Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group B

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Modlin Fortress and its surroundings as a GI potential area

Name	Modlin Fortress
Location	Modlin (near Warsaw)
Country	Poland
Authors	add author

Landscape and/or urban context of your case

• Biogeography

The area is situated in Eurosiberian region, in east-central Europe and from geomorphological point of view it's Middle European Plain, Masovian Lowland. It means, that the the relief of the terrain in this place is almost flat, rich in very developed river network. The medium altitude of the area is 127,6 m above the see level. Modlin is a district of Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki, located in east-central Poland, in Masovian Lowland. The climate of Masovian lowland is transitional climate between maritime and continental climate. As a resoult in the region there is pretty high temperature amplitude (in a scale of year), mostly during the winter season (2°C to -2°C). In the summer the average temperature is balanced, around 18 °C - 18,5 °C. The atmospheric precipitation level here is the lowest in the country and usually it's less than 500 mm during the year scale. Although soils here are rather poor- mostly podzols- nearby big rivers (so where Modlin Fortress is located) it's easy to find fertile alluvial soils. Despite the fact, that in most of Masovian Province area woods have been replaced by urban structures or transformed into Pinus monocultures, in the surroundings of Modlin still wilderness and various woods exist.

Flora and fauna existing in the area: according to document done towards the needs of Professional Geodety School, I've collected information about species existing in the sourroundings of the airport. Most common vegetation is trees such as: Acer sp, Betula sp, Corylus sp, Crataegus sp, Picea sp, Pinus sp, Populus sp, Prunus sp, Quercus sp, Sanbucus nigra sp, Tilia sp. With other plants mostly we can find there: Lupinus sp, Silybum marianum, Solidago sp, Tanacetum vulgare, Urtica dioica. The most important fauna in the area are birds - many endangered species and species connected to water habitats.

• Urban context: history and dynamics

The location of Modlin at the confluence of Vistula, Narew and Wkra rivers was bringing to the place outstanding defensive qualities. Napoleon Bonaparte, during extending his impact on Eastern Europe, created Duchy of Warsaw and built serie of fortresses in its area. One of them was Modlin Fortress, which was started in 1806. According to his plan, the internal circuit of today's citadel was formed. The stronghold was created from earth and wood, with 5 bastions and the shape of semicircle, opened to the river.

After the Napoleon's period, the fortress has been occupied by Russian army. Russians have extended the area of fortress with an external perimeter, which was based on the shape of "crowns" of the internal bastion and consisted six fronts. In 1864 the complex of barracks was built, the citadel and the external circuit have been surrounded by the wall, called the Carnot. Im 1883 another reconstruction started- the Tsar's Army decided to build the "chain" of forts surrounding the fortress. This 8 forts are made of earth and bricks, and its length is 30 km, they are creating the first ring of forts. Similar modernization has been done in 1914, when the second ring of forts appeared. They created 10 additional forts, using concrete and steal.

87 years later, already after the I World War in December 1918 the Modlin Fortress has been taken by Polish Army.

In the interwar period Corps of Cadets stationed in Modlin. There was also Armored Training Center, with the Cadets School and the School of Officers, and also Sapper Training Centre. During next years the complex has been used for military goals, after the II World War the object still has been used by Polish Army as a training area etc.

Nowadays The Modlin Fortress isn't anymore strategic military point. It became a historical monument, with it's well preserved buildings which are attracting many tourists.

• Overall character and cultural features

Nowadays, during the urban sprawl the space between internal and external perimeter of the fortress is partly occupied by housing estates and urban infrastructures. The significant object is an international airport, located just on the border of Modlin Fortress, which for sure is important social and cultural aspect overall, but obviously has a huge ( not always positive) influence on the ecology of the region and the quality of life of local citizens. The area in general is open, but with the historical buildings the situation is different - only some of them are open to the public and people can visit them with the guide, the rest is getting destroyed with the time and acts of vandalism. The terrain of the fortress is subject of conservation officer's care and in spite of the fact, that last year it was bought by private investor, the conservator needs to agree for all the proposed changes. There is a permission of adapting buildings of the main part (citadel) to new functions such as apartments, office space, but there is also condition: not to change overall exterior appearance of the buildings and to keep educational function by reserving part of the fortress for a museum. However labour on renovation of the object will need many changes in underground infrastructure such as connection to canalization, electricity and so on. Also with another extension of urban zone, there will be a necessity of creation social spots, such as parks, public squares and infrastructure connected to this. Fortunately in the area, inside the buildings of citadel and in the area between two perimeters of the fortress, there is a lot of greenery which can be easly adapted to new functions.

• Localization and structure of Modlin Fortress
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  Localization of the study case

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  Explanation of fortress structure

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  Conflicts

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  Potentials

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  aerial picture: vegetation visible on circuits and forts

What are the overall objectives of your design? What are the specific objectives for enhancing green infrastrucutre?

Overall objective of this integrated design is connecting existing urban structures with historical elements in the way it'll be well adapted to new functions, makes area attractive and involves ideas positively working on ecological and cultural aspects of the place.

- creation of places with organized greenery (parks, gardens)

- facilities for citizens - f.ex. designing parkings

- improving connectivity between both circuits of the fortress and surrounding area and accessibility to historical objects

- provide access to the riverside and creation of attractive boulevards

- adaptation of historical objects to new functions - f.x embankments might transform into paths with view points dor interesting objects.

- protection and preservation the historical objects

All of mentioned ideas can include GI elements.

The objective of enhancing green infrastructure is minimizing the negative influence of the airport on local and surrounding areas, like problem of noise, pollution (air, soil, water), the ground water level disturbance and in general all the factors which can have bad impact on fauna, flora and quality of humans life in the region. Also there is plan of reducing artificial isolation within the fortress area.

- Plantation plans including high noise damping and pollution storing vegetation in surroundings of the airport

- Plantation plans including biofiltration species in the surroundings of the airport

- Plantation plans providing biodiversity of the place

- Resumption of lost habitats

- Rainwater management strategy and storage elements

- Proper adaptation of the circuits of fortifications and embankments, reduction of isolation

- GI elements in the urban environment: urban agriculture and health pathways in newly planned housing estimate in citadel

Analytical drawings

Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing.

• Analytical Drawings
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  Overall look of the place

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  Use of land

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  Accessibility and public communication

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  Possibility of using GI

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  Problem of izolation

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  Valuable natural areas

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  Connectios with other cities

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  Greenery possibilities

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  Built Environment

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  Gates of the Fortress

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  Typology Pre-war

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  Typology Post-war

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  Meeting Points/Destinations

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  Bufferzones of destinations, r:150m and 300m

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  proposal

Projective drawings

Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes), of course with an emphasis on green infrastructure aspects. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing representing his/her individual ideas.

• Projective Drawings
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  Urban farming

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  City park (compatible with the combination of gates their connections)

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  Connecting the city

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  Densifiying the city

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  Corridor by river

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  Isolation barrie

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  Ecotourism/Protection

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  Riverside Eco-Recreation

Design Synthesis

Please analyse the individual approaches presented so far and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses (you may use the SWOTanalysis model). Try to create a synthesis and represent it with a plan and some sketches. You can still use drawings/sketches.

• Design Synthesis Drawings
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  Strengths

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  Weaknesses

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  Opportunities

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  Threats

Summary of the collaborative process

Please reflect on your collaborative design process. Which potentials have you encountered? What was most difficult? What does collaborative design mean for you? (approx 150 words).

Image Gallery

You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings

• Image Gallery
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  fortress in 1942'

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  Citadele

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  Airport during contruction

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  Airport now

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  view at the granary

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  Gate

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  neglected building of fortress

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  Canota wall

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  bunkers

References

http://natura2000.gdos.gov.pl/datafiles

http://www.propertydesign.pl/architektura/104/twierdza_modlin_odzyje_konkurs_architektoniczny_w_2015,2580.html

http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nowy_Dw%C3%B3r_Mazowiecki

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