Parque de Educação Ambiental Professor Mello Barreto - Revision history

Asjuliana: /* Analysis of program/function */

2009-01-30T18:13:25Z

Analysis of program/function

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	The main function of the park is the protection of the local ecosystem. The creation of the park was the only way they found to preserve the area against the massive and aggressive expansion of the city which was completely destroying the mangrove forest. Through the park, the city can control the pollution and protect the water from being polluted by garbage.		The main function of the park is the protection of the local ecosystem. The creation of the park was the only way they found to preserve the area against the massive and aggressive expansion of the city which was completely destroying the mangrove forest. Through the park, the city can control the pollution and protect the water from being polluted by garbage.
	The park is linear around the lagoon - this green belt serves as a protection that separates the streets and houses from the lagoon area.		The park is linear around the lagoon - this green belt serves as a protection that separates the streets and houses from the lagoon area.

	~~Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes~~

	=== Analysis of design/planning process ===		=== Analysis of design/planning process ===

Asjuliana: /* How do urban and natural structures interact? */

2009-01-30T18:10:55Z

How do urban and natural structures interact?

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	The idea is to integrate the restored area to the nature that surrounds the entire city of Rio de Janeiro. This is a difficult task considering the city has the natural landscape as a strong characteristic which the landscape architectural work cannot compete with. The park proposal included a bromeliad garden and a sector dedicated to ''restinga'' species. For the first time in a public area of Rio de Janeiro one could see terrestrial orchids and species from the dunes and beach ridges.		The idea is to integrate the restored area to the nature that surrounds the entire city of Rio de Janeiro. This is a difficult task considering the city has the natural landscape as a strong characteristic which the landscape architectural work cannot compete with. The park proposal included a bromeliad garden and a sector dedicated to ''restinga'' species. For the first time in a public area of Rio de Janeiro one could see terrestrial orchids and species from the dunes and beach ridges.
	The project tried to organize plant associations according to the landscaping process, resembling the ~~“restingas”~~ which had been destroyed in this area.		The project tried to organize plant associations according to the landscaping process, resembling the ''restingas'' which had been destroyed in this area.

	An arboretum of atlantic rainforest species was planned for the park, even though this was a rather unconventional measure. Visitors could learn to recognize native species of this formation, which constitutes the Atlantic Rainforest Domain together with ''restingas'' and mangroves.		An arboretum of atlantic rainforest species was planned for the park, even though this was a rather unconventional measure. Visitors could learn to recognize native species of this formation, which constitutes the Atlantic Rainforest Domain together with ''restingas'' and mangroves.

Asjuliana: /* How do urban and natural structures interact? */

2009-01-30T18:10:24Z

How do urban and natural structures interact?

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	The landscape architect has instituted innovative design strategies that conserve areas of original ecosystems of the coastal lagoons and restore other areas by mixing fragments of the original vegetation with new indigenous plantings.		The landscape architect has instituted innovative design strategies that conserve areas of original ecosystems of the coastal lagoons and restore other areas by mixing fragments of the original vegetation with new indigenous plantings.

	The idea is to integrate the restored area to the nature that surrounds the entire city of Rio de Janeiro. This is a difficult task considering the city has the natural landscape as a strong characteristic which the landscape architectural work cannot compete with. The park proposal included a bromeliad garden and a sector dedicated to ~~“restinga”~~ species. For the first time in a public area of Rio de Janeiro one could see terrestrial orchids and species from the dunes and beach ridges.		The idea is to integrate the restored area to the nature that surrounds the entire city of Rio de Janeiro. This is a difficult task considering the city has the natural landscape as a strong characteristic which the landscape architectural work cannot compete with. The park proposal included a bromeliad garden and a sector dedicated to ''restinga'' species. For the first time in a public area of Rio de Janeiro one could see terrestrial orchids and species from the dunes and beach ridges.
	The project tried to organize plant associations according to the landscaping process, resembling the “restingas” which had been destroyed in this area.		The project tried to organize plant associations according to the landscaping process, resembling the “restingas” which had been destroyed in this area.

	An arboretum of atlantic rainforest species was planned for the park, even though this was a rather unconventional measure. Visitors could learn to recognize native species of this formation, which constitutes the Atlantic Rainforest Domain together with ~~“restingas”~~ and mangroves.		An arboretum of atlantic rainforest species was planned for the park, even though this was a rather unconventional measure. Visitors could learn to recognize native species of this formation, which constitutes the Atlantic Rainforest Domain together with ''restingas'' and mangroves.

	The grounds are located at the land-water interface on Tijuca Lagoon. On one front, which is considered to be a privileged site next to a lagoon, there is a good view of the surrounding panorama; and on the other, natural monuments such as the Tijuca Massif stand out from the landscape.		The grounds are located at the land-water interface on Tijuca Lagoon. On one front, which is considered to be a privileged site next to a lagoon, there is a good view of the surrounding panorama; and on the other, natural monuments such as the Tijuca Massif stand out from the landscape.

Asjuliana: /* Cultural/social/political context */

2009-01-30T18:05:54Z

Cultural/social/political context

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	During construction of the big luxurious buildings around the lagoon, the mangroves were cleared. The ecosystem was almost totally destroyed. Although the area is regarded to be a permanently preserved area by the Brazilian constitution, the government didn't interfere.		During construction of the big luxurious buildings around the lagoon, the mangroves were cleared. The ecosystem was almost totally destroyed. Although the area is regarded to be a permanently preserved area by the Brazilian constitution, the government didn't interfere.
	After some years, the area got value and the ~~“favelas”~~ turned into an inconvenient for the rich population and for the traders. The simple removal of this population would be against human rights but the permanent accusation of ecological degradation “helped” them to accuse the ~~“favelas”~~ as being responsible for the destruction, which served as an excuse to remove them.		After some years, the area got value and the ''favelas'' turned into an inconvenient for the rich population and for the traders. The simple removal of this population would be against human rights but the permanent accusation of ecological degradation “helped” them to accuse the ''favelas'' as being responsible for the destruction, which served as an excuse to remove them.

	To avoid the forced removal of this poor population, a local community (Acibarra), lead by a lawyer, started a project of environmental education for the people about the importance of the mangrove ecosystem for the fauna and for the quality of human life. The community could convince the population to move back their constructions from the Lagoon-Margin Protection Belt and to replant the local vegetation. Despite all the efforts during two years and the new mentality, the government and the builders didn’t care and decided to move the ''favelas'' away through violence. In 1994 the ''favelas'' were all completely removed.		To avoid the forced removal of this poor population, a local community (Acibarra), lead by a lawyer, started a project of environmental education for the people about the importance of the mangrove ecosystem for the fauna and for the quality of human life. The community could convince the population to move back their constructions from the Lagoon-Margin Protection Belt and to replant the local vegetation. Despite all the efforts during two years and the new mentality, the government and the builders didn’t care and decided to move the ''favelas'' away through violence. In 1994 the ''favelas'' were all completely removed.

Asjuliana: /* Cultural/social/political context */

2009-01-30T18:05:03Z

Cultural/social/political context

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	After some years, the area got value and the “favelas” turned into an inconvenient for the rich population and for the traders. The simple removal of this population would be against human rights but the permanent accusation of ecological degradation “helped” them to accuse the “favelas” as being responsible for the destruction, which served as an excuse to remove them.		After some years, the area got value and the “favelas” turned into an inconvenient for the rich population and for the traders. The simple removal of this population would be against human rights but the permanent accusation of ecological degradation “helped” them to accuse the “favelas” as being responsible for the destruction, which served as an excuse to remove them.

	To avoid the forced removal of this poor population, a local community (Acibarra), lead by a lawyer, started a project of environmental education for the people about the importance of the mangrove ecosystem for the fauna and for the quality of human life. The community could convince the population to move back their constructions from the Lagoon-Margin Protection Belt and to replant the local vegetation. Despite all the efforts during two years and the new mentality, the government and the builders didn’t care and decided to move the ~~“favelas”~~ away through violence. In 1994 the ~~“favelas”~~ were all completely removed.		To avoid the forced removal of this poor population, a local community (Acibarra), lead by a lawyer, started a project of environmental education for the people about the importance of the mangrove ecosystem for the fauna and for the quality of human life. The community could convince the population to move back their constructions from the Lagoon-Margin Protection Belt and to replant the local vegetation. Despite all the efforts during two years and the new mentality, the government and the builders didn’t care and decided to move the ''favelas'' away through violence. In 1994 the ''favelas'' were all completely removed.
	The local community and the government dislocated the population to a new popular houses complex nearby, specially built to shelter them.		The local community and the government dislocated the population to a new popular houses complex nearby, specially built to shelter them.

Asjuliana: /* Which research questions does it generate? */

2009-01-30T17:44:00Z

Which research questions does it generate?

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	=== Which research questions does it generate? ===		=== Which research questions does it generate? ===

	The project is used as a support for researchers through a creation of research applied on the materialization of the ecosystem of substitution. It ~~adopt~~ the principles of ''ecogenesis'' for ~~the~~ degraded areas.		The project is used as a support for researchers through a creation of research applied on the materialization of the ecosystem of substitution. It adopts the principles of ''ecogenesis'' for degraded areas.
	This kind of intervention once introduced, can turn the position of environmental public institutions strong enough to claim more projects like this~~, with~~ the substitution system. ~~Consequently~~ the market ~~alerts~~ to the production of native flora ~~in the plants nursery~~. ~~Nowadays~~ it is still ~~hard~~ to find a variety of native plants for sale in the market, ~~turning~~ the realization of this kind of project more difficult.		This kind of intervention, once introduced, can turn the position of environmental public institutions strong enough to claim more projects like this using the substitution system. As a result, the market may be alerted as to the need for production of native flora by nurseries. Presently it is still difficult to find a variety of native plants for sale in the market, and the lack of variety of native plant species makes the realization of this kind of project more difficult.

	[[#toc\|'''Back to top''']]		[[#toc\|'''Back to top''']]

Asjuliana: /* What can be generalized from this case study? */

2009-01-30T17:41:10Z

What can be generalized from this case study?

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	*Are there any important theoretical insights?		*Are there any important theoretical insights?

	The project of Prof.Mello Barreto Nature Education Park and other projects from Fernando Chacel in Barra da Tijuca ~~followed~~ the principles of ''ecogenesis''. The concept is not ~~really~~ new, but from 1986 with the new laws, it ~~turned possible~~ the execution of this kind of project. ~~The~~ ''~~ecogenesis~~'' is a process where ecosystems are ~~recreate~~ as a biotic compensation for ~~the~~ development impacts through landscape solutions.		The project of Prof. Mello Barreto Nature Education Park and other projects from Fernando Chacel in Barra da Tijuca follow the principles of ''ecogenesis''. The concept is not new, but from 1986 with the new laws, it made the execution of this kind of project possible. ''Ecogenesis'' is a process where ecosystems are recreated as biotic compensation for development impacts through landscape solutions.

	=== Which research questions does it generate? ===		=== Which research questions does it generate? ===

Asjuliana: /* Points of success and limitations */

2009-01-30T17:39:50Z

Points of success and limitations

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	=== Points of success and limitations ===		=== Points of success and limitations ===

	* ~~'''Success'''~~: The Flora was successful ~~re-established into~~ the park through the process of substitution called ecogenesis. Moreover the local social problem was solved – the illegal inhabitants were relocated to a ~~relative near~~ area.		* Successes: The Flora was successful in reestablishing the park through the process of substitution called ecogenesis. Moreover the local social problem was solved – the illegal inhabitants were relocated to a relatively nearby area.

	* ~~'''~~Limitations~~'''~~: Although the relocation of the people that occupied ~~illegally~~ the area represented a barrier, the main difficulty during the project was to find native species in the market.		* Limitations: Although the relocation of the people that occupied the area illegally represented a barrier, the main difficulty during the project was to find native species in the market.

	* '''Future limitations''': The park must be conserved; it is difficult in a place with so many social, economical and political problems. The Nature is not taken as an important thing.
	~~In Brazil the idea of conservationism is still new and the most of people, that hasn’t a good education, cannot understand the importance of this~~.

			* Future limitations: The park must be conserved; it is difficult in a place with so many social, economical and political problems. Too often, nature is not considered important or relevant.
			In Brazil the idea of conservationism is still new and most people who are not well-educated cannot understand the importance of environmental conservation.

	=== What can be generalized from this case study? ===		=== What can be generalized from this case study? ===

Asjuliana: /* Peer reviews or critique */

2009-01-30T17:37:25Z

Peer reviews or critique

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	[[Image:Contemporary_cover.jpg\|thumb\|300px\|left\|Book "Contemporary Garden Aesthetics, Creations and Interpretations"]]		[[Image:Contemporary_cover.jpg\|thumb\|300px\|left\|Book "Contemporary Garden Aesthetics, Creations and Interpretations"]]

	* Has the area/ project/plan been reviewed by academic or professional reviewers? What were their main evaluations?		* Has the area/project/plan been reviewed by academic or professional reviewers? What were their main evaluations?

	The work of Fernando Chacel was deeply analyzed by the landscape architect Peter Jacobs (fellow of the American Society of Landscape Architects and professor of the University of Montreal) in the book “Contemporary Garden Aesthetics, Creations and Interpretations” (Conan, Harvard University Press, 2007) and in the magazine Landscape Architecture of May 2006. Chacel’s work is ~~intensively~~ praised because the ecological focus in the innovative idea of ecogenesis. The integration of ~~the~~ spreading city with more than 600 favelas (informal housing settlements) with its imposing nature is also a Chacel’s challenge that is recognized with admiration.		The work of Fernando Chacel was deeply analyzed by the landscape architect Peter Jacobs (fellow of the American Society of Landscape Architects and professor of the University of Montreal) in the book “Contemporary Garden Aesthetics, Creations and Interpretations” (Conan, Harvard University Press, 2007) and in the magazine Landscape Architecture of May 2006. Chacel’s work is intensely praised because the ecological focus in the innovative idea of ecogenesis. The integration of a spreading city with more than 600 favelas (informal housing settlements) with its imposing nature is also Chacel’s challenge that is recognized with admiration.
	The magazine “Folia” is also a landscape architecture magazine from ~~Italia~~ that had ~~in April 2000~~ an article about Chacel’s work.		The magazine “Folia” is also a landscape architecture magazine from Italy that had an article about Chacel’s work in April 2000.

	=== Points of success and limitations ===		=== Points of success and limitations ===

Asjuliana: /* Future development directions */

2009-01-30T17:35:59Z

Future development directions

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	* Are there any future goals?		* Are there any future goals?

	The main goal of the park is to educate ~~the~~ people ~~with the~~ environmental principles. The future goals are to keep the park ~~as it is~~, protected from future new occupations, preserved, conserved in a good condition and naturally providing environmental education for the visitors.		The main goal of the park is to educate people about environmental principles. The future goals are to keep the park's status quo, to keep the park protected from future new occupations, to keep the park preserved, conserved in a good condition and naturally providing environmental education for the visitors.

	=== Peer reviews or critique ===		=== Peer reviews or critique ===