Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group F - Abdali Bridge

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Implementing Green Infrastructure in the Abdali Bridge Area

Name	Abdali Bridge
Country	Jordan
City	Amman
Authors	Maroula Shami
Bridge during Rain

Rationale: Why is this case interesting?

Due to climate change, Jordan has been experiencing a change in rainfall patterns. The current grey infrastructure is not capable of draining the storm-water properly as it has not been designed to receive such large quantities. Also, the fact that it is not maintained properly further amplifies the problem. It is therefore worth considering the introduction of a layer of green infrastructure which would assist the existing grey infrastructure to avoid flooding in the future.

The Abdali area underwent a radical change in the past years, the aim of which was to create a new downtown for the city of Amman. The massive mixed-used development project included the construction of residential and commercial buildings. Changes were made to the road network surrounding this project which included the construction of the Abdali Bridge. This bridge (with the roundabout below it) connects the Ministry of Interior Affairs circle (north), the Abdali project (north-east), the Abdali area (east), the Third Circle (south-east), the Fourth Circle (south), and the Shmesani area (west). During the heavy rainfall that Jordan has experienced in the beginning of November 2014, slight flooding occurred in this area, and it is speculated that an introduction of proper green infrastructure would prevent this problem from reoccurring in the future.

Author's perspective

Today, Amman is a highly urbanized city, which was sadly designed for the automobile and lacks a pedestrian, as well as cycling, transportation network. The Ain that used to flow in the valley has dried a long time ago, and there aren't any natural water bodies in the city. Amman also lacks a properly designed and implemented green infrastructure. Although street trees are planted on all major roads, these cannot perform their role alone, and should work as a part of an extensive network of green infrastructure implemented in the city. The absence of this network is having adverse effects on stormwater management in the last couple of years. Due to Climate Change, Amman is experiencing instances of heavy rainfall as mentioned before. As a result, flooding has been occuring in the streets, especially in roads where bridges are present, as is the case with the newly constructed Abdali Bridge.

Landscape and/or urban context of the Abdali Bridge

3d Showing the Topography

Abdali Topography (Abdali Bridge Highlighted)

Biogeography

Amman is situated on multiple hills, called Jabal(s) in arabic, which can be seen in the names of several areas like Jabal Amman, Jabal Al-Weibdeh, Jabal Al-Nadeef... etc. Originally, Amman was located on 7 hills (represented by the 7-pointed start on the Jordanian flag). The settlement on these hills, like many others, started next to a water body as these hills surrounded Wadi Ras Al-Ain which roughly translates into the valley from which the fountain springs. Since then, Amman has expanded westwards, despite the unevenness of the topography. Flat areas are a rarity in Amman, and before the automobile was used extensively, several staricases were used to connect the people. However, once the automobile became the most common mode of transportation, roads were constructed parallel to the topography of the hills in order to abide by the inclination guidelines stipulated for vehicular traffic. The altitude of Amman varies from 700-1100m above street level.

Since settlement in Abdali area has started a really long time ago, today there are no traces of what the area looked like before urbanization. There is no native vegetation. In fact, the only plants present in the area are those planted in private gardens or as street trees. There are no animals as well, and there is no available data on the habitats that existed in the area before it was urbanized. Today, the only animals that could be seen are stray cats (which are somewhat common in Amman), and birds that build nests in garden trees or rest on electricity lines.

Cultural Features

The Abdali area is one of the older parts of the city and contains several important religious and civic buildings. The Palace of Justice, Ministry of Education, King Abdullah I Mosque, Church of the Annunciation, and the Coptic Patriarchate are all located on Suleyman Al-Nabulsi Street. The Jordanian Parliament and House of Senate and Representatives is located on the King Hussein Street and in the same block as the Palace of Justice. The Abdali area has been chosen for a development project on a former military site to create the New Downtown.

Map of Points of Interest:1) Abdali Development Area 2) Abdali Pedestrian Boulevard 3) Palace of Justice 4) Parliament 4') House of Senates and Representatives 5) King Abdullah I Mosque 6) Ministry of Education 7) Coptic Patriarchate 8) The Church of the Annunciation

• Points of Interest
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  Palace of Justice: the major courthouse in Amman

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  Jordanian Parliament

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  Coptic Patriarchate in Amman

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  Greek Orthodox Church of the Annunciation

King Abdullah I Mosque

• King Abdullah I Mosque

It is one of the monumental mosques in Amman and was built to commemorate King Abdullah the first in 1982. It is built on a 12 000 square meter land which was later expanded to 18 000 square meters. The mosque's major components are:

1. central prayer hall: octagonal in shape and accommodates 3000 men
2. Women's Prayer Hall: accommodates 500 women
3. Conference Hall
4. Library
5. Qur'an Teaching School
6. Islamic Museum

• The New Downtown

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  Abdali Master Plan

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  Abdali Boulevard

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  Abdali Image

The Abdali development project covers a 384000 square meters area. It is a mixed-use development project which is composed of residential and commercial buildings in a pedestrian-friendly setting. It offers

1. prestigious residential buildings (both serviced and unserviced)
2. a central business district that attracts foreign investors
3. a variety of leisure opportunities
4. hotels

Pedestrians are kept in mind throughout the design of the entire project, but they can especially enjoy the Boulevard at the center which consists of 12 buildings (6 on either side) surrounding a 340 m pedestrian promenade. To make use of the slope in the site, this Boulevard is divided into 3 platforms that are connected by different means of vertical circulation to provide the visitors with a unique experience as they strolls through it. Overall, there are 60,000 square meters of pedestrian roads, piazzas and landscaped parks in the project.

The project aims at being sustainable, and that is applied by the implication of a grey-water collecting and treatment system, energy efficient heating and cooling provided by Jordan District Energy, and encouraging developers to attain LEED certification for their buildings.

Overall Character

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  Amman Districts

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  Density Map

Aside from the new development, the character of the Abdali area is similar to any neighborhood in Amman. Buildings are mostly constructed of stone and have a cubic form (with the exception of a few houses with pitched roofs). Houses are surrounded by gardens, the size of which depends on the land use category (residential categories stipulate minimum plot size and setbacks among other determinants). Roads can be divided into two categories; major and minor roads. The difference between the two is in street width and sidewalk width (which is dependent on the width of the street). Wherever width permits, planters are present on sidewalks and mid-road islands. Outdoor interaction among residents is limited to private settings (gardens) and the very few public parks which are mostly visited by children and their parents since they are the target users of these parks. Due to the presence of the Palace of Justice in the vicinity, there is a large number of lawyers' office scattered around between homes in the residential areas as well as offices in general on the sides of major streets. Commercial functions are also mostly concentrated along major roads, except for small grocery stores which are built on plots that are categorized as residential. This implies that major roads of the area experience heavy traffic during working hours, a problem which was partially solved by the construction of the Abdali bridge. Another problem is the insufficient number of parking spaces, since most Jordanians area accustomed to drive their car to most places in the absence of an efficient public transportation system.

History and Dynamics

Amman Timeline

Jordan Being located in the heart of the Middle East, and on several trade routes, Jordan had a strategic location throughout history which explains why it has hosted many different civilizations; Egyptians, Assyrians, Babylonians, Hittites, Greeks, Romans, Arabs, Turks and Crusaders. One of the world's first cities Al-Beidha was situated in Jordan, close to modern day Petra.

Read more: http://www.lonelyplanet.com/jordan/history#ixzz3J7XgX6lH

• History of the Site
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  2003

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  2007

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  2009

• 

  2010

• 

  2011

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  2014

• 

  Areas Experiencing Major Changes

The images above show that the only major changes to the Abdali area in the past 10 years have been the development project and the road network that surrounds it. The Abdali area had very few empty plots of land as far back as the year 2000. Expansion by demolishing old low-rise building and replacing them with ones that have more floors has started occurring since the beginning of the development project,

Abdali Friday Market

however, these occurrences are limited in number and restricted to the buildings across the street from it. This was done to extract the maximum value of land by imitating the high-rise buildings within the project. Sadly, no attempts at imitating the attention to pedestrians and green areas have been made in the surrounding neighborhoods.

Friday Market Since 1988, a Thursday night- Friday morning Flee market used to take place on a plot of land which had been a former bus stop for intercity buses in the Abdali area. The flee market was visited by a lot of customers every weekend, especially those leaving the mosque after Friday prayer. The flee market used to sell different things ranging from secondhand clothes to fruits and vegetables. In the beginning of October 2014, the flee market has been moved to the Ras Al-Ain area. This has double benefits, on the one hand the site in Abdali will be used as a much-needed parking for automobiles connected to a new public transportation mode which would carry passengers around the Abdali and Shmeisani area. On the other hand, the new site chosen for the flee market has adequate parking and would thus not cause the traffic congestion which is associated with the market in the Abdali location.

Analytical drawings

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Green Infrastructure benefits for this site

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Potential for multifunctionality

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Projective drawings

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• And how could it look like in 10-15 years?
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Summary and conclusion

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Image Gallery

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References

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