Group N - Collaborative Climate Adaption Project - Revision history

Aoshiro: /* Proposals for Climate Change Mitigation */

2013-02-08T13:14:25Z

Proposals for Climate Change Mitigation

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	'''* Expand green spaces in urban area:'''		'''* Expand green spaces in urban area:'''
	A compact urban structure creates opportunities for more efficient use of land and natural resources, saving space for green areas and sustainable uses.		A compact urban structure creates opportunities for more efficient use of land and natural resources, saving space for green areas and sustainable uses.
	~~[[File:Helsinki green fingers.jpg]]~~

	~~Helsinki green fingers.[http://www.kirjavasatama.fi/pdf/southharbour_greenareassystem_helsinki.pdf]~~

	[[File:Helsinki green structure.jpg]]		[[File:Helsinki green structure.jpg]]

Aoshiro: /* Rationale: Why have you selected this case study area? */

2013-02-08T13:13:07Z

Rationale: Why have you selected this case study area?

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	* Finland is a pioneer in implementation of climate adaptation policies (since 2005). We believe that the study of Helsinki and metropolitan area can bring us valuable examples of how to create and support effective strategies.		* Finland is a pioneer in implementation of climate adaptation policies (since 2005). We believe that the study of Helsinki and metropolitan area can bring us valuable examples of how to create and support effective strategies.
	* There are already some adaptation actions happening on local level and that could be a good example to follow and help other cities in similar situation.		* There are already some adaptation actions happening on local level and that could be a good example to follow and help other cities in similar situation.

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	=== Authors' perspectives ===		=== Authors' perspectives ===

Aoshiro: /* Authors' perspectives */

2013-02-08T13:12:57Z

Authors' perspectives

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	* There are many places and people who will face serious problems related to adaptation capacity to Climate Change. Most of them in developing countries have no or few conditions to invest in research and adaptive actions. Anlysis of successful cases can help us to elaborate more effective projects and strategies, as the impacts of Climate Change will be felt differently according to each case.		* There are many places and people who will face serious problems related to adaptation capacity to Climate Change. Most of them in developing countries have no or few conditions to invest in research and adaptive actions. Anlysis of successful cases can help us to elaborate more effective projects and strategies, as the impacts of Climate Change will be felt differently according to each case.

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	=== Landscape and/or urban context===		=== Landscape and/or urban context===

Aoshiro: /* Landscape and/or urban context */

2013-02-08T13:12:22Z

Landscape and/or urban context

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	[[File:Helsinki area-aog.jpg]]		[[File:Helsinki area-aog.jpg]]
	* Green areas cover around 40% of the region. 20% of the surface is reserved for residential buildings, other buildings account for 13%, and a bit more than 20% is reserved for traffic. Urban Parks like the Helsinki Central Park and more 6 “Green Fingers” are important functional, ecological and esthetical areas for residents.		* Green areas cover around 40% of the region. 20% of the surface is reserved for residential buildings, other buildings account for 13%, and a bit more than 20% is reserved for traffic. Urban Parks like the Helsinki Central Park and more 6 “Green Fingers” are important functional, ecological and esthetical areas for residents.
	[[File:Helsinki green ~~structure~~.jpg]][http://www.kirjavasatama.fi/pdf/southharbour_greenareassystem_helsinki.pdf]		[[File:Helsinki green fingers.jpg]][http://www.kirjavasatama.fi/pdf/southharbour_greenareassystem_helsinki.pdf]
	* Because of the climate, agricultural development is limited to maintaining self-sufficiency in basic products. Forestry, an important export earner, provides a secondary occupation for the rural population.		* Because of the climate, agricultural development is limited to maintaining self-sufficiency in basic products. Forestry, an important export earner, provides a secondary occupation for the rural population.
	* Helsinki is a leader in energy efficiency and ranks in 7th place in the European Green City Index.[http://www.siemens.com/entry/cc/features/urbanization_development/all/en/pdf/report_en.pdf]		* Helsinki is a leader in energy efficiency and ranks in 7th place in the European Green City Index.[http://www.siemens.com/entry/cc/features/urbanization_development/all/en/pdf/report_en.pdf]

Aoshiro: /* Landscape and/or urban context */

2013-02-08T13:11:21Z

Landscape and/or urban context

Aoshiro: /* Cultural/social/political context */

2013-02-08T13:07:09Z

Cultural/social/political context

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	The execution of a decision is handled by the proper department or City Group company according to each matter.		The execution of a decision is handled by the proper department or City Group company according to each matter.
	Helsinki citizens are encouraged to participate and influence the decision makers of the city.		Helsinki citizens are encouraged to participate and influence the decision makers of the city.

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	=== Local Climate ===		=== Local Climate ===

Aoshiro: /* Cultural/social/political context */

2013-02-08T13:06:54Z

Cultural/social/political context

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	General Education and Early Childhood care are promoted for Helsinki’s residents, as well as Higher Education and Research institutions.		General Education and Early Childhood care are promoted for Helsinki’s residents, as well as Higher Education and Research institutions.
	Helsinki is a fast growing metropolitan area and its foreign-born population is growing rapidly. Housing construction and development of new areas for housing are main priorities. The city aims at 5,000 new housing units per year, and offers many alternatives of housing to suit different lifestyles and life situations.		Helsinki is a fast growing metropolitan area and its foreign-born population is growing rapidly. Housing construction and development of new areas for housing are main priorities. The city aims at 5,000 new housing units per year, and offers many alternatives of housing to suit different lifestyles and life situations.
	~~Employment in the service sector~~ is ~~higher than in~~ the ~~whole country. Information technology, logistics, business~~ services, high-~~tech industries as well as education~~ and ~~research are major employers~~ in ~~the region~~.		Helsinki’s economy is dominated by the services sector, with a high concentration of jobs in infor-mation technology and the public sector. This area is the richest in Finland, representing 30% of national GDP (gross domestic product).

Aoshiro: /* Local Climate */

2013-02-08T13:05:12Z

Local Climate

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	=== Local Climate ===		=== Local Climate ===
	*The whole Helsinki area has a semiboreal humid continental climate with both continental and oceanic characters. Although the far northern location might indicate some very low temperatures, because of Baltic Sea and the Gulf Stream, these are pretty high, with the average in January and February around -5 °C.
	[[File:Helsinki climate.png]][http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Helsinki_climate.png]		[[File:Helsinki climate.png]][http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Helsinki_climate.png]
			* The region has large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold) winters.

	* ~~Extreme temperatures – minus 20~~ °C – occur ~~rather rare,~~ a week or two in year~~, mostly in the coldest month of the year February, with an average temperature of -6,6 °C~~.		* Temperature in January and February is around −5 °C, rates below −20 °C occur a week or two in a year.

	* ~~The hottest month is July~~, ~~with an average temperature~~ of ~~17,2 °C, when also temperatures over 30 °C might be possible~~.		* Days last less than six hours around the winter solstice with low sun rays, and the very cloudy weather at this time of year accentuates the darkness.

	* ~~Average~~ temperature ~~around the whole year is 4,8~~ °C ~~and the yearly amount of precipitation is about 689 mm (the most rainy month is January, about 73 mm and the driest March – 36 mm)~~.		* For amost 2 months in Winter people in Helsinki have to deal with temperature like – minus 10 °C.

	* The ~~first snow falls in the middle of November, but a persistent layer of snow~~ is ~~only from December until march available~~.		* The average maximum temperature from June to August is around 19 to 28 °C.

	*~~Because of~~ the ~~geographical position~~, ~~days last less than six hours around~~ the ~~winter solstice with really low sun rays,~~ and the ~~very cloudy weather at this time of year accentuates the darkness~~. ~~Conversely, Helsinki enjoys long days~~ in ~~summer~~, ~~close to nineteen hours around~~ the ~~summer solstice~~.		* Due to the marine effect, in the summer daily temperatures are cooler and night temperatures are higher than in the mainland. As near as in Vantaa, the climate is more continental, with warmer summers and colder winters.

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	=== Analysis of vulnerability ===		=== Analysis of vulnerability ===

Aoshiro: /* Analysis of vulnerability */

2013-02-08T12:56:50Z

Analysis of vulnerability

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	* Citizens are very dependent of electricity because of the city’s cold climate and the high standard of living.		* Citizens are very dependent of electricity because of the city’s cold climate and the high standard of living.
	* Food security & Fresh water availability - Transport, storage, distribution and access to healthy food and provision of fresh water can be affected.		* Food security & Fresh water availability - Transport, storage, distribution and access to healthy food and provision of fresh water can be affected.

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	=== Proposals for Climate Change Adaption ===		=== Proposals for Climate Change Adaption ===

Aoshiro: /* Proposals for Climate Change Adaption */

2013-02-08T12:56:25Z

Proposals for Climate Change Adaption

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	[http://www.hsy.fi/JULIA2030/EN/PROJECT/Pages/default.aspx]		[http://www.hsy.fi/JULIA2030/EN/PROJECT/Pages/default.aspx]

	* '''Helsinki Metropolitan Area Climate Change Adaptation Strategy.''' The cities of the Helsinki Metropolitan Area Helsinki, Espoo, Vantaa and Kauniainen, HSY and other regional actors have prepared a joint regional strategy for adapting to climate change. The preparation work started in 2009 and was co-ordinated by HSY.		* '''Helsinki Metropolitan Area Climate Change Adaptation Strategy.''' The cities of the Helsinki Metropolitan Area Helsinki, Espoo, Vantaa and Kauniainen, HSY and other regional actors have prepared a joint regional strategy for adapting to climate change. The preparation work started in 2009 and was co-ordinated by HSY. [http://www.hsy.fi/tietoahsy/Documents/Julkaisut/11_2012_Helsinki_Metropolitan_Area_Climate_Change_Adaptation_Strategy.pdf]
	[http://www.hsy.fi/tietoahsy/Documents/Julkaisut/11_2012_Helsinki_Metropolitan_Area_Climate_Change_Adaptation_Strategy.pdf]

	* '''Food for Tomorrow''' - Proposal for Finland's National Food Strategy		* '''Food for Tomorrow''' - Proposal for Finland's National Food Strategy [http://www.mmm.fi/attachments/mmm/julkaisut/muutjulkaisut/5vTnoB8sh/Ruokastrategia_eng.pdf]
	[http://www.mmm.fi/attachments/mmm/julkaisut/muutjulkaisut/5vTnoB8sh/Ruokastrategia_eng.pdf]

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← Older revision		Revision as of 13:11, 8 February 2013
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	* The metropolitan area involves also the cities, Espoo, Vantaa and Kauniainen, covering around 745 sq. km, with a total population of approximately one million. Only in Helsinki live 602,200 people, making it by far the most populous city in Finland. Therefore it has a density of 2,800 inhabitants per sq.km, which is relatively low in comparison with other European capitals (e.g. London: 5,206/sq.km; Stockholm: 4,600/sq.km; Brussels: 7,025/sq.km).		* The metropolitan area involves also the cities, Espoo, Vantaa and Kauniainen, covering around 745 sq. km, with a total population of approximately one million. Only in Helsinki live 602,200 people, making it by far the most populous city in Finland. Therefore it has a density of 2,800 inhabitants per sq.km, which is relatively low in comparison with other European capitals (e.g. London: 5,206/sq.km; Stockholm: 4,600/sq.km; Brussels: 7,025/sq.km).
	[[File:Helsinki area-aog.jpg]]		[[File:Helsinki area-aog.jpg]]
	* Economy in this area is dominated by the services sector, with high concentration of jobs in information technology and the public sector.		* Green areas cover around 40% of the region. 20% of the surface is reserved for residential buildings, other buildings account for 13%, and a bit more than 20% is reserved for traffic. Urban Parks like the Helsinki Central Park and more 6 “Green Fingers” are important functional, ecological and esthetical areas for residents.
	* Green areas ~~in Helsinki~~ cover around 40% of the ~~land~~. 20% of the surface is reserved for residential buildings, other buildings account for 13%, and ~~around one fifth~~ is for traffic.
	[[File:Helsinki green structure.jpg]][http://www.kirjavasatama.fi/pdf/southharbour_greenareassystem_helsinki.pdf]		[[File:Helsinki green structure.jpg]][http://www.kirjavasatama.fi/pdf/southharbour_greenareassystem_helsinki.pdf]
			* Because of the climate, agricultural development is limited to maintaining self-sufficiency in basic products. Forestry, an important export earner, provides a secondary occupation for the rural population.
	* Helsinki is a leader in energy efficiency and ranks in 7th place in the European Green City Index.[http://www.siemens.com/entry/cc/features/urbanization_development/all/en/pdf/report_en.pdf]		* Helsinki is a leader in energy efficiency and ranks in 7th place in the European Green City Index.[http://www.siemens.com/entry/cc/features/urbanization_development/all/en/pdf/report_en.pdf]
	However, because of its high carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and energy consumption, ranks in 11th among the 30 studied cities with a rate of 6 tons CO2/person, above the average 5tons. This is a result of the high need for heating buildings and rising energy consumption.		However, because of its high carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and energy consumption, ranks in 11th among the 30 studied cities with a rate of 6 tons CO2/person, above the average 5tons. This is a result of the high need for heating buildings and rising energy consumption.
	* The ~~diverse~~ public transport system consists of trams, commuter rail, the subway, bus and ferry lines. ~~Its network is the shortest in Europe. However, the~~ city ~~ranks first with regard to~~ the ~~length of its~~ cycling network, and is a leader in green transport promotion.		* The public transport system is highly integrated and consists of trams, commuter rail, the subway, bus lines and ferry lines. The city provide the longest cycling network, and is a leader in green transport promotion.
	* Infrastructure: Since the 1960s, Helsinki has benefited from underground construction. The region is well suited to rock construction because its bedrock is hard and near the surface. In a dense urban structure, many functions are placed underground (industry parks, traffic system, sevices networks, recreation facilities, etc), near existent infrastructure.		* Infrastructure: Since the 1960s, Helsinki has benefited from underground construction. The region is well suited to rock construction because its bedrock is hard and near the surface. In a dense urban structure, many functions are placed underground (industry parks, traffic system, sevices networks, recreation facilities, etc), near existent infrastructure.
	[[File:Helsinki undergroung.png]]		[[File:Helsinki undergroung.png]]
	[http://www.hel2.fi/ksv/julkaisut/esitteet/esite_2009-8_en.pdf]		[http://www.hel2.fi/ksv/julkaisut/esitteet/esite_2009-8_en.pdf]

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	=== Cultural/social/political context===		=== Cultural/social/political context===