Wikienfk5 - User contributions [en]

Landscape Democracy 2015 Working Group B - Case Study 5

2015-11-28T22:27:59Z

Zmire Ana: /* Rationale: Why have you chosen this case for the landscape and democracy seminar? */

---> back to group page [[Landscape_Democracy_2015_-_Working_Group_B|working group B]]

'''''Stari Grad Plain on the island of Hvar'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Place name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Stari Grad Plain''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Island of Hvar''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Croatia''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ana Žmire''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Starogradsko.jpg|300px]]
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Grad_polje.JPG|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=43.183770
|lng=16.628439
|zoom=8
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why have you chosen this case for the landscape and democracy seminar? ==
Stari Grad Plain on the Adriatic island of Hvar is a cultural landscape that has remained practically intact since it was first colonized by Ionian Greeks from Paros in the 4th century BC. The original agricultural activity of this fertile plain, mainly centring on grapes and olives, has been maintained since Greek times to the present. The site is also a natural reserve. The landscape features ancient stone walls and trims, or small stone shelters, and bears testimony to the ancient geometrical system of land division used by the ancient Greeks, the chora which has remained virtually intact over 24 centuries.

Its land organisation system, based on geometrical parcels with dry stone wall boundaries (chora), is exemplary. This system was completed from the very first by a rainwater recovery system involving the use of tanks and gutters.

The Greek cadastral system has been fully respected during the continuous agricultural use of the plain, based on the same crops. This system is today perfectly identifiable, and has changed very little. Stari Grad Plain forms an agricultural and land use ensemble of great integrity. The authenticity of the Greek land division system known as chora is clearly in evidence throughout the plain. The built structures of the stone walls are authentic, with the same basic dry stone wall materials being used and reused since the foundation by the Greeks.

Stari Grad plain was inscribed on the UNESCO List of World Heritage sites in 2008.

== Representation of your observations ==
* you are basically free to use one or a mix of different presentation techniques
* possibilities are: analytical drawings, graphical representations, collages, video clips, comic/graphic novel, written essay/visual essay
* please add any visual material to the gallery, videos can be placed below, you may add text as you like

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|case representation
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|case representation
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|case representation
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|case representation
</gallery>

== Reflection ==
=== What are the major challenges for changing the situation? ===
=== What could be a starting point for democractically-based change? ===

*Please add approx. 150 words for each questions

== References ==

[http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1240] UNESCO

----
[[Category:Landscape Democracy Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Landscape Democracy 2015 Working Group B - Case Study 5

2015-11-28T22:12:22Z

Zmire Ana:

---> back to group page [[Landscape_Democracy_2015_-_Working_Group_B|working group B]]

'''''Stari Grad Plain on the island of Hvar'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Place name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Stari Grad Plain''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Island of Hvar''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Croatia''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ana Žmire''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Starogradsko.jpg|300px]]
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Grad_polje.JPG|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=43.183770
|lng=16.628439
|zoom=8
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why have you chosen this case for the landscape and democracy seminar? ==
Stari Grad Plain on the Adriatic island of Hvar is a cultural landscape that has remained practically intact since it was first colonized by Ionian Greeks from Paros in the 4th century BC. The original agricultural activity of this fertile plain, mainly centring on grapes and olives, has been maintained since Greek times to the present. The site is also a natural reserve. The landscape features ancient stone walls and trims, or small stone shelters, and bears testimony to the ancient geometrical system of land division used by the ancient Greeks, the chora which has remained virtually intact over 24 centuries.

== Representation of your observations ==
* you are basically free to use one or a mix of different presentation techniques
* possibilities are: analytical drawings, graphical representations, collages, video clips, comic/graphic novel, written essay/visual essay
* please add any visual material to the gallery, videos can be placed below, you may add text as you like

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|case representation
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|case representation
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|case representation
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|case representation
</gallery>

== Reflection ==
=== What are the major challenges for changing the situation? ===
=== What could be a starting point for democractically-based change? ===

*Please add approx. 150 words for each questions

== References ==

[http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1240] UNESCO

----
[[Category:Landscape Democracy Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

File:Grad polje.JPG

2015-11-28T22:11:08Z

Zmire Ana: https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/datastore.bazzar.hr/ads/87190/decfdb5de95479f889c8421bc1569951.JPG

https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/datastore.bazzar.hr/ads/87190/decfdb5de95479f889c8421bc1569951.JPG

Landscape Democracy 2015 - Working Group B

2015-11-17T18:36:58Z

Zmire Ana: /* Working Group B - Case Study 5 */

--> Back to [[Working_Groups_Seminar_Landscape Democracy 2015|working group overview]]

''Dear working group members. This is your group page and you will be completing the template gradually as we move through the seminar. Each member has an individual page for documenting his/her personal case. Good luck and enjoy your collaboration!
''

== Assignment 2 - Concept Mapping of Seminar Topics ==
*''You can read more details about this assignment [[Landscape_and_Democracy_Assignment_2:_Concept_Mapping_of_Seminar_Topics|here]]''
*''Please add your concept maps here by replacing the dummy image. Your map needs to have a new file name:''

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:yourconceptmap.jpg|''Concept map 1 - Theme context:Policy frameworks, laws and resolutions''
Image:yourconceptmap.jpg|''Concept map 2 - Theme context:Landscape Concepts''
Image:yourconceptmap.jpg|''Concept map 3 - Theme context:Participation Discourse and Concepts''
Image:yourconceptmap.jpg|''Concept map 4 - Theme context:Group Synthesis of the three themes''
</gallery>

== Assignment 3 - Landscape Democracy Cases in your Environment ==

*'''Assigned: Tuesday, October 27'''
*'''Due: Monday, November 30'''

''There is one template page for each group member. You can read more about the assignment [[Landscape_and_Democracy_Assignment_3:_Landscape_democracy_cases_in_your_environment|here]] ''

=== [[Landscape Democracy 2015 Working Group B - Case Study 1|Working Group B - Case Study 1]] ===

=== [[Landscape Democracy 2015 Working Group B - Case Study 2|Working Group B - Case Study 2]] ===

=== [[Landscape Democracy 2015 Working Group B - Case Study 3|Working Group B - Case Study 3]] ===

=== [[Landscape Democracy 2015 Working Group B - Case Study 4|Working Group B - Case Study 4]] ===

=== [[Landscape Democracy 2015 Working Group B - Case Study 5|Stari Grad Plain on the island of Hvar]] ===

=== Presentation Slides Assignment 3 ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:groupB_slide1.JPG|slide 1
Image:groupB_slide2.JPG|slide 2
Image:groupB_slide3.JPG|slide 3
Image:groupB_slide4.JPG|slide 4
Image:groupB_slide5.JPG|slide 5
</gallery>

== Assignment 4 - Landscape and Democracy: Collaborative Project ==

*'''Assigned: Tuesday, December 1'''
*'''Due: Tuesday, January 25'''

* Your case study templates will be extended with additional sectionsn for documenting a change model
* You can read more about the assignment [[Landscape_and_Democracy:_Collaborative_Project|here]]

=== Presentation Slides Collaborative Design ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:groupB_slide1.JPG|slide 1
Image:groupB_slide2.JPG|slide 2
Image:groupB_slide3.JPG|slide 3
Image:groupB_slide4.JPG|slide 4
Image:groupB_slide5.JPG|slide 5
</gallery>

----

[[Category: Landscape Democracy 2015 Working Group]]

Landscape Democracy 2015 Working Group B - Case Study 5

2015-11-17T18:30:08Z

Zmire Ana:

---> back to group page [[Landscape_Democracy_2015_-_Working_Group_B|working group B]]

'''''Stari Grad Plain on the island of Hvar'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Place name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Stari Grad Plain''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Island of Hvar''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Croatia''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ana Žmire''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Starogradsko.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=43.183770
|lng=16.628439
|zoom=8
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why have you chosen this case for the landscape and democracy seminar? ==
Stari Grad Plain on the Adriatic island of Hvar is a cultural landscape that has remained practically intact since it was first colonized by Ionian Greeks from Paros in the 4th century BC. The original agricultural activity of this fertile plain, mainly centring on grapes and olives, has been maintained since Greek times to the present. The site is also a natural reserve. The landscape features ancient stone walls and trims, or small stone shelters, and bears testimony to the ancient geometrical system of land division used by the ancient Greeks, the chora which has remained virtually intact over 24 centuries.

== Representation of your observations ==
* you are basically free to use one or a mix of different presentation techniques
* possibilities are: analytical drawings, graphical representations, collages, video clips, comic/graphic novel, written essay/visual essay
* please add any visual material to the gallery, videos can be placed below, you may add text as you like

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|case representation
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|case representation
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|case representation
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|case representation
</gallery>

== Reflection ==
=== What are the major challenges for changing the situation? ===
=== What could be a starting point for democractically-based change? ===

*Please add approx. 150 words for each questions

== References ==

[http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1240] UNESCO

----
[[Category:Landscape Democracy Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

File:Starogradsko.jpg

2015-11-17T18:23:56Z

Zmire Ana: Zmire Ana uploaded a new version of "File:Starogradsko.jpg"

File:Starogradsko.jpg

2015-11-17T18:20:13Z

Zmire Ana:

Landscape Democracy 2015 Working Group B - Case Study 5

2015-11-17T17:53:12Z

Zmire Ana:

---> back to group page [[Landscape_Democracy_2015_-_Working_Group_B|working group B]]

'''''Stari Grad Plain on the island of Hvar'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Place name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Stari Grad Plain''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Island of Hvar''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Croatia''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ana Žmire''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Moa.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=43.183770
|lng=16.628439
|zoom=8
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why have you chosen this case for the landscape and democracy seminar? ==
Stari Grad Plain on the Adriatic island of Hvar is a cultural landscape that has remained practically intact since it was first colonized by Ionian Greeks from Paros in the 4th century BC. The original agricultural activity of this fertile plain, mainly centring on grapes and olives, has been maintained since Greek times to the present. The site is also a natural reserve. The landscape features ancient stone walls and trims, or small stone shelters, and bears testimony to the ancient geometrical system of land division used by the ancient Greeks, the chora which has remained virtually intact over 24 centuries.

== Representation of your observations ==
* you are basically free to use one or a mix of different presentation techniques
* possibilities are: analytical drawings, graphical representations, collages, video clips, comic/graphic novel, written essay/visual essay
* please add any visual material to the gallery, videos can be placed below, you may add text as you like

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|case representation
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|case representation
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|case representation
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|case representation
</gallery>

== Reflection ==
=== What are the major challenges for changing the situation? ===
=== What could be a starting point for democractically-based change? ===

*Please add approx. 150 words for each questions

== References ==

[http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1240] UNESCO

----
[[Category:Landscape Democracy Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Landscape Democracy 2015 Working Group B - Case Study 5

2015-11-17T17:52:47Z

Zmire Ana:

---> back to group page [[Landscape_Democracy_2015_-_Working_Group_B|working group B]]

'''''Stari Grad Plain on the island of Hvar'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Place name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Stari Grad Plain''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Island of Hvar''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Croatia''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ana Žmire''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Moa.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=43.183770
|lng=16.628439
|zoom=12
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why have you chosen this case for the landscape and democracy seminar? ==
Stari Grad Plain on the Adriatic island of Hvar is a cultural landscape that has remained practically intact since it was first colonized by Ionian Greeks from Paros in the 4th century BC. The original agricultural activity of this fertile plain, mainly centring on grapes and olives, has been maintained since Greek times to the present. The site is also a natural reserve. The landscape features ancient stone walls and trims, or small stone shelters, and bears testimony to the ancient geometrical system of land division used by the ancient Greeks, the chora which has remained virtually intact over 24 centuries.

== Representation of your observations ==
* you are basically free to use one or a mix of different presentation techniques
* possibilities are: analytical drawings, graphical representations, collages, video clips, comic/graphic novel, written essay/visual essay
* please add any visual material to the gallery, videos can be placed below, you may add text as you like

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|case representation
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|case representation
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|case representation
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|case representation
</gallery>

== Reflection ==
=== What are the major challenges for changing the situation? ===
=== What could be a starting point for democractically-based change? ===

*Please add approx. 150 words for each questions

== References ==

[http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1240] UNESCO

----
[[Category:Landscape Democracy Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Landscape Democracy 2015 Working Group B - Case Study 5

2015-11-17T17:19:55Z

Zmire Ana: /* References */

---> back to group page [[Landscape_Democracy_2015_-_Working_Group_B|working group B]]

'''''Stari Grad Plain on the island of Hvar'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Place name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Stari Grad Plain''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Island of Hvar''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Croatia''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ana Žmire''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Moa.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=71.295556
|lng=-156.766389
|zoom=8
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why have you chosen this case for the landscape and democracy seminar? ==
Stari Grad Plain on the Adriatic island of Hvar is a cultural landscape that has remained practically intact since it was first colonized by Ionian Greeks from Paros in the 4th century BC. The original agricultural activity of this fertile plain, mainly centring on grapes and olives, has been maintained since Greek times to the present. The site is also a natural reserve. The landscape features ancient stone walls and trims, or small stone shelters, and bears testimony to the ancient geometrical system of land division used by the ancient Greeks, the chora which has remained virtually intact over 24 centuries.

== Representation of your observations ==
* you are basically free to use one or a mix of different presentation techniques
* possibilities are: analytical drawings, graphical representations, collages, video clips, comic/graphic novel, written essay/visual essay
* please add any visual material to the gallery, videos can be placed below, you may add text as you like

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|case representation
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|case representation
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|case representation
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|case representation
</gallery>

== Reflection ==
=== What are the major challenges for changing the situation? ===
=== What could be a starting point for democractically-based change? ===

*Please add approx. 150 words for each questions

== References ==

[http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1240] UNESCO

----
[[Category:Landscape Democracy Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Landscape Democracy 2015 Working Group B - Case Study 5

2015-11-17T17:15:12Z

Zmire Ana:

---> back to group page [[Landscape_Democracy_2015_-_Working_Group_B|working group B]]

'''''Stari Grad Plain on the island of Hvar'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Place name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Stari Grad Plain''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Island of Hvar''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Croatia''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ana Žmire''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Moa.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=71.295556
|lng=-156.766389
|zoom=8
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why have you chosen this case for the landscape and democracy seminar? ==
Stari Grad Plain on the Adriatic island of Hvar is a cultural landscape that has remained practically intact since it was first colonized by Ionian Greeks from Paros in the 4th century BC. The original agricultural activity of this fertile plain, mainly centring on grapes and olives, has been maintained since Greek times to the present. The site is also a natural reserve. The landscape features ancient stone walls and trims, or small stone shelters, and bears testimony to the ancient geometrical system of land division used by the ancient Greeks, the chora which has remained virtually intact over 24 centuries.

== Representation of your observations ==
* you are basically free to use one or a mix of different presentation techniques
* possibilities are: analytical drawings, graphical representations, collages, video clips, comic/graphic novel, written essay/visual essay
* please add any visual material to the gallery, videos can be placed below, you may add text as you like

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|case representation
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|case representation
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|case representation
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|case representation
</gallery>

== Reflection ==
=== What are the major challenges for changing the situation? ===
=== What could be a starting point for democractically-based change? ===

*Please add approx. 150 words for each questions

== References ==
''* Please make sure that you give proper references of all external resources used.''

''* Do not use images of which you do not hold the copyright.''

''* Please add internet links to other resources if necessary.''

----
[[Category:Landscape Democracy Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group L - Case Study 1

2015-01-29T10:55:33Z

Zmire Ana: /* Landscape and/or urban context of your case */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_L|working group L]]

'''''Green Infrastructure potential of Zagreb'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''GI potential of Zagreb''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Croatia''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Zagreb''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ana Žmire''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Zagreb.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=45.789587
|lng=15.979511
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==
Due to the rapid growth of habitants in the past 100 years natural areas have been pushed out of the city of Zagreb and they were replaced with building blocks with no good quality open green areas. In 1899 a decision to regulate the flow of the Sava River resulted in taking the river away from city’s habitants.

Great potential for green infrastructure in Zagreb lies in so called green fingers that along with streams descend into the city. Unfortunately, most of the streams were channelized and covered and green fingers are rapidly being destroyed due to the city’s growth.

The main goal of this case study is to explore the possibility of connecting what is left of the green fingers and streams, through a network of corridors and patches of green infrastructure elements, embedded into the urban matrix, to the Sava River, as well as to propose a solution of returning the river to the citizens of Zagreb giving the use to its forgotten banks.

== Author's perspective ==
As a graduate student of landscape architecture it is hard to watch forgotten open spaces together with the ones that are getting more and more neglected each day. This is especially the case of the Sava River that is “imprisoned” between two embankments along with its vast space that has a great potential but no use.

My major interest is in landscape planning and implementation of landscape ecology principles in order to harmonize development and protection, in a way that follows the principles of sustainable development to meet the needs of present and future generations. I am also interested in sustainable water management and replacing gray infrastructure with green solutions that would heal our streams and rivers.

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

Zagreb is the administrative, economic, cultural, and scientific center of the Republic of Croatian. It developed on the southern slopes of the Medvednica Mountain, north of the Sava River, from two neighboring settlements, Gradec and Kaptol, which form the historic center of Zagreb.

'''Climate'''

Zagreb’s climate is temperate continental. Summers are hot and dry with average temperatures of 20 ° C, while winters are cold with average temperatures of 1 ° C. The highest rainfall is in the late spring, early summer and autumn, and least in the winter and early spring. There are no extremely dry or wet periods.

'''Location'''

Favorable geographic position in the southwestern corner of the Pannonian Plain, between the Alpine, Dinaric, Adriatic and Pannonian regions, is the cause that Zagreb is located at a junction of roads between Central and Southeastern Europe and the Adriatic Sea.
Specificity of Zagreb’s position is determined by three valuable natural entities:

• the Medvednica Mountain in the north, which together with mountains in the west and in the south form the green frame around Zagreb

• the river basin of Sava River that is rich in water, water surfaces and valuable arable land

• and the Sava River.

'''Development'''

Unlike most central European cities Zagreb did not develop on the coastal terrace of its river, but at the foothills of the Medvednica Mountain, that provided protection from river flooding among other things. In the past 100 years, although belonging to smaller European cities, Zagreb experienced one of its biggest expansions with an increase in population from 40,000 to 800,000 inhabitants.
Development and expansion of the Lower Town and villages in the valley of the Sava River, during the second half of the 19th century, was restrictive due to the unregulated river that became one of the main limiting factors of the intense transformation of the Sava floodplain. Especially in the urban municipalities south of the railway where new residential areas were rapidly growing, influenced by the arrival of the railway (1862) and the initial stages of industrialization.

A historic decision of regulating the Sava River through Zagreb in 1899 completely changed the conditions of city’s development and in the 1950s directed it, with raising new residential areas, south of the Sava River.

'''Medvednica Mountain'''

Zagreb is one of the few European capitals that have a Nature Park in its immediate vicinity as big as as Medvednica Mountain. Most of which (17 938 ha) was declared a Nature Park in 1981, in an attempt to protect its values. In addition to a high ecological significance, given the relief, climate and vegetation, for the life of the inhabitants of Zagreb, it also represents an important forest and recreational space. The forests of Medvednica descend almost to the very center of Zagreb, and besides peace and greenery, it is rich in diverse wildlife. Unregulated building gradually consumed forests that were spreading towards and through the city, severing them from the homogeneous whole and disturbing its natural balance.

Medvednica Mountain is also rich in streams that descend from it and pass through Zagreb towards the Sava river. Although they have modest capacity, many of them supply smaller settlements with water and are a part of the city’s water supply system. There are 45 streams, but only 17 of them are open channeled and the other 28 covered with city’s urban tissue. In the past these streams were open and had a high environmental value, especially during the humid summers, as well as the economic and social value because they were the generators of social and economic life (baths, mills, factories). Because little or no awareness streams have gradually become a source of major hygienic problems and due to lack of maintenance flooding has become more frequent. Most of the streams today flow through channels, beneath the city, that were planned in 1930s and the rest that maintained open create spaces of questionable quality.

'''Sava River'''

Until 1899 when a decision to regulate the river was made, Sava River was a tangle of smaller streams and tributaries whose position constantly changed and after 1899 the river bed as we know it today was constructed. Frequent floods sometimes spread all the way to the historic city center, destroying everything in its path and causing major damage.
As a part of the regulation the old oxbows had to be filled, river banks of the main flow needed to be determined, the depth of the riverbed equalized in order to enable sailing and ensure better drainage of high waters, and protective embankments built on both sides of the river.

The existing flood defense system is designed in such a way that the most of the Sava’s high waters pass through the city of Zagreb. Flood zone extends 100 m along both sides of the 100 m wide riverbed and is bordered by dikes. The excess water, which cannot pass through the city, is directed into the Sava-Odra channel and further into the Odra field.
By 2003, several concepts of Zagreb on the Sava River were developed, but all included high waters passing through the city. Newest concept that was developed in 2013, and unlike the previous, proposes redirection of high waters past the City of Zagreb through the Sava - Sava channel.

Despite the many concepts that tried to return the river to city’s inhabitants, questions like - What should be the use for that unused green belt along the river? Residential, commercial, or "natural"? - remain unanswered.

<gallery caption= widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:3_1.jpg|Sava River with the Medvednica Mountain in the background
Image:3_2.jpg|Green fingers descending from the Medvednica Mountain beeing destroyed by housing development
Image:3_3.jpg|Sava River
Image:Sava_-_Odra.jpg|Sava - Odra channel
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:4_1.jpg|Relationship between major potentials for GI implementation (streams along with green fingers and the Sava River)
Image:4_2.jpg|Main city roads as a potential for implementation of GI corridors
Image:4_3.jpg|Sites for improvement and further development with GI elements
Image:4_4.jpg|Comparison of natural and regulated river
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==

Green spaces, whether connected or not, must be seen as providing facilities or services for the people who live amongst it. Its real potential will only be realized if activities or operations undertaken in or on the green space are supported by the whole local community. Through the implementation of green infrastructure elements such as: green alleys and streets, green roofs, rainwater harvesting, wetlands, bioswales, raingardens, bioretentions, permeable pavement, green parking and many more, could provide many benefits for the city of Zagreb.

'''Climate change''' – reduced urban heat island effect and flood risks, improved water quality through sustainable stormwater management that controls water at the source and an increase of available water supply, reduction of atmospheric CO2 and improved air quality.

'''Health and well-being''' - increased life expectancy and possible reduction of health inequality, improved levels of physical activity and health, improved psychological health and mental well-being, increased recreational opportunity, reduced noise pollution.

'''Economic growth and investment''' - inward investment and job creation, increased land and property values, regenerated local economics, reduced water treatment needs, reduced grey infrastructure needs, reduced energy use.

'''Land regeneration''' - possible regeneration of previously developed land, improved quality of a place, increased environmental quality and aesthetics.

'''Wildlife and habitats''' - increased habitat area and populations of some protected species, increased species movement.

'''Stronger communities''' - better social interaction, inclusion and cohesion through community participation in public management, as well as providing opportunities for education, training, volunteering and capacity building.

== Potential for multifunctionality ==

<gallery caption= widths="800px" heights="600px" perrow="4">
Image:6_1.jpg|
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:7_1.jpg|1st phase - Implementation of GI elements on the city's central axis
Image:7_2.jpg|2nd phase - Implementation of GI elements along main transverse city roads
Image:7_3.jpg|3rd phase - Implementation of GI elements along main longitudinal city roads
Image:7_4.jpg|4th phase - Interconnection of GI corridors and patches
Image:7_5.jpg|Greener streets
Image:7_6.jpg|Greener rails
Image:7_7.jpg|Attractive river
Image:7_8.jpg|Sustainable stormwater management
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==

Intertwining the city with corridors of greenery, that serve for movement of people and goods, is the foundation of urban mobility as one of the most important urban processes in the identification of population with its city. The idea is developed from the concept of the city as a network of green spaces of different types of function: urban parks, green squares, green alleys along the roads, series of related parks, water parks, sports and recreational parks, greenery in the free plan of newly built settlements. A great value and importance in this regard are areas along the Sava River, which will be possible only after the city authorities recognize the importance of the Sava River in the daily life of Zagreb’s inhabitants. In that way the conditions for the spatial correlation of the city would be made, and newly created urban spaces and parks with unique qualities would greatly influence the creation of the new image of the city of Zagreb.

Streams could also become new generators and focal points of the modern city as an introduction to new priorities of a modern society, which due to the lifestyle changes no longer insists on industrialization, but on preservation of the greenery and natural specifics. There is also a possibility of planning the forgotten and closed streams and linking them to the existing green fingers as a system of public urban areas. Sava River and spaces along it must not be disconnected from the network, since Sava together with Medvednica Mountain forms the landscape basis of the city of Zagreb and its wider area. The implementation of the green infrastructure into a densely built-up area raises the price of the surrounding land and real estate, gives a new image to the area and improves the life quality. Today, quality green areas are one of the most valuable generators of social and economic development.

== Image Gallery ==

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:9 1.jpeg|Sava River during high water level
Image:9_2.jpg|Flow of the Sava River before regulation
Image:9_3.jpg|Public beach on the Sava River at the end of 19th century
Image:9_4.JPG|Trough of the Vrapčak Stream
Image:9_5.JPG|Medveščak Stream entering its underground channel
Image:9_7.jpg|One of the streams flowing through Medvednica Mountain
Image:9_6.jpg|City landfill
Image:9_8.jpg|Savica Lakes - Remaining oxbow of the Sava River
</gallery>

== References ==

*Center for Neighborhood Technology (2010). The Value of Green Infrastructure - A Guide to Recognizing Its Economic,Environmental and Social Benefits. Center for Neighborhood Technology, Chicago. http://www.cnt.org/repository/gi-values-guide.pdf
*Crnobrnja, Neven (2005). Zagrebački savski mostovi. Građevinar 57 (2005) 12, 977-985
*Forest Research (2010). Benefits of green infrastructure. Report by Forest Research. Forest Research, Farnham. http://www.forestry.gov.uk/pdf/urgp_benefits_of_green_infrastructure.pdf/$FILE/urgp_benefits_of_green_infrastructure.pdf
*Landscape Institute (2009). Green infrastructure: connected and multifunctional landscapes. Position statement. Landscape Institute, London.
*Slukan-Altić, Mirela, (2010). Povijest regulacije rijeke Save kod Zagreba i njezine posljedice na izgradnju grada. Hrvatske vode 73 (2010); 205-212.
*Šegota, Tomislav, Filipćić, Anita (2007). Suvremene promjene klime i smanjenje protoka Save u Zagrebu. Geoadria 12/1 (2007) 45-58.
*Štulhofer, Ariana, Barišić Marenić, Zrinka, Uchytil, Andrej (2010). Kupališta i drugi sportsko-rekreacijski sadržaji uz rijeku Savu u Zagrebu. Hrvatske vode 73 (2010); 205-212.
*Živaković-Kerže, Zlata (2010). Osvrt na zakonske osnove vezane za odvodnju i regulaciju Save. Hrvatske vode 73 (2010); 205-212.
----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

File:Sava - Odra.jpg

2015-01-29T10:55:00Z

Zmire Ana:

Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group L - Case Study 1

2015-01-29T10:44:51Z

Zmire Ana: /* Landscape and/or urban context of your case */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_L|working group L]]

'''''Green Infrastructure potential of Zagreb'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''GI potential of Zagreb''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Croatia''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Zagreb''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ana Žmire''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Zagreb.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=45.789587
|lng=15.979511
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==
Due to the rapid growth of habitants in the past 100 years natural areas have been pushed out of the city of Zagreb and they were replaced with building blocks with no good quality open green areas. In 1899 a decision to regulate the flow of the Sava River resulted in taking the river away from city’s habitants.

Great potential for green infrastructure in Zagreb lies in so called green fingers that along with streams descend into the city. Unfortunately, most of the streams were channelized and covered and green fingers are rapidly being destroyed due to the city’s growth.

The main goal of this case study is to explore the possibility of connecting what is left of the green fingers and streams, through a network of corridors and patches of green infrastructure elements, embedded into the urban matrix, to the Sava River, as well as to propose a solution of returning the river to the citizens of Zagreb giving the use to its forgotten banks.

== Author's perspective ==
As a graduate student of landscape architecture it is hard to watch forgotten open spaces together with the ones that are getting more and more neglected each day. This is especially the case of the Sava River that is “imprisoned” between two embankments along with its vast space that has a great potential but no use.

My major interest is in landscape planning and implementation of landscape ecology principles in order to harmonize development and protection, in a way that follows the principles of sustainable development to meet the needs of present and future generations. I am also interested in sustainable water management and replacing gray infrastructure with green solutions that would heal our streams and rivers.

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

Zagreb is the administrative, economic, cultural, and scientific center of the Republic of Croatian. It developed on the southern slopes of the Medvednica Mountain, north of the Sava River, from two neighboring settlements, Gradec and Kaptol, which form the historic center of Zagreb.

'''Climate'''

Zagreb’s climate is temperate continental. Summers are hot and dry with average temperatures of 20 ° C, while winters are cold with average temperatures of 1 ° C. The highest rainfall is in the late spring, early summer and autumn, and least in the winter and early spring. There are no extremely dry or wet periods.

'''Location'''

Favorable geographic position in the southwestern corner of the Pannonian Plain, between the Alpine, Dinaric, Adriatic and Pannonian regions, is the cause that Zagreb is located at a junction of roads between Central and Southeastern Europe and the Adriatic Sea.
Specificity of Zagreb’s position is determined by three valuable natural entities:

• the Medvednica Mountain in the north, which together with mountains in the west and in the south form the green frame around Zagreb

• the river basin of Sava River that is rich in water, water surfaces and valuable arable land

• and the Sava River.

'''Development'''

Unlike most central European cities Zagreb did not develop on the coastal terrace of its river, but at the foothills of the Medvednica Mountain, that provided protection from river flooding among other things. In the past 100 years, although belonging to smaller European cities, Zagreb experienced one of its biggest expansions with an increase in population from 40,000 to 800,000 inhabitants.
Development and expansion of the Lower Town and villages in the valley of the Sava River, during the second half of the 19th century, was restrictive due to the unregulated river that became one of the main limiting factors of the intense transformation of the Sava floodplain. Especially in the urban municipalities south of the railway where new residential areas were rapidly growing, influenced by the arrival of the railway (1862) and the initial stages of industrialization.

A historic decision of regulating the Sava River through Zagreb in 1899 completely changed the conditions of city’s development and in the 1950s directed it, with raising new residential areas, south of the Sava River.

'''Medvednica Mountain'''

Zagreb is one of the few European capitals that have a Nature Park in its immediate vicinity as big as as Medvednica Mountain. Most of which (17 938 ha) was declared a Nature Park in 1981, in an attempt to protect its values. In addition to a high ecological significance, given the relief, climate and vegetation, for the life of the inhabitants of Zagreb, it also represents an important forest and recreational space. The forests of Medvednica descend almost to the very center of Zagreb, and besides peace and greenery, it is rich in diverse wildlife. Unregulated building gradually consumed forests that were spreading towards and through the city, severing them from the homogeneous whole and disturbing its natural balance.

Medvednica Mountain is also rich in streams that descend from it and pass through Zagreb towards the Sava river. Although they have modest capacity, many of them supply smaller settlements with water and are a part of the city’s water supply system. There are 45 streams, but only 17 of them are open channeled and the other 28 covered with city’s urban tissue. In the past these streams were open and had a high environmental value, especially during the humid summers, as well as the economic and social value because they were the generators of social and economic life (baths, mills, factories). Because little or no awareness streams have gradually become a source of major hygienic problems and due to lack of maintenance flooding has become more frequent. Most of the streams today flow through channels, beneath the city, that were planned in 1930s and the rest that maintained open create spaces of questionable quality.

'''Sava River'''

Until 1899 when a decision to regulate the river was made, Sava River was a tangle of smaller streams and tributaries whose position constantly changed and after 1899 the river bed as we know it today was constructed. Frequent floods sometimes spread all the way to the historic city center, destroying everything in its path and causing major damage.
As a part of the regulation the old oxbows had to be filled, river banks of the main flow needed to be determined, the depth of the riverbed equalized in order to enable sailing and ensure better drainage of high waters, and protective embankments built on both sides of the river.

The existing flood defense system is designed in such a way that the most of the Sava’s high waters pass through the city of Zagreb. Flood zone extends 100 m along both sides of the 100 m wide riverbed and is bordered by dikes. The excess water, which cannot pass through the city, is directed into the Sava-Odra channel and further into the Odra field.
By 2003, several concepts of Zagreb on the Sava River were developed, but all included high waters passing through the city. Newest concept that was developed in 2013, and unlike the previous, proposes redirection of high waters past the City of Zagreb through the Sava - Sava channel.

Despite the many concepts that tried to return the river to city’s inhabitants, questions like - What should be the use for that unused green belt along the river? Residential, commercial, or "natural"? - remain unanswered.

<gallery caption= widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:3_1.jpg|Sava River with the Medvednica Mountain in the background
Image:3_2.jpg|Green fingers descending from the Medvednica Mountain beeing destroyed by housing development
Image:3_3.jpg|Sava River
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:4_1.jpg|Relationship between major potentials for GI implementation (streams along with green fingers and the Sava River)
Image:4_2.jpg|Main city roads as a potential for implementation of GI corridors
Image:4_3.jpg|Sites for improvement and further development with GI elements
Image:4_4.jpg|Comparison of natural and regulated river
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==

Green spaces, whether connected or not, must be seen as providing facilities or services for the people who live amongst it. Its real potential will only be realized if activities or operations undertaken in or on the green space are supported by the whole local community. Through the implementation of green infrastructure elements such as: green alleys and streets, green roofs, rainwater harvesting, wetlands, bioswales, raingardens, bioretentions, permeable pavement, green parking and many more, could provide many benefits for the city of Zagreb.

'''Climate change''' – reduced urban heat island effect and flood risks, improved water quality through sustainable stormwater management that controls water at the source and an increase of available water supply, reduction of atmospheric CO2 and improved air quality.

'''Health and well-being''' - increased life expectancy and possible reduction of health inequality, improved levels of physical activity and health, improved psychological health and mental well-being, increased recreational opportunity, reduced noise pollution.

'''Economic growth and investment''' - inward investment and job creation, increased land and property values, regenerated local economics, reduced water treatment needs, reduced grey infrastructure needs, reduced energy use.

'''Land regeneration''' - possible regeneration of previously developed land, improved quality of a place, increased environmental quality and aesthetics.

'''Wildlife and habitats''' - increased habitat area and populations of some protected species, increased species movement.

'''Stronger communities''' - better social interaction, inclusion and cohesion through community participation in public management, as well as providing opportunities for education, training, volunteering and capacity building.

== Potential for multifunctionality ==

<gallery caption= widths="800px" heights="600px" perrow="4">
Image:6_1.jpg|
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:7_1.jpg|1st phase - Implementation of GI elements on the city's central axis
Image:7_2.jpg|2nd phase - Implementation of GI elements along main transverse city roads
Image:7_3.jpg|3rd phase - Implementation of GI elements along main longitudinal city roads
Image:7_4.jpg|4th phase - Interconnection of GI corridors and patches
Image:7_5.jpg|Greener streets
Image:7_6.jpg|Greener rails
Image:7_7.jpg|Attractive river
Image:7_8.jpg|Sustainable stormwater management
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==

Intertwining the city with corridors of greenery, that serve for movement of people and goods, is the foundation of urban mobility as one of the most important urban processes in the identification of population with its city. The idea is developed from the concept of the city as a network of green spaces of different types of function: urban parks, green squares, green alleys along the roads, series of related parks, water parks, sports and recreational parks, greenery in the free plan of newly built settlements. A great value and importance in this regard are areas along the Sava River, which will be possible only after the city authorities recognize the importance of the Sava River in the daily life of Zagreb’s inhabitants. In that way the conditions for the spatial correlation of the city would be made, and newly created urban spaces and parks with unique qualities would greatly influence the creation of the new image of the city of Zagreb.

Streams could also become new generators and focal points of the modern city as an introduction to new priorities of a modern society, which due to the lifestyle changes no longer insists on industrialization, but on preservation of the greenery and natural specifics. There is also a possibility of planning the forgotten and closed streams and linking them to the existing green fingers as a system of public urban areas. Sava River and spaces along it must not be disconnected from the network, since Sava together with Medvednica Mountain forms the landscape basis of the city of Zagreb and its wider area. The implementation of the green infrastructure into a densely built-up area raises the price of the surrounding land and real estate, gives a new image to the area and improves the life quality. Today, quality green areas are one of the most valuable generators of social and economic development.

== Image Gallery ==

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:9 1.jpeg|Sava River during high water level
Image:9_2.jpg|Flow of the Sava River before regulation
Image:9_3.jpg|Public beach on the Sava River at the end of 19th century
Image:9_4.JPG|Trough of the Vrapčak Stream
Image:9_5.JPG|Medveščak Stream entering its underground channel
Image:9_7.jpg|One of the streams flowing through Medvednica Mountain
Image:9_6.jpg|City landfill
Image:9_8.jpg|Savica Lakes - Remaining oxbow of the Sava River
</gallery>

== References ==

*Center for Neighborhood Technology (2010). The Value of Green Infrastructure - A Guide to Recognizing Its Economic,Environmental and Social Benefits. Center for Neighborhood Technology, Chicago. http://www.cnt.org/repository/gi-values-guide.pdf
*Crnobrnja, Neven (2005). Zagrebački savski mostovi. Građevinar 57 (2005) 12, 977-985
*Forest Research (2010). Benefits of green infrastructure. Report by Forest Research. Forest Research, Farnham. http://www.forestry.gov.uk/pdf/urgp_benefits_of_green_infrastructure.pdf/$FILE/urgp_benefits_of_green_infrastructure.pdf
*Landscape Institute (2009). Green infrastructure: connected and multifunctional landscapes. Position statement. Landscape Institute, London.
*Slukan-Altić, Mirela, (2010). Povijest regulacije rijeke Save kod Zagreba i njezine posljedice na izgradnju grada. Hrvatske vode 73 (2010); 205-212.
*Šegota, Tomislav, Filipćić, Anita (2007). Suvremene promjene klime i smanjenje protoka Save u Zagrebu. Geoadria 12/1 (2007) 45-58.
*Štulhofer, Ariana, Barišić Marenić, Zrinka, Uchytil, Andrej (2010). Kupališta i drugi sportsko-rekreacijski sadržaji uz rijeku Savu u Zagrebu. Hrvatske vode 73 (2010); 205-212.
*Živaković-Kerže, Zlata (2010). Osvrt na zakonske osnove vezane za odvodnju i regulaciju Save. Hrvatske vode 73 (2010); 205-212.
----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group L - Case Study 1

2015-01-28T23:55:31Z

Zmire Ana:

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_L|working group L]]

'''''Green Infrastructure potential of Zagreb'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''GI potential of Zagreb''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Croatia''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Zagreb''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ana Žmire''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Zagreb.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=45.789587
|lng=15.979511
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==
Due to the rapid growth of habitants in the past 100 years natural areas have been pushed out of the city of Zagreb and they were replaced with building blocks with no good quality open green areas. In 1899 a decision to regulate the flow of the Sava River resulted in taking the river away from city’s habitants.

Great potential for green infrastructure in Zagreb lies in so called green fingers that along with streams descend into the city. Unfortunately, most of the streams were channelized and covered and green fingers are rapidly being destroyed due to the city’s growth.

The main goal of this case study is to explore the possibility of connecting what is left of the green fingers and streams, through a network of corridors and patches of green infrastructure elements, embedded into the urban matrix, to the Sava River, as well as to propose a solution of returning the river to the citizens of Zagreb giving the use to its forgotten banks.

== Author's perspective ==
As a graduate student of landscape architecture it is hard to watch forgotten open spaces together with the ones that are getting more and more neglected each day. This is especially the case of the Sava River that is “imprisoned” between two embankments along with its vast space that has a great potential but no use.

My major interest is in landscape planning and implementation of landscape ecology principles in order to harmonize development and protection, in a way that follows the principles of sustainable development to meet the needs of present and future generations. I am also interested in sustainable water management and replacing gray infrastructure with green solutions that would heal our streams and rivers.

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

Zagreb is the administrative, economic, cultural, and scientific center of the Republic of Croatian. It developed on the southern slopes of the Medvednica Mountain, north of the Sava River, from two neighboring settlements, Gradec and Kaptol, which form the historic center of Zagreb.

'''Climate'''

Zagreb’s climate is temperate continental. Summers are hot and dry with average temperatures of 20 ° C, while winters are cold with average temperatures of 1 ° C. The highest rainfall is in the late spring, early summer and autumn, and least in the winter and early spring. There are no extremely dry or wet periods.

'''Location'''

Favorable geographic position in the southwestern corner of the Pannonian Plain, between the Alpine, Dinaric, Adriatic and Pannonian regions, is the cause that Zagreb is located at a junction of roads between Central and Southeastern Europe and the Adriatic Sea.
Specificity of Zagreb’s position is determined by three valuable natural entities:

• the Medvednica Mountain in the north, which together with mountains in the west and in the south form the green frame around Zagreb

• the river basin of Sava River that is rich in water, water surfaces and valuable arable land

• and the Sava River.

'''Development'''

Unlike most central European cities Zagreb did not develop on the coastal terrace of its river, but at the foothills of the Medvednica Mountain, that provided protection from river flooding among other things. In the past 100 years, although belonging to smaller European cities, Zagreb experienced one of its biggest expansions with an increase in population from 40,000 to 800,000 inhabitants.
Development and expansion of the Lower Town and villages in the valley of the Sava River, during the second half of the 19th century, was restrictive due to the unregulated river that became one of the main limiting factors of the intense transformation of the Sava floodplain. Especially in the urban municipalities south of the railway where new residential areas were rapidly growing, influenced by the arrival of the railway (1862) and the initial stages of industrialization.
A historic decision of regulating the Sava River through Zagreb in 1899 completely changed the conditions of city’s development and in the 1950s directed it, with raising new residential areas, south of the Sava River.

'''Medvednica Mountain'''

Zagreb is one of the few European capitals that have a Nature Park in its immediate vicinity as big as as Medvednica Mountain. Most of which (17 938 ha) was declared a Nature Park in 1981, in an attempt to protect its values. In addition to a high ecological significance, given the relief, climate and vegetation, for the life of the inhabitants of Zagreb, it also represents an important forest and recreational space. The forests of Medvednica descend almost to the very center of Zagreb, and besides peace and greenery, it is rich in diverse wildlife. Unregulated building gradually consumed forests that were spreading towards and through the city, severing them from the homogeneous whole and disturbing its natural balance.
Medvednica Mountain is also rich in streams that descend from it and pass through Zagreb towards the Sava river. Although they have modest capacity, many of them supply smaller settlements with water and are a part of the city’s water supply system. There are 45 streams, but only 17 of them are open channeled and the other 28 covered with city’s urban tissue. In the past these streams were open and had a high environmental value, especially during the humid summers, as well as the economic and social value because they were the generators of social and economic life (baths, mills, factories). Because little or no awareness streams have gradually become a source of major hygienic problems and due to lack of maintenance flooding has become more frequent. Most of the streams today flow through channels, beneath the city, that were planned in 1930s and the rest that maintained open create spaces of questionable quality.

'''Sava River'''

Until 1899 when a decision to regulate the river was made, Sava River was a tangle of smaller streams and tributaries whose position constantly changed and after 1899 the river bed as we know it today was constructed. Frequent floods sometimes spread all the way to the historic city center, destroying everything in its path and causing major damage.
As a part of the regulation the old oxbows had to be filled, river banks of the main flow needed to be determined, the depth of the riverbed equalized in order to enable sailing and ensure better drainage of high waters, and protective embankments built on both sides of the river.
Despite many competitions that tried to return the river to city’s inhabitants, questions like - What should be the use for that unused green belt along the river? Residential, commercial, or "natural"? - remain unanswered.

<gallery caption= widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:3_1.jpg|Sava River with the Medvednica Mountain in the background
Image:3_2.jpg|Green fingers descending from the Medvednica Mountain beeing destroyed by housing development
Image:3_3.jpg|Sava River
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:4_1.jpg|Relationship between major potentials for GI implementation (streams along with green fingers and the Sava River)
Image:4_2.jpg|Main city roads as a potential for implementation of GI corridors
Image:4_3.jpg|Sites for improvement and further development with GI elements
Image:4_4.jpg|Comparison of natural and regulated river
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==

Green spaces, whether connected or not, must be seen as providing facilities or services for the people who live amongst it. Its real potential will only be realized if activities or operations undertaken in or on the green space are supported by the whole local community. Through the implementation of green infrastructure elements such as: green alleys and streets, green roofs, rainwater harvesting, wetlands, bioswales, raingardens, bioretentions, permeable pavement, green parking and many more, could provide many benefits for the city of Zagreb.

'''Climate change''' – reduced urban heat island effect and flood risks, improved water quality through sustainable stormwater management that controls water at the source and an increase of available water supply, reduction of atmospheric CO2 and improved air quality.

'''Health and well-being''' - increased life expectancy and possible reduction of health inequality, improved levels of physical activity and health, improved psychological health and mental well-being, increased recreational opportunity, reduced noise pollution.

'''Economic growth and investment''' - inward investment and job creation, increased land and property values, regenerated local economics, reduced water treatment needs, reduced grey infrastructure needs, reduced energy use.

'''Land regeneration''' - possible regeneration of previously developed land, improved quality of a place, increased environmental quality and aesthetics.

'''Wildlife and habitats''' - increased habitat area and populations of some protected species, increased species movement.

'''Stronger communities''' - better social interaction, inclusion and cohesion through community participation in public management, as well as providing opportunities for education, training, volunteering and capacity building.

== Potential for multifunctionality ==

<gallery caption= widths="800px" heights="600px" perrow="4">
Image:6_1.jpg|
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:7_1.jpg|1st phase - Implementation of GI elements on the city's central axis
Image:7_2.jpg|2nd phase - Implementation of GI elements along main transverse city roads
Image:7_3.jpg|3rd phase - Implementation of GI elements along main longitudinal city roads
Image:7_4.jpg|4th phase - Interconnection of GI corridors and patches
Image:7_5.jpg|Greener streets
Image:7_6.jpg|Greener rails
Image:7_7.jpg|Attractive river
Image:7_8.jpg|Sustainable stormwater management
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==

Intertwining the city with corridors of greenery, that serve for movement of people and goods, is the foundation of urban mobility as one of the most important urban processes in the identification of population with its city. The idea is developed from the concept of the city as a network of green spaces of different types of function: urban parks, green squares, green alleys along the roads, series of related parks, water parks, sports and recreational parks, greenery in the free plan of newly built settlements. A great value and importance in this regard are areas along the Sava River, which will be possible only after the city authorities recognize the importance of the Sava River in the daily life of Zagreb’s inhabitants. In that way the conditions for the spatial correlation of the city would be made, and newly created urban spaces and parks with unique qualities would greatly influence the creation of the new image of the city of Zagreb.

Streams could also become new generators and focal points of the modern city as an introduction to new priorities of a modern society, which due to the lifestyle changes no longer insists on industrialization, but on preservation of the greenery and natural specifics. There is also a possibility of planning the forgotten and closed streams and linking them to the existing green fingers as a system of public urban areas. Sava River and spaces along it must not be disconnected from the network, since Sava together with Medvednica Mountain forms the landscape basis of the city of Zagreb and its wider area. The implementation of the green infrastructure into a densely built-up area raises the price of the surrounding land and real estate, gives a new image to the area and improves the life quality. Today, quality green areas are one of the most valuable generators of social and economic development.

== Image Gallery ==

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:9 1.jpeg|Sava River during high water level
Image:9_2.jpg|Flow of the Sava River before regulation
Image:9_3.jpg|Public beach on the Sava River at the end of 19th century
Image:9_4.JPG|Trough of the Vrapčak Stream
Image:9_5.JPG|Medveščak Stream entering its underground channel
Image:9_7.jpg|One of the streams flowing through Medvednica Mountain
Image:9_6.jpg|City landfill
Image:9_8.jpg|Savica Lakes - Remaining oxbow of the Sava River
</gallery>

== References ==

*Center for Neighborhood Technology (2010). The Value of Green Infrastructure - A Guide to Recognizing Its Economic,Environmental and Social Benefits. Center for Neighborhood Technology, Chicago. http://www.cnt.org/repository/gi-values-guide.pdf
*Crnobrnja, Neven (2005). Zagrebački savski mostovi. Građevinar 57 (2005) 12, 977-985
*Forest Research (2010). Benefits of green infrastructure. Report by Forest Research. Forest Research, Farnham. http://www.forestry.gov.uk/pdf/urgp_benefits_of_green_infrastructure.pdf/$FILE/urgp_benefits_of_green_infrastructure.pdf
*Landscape Institute (2009). Green infrastructure: connected and multifunctional landscapes. Position statement. Landscape Institute, London.
*Slukan-Altić, Mirela, (2010). Povijest regulacije rijeke Save kod Zagreba i njezine posljedice na izgradnju grada. Hrvatske vode 73 (2010); 205-212.
*Šegota, Tomislav, Filipćić, Anita (2007). Suvremene promjene klime i smanjenje protoka Save u Zagrebu. Geoadria 12/1 (2007) 45-58.
*Štulhofer, Ariana, Barišić Marenić, Zrinka, Uchytil, Andrej (2010). Kupališta i drugi sportsko-rekreacijski sadržaji uz rijeku Savu u Zagrebu. Hrvatske vode 73 (2010); 205-212.
*Živaković-Kerže, Zlata (2010). Osvrt na zakonske osnove vezane za odvodnju i regulaciju Save. Hrvatske vode 73 (2010); 205-212.
----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Green Infrastructure 2014 - Working Group L

2015-01-28T23:54:49Z

Zmire Ana:

--> Back to [[Working_Groups_Seminar_Green_Infrastructure_2014|working group overview]]

== Assignment 2 - Lecture Concept Map ==
*''The list with the group distribution shows you which lecture your group is supposed to document in the concept map format.''
*''Please add your collaborative concept map here by replacing the dummy image. Your map needs to have a new file name:''

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:yourfilename.jpg|''add your lecture title here by replacing this text''
</gallery>

== Assignment 3 - Green infrastructure potential in your environment ==

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group L - Case Study 1|Zagreb, Croatia]] ===
=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Group L - Case Study 2|Tehran, Iran]] ===

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Group L - Case Study 3|La Coruña, Spain]] ===

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Group L - Case Study 4|Case Study 4]] ===

=== Presentation Slides Assignment 3 ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:L-s2.jpg|GI potentials of Zagreb/Ana Žmire
Image:L-s3.jpg|Vision for the site/Ana Žmire
Image:L-s4.jpg|GI potentials of Darband river valley/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:L-s5.jpg|Vision for the site/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:L-s6.jpg|Comparative analysis
</gallery>

== Assignment 4 - Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design ==

==='''[[Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group L|Collaborative Design: Restoration of Darband River Valley with the Approach to a Green, High Quality Transportation Network]]'''===

=== Presentation Slides Collaborative Design ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Group_L_-_GI_Assignment4_Page_2.jpg|Analytical Drawings
Image:Group_L_-_GI_Assignment4_Page_3.jpg|Projective Drawings
Image:Group_L_-_GI_Assignment4_Page_4.jpg|Design Synthesis
</gallery>

----

[[Category: Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group]]

Green Infrastructure 2014 - Working Group L

2015-01-28T23:54:23Z

Zmire Ana: /* Assignment 4 - Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design */

--> Back to [[Working_Groups_Seminar_Green_Infrastructure_2014|working group overview]]

''Dear working group members. This is your group page and you will be completing the template gradually as we move through the seminar. Each member has an individual page for documenting his/her personal case. You can also access your template for assignment 4 (the joint design) from here. Good luck and enjoy your collaboration!
''

== Assignment 2 - Lecture Concept Map ==
*''The list with the group distribution shows you which lecture your group is supposed to document in the concept map format.''
*''Please add your collaborative concept map here by replacing the dummy image. Your map needs to have a new file name:''

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:yourfilename.jpg|''add your lecture title here by replacing this text''
</gallery>

== Assignment 3 - Green infrastructure potential in your environment ==

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group L - Case Study 1|Zagreb, Croatia]] ===
=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Group L - Case Study 2|Tehran, Iran]] ===

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Group L - Case Study 3|La Coruña, Spain]] ===

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Group L - Case Study 4|Case Study 4]] ===

=== Presentation Slides Assignment 3 ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:L-s2.jpg|GI potentials of Zagreb/Ana Žmire
Image:L-s3.jpg|Vision for the site/Ana Žmire
Image:L-s4.jpg|GI potentials of Darband river valley/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:L-s5.jpg|Vision for the site/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:L-s6.jpg|Comparative analysis
</gallery>

== Assignment 4 - Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design ==

==='''[[Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group L|Collaborative Design: Restoration of Darband River Valley with the Approach to a Green, High Quality Transportation Network]]'''===

=== Presentation Slides Collaborative Design ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Group_L_-_GI_Assignment4_Page_2.jpg|Analytical Drawings
Image:Group_L_-_GI_Assignment4_Page_3.jpg|Projective Drawings
Image:Group_L_-_GI_Assignment4_Page_4.jpg|Design Synthesis
</gallery>

----

[[Category: Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group]]

Green Infrastructure 2014 - Working Group L

2015-01-28T23:54:07Z

Zmire Ana: /* Assignment 3 - Green infrastructure potential in your environment */

--> Back to [[Working_Groups_Seminar_Green_Infrastructure_2014|working group overview]]

''Dear working group members. This is your group page and you will be completing the template gradually as we move through the seminar. Each member has an individual page for documenting his/her personal case. You can also access your template for assignment 4 (the joint design) from here. Good luck and enjoy your collaboration!
''

== Assignment 2 - Lecture Concept Map ==
*''The list with the group distribution shows you which lecture your group is supposed to document in the concept map format.''
*''Please add your collaborative concept map here by replacing the dummy image. Your map needs to have a new file name:''

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:yourfilename.jpg|''add your lecture title here by replacing this text''
</gallery>

== Assignment 3 - Green infrastructure potential in your environment ==

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group L - Case Study 1|Zagreb, Croatia]] ===
=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Group L - Case Study 2|Tehran, Iran]] ===

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Group L - Case Study 3|La Coruña, Spain]] ===

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Group L - Case Study 4|Case Study 4]] ===

=== Presentation Slides Assignment 3 ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:L-s2.jpg|GI potentials of Zagreb/Ana Žmire
Image:L-s3.jpg|Vision for the site/Ana Žmire
Image:L-s4.jpg|GI potentials of Darband river valley/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:L-s5.jpg|Vision for the site/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:L-s6.jpg|Comparative analysis
</gallery>

== Assignment 4 - Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design ==

*'''Assigned: Tuesday, December 2'''
*'''Due: Tuesday, January 26'''

==='''[[Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group L|Collaborative Design: Restoration of Darband River Valley with the Approach to a Green, High Quality Transportation Network]]'''===

=== Presentation Slides Collaborative Design ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Group_L_-_GI_Assignment4_Page_2.jpg|Analytical Drawings
Image:Group_L_-_GI_Assignment4_Page_3.jpg|Projective Drawings
Image:Group_L_-_GI_Assignment4_Page_4.jpg|Design Synthesis
</gallery>

----

[[Category: Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group]]

Green Infrastructure 2014 - Working Group L

2015-01-28T23:50:58Z

Zmire Ana: /* Presentation Slides Assignment 3 */

--> Back to [[Working_Groups_Seminar_Green_Infrastructure_2014|working group overview]]

''Dear working group members. This is your group page and you will be completing the template gradually as we move through the seminar. Each member has an individual page for documenting his/her personal case. You can also access your template for assignment 4 (the joint design) from here. Good luck and enjoy your collaboration!
''

== Assignment 2 - Lecture Concept Map ==
*''The list with the group distribution shows you which lecture your group is supposed to document in the concept map format.''
*''Please add your collaborative concept map here by replacing the dummy image. Your map needs to have a new file name:''

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:yourfilename.jpg|''add your lecture title here by replacing this text''
</gallery>

== Assignment 3 - Green infrastructure potential in your environment ==

*'''Assigned: Tuesday, October 28'''
*'''Due: Monday, December 1'''

''There is one template page for each group member. The case could be a specific site in direct vicinity or a larger area in your region. The objective is to identify structures that have the potential to become elements of a green infrastructure strategy. ''

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group L - Case Study 1|Zagreb, Croatia]] ===
=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Group L - Case Study 2|Tehran, Iran]] ===

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Group L - Case Study 3|La Coruña, Spain]] ===

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Group L - Case Study 4|Case Study 4]] ===

=== Presentation Slides Assignment 3 ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:L-s2.jpg|GI potentials of Zagreb/Ana Žmire
Image:L-s3.jpg|Vision for the site/Ana Žmire
Image:L-s4.jpg|GI potentials of Darband river valley/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:L-s5.jpg|Vision for the site/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:L-s6.jpg|Comparative analysis
</gallery>

== Assignment 4 - Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design ==

*'''Assigned: Tuesday, December 2'''
*'''Due: Tuesday, January 26'''

==='''[[Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group L|Collaborative Design: Restoration of Darband River Valley with the Approach to a Green, High Quality Transportation Network]]'''===

=== Presentation Slides Collaborative Design ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Group_L_-_GI_Assignment4_Page_2.jpg|Analytical Drawings
Image:Group_L_-_GI_Assignment4_Page_3.jpg|Projective Drawings
Image:Group_L_-_GI_Assignment4_Page_4.jpg|Design Synthesis
</gallery>

----

[[Category: Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group]]

Green Infrastructure 2014 - Working Group L

2015-01-28T23:47:23Z

Zmire Ana: /* Presentation Slides Assignment 3 */

--> Back to [[Working_Groups_Seminar_Green_Infrastructure_2014|working group overview]]

''Dear working group members. This is your group page and you will be completing the template gradually as we move through the seminar. Each member has an individual page for documenting his/her personal case. You can also access your template for assignment 4 (the joint design) from here. Good luck and enjoy your collaboration!
''

== Assignment 2 - Lecture Concept Map ==
*''The list with the group distribution shows you which lecture your group is supposed to document in the concept map format.''
*''Please add your collaborative concept map here by replacing the dummy image. Your map needs to have a new file name:''

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:yourfilename.jpg|''add your lecture title here by replacing this text''
</gallery>

== Assignment 3 - Green infrastructure potential in your environment ==

*'''Assigned: Tuesday, October 28'''
*'''Due: Monday, December 1'''

''There is one template page for each group member. The case could be a specific site in direct vicinity or a larger area in your region. The objective is to identify structures that have the potential to become elements of a green infrastructure strategy. ''

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group L - Case Study 1|Zagreb, Croatia]] ===
=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Group L - Case Study 2|Tehran, Iran]] ===

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Group L - Case Study 3|La Coruña, Spain]] ===

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Group L - Case Study 4|Case Study 4]] ===

=== Presentation Slides Assignment 3 ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:L-s2.jpg|Slide 2
Image:L-s3.jpg|Slide 3
Image:L-s4.jpg|Slide 4
Image:L-s5.jpg|Slide 5
Image:L-s6.jpg|Slide 6
</gallery>

== Assignment 4 - Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design ==

*'''Assigned: Tuesday, December 2'''
*'''Due: Tuesday, January 26'''

==='''[[Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group L|Collaborative Design: Restoration of Darband River Valley with the Approach to a Green, High Quality Transportation Network]]'''===

=== Presentation Slides Collaborative Design ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Group_L_-_GI_Assignment4_Page_2.jpg|Analytical Drawings
Image:Group_L_-_GI_Assignment4_Page_3.jpg|Projective Drawings
Image:Group_L_-_GI_Assignment4_Page_4.jpg|Design Synthesis
</gallery>

----

[[Category: Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group]]

Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group L

2015-01-28T23:44:40Z

Zmire Ana: /* Design Synthesis */

---> back to group page [[Green Infrastructure 2014 - Working Group L|working group L]]

'''''Restoration of Darband River Valley with the Approach to a Green, High Quality Transportation Network'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Darband River Valley''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Tehran''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Iran''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ana Žmire, Shahla Shahmoradi, Fernanda Millán, Simona Sava-Paval''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:0051.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=35.696111
|lng=51.423055999999974
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

'''* ''Climate, water, and soil'''

Tehran is a mountainside city with an altitude of 900 to 1700 meters above the sea level located on the southern slopes of Alborz mountains. From east to west, the view is dominated by the Alborz mountains, with rivers that are full in springtime and dry in summertime, flowing to satiate underground water tables hidden in the very thick layers of sedimentary rocks (gravel, sand and clay) from the Quaternary. Multiple aqueducts bring the water to surface that, in turn, flows through irrigation canals and brooks along all streets and avenues of Tehran. Lower parts, between 900 to 1200 m, have a fertile soil and gentle slope that permit a productive agricultural activity. In these plains, there are many sources of surface or underground water tables, supplied by aqueducts, floodways and branched out rivers.
In the south of Tehran, the desert begins. Dry and very hot weather in summer and sometimes very cold in winter, make this region seem hostile. The contrast between mountain and desert, and even between north and south of the City, prevents weather crises from taking shape in any part of the year. When heavy snow obstructs mountain roads, plains in the rim of the desert have often a mild sunny weather.
Tehran region has a dry climate. The annual rate of rainfall is only 229mm at the downtown, 400mm in northern neighborhoods and less than 150mm in arable lands of south. Heavy rainfalls in Alborz mountains, mainly as snow, provide a fairly reliable source of water supply for Tehran’s residents and the City’s development. This water flows through a number of rivers and flood canals toward the desert in the south and is swallowed up by the thick layers of alluvium.

'''* ''Main River Valleys in the City'''

Seven main river valleys pass through the city, including Darakeh, Velenjak, Darband, Golab Dareh, Jamshidyeh, Darabad, and Kan. All of these come from Alborz Mountains of Tehran, and after passing through urban areas reach lower plains in the south, where they meet agricultural lands. This case study concentrates on Darband river valley.
This river (“the Furious River” with 295/000/000 m3 of water per year) flows down from North mountains, passes beyond Hezardarreh hills, east of Tehran, and irrigates the great arable plain of Varamin.''

'''* ''Overall Character and Current Conditions'''

By carefully looking at the map, Darband river valley and its path is recognized due to its especial natural form. But if we want to follow it in the city, it is not so easy. Some parts of it have been buried under buildings or streets. Other parts of it have been converted to "U" channels and covered by impervious materials such as stone. In terms of flora, except some scattered trees, which are planted alongside the wall of the river valley, there is not major planting adjacent to that. Actually the deep channels surrounding the bed of the river valley has taken the opportunity to plant trees, shrubs, or other kinds of vegetation. Right after the end of the river's walls, there are streets and buildings. This lack of attention to Darband river valley causes people to undermine it and throw their wastes in this river-channel, and this in turn causes major environmental pollution in the site.''

'''* ''Flora'''

Tehran is rich in terms of the diversity of flora. While some of them are native to Iran, few, if any, of them are endemic to Tehran. Up to now, 13 endemic species of Tehran are known: Eritrichium mertonii (Family Boraginaceae), Buffonia hebecalyx (Family Caryophyllaceae), Stellaria scaturiginella (Family Caryophyllaceae), Centaurea carduiformis subsp. iranica (Family Compositae), Tanacetum polycephalum subsp. junesarens (Family Compositae), Taraxacum darbandense (Family Compositae), Convolvulus gracilininus (Family Ipomoea), Astragalus latianicus (Family Papaveraceae), Astragalus pseudobrunsianus (Family Papaveraceae), Hedysarum elbursense (Family Papaveraceae), Hedysarum hyrcanum var. hyrcanum (Family Papaveraceae), Vicia sojakii (Family Papaveraceae), Galium tehranicum (Family Rubiaceae). All of these species are herbaceous, which aren’t currently used in parks and landscapes. Predominant species of Tehran which are widely planted in parks, streets, and open spaces as well as alongside the river valleys are Platanus orientals, Morus nigra, Ulmus minor ‘umbraculifera’, Fraxinus excelsior, Quercus spp of broadleaved trees; Pinus eldarica and Cupressus arizonica of conifers; Lignustrum vulgare, Viburnum opulus, Nerium oleander, Berberis thunbergii of shrubs; and Common grass and Hedera helix of cover plants.

'''* ''Connectivity to the Wider Green/Gray Structures'''

Darband river valley in its journey from Alborz Mountains toward plains through the middle of the city links many important services and facilities from urban to local scales. One of the most important structures is North Mountains itself, which during the week and weekends attract thousands of people to hike, mount, and spend leisure time. On the other hand, the river valley passes through main, high traffic roads and highways, which everyday millions of citizens use to go their work. All of these green/Gray structures stress the importance of this historical river valley and affect the river both negatively and positively. Before such an incredible development of the city, when all of the city with its borders was limited to current city center, most parts of these river valleys were far away from the city and its effects. At that time, mostly private gardens and orchards formed their banks.

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Valleys.jpg|Main River Valleys
Image:Darband.jpg|Situation of Darband River Valley
Image:Journey.jpg|Journey of the River Valley from Mountains to Plains
</gallery>

== What are the overall objectives of your design? What are the specific objectives for enhancing green infrastrucutre? ==

''To ensure comfortable and easily accessible open green spaces within the city we offer a green infrastructure solution through a concept of interlinked and healthy natural ecosystems. This solution would improve what is left of the existing open green spaces within the city and create new ones that could support a greater biodiversity. It would also provide huge health, social, and ecological benefits that would primarily benefit wildlife and especially citizens. Green infrastructure would also benefit the economic growth of the city because it attracts huge investments and financial support in order to make the urban environment more sustainable. The specific objectives to improve green infrastructure include: a green, high-quality transportation network between small- to large-scale social and traffic nodes, multifunctional spaces, stimulating people to connect more with nature in order to benefit more from it, involving individuals and local communities to take better care of their environment, empowering communities, use of renewable energy sources and better rainwater management. These are just some of the aspects that would lead Tehran to a sustainably developing city.''

== Analytical drawings ==

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Social nodes.jpg|Social nodes along the Darband river valley/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:Traffic nodes.jpg|Traffic analysis/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:An_1.jpg|Forman - Godron landscape ecology analysis shows that patches of open green spaces are scattered all across the city with no green connection between them. River valleys form separate corridors from north to south. Urban tissue matrix needs more patches of open green spaces that are interlinked with ecological corridors./Ana Žmire
Image:An_2.jpg|Cross sections of the Darband River valley/Ana Žmire
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Green Transportation network.jpg|Green Transportation network along the restored river valley/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:Restoration.jpg|Creating multifunctional green infrastructure/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:Pr_1.jpg|Green infrastructure elements that would improve Darband River valley/Ana Žmire
Image:Pr_2.jpg|Different zones of green infrastructure with an emphasis on different activities that would bring many benefits to the citizens/Ana Žmire
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Si_1.jpg|Zones of green infrastructure interconnected with Green Transportation network
Image:Si_2.jpg|Green infrastructure solutions for Darband River valley
Image:SWOT model.jpg|SWOT model for Darband river valley
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''“From my point of view, our collaborative design process was a good teamwork through which I have learned to approach the project in the other way and effectively communicate in such a virtual world. I trained myself to evaluate the site from a landscape architect’s point of view. I didn’t find a major difficulty, we easily interacted with each other and shared our thoughts. I think collaborative design is a challenging process that if the members have most thoughts and behaviors in common, it can be a valuable, useful experience.” Shahla Shahmoradi''

''“Our collaborative design process was indeed teamwork, we came with different professional backgrounds and different visions for site improvement that we discussed and successfully banded together. We had no problems communicating and resolving issues we came across. This assignment made me explore the city that is culturally completely different from mine, has a rich past and I hope I’ll be able to visit it someday. During our collaborative design process I came across some difficulties concerning the site and accessing additional information on the internet (due to language differences) but Shahla managed to resolve all my problems and provide me with needed information. Collaborative design is always a challenge and especially while not being able to communicate and share thoughts personally, but despite all that I had a good time and have learned a lot during last few months of this seminar." Ana Žmire''

== Image Gallery ==

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Buried Parts.jpg|Buried Parts
Image:Abandoned Parts.jpg|Abandoned Parts
Image:Blue Structures.jpg|Gray Structures
Image:Visual and Tactile Disconnection.jpg|Visual and Tactile Disconnection
</gallery>

== References ==

1. Aminzadeh, B., Khansefid, M. (2010). A case study of urban ecological networks and a sustainable city: Tehran’s metropolitan area. Urban Ecosystems 13 (2010): 23-26.

2. Fathejalali, A., Masoudi, M. (2011). Corridor Plans: An Opportunity to Develop Low Carbon Open Spaces Network-The Case Study in Tehran, Iran. Corridor Plans and Open Spaces Network, 47th ISOCARP Congress (2011).

3. Habib, F., Atabi, F., Laghaei, H., Mousavi Fatemi H., Janfada, K. (2014). Design of Dareh-Darakeh Nature Park for Ecotourism Development in Tehran Metropolitan City. International Journal of Ecosystem 4(5) (2014): 224-232.

4. Municipality of Tehran., The Tehran Parks & Green Spaces Organization. (2009). Reviewing the plants of green spaces of Tehran report.
http://parks.tehran.ir/default.aspx?tabid=92&ArticleId=806.

5. Russell, T., Cutler, C. (2012). TREES: AN ILLUSTRATED IDENTIFIER AND ENCYCLOPEDIA. Hermes House. 123, 135, 139, 152.

6. Bernard, H., Habibi, M. (2005). Atlas of Tehran Metropolis. ICT Organisation.

7. Varahram, F., (2004). Passing the City on Water Documentary.

8. The ISNA news.

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Collaborative Design]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group L

2015-01-28T23:44:20Z

Zmire Ana: /* Projective drawings */

---> back to group page [[Green Infrastructure 2014 - Working Group L|working group L]]

'''''Restoration of Darband River Valley with the Approach to a Green, High Quality Transportation Network'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Darband River Valley''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Tehran''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Iran''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ana Žmire, Shahla Shahmoradi, Fernanda Millán, Simona Sava-Paval''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:0051.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=35.696111
|lng=51.423055999999974
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

'''* ''Climate, water, and soil'''

Tehran is a mountainside city with an altitude of 900 to 1700 meters above the sea level located on the southern slopes of Alborz mountains. From east to west, the view is dominated by the Alborz mountains, with rivers that are full in springtime and dry in summertime, flowing to satiate underground water tables hidden in the very thick layers of sedimentary rocks (gravel, sand and clay) from the Quaternary. Multiple aqueducts bring the water to surface that, in turn, flows through irrigation canals and brooks along all streets and avenues of Tehran. Lower parts, between 900 to 1200 m, have a fertile soil and gentle slope that permit a productive agricultural activity. In these plains, there are many sources of surface or underground water tables, supplied by aqueducts, floodways and branched out rivers.
In the south of Tehran, the desert begins. Dry and very hot weather in summer and sometimes very cold in winter, make this region seem hostile. The contrast between mountain and desert, and even between north and south of the City, prevents weather crises from taking shape in any part of the year. When heavy snow obstructs mountain roads, plains in the rim of the desert have often a mild sunny weather.
Tehran region has a dry climate. The annual rate of rainfall is only 229mm at the downtown, 400mm in northern neighborhoods and less than 150mm in arable lands of south. Heavy rainfalls in Alborz mountains, mainly as snow, provide a fairly reliable source of water supply for Tehran’s residents and the City’s development. This water flows through a number of rivers and flood canals toward the desert in the south and is swallowed up by the thick layers of alluvium.

'''* ''Main River Valleys in the City'''

Seven main river valleys pass through the city, including Darakeh, Velenjak, Darband, Golab Dareh, Jamshidyeh, Darabad, and Kan. All of these come from Alborz Mountains of Tehran, and after passing through urban areas reach lower plains in the south, where they meet agricultural lands. This case study concentrates on Darband river valley.
This river (“the Furious River” with 295/000/000 m3 of water per year) flows down from North mountains, passes beyond Hezardarreh hills, east of Tehran, and irrigates the great arable plain of Varamin.''

'''* ''Overall Character and Current Conditions'''

By carefully looking at the map, Darband river valley and its path is recognized due to its especial natural form. But if we want to follow it in the city, it is not so easy. Some parts of it have been buried under buildings or streets. Other parts of it have been converted to "U" channels and covered by impervious materials such as stone. In terms of flora, except some scattered trees, which are planted alongside the wall of the river valley, there is not major planting adjacent to that. Actually the deep channels surrounding the bed of the river valley has taken the opportunity to plant trees, shrubs, or other kinds of vegetation. Right after the end of the river's walls, there are streets and buildings. This lack of attention to Darband river valley causes people to undermine it and throw their wastes in this river-channel, and this in turn causes major environmental pollution in the site.''

'''* ''Flora'''

Tehran is rich in terms of the diversity of flora. While some of them are native to Iran, few, if any, of them are endemic to Tehran. Up to now, 13 endemic species of Tehran are known: Eritrichium mertonii (Family Boraginaceae), Buffonia hebecalyx (Family Caryophyllaceae), Stellaria scaturiginella (Family Caryophyllaceae), Centaurea carduiformis subsp. iranica (Family Compositae), Tanacetum polycephalum subsp. junesarens (Family Compositae), Taraxacum darbandense (Family Compositae), Convolvulus gracilininus (Family Ipomoea), Astragalus latianicus (Family Papaveraceae), Astragalus pseudobrunsianus (Family Papaveraceae), Hedysarum elbursense (Family Papaveraceae), Hedysarum hyrcanum var. hyrcanum (Family Papaveraceae), Vicia sojakii (Family Papaveraceae), Galium tehranicum (Family Rubiaceae). All of these species are herbaceous, which aren’t currently used in parks and landscapes. Predominant species of Tehran which are widely planted in parks, streets, and open spaces as well as alongside the river valleys are Platanus orientals, Morus nigra, Ulmus minor ‘umbraculifera’, Fraxinus excelsior, Quercus spp of broadleaved trees; Pinus eldarica and Cupressus arizonica of conifers; Lignustrum vulgare, Viburnum opulus, Nerium oleander, Berberis thunbergii of shrubs; and Common grass and Hedera helix of cover plants.

'''* ''Connectivity to the Wider Green/Gray Structures'''

Darband river valley in its journey from Alborz Mountains toward plains through the middle of the city links many important services and facilities from urban to local scales. One of the most important structures is North Mountains itself, which during the week and weekends attract thousands of people to hike, mount, and spend leisure time. On the other hand, the river valley passes through main, high traffic roads and highways, which everyday millions of citizens use to go their work. All of these green/Gray structures stress the importance of this historical river valley and affect the river both negatively and positively. Before such an incredible development of the city, when all of the city with its borders was limited to current city center, most parts of these river valleys were far away from the city and its effects. At that time, mostly private gardens and orchards formed their banks.

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Valleys.jpg|Main River Valleys
Image:Darband.jpg|Situation of Darband River Valley
Image:Journey.jpg|Journey of the River Valley from Mountains to Plains
</gallery>

== What are the overall objectives of your design? What are the specific objectives for enhancing green infrastrucutre? ==

''To ensure comfortable and easily accessible open green spaces within the city we offer a green infrastructure solution through a concept of interlinked and healthy natural ecosystems. This solution would improve what is left of the existing open green spaces within the city and create new ones that could support a greater biodiversity. It would also provide huge health, social, and ecological benefits that would primarily benefit wildlife and especially citizens. Green infrastructure would also benefit the economic growth of the city because it attracts huge investments and financial support in order to make the urban environment more sustainable. The specific objectives to improve green infrastructure include: a green, high-quality transportation network between small- to large-scale social and traffic nodes, multifunctional spaces, stimulating people to connect more with nature in order to benefit more from it, involving individuals and local communities to take better care of their environment, empowering communities, use of renewable energy sources and better rainwater management. These are just some of the aspects that would lead Tehran to a sustainably developing city.''

== Analytical drawings ==

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Social nodes.jpg|Social nodes along the Darband river valley/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:Traffic nodes.jpg|Traffic analysis/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:An_1.jpg|Forman - Godron landscape ecology analysis shows that patches of open green spaces are scattered all across the city with no green connection between them. River valleys form separate corridors from north to south. Urban tissue matrix needs more patches of open green spaces that are interlinked with ecological corridors./Ana Žmire
Image:An_2.jpg|Cross sections of the Darband River valley/Ana Žmire
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Green Transportation network.jpg|Green Transportation network along the restored river valley/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:Restoration.jpg|Creating multifunctional green infrastructure/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:Pr_1.jpg|Green infrastructure elements that would improve Darband River valley/Ana Žmire
Image:Pr_2.jpg|Different zones of green infrastructure with an emphasis on different activities that would bring many benefits to the citizens/Ana Žmire
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==
''Please analyse the individual approaches presented so far and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses (you may use the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis SWOT]analysis model). Try to create a synthesis and represent it with a plan and some sketches. You can still use drawings/sketches.''

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Si_1.jpg|Zones of green infrastructure interconnected with Green Transportation network
Image:Si_2.jpg|Green infrastructure solutions for Darband River valley
Image:SWOT model.jpg|SWOT model for Darband river valley
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|synthesis drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''“From my point of view, our collaborative design process was a good teamwork through which I have learned to approach the project in the other way and effectively communicate in such a virtual world. I trained myself to evaluate the site from a landscape architect’s point of view. I didn’t find a major difficulty, we easily interacted with each other and shared our thoughts. I think collaborative design is a challenging process that if the members have most thoughts and behaviors in common, it can be a valuable, useful experience.” Shahla Shahmoradi''

''“Our collaborative design process was indeed teamwork, we came with different professional backgrounds and different visions for site improvement that we discussed and successfully banded together. We had no problems communicating and resolving issues we came across. This assignment made me explore the city that is culturally completely different from mine, has a rich past and I hope I’ll be able to visit it someday. During our collaborative design process I came across some difficulties concerning the site and accessing additional information on the internet (due to language differences) but Shahla managed to resolve all my problems and provide me with needed information. Collaborative design is always a challenge and especially while not being able to communicate and share thoughts personally, but despite all that I had a good time and have learned a lot during last few months of this seminar." Ana Žmire''

== Image Gallery ==

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Buried Parts.jpg|Buried Parts
Image:Abandoned Parts.jpg|Abandoned Parts
Image:Blue Structures.jpg|Gray Structures
Image:Visual and Tactile Disconnection.jpg|Visual and Tactile Disconnection
</gallery>

== References ==

1. Aminzadeh, B., Khansefid, M. (2010). A case study of urban ecological networks and a sustainable city: Tehran’s metropolitan area. Urban Ecosystems 13 (2010): 23-26.

2. Fathejalali, A., Masoudi, M. (2011). Corridor Plans: An Opportunity to Develop Low Carbon Open Spaces Network-The Case Study in Tehran, Iran. Corridor Plans and Open Spaces Network, 47th ISOCARP Congress (2011).

3. Habib, F., Atabi, F., Laghaei, H., Mousavi Fatemi H., Janfada, K. (2014). Design of Dareh-Darakeh Nature Park for Ecotourism Development in Tehran Metropolitan City. International Journal of Ecosystem 4(5) (2014): 224-232.

4. Municipality of Tehran., The Tehran Parks & Green Spaces Organization. (2009). Reviewing the plants of green spaces of Tehran report.
http://parks.tehran.ir/default.aspx?tabid=92&ArticleId=806.

5. Russell, T., Cutler, C. (2012). TREES: AN ILLUSTRATED IDENTIFIER AND ENCYCLOPEDIA. Hermes House. 123, 135, 139, 152.

6. Bernard, H., Habibi, M. (2005). Atlas of Tehran Metropolis. ICT Organisation.

7. Varahram, F., (2004). Passing the City on Water Documentary.

8. The ISNA news.

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Collaborative Design]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group L

2015-01-28T23:43:58Z

Zmire Ana: /* Analytical drawings */

---> back to group page [[Green Infrastructure 2014 - Working Group L|working group L]]

'''''Restoration of Darband River Valley with the Approach to a Green, High Quality Transportation Network'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Darband River Valley''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Tehran''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Iran''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ana Žmire, Shahla Shahmoradi, Fernanda Millán, Simona Sava-Paval''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:0051.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=35.696111
|lng=51.423055999999974
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

'''* ''Climate, water, and soil'''

Tehran is a mountainside city with an altitude of 900 to 1700 meters above the sea level located on the southern slopes of Alborz mountains. From east to west, the view is dominated by the Alborz mountains, with rivers that are full in springtime and dry in summertime, flowing to satiate underground water tables hidden in the very thick layers of sedimentary rocks (gravel, sand and clay) from the Quaternary. Multiple aqueducts bring the water to surface that, in turn, flows through irrigation canals and brooks along all streets and avenues of Tehran. Lower parts, between 900 to 1200 m, have a fertile soil and gentle slope that permit a productive agricultural activity. In these plains, there are many sources of surface or underground water tables, supplied by aqueducts, floodways and branched out rivers.
In the south of Tehran, the desert begins. Dry and very hot weather in summer and sometimes very cold in winter, make this region seem hostile. The contrast between mountain and desert, and even between north and south of the City, prevents weather crises from taking shape in any part of the year. When heavy snow obstructs mountain roads, plains in the rim of the desert have often a mild sunny weather.
Tehran region has a dry climate. The annual rate of rainfall is only 229mm at the downtown, 400mm in northern neighborhoods and less than 150mm in arable lands of south. Heavy rainfalls in Alborz mountains, mainly as snow, provide a fairly reliable source of water supply for Tehran’s residents and the City’s development. This water flows through a number of rivers and flood canals toward the desert in the south and is swallowed up by the thick layers of alluvium.

'''* ''Main River Valleys in the City'''

Seven main river valleys pass through the city, including Darakeh, Velenjak, Darband, Golab Dareh, Jamshidyeh, Darabad, and Kan. All of these come from Alborz Mountains of Tehran, and after passing through urban areas reach lower plains in the south, where they meet agricultural lands. This case study concentrates on Darband river valley.
This river (“the Furious River” with 295/000/000 m3 of water per year) flows down from North mountains, passes beyond Hezardarreh hills, east of Tehran, and irrigates the great arable plain of Varamin.''

'''* ''Overall Character and Current Conditions'''

By carefully looking at the map, Darband river valley and its path is recognized due to its especial natural form. But if we want to follow it in the city, it is not so easy. Some parts of it have been buried under buildings or streets. Other parts of it have been converted to "U" channels and covered by impervious materials such as stone. In terms of flora, except some scattered trees, which are planted alongside the wall of the river valley, there is not major planting adjacent to that. Actually the deep channels surrounding the bed of the river valley has taken the opportunity to plant trees, shrubs, or other kinds of vegetation. Right after the end of the river's walls, there are streets and buildings. This lack of attention to Darband river valley causes people to undermine it and throw their wastes in this river-channel, and this in turn causes major environmental pollution in the site.''

'''* ''Flora'''

Tehran is rich in terms of the diversity of flora. While some of them are native to Iran, few, if any, of them are endemic to Tehran. Up to now, 13 endemic species of Tehran are known: Eritrichium mertonii (Family Boraginaceae), Buffonia hebecalyx (Family Caryophyllaceae), Stellaria scaturiginella (Family Caryophyllaceae), Centaurea carduiformis subsp. iranica (Family Compositae), Tanacetum polycephalum subsp. junesarens (Family Compositae), Taraxacum darbandense (Family Compositae), Convolvulus gracilininus (Family Ipomoea), Astragalus latianicus (Family Papaveraceae), Astragalus pseudobrunsianus (Family Papaveraceae), Hedysarum elbursense (Family Papaveraceae), Hedysarum hyrcanum var. hyrcanum (Family Papaveraceae), Vicia sojakii (Family Papaveraceae), Galium tehranicum (Family Rubiaceae). All of these species are herbaceous, which aren’t currently used in parks and landscapes. Predominant species of Tehran which are widely planted in parks, streets, and open spaces as well as alongside the river valleys are Platanus orientals, Morus nigra, Ulmus minor ‘umbraculifera’, Fraxinus excelsior, Quercus spp of broadleaved trees; Pinus eldarica and Cupressus arizonica of conifers; Lignustrum vulgare, Viburnum opulus, Nerium oleander, Berberis thunbergii of shrubs; and Common grass and Hedera helix of cover plants.

'''* ''Connectivity to the Wider Green/Gray Structures'''

Darband river valley in its journey from Alborz Mountains toward plains through the middle of the city links many important services and facilities from urban to local scales. One of the most important structures is North Mountains itself, which during the week and weekends attract thousands of people to hike, mount, and spend leisure time. On the other hand, the river valley passes through main, high traffic roads and highways, which everyday millions of citizens use to go their work. All of these green/Gray structures stress the importance of this historical river valley and affect the river both negatively and positively. Before such an incredible development of the city, when all of the city with its borders was limited to current city center, most parts of these river valleys were far away from the city and its effects. At that time, mostly private gardens and orchards formed their banks.

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Valleys.jpg|Main River Valleys
Image:Darband.jpg|Situation of Darband River Valley
Image:Journey.jpg|Journey of the River Valley from Mountains to Plains
</gallery>

== What are the overall objectives of your design? What are the specific objectives for enhancing green infrastrucutre? ==

''To ensure comfortable and easily accessible open green spaces within the city we offer a green infrastructure solution through a concept of interlinked and healthy natural ecosystems. This solution would improve what is left of the existing open green spaces within the city and create new ones that could support a greater biodiversity. It would also provide huge health, social, and ecological benefits that would primarily benefit wildlife and especially citizens. Green infrastructure would also benefit the economic growth of the city because it attracts huge investments and financial support in order to make the urban environment more sustainable. The specific objectives to improve green infrastructure include: a green, high-quality transportation network between small- to large-scale social and traffic nodes, multifunctional spaces, stimulating people to connect more with nature in order to benefit more from it, involving individuals and local communities to take better care of their environment, empowering communities, use of renewable energy sources and better rainwater management. These are just some of the aspects that would lead Tehran to a sustainably developing city.''

== Analytical drawings ==

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Social nodes.jpg|Social nodes along the Darband river valley/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:Traffic nodes.jpg|Traffic analysis/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:An_1.jpg|Forman - Godron landscape ecology analysis shows that patches of open green spaces are scattered all across the city with no green connection between them. River valleys form separate corridors from north to south. Urban tissue matrix needs more patches of open green spaces that are interlinked with ecological corridors./Ana Žmire
Image:An_2.jpg|Cross sections of the Darband River valley/Ana Žmire
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes), of course with an emphasis on green infrastructure aspects. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing representing his/her individual ideas.''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Green Transportation network.jpg|Green Transportation network along the restored river valley/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:Restoration.jpg|Creating multifunctional green infrastructure/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:Pr_1.jpg|Green infrastructure elements that would improve Darband River valley/Ana Žmire
Image:Pr_2.jpg|Different zones of green infrastructure with an emphasis on different activities that would bring many benefits to the citizens/Ana Žmire
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==
''Please analyse the individual approaches presented so far and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses (you may use the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis SWOT]analysis model). Try to create a synthesis and represent it with a plan and some sketches. You can still use drawings/sketches.''

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Si_1.jpg|Zones of green infrastructure interconnected with Green Transportation network
Image:Si_2.jpg|Green infrastructure solutions for Darband River valley
Image:SWOT model.jpg|SWOT model for Darband river valley
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|synthesis drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''“From my point of view, our collaborative design process was a good teamwork through which I have learned to approach the project in the other way and effectively communicate in such a virtual world. I trained myself to evaluate the site from a landscape architect’s point of view. I didn’t find a major difficulty, we easily interacted with each other and shared our thoughts. I think collaborative design is a challenging process that if the members have most thoughts and behaviors in common, it can be a valuable, useful experience.” Shahla Shahmoradi''

''“Our collaborative design process was indeed teamwork, we came with different professional backgrounds and different visions for site improvement that we discussed and successfully banded together. We had no problems communicating and resolving issues we came across. This assignment made me explore the city that is culturally completely different from mine, has a rich past and I hope I’ll be able to visit it someday. During our collaborative design process I came across some difficulties concerning the site and accessing additional information on the internet (due to language differences) but Shahla managed to resolve all my problems and provide me with needed information. Collaborative design is always a challenge and especially while not being able to communicate and share thoughts personally, but despite all that I had a good time and have learned a lot during last few months of this seminar." Ana Žmire''

== Image Gallery ==

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Buried Parts.jpg|Buried Parts
Image:Abandoned Parts.jpg|Abandoned Parts
Image:Blue Structures.jpg|Gray Structures
Image:Visual and Tactile Disconnection.jpg|Visual and Tactile Disconnection
</gallery>

== References ==

1. Aminzadeh, B., Khansefid, M. (2010). A case study of urban ecological networks and a sustainable city: Tehran’s metropolitan area. Urban Ecosystems 13 (2010): 23-26.

2. Fathejalali, A., Masoudi, M. (2011). Corridor Plans: An Opportunity to Develop Low Carbon Open Spaces Network-The Case Study in Tehran, Iran. Corridor Plans and Open Spaces Network, 47th ISOCARP Congress (2011).

3. Habib, F., Atabi, F., Laghaei, H., Mousavi Fatemi H., Janfada, K. (2014). Design of Dareh-Darakeh Nature Park for Ecotourism Development in Tehran Metropolitan City. International Journal of Ecosystem 4(5) (2014): 224-232.

4. Municipality of Tehran., The Tehran Parks & Green Spaces Organization. (2009). Reviewing the plants of green spaces of Tehran report.
http://parks.tehran.ir/default.aspx?tabid=92&ArticleId=806.

5. Russell, T., Cutler, C. (2012). TREES: AN ILLUSTRATED IDENTIFIER AND ENCYCLOPEDIA. Hermes House. 123, 135, 139, 152.

6. Bernard, H., Habibi, M. (2005). Atlas of Tehran Metropolis. ICT Organisation.

7. Varahram, F., (2004). Passing the City on Water Documentary.

8. The ISNA news.

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Collaborative Design]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group L

2015-01-28T23:43:19Z

Zmire Ana: /* Landscape and/or urban context of your case */

---> back to group page [[Green Infrastructure 2014 - Working Group L|working group L]]

'''''Restoration of Darband River Valley with the Approach to a Green, High Quality Transportation Network'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Darband River Valley''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Tehran''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Iran''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ana Žmire, Shahla Shahmoradi, Fernanda Millán, Simona Sava-Paval''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:0051.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=35.696111
|lng=51.423055999999974
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

'''* ''Climate, water, and soil'''

Tehran is a mountainside city with an altitude of 900 to 1700 meters above the sea level located on the southern slopes of Alborz mountains. From east to west, the view is dominated by the Alborz mountains, with rivers that are full in springtime and dry in summertime, flowing to satiate underground water tables hidden in the very thick layers of sedimentary rocks (gravel, sand and clay) from the Quaternary. Multiple aqueducts bring the water to surface that, in turn, flows through irrigation canals and brooks along all streets and avenues of Tehran. Lower parts, between 900 to 1200 m, have a fertile soil and gentle slope that permit a productive agricultural activity. In these plains, there are many sources of surface or underground water tables, supplied by aqueducts, floodways and branched out rivers.
In the south of Tehran, the desert begins. Dry and very hot weather in summer and sometimes very cold in winter, make this region seem hostile. The contrast between mountain and desert, and even between north and south of the City, prevents weather crises from taking shape in any part of the year. When heavy snow obstructs mountain roads, plains in the rim of the desert have often a mild sunny weather.
Tehran region has a dry climate. The annual rate of rainfall is only 229mm at the downtown, 400mm in northern neighborhoods and less than 150mm in arable lands of south. Heavy rainfalls in Alborz mountains, mainly as snow, provide a fairly reliable source of water supply for Tehran’s residents and the City’s development. This water flows through a number of rivers and flood canals toward the desert in the south and is swallowed up by the thick layers of alluvium.

'''* ''Main River Valleys in the City'''

Seven main river valleys pass through the city, including Darakeh, Velenjak, Darband, Golab Dareh, Jamshidyeh, Darabad, and Kan. All of these come from Alborz Mountains of Tehran, and after passing through urban areas reach lower plains in the south, where they meet agricultural lands. This case study concentrates on Darband river valley.
This river (“the Furious River” with 295/000/000 m3 of water per year) flows down from North mountains, passes beyond Hezardarreh hills, east of Tehran, and irrigates the great arable plain of Varamin.''

'''* ''Overall Character and Current Conditions'''

By carefully looking at the map, Darband river valley and its path is recognized due to its especial natural form. But if we want to follow it in the city, it is not so easy. Some parts of it have been buried under buildings or streets. Other parts of it have been converted to "U" channels and covered by impervious materials such as stone. In terms of flora, except some scattered trees, which are planted alongside the wall of the river valley, there is not major planting adjacent to that. Actually the deep channels surrounding the bed of the river valley has taken the opportunity to plant trees, shrubs, or other kinds of vegetation. Right after the end of the river's walls, there are streets and buildings. This lack of attention to Darband river valley causes people to undermine it and throw their wastes in this river-channel, and this in turn causes major environmental pollution in the site.''

'''* ''Flora'''

Tehran is rich in terms of the diversity of flora. While some of them are native to Iran, few, if any, of them are endemic to Tehran. Up to now, 13 endemic species of Tehran are known: Eritrichium mertonii (Family Boraginaceae), Buffonia hebecalyx (Family Caryophyllaceae), Stellaria scaturiginella (Family Caryophyllaceae), Centaurea carduiformis subsp. iranica (Family Compositae), Tanacetum polycephalum subsp. junesarens (Family Compositae), Taraxacum darbandense (Family Compositae), Convolvulus gracilininus (Family Ipomoea), Astragalus latianicus (Family Papaveraceae), Astragalus pseudobrunsianus (Family Papaveraceae), Hedysarum elbursense (Family Papaveraceae), Hedysarum hyrcanum var. hyrcanum (Family Papaveraceae), Vicia sojakii (Family Papaveraceae), Galium tehranicum (Family Rubiaceae). All of these species are herbaceous, which aren’t currently used in parks and landscapes. Predominant species of Tehran which are widely planted in parks, streets, and open spaces as well as alongside the river valleys are Platanus orientals, Morus nigra, Ulmus minor ‘umbraculifera’, Fraxinus excelsior, Quercus spp of broadleaved trees; Pinus eldarica and Cupressus arizonica of conifers; Lignustrum vulgare, Viburnum opulus, Nerium oleander, Berberis thunbergii of shrubs; and Common grass and Hedera helix of cover plants.

'''* ''Connectivity to the Wider Green/Gray Structures'''

Darband river valley in its journey from Alborz Mountains toward plains through the middle of the city links many important services and facilities from urban to local scales. One of the most important structures is North Mountains itself, which during the week and weekends attract thousands of people to hike, mount, and spend leisure time. On the other hand, the river valley passes through main, high traffic roads and highways, which everyday millions of citizens use to go their work. All of these green/Gray structures stress the importance of this historical river valley and affect the river both negatively and positively. Before such an incredible development of the city, when all of the city with its borders was limited to current city center, most parts of these river valleys were far away from the city and its effects. At that time, mostly private gardens and orchards formed their banks.

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Valleys.jpg|Main River Valleys
Image:Darband.jpg|Situation of Darband River Valley
Image:Journey.jpg|Journey of the River Valley from Mountains to Plains
</gallery>

== What are the overall objectives of your design? What are the specific objectives for enhancing green infrastrucutre? ==

''To ensure comfortable and easily accessible open green spaces within the city we offer a green infrastructure solution through a concept of interlinked and healthy natural ecosystems. This solution would improve what is left of the existing open green spaces within the city and create new ones that could support a greater biodiversity. It would also provide huge health, social, and ecological benefits that would primarily benefit wildlife and especially citizens. Green infrastructure would also benefit the economic growth of the city because it attracts huge investments and financial support in order to make the urban environment more sustainable. The specific objectives to improve green infrastructure include: a green, high-quality transportation network between small- to large-scale social and traffic nodes, multifunctional spaces, stimulating people to connect more with nature in order to benefit more from it, involving individuals and local communities to take better care of their environment, empowering communities, use of renewable energy sources and better rainwater management. These are just some of the aspects that would lead Tehran to a sustainably developing city.''

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing.''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Social nodes.jpg|Social nodes along the Darband river valley/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:Traffic nodes.jpg|Traffic analysis/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:An_1.jpg|Forman - Godron landscape ecology analysis shows that patches of open green spaces are scattered all across the city with no green connection between them. River valleys form separate corridors from north to south. Urban tissue matrix needs more patches of open green spaces that are interlinked with ecological corridors./Ana Žmire
Image:An_2.jpg|Cross sections of the Darband River valley/Ana Žmire
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes), of course with an emphasis on green infrastructure aspects. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing representing his/her individual ideas.''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Green Transportation network.jpg|Green Transportation network along the restored river valley/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:Restoration.jpg|Creating multifunctional green infrastructure/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:Pr_1.jpg|Green infrastructure elements that would improve Darband River valley/Ana Žmire
Image:Pr_2.jpg|Different zones of green infrastructure with an emphasis on different activities that would bring many benefits to the citizens/Ana Žmire
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==
''Please analyse the individual approaches presented so far and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses (you may use the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis SWOT]analysis model). Try to create a synthesis and represent it with a plan and some sketches. You can still use drawings/sketches.''

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Si_1.jpg|Zones of green infrastructure interconnected with Green Transportation network
Image:Si_2.jpg|Green infrastructure solutions for Darband River valley
Image:SWOT model.jpg|SWOT model for Darband river valley
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|synthesis drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''“From my point of view, our collaborative design process was a good teamwork through which I have learned to approach the project in the other way and effectively communicate in such a virtual world. I trained myself to evaluate the site from a landscape architect’s point of view. I didn’t find a major difficulty, we easily interacted with each other and shared our thoughts. I think collaborative design is a challenging process that if the members have most thoughts and behaviors in common, it can be a valuable, useful experience.” Shahla Shahmoradi''

''“Our collaborative design process was indeed teamwork, we came with different professional backgrounds and different visions for site improvement that we discussed and successfully banded together. We had no problems communicating and resolving issues we came across. This assignment made me explore the city that is culturally completely different from mine, has a rich past and I hope I’ll be able to visit it someday. During our collaborative design process I came across some difficulties concerning the site and accessing additional information on the internet (due to language differences) but Shahla managed to resolve all my problems and provide me with needed information. Collaborative design is always a challenge and especially while not being able to communicate and share thoughts personally, but despite all that I had a good time and have learned a lot during last few months of this seminar." Ana Žmire''

== Image Gallery ==

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Buried Parts.jpg|Buried Parts
Image:Abandoned Parts.jpg|Abandoned Parts
Image:Blue Structures.jpg|Gray Structures
Image:Visual and Tactile Disconnection.jpg|Visual and Tactile Disconnection
</gallery>

== References ==

1. Aminzadeh, B., Khansefid, M. (2010). A case study of urban ecological networks and a sustainable city: Tehran’s metropolitan area. Urban Ecosystems 13 (2010): 23-26.

2. Fathejalali, A., Masoudi, M. (2011). Corridor Plans: An Opportunity to Develop Low Carbon Open Spaces Network-The Case Study in Tehran, Iran. Corridor Plans and Open Spaces Network, 47th ISOCARP Congress (2011).

3. Habib, F., Atabi, F., Laghaei, H., Mousavi Fatemi H., Janfada, K. (2014). Design of Dareh-Darakeh Nature Park for Ecotourism Development in Tehran Metropolitan City. International Journal of Ecosystem 4(5) (2014): 224-232.

4. Municipality of Tehran., The Tehran Parks & Green Spaces Organization. (2009). Reviewing the plants of green spaces of Tehran report.
http://parks.tehran.ir/default.aspx?tabid=92&ArticleId=806.

5. Russell, T., Cutler, C. (2012). TREES: AN ILLUSTRATED IDENTIFIER AND ENCYCLOPEDIA. Hermes House. 123, 135, 139, 152.

6. Bernard, H., Habibi, M. (2005). Atlas of Tehran Metropolis. ICT Organisation.

7. Varahram, F., (2004). Passing the City on Water Documentary.

8. The ISNA news.

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Collaborative Design]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Green Infrastructure 2014 - Working Group L

2015-01-28T10:34:02Z

Zmire Ana: /* Assignment 4 - Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design */

--> Back to [[Working_Groups_Seminar_Green_Infrastructure_2014|working group overview]]

''Dear working group members. This is your group page and you will be completing the template gradually as we move through the seminar. Each member has an individual page for documenting his/her personal case. You can also access your template for assignment 4 (the joint design) from here. Good luck and enjoy your collaboration!
''

== Assignment 2 - Lecture Concept Map ==
*''The list with the group distribution shows you which lecture your group is supposed to document in the concept map format.''
*''Please add your collaborative concept map here by replacing the dummy image. Your map needs to have a new file name:''

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:yourfilename.jpg|''add your lecture title here by replacing this text''
</gallery>

== Assignment 3 - Green infrastructure potential in your environment ==

*'''Assigned: Tuesday, October 28'''
*'''Due: Monday, December 1'''

''There is one template page for each group member. The case could be a specific site in direct vicinity or a larger area in your region. The objective is to identify structures that have the potential to become elements of a green infrastructure strategy. ''

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group L - Case Study 1|Zagreb, Croatia]] ===
=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Group L - Case Study 2|Tehran, Iran]] ===

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Group L - Case Study 3|La Coruña, Spain]] ===

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Group L - Case Study 4|Case Study 4]] ===

=== Presentation Slides Assignment 3 ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:L-s1.jpg|Slide 1
Image:L-s2.jpg|Slide 2
Image:L-s3.jpg|Slide 3
Image:L-s4.jpg|Slide 4
Image:L-s5.jpg|Slide 5
Image:L-s6.jpg|Slide 6
</gallery>

== Assignment 4 - Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design ==

*'''Assigned: Tuesday, December 2'''
*'''Due: Tuesday, January 26'''

==='''[[Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group L|Collaborative Design: Restoration of Darband River Valley with the Approach to a Green, High Quality Transportation Network]]'''===

=== Presentation Slides Collaborative Design ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Group_L_-_GI_Assignment4_Page_2.jpg|Analytical Drawings
Image:Group_L_-_GI_Assignment4_Page_3.jpg|Projective Drawings
Image:Group_L_-_GI_Assignment4_Page_4.jpg|Design Synthesis
</gallery>

----

[[Category: Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group]]

File:Group L - GI Assignment4 Page 4.jpg

2015-01-28T10:33:47Z

Zmire Ana:

File:Group L - GI Assignment4 Page 3.jpg

2015-01-28T10:33:28Z

Zmire Ana:

File:Group L - GI Assignment4 Page 2.jpg

2015-01-28T10:32:29Z

Zmire Ana:

Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group L

2015-01-26T02:25:23Z

Zmire Ana: /* Image Gallery */

---> back to group page [[Green Infrastructure 2014 - Working Group L|working group L]]

'''''Restoration of Darband River Valley with the Approach to a Green, High Quality Transportation Network'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Darband River Valley''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Tehran''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Iran''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ana Žmire, Shahla Shahmoradi, Fernanda Millán, Simona Sava-Paval''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:0051.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=35.696111
|lng=51.423055999999974
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==
*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''

*''Climate, water, and soil
Tehran is a mountainside city with an altitude of 900 to 1700 meters above the sea level located on the southern slopes of Alborz mountains. From east to west, the view is dominated by the Alborz mountains, with rivers that are full in springtime and dry in summertime, flowing to satiate underground water tables hidden in the very thick layers of sedimentary rocks (gravel, sand and clay) from the Quaternary. Multiple aqueducts bring the water to surface that, in turn, flows through irrigation canals and brooks along all streets and avenues of Tehran. Lower parts, between 900 to 1200 m, have a fertile soil and gentle slope that permit a productive agricultural activity. In these plains, there are many sources of surface or underground water tables, supplied by aqueducts, floodways and branched out rivers.
In the south of Tehran, the desert begins. Dry and very hot weather in summer and sometimes very cold in winter, make this region seem hostile. The contrast between mountain and desert, and even between north and south of the City, prevents weather crises from taking shape in any part of the year. When heavy snow obstructs mountain roads, plains in the rim of the desert have often a mild sunny weather.
Tehran region has a dry climate. The annual rate of rainfall is only 229mm at the downtown, 400mm in northern neighborhoods and less than 150mm in arable lands of south. Heavy rainfalls in Alborz mountains, mainly as snow, provide a fairly reliable source of water supply for Tehran’s residents and the City’s development. This water flows through a number of rivers and flood canals toward the desert in the south and is swallowed up by the thick layers of alluvium.

*''Main River Valleys in the City
Seven main river valleys pass through the city, including Darakeh, Velenjak, Darband, Golab Dareh, Jamshidyeh, Darabad, and Kan. All of these come from Alborz Mountains of Tehran, and after passing through urban areas reach lower plains in the south, where they meet agricultural lands. This case study concentrates on Darband river valley.
This river (“the Furious River” with 295/000/000 m3 of water per year) flows down from North mountains, passes beyond Hezardarreh hills, east of Tehran, and irrigates the great arable plain of Varamin.''

*''Overall Character and Current Conditions
By carefully looking at the map, Darband river valley and its path is recognized due to its especial natural form. But if we want to follow it in the city, it is not so easy. Some parts of it have been buried under buildings or streets. Other parts of it have been converted to "U" channels and covered by impervious materials such as stone. In terms of flora, except some scattered trees, which are planted alongside the wall of the river valley, there is not major planting adjacent to that. Actually the deep channels surrounding the bed of the river valley has taken the opportunity to plant trees, shrubs, or other kinds of vegetation. Right after the end of the river's walls, there are streets and buildings. This lack of attention to Darband river valley causes people to undermine it and throw their wastes in this river-channel, and this in turn causes major environmental pollution in the site.''

*''Flora
Tehran is rich in terms of the diversity of flora. While some of them are native to Iran, few, if any, of them are endemic to Tehran. Up to now, 13 endemic species of Tehran are known: Eritrichium mertonii (Family Boraginaceae), Buffonia hebecalyx (Family Caryophyllaceae), Stellaria scaturiginella (Family Caryophyllaceae), Centaurea carduiformis subsp. iranica (Family Compositae), Tanacetum polycephalum subsp. junesarens (Family Compositae), Taraxacum darbandense (Family Compositae), Convolvulus gracilininus (Family Ipomoea), Astragalus latianicus (Family Papaveraceae), Astragalus pseudobrunsianus (Family Papaveraceae), Hedysarum elbursense (Family Papaveraceae), Hedysarum hyrcanum var. hyrcanum (Family Papaveraceae), Vicia sojakii (Family Papaveraceae), Galium tehranicum (Family Rubiaceae). All of these species are herbaceous, which aren’t currently used in parks and landscapes. Predominant species of Tehran which are widely planted in parks, streets, and open spaces as well as alongside the river valleys are Platanus orientals, Morus nigra, Ulmus minor ‘umbraculifera’, Fraxinus excelsior, Quercus spp of broadleaved trees; Pinus eldarica and Cupressus arizonica of conifers; Lignustrum vulgare, Viburnum opulus, Nerium oleander, Berberis thunbergii of shrubs; and Common grass and Hedera helix of cover plants.

*''Connectivity to the Wider Green/Gray Structures
Darband river valley in its journey from Alborz Mountains toward plains through the middle of the city links many important services and facilities from urban to local scales. One of the most important structures is North Mountains itself, which during the week and weekends attract thousands of people to hike, mount, and spend leisure time. On the other hand, the river valley passes through main, high traffic roads and highways, which everyday millions of citizens use to go their work. All of these green/Gray structures stress the importance of this historical river valley and affect the river both negatively and positively. Before such an incredible development of the city, when all of the city with its borders was limited to current city center, most parts of these river valleys were far away from the city and its effects. At that time, mostly private gardens and orchards formed their banks.

*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Valleys.jpg|Main River Valleys
Image:Darband.jpg|Situation of Darband River Valley
Image:Journey.jpg|Journey of the River Valley from Mountains to Plains
</gallery>

== What are the overall objectives of your design? What are the specific objectives for enhancing green infrastrucutre? ==

''Please give a short written argumentation (not more than 150 words). It is ok if you have different or even contradicting objectives within your group. Just make it explicit at the beginning of your process ''

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing.''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Social nodes.jpg|Social nodes along the Darband river valley/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:Traffic nodes.jpg|Traffic analysis/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:An_1.jpg|Forman - Godron landscape ecology analysis shows that patches of open green spaces are scattered all across the city with no green connection between them. River valleys form separate corridors from north to south. Urban tissue matrix needs more patches of open green spaces that are interlinked with ecological corridors./Ana Žmire
Image:An_2.jpg|Cross sections of the Darband River valley/Ana Žmire
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes), of course with an emphasis on green infrastructure aspects. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing representing his/her individual ideas.''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Green Transportation network.jpg|Green Transportation network along the restored river valley/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:Restoration.jpg|Creating multifunctional green infrastructure/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:Pr_1.jpg|Green infrastructure elements that would improve Darband River valley/Ana Žmire
Image:Pr_2.jpg|Different zones of green infrastructure with an emphasis on different activities that would bring many benefits to the citizens/Ana Žmire
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==
''Please analyse the individual approaches presented so far and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses (you may use the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis SWOT]analysis model). Try to create a synthesis and represent it with a plan and some sketches. You can still use drawings/sketches.''

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Si_1.jpg|Zones of green infrastructure interconnected with Green Transportation network
Image:Si_2.jpg|Green infrastructure solutions for Darband River valley
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|synthesis drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|synthesis drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''“From my point of view, our collaborative design process was a good teamwork through which I have learned to approach the project in the other way and effectively communicate in such a virtual world. I trained myself to evaluate the site from a landscape architect’s point of view. I didn’t find a major difficulty, we easily interacted with each other and shared our thoughts. I think collaborative design is a challenging process that if the members have most thoughts and behaviors in common, it can be a valuable, useful experience.” Shahla Shahmoradi''

''“Our collaborative design process was indeed teamwork, we came with different professional backgrounds and different visions for site improvement that we discussed and successfully banded together. We had no problems communicating and resolving issues we came across. This assignment made me explore the city that is culturally completely different from mine, has a rich past and I hope I’ll be able to visit it someday. During our collaborative design process I came across some difficulties concerning the site and accessing additional information on the internet (due to language differences) but Shahla managed to resolve all my problems and provide me with needed information. Collaborative design is always a challenge and especially while not being able to communicate and share thoughts personally, but despite all that I had a good time and have learned a lot during last few months of this seminar." Ana Žmire''

== Image Gallery ==

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Buried Parts.jpg|Buried Parts
Image:Abandoned Parts.jpg|Abandoned Parts
Image:Blue Structures.jpg|Gray Structures
Image:Visual and Tactile Disconnection.jpg|Visual and Tactile Disconnection
</gallery>

== References ==

1. Aminzadeh, B., Khansefid, M. (2010). A case study of urban ecological networks and a sustainable city: Tehran’s metropolitan area. Urban Ecosystems 13 (2010): 23-26.

2. Fathejalali, A., Masoudi, M. (2011). Corridor Plans: An Opportunity to Develop Low Carbon Open Spaces Network-The Case Study in Tehran, Iran. Corridor Plans and Open Spaces Network, 47th ISOCARP Congress (2011).

3. Habib, F., Atabi, F., Laghaei, H., Mousavi Fatemi H., Janfada, K. (2014). Design of Dareh-Darakeh Nature Park for Ecotourism Development in Tehran Metropolitan City. International Journal of Ecosystem 4(5) (2014): 224-232.

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Collaborative Design]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group L

2015-01-26T02:25:08Z

Zmire Ana: /* Image Gallery */

---> back to group page [[Green Infrastructure 2014 - Working Group L|working group L]]

'''''Restoration of Darband River Valley with the Approach to a Green, High Quality Transportation Network'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Darband River Valley''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Tehran''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Iran''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ana Žmire, Shahla Shahmoradi, Fernanda Millán, Simona Sava-Paval''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:0051.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=35.696111
|lng=51.423055999999974
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==
*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''

*''Climate, water, and soil
Tehran is a mountainside city with an altitude of 900 to 1700 meters above the sea level located on the southern slopes of Alborz mountains. From east to west, the view is dominated by the Alborz mountains, with rivers that are full in springtime and dry in summertime, flowing to satiate underground water tables hidden in the very thick layers of sedimentary rocks (gravel, sand and clay) from the Quaternary. Multiple aqueducts bring the water to surface that, in turn, flows through irrigation canals and brooks along all streets and avenues of Tehran. Lower parts, between 900 to 1200 m, have a fertile soil and gentle slope that permit a productive agricultural activity. In these plains, there are many sources of surface or underground water tables, supplied by aqueducts, floodways and branched out rivers.
In the south of Tehran, the desert begins. Dry and very hot weather in summer and sometimes very cold in winter, make this region seem hostile. The contrast between mountain and desert, and even between north and south of the City, prevents weather crises from taking shape in any part of the year. When heavy snow obstructs mountain roads, plains in the rim of the desert have often a mild sunny weather.
Tehran region has a dry climate. The annual rate of rainfall is only 229mm at the downtown, 400mm in northern neighborhoods and less than 150mm in arable lands of south. Heavy rainfalls in Alborz mountains, mainly as snow, provide a fairly reliable source of water supply for Tehran’s residents and the City’s development. This water flows through a number of rivers and flood canals toward the desert in the south and is swallowed up by the thick layers of alluvium.

*''Main River Valleys in the City
Seven main river valleys pass through the city, including Darakeh, Velenjak, Darband, Golab Dareh, Jamshidyeh, Darabad, and Kan. All of these come from Alborz Mountains of Tehran, and after passing through urban areas reach lower plains in the south, where they meet agricultural lands. This case study concentrates on Darband river valley.
This river (“the Furious River” with 295/000/000 m3 of water per year) flows down from North mountains, passes beyond Hezardarreh hills, east of Tehran, and irrigates the great arable plain of Varamin.''

*''Overall Character and Current Conditions
By carefully looking at the map, Darband river valley and its path is recognized due to its especial natural form. But if we want to follow it in the city, it is not so easy. Some parts of it have been buried under buildings or streets. Other parts of it have been converted to "U" channels and covered by impervious materials such as stone. In terms of flora, except some scattered trees, which are planted alongside the wall of the river valley, there is not major planting adjacent to that. Actually the deep channels surrounding the bed of the river valley has taken the opportunity to plant trees, shrubs, or other kinds of vegetation. Right after the end of the river's walls, there are streets and buildings. This lack of attention to Darband river valley causes people to undermine it and throw their wastes in this river-channel, and this in turn causes major environmental pollution in the site.''

*''Flora
Tehran is rich in terms of the diversity of flora. While some of them are native to Iran, few, if any, of them are endemic to Tehran. Up to now, 13 endemic species of Tehran are known: Eritrichium mertonii (Family Boraginaceae), Buffonia hebecalyx (Family Caryophyllaceae), Stellaria scaturiginella (Family Caryophyllaceae), Centaurea carduiformis subsp. iranica (Family Compositae), Tanacetum polycephalum subsp. junesarens (Family Compositae), Taraxacum darbandense (Family Compositae), Convolvulus gracilininus (Family Ipomoea), Astragalus latianicus (Family Papaveraceae), Astragalus pseudobrunsianus (Family Papaveraceae), Hedysarum elbursense (Family Papaveraceae), Hedysarum hyrcanum var. hyrcanum (Family Papaveraceae), Vicia sojakii (Family Papaveraceae), Galium tehranicum (Family Rubiaceae). All of these species are herbaceous, which aren’t currently used in parks and landscapes. Predominant species of Tehran which are widely planted in parks, streets, and open spaces as well as alongside the river valleys are Platanus orientals, Morus nigra, Ulmus minor ‘umbraculifera’, Fraxinus excelsior, Quercus spp of broadleaved trees; Pinus eldarica and Cupressus arizonica of conifers; Lignustrum vulgare, Viburnum opulus, Nerium oleander, Berberis thunbergii of shrubs; and Common grass and Hedera helix of cover plants.

*''Connectivity to the Wider Green/Gray Structures
Darband river valley in its journey from Alborz Mountains toward plains through the middle of the city links many important services and facilities from urban to local scales. One of the most important structures is North Mountains itself, which during the week and weekends attract thousands of people to hike, mount, and spend leisure time. On the other hand, the river valley passes through main, high traffic roads and highways, which everyday millions of citizens use to go their work. All of these green/Gray structures stress the importance of this historical river valley and affect the river both negatively and positively. Before such an incredible development of the city, when all of the city with its borders was limited to current city center, most parts of these river valleys were far away from the city and its effects. At that time, mostly private gardens and orchards formed their banks.

*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Valleys.jpg|Main River Valleys
Image:Darband.jpg|Situation of Darband River Valley
Image:Journey.jpg|Journey of the River Valley from Mountains to Plains
</gallery>

== What are the overall objectives of your design? What are the specific objectives for enhancing green infrastrucutre? ==

''Please give a short written argumentation (not more than 150 words). It is ok if you have different or even contradicting objectives within your group. Just make it explicit at the beginning of your process ''

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing.''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Social nodes.jpg|Social nodes along the Darband river valley/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:Traffic nodes.jpg|Traffic analysis/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:An_1.jpg|Forman - Godron landscape ecology analysis shows that patches of open green spaces are scattered all across the city with no green connection between them. River valleys form separate corridors from north to south. Urban tissue matrix needs more patches of open green spaces that are interlinked with ecological corridors./Ana Žmire
Image:An_2.jpg|Cross sections of the Darband River valley/Ana Žmire
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes), of course with an emphasis on green infrastructure aspects. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing representing his/her individual ideas.''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Green Transportation network.jpg|Green Transportation network along the restored river valley/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:Restoration.jpg|Creating multifunctional green infrastructure/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:Pr_1.jpg|Green infrastructure elements that would improve Darband River valley/Ana Žmire
Image:Pr_2.jpg|Different zones of green infrastructure with an emphasis on different activities that would bring many benefits to the citizens/Ana Žmire
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==
''Please analyse the individual approaches presented so far and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses (you may use the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis SWOT]analysis model). Try to create a synthesis and represent it with a plan and some sketches. You can still use drawings/sketches.''

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Si_1.jpg|Zones of green infrastructure interconnected with Green Transportation network
Image:Si_2.jpg|Green infrastructure solutions for Darband River valley
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|synthesis drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|synthesis drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''“From my point of view, our collaborative design process was a good teamwork through which I have learned to approach the project in the other way and effectively communicate in such a virtual world. I trained myself to evaluate the site from a landscape architect’s point of view. I didn’t find a major difficulty, we easily interacted with each other and shared our thoughts. I think collaborative design is a challenging process that if the members have most thoughts and behaviors in common, it can be a valuable, useful experience.” Shahla Shahmoradi''

''“Our collaborative design process was indeed teamwork, we came with different professional backgrounds and different visions for site improvement that we discussed and successfully banded together. We had no problems communicating and resolving issues we came across. This assignment made me explore the city that is culturally completely different from mine, has a rich past and I hope I’ll be able to visit it someday. During our collaborative design process I came across some difficulties concerning the site and accessing additional information on the internet (due to language differences) but Shahla managed to resolve all my problems and provide me with needed information. Collaborative design is always a challenge and especially while not being able to communicate and share thoughts personally, but despite all that I had a good time and have learned a lot during last few months of this seminar." Ana Žmire''

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Buried Parts.jpg|Buried Parts
Image:Abandoned Parts.jpg|Abandoned Parts
Image:Blue Structures.jpg|Gray Structures
Image:Visual and Tactile Disconnection.jpg|Visual and Tactile Disconnection
</gallery>

== References ==

1. Aminzadeh, B., Khansefid, M. (2010). A case study of urban ecological networks and a sustainable city: Tehran’s metropolitan area. Urban Ecosystems 13 (2010): 23-26.

2. Fathejalali, A., Masoudi, M. (2011). Corridor Plans: An Opportunity to Develop Low Carbon Open Spaces Network-The Case Study in Tehran, Iran. Corridor Plans and Open Spaces Network, 47th ISOCARP Congress (2011).

3. Habib, F., Atabi, F., Laghaei, H., Mousavi Fatemi H., Janfada, K. (2014). Design of Dareh-Darakeh Nature Park for Ecotourism Development in Tehran Metropolitan City. International Journal of Ecosystem 4(5) (2014): 224-232.

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Collaborative Design]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group L

2015-01-26T02:24:53Z

Zmire Ana: /* Landscape and/or urban context of your case */

---> back to group page [[Green Infrastructure 2014 - Working Group L|working group L]]

'''''Restoration of Darband River Valley with the Approach to a Green, High Quality Transportation Network'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Darband River Valley''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Tehran''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Iran''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ana Žmire, Shahla Shahmoradi, Fernanda Millán, Simona Sava-Paval''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:0051.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=35.696111
|lng=51.423055999999974
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==
*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''

*''Climate, water, and soil
Tehran is a mountainside city with an altitude of 900 to 1700 meters above the sea level located on the southern slopes of Alborz mountains. From east to west, the view is dominated by the Alborz mountains, with rivers that are full in springtime and dry in summertime, flowing to satiate underground water tables hidden in the very thick layers of sedimentary rocks (gravel, sand and clay) from the Quaternary. Multiple aqueducts bring the water to surface that, in turn, flows through irrigation canals and brooks along all streets and avenues of Tehran. Lower parts, between 900 to 1200 m, have a fertile soil and gentle slope that permit a productive agricultural activity. In these plains, there are many sources of surface or underground water tables, supplied by aqueducts, floodways and branched out rivers.
In the south of Tehran, the desert begins. Dry and very hot weather in summer and sometimes very cold in winter, make this region seem hostile. The contrast between mountain and desert, and even between north and south of the City, prevents weather crises from taking shape in any part of the year. When heavy snow obstructs mountain roads, plains in the rim of the desert have often a mild sunny weather.
Tehran region has a dry climate. The annual rate of rainfall is only 229mm at the downtown, 400mm in northern neighborhoods and less than 150mm in arable lands of south. Heavy rainfalls in Alborz mountains, mainly as snow, provide a fairly reliable source of water supply for Tehran’s residents and the City’s development. This water flows through a number of rivers and flood canals toward the desert in the south and is swallowed up by the thick layers of alluvium.

*''Main River Valleys in the City
Seven main river valleys pass through the city, including Darakeh, Velenjak, Darband, Golab Dareh, Jamshidyeh, Darabad, and Kan. All of these come from Alborz Mountains of Tehran, and after passing through urban areas reach lower plains in the south, where they meet agricultural lands. This case study concentrates on Darband river valley.
This river (“the Furious River” with 295/000/000 m3 of water per year) flows down from North mountains, passes beyond Hezardarreh hills, east of Tehran, and irrigates the great arable plain of Varamin.''

*''Overall Character and Current Conditions
By carefully looking at the map, Darband river valley and its path is recognized due to its especial natural form. But if we want to follow it in the city, it is not so easy. Some parts of it have been buried under buildings or streets. Other parts of it have been converted to "U" channels and covered by impervious materials such as stone. In terms of flora, except some scattered trees, which are planted alongside the wall of the river valley, there is not major planting adjacent to that. Actually the deep channels surrounding the bed of the river valley has taken the opportunity to plant trees, shrubs, or other kinds of vegetation. Right after the end of the river's walls, there are streets and buildings. This lack of attention to Darband river valley causes people to undermine it and throw their wastes in this river-channel, and this in turn causes major environmental pollution in the site.''

*''Flora
Tehran is rich in terms of the diversity of flora. While some of them are native to Iran, few, if any, of them are endemic to Tehran. Up to now, 13 endemic species of Tehran are known: Eritrichium mertonii (Family Boraginaceae), Buffonia hebecalyx (Family Caryophyllaceae), Stellaria scaturiginella (Family Caryophyllaceae), Centaurea carduiformis subsp. iranica (Family Compositae), Tanacetum polycephalum subsp. junesarens (Family Compositae), Taraxacum darbandense (Family Compositae), Convolvulus gracilininus (Family Ipomoea), Astragalus latianicus (Family Papaveraceae), Astragalus pseudobrunsianus (Family Papaveraceae), Hedysarum elbursense (Family Papaveraceae), Hedysarum hyrcanum var. hyrcanum (Family Papaveraceae), Vicia sojakii (Family Papaveraceae), Galium tehranicum (Family Rubiaceae). All of these species are herbaceous, which aren’t currently used in parks and landscapes. Predominant species of Tehran which are widely planted in parks, streets, and open spaces as well as alongside the river valleys are Platanus orientals, Morus nigra, Ulmus minor ‘umbraculifera’, Fraxinus excelsior, Quercus spp of broadleaved trees; Pinus eldarica and Cupressus arizonica of conifers; Lignustrum vulgare, Viburnum opulus, Nerium oleander, Berberis thunbergii of shrubs; and Common grass and Hedera helix of cover plants.

*''Connectivity to the Wider Green/Gray Structures
Darband river valley in its journey from Alborz Mountains toward plains through the middle of the city links many important services and facilities from urban to local scales. One of the most important structures is North Mountains itself, which during the week and weekends attract thousands of people to hike, mount, and spend leisure time. On the other hand, the river valley passes through main, high traffic roads and highways, which everyday millions of citizens use to go their work. All of these green/Gray structures stress the importance of this historical river valley and affect the river both negatively and positively. Before such an incredible development of the city, when all of the city with its borders was limited to current city center, most parts of these river valleys were far away from the city and its effects. At that time, mostly private gardens and orchards formed their banks.

*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Valleys.jpg|Main River Valleys
Image:Darband.jpg|Situation of Darband River Valley
Image:Journey.jpg|Journey of the River Valley from Mountains to Plains
</gallery>

== What are the overall objectives of your design? What are the specific objectives for enhancing green infrastrucutre? ==

''Please give a short written argumentation (not more than 150 words). It is ok if you have different or even contradicting objectives within your group. Just make it explicit at the beginning of your process ''

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing.''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Social nodes.jpg|Social nodes along the Darband river valley/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:Traffic nodes.jpg|Traffic analysis/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:An_1.jpg|Forman - Godron landscape ecology analysis shows that patches of open green spaces are scattered all across the city with no green connection between them. River valleys form separate corridors from north to south. Urban tissue matrix needs more patches of open green spaces that are interlinked with ecological corridors./Ana Žmire
Image:An_2.jpg|Cross sections of the Darband River valley/Ana Žmire
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes), of course with an emphasis on green infrastructure aspects. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing representing his/her individual ideas.''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Green Transportation network.jpg|Green Transportation network along the restored river valley/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:Restoration.jpg|Creating multifunctional green infrastructure/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:Pr_1.jpg|Green infrastructure elements that would improve Darband River valley/Ana Žmire
Image:Pr_2.jpg|Different zones of green infrastructure with an emphasis on different activities that would bring many benefits to the citizens/Ana Žmire
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==
''Please analyse the individual approaches presented so far and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses (you may use the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis SWOT]analysis model). Try to create a synthesis and represent it with a plan and some sketches. You can still use drawings/sketches.''

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Si_1.jpg|Zones of green infrastructure interconnected with Green Transportation network
Image:Si_2.jpg|Green infrastructure solutions for Darband River valley
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|synthesis drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|synthesis drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''“From my point of view, our collaborative design process was a good teamwork through which I have learned to approach the project in the other way and effectively communicate in such a virtual world. I trained myself to evaluate the site from a landscape architect’s point of view. I didn’t find a major difficulty, we easily interacted with each other and shared our thoughts. I think collaborative design is a challenging process that if the members have most thoughts and behaviors in common, it can be a valuable, useful experience.” Shahla Shahmoradi''

''“Our collaborative design process was indeed teamwork, we came with different professional backgrounds and different visions for site improvement that we discussed and successfully banded together. We had no problems communicating and resolving issues we came across. This assignment made me explore the city that is culturally completely different from mine, has a rich past and I hope I’ll be able to visit it someday. During our collaborative design process I came across some difficulties concerning the site and accessing additional information on the internet (due to language differences) but Shahla managed to resolve all my problems and provide me with needed information. Collaborative design is always a challenge and especially while not being able to communicate and share thoughts personally, but despite all that I had a good time and have learned a lot during last few months of this seminar." Ana Žmire''

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|image 1
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|image 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|image 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|image 4
</gallery>

== References ==

1. Aminzadeh, B., Khansefid, M. (2010). A case study of urban ecological networks and a sustainable city: Tehran’s metropolitan area. Urban Ecosystems 13 (2010): 23-26.

2. Fathejalali, A., Masoudi, M. (2011). Corridor Plans: An Opportunity to Develop Low Carbon Open Spaces Network-The Case Study in Tehran, Iran. Corridor Plans and Open Spaces Network, 47th ISOCARP Congress (2011).

3. Habib, F., Atabi, F., Laghaei, H., Mousavi Fatemi H., Janfada, K. (2014). Design of Dareh-Darakeh Nature Park for Ecotourism Development in Tehran Metropolitan City. International Journal of Ecosystem 4(5) (2014): 224-232.

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Collaborative Design]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group L

2015-01-26T01:40:14Z

Zmire Ana: /* Design Synthesis */

---> back to group page [[Green Infrastructure 2014 - Working Group L|working group L]]

'''''Restoration of Darband River Valley with the Approach to a Green, High Quality Transportation Network'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Darband River Valley''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Tehran''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Iran''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ana Žmire, Shahla Shahmoradi, Fernanda Millán, Simona Sava-Paval''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:0051.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=35.696111
|lng=51.423055999999974
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==
*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''

*''Climate, water, and soil
Tehran is a mountainside city with an altitude of 900 to 1700 meters above the sea level located on the southern slopes of Alborz mountains. From east to west, the view is dominated by the Alborz mountains, with rivers that are full in springtime and dry in summertime, flowing to satiate underground water tables hidden in the very thick layers of sedimentary rocks (gravel, sand and clay) from the Quaternary. Multiple aqueducts bring the water to surface that, in turn, flows through irrigation canals and brooks along all streets and avenues of Tehran. Lower parts, between 900 to 1200 m, have a fertile soil and gentle slope that permit a productive agricultural activity. In these plains, there are many sources of surface or underground water tables, supplied by aqueducts, floodways and branched out rivers.
In the south of Tehran, the desert begins. Dry and very hot weather in summer and sometimes very cold in winter, make this region seem hostile. The contrast between mountain and desert, and even between north and south of the City, prevents weather crises from taking shape in any part of the year. When heavy snow obstructs mountain roads, plains in the rim of the desert have often a mild sunny weather.
Tehran region has a dry climate. The annual rate of rainfall is only 229mm at the downtown, 400mm in northern neighborhoods and less than 150mm in arable lands of south. Heavy rainfalls in Alborz mountains, mainly as snow, provide a fairly reliable source of water supply for Tehran’s residents and the City’s development. This water flows through a number of rivers and flood canals toward the desert in the south and is swallowed up by the thick layers of alluvium.

*''Main River Valleys in the City
Seven main river valleys pass through the city, including Darakeh, Velenjak, Darband, Golab Dareh, Jamshidyeh, Darabad, and Kan. All of these come from Alborz Mountains of Tehran, and after passing through urban areas reach lower plains in the south, where they meet agricultural lands. This case study concentrates on Darband river valley.
This river (“the Furious River” with 295/000/000 m3 of water per year) flows down from North mountains, passes beyond Hezardarreh hills, east of Tehran, and irrigates the great arable plain of Varamin.''

*''Overall Character and Current Conditions
By carefully looking at the map, Darband river valley and its path is recognized due to its especial natural form. But if we want to follow it in the city, it is not so easy. Some parts of it have been buried under buildings or streets. Other parts of it have been converted to "U" channels and covered by impervious materials such as stone. In terms of flora, except some scattered trees, which are planted alongside the wall of the river valley, there is not major planting adjacent to that. Actually the deep channels surrounding the bed of the river valley has taken the opportunity to plant trees, shrubs, or other kinds of vegetation. Right after the end of the river's walls, there are streets and buildings. This lack of attention to Darband river valley causes people to undermine it and throw their wastes in this river-channel, and this in turn causes major environmental pollution in the site.''

*''Flora
Tehran is rich in terms of the diversity of flora. While some of them are native to Iran, few, if any, of them are endemic to Tehran. Up to now, 13 endemic species of Tehran are known: Eritrichium mertonii (Family Boraginaceae), Buffonia hebecalyx (Family Caryophyllaceae), Stellaria scaturiginella (Family Caryophyllaceae), Centaurea carduiformis subsp. iranica (Family Compositae), Tanacetum polycephalum subsp. junesarens (Family Compositae), Taraxacum darbandense (Family Compositae), Convolvulus gracilininus (Family Ipomoea), Astragalus latianicus (Family Papaveraceae), Astragalus pseudobrunsianus (Family Papaveraceae), Hedysarum elbursense (Family Papaveraceae), Hedysarum hyrcanum var. hyrcanum (Family Papaveraceae), Vicia sojakii (Family Papaveraceae), Galium tehranicum (Family Rubiaceae). All of these species are herbaceous, which aren’t currently used in parks and landscapes. Predominant species of Tehran which are widely planted in parks, streets, and open spaces as well as alongside the river valleys are Platanus orientals, Morus nigra, Ulmus minor ‘umbraculifera’, Fraxinus excelsior, Quercus spp of broadleaved trees; Pinus eldarica and Cupressus arizonica of conifers; Lignustrum vulgare, Viburnum opulus, Nerium oleander, Berberis thunbergii of shrubs; and Common grass and Hedera helix of cover plants.

*''Connectivity to the Wider Green/Gray Structures
Darband river valley in its journey from Alborz Mountains toward plains through the middle of the city links many important services and facilities from urban to local scales. One of the most important structures is North Mountains itself, which during the week and weekends attract thousands of people to hike, mount, and spend leisure time. On the other hand, the river valley passes through main, high traffic roads and highways, which everyday millions of citizens use to go their work. All of these green/Gray structures stress the importance of this historical river valley and affect the river both negatively and positively. Before such an incredible development of the city, when all of the city with its borders was limited to current city center, most parts of these river valleys were far away from the city and its effects. At that time, mostly private gardens and orchards formed their banks.

*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Valleys.jpg|Main River Valleys
Image:Darband.jpg|Situation of Darband River Valley
Image:Buried Parts.jpg|Buried Parts
Image:Abandoned Parts.jpg|Abandoned Parts
Image:Blue Structures.jpg|Gray Structures
Image:Visual and Tactile Disconnection.jpg|Visual and Tactile Disconnection
Image:Journey.jpg|Journey of the River Valley from Mountains to Plains
</gallery>

== What are the overall objectives of your design? What are the specific objectives for enhancing green infrastrucutre? ==

''Please give a short written argumentation (not more than 150 words). It is ok if you have different or even contradicting objectives within your group. Just make it explicit at the beginning of your process ''

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing.''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Social nodes.jpg|Social nodes along the Darband river valley/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:Traffic nodes.jpg|Traffic analysis/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:An_1.jpg|Forman - Godron landscape ecology analysis shows that patches of open green spaces are scattered all across the city with no green connection between them. River valleys form separate corridors from north to south. Urban tissue matrix needs more patches of open green spaces that are interlinked with ecological corridors./Ana Žmire
Image:An_2.jpg|Cross sections of the Darband River valley/Ana Žmire
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes), of course with an emphasis on green infrastructure aspects. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing representing his/her individual ideas.''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Green Transportation network.jpg|Green Transportation network along the restored river valley/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:Restoration.jpg|Creating multifunctional green infrastructure/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:Pr_1.jpg|Green infrastructure elements that would improve Darband River valley/Ana Žmire
Image:Pr_2.jpg|Different zones of green infrastructure with an emphasis on different activities that would bring many benefits to the citizens/Ana Žmire
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==
''Please analyse the individual approaches presented so far and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses (you may use the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis SWOT]analysis model). Try to create a synthesis and represent it with a plan and some sketches. You can still use drawings/sketches.''

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Si_1.jpg|Zones of green infrastructure interconnected with Green Transportation network
Image:Si_2.jpg|Green infrastructure solutions for Darband River valley
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|synthesis drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|synthesis drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''“From my point of view, our collaborative design process was a good teamwork through which I have learned to approach the project in the other way and effectively communicate in such a virtual world. I trained myself to evaluate the site from a landscape architect’s point of view. I didn’t find a major difficulty, we easily interacted with each other and shared our thoughts. I think collaborative design is a challenging process that if the members have most thoughts and behaviors in common, it can be a valuable, useful experience.” Shahla Shahmoradi''

''“Our collaborative design process was indeed teamwork, we came with different professional backgrounds and different visions for site improvement that we discussed and successfully banded together. We had no problems communicating and resolving issues we came across. This assignment made me explore the city that is culturally completely different from mine, has a rich past and I hope I’ll be able to visit it someday. During our collaborative design process I came across some difficulties concerning the site and accessing additional information on the internet (due to language differences) but Shahla managed to resolve all my problems and provide me with needed information. Collaborative design is always a challenge and especially while not being able to communicate and share thoughts personally, but despite all that I had a good time and have learned a lot during last few months of this seminar." Ana Žmire''

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|image 1
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|image 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|image 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|image 4
</gallery>

== References ==

1. Aminzadeh, B., Khansefid, M. (2010). A case study of urban ecological networks and a sustainable city: Tehran’s metropolitan area. Urban Ecosystems 13 (2010): 23-26.

2. Fathejalali, A., Masoudi, M. (2011). Corridor Plans: An Opportunity to Develop Low Carbon Open Spaces Network-The Case Study in Tehran, Iran. Corridor Plans and Open Spaces Network, 47th ISOCARP Congress (2011).

3. Habib, F., Atabi, F., Laghaei, H., Mousavi Fatemi H., Janfada, K. (2014). Design of Dareh-Darakeh Nature Park for Ecotourism Development in Tehran Metropolitan City. International Journal of Ecosystem 4(5) (2014): 224-232.

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Collaborative Design]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

File:Si 2.jpg

2015-01-26T01:38:25Z

Zmire Ana:

File:Si 1.jpg

2015-01-26T01:36:23Z

Zmire Ana:

Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group L

2015-01-26T01:35:51Z

Zmire Ana: /* Projective drawings */

---> back to group page [[Green Infrastructure 2014 - Working Group L|working group L]]

'''''Restoration of Darband River Valley with the Approach to a Green, High Quality Transportation Network'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Darband River Valley''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Tehran''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Iran''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ana Žmire, Shahla Shahmoradi, Fernanda Millán, Simona Sava-Paval''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:0051.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=35.696111
|lng=51.423055999999974
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==
*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''

*''Climate, water, and soil
Tehran is a mountainside city with an altitude of 900 to 1700 meters above the sea level located on the southern slopes of Alborz mountains. From east to west, the view is dominated by the Alborz mountains, with rivers that are full in springtime and dry in summertime, flowing to satiate underground water tables hidden in the very thick layers of sedimentary rocks (gravel, sand and clay) from the Quaternary. Multiple aqueducts bring the water to surface that, in turn, flows through irrigation canals and brooks along all streets and avenues of Tehran. Lower parts, between 900 to 1200 m, have a fertile soil and gentle slope that permit a productive agricultural activity. In these plains, there are many sources of surface or underground water tables, supplied by aqueducts, floodways and branched out rivers.
In the south of Tehran, the desert begins. Dry and very hot weather in summer and sometimes very cold in winter, make this region seem hostile. The contrast between mountain and desert, and even between north and south of the City, prevents weather crises from taking shape in any part of the year. When heavy snow obstructs mountain roads, plains in the rim of the desert have often a mild sunny weather.
Tehran region has a dry climate. The annual rate of rainfall is only 229mm at the downtown, 400mm in northern neighborhoods and less than 150mm in arable lands of south. Heavy rainfalls in Alborz mountains, mainly as snow, provide a fairly reliable source of water supply for Tehran’s residents and the City’s development. This water flows through a number of rivers and flood canals toward the desert in the south and is swallowed up by the thick layers of alluvium.

*''Main River Valleys in the City
Seven main river valleys pass through the city, including Darakeh, Velenjak, Darband, Golab Dareh, Jamshidyeh, Darabad, and Kan. All of these come from Alborz Mountains of Tehran, and after passing through urban areas reach lower plains in the south, where they meet agricultural lands. This case study concentrates on Darband river valley.
This river (“the Furious River” with 295/000/000 m3 of water per year) flows down from North mountains, passes beyond Hezardarreh hills, east of Tehran, and irrigates the great arable plain of Varamin.''

*''Overall Character and Current Conditions
By carefully looking at the map, Darband river valley and its path is recognized due to its especial natural form. But if we want to follow it in the city, it is not so easy. Some parts of it have been buried under buildings or streets. Other parts of it have been converted to "U" channels and covered by impervious materials such as stone. In terms of flora, except some scattered trees, which are planted alongside the wall of the river valley, there is not major planting adjacent to that. Actually the deep channels surrounding the bed of the river valley has taken the opportunity to plant trees, shrubs, or other kinds of vegetation. Right after the end of the river's walls, there are streets and buildings. This lack of attention to Darband river valley causes people to undermine it and throw their wastes in this river-channel, and this in turn causes major environmental pollution in the site.''

*''Flora
Tehran is rich in terms of the diversity of flora. While some of them are native to Iran, few, if any, of them are endemic to Tehran. Up to now, 13 endemic species of Tehran are known: Eritrichium mertonii (Family Boraginaceae), Buffonia hebecalyx (Family Caryophyllaceae), Stellaria scaturiginella (Family Caryophyllaceae), Centaurea carduiformis subsp. iranica (Family Compositae), Tanacetum polycephalum subsp. junesarens (Family Compositae), Taraxacum darbandense (Family Compositae), Convolvulus gracilininus (Family Ipomoea), Astragalus latianicus (Family Papaveraceae), Astragalus pseudobrunsianus (Family Papaveraceae), Hedysarum elbursense (Family Papaveraceae), Hedysarum hyrcanum var. hyrcanum (Family Papaveraceae), Vicia sojakii (Family Papaveraceae), Galium tehranicum (Family Rubiaceae). All of these species are herbaceous, which aren’t currently used in parks and landscapes. Predominant species of Tehran which are widely planted in parks, streets, and open spaces as well as alongside the river valleys are Platanus orientals, Morus nigra, Ulmus minor ‘umbraculifera’, Fraxinus excelsior, Quercus spp of broadleaved trees; Pinus eldarica and Cupressus arizonica of conifers; Lignustrum vulgare, Viburnum opulus, Nerium oleander, Berberis thunbergii of shrubs; and Common grass and Hedera helix of cover plants.

*''Connectivity to the Wider Green/Gray Structures
Darband river valley in its journey from Alborz Mountains toward plains through the middle of the city links many important services and facilities from urban to local scales. One of the most important structures is North Mountains itself, which during the week and weekends attract thousands of people to hike, mount, and spend leisure time. On the other hand, the river valley passes through main, high traffic roads and highways, which everyday millions of citizens use to go their work. All of these green/Gray structures stress the importance of this historical river valley and affect the river both negatively and positively. Before such an incredible development of the city, when all of the city with its borders was limited to current city center, most parts of these river valleys were far away from the city and its effects. At that time, mostly private gardens and orchards formed their banks.

*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Valleys.jpg|Main River Valleys
Image:Darband.jpg|Situation of Darband River Valley
Image:Buried Parts.jpg|Buried Parts
Image:Abandoned Parts.jpg|Abandoned Parts
Image:Blue Structures.jpg|Gray Structures
Image:Visual and Tactile Disconnection.jpg|Visual and Tactile Disconnection
Image:Journey.jpg|Journey of the River Valley from Mountains to Plains
</gallery>

== What are the overall objectives of your design? What are the specific objectives for enhancing green infrastrucutre? ==

''Please give a short written argumentation (not more than 150 words). It is ok if you have different or even contradicting objectives within your group. Just make it explicit at the beginning of your process ''

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing.''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Social nodes.jpg|Social nodes along the Darband river valley/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:Traffic nodes.jpg|Traffic analysis/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:An_1.jpg|Forman - Godron landscape ecology analysis shows that patches of open green spaces are scattered all across the city with no green connection between them. River valleys form separate corridors from north to south. Urban tissue matrix needs more patches of open green spaces that are interlinked with ecological corridors./Ana Žmire
Image:An_2.jpg|Cross sections of the Darband River valley/Ana Žmire
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes), of course with an emphasis on green infrastructure aspects. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing representing his/her individual ideas.''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Green Transportation network.jpg|Green Transportation network along the restored river valley/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:Restoration.jpg|Creating multifunctional green infrastructure/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:Pr_1.jpg|Green infrastructure elements that would improve Darband River valley/Ana Žmire
Image:Pr_2.jpg|Different zones of green infrastructure with an emphasis on different activities that would bring many benefits to the citizens/Ana Žmire
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==
''Please analyse the individual approaches presented so far and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses (you may use the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis SWOT]analysis model). Try to create a synthesis and represent it with a plan and some sketches. You can still use drawings/sketches.''

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|synthesis drawing 1
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|synthesis drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|synthesis drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|synthesis drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''“From my point of view, our collaborative design process was a good teamwork through which I have learned to approach the project in the other way and effectively communicate in such a virtual world. I trained myself to evaluate the site from a landscape architect’s point of view. I didn’t find a major difficulty, we easily interacted with each other and shared our thoughts. I think collaborative design is a challenging process that if the members have most thoughts and behaviors in common, it can be a valuable, useful experience.” Shahla Shahmoradi''

''“Our collaborative design process was indeed teamwork, we came with different professional backgrounds and different visions for site improvement that we discussed and successfully banded together. We had no problems communicating and resolving issues we came across. This assignment made me explore the city that is culturally completely different from mine, has a rich past and I hope I’ll be able to visit it someday. During our collaborative design process I came across some difficulties concerning the site and accessing additional information on the internet (due to language differences) but Shahla managed to resolve all my problems and provide me with needed information. Collaborative design is always a challenge and especially while not being able to communicate and share thoughts personally, but despite all that I had a good time and have learned a lot during last few months of this seminar." Ana Žmire''

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|image 1
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|image 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|image 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|image 4
</gallery>

== References ==

1. Aminzadeh, B., Khansefid, M. (2010). A case study of urban ecological networks and a sustainable city: Tehran’s metropolitan area. Urban Ecosystems 13 (2010): 23-26.

2. Fathejalali, A., Masoudi, M. (2011). Corridor Plans: An Opportunity to Develop Low Carbon Open Spaces Network-The Case Study in Tehran, Iran. Corridor Plans and Open Spaces Network, 47th ISOCARP Congress (2011).

3. Habib, F., Atabi, F., Laghaei, H., Mousavi Fatemi H., Janfada, K. (2014). Design of Dareh-Darakeh Nature Park for Ecotourism Development in Tehran Metropolitan City. International Journal of Ecosystem 4(5) (2014): 224-232.

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Collaborative Design]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

File:Pr 2.jpg

2015-01-26T01:31:22Z

Zmire Ana:

File:Pr 1.jpg

2015-01-26T01:30:37Z

Zmire Ana:

Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group L

2015-01-26T01:30:17Z

Zmire Ana: /* Analytical drawings */

---> back to group page [[Green Infrastructure 2014 - Working Group L|working group L]]

'''''Restoration of Darband River Valley with the Approach to a Green, High Quality Transportation Network'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Darband River Valley''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Tehran''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Iran''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ana Žmire, Shahla Shahmoradi, Fernanda Millán, Simona Sava-Paval''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:0051.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=35.696111
|lng=51.423055999999974
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==
*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''

*''Climate, water, and soil
Tehran is a mountainside city with an altitude of 900 to 1700 meters above the sea level located on the southern slopes of Alborz mountains. From east to west, the view is dominated by the Alborz mountains, with rivers that are full in springtime and dry in summertime, flowing to satiate underground water tables hidden in the very thick layers of sedimentary rocks (gravel, sand and clay) from the Quaternary. Multiple aqueducts bring the water to surface that, in turn, flows through irrigation canals and brooks along all streets and avenues of Tehran. Lower parts, between 900 to 1200 m, have a fertile soil and gentle slope that permit a productive agricultural activity. In these plains, there are many sources of surface or underground water tables, supplied by aqueducts, floodways and branched out rivers.
In the south of Tehran, the desert begins. Dry and very hot weather in summer and sometimes very cold in winter, make this region seem hostile. The contrast between mountain and desert, and even between north and south of the City, prevents weather crises from taking shape in any part of the year. When heavy snow obstructs mountain roads, plains in the rim of the desert have often a mild sunny weather.
Tehran region has a dry climate. The annual rate of rainfall is only 229mm at the downtown, 400mm in northern neighborhoods and less than 150mm in arable lands of south. Heavy rainfalls in Alborz mountains, mainly as snow, provide a fairly reliable source of water supply for Tehran’s residents and the City’s development. This water flows through a number of rivers and flood canals toward the desert in the south and is swallowed up by the thick layers of alluvium.

*''Main River Valleys in the City
Seven main river valleys pass through the city, including Darakeh, Velenjak, Darband, Golab Dareh, Jamshidyeh, Darabad, and Kan. All of these come from Alborz Mountains of Tehran, and after passing through urban areas reach lower plains in the south, where they meet agricultural lands. This case study concentrates on Darband river valley.
This river (“the Furious River” with 295/000/000 m3 of water per year) flows down from North mountains, passes beyond Hezardarreh hills, east of Tehran, and irrigates the great arable plain of Varamin.''

*''Overall Character and Current Conditions
By carefully looking at the map, Darband river valley and its path is recognized due to its especial natural form. But if we want to follow it in the city, it is not so easy. Some parts of it have been buried under buildings or streets. Other parts of it have been converted to "U" channels and covered by impervious materials such as stone. In terms of flora, except some scattered trees, which are planted alongside the wall of the river valley, there is not major planting adjacent to that. Actually the deep channels surrounding the bed of the river valley has taken the opportunity to plant trees, shrubs, or other kinds of vegetation. Right after the end of the river's walls, there are streets and buildings. This lack of attention to Darband river valley causes people to undermine it and throw their wastes in this river-channel, and this in turn causes major environmental pollution in the site.''

*''Flora
Tehran is rich in terms of the diversity of flora. While some of them are native to Iran, few, if any, of them are endemic to Tehran. Up to now, 13 endemic species of Tehran are known: Eritrichium mertonii (Family Boraginaceae), Buffonia hebecalyx (Family Caryophyllaceae), Stellaria scaturiginella (Family Caryophyllaceae), Centaurea carduiformis subsp. iranica (Family Compositae), Tanacetum polycephalum subsp. junesarens (Family Compositae), Taraxacum darbandense (Family Compositae), Convolvulus gracilininus (Family Ipomoea), Astragalus latianicus (Family Papaveraceae), Astragalus pseudobrunsianus (Family Papaveraceae), Hedysarum elbursense (Family Papaveraceae), Hedysarum hyrcanum var. hyrcanum (Family Papaveraceae), Vicia sojakii (Family Papaveraceae), Galium tehranicum (Family Rubiaceae). All of these species are herbaceous, which aren’t currently used in parks and landscapes. Predominant species of Tehran which are widely planted in parks, streets, and open spaces as well as alongside the river valleys are Platanus orientals, Morus nigra, Ulmus minor ‘umbraculifera’, Fraxinus excelsior, Quercus spp of broadleaved trees; Pinus eldarica and Cupressus arizonica of conifers; Lignustrum vulgare, Viburnum opulus, Nerium oleander, Berberis thunbergii of shrubs; and Common grass and Hedera helix of cover plants.

*''Connectivity to the Wider Green/Gray Structures
Darband river valley in its journey from Alborz Mountains toward plains through the middle of the city links many important services and facilities from urban to local scales. One of the most important structures is North Mountains itself, which during the week and weekends attract thousands of people to hike, mount, and spend leisure time. On the other hand, the river valley passes through main, high traffic roads and highways, which everyday millions of citizens use to go their work. All of these green/Gray structures stress the importance of this historical river valley and affect the river both negatively and positively. Before such an incredible development of the city, when all of the city with its borders was limited to current city center, most parts of these river valleys were far away from the city and its effects. At that time, mostly private gardens and orchards formed their banks.

*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Valleys.jpg|Main River Valleys
Image:Darband.jpg|Situation of Darband River Valley
Image:Buried Parts.jpg|Buried Parts
Image:Abandoned Parts.jpg|Abandoned Parts
Image:Blue Structures.jpg|Gray Structures
Image:Visual and Tactile Disconnection.jpg|Visual and Tactile Disconnection
Image:Journey.jpg|Journey of the River Valley from Mountains to Plains
</gallery>

== What are the overall objectives of your design? What are the specific objectives for enhancing green infrastrucutre? ==

''Please give a short written argumentation (not more than 150 words). It is ok if you have different or even contradicting objectives within your group. Just make it explicit at the beginning of your process ''

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing.''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Social nodes.jpg|Social nodes along the Darband river valley/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:Traffic nodes.jpg|Traffic analysis/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:An_1.jpg|Forman - Godron landscape ecology analysis shows that patches of open green spaces are scattered all across the city with no green connection between them. River valleys form separate corridors from north to south. Urban tissue matrix needs more patches of open green spaces that are interlinked with ecological corridors./Ana Žmire
Image:An_2.jpg|Cross sections of the Darband River valley/Ana Žmire
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes), of course with an emphasis on green infrastructure aspects. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing representing his/her individual ideas.''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Green Transportation network.jpg|Green Transportation network along the restored river valley/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:Restoration.jpg|Creating multifunctional green infrastructure/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|projective drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|projective drawing 4
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==
''Please analyse the individual approaches presented so far and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses (you may use the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis SWOT]analysis model). Try to create a synthesis and represent it with a plan and some sketches. You can still use drawings/sketches.''

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|synthesis drawing 1
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|synthesis drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|synthesis drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|synthesis drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''“From my point of view, our collaborative design process was a good teamwork through which I have learned to approach the project in the other way and effectively communicate in such a virtual world. I trained myself to evaluate the site from a landscape architect’s point of view. I didn’t find a major difficulty, we easily interacted with each other and shared our thoughts. I think collaborative design is a challenging process that if the members have most thoughts and behaviors in common, it can be a valuable, useful experience.” Shahla Shahmoradi''

''“Our collaborative design process was indeed teamwork, we came with different professional backgrounds and different visions for site improvement that we discussed and successfully banded together. We had no problems communicating and resolving issues we came across. This assignment made me explore the city that is culturally completely different from mine, has a rich past and I hope I’ll be able to visit it someday. During our collaborative design process I came across some difficulties concerning the site and accessing additional information on the internet (due to language differences) but Shahla managed to resolve all my problems and provide me with needed information. Collaborative design is always a challenge and especially while not being able to communicate and share thoughts personally, but despite all that I had a good time and have learned a lot during last few months of this seminar." Ana Žmire''

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|image 1
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|image 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|image 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|image 4
</gallery>

== References ==

1. Aminzadeh, B., Khansefid, M. (2010). A case study of urban ecological networks and a sustainable city: Tehran’s metropolitan area. Urban Ecosystems 13 (2010): 23-26.

2. Fathejalali, A., Masoudi, M. (2011). Corridor Plans: An Opportunity to Develop Low Carbon Open Spaces Network-The Case Study in Tehran, Iran. Corridor Plans and Open Spaces Network, 47th ISOCARP Congress (2011).

3. Habib, F., Atabi, F., Laghaei, H., Mousavi Fatemi H., Janfada, K. (2014). Design of Dareh-Darakeh Nature Park for Ecotourism Development in Tehran Metropolitan City. International Journal of Ecosystem 4(5) (2014): 224-232.

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Collaborative Design]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

File:An 2.jpg

2015-01-26T01:22:10Z

Zmire Ana:

File:An 1.jpg

2015-01-26T01:21:48Z

Zmire Ana:

Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group L

2015-01-26T01:01:54Z

Zmire Ana: /* References */

---> back to group page [[Green Infrastructure 2014 - Working Group L|working group L]]

'''''Restoration of Darband River Valley with the Approach to a Green, High Quality Transportation Network'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Darband River Valley''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Tehran''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Iran''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ana Žmire, Shahla Shahmoradi, Fernanda Millán, Simona Sava-Paval''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:0051.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=35.696111
|lng=51.423055999999974
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==
*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''

*''Climate, water, and soil
Tehran is a mountainside city with an altitude of 900 to 1700 meters above the sea level located on the southern slopes of Alborz mountains. From east to west, the view is dominated by the Alborz mountains, with rivers that are full in springtime and dry in summertime, flowing to satiate underground water tables hidden in the very thick layers of sedimentary rocks (gravel, sand and clay) from the Quaternary. Multiple aqueducts bring the water to surface that, in turn, flows through irrigation canals and brooks along all streets and avenues of Tehran. Lower parts, between 900 to 1200 m, have a fertile soil and gentle slope that permit a productive agricultural activity. In these plains, there are many sources of surface or underground water tables, supplied by aqueducts, floodways and branched out rivers.
In the south of Tehran, the desert begins. Dry and very hot weather in summer and sometimes very cold in winter, make this region seem hostile. The contrast between mountain and desert, and even between north and south of the City, prevents weather crises from taking shape in any part of the year. When heavy snow obstructs mountain roads, plains in the rim of the desert have often a mild sunny weather.
Tehran region has a dry climate. The annual rate of rainfall is only 229mm at the downtown, 400mm in northern neighborhoods and less than 150mm in arable lands of south. Heavy rainfalls in Alborz mountains, mainly as snow, provide a fairly reliable source of water supply for Tehran’s residents and the City’s development. This water flows through a number of rivers and flood canals toward the desert in the south and is swallowed up by the thick layers of alluvium.

*''Main River Valleys in the City
Seven main river valleys pass through the city, including Darakeh, Velenjak, Darband, Golab Dareh, Jamshidyeh, Darabad, and Kan. All of these come from Alborz Mountains of Tehran, and after passing through urban areas reach lower plains in the south, where they meet agricultural lands. This case study concentrates on Darband river valley.
This river (“the Furious River” with 295/000/000 m3 of water per year) flows down from North mountains, passes beyond Hezardarreh hills, east of Tehran, and irrigates the great arable plain of Varamin.''

*''Overall Character and Current Conditions
By carefully looking at the map, Darband river valley and its path is recognized due to its especial natural form. But if we want to follow it in the city, it is not so easy. Some parts of it have been buried under buildings or streets. Other parts of it have been converted to "U" channels and covered by impervious materials such as stone. In terms of flora, except some scattered trees, which are planted alongside the wall of the river valley, there is not major planting adjacent to that. Actually the deep channels surrounding the bed of the river valley has taken the opportunity to plant trees, shrubs, or other kinds of vegetation. Right after the end of the river's walls, there are streets and buildings. This lack of attention to Darband river valley causes people to undermine it and throw their wastes in this river-channel, and this in turn causes major environmental pollution in the site.''

*''Flora
Tehran is rich in terms of the diversity of flora. While some of them are native to Iran, few, if any, of them are endemic to Tehran. Up to now, 13 endemic species of Tehran are known: Eritrichium mertonii (Family Boraginaceae), Buffonia hebecalyx (Family Caryophyllaceae), Stellaria scaturiginella (Family Caryophyllaceae), Centaurea carduiformis subsp. iranica (Family Compositae), Tanacetum polycephalum subsp. junesarens (Family Compositae), Taraxacum darbandense (Family Compositae), Convolvulus gracilininus (Family Ipomoea), Astragalus latianicus (Family Papaveraceae), Astragalus pseudobrunsianus (Family Papaveraceae), Hedysarum elbursense (Family Papaveraceae), Hedysarum hyrcanum var. hyrcanum (Family Papaveraceae), Vicia sojakii (Family Papaveraceae), Galium tehranicum (Family Rubiaceae). All of these species are herbaceous, which aren’t currently used in parks and landscapes. Predominant species of Tehran which are widely planted in parks, streets, and open spaces as well as alongside the river valleys are Platanus orientals, Morus nigra, Ulmus minor ‘umbraculifera’, Fraxinus excelsior, Quercus spp of broadleaved trees; Pinus eldarica and Cupressus arizonica of conifers; Lignustrum vulgare, Viburnum opulus, Nerium oleander, Berberis thunbergii of shrubs; and Common grass and Hedera helix of cover plants.

*''Connectivity to the Wider Green/Gray Structures
Darband river valley in its journey from Alborz Mountains toward plains through the middle of the city links many important services and facilities from urban to local scales. One of the most important structures is North Mountains itself, which during the week and weekends attract thousands of people to hike, mount, and spend leisure time. On the other hand, the river valley passes through main, high traffic roads and highways, which everyday millions of citizens use to go their work. All of these green/Gray structures stress the importance of this historical river valley and affect the river both negatively and positively. Before such an incredible development of the city, when all of the city with its borders was limited to current city center, most parts of these river valleys were far away from the city and its effects. At that time, mostly private gardens and orchards formed their banks.

*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Valleys.jpg|Main River Valleys
Image:Darband.jpg|Situation of Darband River Valley
Image:Buried Parts.jpg|Buried Parts
Image:Abandoned Parts.jpg|Abandoned Parts
Image:Blue Structures.jpg|Gray Structures
Image:Visual and Tactile Disconnection.jpg|Visual and Tactile Disconnection
Image:Journey.jpg|Journey of the River Valley from Mountains to Plains
</gallery>

== What are the overall objectives of your design? What are the specific objectives for enhancing green infrastrucutre? ==

''Please give a short written argumentation (not more than 150 words). It is ok if you have different or even contradicting objectives within your group. Just make it explicit at the beginning of your process ''

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing.''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Social nodes.jpg|Social nodes along the Darband river valley/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:Traffic nodes.jpg|Traffic analysis/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|analytical drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|analytical drawing 4
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes), of course with an emphasis on green infrastructure aspects. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing representing his/her individual ideas.''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Green Transportation network.jpg|Green Transportation network along the restored river valley/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:Restoration.jpg|Creating multifunctional green infrastructure/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|projective drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|projective drawing 4
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==
''Please analyse the individual approaches presented so far and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses (you may use the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis SWOT]analysis model). Try to create a synthesis and represent it with a plan and some sketches. You can still use drawings/sketches.''

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|synthesis drawing 1
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|synthesis drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|synthesis drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|synthesis drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''“From my point of view, our collaborative design process was a good teamwork through which I have learned to approach the project in the other way and effectively communicate in such a virtual world. I trained myself to evaluate the site from a landscape architect’s point of view. I didn’t find a major difficulty, we easily interacted with each other and shared our thoughts. I think collaborative design is a challenging process that if the members have most thoughts and behaviors in common, it can be a valuable, useful experience.” Shahla Shahmoradi''

''“Our collaborative design process was indeed teamwork, we came with different professional backgrounds and different visions for site improvement that we discussed and successfully banded together. We had no problems communicating and resolving issues we came across. This assignment made me explore the city that is culturally completely different from mine, has a rich past and I hope I’ll be able to visit it someday. During our collaborative design process I came across some difficulties concerning the site and accessing additional information on the internet (due to language differences) but Shahla managed to resolve all my problems and provide me with needed information. Collaborative design is always a challenge and especially while not being able to communicate and share thoughts personally, but despite all that I had a good time and have learned a lot during last few months of this seminar." Ana Žmire''

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|image 1
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|image 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|image 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|image 4
</gallery>

== References ==

1. Aminzadeh, B., Khansefid, M. (2010). A case study of urban ecological networks and a sustainable city: Tehran’s metropolitan area. Urban Ecosystems 13 (2010): 23-26.

2. Fathejalali, A., Masoudi, M. (2011). Corridor Plans: An Opportunity to Develop Low Carbon Open Spaces Network-The Case Study in Tehran, Iran. Corridor Plans and Open Spaces Network, 47th ISOCARP Congress (2011).

3. Habib, F., Atabi, F., Laghaei, H., Mousavi Fatemi H., Janfada, K. (2014). Design of Dareh-Darakeh Nature Park for Ecotourism Development in Tehran Metropolitan City. International Journal of Ecosystem 4(5) (2014): 224-232.

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Collaborative Design]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group L

2015-01-26T00:47:50Z

Zmire Ana: /* Summary of the collaborative process */

---> back to group page [[Green Infrastructure 2014 - Working Group L|working group L]]

'''''Restoration of Darband River Valley with the Approach to a Green, High Quality Transportation Network'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Darband River Valley''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Tehran''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Iran''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ana Žmire, Shahla Shahmoradi, Fernanda Millán, Simona Sava-Paval''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:0051.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=35.696111
|lng=51.423055999999974
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==
*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''

*''Climate, water, and soil
Tehran is a mountainside city with an altitude of 900 to 1700 meters above the sea level located on the southern slopes of Alborz mountains. From east to west, the view is dominated by the Alborz mountains, with rivers that are full in springtime and dry in summertime, flowing to satiate underground water tables hidden in the very thick layers of sedimentary rocks (gravel, sand and clay) from the Quaternary. Multiple aqueducts bring the water to surface that, in turn, flows through irrigation canals and brooks along all streets and avenues of Tehran. Lower parts, between 900 to 1200 m, have a fertile soil and gentle slope that permit a productive agricultural activity. In these plains, there are many sources of surface or underground water tables, supplied by aqueducts, floodways and branched out rivers.
In the south of Tehran, the desert begins. Dry and very hot weather in summer and sometimes very cold in winter, make this region seem hostile. The contrast between mountain and desert, and even between north and south of the City, prevents weather crises from taking shape in any part of the year. When heavy snow obstructs mountain roads, plains in the rim of the desert have often a mild sunny weather.
Tehran region has a dry climate. The annual rate of rainfall is only 229mm at the downtown, 400mm in northern neighborhoods and less than 150mm in arable lands of south. Heavy rainfalls in Alborz mountains, mainly as snow, provide a fairly reliable source of water supply for Tehran’s residents and the City’s development. This water flows through a number of rivers and flood canals toward the desert in the south and is swallowed up by the thick layers of alluvium.

*''Main River Valleys in the City
Seven main river valleys pass through the city, including Darakeh, Velenjak, Darband, Golab Dareh, Jamshidyeh, Darabad, and Kan. All of these come from Alborz Mountains of Tehran, and after passing through urban areas reach lower plains in the south, where they meet agricultural lands. This case study concentrates on Darband river valley.
This river (“the Furious River” with 295/000/000 m3 of water per year) flows down from North mountains, passes beyond Hezardarreh hills, east of Tehran, and irrigates the great arable plain of Varamin.''

*''Overall Character and Current Conditions
By carefully looking at the map, Darband river valley and its path is recognized due to its especial natural form. But if we want to follow it in the city, it is not so easy. Some parts of it have been buried under buildings or streets. Other parts of it have been converted to "U" channels and covered by impervious materials such as stone. In terms of flora, except some scattered trees, which are planted alongside the wall of the river valley, there is not major planting adjacent to that. Actually the deep channels surrounding the bed of the river valley has taken the opportunity to plant trees, shrubs, or other kinds of vegetation. Right after the end of the river's walls, there are streets and buildings. This lack of attention to Darband river valley causes people to undermine it and throw their wastes in this river-channel, and this in turn causes major environmental pollution in the site.''

*''Flora
Tehran is rich in terms of the diversity of flora. While some of them are native to Iran, few, if any, of them are endemic to Tehran. Up to now, 13 endemic species of Tehran are known: Eritrichium mertonii (Family Boraginaceae), Buffonia hebecalyx (Family Caryophyllaceae), Stellaria scaturiginella (Family Caryophyllaceae), Centaurea carduiformis subsp. iranica (Family Compositae), Tanacetum polycephalum subsp. junesarens (Family Compositae), Taraxacum darbandense (Family Compositae), Convolvulus gracilininus (Family Ipomoea), Astragalus latianicus (Family Papaveraceae), Astragalus pseudobrunsianus (Family Papaveraceae), Hedysarum elbursense (Family Papaveraceae), Hedysarum hyrcanum var. hyrcanum (Family Papaveraceae), Vicia sojakii (Family Papaveraceae), Galium tehranicum (Family Rubiaceae). All of these species are herbaceous, which aren’t currently used in parks and landscapes. Predominant species of Tehran which are widely planted in parks, streets, and open spaces as well as alongside the river valleys are Platanus orientals, Morus nigra, Ulmus minor ‘umbraculifera’, Fraxinus excelsior, Quercus spp of broadleaved trees; Pinus eldarica and Cupressus arizonica of conifers; Lignustrum vulgare, Viburnum opulus, Nerium oleander, Berberis thunbergii of shrubs; and Common grass and Hedera helix of cover plants.

*''Connectivity to the Wider Green/Gray Structures
Darband river valley in its journey from Alborz Mountains toward plains through the middle of the city links many important services and facilities from urban to local scales. One of the most important structures is North Mountains itself, which during the week and weekends attract thousands of people to hike, mount, and spend leisure time. On the other hand, the river valley passes through main, high traffic roads and highways, which everyday millions of citizens use to go their work. All of these green/Gray structures stress the importance of this historical river valley and affect the river both negatively and positively. Before such an incredible development of the city, when all of the city with its borders was limited to current city center, most parts of these river valleys were far away from the city and its effects. At that time, mostly private gardens and orchards formed their banks.

*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Valleys.jpg|Main River Valleys
Image:Darband.jpg|Situation of Darband River Valley
Image:Buried Parts.jpg|Buried Parts
Image:Abandoned Parts.jpg|Abandoned Parts
Image:Blue Structures.jpg|Gray Structures
Image:Visual and Tactile Disconnection.jpg|Visual and Tactile Disconnection
Image:Journey.jpg|Journey of the River Valley from Mountains to Plains
</gallery>

== What are the overall objectives of your design? What are the specific objectives for enhancing green infrastrucutre? ==

''Please give a short written argumentation (not more than 150 words). It is ok if you have different or even contradicting objectives within your group. Just make it explicit at the beginning of your process ''

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing.''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Social nodes.jpg|Social nodes along the Darband river valley/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:Traffic nodes.jpg|Traffic analysis/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|analytical drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|analytical drawing 4
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes), of course with an emphasis on green infrastructure aspects. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing representing his/her individual ideas.''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Green Transportation network.jpg|Green Transportation network along the restored river valley/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:Restoration.jpg|Creating multifunctional green infrastructure/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|projective drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|projective drawing 4
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==
''Please analyse the individual approaches presented so far and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses (you may use the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis SWOT]analysis model). Try to create a synthesis and represent it with a plan and some sketches. You can still use drawings/sketches.''

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|synthesis drawing 1
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|synthesis drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|synthesis drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|synthesis drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''“From my point of view, our collaborative design process was a good teamwork through which I have learned to approach the project in the other way and effectively communicate in such a virtual world. I trained myself to evaluate the site from a landscape architect’s point of view. I didn’t find a major difficulty, we easily interacted with each other and shared our thoughts. I think collaborative design is a challenging process that if the members have most thoughts and behaviors in common, it can be a valuable, useful experience.” Shahla Shahmoradi''

''“Our collaborative design process was indeed teamwork, we came with different professional backgrounds and different visions for site improvement that we discussed and successfully banded together. We had no problems communicating and resolving issues we came across. This assignment made me explore the city that is culturally completely different from mine, has a rich past and I hope I’ll be able to visit it someday. During our collaborative design process I came across some difficulties concerning the site and accessing additional information on the internet (due to language differences) but Shahla managed to resolve all my problems and provide me with needed information. Collaborative design is always a challenge and especially while not being able to communicate and share thoughts personally, but despite all that I had a good time and have learned a lot during last few months of this seminar." Ana Žmire''

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|image 1
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|image 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|image 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|image 4
</gallery>

== References ==
''* Please make sure that you give proper references of all external resources used.''

''* Do not use images of which you do not hold the copyright.''

''* Please add internet links to other resources if necessary.''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Collaborative Design]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Green Infrastructure 2014 - Working Group L

2014-12-02T23:16:24Z

Zmire Ana: /* Presentation Slides Assignment 3 */

--> Back to [[Working_Groups_Seminar_Green_Infrastructure_2014|working group overview]]

''Dear working group members. This is your group page and you will be completing the template gradually as we move through the seminar. Each member has an individual page for documenting his/her personal case. You can also access your template for assignment 4 (the joint design) from here. Good luck and enjoy your collaboration!
''

== Assignment 2 - Lecture Concept Map ==
*''The list with the group distribution shows you which lecture your group is supposed to document in the concept map format.''
*''Please add your collaborative concept map here by replacing the dummy image. Your map needs to have a new file name:''

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:yourfilename.jpg|''add your lecture title here by replacing this text''
</gallery>

== Assignment 3 - Green infrastructure potential in your environment ==

*'''Assigned: Tuesday, October 28'''
*'''Due: Monday, December 1'''

''There is one template page for each group member. The case could be a specific site in direct vicinity or a larger area in your region. The objective is to identify structures that have the potential to become elements of a green infrastructure strategy. ''

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group L - Case Study 1|Zagreb, Croatia]] ===
=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Group L - Case Study 2|Tehran, Iran]] ===

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Group L - Case Study 3|La Coruña, Spain]] ===

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Group L - Case Study 4|Case Study 4]] ===

=== Presentation Slides Assignment 3 ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:L-s1.jpg|Slide 1
Image:L-s2.jpg|Slide 2
Image:L-s3.jpg|Slide 3
Image:L-s4.jpg|Slide 4
Image:L-s5.jpg|Slide 5
Image:L-s6.jpg|Slide 6
</gallery>

== Assignment 4 - Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design ==

*'''Assigned: Tuesday, December 2'''
*'''Due: Tuesday, January 26'''

==='''[[Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group L|Collaborative Design Working Group L]]'''===

=== Presentation Slides Collaborative Design ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:GI_yourgroupname_ass4_slide1.jpg|Analytical Drawings
Image:GI_yourgroupname_ass4_slide2.jpg|Projective Drawings
Image:GI_yourgroupname_ass4_slide3.jpg|Design Synthesis
</gallery>

----

[[Category: Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group]]

File:L-s6.jpg

2014-12-02T23:15:47Z

Zmire Ana:

File:L-s5.jpg

2014-12-02T23:14:48Z

Zmire Ana:

File:L-s4.jpg

2014-12-02T23:14:05Z

Zmire Ana:

File:L-s3.jpg

2014-12-02T23:13:36Z

Zmire Ana:

File:L-s2.jpg

2014-12-02T23:12:39Z

Zmire Ana:

File:L-s1.jpg

2014-12-02T23:12:04Z

Zmire Ana:

File:7 8.jpg

2014-12-01T13:41:25Z

Zmire Ana: Zmire Ana uploaded a new version of "File:7 8.jpg"