Landscape Democracy 2015 Working Group E - Case Study 3
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The Pluit Reservoir Revitalization Project: INNOVATIVE FOR THE INITIATIVE
| Place name | The Pluit Reservoir Revitalization Project | |
| Location | Jakarta | |
| Country | Indonesia | |
| Author(s) | Gabriella Lazuardi | |
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Rationale: Why have you chosen this case for the landscape and democracy seminar?
The Pluit Reservoir Revitalization Project in the area of Penjaringan, North Jakarta is the first government project of Jakarta Municipality, in the era of Ir. Joko Widodo, Governor of Jakarta in the year of 2012 to 2014, which aims to support overcoming floods that occurred during the last decade. The main purpose of this project is to restore the capacity of reservoir in order to be able to mitigate the current conditions of annually flooding and also possible for 25-year return period.
For several years, almost 15.000 legal and illegal households currently settled and built temporary unfeasible housing on the reservoir banks and prone to repeated flooding. Within this situation, the government was challenge to relocate the squatters without harassing their human rights so that the physical improvements could be done. This project is innovative and a democratic leadership with personal approach was the crucial point, also it is integral that social and economic benefits are gained through the development of this project.
In terms of democracy context, the government's approach to actualize the restoration of reservoir function in parallel with the right of citizen will be an interesting case study to be discovered. Besides, this project has become a pioneer to be an inspiration to another project of Jakarta Municipality both for now and in the future.
Representation of your observations
- Design Synthesis Drawings
Existing Condition Before Revitalization
Design Plan of The First Phase Pluit Reservoir Public Space
Design Image of The First Phase Pluit Reservoir Public Space
TEMPORARY HOUSING ALONG THE WATERFRONT
GOVERNMENT EFFORTS TO APPROACH WITH CITIZEN
THE NEW IMAGE OF PLUIT RESERVOIR PUBLIC SPACE
Reflection
What are the major challenges for changing the situation?
The major problem is the residents with thousands of illegal houses were reluctant to resettlement. Although the government already offered a solution, with huge effort they will provide proper subsidized apartments in order that these households may maintain their social and economic activities. Besides, low-cost housing which are provided by the government located far away from their earlier residence so they have to prepare themselves to start their new life in new place.
Long negotiation process with citizens were taken, inherent with involving many stakeholders. Local community leaders were approached in person and invited to talk and discuss with the Governor so that the communication could be actively in two ways direction. With some personal approach, is to make a clear explanation that inhabitants would have better living environments as they are less vulnerable to flood risk and related health problems. Also, the new subsidized apartment will be located near industrial area, where there are several opportunities for them to work and make small business.
It is true that illegal squatters as new occupant, they need to be educated better about good habit living in apartment. This responsible would be taken also by government with support from local community to held event like seminar for the new apartment residents.
What could be a starting point for democractically-based change?
The reason why this project become a pioneer for the others is that it came up with brilliant ideas, which is never exist in the former governance. The main concept is what they called it “Innovative for The Initiative”.
Over 20 years, it was a complicated problem to relocate the squatters with protractedly process of debates and argumentation. But the government change their strategies. The key to overcoming this barrier was that democractically active would be done by the Governor himself who directly came and consoled the people, listened to their problems, listened to their aspirations and communicated frequently. A leader with great team behind would be one of the key success of this case. Not only personal approach that is taken by Governor, but also he already got prepared with a win-win solution for the citizen. Both Jakarta Urban Planning & Research and Jakarta Water System Management have an important role to provide this win-win solution which have been observed and inspected before.
Governor also at the same time has responsibility to gathered participation from the private sectors to donate attractive furniture for the new housing, make a clear explanation and persuade citizen to understand how important for them to maintain the reservoir area. And support truly came from business stakeholders that voluntary ready to provide citizen needs in their new apartments. The public-private partnership (PPP) scheme has been implemented at the Pluit Reservoir Revitalization Project in which the private companies that hold property development permits are obliged to participate in the project under the cross-subsidy scheme.
At first, most of illegal squatters showed their significant resistance and would not cooperate with the government. Some requested for a very high and irrational compensation while others demanded their rights to stay there as they had been living there for 20 years. By the end, the significant resistance disappeared and this project became an inspiration to other projects, both for this city itself, and also for the other cities.
Stakeholder Mapping
- Stakeholder Map & Analysis
STAKEHOLDER MAP
STAKEHOLDER IMPACT ANALYSIS
Change Scenario
- Change Scenario
STEP BY STEP SCENARIO CHANGING
Cross cutting theme
When all cases put into a cross cutting diagram, it is visible that almost all cases have inadequate law and institutional framework that could cause further problems. In my case, weaknesses of law would be the reason why citizen could possibly make temporary unfeasible housing on the reservoir banks. The weaknesses of the law would generate affectation excuse for citizen to act against the law. Additionally in my case, lack of educational background and knowledge could also be the reason why it needs a huge effort for government to communicate with citizen as their step of democratically active.
Concluding reflections
Reflect on your case and your change model. Potentials? Limitations? (approx. 150 words)
References
The Pluit Reservoir Revitalization Project: (Socially-Inclusive Coastal Protection Today and for 2030. (2014). Retrieved from http://www.urban-innovations.org/index.php/The_Pluit_Reservoir_Revitalization_Project:_%28Socially-Inclusive_Coastal_Protection_Today_and_for_2030
Toward Sustainable Green Growth Jakarta. (2014, October 15). Retrieved from http://www.mlit.go.jp/common/001059862.pdf
Jakarta: The Pluit Reservoir Revitalization Project: (Socially-Inclusive Coastal Protection Today and for 2030(Climate Adaptation and Resilience in Jakarta). Retrieved from http://www.guangzhouaward.org/626/content_2160.html
Image References
- http://static.panoramio.com/photos/large/91923924.jpg
- http://static.panoramio.com/photos/large/90378041.jpg
- http://metro.tempo.co/read/news/2013/06/21/057490047/jokowi-to-transform-pluit-reservoir-to-city-park
- http://assets.kompas.com/data/photo/2013/02/13/0908171-waduk-pluit-620X310.jpg
- http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-MMX42iSRaMk/UM6iN7bwSrI/AAAAAAAAAQg/raqQ7hXiXP8/s1600/Puit+Reservoar.jpg
- http://assets.kompas.com/data/photo/2014/05/07/133517420140425-153045-resized780x390.JPG
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