China: Difference between revisions
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第一是景观与外部系统的关系。 | 第一是景观与外部系统的关系。 | ||
第二是景观内部各元素之间的生态关系，即水平生态过程。 | 第二是景观内部各元素之间的生态关系，即水平生态过程。 | ||
第三种生态关系，是景观元素内部的结构与功能的关系。 | 第三种生态关系，是景观元素内部的结构与功能的关系。 | ||
第四种生态关系则存在于生命与环境之间。 | 第四种生态关系则存在于生命与环境之间。 | ||
第五种生态关系则存在于人类与其环境之间的物质、营养及能量的关系。 | 第五种生态关系则存在于人类与其环境之间的物质、营养及能量的关系。 | ||
（4）景观作为符号。景观作为符号的含义：人类理想与历史的书。 | （4）景观作为符号。景观作为符号的含义：人类理想与历史的书。 | ||
景观是审美的、景观是体验的、景观是科学的、景观是有含义的。 | 景观是审美的、景观是体验的、景观是科学的、景观是有含义的。 | ||
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The first is the relationship between landscape and external systems. | The first is the relationship between landscape and external systems. | ||
The second is the internal ecological relationships between the various elements, namely the level of ecological processes. | The second is the internal ecological relationships between the various elements, namely the level of ecological processes. | ||
The third ecological relationship is the structure and function within the landscape elements. | The third ecological relationship is the structure and function within the landscape elements. | ||
The fourth ecological relationship exists between the life and the environment. | The fourth ecological relationship exists between the life and the environment. | ||
The fifth ecological relationship exists between human beings and their physical environment, nutrition and energy. | The fifth ecological relationship exists between human beings and their physical environment, nutrition and energy. | ||
(4) Landscape as a symbol: the ideal and the history books of human beings. | (4) Landscape as a symbol: the ideal and the history books of human beings. | ||
Landscape is aesthetic, landscape is perceptual, landscape is scientific, landscape is meaningful. | Landscape is aesthetic, landscape is perceptual, landscape is scientific, landscape is meaningful. | ||
Landscape is the imprint of human natural and social processes on the land; landscape is the projection of man and nature, human relations and the pursuit of human ideals in the earth. | Landscape is the imprint of human natural and social processes on the land; landscape is the projection of man and nature, human relations and the pursuit of human ideals in the earth. | ||
Revision as of 09:34, 13 December 2010
Back to Assignment 4: Landscape Concepts by country
Landscape Concept 1
by: Zhang,Kun
Original
景观的含义
景观有四个层面的含义：
（1）景观作为视觉审美的对象：外在人眼中的景象；
（2）景观作为生活其中的栖息地：内在人的生活体验；
（3）景观作为系统：科学、客观地解读；
第一是景观与外部系统的关系。
第二是景观内部各元素之间的生态关系，即水平生态过程。
第三种生态关系，是景观元素内部的结构与功能的关系。
第四种生态关系则存在于生命与环境之间。
第五种生态关系则存在于人类与其环境之间的物质、营养及能量的关系。
（4）景观作为符号。景观作为符号的含义：人类理想与历史的书。
景观是审美的、景观是体验的、景观是科学的、景观是有含义的。
景观是自然及人类社会过程在土地上的烙印，是人与自然、人与人的关系以及人类理想与追求在大地上的投影。
参考文献 俞孔坚.景观的含义[J].时代建筑,2002,（1）:14-16.
English translation
The concept of the landscape
There are four levels of the landscape concept.
(1) landscape as a visual perceptual object: the external scene in our eyes.
(2) Landscapes as living places: the inner experience of human life.
(3) Landscapes as systems: scientifically and objectively interpreting.
The first is the relationship between landscape and external systems.
The second is the internal ecological relationships between the various elements, namely the level of ecological processes.
The third ecological relationship is the structure and function within the landscape elements.
The fourth ecological relationship exists between the life and the environment.
The fifth ecological relationship exists between human beings and their physical environment, nutrition and energy.
(4) Landscape as a symbol: the ideal and the history books of human beings.
Landscape is aesthetic, landscape is perceptual, landscape is scientific, landscape is meaningful.
Landscape is the imprint of human natural and social processes on the land; landscape is the projection of man and nature, human relations and the pursuit of human ideals in the earth.
Reference [1]Yu Kongjian ,Meanings of landscape[J], Modern A rchitecture.2002,(1):14-16.
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Landscape Concept 2
by: Please add your names here...
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Please add your concept of landscape in original language and the source here...
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Please add your English translation here... If you want you can also add sample pictures underneath
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