Peri-Urban Areas of Istanbul - Revision history

Heike.kaiser at 07:40, 22 July 2009

2009-07-22T07:40:07Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:40, 22 July 2009
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	[[Category:Case ~~study~~]]		[[Category:Case Study]]
	[[Category:Peri-urban landscapes]]		[[Category:Peri-urban landscapes]]
	[[Category: Istanbul]]		[[Category: Istanbul]]

Aycim baskaya: /* History */

2009-06-30T17:06:34Z

History

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:06, 30 June 2009
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	Solid waste disposal had been irregular in Istanbul till the beginning of 1990s. At the mid of 1970s, large dumping areas had been established in the rural areas of Istanbul. However owing to the uncontrolled city expansion, these dumping areas were surrounded by residential areas during the 1980s. Similar processes occured in also other cities. However as the biggest city of Turkey, drastic problems occured in Istanbul, causing death of some citizens. By regarding the risks they posed to human health, state government decided to close all dumping areas in Turkey and establish regular solid waste disposal sites instead of them.		Solid waste disposal had been irregular in Istanbul till the beginning of 1990s. At the mid of 1970s, large dumping areas had been established in the rural areas of Istanbul. However owing to the uncontrolled city expansion, these dumping areas were surrounded by residential areas during the 1980s. Similar processes occured in also other cities. However as the biggest city of Turkey, drastic problems occured in Istanbul, causing death of some citizens. By regarding the risks they posed to human health, state government decided to close all dumping areas in Turkey and establish regular solid waste disposal sites instead of them.

	Former landfills of Istanbul constitute the case areas of this study. Today they are surrounded by fragmented landscapes both spatialy and socially. ~~Owing~~ to the problems occuring between local and state government, there isn't any development plan in Turkey till 1995. Fringe areas develop according to the district municipalities local plans but also it is not easy for these municipalities to control self-developing rapid changes in these sites.		Former landfills of Istanbul constitute the case areas of this study. Today they are surrounded by fragmented landscapes both spatialy and socially. Speed of traditional planning is not enough for rapid growing city of Istanbul. Hence, owing to the problems occuring between local and state government, there isn't any development plan in Turkey till 1995. Fringe areas develop according to the district municipalities' local plans but also it is not easy for these municipalities to control self-developing rapid changes in these sites.

	=== Spatial analysis of area/project/plan===		=== Spatial analysis of area/project/plan===

Aycim baskaya: /* History */

2009-06-30T16:56:22Z

History

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:56, 30 June 2009
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	=== History ===		=== History ===
	*''(How did the area/project/plan at the focus of the case study evolve?) ''		*''(How did the area/project/plan at the focus of the case study evolve?) '' ''(Illustration: Table or time line)''

	''(Illustration: Table or time line)''

	Solid waste disposal had been irregular in Istanbul till the beginning of 1990s. At the mid of 1970s, large dumping areas had been established in the rural areas of Istanbul. However owing to the uncontrolled city expansion, these dumping areas were surrounded by residential areas during the 1980s. Similar processes occured in also other cities. However as the biggest city of Turkey, drastic problems occured in Istanbul, causing death of some citizens. By regarding the risks they posed to human health, state government decided to close all dumping areas in Turkey and establish regular solid waste disposal sites instead of them.		Solid waste disposal had been irregular in Istanbul till the beginning of 1990s. At the mid of 1970s, large dumping areas had been established in the rural areas of Istanbul. However owing to the uncontrolled city expansion, these dumping areas were surrounded by residential areas during the 1980s. Similar processes occured in also other cities. However as the biggest city of Turkey, drastic problems occured in Istanbul, causing death of some citizens. By regarding the risks they posed to human health, state government decided to close all dumping areas in Turkey and establish regular solid waste disposal sites instead of them.

Aycim baskaya: /* History */

2009-06-30T16:51:17Z

History

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:51, 30 June 2009
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	Solid waste disposal had been irregular in Istanbul till the beginning of 1990s. At the mid of 1970s, large dumping areas had been established in the rural areas of Istanbul. However owing to the uncontrolled city expansion, these dumping areas were surrounded by residential areas during the 1980s. Similar processes occured in also other cities. However as the biggest city of Turkey, drastic problems occured in Istanbul, causing death of some citizens. By regarding the risks they posed to human health, state government decided to close all dumping areas in Turkey and establish regular solid waste disposal sites instead of them.		Solid waste disposal had been irregular in Istanbul till the beginning of 1990s. At the mid of 1970s, large dumping areas had been established in the rural areas of Istanbul. However owing to the uncontrolled city expansion, these dumping areas were surrounded by residential areas during the 1980s. Similar processes occured in also other cities. However as the biggest city of Turkey, drastic problems occured in Istanbul, causing death of some citizens. By regarding the risks they posed to human health, state government decided to close all dumping areas in Turkey and establish regular solid waste disposal sites instead of them.

	Former landfills of Istanbul constitute the case areas of this study. Today they are surrounded by fragmented landscapes both spatialy and socially. Owing to the problems occuring between local and state government, there isn't any development plan in Turkey till 1995. Fringe areas develop according to the district municipalities local plans but also it is not easy for these municipalities to control ~~illegal developments~~.		Former landfills of Istanbul constitute the case areas of this study. Today they are surrounded by fragmented landscapes both spatialy and socially. Owing to the problems occuring between local and state government, there isn't any development plan in Turkey till 1995. Fringe areas develop according to the district municipalities local plans but also it is not easy for these municipalities to control self-developing rapid changes in these sites.

	=== Spatial analysis of area/project/plan===		=== Spatial analysis of area/project/plan===

Aycim baskaya: /* History */

2009-06-30T16:44:39Z

History

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:44, 30 June 2009
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	*''(How did the area/project/plan at the focus of the case study evolve?) ''		*''(How did the area/project/plan at the focus of the case study evolve?) ''

	Illustration: Table or time line		''(Illustration: Table or time line)''

	Solid waste disposal had been irregular in Istanbul till the beginning of 1990s. At the mid of 1970s, large dumping areas had been established in the rural areas of Istanbul. However owing to the uncontrolled city expansion, these dumping areas were surrounded by residential areas during the 1980s. Similar processes occured in also other cities. However as the biggest city of Turkey, drastic problems occured in Istanbul, causing death of some citizens. By regarding the risks they posed to human health, state government decided to close all dumping areas in Turkey and establish regular solid waste disposal sites instead of them.		Solid waste disposal had been irregular in Istanbul till the beginning of 1990s. At the mid of 1970s, large dumping areas had been established in the rural areas of Istanbul. However owing to the uncontrolled city expansion, these dumping areas were surrounded by residential areas during the 1980s. Similar processes occured in also other cities. However as the biggest city of Turkey, drastic problems occured in Istanbul, causing death of some citizens. By regarding the risks they posed to human health, state government decided to close all dumping areas in Turkey and establish regular solid waste disposal sites instead of them.

Aycim baskaya: /* History */

2009-06-30T16:44:00Z

History

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:44, 30 June 2009
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	=== History ===		=== History ===
	*How did the area/project/plan at the focus of the case study evolve?		*''(How did the area/project/plan at the focus of the case study evolve?) ''

	Illustration: Table or time line		Illustration: Table or time line

Aycim baskaya: /* History */

2009-06-30T16:43:24Z

History

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:43, 30 June 2009
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	Illustration: Table or time line		Illustration: Table or time line
			Solid waste disposal had been irregular in Istanbul till the beginning of 1990s. At the mid of 1970s, large dumping areas had been established in the rural areas of Istanbul. However owing to the uncontrolled city expansion, these dumping areas were surrounded by residential areas during the 1980s. Similar processes occured in also other cities. However as the biggest city of Turkey, drastic problems occured in Istanbul, causing death of some citizens. By regarding the risks they posed to human health, state government decided to close all dumping areas in Turkey and establish regular solid waste disposal sites instead of them.

			Former landfills of Istanbul constitute the case areas of this study. Today they are surrounded by fragmented landscapes both spatialy and socially. Owing to the problems occuring between local and state government, there isn't any development plan in Turkey till 1995. Fringe areas develop according to the district municipalities local plans but also it is not easy for these municipalities to control illegal developments.

	=== Spatial analysis of area/project/plan===		=== Spatial analysis of area/project/plan===

Aycim baskaya: /* Landscape and/or urban context */

2009-06-30T16:00:29Z

Landscape and/or urban context

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:00, 30 June 2009
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	Istanbul is the largest city in Turkey, largest city proper and second largest metropolitan area in Europe, and fourth largest city proper in the world with a population of 12.6 million. Istanbul is also a megacity, as well as the cultural and financial center of Turkey. It is located on the Bosphorus Strait and encompasses the natural harbor known as the Golden Horn, in the northwest of the country. It extends both on the European (Thrace) and on the Asian (Anatolia) sides of the Bosphorus, and is thereby the only metropolis in the world that is situated on two continents. In its long history, Istanbul has served as the capital city of the Roman Empire (330–395), the East Roman (Byzantine) Empire (395–1204 and 1261–1453), the Latin Empire (1204–1261), and the Ottoman Empire (1453–1922). The city was chosen as joint European Capital of Culture for 2010. The historic areas of Istanbul were added to the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1985.		Istanbul is the largest city in Turkey, largest city proper and second largest metropolitan area in Europe, and fourth largest city proper in the world with a population of 12.6 million. Istanbul is also a megacity, as well as the cultural and financial center of Turkey. It is located on the Bosphorus Strait and encompasses the natural harbor known as the Golden Horn, in the northwest of the country. It extends both on the European (Thrace) and on the Asian (Anatolia) sides of the Bosphorus, and is thereby the only metropolis in the world that is situated on two continents. In its long history, Istanbul has served as the capital city of the Roman Empire (330–395), the East Roman (Byzantine) Empire (395–1204 and 1261–1453), the Latin Empire (1204–1261), and the Ottoman Empire (1453–1922). The city was chosen as joint European Capital of Culture for 2010. The historic areas of Istanbul were added to the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1985.

			Istanbul is surrounded by ecologically important areas such as water basins and forest areas. However, as an international financial center, Istanbul takes huge amount of immigration from other cities of Turkey. Immigration and changing life styles of high income people bring about the urban sprawl problem.

Aycim baskaya: /* Rationale: Why is this case study interesting? */

2009-06-30T15:50:30Z

Rationale: Why is this case study interesting?

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:50, 30 June 2009
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	=== Rationale: Why is this case study interesting? ===		=== Rationale: Why is this case study interesting? ===
	*Please summarise:- e.g. Design Innovation? Planning Exemplar? Theoretical Insights? Lessons learned from its failure? [It doesn’t have to have been successful]		*''(Please summarise:- e.g. Design Innovation? Planning Exemplar? Theoretical Insights? Lessons learned from its failure? [It doesn’t have to have been successful] )''

	* Think about it from the view of another educator/student in a different country. Why should I use this case study in my teaching/education?		* ''(Think about it from the view of another educator/student in a different country. Why should I use this case study in my teaching/education?)''


	Over the last 50 years, the world has faced dramatic growth of its urban population. In 2007 the amount of urban residents has outnumbered the rural population for the first time in history and by the year 2030 already two-thirds of the world’s population is expected to live in cities. The number of so-called megacities –cities with more than 10 million inhabitants– increased in the period from 1975 until today from 4 to 22, mostly in less developed regions. Furthermore, a United Nations report projects that almost all global population growth in the next 30 years will be concentrated in urban areas. This dynamic phenomenon will necessitate advanced methodologies such as spatial technologies, which will help planners solve the problems accompanying with the city growth. In this uncontrolled situation, planners need tools to measure, monitor, and understand urban sprawl and landscape change processes. Therefore, landscapes at the fringe are a frequently overlooked asset within spatial planning, for example regarding wildlife and recreation, but also for the character and green structure of the city of tomorrow. The interpretation of areas along the rural-urban fringe is often characterized by the awareness that these landscapes are sooner or later to be transformed. For centuries, city edges have been associated with waste and wastelands. Refuse dumps have frequently been located at the outskirts of the city, and the metaphor of ‘wasteland’ has been used to depict landscapes at the urban fringe. After 1970s, process of sprawl in megacity of Istanbul brought about an inevitable contact with the new residential areas and existing wastelands. Therefore, in the second half of 1990’s owing to the risks they posed on environmental health and safety, 5 irregular solid waste disposal sites were reclaimed according to engineering techniques. However, after their reclamations they left non functional. Today owing to their transition potentials these sites and their surrounding areas are selected as the case areas of this study.		Over the last 50 years, the world has faced dramatic growth of its urban population. In 2007 the amount of urban residents has outnumbered the rural population for the first time in history and by the year 2030 already two-thirds of the world’s population is expected to live in cities. The number of so-called megacities –cities with more than 10 million inhabitants– increased in the period from 1975 until today from 4 to 22, mostly in less developed regions. Furthermore, a United Nations report projects that almost all global population growth in the next 30 years will be concentrated in urban areas. This dynamic phenomenon will necessitate advanced methodologies such as spatial technologies, which will help planners solve the problems accompanying with the city growth. In this uncontrolled situation, planners need tools to measure, monitor, and understand urban sprawl and landscape change processes. Therefore, landscapes at the fringe are a frequently overlooked asset within spatial planning, for example regarding wildlife and recreation, but also for the character and green structure of the city of tomorrow. The interpretation of areas along the rural-urban fringe is often characterized by the awareness that these landscapes are sooner or later to be transformed. For centuries, city edges have been associated with waste and wastelands. Refuse dumps have frequently been located at the outskirts of the city, and the metaphor of ‘wasteland’ has been used to depict landscapes at the urban fringe. After 1970s, process of sprawl in megacity of Istanbul brought about an inevitable contact with the new residential areas and existing wastelands. Therefore, in the second half of 1990’s owing to the risks they posed on environmental health and safety, 5 irregular solid waste disposal sites were reclaimed according to engineering techniques. However, after their reclamations they left non functional. Today owing to their transition potentials these sites and their surrounding areas are selected as the case areas of this study.

	=== Author's perspective ===		=== Author's perspective ===

Aycim baskaya: /* Author's perspective */

2009-06-30T15:42:36Z

Author's perspective

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	● On-site observations, historical photographs, documentations		● On-site observations, historical photographs, documentations
	● 1/5000 scaled construction plans		● 1/5000 scaled construction plans

			This diachronic study requires detailed undertanding of the degraded periurban areas in order to enhance strategic decisions for sustainability.

	=== Landscape and/or urban context===		=== Landscape and/or urban context===