Wikienfk5 - User contributions [en]

Concept map of the article

2010-01-24T18:30:47Z

Vertainenv: New page: Image:Slide6.jpg

[[Image:Slide6.jpg]]

Literature and Resources Participation

2010-01-24T18:28:08Z

Vertainenv: /* Further Materials */

== Lecture Documents ==
* 20th October 2009: [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=466 Rational Planning and the Communicative Turn]
''An introduction to the evolution of participatory planning by Prof. Diedrich Bruns''

* 27th October 2009: [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=521 Planning according to the European Landscape Convention]
''An Overview by Prof. Diedrich Bruns''

*03rd November 2009: [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=596 Methods and the Analytical Tool "Process Biography Approach"]
''A lecture originally given by Dr. Sabine Säck-da Silva, adopted for this seminar by Prof. Diedrich Bruns''

*15th of December 2009: John Danahy: [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=757 Visual Thinking and Creativity]

These documents are only available for '''seminar participants'''.

== Topic Map Public Participation - Second students' assignment until November 17, 2009 ==
[[Image:Topicmap participation.jpeg|thumb|900px|topic map on public participation|none]]

== Planning Theory and Methodology ==

=== First Generation ===

*'''Ian McHarg:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/27/_Planning_Theory_and_Methodology/07_06_McHarg_-_Design_with_Nature.pdf Design with Nature] (Daniel) [[Design with Nature - concept map]]

=== Second Generation ===

*'''Sherry R. Arnstein:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/27/Decision_Making/Arnstein_A_Ladder_of_Citizen_Participation.pdf A Ladder of Citizen Participation] (Fahad) [[A Ladder of Citizen Participation - concept map]]

*'''Patsy Healey:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=506 Planning through debate: The Communicative Turn in Planning Theory]

*'''Patsy Healey:''' [http://www.geography.dur.ac.uk/information/staff/personal/graham/pdf_files/40.pdf Relational concepts of space and place - Issues for planning theory and practice] (umut)

*'''Patsy Healey:''' [http://www.ru.nl/aspx/download.aspx?File=/contents/pages/356205/sem-healeynewinstiutionalism.doc The New Institutionalism and the Transformative Goals of Planning]

*'''Patsy Healey et al.:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=507 Making Strategic Spatial Plans - Innovation in Europe]

*'''Horst W. J. Rittel & Melvin M. Webber:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=513 Dilemmas in a General Theory of Planning]

=== Third Generation ===

*'''William J. Fear:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=503 Programme Evaluation Theory: The Next Step Toward a Synthesis of Logic Models and Organisational Theory]

*'''Glenn D. Israel:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=510 Using Logic Models for Program Development]

*'''Walter Schönwandt:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=514 Grundriss einer Planungstheorie der "dritten Generation" (GERMAN)]

*'''Walter Schönwandt:''' [http://books.google.de/books?id=FaM-fEqnaaEC&pg=PA19&lpg=PA19&dq=third+generation+spatial+planning&source=bl&ots=WrNvu_VwBA&sig=HmsZwe80CoLQExu0SInH5GaNdlM&hl=de&ei=hffnSq3kE5eomgPY2cWoCA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=8&ved=0CDQQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=third%20generation%20spatial%20planning&f=false Planning in Crisis?] (team hanover - Peter Müller, Ralf Steffen - please read the info at the [http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Working_Groups_Seminar_Public_Participation Working Groups]) [[Planning in Crisis? - concept map]]

=== not yet defined ===

*'''Alan Altshuler:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=497 The Goals of Comprehensive Planning]

*'''David Braybrooke & Charles E. Lindblom:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=499 Zur Strategie der unkoordinierten kleinen Schritte (Original: Disjointed Incrementalism) (GERMAN)]

*'''Susan Fainstein:''' [http://www.columbia.edu/~jwp70/etexts/Can%20We%20Make%20CitiesWeWant.pdf Can We Make Cities We Want] (Umut)

*'''Susan Fainstein:''' [http://www.oamk.fi/luova/hankkeita/entracop/copack/docs/introduction/theories/literature/Feinstein.pdf New Directions in Planning Theory]

*'''Susan Fainstein:''' [http://www.gsd.harvard.edu/people/faculty/fainstein/text/Planning%20Theory%20and%20the%20City%20final.pdf Planning Theory and the City](Serap) (Jan) (Ayse)

*'''Andreas Faludi:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=502 A decision-centered view of Environmental Planning]

*'''Andreas Faludi:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=498 Planungstheorie oder Theorie des Planens? (GERMAN)]

*'''Andreas Faludi:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=501 What is Planning Theory?](Issia Habou)

*'''Andreas Faludi et al.:''' [http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/eserv/eth:22383/eth-22383-41.pdf#page=4 Introducing Evidence-based planning]

*'''Bent Flyvbjerg:''' [http://flyvbjerg.plan.aau.dk/PhronPlan7.1PUBL.pdf Phronetic Planning Research - Theoretical and Methodological Reflections]

*'''Bent Flyvbjerg:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=504 Rationality and Power]

*'''Bent Flyvbjerg:''' [http://flyvbjerg.plan.aau.dk/DarksideofplanningPUBL.pdf The Dark Side of Planning (Commentary)] (Kirsten)

*'''John Friedmann:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=505 Two Centuries of Planning Theory: An Overview]

*'''John Friedmann:''' [http://www.planung-neu-denken.de/dokumente/friedmann%20i%7C2007.pdf Planning in the Public Domain: Twenty Years On] (Nils)

*'''John Friedmann:''' [http://atusocialplanning.ir/PDF/Friedman.pdf Globalization and the emerging culture of planning]

*'''Charles E. Lindblom:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=511 The Science of "Muddling-through"]

*'''Sandra Rosenbloom:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=512 Research Questions on Normative Theories of Planning]

*'''Klaus Selle:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=515 Kooperativ handeln. Versuch, die laufenden Veränderungen auf den Begriff zu bringen (GERMAN)]

*'''Klaus Selle:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=516 Was ist bloß mit der Planung los? (GERMAN)]SusanneRaabe

*'''Klaus Selle:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=517 Phasen oder Stufen? Fortgesetzte Anmerkungen zum Wandel des Planungsverständnisses (GERMAN)]

*'''Klaus Selle:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=518 Blick zurück nach vorn. Versuch über Wandel, Konstanz und Neubeginn (GERMAN)]

*'''Klaus Selle:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=519 Planung lehren? Überlegungen (GERMAN)](Kristin Vorloeper)(Sven Rosenkranz) [[Planung lehren? - concept maps]]

*'''Carl Steinitz:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=520 A Framework for Theory Applicable to the Education of Landscape Architects (and other Environmental Design Professionals)] (Haris Piplas)

== Motivation of Planners ==

=== European Landscape Convention ===

*'''The Council of Europe:''' [http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/en/Treaties/Html/176.htm The European Landscape Convention]

*'''The Committee of Ministers:''' [http://www.landscapecharacter.org.uk/files/pdfs/ELC-Guidelines-For-Implementation.pdf Recommendations for the implementation of the European Landscape Convention, February 2008]

*'''Maguelonne Déjeant-Pons:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/27/_Motivation_of_Planners/THE_EUROPEAN_LANDSCAPE_CONVENTION_DEJEANTPONSMaguelonne.pdf The European Landscape Convention]

*'''Maguelonne Déjeant-Pons:''' [http://www.swkk.de/hermes/research/Buchbeitraege/HERMES-Band_3/HERMES_vol3_22Dejeant-Pons.pdf The implementation of the European Landscape Convention]

*'''Michael Jones:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=558 The European Landscape Convention and the Question of Public Participation]

*'''Paul Selman:''' [http://ejournal.nbii.org/archives/vol4iss2/communityessay.selman.pdf What do we mean by sustainable landscape?](Christian) (Wendy) [[What do we mean by sustainable landscape? - concept maps]]

=== European Water Framework Directive ===

*'''The Council of Europe:''' [http://ec.europa.eu/environment/water/water-framework/info/intro_en.htm Introduction to the new EU Water Framework Directive]

*'''The European Commission:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=524 Common Implementation Strategy for the WFD (2000/60/EC) - Public Participation in relation to the Water Framework Directive]

*'''EC:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/27/_Motivation_of_Planners/WFD_GUIDANCE_ON_PUBLIC_PARTICIPATION_Active_involvement_Consultation_and_Public_access_to_information.pdf Guidance on Public Participation in relation to the WFD - Active involvement, Consultation, and Public access to information]

*'''EC:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/27/_Motivation_of_Planners/WFD_Annex_I_Public_Participation_Techniques.pdf Public Participation Techniques (Annex I)]

=== Territorial Agenda of the European Union ===

*'''Andreas Faludi:''' [http://www.nordregio.se/EJSD/refereed21.pdf The European Spatial Development Perspective - Shaping the Agenda]

*'''Andreas Faludi:''' [http://www.nordregio.se/EJSD/faludioncohesion.pdf The Third Cohesion Report and the European Spatial Development Perspective]

*'''Andreas Faludi:''' [https://www.lincolninst.edu/pubs/dl/1179_631_Web%20Chapter%20Territorial%20Cohesion.pdf The European Model of Society]

*'''Andreas Faludi:''' [https://www.lincolninst.edu/pubs/dl/1397_730_Web%20Chapter.pdf European Spatial Research and Planning]

*'''Andreas Faludi:''' [http://www.aesop2007napoli.it/full_paper/track2/track2_155.pdf Making Sense of the "Territorial Agenda of the European Union"]

*'''Andreas Faludi:''' [http://aesop2005.scix.net/data/papers/att/228.fullTextPrint.pdf Territorial Cohesion Policy and the European Model of Society] (Christian)(Marco)(Michele)

== Decision Making ==

*'''Amitai Etzioni:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=500 Mixed-scanning: A "Third" Approach to Decision-making]

*'''Susan Fainstein:''' [http://www.gsd.harvard.edu/people/faculty/fainstein/text/Competitiveness,%20Cohesion%20Governance%20IJURR%20final.pdf Competitiveness, Cohesion, and Governance - Their Implications for Social Justice] (Virginia)(María) [[Competitiveness, Cohesion, and Governance - concept maps]]

*'''Andreas Faludi:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=502 A decision-centered view of Environmental Planning]

*'''Bent Flyvbjerg:''' [http://vbn.aau.dk/ws/fbspretrieve/2003479/wps3781.pdf Policy and Planning for Large Infrastructure Projects - Problems, Causes, Cures]

*'''Kathleen E. Halvorsen:''' [http://www.humanecologyreview.org/pastissues/her132/halvorsen.pdf Critical Next Steps in Research on Public Meetings and Environmental Decision Making]

*'''Patsy Healey:''' [http://www.nsl.ethz.ch/index.php/en/content/download/975/5957/file Creativity and Urban Governance]

*'''Bert Enserink et al.:''' [http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol12/iss2/art24/ Cultural Factors as Co-Determinants of Participation in River Basin Management]

*'''Dr. Sharon Hophmayer-Tokich: '''[http://www.utwente.nl/cstm/reports/Downloads/PP_and_the_WFD.pdf Public Participation under the EU Water Framework Directive – processes and possible outcomes]

*'''Jerzy Jendrosky''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=535 UN ECE Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-Making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters - Towards more effective Public Involvement in Monitoring Compliance and Enforcement in Europe]

*'''Jens Newig & Oliver Fritsch:''' [http://www.governat.eu/files/files/dp15_gn8newig_fritsch_epg.pdf Environmental Governance: Participatory, Multi-level – and Effective?] (Barbara) [[Environmental Governance - concept map]]

*''' UN Economic and Social Council:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=533 Progress in the Implementation of the ECE Guidelines on Public Participation in Environmental Decision-Making]

*'''Thomas Webler & Seth Tuler:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=549 Four Perspectives on Public Participation Process in Environmental Assessment and Decision Making - Combined Results from 10 Case Studies]

*'''Thomas Webler et al.:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=534 Public participation in decision making - A three-step procedure] (Ulrike) [[Public participation in decision making - concept map]]

== Methods and Tools ==

=== Reports related to the session with John Danahy, 15th of December 2009 ===
* '''John Danahy''': [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=753 Bottom Up: The Lakeview Experiment]
* '''Mark Lindquist, John Danahy''': [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?id=754 Community Initiated Public Participation: Altering the Urban Design Decision Making Process with Real-Time Immersive Visualization]
* '''Thomas Seebohm,John Danahy''': [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=756 Towards Constructive Dialogue: Real-Time Visualization and Geographic Information Systems]

=== Further Materials ===
*'''Noel Boaden et all.:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=538 Planning and Participation in Practice: A Study of Public Participation in Structure Planning]

*'''Luuk Boelens:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=539 Beyond the Plan - Towards a New Kind of Planning] (Virpi) [[Concept map of the article]]

*'''Caron Chess & Branden B. Johnson:''' [http://www.humanecologyreview.org/pastissues/her132/chessjohnson.pdf Organizational Learning about Public Participation - “Tiggers” and “Eeyores”]

*'''Paul Cloke & Patrick Hanrahan:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=540 Policy and Implementation in Rural Planning] (Issia)

*'''John M. Cohen & Norman T. Uphoff:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=541 Participation’s Place in Rural Development - Seeking Clarity through Specificity]

*'''Katharine Coit:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=542 Participation, social movements and social change] (Ishrat)

*'''Susan Fainstein:''' [http://www.columbia.edu/~jwp70/etexts/FAINSTEIN_Planning%20and%20the%20Just%20City-for%20Columbia%20conf_2006.pdf Planning and the Just City] (Victoria)

*'''Marisa B. Guaraldo M. Rezende:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=543 Decentralised Popular Planning - A Strategy for Change]

*'''HarmoniCOP - Harmonising COllaborative Planning:''' [http://www.harmonicop.uni-osnabrueck.de/_files/_down/HarmoniCOPinception.pdf Public Participation and the European Water Framework Directive - Inception report]

*'''HarmoniCOP - Harmonising COllaborative Planning:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/27/_Motivation_of_Planners/HarmoniCOP_Social_Learning_in_River_Basin_Management.pdf Social Learning in River Basin Management]

*'''Corina Höppner et all.:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=544 Assessing psycho-social effects of participatory landscape planning] (Markus)

*'''Corina Höppner et all.:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=545 Assessing psycho-social effects of participatory landscape planning (Abstract)]

*'''Mária Kozová & Pavlína Misíková:''' [http://www.iale.sk/download/study.mat/land.planning.pdf Landscape Planning as a strong forward looking tool for integrated spatial management] (Wendy)

*'''Jens Newig et al.:''' [http://www.usf.uos.de/~jnewig/Newig_Pahl-Wostl_Sigel_2005%20preprint.pdf The Role of Public Participation in Managing Uncertainty in the Implementation of the Water Framework Directive]

*'''Michael Pacione:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=546 Public participation in neighbourhood change]

*'''Judith Petts:''' [http://www.humanecologyreview.org/pastissues/her132/petts.pdf Managing Public Engagement to Optimize Learning: Reflections from Urban River Restoration]

*'''Jeremy Rowan-Robinson and Roger Durman:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=547 Planning policy and planning agreements] (Issia)

*'''Robert Mark Silverman:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=548 Sandwiched between Patronage and Bureaucracy: The Plight of Citizen Participation in Community-based Housing Organisations in the US]

*'''Thomas Webler & Seth Tuler:''' [http://www.humanecologyreview.org/pastissues/her82/82weblertuler.pdf Public Participation in Watershed Management Planning: Views on Process from People in the Field]

*'''Thomas Webler et al.:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=550 What Is a Good Public Participation Process? Five Perspectives from the Public]

*'''Thomas Webler et al.:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=551 Public Participation in Impact Assessment - A Social Learning Perspective] (Archana Bais)

*'''WWF Danube-Carpathian Programme:''' [http://www.icpdr.org/icpdr/static/dw2003_2/dw0203p09.htm Water Framework Directive and public participation]

*'''WWF Danube-Carpathian Programme:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/27/_Motivation_of_Planners/WWF_Danube_Carpathian_Programm_PUBLIC_PARTICIPATION_NGOs_AND_THE_WFD_IN_CENTRAL_AND_EASTERN_EUROPE.pdf PUBLIC PARTICIPATION, NGOs AND THE WFD IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE]

Literature and Resources Participation

2010-01-24T18:27:20Z

Vertainenv: /* Further Materials */

== Lecture Documents ==
* 20th October 2009: [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=466 Rational Planning and the Communicative Turn]
''An introduction to the evolution of participatory planning by Prof. Diedrich Bruns''

* 27th October 2009: [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=521 Planning according to the European Landscape Convention]
''An Overview by Prof. Diedrich Bruns''

*03rd November 2009: [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=596 Methods and the Analytical Tool "Process Biography Approach"]
''A lecture originally given by Dr. Sabine Säck-da Silva, adopted for this seminar by Prof. Diedrich Bruns''

*15th of December 2009: John Danahy: [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=757 Visual Thinking and Creativity]

These documents are only available for '''seminar participants'''.

== Topic Map Public Participation - Second students' assignment until November 17, 2009 ==
[[Image:Topicmap participation.jpeg|thumb|900px|topic map on public participation|none]]

== Planning Theory and Methodology ==

=== First Generation ===

*'''Ian McHarg:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/27/_Planning_Theory_and_Methodology/07_06_McHarg_-_Design_with_Nature.pdf Design with Nature] (Daniel) [[Design with Nature - concept map]]

=== Second Generation ===

*'''Sherry R. Arnstein:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/27/Decision_Making/Arnstein_A_Ladder_of_Citizen_Participation.pdf A Ladder of Citizen Participation] (Fahad) [[A Ladder of Citizen Participation - concept map]]

*'''Patsy Healey:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=506 Planning through debate: The Communicative Turn in Planning Theory]

*'''Patsy Healey:''' [http://www.geography.dur.ac.uk/information/staff/personal/graham/pdf_files/40.pdf Relational concepts of space and place - Issues for planning theory and practice] (umut)

*'''Patsy Healey:''' [http://www.ru.nl/aspx/download.aspx?File=/contents/pages/356205/sem-healeynewinstiutionalism.doc The New Institutionalism and the Transformative Goals of Planning]

*'''Patsy Healey et al.:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=507 Making Strategic Spatial Plans - Innovation in Europe]

*'''Horst W. J. Rittel & Melvin M. Webber:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=513 Dilemmas in a General Theory of Planning]

=== Third Generation ===

*'''William J. Fear:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=503 Programme Evaluation Theory: The Next Step Toward a Synthesis of Logic Models and Organisational Theory]

*'''Glenn D. Israel:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=510 Using Logic Models for Program Development]

*'''Walter Schönwandt:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=514 Grundriss einer Planungstheorie der "dritten Generation" (GERMAN)]

*'''Walter Schönwandt:''' [http://books.google.de/books?id=FaM-fEqnaaEC&pg=PA19&lpg=PA19&dq=third+generation+spatial+planning&source=bl&ots=WrNvu_VwBA&sig=HmsZwe80CoLQExu0SInH5GaNdlM&hl=de&ei=hffnSq3kE5eomgPY2cWoCA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=8&ved=0CDQQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=third%20generation%20spatial%20planning&f=false Planning in Crisis?] (team hanover - Peter Müller, Ralf Steffen - please read the info at the [http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Working_Groups_Seminar_Public_Participation Working Groups]) [[Planning in Crisis? - concept map]]

=== not yet defined ===

*'''Alan Altshuler:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=497 The Goals of Comprehensive Planning]

*'''David Braybrooke & Charles E. Lindblom:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=499 Zur Strategie der unkoordinierten kleinen Schritte (Original: Disjointed Incrementalism) (GERMAN)]

*'''Susan Fainstein:''' [http://www.columbia.edu/~jwp70/etexts/Can%20We%20Make%20CitiesWeWant.pdf Can We Make Cities We Want] (Umut)

*'''Susan Fainstein:''' [http://www.oamk.fi/luova/hankkeita/entracop/copack/docs/introduction/theories/literature/Feinstein.pdf New Directions in Planning Theory]

*'''Susan Fainstein:''' [http://www.gsd.harvard.edu/people/faculty/fainstein/text/Planning%20Theory%20and%20the%20City%20final.pdf Planning Theory and the City](Serap) (Jan) (Ayse)

*'''Andreas Faludi:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=502 A decision-centered view of Environmental Planning]

*'''Andreas Faludi:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=498 Planungstheorie oder Theorie des Planens? (GERMAN)]

*'''Andreas Faludi:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=501 What is Planning Theory?](Issia Habou)

*'''Andreas Faludi et al.:''' [http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/eserv/eth:22383/eth-22383-41.pdf#page=4 Introducing Evidence-based planning]

*'''Bent Flyvbjerg:''' [http://flyvbjerg.plan.aau.dk/PhronPlan7.1PUBL.pdf Phronetic Planning Research - Theoretical and Methodological Reflections]

*'''Bent Flyvbjerg:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=504 Rationality and Power]

*'''Bent Flyvbjerg:''' [http://flyvbjerg.plan.aau.dk/DarksideofplanningPUBL.pdf The Dark Side of Planning (Commentary)] (Kirsten)

*'''John Friedmann:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=505 Two Centuries of Planning Theory: An Overview]

*'''John Friedmann:''' [http://www.planung-neu-denken.de/dokumente/friedmann%20i%7C2007.pdf Planning in the Public Domain: Twenty Years On] (Nils)

*'''John Friedmann:''' [http://atusocialplanning.ir/PDF/Friedman.pdf Globalization and the emerging culture of planning]

*'''Charles E. Lindblom:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=511 The Science of "Muddling-through"]

*'''Sandra Rosenbloom:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=512 Research Questions on Normative Theories of Planning]

*'''Klaus Selle:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=515 Kooperativ handeln. Versuch, die laufenden Veränderungen auf den Begriff zu bringen (GERMAN)]

*'''Klaus Selle:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=516 Was ist bloß mit der Planung los? (GERMAN)]SusanneRaabe

*'''Klaus Selle:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=517 Phasen oder Stufen? Fortgesetzte Anmerkungen zum Wandel des Planungsverständnisses (GERMAN)]

*'''Klaus Selle:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=518 Blick zurück nach vorn. Versuch über Wandel, Konstanz und Neubeginn (GERMAN)]

*'''Klaus Selle:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=519 Planung lehren? Überlegungen (GERMAN)](Kristin Vorloeper)(Sven Rosenkranz) [[Planung lehren? - concept maps]]

*'''Carl Steinitz:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=520 A Framework for Theory Applicable to the Education of Landscape Architects (and other Environmental Design Professionals)] (Haris Piplas)

== Motivation of Planners ==

=== European Landscape Convention ===

*'''The Council of Europe:''' [http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/en/Treaties/Html/176.htm The European Landscape Convention]

*'''The Committee of Ministers:''' [http://www.landscapecharacter.org.uk/files/pdfs/ELC-Guidelines-For-Implementation.pdf Recommendations for the implementation of the European Landscape Convention, February 2008]

*'''Maguelonne Déjeant-Pons:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/27/_Motivation_of_Planners/THE_EUROPEAN_LANDSCAPE_CONVENTION_DEJEANTPONSMaguelonne.pdf The European Landscape Convention]

*'''Maguelonne Déjeant-Pons:''' [http://www.swkk.de/hermes/research/Buchbeitraege/HERMES-Band_3/HERMES_vol3_22Dejeant-Pons.pdf The implementation of the European Landscape Convention]

*'''Michael Jones:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=558 The European Landscape Convention and the Question of Public Participation]

*'''Paul Selman:''' [http://ejournal.nbii.org/archives/vol4iss2/communityessay.selman.pdf What do we mean by sustainable landscape?](Christian) (Wendy) [[What do we mean by sustainable landscape? - concept maps]]

=== European Water Framework Directive ===

*'''The Council of Europe:''' [http://ec.europa.eu/environment/water/water-framework/info/intro_en.htm Introduction to the new EU Water Framework Directive]

*'''The European Commission:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=524 Common Implementation Strategy for the WFD (2000/60/EC) - Public Participation in relation to the Water Framework Directive]

*'''EC:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/27/_Motivation_of_Planners/WFD_GUIDANCE_ON_PUBLIC_PARTICIPATION_Active_involvement_Consultation_and_Public_access_to_information.pdf Guidance on Public Participation in relation to the WFD - Active involvement, Consultation, and Public access to information]

*'''EC:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/27/_Motivation_of_Planners/WFD_Annex_I_Public_Participation_Techniques.pdf Public Participation Techniques (Annex I)]

=== Territorial Agenda of the European Union ===

*'''Andreas Faludi:''' [http://www.nordregio.se/EJSD/refereed21.pdf The European Spatial Development Perspective - Shaping the Agenda]

*'''Andreas Faludi:''' [http://www.nordregio.se/EJSD/faludioncohesion.pdf The Third Cohesion Report and the European Spatial Development Perspective]

*'''Andreas Faludi:''' [https://www.lincolninst.edu/pubs/dl/1179_631_Web%20Chapter%20Territorial%20Cohesion.pdf The European Model of Society]

*'''Andreas Faludi:''' [https://www.lincolninst.edu/pubs/dl/1397_730_Web%20Chapter.pdf European Spatial Research and Planning]

*'''Andreas Faludi:''' [http://www.aesop2007napoli.it/full_paper/track2/track2_155.pdf Making Sense of the "Territorial Agenda of the European Union"]

*'''Andreas Faludi:''' [http://aesop2005.scix.net/data/papers/att/228.fullTextPrint.pdf Territorial Cohesion Policy and the European Model of Society] (Christian)(Marco)(Michele)

== Decision Making ==

*'''Amitai Etzioni:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=500 Mixed-scanning: A "Third" Approach to Decision-making]

*'''Susan Fainstein:''' [http://www.gsd.harvard.edu/people/faculty/fainstein/text/Competitiveness,%20Cohesion%20Governance%20IJURR%20final.pdf Competitiveness, Cohesion, and Governance - Their Implications for Social Justice] (Virginia)(María) [[Competitiveness, Cohesion, and Governance - concept maps]]

*'''Andreas Faludi:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=502 A decision-centered view of Environmental Planning]

*'''Bent Flyvbjerg:''' [http://vbn.aau.dk/ws/fbspretrieve/2003479/wps3781.pdf Policy and Planning for Large Infrastructure Projects - Problems, Causes, Cures]

*'''Kathleen E. Halvorsen:''' [http://www.humanecologyreview.org/pastissues/her132/halvorsen.pdf Critical Next Steps in Research on Public Meetings and Environmental Decision Making]

*'''Patsy Healey:''' [http://www.nsl.ethz.ch/index.php/en/content/download/975/5957/file Creativity and Urban Governance]

*'''Bert Enserink et al.:''' [http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol12/iss2/art24/ Cultural Factors as Co-Determinants of Participation in River Basin Management]

*'''Dr. Sharon Hophmayer-Tokich: '''[http://www.utwente.nl/cstm/reports/Downloads/PP_and_the_WFD.pdf Public Participation under the EU Water Framework Directive – processes and possible outcomes]

*'''Jerzy Jendrosky''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=535 UN ECE Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-Making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters - Towards more effective Public Involvement in Monitoring Compliance and Enforcement in Europe]

*'''Jens Newig & Oliver Fritsch:''' [http://www.governat.eu/files/files/dp15_gn8newig_fritsch_epg.pdf Environmental Governance: Participatory, Multi-level – and Effective?] (Barbara) [[Environmental Governance - concept map]]

*''' UN Economic and Social Council:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=533 Progress in the Implementation of the ECE Guidelines on Public Participation in Environmental Decision-Making]

*'''Thomas Webler & Seth Tuler:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=549 Four Perspectives on Public Participation Process in Environmental Assessment and Decision Making - Combined Results from 10 Case Studies]

*'''Thomas Webler et al.:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=534 Public participation in decision making - A three-step procedure] (Ulrike) [[Public participation in decision making - concept map]]

== Methods and Tools ==

=== Reports related to the session with John Danahy, 15th of December 2009 ===
* '''John Danahy''': [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=753 Bottom Up: The Lakeview Experiment]
* '''Mark Lindquist, John Danahy''': [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?id=754 Community Initiated Public Participation: Altering the Urban Design Decision Making Process with Real-Time Immersive Visualization]
* '''Thomas Seebohm,John Danahy''': [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=756 Towards Constructive Dialogue: Real-Time Visualization and Geographic Information Systems]

=== Further Materials ===
*'''Noel Boaden et all.:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=538 Planning and Participation in Practice: A Study of Public Participation in Structure Planning]

*'''Luuk Boelens:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=539 Beyond the Plan - Towards a New Kind of Planning] (Virpi) [[Concept map: Slide6]]

*'''Caron Chess & Branden B. Johnson:''' [http://www.humanecologyreview.org/pastissues/her132/chessjohnson.pdf Organizational Learning about Public Participation - “Tiggers” and “Eeyores”]

*'''Paul Cloke & Patrick Hanrahan:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=540 Policy and Implementation in Rural Planning] (Issia)

*'''John M. Cohen & Norman T. Uphoff:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=541 Participation’s Place in Rural Development - Seeking Clarity through Specificity]

*'''Katharine Coit:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=542 Participation, social movements and social change] (Ishrat)

*'''Susan Fainstein:''' [http://www.columbia.edu/~jwp70/etexts/FAINSTEIN_Planning%20and%20the%20Just%20City-for%20Columbia%20conf_2006.pdf Planning and the Just City] (Victoria)

*'''Marisa B. Guaraldo M. Rezende:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=543 Decentralised Popular Planning - A Strategy for Change]

*'''HarmoniCOP - Harmonising COllaborative Planning:''' [http://www.harmonicop.uni-osnabrueck.de/_files/_down/HarmoniCOPinception.pdf Public Participation and the European Water Framework Directive - Inception report]

*'''HarmoniCOP - Harmonising COllaborative Planning:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/27/_Motivation_of_Planners/HarmoniCOP_Social_Learning_in_River_Basin_Management.pdf Social Learning in River Basin Management]

*'''Corina Höppner et all.:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=544 Assessing psycho-social effects of participatory landscape planning] (Markus)

*'''Corina Höppner et all.:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=545 Assessing psycho-social effects of participatory landscape planning (Abstract)]

*'''Mária Kozová & Pavlína Misíková:''' [http://www.iale.sk/download/study.mat/land.planning.pdf Landscape Planning as a strong forward looking tool for integrated spatial management] (Wendy)

*'''Jens Newig et al.:''' [http://www.usf.uos.de/~jnewig/Newig_Pahl-Wostl_Sigel_2005%20preprint.pdf The Role of Public Participation in Managing Uncertainty in the Implementation of the Water Framework Directive]

*'''Michael Pacione:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=546 Public participation in neighbourhood change]

*'''Judith Petts:''' [http://www.humanecologyreview.org/pastissues/her132/petts.pdf Managing Public Engagement to Optimize Learning: Reflections from Urban River Restoration]

*'''Jeremy Rowan-Robinson and Roger Durman:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=547 Planning policy and planning agreements] (Issia)

*'''Robert Mark Silverman:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=548 Sandwiched between Patronage and Bureaucracy: The Plight of Citizen Participation in Community-based Housing Organisations in the US]

*'''Thomas Webler & Seth Tuler:''' [http://www.humanecologyreview.org/pastissues/her82/82weblertuler.pdf Public Participation in Watershed Management Planning: Views on Process from People in the Field]

*'''Thomas Webler et al.:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=550 What Is a Good Public Participation Process? Five Perspectives from the Public]

*'''Thomas Webler et al.:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=551 Public Participation in Impact Assessment - A Social Learning Perspective] (Archana Bais)

*'''WWF Danube-Carpathian Programme:''' [http://www.icpdr.org/icpdr/static/dw2003_2/dw0203p09.htm Water Framework Directive and public participation]

*'''WWF Danube-Carpathian Programme:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/27/_Motivation_of_Planners/WWF_Danube_Carpathian_Programm_PUBLIC_PARTICIPATION_NGOs_AND_THE_WFD_IN_CENTRAL_AND_EASTERN_EUROPE.pdf PUBLIC PARTICIPATION, NGOs AND THE WFD IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE]

File:Slide6.jpg

2010-01-24T18:25:47Z

Vertainenv: Towards a new kind of planning

Towards a new kind of planning

The Area Programme of Ala-Malmi

2010-01-13T11:43:27Z

Vertainenv: /* Who initiated the project and why? */

back to [http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Project_Biographies_Seminar_Public_Participation_09 Project Biography List]

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"|''The area programme of Ala-Malmi''
|-
| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ala-Malmi, Helsinki''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Finland''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Virpi Vertainen''
|-
| '''Completion''' || style="background:Lavender"|''3/2009''
|-
| '''Client''' || style="background:Lavender"|''The City of Helsinki, The Public Works Department, The Street and Park Division''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Slide2.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
|}

=== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ===

The Street and Park Division of The Public Works Department is responsible for the planning, construction and maintenance of public space in Helsinki. The Street and Park Division is also responsible for designing and constructing new streets and green areas to newly built areas. The Street and Park Unit of the Public Works Department is constantly developing and maintaining the network of streets and green areas to meet the needs of the Helsinki residents. The current state of structures, equipment and services is evaluated in the area programmes.

Concern is given also to the equal development of the city. Public participation is an important part of the planning process on strategic level, but also when planning renovation of an existing park or building a new one. Giving everyone an opportunity to participate ensures that the opinions of the authorities, residents and other stakeholders can all be considered when plans and programmes are drawn up.

=== Author's personal background ===

''
Title: Public space designer

Education: Bachelor of Horticulture, Study Program of Landscape Design

Student of the International Master of Landscape Architecture (IMLA) Program

Years of Professional Experience: 5-10

Current Employment:
City of Helsinki, Public Works Department
http://www.hkr.hel.fi

''

=== Process Biography Scheme ===

''
When preparing an area programme, the process starts with the inquiry for the residents of the planning area to find out their opinion of the public space. The process continues with the possibilities to participate to the local meetings, where the material and the draft of the area programme are presented to the audience and there is also time for discussion. The material is on website during the whole planning process and it is also possible to leave comments in there. The press is informed about the planning process and some announcements are published in local newspapers to ensure that the inhabitants and assosiations are able to get information about the planning process.

The Public Works Committee directs and supervises the activities of the Public Works Department. All the area programs are submitted for approval to the Committee.
''

[[Image:Slide.jpg]]

=== Who initiated the project and why? ===
The project was initiated by The Planning Office of The Street and Park Division (The Public Works Department, The City of Helsinki).

The main aim of the area programme is to develop and maintain the network of the green areas and the streets to meet the needs of the Helsinki residents by being functional, complex and comfortable. There are around 9 500 inhabitants living on the planning area. The size of the whole planning area was around 4 square kilometers.

=== When was public participation most intensive? ===

The inquiry was send to a thousand household of the planning area on autumn 2007 and it was also possible to answer to the inquiry in Internet. Totally 171 answers were got to the inquiry. The answering percent was not very high, but the project group got a good knowledge about the opinions and the ideas of the inhabitantas.

Tens of inhabitants took part to the exhibitions and the public meetings of the project. When the draft of the area programme was ready and was presented to the audience, the participation was probably most intensive: the people were very interested in the conclusions and the proposals of the programme and they were very active to tell their opinion about the matters.

There also were hundreds of people visiting the website of the project. But the people were not that eager to leave comments on the web.

=== Which participation tools have been applied? ===

==== On which level of participation? ====

Co–knowing tools: newspaper announcements, notifications to the stakeholders, website, exhibitions.

Co–operating tools: inquiry, public meetings with planners, the presentation of the programme for the politics, interactive website (possibility to leave comments).

=== Which stakeholders have been involved? ===

The inhabitants of the area

Different kinds of organisations and assosiation (residents' association, parental associations, assosiations of nature conservation, birds, sports, eldery etc.)

The administrations of the Helsinki City (city planning, sports, social, environment, youth, traffic etc.)

=== Have there been any festivities in order to involve the public? ===

There were no special festivities organised, but the public meetings were planned to be nice with serving of coffee and such.

=== Who made the major decisions and when? ===

The decisions concerning the outcome of the area programme were based on the analysis of the site, the result of the inquiry, the report of the present condition of the public space and the comments of the stakeholders. The final decisions of the proposals were made in the meetings of the project group.

The area programme was approved in the Public Works Committee meeting in 2009.

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Image Gallery ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Exhibition.jpg|Exhibition in Malmitalo
Image:Exhibition2.jpg|Exhibition in Malmitalo
Image:Public_meeting.jpg|Public meeting in Malmitalo
Image:Slide1.jpg|The project group
Image:Comment.jpg|A comment from the web-page
Image:Synthesis.jpg|The synthesis of the inquiry: Which green area is the best place for inhabitants to meet
</gallery>

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== References ===

The area programme of Ala-Malmi
http://www.hel.fi/static/hkr/julkaisut/2009/ala_malmi_2009_6.pdf

----

back to [http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Project_Biographies_Seminar_Public_Participation_09 Project Biography List]

----
[[Category:Project Biography]]
[[Category:Project Biography Working Group]]
[[Category:Finland]]
[[Category:Helsinki]]
[[Category:Participation Tool 1]]
[[Category:Participation Tool 2]]

The Area Programme of Ala-Malmi

2010-01-13T11:19:46Z

Vertainenv: /* When was public participation most intensive? */

back to [http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Project_Biographies_Seminar_Public_Participation_09 Project Biography List]

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"|''The area programme of Ala-Malmi''
|-
| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ala-Malmi, Helsinki''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Finland''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Virpi Vertainen''
|-
| '''Completion''' || style="background:Lavender"|''3/2009''
|-
| '''Client''' || style="background:Lavender"|''The City of Helsinki, The Public Works Department, The Street and Park Division''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Slide2.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
|}

=== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ===

The Street and Park Division of The Public Works Department is responsible for the planning, construction and maintenance of public space in Helsinki. The Street and Park Division is also responsible for designing and constructing new streets and green areas to newly built areas. The Street and Park Unit of the Public Works Department is constantly developing and maintaining the network of streets and green areas to meet the needs of the Helsinki residents. The current state of structures, equipment and services is evaluated in the area programmes.

Concern is given also to the equal development of the city. Public participation is an important part of the planning process on strategic level, but also when planning renovation of an existing park or building a new one. Giving everyone an opportunity to participate ensures that the opinions of the authorities, residents and other stakeholders can all be considered when plans and programmes are drawn up.

=== Author's personal background ===

''
Title: Public space designer

Education: Bachelor of Horticulture, Study Program of Landscape Design

Student of the International Master of Landscape Architecture (IMLA) Program

Years of Professional Experience: 5-10

Current Employment:
City of Helsinki, Public Works Department
http://www.hkr.hel.fi

''

=== Process Biography Scheme ===

''
When preparing an area programme, the process starts with the inquiry for the residents of the planning area to find out their opinion of the public space. The process continues with the possibilities to participate to the local meetings, where the material and the draft of the area programme are presented to the audience and there is also time for discussion. The material is on website during the whole planning process and it is also possible to leave comments in there. The press is informed about the planning process and some announcements are published in local newspapers to ensure that the inhabitants and assosiations are able to get information about the planning process.

The Public Works Committee directs and supervises the activities of the Public Works Department. All the area programs are submitted for approval to the Committee.
''

[[Image:Slide.jpg]]

=== Who initiated the project and why? ===
The project was initiated by The Planning Office of The Street and Park Division (The Public Works Department, The City of Helsinki).

The main aim of the area programme is to develop and maintain the network of the green areas and the streets to meet the needs of the Helsinki residents by being functional, complex and comfortable.

=== When was public participation most intensive? ===

The inquiry was send to a thousand household of the planning area on autumn 2007 and it was also possible to answer to the inquiry in Internet. Totally 171 answers were got to the inquiry. The answering percent was not very high, but the project group got a good knowledge about the opinions and the ideas of the inhabitantas.

Tens of inhabitants took part to the exhibitions and the public meetings of the project. When the draft of the area programme was ready and was presented to the audience, the participation was probably most intensive: the people were very interested in the conclusions and the proposals of the programme and they were very active to tell their opinion about the matters.

There also were hundreds of people visiting the website of the project. But the people were not that eager to leave comments on the web.

=== Which participation tools have been applied? ===

==== On which level of participation? ====

Co–knowing tools: newspaper announcements, notifications to the stakeholders, website, exhibitions.

Co–operating tools: inquiry, public meetings with planners, the presentation of the programme for the politics, interactive website (possibility to leave comments).

=== Which stakeholders have been involved? ===

The inhabitants of the area

Different kinds of organisations and assosiation (residents' association, parental associations, assosiations of nature conservation, birds, sports, eldery etc.)

The administrations of the Helsinki City (city planning, sports, social, environment, youth, traffic etc.)

=== Have there been any festivities in order to involve the public? ===

There were no special festivities organised, but the public meetings were planned to be nice with serving of coffee and such.

=== Who made the major decisions and when? ===

The decisions concerning the outcome of the area programme were based on the analysis of the site, the result of the inquiry, the report of the present condition of the public space and the comments of the stakeholders. The final decisions of the proposals were made in the meetings of the project group.

The area programme was approved in the Public Works Committee meeting in 2009.

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Image Gallery ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Exhibition.jpg|Exhibition in Malmitalo
Image:Exhibition2.jpg|Exhibition in Malmitalo
Image:Public_meeting.jpg|Public meeting in Malmitalo
Image:Slide1.jpg|The project group
Image:Comment.jpg|A comment from the web-page
Image:Synthesis.jpg|The synthesis of the inquiry: Which green area is the best place for inhabitants to meet
</gallery>

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== References ===

The area programme of Ala-Malmi
http://www.hel.fi/static/hkr/julkaisut/2009/ala_malmi_2009_6.pdf

----

back to [http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Project_Biographies_Seminar_Public_Participation_09 Project Biography List]

----
[[Category:Project Biography]]
[[Category:Project Biography Working Group]]
[[Category:Finland]]
[[Category:Helsinki]]
[[Category:Participation Tool 1]]
[[Category:Participation Tool 2]]

The Area Programme of Ala-Malmi

2010-01-13T11:17:27Z

Vertainenv: /* Who initiated the project and why? */

back to [http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Project_Biographies_Seminar_Public_Participation_09 Project Biography List]

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"|''The area programme of Ala-Malmi''
|-
| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ala-Malmi, Helsinki''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Finland''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Virpi Vertainen''
|-
| '''Completion''' || style="background:Lavender"|''3/2009''
|-
| '''Client''' || style="background:Lavender"|''The City of Helsinki, The Public Works Department, The Street and Park Division''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Slide2.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
|}

=== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ===

The Street and Park Division of The Public Works Department is responsible for the planning, construction and maintenance of public space in Helsinki. The Street and Park Division is also responsible for designing and constructing new streets and green areas to newly built areas. The Street and Park Unit of the Public Works Department is constantly developing and maintaining the network of streets and green areas to meet the needs of the Helsinki residents. The current state of structures, equipment and services is evaluated in the area programmes.

Concern is given also to the equal development of the city. Public participation is an important part of the planning process on strategic level, but also when planning renovation of an existing park or building a new one. Giving everyone an opportunity to participate ensures that the opinions of the authorities, residents and other stakeholders can all be considered when plans and programmes are drawn up.

=== Author's personal background ===

''
Title: Public space designer

Education: Bachelor of Horticulture, Study Program of Landscape Design

Student of the International Master of Landscape Architecture (IMLA) Program

Years of Professional Experience: 5-10

Current Employment:
City of Helsinki, Public Works Department
http://www.hkr.hel.fi

''

=== Process Biography Scheme ===

''
When preparing an area programme, the process starts with the inquiry for the residents of the planning area to find out their opinion of the public space. The process continues with the possibilities to participate to the local meetings, where the material and the draft of the area programme are presented to the audience and there is also time for discussion. The material is on website during the whole planning process and it is also possible to leave comments in there. The press is informed about the planning process and some announcements are published in local newspapers to ensure that the inhabitants and assosiations are able to get information about the planning process.

The Public Works Committee directs and supervises the activities of the Public Works Department. All the area programs are submitted for approval to the Committee.
''

[[Image:Slide.jpg]]

=== Who initiated the project and why? ===
The project was initiated by The Planning Office of The Street and Park Division (The Public Works Department, The City of Helsinki).

The main aim of the area programme is to develop and maintain the network of the green areas and the streets to meet the needs of the Helsinki residents by being functional, complex and comfortable.

=== When was public participation most intensive? ===

The inquiry was send to a thousand household of the planning area on autumn 2007 and it was also possible to answer to the inquiry in Internet. Totally 171 answers were got to the inquiry. The answering procent was not very high, but the project group got a good knowledge about the ideas of the inhabitantas.

Tens of inhabitants took part to the exhibitions and the public meetings of the project. When the draft of the area programme was ready and was presented to the audience, the participation was most intensive: the people were very interested in the conclusions and the proposals of the programme and they were very active to tell their opinion about the matters.

There also were hundreds of people visiting the web-page of the project. But the people were not that eager to leave comments on the web.

=== Which participation tools have been applied? ===

==== On which level of participation? ====

Co–knowing tools: newspaper announcements, notifications to the stakeholders, website, exhibitions.

Co–operating tools: inquiry, public meetings with planners, the presentation of the programme for the politics, interactive website (possibility to leave comments).

=== Which stakeholders have been involved? ===

The inhabitants of the area

Different kinds of organisations and assosiation (residents' association, parental associations, assosiations of nature conservation, birds, sports, eldery etc.)

The administrations of the Helsinki City (city planning, sports, social, environment, youth, traffic etc.)

=== Have there been any festivities in order to involve the public? ===

There were no special festivities organised, but the public meetings were planned to be nice with serving of coffee and such.

=== Who made the major decisions and when? ===

The decisions concerning the outcome of the area programme were based on the analysis of the site, the result of the inquiry, the report of the present condition of the public space and the comments of the stakeholders. The final decisions of the proposals were made in the meetings of the project group.

The area programme was approved in the Public Works Committee meeting in 2009.

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Image Gallery ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Exhibition.jpg|Exhibition in Malmitalo
Image:Exhibition2.jpg|Exhibition in Malmitalo
Image:Public_meeting.jpg|Public meeting in Malmitalo
Image:Slide1.jpg|The project group
Image:Comment.jpg|A comment from the web-page
Image:Synthesis.jpg|The synthesis of the inquiry: Which green area is the best place for inhabitants to meet
</gallery>

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== References ===

The area programme of Ala-Malmi
http://www.hel.fi/static/hkr/julkaisut/2009/ala_malmi_2009_6.pdf

----

back to [http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Project_Biographies_Seminar_Public_Participation_09 Project Biography List]

----
[[Category:Project Biography]]
[[Category:Project Biography Working Group]]
[[Category:Finland]]
[[Category:Helsinki]]
[[Category:Participation Tool 1]]
[[Category:Participation Tool 2]]

The Area Programme of Ala-Malmi

2010-01-13T11:00:23Z

Vertainenv: /* Process Biography Scheme */

back to [http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Project_Biographies_Seminar_Public_Participation_09 Project Biography List]

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"|''The area programme of Ala-Malmi''
|-
| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ala-Malmi, Helsinki''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Finland''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Virpi Vertainen''
|-
| '''Completion''' || style="background:Lavender"|''3/2009''
|-
| '''Client''' || style="background:Lavender"|''The City of Helsinki, The Public Works Department, The Street and Park Division''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Slide2.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
|}

=== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ===

The Street and Park Division of The Public Works Department is responsible for the planning, construction and maintenance of public space in Helsinki. The Street and Park Division is also responsible for designing and constructing new streets and green areas to newly built areas. The Street and Park Unit of the Public Works Department is constantly developing and maintaining the network of streets and green areas to meet the needs of the Helsinki residents. The current state of structures, equipment and services is evaluated in the area programmes.

Concern is given also to the equal development of the city. Public participation is an important part of the planning process on strategic level, but also when planning renovation of an existing park or building a new one. Giving everyone an opportunity to participate ensures that the opinions of the authorities, residents and other stakeholders can all be considered when plans and programmes are drawn up.

=== Author's personal background ===

''
Title: Public space designer

Education: Bachelor of Horticulture, Study Program of Landscape Design

Student of the International Master of Landscape Architecture (IMLA) Program

Years of Professional Experience: 5-10

Current Employment:
City of Helsinki, Public Works Department
http://www.hkr.hel.fi

''

=== Process Biography Scheme ===

''
When preparing an area programme, the process starts with the inquiry for the residents of the planning area to find out their opinion of the public space. The process continues with the possibilities to participate to the local meetings, where the material and the draft of the area programme are presented to the audience and there is also time for discussion. The material is on website during the whole planning process and it is also possible to leave comments in there. The press is informed about the planning process and some announcements are published in local newspapers to ensure that the inhabitants and assosiations are able to get information about the planning process.

The Public Works Committee directs and supervises the activities of the Public Works Department. All the area programs are submitted for approval to the Committee.
''

[[Image:Slide.jpg]]

=== Who initiated the project and why? ===
The project was initiated by The Planning Office of The Street and Park Division of The Public Works Department The City in Helsinki.

The main aim of the area programme is to develop and maintain the network of green areas and the streets to meet the needs of the Helsinki residents by being functional, complex and comfortable.

=== When was public participation most intensive? ===

The inquiry was send to a thousand household of the planning area on autumn 2007 and it was also possible to answer to the inquiry in Internet. Totally 171 answers were got to the inquiry. The answering procent was not very high, but the project group got a good knowledge about the ideas of the inhabitantas.

Tens of inhabitants took part to the exhibitions and the public meetings of the project. When the draft of the area programme was ready and was presented to the audience, the participation was most intensive: the people were very interested in the conclusions and the proposals of the programme and they were very active to tell their opinion about the matters.

There also were hundreds of people visiting the web-page of the project. But the people were not that eager to leave comments on the web.

=== Which participation tools have been applied? ===

==== On which level of participation? ====

Co–knowing tools: newspaper announcements, notifications to the stakeholders, website, exhibitions.

Co–operating tools: inquiry, public meetings with planners, the presentation of the programme for the politics, interactive website (possibility to leave comments).

=== Which stakeholders have been involved? ===

The inhabitants of the area

Different kinds of organisations and assosiation (residents' association, parental associations, assosiations of nature conservation, birds, sports, eldery etc.)

The administrations of the Helsinki City (city planning, sports, social, environment, youth, traffic etc.)

=== Have there been any festivities in order to involve the public? ===

There were no special festivities organised, but the public meetings were planned to be nice with serving of coffee and such.

=== Who made the major decisions and when? ===

The decisions concerning the outcome of the area programme were based on the analysis of the site, the result of the inquiry, the report of the present condition of the public space and the comments of the stakeholders. The final decisions of the proposals were made in the meetings of the project group.

The area programme was approved in the Public Works Committee meeting in 2009.

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Image Gallery ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Exhibition.jpg|Exhibition in Malmitalo
Image:Exhibition2.jpg|Exhibition in Malmitalo
Image:Public_meeting.jpg|Public meeting in Malmitalo
Image:Slide1.jpg|The project group
Image:Comment.jpg|A comment from the web-page
Image:Synthesis.jpg|The synthesis of the inquiry: Which green area is the best place for inhabitants to meet
</gallery>

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== References ===

The area programme of Ala-Malmi
http://www.hel.fi/static/hkr/julkaisut/2009/ala_malmi_2009_6.pdf

----

back to [http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Project_Biographies_Seminar_Public_Participation_09 Project Biography List]

----
[[Category:Project Biography]]
[[Category:Project Biography Working Group]]
[[Category:Finland]]
[[Category:Helsinki]]
[[Category:Participation Tool 1]]
[[Category:Participation Tool 2]]

The Area Programme of Ala-Malmi

2010-01-13T10:57:07Z

Vertainenv: /* Rationale: Why is this case interesting? */

back to [http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Project_Biographies_Seminar_Public_Participation_09 Project Biography List]

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"|''The area programme of Ala-Malmi''
|-
| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ala-Malmi, Helsinki''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Finland''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Virpi Vertainen''
|-
| '''Completion''' || style="background:Lavender"|''3/2009''
|-
| '''Client''' || style="background:Lavender"|''The City of Helsinki, The Public Works Department, The Street and Park Division''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Slide2.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
|}

=== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ===

The Street and Park Division of The Public Works Department is responsible for the planning, construction and maintenance of public space in Helsinki. The Street and Park Division is also responsible for designing and constructing new streets and green areas to newly built areas. The Street and Park Unit of the Public Works Department is constantly developing and maintaining the network of streets and green areas to meet the needs of the Helsinki residents. The current state of structures, equipment and services is evaluated in the area programmes.

Concern is given also to the equal development of the city. Public participation is an important part of the planning process on strategic level, but also when planning renovation of an existing park or building a new one. Giving everyone an opportunity to participate ensures that the opinions of the authorities, residents and other stakeholders can all be considered when plans and programmes are drawn up.

=== Author's personal background ===

''
Title: Public space designer

Education: Bachelor of Horticulture, Study Program of Landscape Design

Student of the International Master of Landscape Architecture (IMLA) Program

Years of Professional Experience: 5-10

Current Employment:
City of Helsinki, Public Works Department
http://www.hkr.hel.fi

''

=== Process Biography Scheme ===

''
When preparing an area programme, the process starts with the inquiry for the residents of the planning area to find out their opinion of the public space. The process continues with the possibilities to participate to the local meetings, where the material and the draft of the area programme are presented to the audience and there is also time for discussion. The material is on web-pages during the whole planning process and it is possible to leave comments. The press is informed about the planning process and some advertisements are published in local newspapers to ensure, that the people interested are able to get information about the process.

The Public Works Committee directs and supervises the activities of the Public Works Department. All the area programs are submitted for approval to the Committee.
''

[[Image:Slide.jpg]]

=== Who initiated the project and why? ===
The project was initiated by The Planning Office of The Street and Park Division of The Public Works Department The City in Helsinki.

The main aim of the area programme is to develop and maintain the network of green areas and the streets to meet the needs of the Helsinki residents by being functional, complex and comfortable.

=== When was public participation most intensive? ===

The inquiry was send to a thousand household of the planning area on autumn 2007 and it was also possible to answer to the inquiry in Internet. Totally 171 answers were got to the inquiry. The answering procent was not very high, but the project group got a good knowledge about the ideas of the inhabitantas.

Tens of inhabitants took part to the exhibitions and the public meetings of the project. When the draft of the area programme was ready and was presented to the audience, the participation was most intensive: the people were very interested in the conclusions and the proposals of the programme and they were very active to tell their opinion about the matters.

There also were hundreds of people visiting the web-page of the project. But the people were not that eager to leave comments on the web.

=== Which participation tools have been applied? ===

==== On which level of participation? ====

Co–knowing tools: newspaper announcements, notifications to the stakeholders, website, exhibitions.

Co–operating tools: inquiry, public meetings with planners, the presentation of the programme for the politics, interactive website (possibility to leave comments).

=== Which stakeholders have been involved? ===

The inhabitants of the area

Different kinds of organisations and assosiation (residents' association, parental associations, assosiations of nature conservation, birds, sports, eldery etc.)

The administrations of the Helsinki City (city planning, sports, social, environment, youth, traffic etc.)

=== Have there been any festivities in order to involve the public? ===

There were no special festivities organised, but the public meetings were planned to be nice with serving of coffee and such.

=== Who made the major decisions and when? ===

The decisions concerning the outcome of the area programme were based on the analysis of the site, the result of the inquiry, the report of the present condition of the public space and the comments of the stakeholders. The final decisions of the proposals were made in the meetings of the project group.

The area programme was approved in the Public Works Committee meeting in 2009.

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Image Gallery ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Exhibition.jpg|Exhibition in Malmitalo
Image:Exhibition2.jpg|Exhibition in Malmitalo
Image:Public_meeting.jpg|Public meeting in Malmitalo
Image:Slide1.jpg|The project group
Image:Comment.jpg|A comment from the web-page
Image:Synthesis.jpg|The synthesis of the inquiry: Which green area is the best place for inhabitants to meet
</gallery>

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== References ===

The area programme of Ala-Malmi
http://www.hel.fi/static/hkr/julkaisut/2009/ala_malmi_2009_6.pdf

----

back to [http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Project_Biographies_Seminar_Public_Participation_09 Project Biography List]

----
[[Category:Project Biography]]
[[Category:Project Biography Working Group]]
[[Category:Finland]]
[[Category:Helsinki]]
[[Category:Participation Tool 1]]
[[Category:Participation Tool 2]]

The Area Programme of Ala-Malmi

2010-01-12T11:43:21Z

Vertainenv: /* Rationale: Why is this case interesting? */

back to [http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Project_Biographies_Seminar_Public_Participation_09 Project Biography List]

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"|''The area programme of Ala-Malmi''
|-
| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ala-Malmi, Helsinki''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Finland''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Virpi Vertainen''
|-
| '''Completion''' || style="background:Lavender"|''3/2009''
|-
| '''Client''' || style="background:Lavender"|''The City of Helsinki, The Public Works Department, The Street and Park Division''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Slide2.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
|}

=== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ===

The Street and Park Division of The Public Works Department is responsible for the planning, construction and maintenance of green areas in Helsinki. The Street and Park Division is also responsible for designing and constructing new green areas to newly built areas. The Street and Park Unit of the Public Works Department is constantly developing and maintaining the network of green areas to meet the needs of the Helsinki residents. The current state of structures, equipment and services is evaluated in the area programmes.

Concern is given also to the equal development of the city. Public participation is an important part of the planning process on strategic level, but also when planning renovation of an existing park or building a new one. Giving everyone an opportunity to participate ensures that the opinions of the authorities, residents and other stakeholders can all be considered when plans and programmes are drawn up.

=== Author's personal background ===

''
Title: Public space designer

Education: Bachelor of Horticulture, Study Program of Landscape Design

Student of the International Master of Landscape Architecture (IMLA) Program

Years of Professional Experience: 5-10

Current Employment:
City of Helsinki, Public Works Department
http://www.hkr.hel.fi

''

=== Process Biography Scheme ===

''
When preparing an area programme, the process starts with the inquiry for the residents of the planning area to find out their opinion of the public space. The process continues with the possibilities to participate to the local meetings, where the material and the draft of the area programme are presented to the audience and there is also time for discussion. The material is on web-pages during the whole planning process and it is possible to leave comments. The press is informed about the planning process and some advertisements are published in local newspapers to ensure, that the people interested are able to get information about the process.

The Public Works Committee directs and supervises the activities of the Public Works Department. All the area programs are submitted for approval to the Committee.
''

[[Image:Slide.jpg]]

=== Who initiated the project and why? ===
The project was initiated by The Planning Office of The Street and Park Division of The Public Works Department The City in Helsinki.

The main aim of the area programme is to develop and maintain the network of green areas and the streets to meet the needs of the Helsinki residents by being functional, complex and comfortable.

=== When was public participation most intensive? ===

The inquiry was send to a thousand household of the planning area on autumn 2007 and it was also possible to answer to the inquiry in Internet. Totally 171 answers were got to the inquiry. The answering procent was not very high, but the project group got a good knowledge about the ideas of the inhabitantas.

Tens of inhabitants took part to the exhibitions and the public meetings of the project. When the draft of the area programme was ready and was presented to the audience, the participation was most intensive: the people were very interested in the conclusions and the proposals of the programme and they were very active to tell their opinion about the matters.

There also were hundreds of people visiting the web-page of the project. But the people were not that eager to leave comments on the web.

=== Which participation tools have been applied? ===

==== On which level of participation? ====

Co–knowing tools: newspaper announcements, notifications to the stakeholders, website, exhibitions.

Co–operating tools: inquiry, public meetings with planners, the presentation of the programme for the politics, interactive website (possibility to leave comments).

=== Which stakeholders have been involved? ===

The inhabitants of the area

Different kinds of organisations and assosiation (residents' association, parental associations, assosiations of nature conservation, birds, sports, eldery etc.)

The administrations of the Helsinki City (city planning, sports, social, environment, youth, traffic etc.)

=== Have there been any festivities in order to involve the public? ===

There were no special festivities organised, but the public meetings were planned to be nice with serving of coffee and such.

=== Who made the major decisions and when? ===

The decisions concerning the outcome of the area programme were based on the analysis of the site, the result of the inquiry, the report of the present condition of the public space and the comments of the stakeholders. The final decisions of the proposals were made in the meetings of the project group.

The area programme was approved in the Public Works Committee meeting in 2009.

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Image Gallery ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Exhibition.jpg|Exhibition in Malmitalo
Image:Exhibition2.jpg|Exhibition in Malmitalo
Image:Public_meeting.jpg|Public meeting in Malmitalo
Image:Slide1.jpg|The project group
Image:Comment.jpg|A comment from the web-page
Image:Synthesis.jpg|The synthesis of the inquiry: Which green area is the best place for inhabitants to meet
</gallery>

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== References ===

The area programme of Ala-Malmi
http://www.hel.fi/static/hkr/julkaisut/2009/ala_malmi_2009_6.pdf

----

back to [http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Project_Biographies_Seminar_Public_Participation_09 Project Biography List]

----
[[Category:Project Biography]]
[[Category:Project Biography Working Group]]
[[Category:Finland]]
[[Category:Helsinki]]
[[Category:Participation Tool 1]]
[[Category:Participation Tool 2]]

The Area Programme of Ala-Malmi

2010-01-12T11:42:15Z

Vertainenv: /* Process Biography Scheme */

back to [http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Project_Biographies_Seminar_Public_Participation_09 Project Biography List]

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"|''The area programme of Ala-Malmi''
|-
| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ala-Malmi, Helsinki''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Finland''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Virpi Vertainen''
|-
| '''Completion''' || style="background:Lavender"|''3/2009''
|-
| '''Client''' || style="background:Lavender"|''The City of Helsinki, The Public Works Department, The Street and Park Division''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Slide2.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
|}

=== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ===

=== Author's personal background ===

''
Title: Public space designer

Education: Bachelor of Horticulture, Study Program of Landscape Design

Student of the International Master of Landscape Architecture (IMLA) Program

Years of Professional Experience: 5-10

Current Employment:
City of Helsinki, Public Works Department
http://www.hkr.hel.fi

''

=== Process Biography Scheme ===

''
When preparing an area programme, the process starts with the inquiry for the residents of the planning area to find out their opinion of the public space. The process continues with the possibilities to participate to the local meetings, where the material and the draft of the area programme are presented to the audience and there is also time for discussion. The material is on web-pages during the whole planning process and it is possible to leave comments. The press is informed about the planning process and some advertisements are published in local newspapers to ensure, that the people interested are able to get information about the process.

The Public Works Committee directs and supervises the activities of the Public Works Department. All the area programs are submitted for approval to the Committee.
''

[[Image:Slide.jpg]]

=== Who initiated the project and why? ===
The project was initiated by The Planning Office of The Street and Park Division of The Public Works Department The City in Helsinki.

The main aim of the area programme is to develop and maintain the network of green areas and the streets to meet the needs of the Helsinki residents by being functional, complex and comfortable.

=== When was public participation most intensive? ===

The inquiry was send to a thousand household of the planning area on autumn 2007 and it was also possible to answer to the inquiry in Internet. Totally 171 answers were got to the inquiry. The answering procent was not very high, but the project group got a good knowledge about the ideas of the inhabitantas.

Tens of inhabitants took part to the exhibitions and the public meetings of the project. When the draft of the area programme was ready and was presented to the audience, the participation was most intensive: the people were very interested in the conclusions and the proposals of the programme and they were very active to tell their opinion about the matters.

There also were hundreds of people visiting the web-page of the project. But the people were not that eager to leave comments on the web.

=== Which participation tools have been applied? ===

==== On which level of participation? ====

Co–knowing tools: newspaper announcements, notifications to the stakeholders, website, exhibitions.

Co–operating tools: inquiry, public meetings with planners, the presentation of the programme for the politics, interactive website (possibility to leave comments).

=== Which stakeholders have been involved? ===

The inhabitants of the area

Different kinds of organisations and assosiation (residents' association, parental associations, assosiations of nature conservation, birds, sports, eldery etc.)

The administrations of the Helsinki City (city planning, sports, social, environment, youth, traffic etc.)

=== Have there been any festivities in order to involve the public? ===

There were no special festivities organised, but the public meetings were planned to be nice with serving of coffee and such.

=== Who made the major decisions and when? ===

The decisions concerning the outcome of the area programme were based on the analysis of the site, the result of the inquiry, the report of the present condition of the public space and the comments of the stakeholders. The final decisions of the proposals were made in the meetings of the project group.

The area programme was approved in the Public Works Committee meeting in 2009.

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Image Gallery ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Exhibition.jpg|Exhibition in Malmitalo
Image:Exhibition2.jpg|Exhibition in Malmitalo
Image:Public_meeting.jpg|Public meeting in Malmitalo
Image:Slide1.jpg|The project group
Image:Comment.jpg|A comment from the web-page
Image:Synthesis.jpg|The synthesis of the inquiry: Which green area is the best place for inhabitants to meet
</gallery>

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== References ===

The area programme of Ala-Malmi
http://www.hel.fi/static/hkr/julkaisut/2009/ala_malmi_2009_6.pdf

----

back to [http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Project_Biographies_Seminar_Public_Participation_09 Project Biography List]

----
[[Category:Project Biography]]
[[Category:Project Biography Working Group]]
[[Category:Finland]]
[[Category:Helsinki]]
[[Category:Participation Tool 1]]
[[Category:Participation Tool 2]]

The Area Programme of Ala-Malmi

2010-01-12T11:40:02Z

Vertainenv: /* Who made the major decisions and when? */

back to [http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Project_Biographies_Seminar_Public_Participation_09 Project Biography List]

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"|''The area programme of Ala-Malmi''
|-
| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ala-Malmi, Helsinki''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Finland''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Virpi Vertainen''
|-
| '''Completion''' || style="background:Lavender"|''3/2009''
|-
| '''Client''' || style="background:Lavender"|''The City of Helsinki, The Public Works Department, The Street and Park Division''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Slide2.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
|}

=== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ===

=== Author's personal background ===

''
Title: Public space designer

Education: Bachelor of Horticulture, Study Program of Landscape Design

Student of the International Master of Landscape Architecture (IMLA) Program

Years of Professional Experience: 5-10

Current Employment:
City of Helsinki, Public Works Department
http://www.hkr.hel.fi

''

=== Process Biography Scheme ===

''
The Street and Park Division of The Public Works Department is responsible for the planning, construction and maintenance of green areas in Helsinki. The Street and Park Division is also responsible for designing and constructing new green areas to newly built areas. The Street and Park Unit of the Public Works Department is constantly developing and maintaining the network of green areas to meet the needs of the Helsinki residents. The current state of structures, equipment and services is evaluated in the area programmes. Concern is given also to the equal development of the city. Public participation is an important part of the planning process on strategic level, but also when planning renovation of an existing park or building a new one. Giving everyone an opportunity to participate ensures that the opinions of the authorities, residents and other stakeholders can all be considered when plans and programmes are drawn up.

When preparing an area programme, the process starts with the inquiry for the residents of the planning area to find out their opinion of the public space. The process continues with the possibilities to participate to the local meetings, where the material and the draft of the area programme are presented to the audience and there is also time for discussion. The material is on web-pages during the whole planning process and it is possible to leave comments. The press is informed about the planning process and some advertisements are published in local newspapers to ensure, that the people interested are able to get information about the process.

The Public Works Committee directs and supervises the activities of the Public Works Department. All the area programs are submitted for approval to the Committee.
''

[[Image:Slide.jpg]]

=== Who initiated the project and why? ===
The project was initiated by The Planning Office of The Street and Park Division of The Public Works Department The City in Helsinki.

The main aim of the area programme is to develop and maintain the network of green areas and the streets to meet the needs of the Helsinki residents by being functional, complex and comfortable.

=== When was public participation most intensive? ===

The inquiry was send to a thousand household of the planning area on autumn 2007 and it was also possible to answer to the inquiry in Internet. Totally 171 answers were got to the inquiry. The answering procent was not very high, but the project group got a good knowledge about the ideas of the inhabitantas.

Tens of inhabitants took part to the exhibitions and the public meetings of the project. When the draft of the area programme was ready and was presented to the audience, the participation was most intensive: the people were very interested in the conclusions and the proposals of the programme and they were very active to tell their opinion about the matters.

There also were hundreds of people visiting the web-page of the project. But the people were not that eager to leave comments on the web.

=== Which participation tools have been applied? ===

==== On which level of participation? ====

Co–knowing tools: newspaper announcements, notifications to the stakeholders, website, exhibitions.

Co–operating tools: inquiry, public meetings with planners, the presentation of the programme for the politics, interactive website (possibility to leave comments).

=== Which stakeholders have been involved? ===

The inhabitants of the area

Different kinds of organisations and assosiation (residents' association, parental associations, assosiations of nature conservation, birds, sports, eldery etc.)

The administrations of the Helsinki City (city planning, sports, social, environment, youth, traffic etc.)

=== Have there been any festivities in order to involve the public? ===

There were no special festivities organised, but the public meetings were planned to be nice with serving of coffee and such.

=== Who made the major decisions and when? ===

The decisions concerning the outcome of the area programme were based on the analysis of the site, the result of the inquiry, the report of the present condition of the public space and the comments of the stakeholders. The final decisions of the proposals were made in the meetings of the project group.

The area programme was approved in the Public Works Committee meeting in 2009.

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Image Gallery ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Exhibition.jpg|Exhibition in Malmitalo
Image:Exhibition2.jpg|Exhibition in Malmitalo
Image:Public_meeting.jpg|Public meeting in Malmitalo
Image:Slide1.jpg|The project group
Image:Comment.jpg|A comment from the web-page
Image:Synthesis.jpg|The synthesis of the inquiry: Which green area is the best place for inhabitants to meet
</gallery>

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== References ===

The area programme of Ala-Malmi
http://www.hel.fi/static/hkr/julkaisut/2009/ala_malmi_2009_6.pdf

----

back to [http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Project_Biographies_Seminar_Public_Participation_09 Project Biography List]

----
[[Category:Project Biography]]
[[Category:Project Biography Working Group]]
[[Category:Finland]]
[[Category:Helsinki]]
[[Category:Participation Tool 1]]
[[Category:Participation Tool 2]]

The Area Programme of Ala-Malmi

2010-01-12T11:30:36Z

Vertainenv: /* Have there been any festivities in order to involve the public? */

back to [http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Project_Biographies_Seminar_Public_Participation_09 Project Biography List]

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"|''The area programme of Ala-Malmi''
|-
| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ala-Malmi, Helsinki''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Finland''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Virpi Vertainen''
|-
| '''Completion''' || style="background:Lavender"|''3/2009''
|-
| '''Client''' || style="background:Lavender"|''The City of Helsinki, The Public Works Department, The Street and Park Division''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Slide2.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
|}

=== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ===

=== Author's personal background ===

''
Title: Public space designer

Education: Bachelor of Horticulture, Study Program of Landscape Design

Student of the International Master of Landscape Architecture (IMLA) Program

Years of Professional Experience: 5-10

Current Employment:
City of Helsinki, Public Works Department
http://www.hkr.hel.fi

''

=== Process Biography Scheme ===

''
The Street and Park Division of The Public Works Department is responsible for the planning, construction and maintenance of green areas in Helsinki. The Street and Park Division is also responsible for designing and constructing new green areas to newly built areas. The Street and Park Unit of the Public Works Department is constantly developing and maintaining the network of green areas to meet the needs of the Helsinki residents. The current state of structures, equipment and services is evaluated in the area programmes. Concern is given also to the equal development of the city. Public participation is an important part of the planning process on strategic level, but also when planning renovation of an existing park or building a new one. Giving everyone an opportunity to participate ensures that the opinions of the authorities, residents and other stakeholders can all be considered when plans and programmes are drawn up.

When preparing an area programme, the process starts with the inquiry for the residents of the planning area to find out their opinion of the public space. The process continues with the possibilities to participate to the local meetings, where the material and the draft of the area programme are presented to the audience and there is also time for discussion. The material is on web-pages during the whole planning process and it is possible to leave comments. The press is informed about the planning process and some advertisements are published in local newspapers to ensure, that the people interested are able to get information about the process.

The Public Works Committee directs and supervises the activities of the Public Works Department. All the area programs are submitted for approval to the Committee.
''

[[Image:Slide.jpg]]

=== Who initiated the project and why? ===
The project was initiated by The Planning Office of The Street and Park Division of The Public Works Department The City in Helsinki.

The main aim of the area programme is to develop and maintain the network of green areas and the streets to meet the needs of the Helsinki residents by being functional, complex and comfortable.

=== When was public participation most intensive? ===

The inquiry was send to a thousand household of the planning area on autumn 2007 and it was also possible to answer to the inquiry in Internet. Totally 171 answers were got to the inquiry. The answering procent was not very high, but the project group got a good knowledge about the ideas of the inhabitantas.

Tens of inhabitants took part to the exhibitions and the public meetings of the project. When the draft of the area programme was ready and was presented to the audience, the participation was most intensive: the people were very interested in the conclusions and the proposals of the programme and they were very active to tell their opinion about the matters.

There also were hundreds of people visiting the web-page of the project. But the people were not that eager to leave comments on the web.

=== Which participation tools have been applied? ===

==== On which level of participation? ====

Co–knowing tools: newspaper announcements, notifications to the stakeholders, website, exhibitions.

Co–operating tools: inquiry, public meetings with planners, the presentation of the programme for the politics, interactive website (possibility to leave comments).

=== Which stakeholders have been involved? ===

The inhabitants of the area

Different kinds of organisations and assosiation (residents' association, parental associations, assosiations of nature conservation, birds, sports, eldery etc.)

The administrations of the Helsinki City (city planning, sports, social, environment, youth, traffic etc.)

=== Have there been any festivities in order to involve the public? ===

There were no special festivities organised, but the public meetings were planned to be nice with serving of coffee and such.

=== Who made the major decisions and when? ===

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Image Gallery ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Exhibition.jpg|Exhibition in Malmitalo
Image:Exhibition2.jpg|Exhibition in Malmitalo
Image:Public_meeting.jpg|Public meeting in Malmitalo
Image:Slide1.jpg|The project group
Image:Comment.jpg|A comment from the web-page
Image:Synthesis.jpg|The synthesis of the inquiry: Which green area is the best place for inhabitants to meet
</gallery>

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== References ===

The area programme of Ala-Malmi
http://www.hel.fi/static/hkr/julkaisut/2009/ala_malmi_2009_6.pdf

----

back to [http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Project_Biographies_Seminar_Public_Participation_09 Project Biography List]

----
[[Category:Project Biography]]
[[Category:Project Biography Working Group]]
[[Category:Finland]]
[[Category:Helsinki]]
[[Category:Participation Tool 1]]
[[Category:Participation Tool 2]]

The Area Programme of Ala-Malmi

2010-01-12T11:28:18Z

Vertainenv: /* Which stakeholders have been involved? */

back to [http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Project_Biographies_Seminar_Public_Participation_09 Project Biography List]

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"|''The area programme of Ala-Malmi''
|-
| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ala-Malmi, Helsinki''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Finland''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Virpi Vertainen''
|-
| '''Completion''' || style="background:Lavender"|''3/2009''
|-
| '''Client''' || style="background:Lavender"|''The City of Helsinki, The Public Works Department, The Street and Park Division''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Slide2.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
|}

=== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ===

=== Author's personal background ===

''
Title: Public space designer

Education: Bachelor of Horticulture, Study Program of Landscape Design

Student of the International Master of Landscape Architecture (IMLA) Program

Years of Professional Experience: 5-10

Current Employment:
City of Helsinki, Public Works Department
http://www.hkr.hel.fi

''

=== Process Biography Scheme ===

''
The Street and Park Division of The Public Works Department is responsible for the planning, construction and maintenance of green areas in Helsinki. The Street and Park Division is also responsible for designing and constructing new green areas to newly built areas. The Street and Park Unit of the Public Works Department is constantly developing and maintaining the network of green areas to meet the needs of the Helsinki residents. The current state of structures, equipment and services is evaluated in the area programmes. Concern is given also to the equal development of the city. Public participation is an important part of the planning process on strategic level, but also when planning renovation of an existing park or building a new one. Giving everyone an opportunity to participate ensures that the opinions of the authorities, residents and other stakeholders can all be considered when plans and programmes are drawn up.

When preparing an area programme, the process starts with the inquiry for the residents of the planning area to find out their opinion of the public space. The process continues with the possibilities to participate to the local meetings, where the material and the draft of the area programme are presented to the audience and there is also time for discussion. The material is on web-pages during the whole planning process and it is possible to leave comments. The press is informed about the planning process and some advertisements are published in local newspapers to ensure, that the people interested are able to get information about the process.

The Public Works Committee directs and supervises the activities of the Public Works Department. All the area programs are submitted for approval to the Committee.
''

[[Image:Slide.jpg]]

=== Who initiated the project and why? ===
The project was initiated by The Planning Office of The Street and Park Division of The Public Works Department The City in Helsinki.

The main aim of the area programme is to develop and maintain the network of green areas and the streets to meet the needs of the Helsinki residents by being functional, complex and comfortable.

=== When was public participation most intensive? ===

The inquiry was send to a thousand household of the planning area on autumn 2007 and it was also possible to answer to the inquiry in Internet. Totally 171 answers were got to the inquiry. The answering procent was not very high, but the project group got a good knowledge about the ideas of the inhabitantas.

Tens of inhabitants took part to the exhibitions and the public meetings of the project. When the draft of the area programme was ready and was presented to the audience, the participation was most intensive: the people were very interested in the conclusions and the proposals of the programme and they were very active to tell their opinion about the matters.

There also were hundreds of people visiting the web-page of the project. But the people were not that eager to leave comments on the web.

=== Which participation tools have been applied? ===

==== On which level of participation? ====

Co–knowing tools: newspaper announcements, notifications to the stakeholders, website, exhibitions.

Co–operating tools: inquiry, public meetings with planners, the presentation of the programme for the politics, interactive website (possibility to leave comments).

=== Which stakeholders have been involved? ===

The inhabitants of the area

Different kinds of organisations and assosiation (residents' association, parental associations, assosiations of nature conservation, birds, sports, eldery etc.)

The administrations of the Helsinki City (city planning, sports, social, environment, youth, traffic etc.)

=== Have there been any festivities in order to involve the public? ===

=== Who made the major decisions and when? ===

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Image Gallery ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Exhibition.jpg|Exhibition in Malmitalo
Image:Exhibition2.jpg|Exhibition in Malmitalo
Image:Public_meeting.jpg|Public meeting in Malmitalo
Image:Slide1.jpg|The project group
Image:Comment.jpg|A comment from the web-page
Image:Synthesis.jpg|The synthesis of the inquiry: Which green area is the best place for inhabitants to meet
</gallery>

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== References ===

The area programme of Ala-Malmi
http://www.hel.fi/static/hkr/julkaisut/2009/ala_malmi_2009_6.pdf

----

back to [http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Project_Biographies_Seminar_Public_Participation_09 Project Biography List]

----
[[Category:Project Biography]]
[[Category:Project Biography Working Group]]
[[Category:Finland]]
[[Category:Helsinki]]
[[Category:Participation Tool 1]]
[[Category:Participation Tool 2]]

The Area Programme of Ala-Malmi

2010-01-12T11:19:01Z

Vertainenv: /* On which level of participation? On which level of participation? */

back to [http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Project_Biographies_Seminar_Public_Participation_09 Project Biography List]

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"|''The area programme of Ala-Malmi''
|-
| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ala-Malmi, Helsinki''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Finland''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Virpi Vertainen''
|-
| '''Completion''' || style="background:Lavender"|''3/2009''
|-
| '''Client''' || style="background:Lavender"|''The City of Helsinki, The Public Works Department, The Street and Park Division''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Slide2.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
|}

=== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ===

=== Author's personal background ===

''
Title: Public space designer

Education: Bachelor of Horticulture, Study Program of Landscape Design

Student of the International Master of Landscape Architecture (IMLA) Program

Years of Professional Experience: 5-10

Current Employment:
City of Helsinki, Public Works Department
http://www.hkr.hel.fi

''

=== Process Biography Scheme ===

''
The Street and Park Division of The Public Works Department is responsible for the planning, construction and maintenance of green areas in Helsinki. The Street and Park Division is also responsible for designing and constructing new green areas to newly built areas. The Street and Park Unit of the Public Works Department is constantly developing and maintaining the network of green areas to meet the needs of the Helsinki residents. The current state of structures, equipment and services is evaluated in the area programmes. Concern is given also to the equal development of the city. Public participation is an important part of the planning process on strategic level, but also when planning renovation of an existing park or building a new one. Giving everyone an opportunity to participate ensures that the opinions of the authorities, residents and other stakeholders can all be considered when plans and programmes are drawn up.

When preparing an area programme, the process starts with the inquiry for the residents of the planning area to find out their opinion of the public space. The process continues with the possibilities to participate to the local meetings, where the material and the draft of the area programme are presented to the audience and there is also time for discussion. The material is on web-pages during the whole planning process and it is possible to leave comments. The press is informed about the planning process and some advertisements are published in local newspapers to ensure, that the people interested are able to get information about the process.

The Public Works Committee directs and supervises the activities of the Public Works Department. All the area programs are submitted for approval to the Committee.
''

[[Image:Slide.jpg]]

=== Who initiated the project and why? ===
The project was initiated by The Planning Office of The Street and Park Division of The Public Works Department The City in Helsinki.

The main aim of the area programme is to develop and maintain the network of green areas and the streets to meet the needs of the Helsinki residents by being functional, complex and comfortable.

=== When was public participation most intensive? ===

The inquiry was send to a thousand household of the planning area on autumn 2007 and it was also possible to answer to the inquiry in Internet. Totally 171 answers were got to the inquiry. The answering procent was not very high, but the project group got a good knowledge about the ideas of the inhabitantas.

Tens of inhabitants took part to the exhibitions and the public meetings of the project. When the draft of the area programme was ready and was presented to the audience, the participation was most intensive: the people were very interested in the conclusions and the proposals of the programme and they were very active to tell their opinion about the matters.

There also were hundreds of people visiting the web-page of the project. But the people were not that eager to leave comments on the web.

=== Which participation tools have been applied? ===

==== On which level of participation? ====

Co–knowing tools: newspaper announcements, notifications to the stakeholders, website, exhibitions.

Co–operating tools: inquiry, public meetings with planners, the presentation of the programme for the politics, interactive website (possibility to leave comments).

=== Which stakeholders have been involved? ===

=== Have there been any festivities in order to involve the public? ===

=== Who made the major decisions and when? ===

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Image Gallery ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Exhibition.jpg|Exhibition in Malmitalo
Image:Exhibition2.jpg|Exhibition in Malmitalo
Image:Public_meeting.jpg|Public meeting in Malmitalo
Image:Slide1.jpg|The project group
Image:Comment.jpg|A comment from the web-page
Image:Synthesis.jpg|The synthesis of the inquiry: Which green area is the best place for inhabitants to meet
</gallery>

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== References ===

The area programme of Ala-Malmi
http://www.hel.fi/static/hkr/julkaisut/2009/ala_malmi_2009_6.pdf

----

back to [http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Project_Biographies_Seminar_Public_Participation_09 Project Biography List]

----
[[Category:Project Biography]]
[[Category:Project Biography Working Group]]
[[Category:Finland]]
[[Category:Helsinki]]
[[Category:Participation Tool 1]]
[[Category:Participation Tool 2]]

The Area Programme of Ala-Malmi

2010-01-12T11:18:27Z

Vertainenv: /* Which participation tools have been applied? */

back to [http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Project_Biographies_Seminar_Public_Participation_09 Project Biography List]

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"|''The area programme of Ala-Malmi''
|-
| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ala-Malmi, Helsinki''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Finland''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Virpi Vertainen''
|-
| '''Completion''' || style="background:Lavender"|''3/2009''
|-
| '''Client''' || style="background:Lavender"|''The City of Helsinki, The Public Works Department, The Street and Park Division''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Slide2.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
|}

=== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ===

=== Author's personal background ===

''
Title: Public space designer

Education: Bachelor of Horticulture, Study Program of Landscape Design

Student of the International Master of Landscape Architecture (IMLA) Program

Years of Professional Experience: 5-10

Current Employment:
City of Helsinki, Public Works Department
http://www.hkr.hel.fi

''

=== Process Biography Scheme ===

''
The Street and Park Division of The Public Works Department is responsible for the planning, construction and maintenance of green areas in Helsinki. The Street and Park Division is also responsible for designing and constructing new green areas to newly built areas. The Street and Park Unit of the Public Works Department is constantly developing and maintaining the network of green areas to meet the needs of the Helsinki residents. The current state of structures, equipment and services is evaluated in the area programmes. Concern is given also to the equal development of the city. Public participation is an important part of the planning process on strategic level, but also when planning renovation of an existing park or building a new one. Giving everyone an opportunity to participate ensures that the opinions of the authorities, residents and other stakeholders can all be considered when plans and programmes are drawn up.

When preparing an area programme, the process starts with the inquiry for the residents of the planning area to find out their opinion of the public space. The process continues with the possibilities to participate to the local meetings, where the material and the draft of the area programme are presented to the audience and there is also time for discussion. The material is on web-pages during the whole planning process and it is possible to leave comments. The press is informed about the planning process and some advertisements are published in local newspapers to ensure, that the people interested are able to get information about the process.

The Public Works Committee directs and supervises the activities of the Public Works Department. All the area programs are submitted for approval to the Committee.
''

[[Image:Slide.jpg]]

=== Who initiated the project and why? ===
The project was initiated by The Planning Office of The Street and Park Division of The Public Works Department The City in Helsinki.

The main aim of the area programme is to develop and maintain the network of green areas and the streets to meet the needs of the Helsinki residents by being functional, complex and comfortable.

=== When was public participation most intensive? ===

The inquiry was send to a thousand household of the planning area on autumn 2007 and it was also possible to answer to the inquiry in Internet. Totally 171 answers were got to the inquiry. The answering procent was not very high, but the project group got a good knowledge about the ideas of the inhabitantas.

Tens of inhabitants took part to the exhibitions and the public meetings of the project. When the draft of the area programme was ready and was presented to the audience, the participation was most intensive: the people were very interested in the conclusions and the proposals of the programme and they were very active to tell their opinion about the matters.

There also were hundreds of people visiting the web-page of the project. But the people were not that eager to leave comments on the web.

=== Which participation tools have been applied? ===

==== On which level of participation? On which level of participation? ====

Co–knowing tools: newspaper announcements, notifications to the stakeholders, website, exhibitions.

Co–operating tools: inquiry, public meetings with planners, the presentation of the programme for the politics, interactive website (possibility to leave comments).

=== Which stakeholders have been involved? ===

=== Have there been any festivities in order to involve the public? ===

=== Who made the major decisions and when? ===

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Image Gallery ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Exhibition.jpg|Exhibition in Malmitalo
Image:Exhibition2.jpg|Exhibition in Malmitalo
Image:Public_meeting.jpg|Public meeting in Malmitalo
Image:Slide1.jpg|The project group
Image:Comment.jpg|A comment from the web-page
Image:Synthesis.jpg|The synthesis of the inquiry: Which green area is the best place for inhabitants to meet
</gallery>

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== References ===

The area programme of Ala-Malmi
http://www.hel.fi/static/hkr/julkaisut/2009/ala_malmi_2009_6.pdf

----

back to [http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Project_Biographies_Seminar_Public_Participation_09 Project Biography List]

----
[[Category:Project Biography]]
[[Category:Project Biography Working Group]]
[[Category:Finland]]
[[Category:Helsinki]]
[[Category:Participation Tool 1]]
[[Category:Participation Tool 2]]

The Area Programme of Ala-Malmi

2010-01-12T11:10:12Z

Vertainenv: /* When was public participation most intensive? */

back to [http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Project_Biographies_Seminar_Public_Participation_09 Project Biography List]

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"|''The area programme of Ala-Malmi''
|-
| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ala-Malmi, Helsinki''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Finland''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Virpi Vertainen''
|-
| '''Completion''' || style="background:Lavender"|''3/2009''
|-
| '''Client''' || style="background:Lavender"|''The City of Helsinki, The Public Works Department, The Street and Park Division''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Slide2.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
|}

=== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ===

=== Author's personal background ===

''
Title: Public space designer

Education: Bachelor of Horticulture, Study Program of Landscape Design

Student of the International Master of Landscape Architecture (IMLA) Program

Years of Professional Experience: 5-10

Current Employment:
City of Helsinki, Public Works Department
http://www.hkr.hel.fi

''

=== Process Biography Scheme ===

''
The Street and Park Division of The Public Works Department is responsible for the planning, construction and maintenance of green areas in Helsinki. The Street and Park Division is also responsible for designing and constructing new green areas to newly built areas. The Street and Park Unit of the Public Works Department is constantly developing and maintaining the network of green areas to meet the needs of the Helsinki residents. The current state of structures, equipment and services is evaluated in the area programmes. Concern is given also to the equal development of the city. Public participation is an important part of the planning process on strategic level, but also when planning renovation of an existing park or building a new one. Giving everyone an opportunity to participate ensures that the opinions of the authorities, residents and other stakeholders can all be considered when plans and programmes are drawn up.

When preparing an area programme, the process starts with the inquiry for the residents of the planning area to find out their opinion of the public space. The process continues with the possibilities to participate to the local meetings, where the material and the draft of the area programme are presented to the audience and there is also time for discussion. The material is on web-pages during the whole planning process and it is possible to leave comments. The press is informed about the planning process and some advertisements are published in local newspapers to ensure, that the people interested are able to get information about the process.

The Public Works Committee directs and supervises the activities of the Public Works Department. All the area programs are submitted for approval to the Committee.
''

[[Image:Slide.jpg]]

=== Who initiated the project and why? ===
The project was initiated by The Planning Office of The Street and Park Division of The Public Works Department The City in Helsinki.

The main aim of the area programme is to develop and maintain the network of green areas and the streets to meet the needs of the Helsinki residents by being functional, complex and comfortable.

=== When was public participation most intensive? ===

The inquiry was send to a thousand household of the planning area on autumn 2007 and it was also possible to answer to the inquiry in Internet. Totally 171 answers were got to the inquiry. The answering procent was not very high, but the project group got a good knowledge about the ideas of the inhabitantas.

Tens of inhabitants took part to the exhibitions and the public meetings of the project. When the draft of the area programme was ready and was presented to the audience, the participation was most intensive: the people were very interested in the conclusions and the proposals of the programme and they were very active to tell their opinion about the matters.

There also were hundreds of people visiting the web-page of the project. But the people were not that eager to leave comments on the web.

=== Which participation tools have been applied? ===

==== On which level of participation? ====

=== Which stakeholders have been involved? ===

=== Have there been any festivities in order to involve the public? ===

=== Who made the major decisions and when? ===

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Image Gallery ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Exhibition.jpg|Exhibition in Malmitalo
Image:Exhibition2.jpg|Exhibition in Malmitalo
Image:Public_meeting.jpg|Public meeting in Malmitalo
Image:Slide1.jpg|The project group
Image:Comment.jpg|A comment from the web-page
Image:Synthesis.jpg|The synthesis of the inquiry: Which green area is the best place for inhabitants to meet
</gallery>

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== References ===

The area programme of Ala-Malmi
http://www.hel.fi/static/hkr/julkaisut/2009/ala_malmi_2009_6.pdf

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back to [http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Project_Biographies_Seminar_Public_Participation_09 Project Biography List]

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[[Category:Project Biography]]
[[Category:Project Biography Working Group]]
[[Category:Finland]]
[[Category:Helsinki]]
[[Category:Participation Tool 1]]
[[Category:Participation Tool 2]]

The Area Programme of Ala-Malmi

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The Area Programme of Ala-Malmi

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The Area Programme of Ala-Malmi

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Making of the area programme of Ala-Malmi

The Area Programme of Ala-Malmi

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Project Biographies Seminar Public Participation 09

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Dear students, please add your name and the title of your project biography to this list. You will then be given a template for completing your documentation.

* [[Project Biography Template]]

----

'''List of Participants' Themes:'''

== Urban Open Space ==
* [[Gleisdreieck (Railway Triangle) Berlin, Germany]] by Christian
* [[Hirschgarten München, Germany]] by Asma
* [[Interkultureller Generationenpark (Inter-cultural Generations Park) Dessau, Germany]] by Susanne
*[[Old Town Rehabilitation in Schweinfurt, Germany|Old Town Rehabilitation in Schweinfurt]] by Markus
* [[Urban Redevelopment Eisring Süd in Vienna, Austria|Urban Redevelopment Eisring Süd]] by Barbara
* [[Bunte Gärten (Colourful Gardens) Esslingen-Pliensauvorstadt, Germany]] by Ulrike
* [[Open Spaces Gemeinschaftszentrum Heuried in Zürich, Switzerland|Open Spaces Gemeinschaftszentrum Heuried]] by Daniel

== Residential Areas ==
* [[Vauban Quarter in Freiburg, Germany|Vauban Quarter Freiburg]] by Haris
*[[Residential Area Tannweg in Bad Vilbel, Germany|Residential Area Tannweg in Bad Vilbel]] by Sven
*[[Food in the neigborhood in Madrid, Spain]] by Maria Buey and Virginia Pascual
*[[The Area Programme of Ala-Malmi, Helsinki, Finland]] by Virpi

== Urban Water Landscapes ==
* [[New Landscapes of Sydney Harbor|New Landscapes of Sydney Harbor, Australia]] by Ishrat
* [[Regeneration of Don River in Toronto, Canada]] by Archana
* [[Lorzenuferweg in Cham, Switzerland|Lorzenuferweg in Cham]] by Kristin
== Recreation Areas (/Nature Reserves) ==
* [[Raghadan Forest, Saudi Arabia]] by Fahad
* [[Muranska Planina]] by Wendy
* [[Mogan Lake, Ankara-Turkey]] by Emel Baylan

== Cultural Landscapes ==
* [[Aussichtsplattform (Lookout) am Remsknie in Winterbach, Germany]] by Issia Habou

* add your theme here: title and your name
* add your theme here...
* ....

Literature and Resources Participation

2009-11-02T11:30:03Z

Vertainenv: /* Methods and Tools */

''THIS SITE IS STILL UNDER CONSTRUCTION!!!''

== Lecture Documents ==
* 20th October 2009: [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=466 Rational Planning and the Communicative Turn]
''An introduction to the evolution of participatory planning by Prof. Diedrich Bruns''

* 27th October 2009: [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=521 Planning according to the European Landscape Convention]
''An Overview by Prof. Diedrich Bruns''

These documents are only available for '''seminar participants'''.

== Topic Map Public Participation ==
[[Image:Topicmap participation.jpeg|thumb|900px|topic map on public participation|none]]

== Planning Theory and Methodology ==

=== First Generation ===

*'''Ian McHarg:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/27/_Planning_Theory_and_Methodology/07_06_McHarg_-_Design_with_Nature.pdf Design with Nature]

=== Second Generation ===

*'''Sherry R. Arnstein:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/27/Decision_Making/Arnstein_A_Ladder_of_Citizen_Participation.pdf A Ladder of Citizen Participation]

*'''Patsy Healey:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=506 Planning through debate: The Communicative Turn in Planning Theory]

*'''Patsy Healey:''' [http://www.geography.dur.ac.uk/information/staff/personal/graham/pdf_files/40.pdf Relational concepts of space and place - Issues for planning theory and practice] (umut)

*'''Patsy Healey:''' [http://www.ru.nl/aspx/download.aspx?File=/contents/pages/356205/sem-healeynewinstiutionalism.doc The New Institutionalism and the Transformative Goals of Planning]

*'''Patsy Healey et al.:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=507 Making Strategic Spatial Plans - Innovation in Europe]

*'''Horst W. J. Rittel & Melvin M. Webber:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=513 Dilemmas in a General Theory of Planning]

=== Third Generation ===

*'''William J. Fear:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=503 Programme Evaluation Theory: The Next Step Toward a Synthesis of Logic Models and Organisational Theory]

*'''Glenn D. Israel:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=510 Using Logic Models for Program Development]

*'''Walter Schönwandt:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=514 Grundriss einer Planungstheorie der "dritten Generation" (GERMAN)]

*'''Walter Schönwandt:''' [http://books.google.de/books?id=FaM-fEqnaaEC&pg=PA19&lpg=PA19&dq=third+generation+spatial+planning&source=bl&ots=WrNvu_VwBA&sig=HmsZwe80CoLQExu0SInH5GaNdlM&hl=de&ei=hffnSq3kE5eomgPY2cWoCA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=8&ved=0CDQQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=third%20generation%20spatial%20planning&f=false Planning in Crisis?] (team hanover - Peter Müller, Ralf Steffen)

=== not yet defined ===

*'''Alan Altshuler:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=497 The Goals of Comprehensive Planning]

*'''David Braybrooke & Charles E. Lindblom:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=499 Zur Strategie der unkoordinierten kleinen Schritte (Original: Disjointed Incrementalism) (GERMAN)]

*'''Susan Fainstein:''' [http://www.columbia.edu/~jwp70/etexts/Can%20We%20Make%20CitiesWeWant.pdf Can We Make Cities We Want] (Umut)

*'''Susan Fainstein:''' [http://www.oamk.fi/luova/hankkeita/entracop/copack/docs/introduction/theories/literature/Feinstein.pdf New Directions in Planning Theory]

*'''Susan Fainstein:''' [http://www.gsd.harvard.edu/people/faculty/fainstein/text/Planning%20Theory%20and%20the%20City%20final.pdf Planning Theory and the City]

*'''Andreas Faludi:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=502 A decision-centered view of Environmental Planning]

*'''Andreas Faludi:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=498 Planungstheorie oder Theorie des Planens? (GERMAN)]

*'''Andreas Faludi:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=501 What is Planning Theory?]

*'''Andreas Faludi et al.:''' [http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/eserv/eth:22383/eth-22383-41.pdf#page=4 Introducing Evidence-based planning]

*'''Bent Flyvbjerg:''' [http://flyvbjerg.plan.aau.dk/PhronPlan7.1PUBL.pdf Phronetic Planning Research - Theoretical and Methodological Reflections]

*'''Bent Flyvbjerg:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=504 Rationality and Power]

*'''Bent Flyvbjerg:''' [http://flyvbjerg.plan.aau.dk/DarksideofplanningPUBL.pdf The Dark Side of Planning (Commentary)] (Kirsten)

*'''John Friedmann:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=505 Two Centuries of Planning Theory: An Overview]

*'''John Friedmann:''' [http://www.planung-neu-denken.de/dokumente/friedmann%20i%7C2007.pdf Planning in the Public Domain: Twenty Years On]

*'''John Friedmann:''' [http://atusocialplanning.ir/PDF/Friedman.pdf Globalization and the emerging culture of planning]

*'''Charles E. Lindblom:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=511 The Science of "Muddling-through"]

*'''Sandra Rosenbloom:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=512 Research Questions on Normative Theories of Planning]

*'''Klaus Selle:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=515 Kooperativ handeln. Versuch, die laufenden Veränderungen auf den Begriff zu bringen (GERMAN)]

*'''Klaus Selle:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=516 Was ist bloß mit der Planung los? (GERMAN)]

*'''Klaus Selle:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=517 Phasen oder Stufen? Fortgesetzte Anmerkungen zum Wandel des Planungsverständnisses (GERMAN)]

*'''Klaus Selle:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=518 Blick zurück nach vorn. Versuch über Wandel, Konstanz und Neubeginn (GERMAN)]

*'''Klaus Selle:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=519 Planung lehren? Überlegungen (GERMAN)]

*'''Carl Steinitz:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=520 A Framework for Theory Applicable to the Education of Landscape Architects (and other Environmental Design Professionals)]

== Motivation of Planners ==

=== European Landscape Convention ===

*'''The Council of Europe:''' [http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/en/Treaties/Html/176.htm The European Landscape Convention] (Umut)

*'''The Committee of Ministers:''' [http://www.landscapecharacter.org.uk/files/pdfs/ELC-Guidelines-For-Implementation.pdf Recommendations for the implementation of the European Landscape Convention, February 2008]

*'''Maguelonne Déjeant-Pons:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/27/_Motivation_of_Planners/THE_EUROPEAN_LANDSCAPE_CONVENTION_DEJEANTPONSMaguelonne.pdf The European Landscape Convention]

*'''Maguelonne Déjeant-Pons:''' [http://www.swkk.de/hermes/research/Buchbeitraege/HERMES-Band_3/HERMES_vol3_22Dejeant-Pons.pdf The implementation of the European Landscape Convention]

*'''Michael Jones:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=558 The European Landscape Convention and the Question of Public Participation]

*'''Paul Selman:''' [http://ejournal.nbii.org/archives/vol4iss2/communityessay.selman.pdf What do we mean by sustainable landscape?]

=== European Water Framework Directive ===

*'''The Council of Europe:''' [http://ec.europa.eu/environment/water/water-framework/info/intro_en.htm Introduction to the new EU Water Framework Directive]

*'''The European Commission:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=524 Common Implementation Strategy for the WFD (2000/60/EC) - Public Participation in relation to the Water Framework Directive]

*'''EC:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/27/_Motivation_of_Planners/WFD_GUIDANCE_ON_PUBLIC_PARTICIPATION_Active_involvement_Consultation_and_Public_access_to_information.pdf Guidance on Public Participation in relation to the WFD - Active involvement, Consultation, and Public access to information]

*'''EC:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/27/_Motivation_of_Planners/WFD_Annex_I_Public_Participation_Techniques.pdf Public Participation Techniques (Annex I)]

=== Territorial Agenda of the European Union ===

*'''Andreas Faludi:''' [http://www.nordregio.se/EJSD/refereed21.pdf The European Spatial Development Perspective - Shaping the Agenda]

*'''Andreas Faludi:''' [http://www.nordregio.se/EJSD/faludioncohesion.pdf The Third Cohesion Report and the European Spatial Development Perspective]

*'''Andreas Faludi:''' [https://www.lincolninst.edu/pubs/dl/1179_631_Web%20Chapter%20Territorial%20Cohesion.pdf The European Model of Society]

*'''Andreas Faludi:''' [https://www.lincolninst.edu/pubs/dl/1397_730_Web%20Chapter.pdf European Spatial Research and Planning]

*'''Andreas Faludi:''' [http://www.aesop2007napoli.it/full_paper/track2/track2_155.pdf Making Sense of the "Territorial Agenda of the European Union"]

*'''Andreas Faludi:''' [http://aesop2005.scix.net/data/papers/att/228.fullTextPrint.pdf Territorial Cohesion Policy and the European Model of Society]

== Decision Making ==

*'''Amitai Etzioni:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=500 Mixed-scanning: A "Third" Approach to Decision-making]

*'''Susan Fainstein:''' [http://www.gsd.harvard.edu/people/faculty/fainstein/text/Competitiveness,%20Cohesion%20Governance%20IJURR%20final.pdf Competitiveness, Cohesion, and Governance - Their Implications for Social Justice]

*'''Andreas Faludi:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=502 A decision-centered view of Environmental Planning]

*'''Bent Flyvbjerg:''' [http://vbn.aau.dk/ws/fbspretrieve/2003479/wps3781.pdf Policy and Planning for Large Infrastructure Projects - Problems, Causes, Cures]

*'''Kathleen E. Halvorsen:''' [http://www.humanecologyreview.org/pastissues/her132/halvorsen.pdf Critical Next Steps in Research on Public Meetings and Environmental Decision Making]

*'''Patsy Healey:''' [http://www.nsl.ethz.ch/index.php/en/content/download/975/5957/file Creativity and Urban Governance]

*'''Bert Enserink et al.:''' [http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol12/iss2/art24/ Cultural Factors as Co-Determinants of Participation in River Basin Management]

*'''Dr. Sharon Hophmayer-Tokich: '''[http://www.utwente.nl/cstm/reports/Downloads/PP_and_the_WFD.pdf Public Participation under the EU Water Framework Directive – processes and possible outcomes]

*'''Jerzy Jendrosky''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=535 UN ECE Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-Making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters - Towards more effective Public Involvement in Monitoring Compliance and Enforcement in Europe]

*'''Jens Newig & Oliver Fritsch:''' [http://www.governat.eu/files/files/dp15_gn8newig_fritsch_epg.pdf Environmental Governance: Participatory, Multi-level – and Effective?] (Barbara)

*''' UN Economic and Social Council:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=533 Progress in the Implementation of the ECE Guidelines on Public Participation in Environmental Decision-Making]

*'''Thomas Webler & Seth Tuler:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=549 Four Perspectives on Public Participation Process in Environmental Assessment and Decision Making - Combined Results from 10 Case Studies]

*'''Thomas Webler et al.:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=534 Public participation in decision making - A three-step procedure]

== Methods and Tools ==

*'''Noel Boaden et all.:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=538 Planning and Participation in Practice: A Study of Public Participation in Structure Planning]

*'''Luuk Boelens:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=539 Beyond the Plan - Towards a New Kind of Planning] (Virpi)

*'''Caron Chess & Branden B. Johnson:''' [http://www.humanecologyreview.org/pastissues/her132/chessjohnson.pdf Organizational Learning about Public Participation - “Tiggers” and “Eeyores”]

*'''Paul Cloke & Patrick Hanrahan:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=540 Policy and Implementation in Rural Planning]

*'''John M. Cohen & Norman T. Uphoff:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=541 Participation’s Place in Rural Development - Seeking Clarity through Specificity]

*'''Katharine Coit:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=542 Participation, social movements and social change]

*'''Susan Fainstein:''' [http://www.columbia.edu/~jwp70/etexts/FAINSTEIN_Planning%20and%20the%20Just%20City-for%20Columbia%20conf_2006.pdf Planning and the Just City]

*'''Marisa B. Guaraldo M. Rezende:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=543 Decentralised Popular Planning - A Strategy for Change]

*'''HarmoniCOP - Harmonising COllaborative Planning:''' [http://www.harmonicop.uni-osnabrueck.de/_files/_down/HarmoniCOPinception.pdf Public Participation and the European Water Framework Directive - Inception report]

*'''HarmoniCOP - Harmonising COllaborative Planning:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/27/_Motivation_of_Planners/HarmoniCOP_Social_Learning_in_River_Basin_Management.pdf Social Learning in River Basin Management]

*'''Corina Höppner et all.:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=544 Assessing psycho-social effects of participatory landscape planning] (Markus)

*'''Corina Höppner et all.:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=545 Assessing psycho-social effects of participatory landscape planning (Abstract)]

*'''Mária Kozová & Pavlína Misíková:''' [http://www.iale.sk/download/study.mat/land.planning.pdf Landscape Planning as a strong forward looking tool for integrated spatial management]

*'''Jens Newig et al.:''' [http://www.usf.uos.de/~jnewig/Newig_Pahl-Wostl_Sigel_2005%20preprint.pdf The Role of Public Participation in Managing Uncertainty in the Implementation of the Water Framework Directive]

*'''Michael Pacione:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=546 Public participation in neighbourhood change]

*'''Judith Petts:''' [http://www.humanecologyreview.org/pastissues/her132/petts.pdf Managing Public Engagement to Optimize Learning: Reflections from Urban River Restoration]

*'''Jeremy Rowan-Robinson and Roger Durman:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=547 Planning policy and planning agreements]

*'''Robert Mark Silverman:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=548 Sandwiched between Patronage and Bureaucracy: The Plight of Citizen Participation in Community-based Housing Organisations in the US]

*'''Thomas Webler & Seth Tuler:''' [http://www.humanecologyreview.org/pastissues/her82/82weblertuler.pdf Public Participation in Watershed Management Planning: Views on Process from People in the Field]

*'''Thomas Webler et al.:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=550 What Is a Good Public Participation Process? Five Perspectives from the Public]

*'''Thomas Webler et al.:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=551 Public Participation in Impact Assessment - A Social Learning Perspective] (Archana Bais)

*'''WWF Danube-Carpathian Programme:''' [http://www.icpdr.org/icpdr/static/dw2003_2/dw0203p09.htm Water Framework Directive and public participation]

*'''WWF Danube-Carpathian Programme:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/27/_Motivation_of_Planners/WWF_Danube_Carpathian_Programm_PUBLIC_PARTICIPATION_NGOs_AND_THE_WFD_IN_CENTRAL_AND_EASTERN_EUROPE.pdf PUBLIC PARTICIPATION, NGOs AND THE WFD IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE]

Literature and Resources Participation

2009-11-02T11:16:08Z

Vertainenv: /* Methods and Tools */

''THIS SITE IS STILL UNDER CONSTRUCTION!!!''

== Lecture Documents ==
* 20th October 2009: [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=466 Rational Planning and the Communicative Turn]
''An introduction to the evolution of participatory planning by Prof. Diedrich Bruns''

* 27th October 2009: [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=521 Planning according to the European Landscape Convention]
''An Overview by Prof. Diedrich Bruns''

These documents are only available for '''seminar participants'''.

== Topic Map Public Participation ==
[[Image:Topicmap participation.jpeg|thumb|900px|topic map on public participation|none]]

== Planning Theory and Methodology ==

=== First Generation ===

*'''Ian McHarg:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/27/_Planning_Theory_and_Methodology/07_06_McHarg_-_Design_with_Nature.pdf Design with Nature]

=== Second Generation ===

*'''Sherry R. Arnstein:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/27/Decision_Making/Arnstein_A_Ladder_of_Citizen_Participation.pdf A Ladder of Citizen Participation]

*'''Patsy Healey:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=506 Planning through debate: The Communicative Turn in Planning Theory]

*'''Patsy Healey:''' [http://www.geography.dur.ac.uk/information/staff/personal/graham/pdf_files/40.pdf Relational concepts of space and place - Issues for planning theory and practice] (umut)

*'''Patsy Healey:''' [http://www.ru.nl/aspx/download.aspx?File=/contents/pages/356205/sem-healeynewinstiutionalism.doc The New Institutionalism and the Transformative Goals of Planning]

*'''Patsy Healey et al.:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=507 Making Strategic Spatial Plans - Innovation in Europe]

*'''Horst W. J. Rittel & Melvin M. Webber:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=513 Dilemmas in a General Theory of Planning]

=== Third Generation ===

*'''William J. Fear:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=503 Programme Evaluation Theory: The Next Step Toward a Synthesis of Logic Models and Organisational Theory]

*'''Glenn D. Israel:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=510 Using Logic Models for Program Development]

*'''Walter Schönwandt:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=514 Grundriss einer Planungstheorie der "dritten Generation" (GERMAN)]

*'''Walter Schönwandt:''' [http://books.google.de/books?id=FaM-fEqnaaEC&pg=PA19&lpg=PA19&dq=third+generation+spatial+planning&source=bl&ots=WrNvu_VwBA&sig=HmsZwe80CoLQExu0SInH5GaNdlM&hl=de&ei=hffnSq3kE5eomgPY2cWoCA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=8&ved=0CDQQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=third%20generation%20spatial%20planning&f=false Planning in Crisis?] (team hanover - Peter Müller, Ralf Steffen)

=== not yet defined ===

*'''Alan Altshuler:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=497 The Goals of Comprehensive Planning]

*'''David Braybrooke & Charles E. Lindblom:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=499 Zur Strategie der unkoordinierten kleinen Schritte (Original: Disjointed Incrementalism) (GERMAN)]

*'''Susan Fainstein:''' [http://www.columbia.edu/~jwp70/etexts/Can%20We%20Make%20CitiesWeWant.pdf Can We Make Cities We Want] (Umut)

*'''Susan Fainstein:''' [http://www.oamk.fi/luova/hankkeita/entracop/copack/docs/introduction/theories/literature/Feinstein.pdf New Directions in Planning Theory]

*'''Susan Fainstein:''' [http://www.gsd.harvard.edu/people/faculty/fainstein/text/Planning%20Theory%20and%20the%20City%20final.pdf Planning Theory and the City]

*'''Andreas Faludi:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=502 A decision-centered view of Environmental Planning]

*'''Andreas Faludi:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=498 Planungstheorie oder Theorie des Planens? (GERMAN)]

*'''Andreas Faludi:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=501 What is Planning Theory?]

*'''Andreas Faludi et al.:''' [http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/eserv/eth:22383/eth-22383-41.pdf#page=4 Introducing Evidence-based planning]

*'''Bent Flyvbjerg:''' [http://flyvbjerg.plan.aau.dk/PhronPlan7.1PUBL.pdf Phronetic Planning Research - Theoretical and Methodological Reflections]

*'''Bent Flyvbjerg:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=504 Rationality and Power]

*'''Bent Flyvbjerg:''' [http://flyvbjerg.plan.aau.dk/DarksideofplanningPUBL.pdf The Dark Side of Planning (Commentary)] (Kirsten)

*'''John Friedmann:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=505 Two Centuries of Planning Theory: An Overview]

*'''John Friedmann:''' [http://www.planung-neu-denken.de/dokumente/friedmann%20i%7C2007.pdf Planning in the Public Domain: Twenty Years On]

*'''John Friedmann:''' [http://atusocialplanning.ir/PDF/Friedman.pdf Globalization and the emerging culture of planning]

*'''Charles E. Lindblom:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=511 The Science of "Muddling-through"]

*'''Sandra Rosenbloom:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=512 Research Questions on Normative Theories of Planning]

*'''Klaus Selle:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=515 Kooperativ handeln. Versuch, die laufenden Veränderungen auf den Begriff zu bringen (GERMAN)]

*'''Klaus Selle:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=516 Was ist bloß mit der Planung los? (GERMAN)]

*'''Klaus Selle:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=517 Phasen oder Stufen? Fortgesetzte Anmerkungen zum Wandel des Planungsverständnisses (GERMAN)]

*'''Klaus Selle:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=518 Blick zurück nach vorn. Versuch über Wandel, Konstanz und Neubeginn (GERMAN)]

*'''Klaus Selle:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=519 Planung lehren? Überlegungen (GERMAN)]

*'''Carl Steinitz:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=520 A Framework for Theory Applicable to the Education of Landscape Architects (and other Environmental Design Professionals)]

== Motivation of Planners ==

=== European Landscape Convention ===

*'''The Council of Europe:''' [http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/en/Treaties/Html/176.htm The European Landscape Convention] (Umut)

*'''The Committee of Ministers:''' [http://www.landscapecharacter.org.uk/files/pdfs/ELC-Guidelines-For-Implementation.pdf Recommendations for the implementation of the European Landscape Convention, February 2008]

*'''Maguelonne Déjeant-Pons:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/27/_Motivation_of_Planners/THE_EUROPEAN_LANDSCAPE_CONVENTION_DEJEANTPONSMaguelonne.pdf The European Landscape Convention]

*'''Maguelonne Déjeant-Pons:''' [http://www.swkk.de/hermes/research/Buchbeitraege/HERMES-Band_3/HERMES_vol3_22Dejeant-Pons.pdf The implementation of the European Landscape Convention]

*'''Michael Jones:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=558 The European Landscape Convention and the Question of Public Participation]

*'''Paul Selman:''' [http://ejournal.nbii.org/archives/vol4iss2/communityessay.selman.pdf What do we mean by sustainable landscape?]

=== European Water Framework Directive ===

*'''The Council of Europe:''' [http://ec.europa.eu/environment/water/water-framework/info/intro_en.htm Introduction to the new EU Water Framework Directive]

*'''The European Commission:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=524 Common Implementation Strategy for the WFD (2000/60/EC) - Public Participation in relation to the Water Framework Directive]

*'''EC:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/27/_Motivation_of_Planners/WFD_GUIDANCE_ON_PUBLIC_PARTICIPATION_Active_involvement_Consultation_and_Public_access_to_information.pdf Guidance on Public Participation in relation to the WFD - Active involvement, Consultation, and Public access to information]

*'''EC:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/27/_Motivation_of_Planners/WFD_Annex_I_Public_Participation_Techniques.pdf Public Participation Techniques (Annex I)]

=== Territorial Agenda of the European Union ===

*'''Andreas Faludi:''' [http://www.nordregio.se/EJSD/refereed21.pdf The European Spatial Development Perspective - Shaping the Agenda]

*'''Andreas Faludi:''' [http://www.nordregio.se/EJSD/faludioncohesion.pdf The Third Cohesion Report and the European Spatial Development Perspective]

*'''Andreas Faludi:''' [https://www.lincolninst.edu/pubs/dl/1179_631_Web%20Chapter%20Territorial%20Cohesion.pdf The European Model of Society]

*'''Andreas Faludi:''' [https://www.lincolninst.edu/pubs/dl/1397_730_Web%20Chapter.pdf European Spatial Research and Planning]

*'''Andreas Faludi:''' [http://www.aesop2007napoli.it/full_paper/track2/track2_155.pdf Making Sense of the "Territorial Agenda of the European Union"]

*'''Andreas Faludi:''' [http://aesop2005.scix.net/data/papers/att/228.fullTextPrint.pdf Territorial Cohesion Policy and the European Model of Society]

== Decision Making ==

*'''Amitai Etzioni:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=500 Mixed-scanning: A "Third" Approach to Decision-making]

*'''Susan Fainstein:''' [http://www.gsd.harvard.edu/people/faculty/fainstein/text/Competitiveness,%20Cohesion%20Governance%20IJURR%20final.pdf Competitiveness, Cohesion, and Governance - Their Implications for Social Justice]

*'''Andreas Faludi:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=502 A decision-centered view of Environmental Planning]

*'''Bent Flyvbjerg:''' [http://vbn.aau.dk/ws/fbspretrieve/2003479/wps3781.pdf Policy and Planning for Large Infrastructure Projects - Problems, Causes, Cures]

*'''Kathleen E. Halvorsen:''' [http://www.humanecologyreview.org/pastissues/her132/halvorsen.pdf Critical Next Steps in Research on Public Meetings and Environmental Decision Making]

*'''Patsy Healey:''' [http://www.nsl.ethz.ch/index.php/en/content/download/975/5957/file Creativity and Urban Governance]

*'''Bert Enserink et al.:''' [http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol12/iss2/art24/ Cultural Factors as Co-Determinants of Participation in River Basin Management]

*'''Dr. Sharon Hophmayer-Tokich: '''[http://www.utwente.nl/cstm/reports/Downloads/PP_and_the_WFD.pdf Public Participation under the EU Water Framework Directive – processes and possible outcomes]

*'''Jerzy Jendrosky''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=535 UN ECE Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-Making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters - Towards more effective Public Involvement in Monitoring Compliance and Enforcement in Europe]

*'''Jens Newig & Oliver Fritsch:''' [http://www.governat.eu/files/files/dp15_gn8newig_fritsch_epg.pdf Environmental Governance: Participatory, Multi-level – and Effective?] (Barbara)

*''' UN Economic and Social Council:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=533 Progress in the Implementation of the ECE Guidelines on Public Participation in Environmental Decision-Making]

*'''Thomas Webler & Seth Tuler:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=549 Four Perspectives on Public Participation Process in Environmental Assessment and Decision Making - Combined Results from 10 Case Studies]

*'''Thomas Webler et al.:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=534 Public participation in decision making - A three-step procedure]

== Methods and Tools ==

*'''Noel Boaden et all.:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=538 Planning and Participation in Practice: A Study of Public Participation in Structure Planning]

*'''Luuk Boelens:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=539 Beyond the Plan - Towards a New Kind of Planning]

*'''Caron Chess & Branden B. Johnson:''' [http://www.humanecologyreview.org/pastissues/her132/chessjohnson.pdf Organizational Learning about Public Participation - “Tiggers” and “Eeyores”]

*'''Paul Cloke & Patrick Hanrahan:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=540 Policy and Implementation in Rural Planning]

*'''John M. Cohen & Norman T. Uphoff:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=541 Participation’s Place in Rural Development - Seeking Clarity through Specificity]

*'''Katharine Coit:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=542 Participation, social movements and social change]

*'''Susan Fainstein:''' [http://www.columbia.edu/~jwp70/etexts/FAINSTEIN_Planning%20and%20the%20Just%20City-for%20Columbia%20conf_2006.pdf Planning and the Just City]

*'''Marisa B. Guaraldo M. Rezende:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=543 Decentralised Popular Planning - A Strategy for Change]

*'''HarmoniCOP - Harmonising COllaborative Planning:''' [http://www.harmonicop.uni-osnabrueck.de/_files/_down/HarmoniCOPinception.pdf Public Participation and the European Water Framework Directive - Inception report]

*'''HarmoniCOP - Harmonising COllaborative Planning:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/27/_Motivation_of_Planners/HarmoniCOP_Social_Learning_in_River_Basin_Management.pdf Social Learning in River Basin Management]

*'''Corina Höppner et all.:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=544 Assessing psycho-social effects of participatory landscape planning] (Markus)

*'''Corina Höppner et all.:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=545 Assessing psycho-social effects of participatory landscape planning (Abstract)]

*'''Mária Kozová & Pavlína Misíková:''' [http://www.iale.sk/download/study.mat/land.planning.pdf Landscape Planning as a strong forward looking tool for integrated spatial management]

*'''Jens Newig et al.:''' [http://www.usf.uos.de/~jnewig/Newig_Pahl-Wostl_Sigel_2005%20preprint.pdf The Role of Public Participation in Managing Uncertainty in the Implementation of the Water Framework Directive]

*'''Michael Pacione:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=546 Public participation in neighbourhood change](Virpi)

*'''Judith Petts:''' [http://www.humanecologyreview.org/pastissues/her132/petts.pdf Managing Public Engagement to Optimize Learning: Reflections from Urban River Restoration]

*'''Jeremy Rowan-Robinson and Roger Durman:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=547 Planning policy and planning agreements]

*'''Robert Mark Silverman:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=548 Sandwiched between Patronage and Bureaucracy: The Plight of Citizen Participation in Community-based Housing Organisations in the US]

*'''Thomas Webler & Seth Tuler:''' [http://www.humanecologyreview.org/pastissues/her82/82weblertuler.pdf Public Participation in Watershed Management Planning: Views on Process from People in the Field]

*'''Thomas Webler et al.:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=550 What Is a Good Public Participation Process? Five Perspectives from the Public]

*'''Thomas Webler et al.:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=551 Public Participation in Impact Assessment - A Social Learning Perspective] (Archana Bais)

*'''WWF Danube-Carpathian Programme:''' [http://www.icpdr.org/icpdr/static/dw2003_2/dw0203p09.htm Water Framework Directive and public participation]

*'''WWF Danube-Carpathian Programme:''' [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/27/_Motivation_of_Planners/WWF_Danube_Carpathian_Programm_PUBLIC_PARTICIPATION_NGOs_AND_THE_WFD_IN_CENTRAL_AND_EASTERN_EUROPE.pdf PUBLIC PARTICIPATION, NGOs AND THE WFD IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE]

Viikki

2009-02-20T15:22:10Z

Vertainenv: /* Image Gallery */

'''An ecological housing area of Viikki in Helsinki'''
{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''An Ecological Housing Area of Viikki''
|-
| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Helsinki''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Finland''
|-
| '''Topic''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Residential Environments, Urban Ecology''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Virpi Vertainen''
|-
| '''Completion''' || style="background:Lavender"|''The year of completion 2004''
|-
| '''Client''' || style="background:Lavender"|''''
|-
| '''Project costs''' || style="background:Lavender"|''''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"| [[Image:Viikki_raportit_(Large).jpg|200px]]
|-
| colspan="3" align="right" style="background:silver"| <googlemap version="0.9" lat="60.191377" lon="24.99939" type="satellite" zoom="10" width="300" height="250">
60.22638, 25.01949
Viikki, Helsinki
</googlemap>
|}

=== Rationale: Why is this case study interesting? ===

Viikki is a district in the inner city area of Helsinki, near an extensive area of open farmland and wetland nature reserve of Vanhakaupunginlahti. It is situated 8 km to the Northeast of the centre of Helsinki. Viikki is a neighborhood of about 7 000 inhabitants. The population is still rising and the construction of apartment blocks for housing will continue until the year 2010. Public spaces will be completed by the year 2012.Viikki also hosts for example four faculties of the University of Helsinki. The Viikki Science Park is a centre for research, study and entrepreneurship focused on biology and biotechnology. In the middle of the Viikki district there are housing blocks, which are known as ecological housing area. The Eco-Viikki is home to some 1,800 residents. The building of the housing area of The Eco-Viikki began in the spring of 1998 and was completed in 2004.

Ecological housing area's establishment was linked with several programmes of ecologically sustainable development and experimental building among others. The main objective was to implement design and construction according to ecological building trends and gain experience for future projects. There was design competitions held to get ideas for the Master plan and to some of the ecological building blocks. During the planning and construction of Eco-Viikki exceptionally strict ecological criteria were set by the City of Helsinki as conditions for the housing construction companies.

The eco neighbourhood blocks are the result of long-term work aimed at putting ecological principles into practice. The master plan is based on a finger-like structure with alternating buildings and green open spaces. Ecological objectives have also been realised through projects related to municipal engineering and green spaces.

The Eco-Viikki project can serve as a useful example for ecologically sustainable construction projects in the future. The eco area is also a display window of Finnish know-how. There has a lot of monitoring made to evaluate the results of the ecological housing area project: the impacts of the project has been assessed through questionnaires and evaluations to see how well environmental objectives have been achieved. Also biodiversity of the area has been examined as well as the use of storm water.

=== Author's perspective ===

Focus of my case study is in ecological engineering solutions on public space and gardens for residents. Projects have involved for example uses for storm water, using clay to form roadbeds, landscaping of the Viikinoja Ditch and composting, allotments and collecting surface water run-off in gardens for residents.

=== Landscape and/or urban context===

The size of the ecological housing area is 24 hectares and there are around 800 apartments in there. The housing area is located next to the green area of Viikinoja valley, which is part of the green finger leading from Vanhakaupunginlahti to Kivikko. The green finger of Vanhakaupunginlahti-Kivikko is a green backbone of the whole Viikki area. There are housing blocks, university buildings, play area for children and good sport facilities in the suburb.

The eco area is marked to the Master plan as a housing area and it is densely built with green, finger-like garden system. Typical feature in the gardens of the eco area is, that there are allotments and a lot of edible plants, such as fruit trees and berry bushes used in there.

[[Image:viikki_1.jpg|thumb|300px]]
[[Image:viikki_2.jpg|thumb|300px]]

=== Cultural/social/political context===

The aims of sustainagle development was included in Finnish building legislation in 1990. Interest to develop environmentally friendly living environments raised and research programmes were initiated. The results of the reserach and development projects needed to be tested in practice. The Ministry of Environment and the Finnish Association of Architects created a project of the Eco-Community in 1993. In 1994 Viikki was selected as a pilot area, where the ecological principles of building will be tested in practice.

The eco area was planned to be as nature-preserving as possible. But the desire in project was not only ecological but also economical. Modern tehchnology is used to produce and to save energy. The need of vehicles is minimised: good public transportation, services produced locally, working is possible at home. The housing area is located near cultivated land and nature corricoor to remind of and to provide close connection to the nature.

In the survey for inhabitants of the eco area held 2003, the neighborhood was said to be classy and village-like. People appreciate the proximity of nature and want to protect the neighborhood against excessive construction. The garden plots were very popular among inhabitants. The people living in Eco-Viikki seem to be aware of the environmental issues and they are active: for example the survey for inhabitants was mailed to all households and the response rate was almost 70 per cent!

[http://www.hel.fi/wps/portal/Kaupunkisuunnitteluvirasto/Artikkeli?WCM_GLOBAL_CONTEXT=/Ksv/fi/Ajankohtaiset+suunnitelmat/Projektialueet/Viikki+-+Kivikko/Latokartano/Viikki-Kivikko_latokartano_ekokorttelit]

=== History ===

Viikki used to be open farmland area surrounded by forests before it was planned to be a residential area. The construction of the Eco-Viikki begin with the planning process in 1998. The ecological housing area was completed in 2004.

=== Spatial analysis of area/project/plan===

The eco area was planned to be densely built housing area with clear, finger-like green structure. In the process it was important to apply in the principles of ecological housing and sustainable development.

[http://www.hel.fi/wps/portal/Kaupunkisuunnitteluvirasto/Artikkeli?WCM_GLOBAL_CONTEXT=/Ksv/fi/Ajankohtaiset+suunnitelmat/Projektialueet/Viikki+-+Kivikko/Viikki-Kivikko_havainnekuva]

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Core Questions Working Group Nature Conservation / Water ===
==== What is the role of user groups? ====

In the park area close to the residents there are good possibilities for playing: there is a playground and also a lot of free space to fly a kite, play football. There are also allotments available for growing vegetables on the neighboring park area. The green environment provides possibilities for recreation to all age groups. Most of the people using recreation areas are living in Viikki. Viikki area is a home especially for many young families. There might also be the user group of the people, who are studying or working in the area: the park is a place to take a break in the park having a picnic, taking a walk, jogging.

Viikki is located on the open farmland area of Viikki and close to the nature reserve of the Vanhankaupunginlahti. The closeness of the sea and nature gives values not only for the landscape but also for recreation: watching birds, fishing, canoeing etc. A good network of recreation routes exists on this larger green area. The nature reserve of Vanhakaupunginlahti invites not only the people living in the neighborhood but also the people from the whole Helsinki to visit the place and enjoy the nature values and the landscape.

The use of the public space in Viikki is mostly responsible and there are not much problems with vandalizm or littering.

==== What is the role of the city? ====

Viikki is located on the open farmland area of Viikki and close to the nature reserve of the Vanhankaupunginlahti. It is situated 8 km to the Northeast of the centre of Helsinki.

Viikki is at the moment a neighborhood of about 7 000 inhabitants. The population is still rising and the construction of apartment blocks for housing will continue until the year 2010. Viikki also hosts for example four faculties of the University of Helsinki.

The land-use is guided by the Master plan and the detailed plan. Valuable nature area of Vanhankaupunginlahti is recognized and labeled with the status of nature reserve area. There is no pressure of housing to spread to the green areas. There are a lot of people using green areas for recreation: on the nature reserve area they are guided to walk along the paths and routes and there are no visible signs of un-responsible use.

==== How do urban and natural structures interact? ====

The master plan is based on a finger-like structure with alternating buildings and green open spaces. Green spaces forms corridors for natural species to move. The edge is soft and green.

Ecological objectives have also been realised through projects related to gardens and green spaces: the range of vegetation used is large, there are several layers of vegetation, the variety of plants are selected based on the natural conditions of the place, the idea was to use domestic species as much as possible.

==== What is the role of water? ====

Project has involved uses for storm water. The surface water run-off is collected in gardens for residents. Collected water is used to water the allotments to ensure nutrients and water to be recycled. The rest of the water is running towards the Viikinoja ditch. Landscaping of the Viikinoja ditch is made from the ecological point of view: there is a lot of different kind of vegetation used and the ditch is curving naturally in the landscape. The ditch is profiled so, that the bed is looking nice even if there is not much water running, but it can also manage the flood caused by rainstorms or the melting water from snow.

The water element is necessary for the biodiversity but it is also a value in landscape. There is no recreational value of the water in Viikki, because the ditch is too small for example for swimming.

==== What is the evolution of the urban relation between humans and nature? ====

'''2004 from City of Helsinki?'''

Viikki is a district in the inner city area of Helsinki, near an extensive area of open farmland and wetland nature reserve of Vanhakaupunginlahti. It is situated 8 km to the Northeast of the centre of Helsinki. Viikki is a neighborhood of about 7 000 inhabitants. The eco neighbourhood blocks are the result of long-term work aimed at putting ecological principles into practice. The master plan is based on a finger-like structure with alternating buildings and green open spaces. There are a lot of people using green areas for recreation: on the nature reserve area they are guided to walk along the paths and routes and there are no visible signs of un-responsible use. Project has involved uses for storm water. The surface water run-off is collected in gardens for residents. The water element is necessary for the biodiversity but it is also a value in landscape. There is no recreational value of the water in Viikki, because the ditch is too small for example for swimming. The master plan is based on a finger-like structure with alternating buildings and green open spaces. Green spaces forms corridors for natural species to move. Ecological objectives have also been realised through projects related to gardens and green spaces: the range of vegetation used is large, there are several layers of vegetation, the variety of plants are selected based on the natural conditions of the place, the idea was to use domestic species as much as possible.

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Analysis of program/function ===

In the questionnaire for inhabitants held 2003, the inhabitants were worried about the lack of public services (such as public health care and banking services) and the inadequate public transport connections.

The services in the Viikki area has been improving during the past years: there is now also a shopping centre in the neighborhood and there are now several bus routes to central Helsinki. Cycle routes are also crossing the area. There are also two nurseries, a school, restaurants, and various facilities for hobbies, fitness and social activities in Viikki. Vast green environment close to the housing area is providing excellent possibilities for recreation.

=== Analysis of design/planning process ===

The important thing in this project was, that the ecology and sustainability has been with from the very beginning of the project on all different levels: in planning, in constructing and in using the city space, the buildings, the gardens. The whole lifecycle from construction to use was taken into consideration already while planning the area.

During the city planning processes, there were a lot of discussion about the ecology of land use and building. How to preserve the natural and cultural values of the area while constructing a new residential area in the neighbourhood? The environmental impact assessment lead to move the proposed built areas further away from the nature conservation area. The detailed plan was the result of the competition organised by the City of Helsinki and the Eco-Community Project held in 1994. The winnign proposal (Petri Laaksonen: 60o 15") was based on a finger-like structure, where the buildings are grouped so that every plot is directly linked to the green areas. The structure is compact and the buildings are directed optimally towards the south. Later on there was held also design competition for a residential block to find ecological solutions in building.

In the green environment there were two special features: stormwater management and the biodiversity of gardens:
An area-wide stromwater management plan was established in Eco-Viikki: in the green fingers of gardens, there is place for surface water to absorb, to filter and to direct to the Viikinoja ditch. Some rainwater is also collected to irrigate allotments.

Biodiversity of gardens was taken into consideration by trying to use several layers of plants with a lot of varieties. Edible plants were used and also places for allotments were planned into gardens.

=== Analysis of use/users ===

Good possibilities for recreation: a playground, a lot of free space, allotments, the nature reserve of the Vanhankaupunginlahti, a good network of recreation routes.

Users: all age groups, inhabitants of Viikki, people studying or working in the area, visitors.

The use of the public space in Viikki is mostly responsible and there are not much problems with vandalizm or littering compared to many other housing areas of Helsinki. The reason for that may be the ecological image of the area: people who want to move to Eco-Viikki are usually "close-to-nature" types.

=== Future development directions ===

The construction of the northern apartment blocks of Latokartano will continue until the year 2010. Public spaces of the whole Viikki-Latokartano will be completed by the year 2012. There is already a lot of monitoring made to get information how the project was succeeded in the long term.

=== Peer reviews or critique ===

A case study made from the architectural point of view.

http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/archi/programmes/cost8/case/holistic/finland-viikki.pdf

=== Points of success and limitations ===

The area has been monitored carefully during the past years and the project has been successful as a whole: for example functionality and ecological properties are at a good level with the technical solutions for construction of houses. Majority of the inhabitants are feeling that their homes are unique and of high quality. Renewable energy use and energy efficiency of buildings is of high level; especially the use of solar energy. Natural and renewable materials were used to minimize resource consumption. Soil removal was avoided in all projects and the fertile top layer of soil was often used on the plot or reused elsewhere in the suburb.

The point of success of the storm water management is the Viikinoja ditch on the green area located to eastern and southern sides of the housing area. The ditch is collecting the effectively surface water of the area. Viikinoja is natural looking: vegetation is improving the water quality and the biodiversity, but the ditch is also a value in the landscape.

On the other hand on solutions of ecology of gardens there are some limiting points. One thing which limits the mixture and the amount of plants in gardens and green areas and also the absorption of surface water is the soil, which is mostly clay. There are not much suitable plants to be planted to the clay soil in these northern conditions. Many fruit trees for example are not very hardy in clay and they also demand a lot of maintenance.

In the storm water management the situation could be better: clay is not a good basis for surface water to absorb to the ground. To make the absorption happen better and also evaporate, the space for surface water solutions should be larger than it is in Eco-Viikki. The other limiting point is that the area is flat, so the water is running slowly. That may cause problems for example during the spring time, when snow starts to melt, but the absorption is not possible and the ditches are covered with ice and snow.

=== What can be generalized from this case study? ===

The important thing in this project was, that the ecology and sustainability has been with from the very beginning of the project on all different levels: in planning of the city space, the buildings, the gardens.

The technical solutions concerning surface water management of the housing area would probably work a bit better on a different place: clay is difficult material for infiltration and flat area is not the most suitable for the stormwater management system.

=== Which research questions does it generate? ===

It would be interesting to compare the ecological housing area with a normal housing area: Is the area really more ecological than other typical housing areas and the reasons for that? It would be interesting to go on researching for example biodiversity of fauna. How the ecological solutions of gardens work together with the surrounding public parks in practice?

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Image Gallery ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:viikinoja.JPG|Viikinoja
Image:lp_viikkari.jpg|Viikkari
Image:Eko_viikki.jpg|Ecological housing area of Viikki
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
</gallery>

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== References ===

There is a lot of research and monitoring already made: there is a lot of material available from Eco-Viikki.

http://www.environment.fi/default.asp?contentid=127116&lan=en

http://www.energie-cites.eu/IMG/pdf/Sustainable_Districts_ADEME1_Eco-Viikki.pdf

http://www.hel.fi/static/ksv/julkaisut/eco-viikki_en.pdf

----
[[Category:Case Study]]
[[Category:Residential Environments]]
[[Category:Urban ecology and Nature conservation]]
[[Category:Finland]]
[[Category:Helsinki]]
[[Category:Working Group Nature Conservation]]

About categories: You can add more categories by copying the tag and filling in your additional categories

File:Eko viikki.jpg

2009-02-20T15:21:03Z

Vertainenv: An ecological housing area of Viikki in Helsinki

An ecological housing area of Viikki in Helsinki

Viikki

2009-01-28T17:07:15Z

Vertainenv: /* Spatial analysis of area/project/plan */

'''An ecological housing area of Viikki in Helsinki'''
{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''An Ecological Housing Area of Viikki''
|-
| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Helsinki''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Finland''
|-
| '''Topic''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Residential Environments, Urban Ecology''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Virpi Vertainen''
|-
| '''Completion''' || style="background:Lavender"|''The year of completion 2004''
|-
| '''Client''' || style="background:Lavender"|''''
|-
| '''Project costs''' || style="background:Lavender"|''''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"| [[Image:Viikki_raportit_(Large).jpg|200px]]
|-
| colspan="3" align="right" style="background:silver"| <googlemap version="0.9" lat="60.191377" lon="24.99939" type="satellite" zoom="10" width="300" height="250">
60.22638, 25.01949
Viikki, Helsinki
</googlemap>
|}

=== Rationale: Why is this case study interesting? ===

Viikki is a district in the inner city area of Helsinki, near an extensive area of open farmland and wetland nature reserve of Vanhakaupunginlahti. It is situated 8 km to the Northeast of the centre of Helsinki. Viikki is a neighborhood of about 7 000 inhabitants. The population is still rising and the construction of apartment blocks for housing will continue until the year 2010. Public spaces will be completed by the year 2012.Viikki also hosts for example four faculties of the University of Helsinki. The Viikki Science Park is a centre for research, study and entrepreneurship focused on biology and biotechnology. In the middle of the Viikki district there are housing blocks, which are known as ecological housing area. The Eco-Viikki is home to some 1,800 residents. The building of the housing area of The Eco-Viikki began in the spring of 1998 and was completed in 2004.

Ecological housing area's establishment was linked with several programmes of ecologically sustainable development and experimental building among others. The main objective was to implement design and construction according to ecological building trends and gain experience for future projects. There was design competitions held to get ideas for the Master plan and to some of the ecological building blocks. During the planning and construction of Eco-Viikki exceptionally strict ecological criteria were set by the City of Helsinki as conditions for the housing construction companies.

The eco neighbourhood blocks are the result of long-term work aimed at putting ecological principles into practice. The master plan is based on a finger-like structure with alternating buildings and green open spaces. Ecological objectives have also been realised through projects related to municipal engineering and green spaces.

The Eco-Viikki project can serve as a useful example for ecologically sustainable construction projects in the future. The eco area is also a display window of Finnish know-how. There has a lot of monitoring made to evaluate the results of the ecological housing area project: the impacts of the project has been assessed through questionnaires and evaluations to see how well environmental objectives have been achieved. Also biodiversity of the area has been examined as well as the use of storm water.

=== Author's perspective ===

Focus of my case study is in ecological engineering solutions on public space and gardens for residents. Projects have involved for example uses for storm water, using clay to form roadbeds, landscaping of the Viikinoja Ditch and composting, allotments and collecting surface water run-off in gardens for residents.

=== Landscape and/or urban context===

The size of the ecological housing area is 24 hectares and there are around 800 apartments in there. The housing area is located next to the green area of Viikinoja valley, which is part of the green finger leading from Vanhakaupunginlahti to Kivikko. The green finger of Vanhakaupunginlahti-Kivikko is a green backbone of the whole Viikki area. There are housing blocks, university buildings, play area for children and good sport facilities in the suburb.

The eco area is marked to the Master plan as a housing area and it is densely built with green, finger-like garden system. Typical feature in the gardens of the eco area is, that there are allotments and a lot of edible plants, such as fruit trees and berry bushes used in there.

[[Image:viikki_1.jpg|thumb|300px]]
[[Image:viikki_2.jpg|thumb|300px]]

=== Cultural/social/political context===

The aims of sustainagle development was included in Finnish building legislation in 1990. Interest to develop environmentally friendly living environments raised and research programmes were initiated. The results of the reserach and development projects needed to be tested in practice. The Ministry of Environment and the Finnish Association of Architects created a project of the Eco-Community in 1993. In 1994 Viikki was selected as a pilot area, where the ecological principles of building will be tested in practice.

The eco area was planned to be as nature-preserving as possible. But the desire in project was not only ecological but also economical. Modern tehchnology is used to produce and to save energy. The need of vehicles is minimised: good public transportation, services produced locally, working is possible at home. The housing area is located near cultivated land and nature corricoor to remind of and to provide close connection to the nature.

In the survey for inhabitants of the eco area held 2003, the neighborhood was said to be classy and village-like. People appreciate the proximity of nature and want to protect the neighborhood against excessive construction. The garden plots were very popular among inhabitants. The people living in Eco-Viikki seem to be aware of the environmental issues and they are active: for example the survey for inhabitants was mailed to all households and the response rate was almost 70 per cent!

[http://www.hel.fi/wps/portal/Kaupunkisuunnitteluvirasto/Artikkeli?WCM_GLOBAL_CONTEXT=/Ksv/fi/Ajankohtaiset+suunnitelmat/Projektialueet/Viikki+-+Kivikko/Latokartano/Viikki-Kivikko_latokartano_ekokorttelit]

=== History ===

Viikki used to be open farmland area surrounded by forests before it was planned to be a residential area. The construction of the Eco-Viikki begin with the planning process in 1998. The ecological housing area was completed in 2004.

=== Spatial analysis of area/project/plan===

The eco area was planned to be densely built housing area with clear, finger-like green structure. In the process it was important to apply in the principles of ecological housing and sustainable development.

[http://www.hel.fi/wps/portal/Kaupunkisuunnitteluvirasto/Artikkeli?WCM_GLOBAL_CONTEXT=/Ksv/fi/Ajankohtaiset+suunnitelmat/Projektialueet/Viikki+-+Kivikko/Viikki-Kivikko_havainnekuva]

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Core Questions Working Group Nature Conservation / Water ===
==== What is the role of user groups? ====

In the park area close to the residents there are good possibilities for playing: there is a playground and also a lot of free space to fly a kite, play football. There are also allotments available for growing vegetables on the neighboring park area. The green environment provides possibilities for recreation to all age groups. Most of the people using recreation areas are living in Viikki. Viikki area is a home especially for many young families. There might also be the user group of the people, who are studying or working in the area: the park is a place to take a break in the park having a picnic, taking a walk, jogging.

Viikki is located on the open farmland area of Viikki and close to the nature reserve of the Vanhankaupunginlahti. The closeness of the sea and nature gives values not only for the landscape but also for recreation: watching birds, fishing, canoeing etc. A good network of recreation routes exists on this larger green area. The nature reserve of Vanhakaupunginlahti invites not only the people living in the neighborhood but also the people from the whole Helsinki to visit the place and enjoy the nature values and the landscape.

The use of the public space in Viikki is mostly responsible and there are not much problems with vandalizm or littering.

==== What is the role of the city? ====

Viikki is located on the open farmland area of Viikki and close to the nature reserve of the Vanhankaupunginlahti. It is situated 8 km to the Northeast of the centre of Helsinki.

Viikki is at the moment a neighborhood of about 7 000 inhabitants. The population is still rising and the construction of apartment blocks for housing will continue until the year 2010. Viikki also hosts for example four faculties of the University of Helsinki.

The land-use is guided by the Master plan and the detailed plan. Valuable nature area of Vanhankaupunginlahti is recognized and labeled with the status of nature reserve area. There is no pressure of housing to spread to the green areas. There are a lot of people using green areas for recreation: on the nature reserve area they are guided to walk along the paths and routes and there are no visible signs of un-responsible use.

==== How do urban and natural structures interact? ====

The master plan is based on a finger-like structure with alternating buildings and green open spaces. Green spaces forms corridors for natural species to move. The edge is soft and green.

Ecological objectives have also been realised through projects related to gardens and green spaces: the range of vegetation used is large, there are several layers of vegetation, the variety of plants are selected based on the natural conditions of the place, the idea was to use domestic species as much as possible.

==== What is the role of water? ====

Project has involved uses for storm water. The surface water run-off is collected in gardens for residents. Collected water is used to water the allotments to ensure nutrients and water to be recycled. The rest of the water is running towards the Viikinoja ditch. Landscaping of the Viikinoja ditch is made from the ecological point of view: there is a lot of different kind of vegetation used and the ditch is curving naturally in the landscape. The ditch is profiled so, that the bed is looking nice even if there is not much water running, but it can also manage the flood caused by rainstorms or the melting water from snow.

The water element is necessary for the biodiversity but it is also a value in landscape. There is no recreational value of the water in Viikki, because the ditch is too small for example for swimming.

==== What is the evolution of the urban relation between humans and nature? ====

'''2004 from City of Helsinki?'''

Viikki is a district in the inner city area of Helsinki, near an extensive area of open farmland and wetland nature reserve of Vanhakaupunginlahti. It is situated 8 km to the Northeast of the centre of Helsinki. Viikki is a neighborhood of about 7 000 inhabitants. The eco neighbourhood blocks are the result of long-term work aimed at putting ecological principles into practice. The master plan is based on a finger-like structure with alternating buildings and green open spaces. There are a lot of people using green areas for recreation: on the nature reserve area they are guided to walk along the paths and routes and there are no visible signs of un-responsible use. Project has involved uses for storm water. The surface water run-off is collected in gardens for residents. The water element is necessary for the biodiversity but it is also a value in landscape. There is no recreational value of the water in Viikki, because the ditch is too small for example for swimming. The master plan is based on a finger-like structure with alternating buildings and green open spaces. Green spaces forms corridors for natural species to move. Ecological objectives have also been realised through projects related to gardens and green spaces: the range of vegetation used is large, there are several layers of vegetation, the variety of plants are selected based on the natural conditions of the place, the idea was to use domestic species as much as possible.

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Analysis of program/function ===

In the questionnaire for inhabitants held 2003, the inhabitants were worried about the lack of public services (such as public health care and banking services) and the inadequate public transport connections.

The services in the Viikki area has been improving during the past years: there is now also a shopping centre in the neighborhood and there are now several bus routes to central Helsinki. Cycle routes are also crossing the area. There are also two nurseries, a school, restaurants, and various facilities for hobbies, fitness and social activities in Viikki. Vast green environment close to the housing area is providing excellent possibilities for recreation.

=== Analysis of design/planning process ===

The important thing in this project was, that the ecology and sustainability has been with from the very beginning of the project on all different levels: in planning, in constructing and in using the city space, the buildings, the gardens. The whole lifecycle from construction to use was taken into consideration already while planning the area.

During the city planning processes, there were a lot of discussion about the ecology of land use and building. How to preserve the natural and cultural values of the area while constructing a new residential area in the neighbourhood? The environmental impact assessment lead to move the proposed built areas further away from the nature conservation area. The detailed plan was the result of the competition organised by the City of Helsinki and the Eco-Community Project held in 1994. The winnign proposal (Petri Laaksonen: 60o 15") was based on a finger-like structure, where the buildings are grouped so that every plot is directly linked to the green areas. The structure is compact and the buildings are directed optimally towards the south. Later on there was held also design competition for a residential block to find ecological solutions in building.

In the green environment there were two special features: stormwater management and the biodiversity of gardens:
An area-wide stromwater management plan was established in Eco-Viikki: in the green fingers of gardens, there is place for surface water to absorb, to filter and to direct to the Viikinoja ditch. Some rainwater is also collected to irrigate allotments.

Biodiversity of gardens was taken into consideration by trying to use several layers of plants with a lot of varieties. Edible plants were used and also places for allotments were planned into gardens.

=== Analysis of use/users ===

Good possibilities for recreation: a playground, a lot of free space, allotments, the nature reserve of the Vanhankaupunginlahti, a good network of recreation routes.

Users: all age groups, inhabitants of Viikki, people studying or working in the area, visitors.

The use of the public space in Viikki is mostly responsible and there are not much problems with vandalizm or littering compared to many other housing areas of Helsinki. The reason for that may be the ecological image of the area: people who want to move to Eco-Viikki are usually "close-to-nature" types.

=== Future development directions ===

The construction of the northern apartment blocks of Latokartano will continue until the year 2010. Public spaces of the whole Viikki-Latokartano will be completed by the year 2012. There is already a lot of monitoring made to get information how the project was succeeded in the long term.

=== Peer reviews or critique ===

A case study made from the architectural point of view.

http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/archi/programmes/cost8/case/holistic/finland-viikki.pdf

=== Points of success and limitations ===

The area has been monitored carefully during the past years and the project has been successful as a whole: for example functionality and ecological properties are at a good level with the technical solutions for construction of houses. Majority of the inhabitants are feeling that their homes are unique and of high quality. Renewable energy use and energy efficiency of buildings is of high level; especially the use of solar energy. Natural and renewable materials were used to minimize resource consumption. Soil removal was avoided in all projects and the fertile top layer of soil was often used on the plot or reused elsewhere in the suburb.

The point of success of the storm water management is the Viikinoja ditch on the green area located to eastern and southern sides of the housing area. The ditch is collecting the effectively surface water of the area. Viikinoja is natural looking: vegetation is improving the water quality and the biodiversity, but the ditch is also a value in the landscape.

On the other hand on solutions of ecology of gardens there are some limiting points. One thing which limits the mixture and the amount of plants in gardens and green areas and also the absorption of surface water is the soil, which is mostly clay. There are not much suitable plants to be planted to the clay soil in these northern conditions. Many fruit trees for example are not very hardy in clay and they also demand a lot of maintenance.

In the storm water management the situation could be better: clay is not a good basis for surface water to absorb to the ground. To make the absorption happen better and also evaporate, the space for surface water solutions should be larger than it is in Eco-Viikki. The other limiting point is that the area is flat, so the water is running slowly. That may cause problems for example during the spring time, when snow starts to melt, but the absorption is not possible and the ditches are covered with ice and snow.

=== What can be generalized from this case study? ===

The important thing in this project was, that the ecology and sustainability has been with from the very beginning of the project on all different levels: in planning of the city space, the buildings, the gardens.

The technical solutions concerning surface water management of the housing area would probably work a bit better on a different place: clay is difficult material for infiltration and flat area is not the most suitable for the stormwater management system.

=== Which research questions does it generate? ===

It would be interesting to compare the ecological housing area with a normal housing area: Is the area really more ecological than other typical housing areas and the reasons for that? It would be interesting to go on researching for example biodiversity of fauna. How the ecological solutions of gardens work together with the surrounding public parks in practice?

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Image Gallery ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:viikinoja.JPG|Viikinoja
Image:lp_viikkari.jpg|Viikkari
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
</gallery>

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== References ===

There is a lot of research and monitoring already made: there is a lot of material available from Eco-Viikki.

http://www.environment.fi/default.asp?contentid=127116&lan=en

http://www.energie-cites.eu/IMG/pdf/Sustainable_Districts_ADEME1_Eco-Viikki.pdf

http://www.hel.fi/static/ksv/julkaisut/eco-viikki_en.pdf

----
[[Category:Case Study]]
[[Category:Residential Environments]]
[[Category:Urban ecology and Nature conservation]]
[[Category:Finland]]
[[Category:Helsinki]]
[[Category:Working Group Nature Conservation]]

About categories: You can add more categories by copying the tag and filling in your additional categories

Viikki

2009-01-28T17:06:07Z

Vertainenv: /* Cultural/social/political context */

'''An ecological housing area of Viikki in Helsinki'''
{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''An Ecological Housing Area of Viikki''
|-
| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Helsinki''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Finland''
|-
| '''Topic''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Residential Environments, Urban Ecology''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Virpi Vertainen''
|-
| '''Completion''' || style="background:Lavender"|''The year of completion 2004''
|-
| '''Client''' || style="background:Lavender"|''''
|-
| '''Project costs''' || style="background:Lavender"|''''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"| [[Image:Viikki_raportit_(Large).jpg|200px]]
|-
| colspan="3" align="right" style="background:silver"| <googlemap version="0.9" lat="60.191377" lon="24.99939" type="satellite" zoom="10" width="300" height="250">
60.22638, 25.01949
Viikki, Helsinki
</googlemap>
|}

=== Rationale: Why is this case study interesting? ===

Viikki is a district in the inner city area of Helsinki, near an extensive area of open farmland and wetland nature reserve of Vanhakaupunginlahti. It is situated 8 km to the Northeast of the centre of Helsinki. Viikki is a neighborhood of about 7 000 inhabitants. The population is still rising and the construction of apartment blocks for housing will continue until the year 2010. Public spaces will be completed by the year 2012.Viikki also hosts for example four faculties of the University of Helsinki. The Viikki Science Park is a centre for research, study and entrepreneurship focused on biology and biotechnology. In the middle of the Viikki district there are housing blocks, which are known as ecological housing area. The Eco-Viikki is home to some 1,800 residents. The building of the housing area of The Eco-Viikki began in the spring of 1998 and was completed in 2004.

Ecological housing area's establishment was linked with several programmes of ecologically sustainable development and experimental building among others. The main objective was to implement design and construction according to ecological building trends and gain experience for future projects. There was design competitions held to get ideas for the Master plan and to some of the ecological building blocks. During the planning and construction of Eco-Viikki exceptionally strict ecological criteria were set by the City of Helsinki as conditions for the housing construction companies.

The eco neighbourhood blocks are the result of long-term work aimed at putting ecological principles into practice. The master plan is based on a finger-like structure with alternating buildings and green open spaces. Ecological objectives have also been realised through projects related to municipal engineering and green spaces.

The Eco-Viikki project can serve as a useful example for ecologically sustainable construction projects in the future. The eco area is also a display window of Finnish know-how. There has a lot of monitoring made to evaluate the results of the ecological housing area project: the impacts of the project has been assessed through questionnaires and evaluations to see how well environmental objectives have been achieved. Also biodiversity of the area has been examined as well as the use of storm water.

=== Author's perspective ===

Focus of my case study is in ecological engineering solutions on public space and gardens for residents. Projects have involved for example uses for storm water, using clay to form roadbeds, landscaping of the Viikinoja Ditch and composting, allotments and collecting surface water run-off in gardens for residents.

=== Landscape and/or urban context===

The size of the ecological housing area is 24 hectares and there are around 800 apartments in there. The housing area is located next to the green area of Viikinoja valley, which is part of the green finger leading from Vanhakaupunginlahti to Kivikko. The green finger of Vanhakaupunginlahti-Kivikko is a green backbone of the whole Viikki area. There are housing blocks, university buildings, play area for children and good sport facilities in the suburb.

The eco area is marked to the Master plan as a housing area and it is densely built with green, finger-like garden system. Typical feature in the gardens of the eco area is, that there are allotments and a lot of edible plants, such as fruit trees and berry bushes used in there.

[[Image:viikki_1.jpg|thumb|300px]]
[[Image:viikki_2.jpg|thumb|300px]]

=== Cultural/social/political context===

The aims of sustainagle development was included in Finnish building legislation in 1990. Interest to develop environmentally friendly living environments raised and research programmes were initiated. The results of the reserach and development projects needed to be tested in practice. The Ministry of Environment and the Finnish Association of Architects created a project of the Eco-Community in 1993. In 1994 Viikki was selected as a pilot area, where the ecological principles of building will be tested in practice.

The eco area was planned to be as nature-preserving as possible. But the desire in project was not only ecological but also economical. Modern tehchnology is used to produce and to save energy. The need of vehicles is minimised: good public transportation, services produced locally, working is possible at home. The housing area is located near cultivated land and nature corricoor to remind of and to provide close connection to the nature.

In the survey for inhabitants of the eco area held 2003, the neighborhood was said to be classy and village-like. People appreciate the proximity of nature and want to protect the neighborhood against excessive construction. The garden plots were very popular among inhabitants. The people living in Eco-Viikki seem to be aware of the environmental issues and they are active: for example the survey for inhabitants was mailed to all households and the response rate was almost 70 per cent!

[http://www.hel.fi/wps/portal/Kaupunkisuunnitteluvirasto/Artikkeli?WCM_GLOBAL_CONTEXT=/Ksv/fi/Ajankohtaiset+suunnitelmat/Projektialueet/Viikki+-+Kivikko/Latokartano/Viikki-Kivikko_latokartano_ekokorttelit]

=== History ===

Viikki used to be open farmland area surrounded by forests before it was planned to be a residential area. The construction of the Eco-Viikki begin with the planning process in 1998. The ecological housing area was completed in 2004.

=== Spatial analysis of area/project/plan===

The eco area was planned to be densely built housing area with clear, finger-like green structure. In the process it was important to apply in the principles of ecological housing and sustainable development.

[http://www.hel.fi/wps/portal/Kaupunkisuunnitteluvirasto/Artikkeli?WCM_GLOBAL_CONTEXT=/Ksv/fi/Ajankohtaiset+suunnitelmat/Projektialueet/Viikki+-+Kivikko/Viikki-Kivikko_havainnekuva]

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Core Questions Working Group Nature Conservation / Water ===
==== What is the role of user groups? ====

In the park area close to the residents there are good possibilities for playing: there is a playground and also a lot of free space to fly a kite, play football. There are also allotments available for growing vegetables on the neighboring park area. The green environment provides possibilities for recreation to all age groups. Most of the people using recreation areas are living in Viikki. Viikki area is a home especially for many young families. There might also be the user group of the people, who are studying or working in the area: the park is a place to take a break in the park having a picnic, taking a walk, jogging.

Viikki is located on the open farmland area of Viikki and close to the nature reserve of the Vanhankaupunginlahti. The closeness of the sea and nature gives values not only for the landscape but also for recreation: watching birds, fishing, canoeing etc. A good network of recreation routes exists on this larger green area. The nature reserve of Vanhakaupunginlahti invites not only the people living in the neighborhood but also the people from the whole Helsinki to visit the place and enjoy the nature values and the landscape.

The use of the public space in Viikki is mostly responsible and there are not much problems with vandalizm or littering.

==== What is the role of the city? ====

Viikki is located on the open farmland area of Viikki and close to the nature reserve of the Vanhankaupunginlahti. It is situated 8 km to the Northeast of the centre of Helsinki.

Viikki is at the moment a neighborhood of about 7 000 inhabitants. The population is still rising and the construction of apartment blocks for housing will continue until the year 2010. Viikki also hosts for example four faculties of the University of Helsinki.

The land-use is guided by the Master plan and the detailed plan. Valuable nature area of Vanhankaupunginlahti is recognized and labeled with the status of nature reserve area. There is no pressure of housing to spread to the green areas. There are a lot of people using green areas for recreation: on the nature reserve area they are guided to walk along the paths and routes and there are no visible signs of un-responsible use.

==== How do urban and natural structures interact? ====

The master plan is based on a finger-like structure with alternating buildings and green open spaces. Green spaces forms corridors for natural species to move. The edge is soft and green.

Ecological objectives have also been realised through projects related to gardens and green spaces: the range of vegetation used is large, there are several layers of vegetation, the variety of plants are selected based on the natural conditions of the place, the idea was to use domestic species as much as possible.

==== What is the role of water? ====

Project has involved uses for storm water. The surface water run-off is collected in gardens for residents. Collected water is used to water the allotments to ensure nutrients and water to be recycled. The rest of the water is running towards the Viikinoja ditch. Landscaping of the Viikinoja ditch is made from the ecological point of view: there is a lot of different kind of vegetation used and the ditch is curving naturally in the landscape. The ditch is profiled so, that the bed is looking nice even if there is not much water running, but it can also manage the flood caused by rainstorms or the melting water from snow.

The water element is necessary for the biodiversity but it is also a value in landscape. There is no recreational value of the water in Viikki, because the ditch is too small for example for swimming.

==== What is the evolution of the urban relation between humans and nature? ====

'''2004 from City of Helsinki?'''

Viikki is a district in the inner city area of Helsinki, near an extensive area of open farmland and wetland nature reserve of Vanhakaupunginlahti. It is situated 8 km to the Northeast of the centre of Helsinki. Viikki is a neighborhood of about 7 000 inhabitants. The eco neighbourhood blocks are the result of long-term work aimed at putting ecological principles into practice. The master plan is based on a finger-like structure with alternating buildings and green open spaces. There are a lot of people using green areas for recreation: on the nature reserve area they are guided to walk along the paths and routes and there are no visible signs of un-responsible use. Project has involved uses for storm water. The surface water run-off is collected in gardens for residents. The water element is necessary for the biodiversity but it is also a value in landscape. There is no recreational value of the water in Viikki, because the ditch is too small for example for swimming. The master plan is based on a finger-like structure with alternating buildings and green open spaces. Green spaces forms corridors for natural species to move. Ecological objectives have also been realised through projects related to gardens and green spaces: the range of vegetation used is large, there are several layers of vegetation, the variety of plants are selected based on the natural conditions of the place, the idea was to use domestic species as much as possible.

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Analysis of program/function ===

In the questionnaire for inhabitants held 2003, the inhabitants were worried about the lack of public services (such as public health care and banking services) and the inadequate public transport connections.

The services in the Viikki area has been improving during the past years: there is now also a shopping centre in the neighborhood and there are now several bus routes to central Helsinki. Cycle routes are also crossing the area. There are also two nurseries, a school, restaurants, and various facilities for hobbies, fitness and social activities in Viikki. Vast green environment close to the housing area is providing excellent possibilities for recreation.

=== Analysis of design/planning process ===

The important thing in this project was, that the ecology and sustainability has been with from the very beginning of the project on all different levels: in planning, in constructing and in using the city space, the buildings, the gardens. The whole lifecycle from construction to use was taken into consideration already while planning the area.

During the city planning processes, there were a lot of discussion about the ecology of land use and building. How to preserve the natural and cultural values of the area while constructing a new residential area in the neighbourhood? The environmental impact assessment lead to move the proposed built areas further away from the nature conservation area. The detailed plan was the result of the competition organised by the City of Helsinki and the Eco-Community Project held in 1994. The winnign proposal (Petri Laaksonen: 60o 15") was based on a finger-like structure, where the buildings are grouped so that every plot is directly linked to the green areas. The structure is compact and the buildings are directed optimally towards the south. Later on there was held also design competition for a residential block to find ecological solutions in building.

In the green environment there were two special features: stormwater management and the biodiversity of gardens:
An area-wide stromwater management plan was established in Eco-Viikki: in the green fingers of gardens, there is place for surface water to absorb, to filter and to direct to the Viikinoja ditch. Some rainwater is also collected to irrigate allotments.

Biodiversity of gardens was taken into consideration by trying to use several layers of plants with a lot of varieties. Edible plants were used and also places for allotments were planned into gardens.

=== Analysis of use/users ===

Good possibilities for recreation: a playground, a lot of free space, allotments, the nature reserve of the Vanhankaupunginlahti, a good network of recreation routes.

Users: all age groups, inhabitants of Viikki, people studying or working in the area, visitors.

The use of the public space in Viikki is mostly responsible and there are not much problems with vandalizm or littering compared to many other housing areas of Helsinki. The reason for that may be the ecological image of the area: people who want to move to Eco-Viikki are usually "close-to-nature" types.

=== Future development directions ===

The construction of the northern apartment blocks of Latokartano will continue until the year 2010. Public spaces of the whole Viikki-Latokartano will be completed by the year 2012. There is already a lot of monitoring made to get information how the project was succeeded in the long term.

=== Peer reviews or critique ===

A case study made from the architectural point of view.

http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/archi/programmes/cost8/case/holistic/finland-viikki.pdf

=== Points of success and limitations ===

The area has been monitored carefully during the past years and the project has been successful as a whole: for example functionality and ecological properties are at a good level with the technical solutions for construction of houses. Majority of the inhabitants are feeling that their homes are unique and of high quality. Renewable energy use and energy efficiency of buildings is of high level; especially the use of solar energy. Natural and renewable materials were used to minimize resource consumption. Soil removal was avoided in all projects and the fertile top layer of soil was often used on the plot or reused elsewhere in the suburb.

The point of success of the storm water management is the Viikinoja ditch on the green area located to eastern and southern sides of the housing area. The ditch is collecting the effectively surface water of the area. Viikinoja is natural looking: vegetation is improving the water quality and the biodiversity, but the ditch is also a value in the landscape.

On the other hand on solutions of ecology of gardens there are some limiting points. One thing which limits the mixture and the amount of plants in gardens and green areas and also the absorption of surface water is the soil, which is mostly clay. There are not much suitable plants to be planted to the clay soil in these northern conditions. Many fruit trees for example are not very hardy in clay and they also demand a lot of maintenance.

In the storm water management the situation could be better: clay is not a good basis for surface water to absorb to the ground. To make the absorption happen better and also evaporate, the space for surface water solutions should be larger than it is in Eco-Viikki. The other limiting point is that the area is flat, so the water is running slowly. That may cause problems for example during the spring time, when snow starts to melt, but the absorption is not possible and the ditches are covered with ice and snow.

=== What can be generalized from this case study? ===

The important thing in this project was, that the ecology and sustainability has been with from the very beginning of the project on all different levels: in planning of the city space, the buildings, the gardens.

The technical solutions concerning surface water management of the housing area would probably work a bit better on a different place: clay is difficult material for infiltration and flat area is not the most suitable for the stormwater management system.

=== Which research questions does it generate? ===

It would be interesting to compare the ecological housing area with a normal housing area: Is the area really more ecological than other typical housing areas and the reasons for that? It would be interesting to go on researching for example biodiversity of fauna. How the ecological solutions of gardens work together with the surrounding public parks in practice?

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Image Gallery ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:viikinoja.JPG|Viikinoja
Image:lp_viikkari.jpg|Viikkari
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
</gallery>

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== References ===

There is a lot of research and monitoring already made: there is a lot of material available from Eco-Viikki.

http://www.environment.fi/default.asp?contentid=127116&lan=en

http://www.energie-cites.eu/IMG/pdf/Sustainable_Districts_ADEME1_Eco-Viikki.pdf

http://www.hel.fi/static/ksv/julkaisut/eco-viikki_en.pdf

----
[[Category:Case Study]]
[[Category:Residential Environments]]
[[Category:Urban ecology and Nature conservation]]
[[Category:Finland]]
[[Category:Helsinki]]
[[Category:Working Group Nature Conservation]]

About categories: You can add more categories by copying the tag and filling in your additional categories

Viikki

2009-01-28T17:00:07Z

Vertainenv: /* Spatial analysis of area/project/plan */

'''An ecological housing area of Viikki in Helsinki'''
{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''An Ecological Housing Area of Viikki''
|-
| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Helsinki''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Finland''
|-
| '''Topic''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Residential Environments, Urban Ecology''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Virpi Vertainen''
|-
| '''Completion''' || style="background:Lavender"|''The year of completion 2004''
|-
| '''Client''' || style="background:Lavender"|''''
|-
| '''Project costs''' || style="background:Lavender"|''''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"| [[Image:Viikki_raportit_(Large).jpg|200px]]
|-
| colspan="3" align="right" style="background:silver"| <googlemap version="0.9" lat="60.191377" lon="24.99939" type="satellite" zoom="10" width="300" height="250">
60.22638, 25.01949
Viikki, Helsinki
</googlemap>
|}

=== Rationale: Why is this case study interesting? ===

Viikki is a district in the inner city area of Helsinki, near an extensive area of open farmland and wetland nature reserve of Vanhakaupunginlahti. It is situated 8 km to the Northeast of the centre of Helsinki. Viikki is a neighborhood of about 7 000 inhabitants. The population is still rising and the construction of apartment blocks for housing will continue until the year 2010. Public spaces will be completed by the year 2012.Viikki also hosts for example four faculties of the University of Helsinki. The Viikki Science Park is a centre for research, study and entrepreneurship focused on biology and biotechnology. In the middle of the Viikki district there are housing blocks, which are known as ecological housing area. The Eco-Viikki is home to some 1,800 residents. The building of the housing area of The Eco-Viikki began in the spring of 1998 and was completed in 2004.

Ecological housing area's establishment was linked with several programmes of ecologically sustainable development and experimental building among others. The main objective was to implement design and construction according to ecological building trends and gain experience for future projects. There was design competitions held to get ideas for the Master plan and to some of the ecological building blocks. During the planning and construction of Eco-Viikki exceptionally strict ecological criteria were set by the City of Helsinki as conditions for the housing construction companies.

The eco neighbourhood blocks are the result of long-term work aimed at putting ecological principles into practice. The master plan is based on a finger-like structure with alternating buildings and green open spaces. Ecological objectives have also been realised through projects related to municipal engineering and green spaces.

The Eco-Viikki project can serve as a useful example for ecologically sustainable construction projects in the future. The eco area is also a display window of Finnish know-how. There has a lot of monitoring made to evaluate the results of the ecological housing area project: the impacts of the project has been assessed through questionnaires and evaluations to see how well environmental objectives have been achieved. Also biodiversity of the area has been examined as well as the use of storm water.

=== Author's perspective ===

Focus of my case study is in ecological engineering solutions on public space and gardens for residents. Projects have involved for example uses for storm water, using clay to form roadbeds, landscaping of the Viikinoja Ditch and composting, allotments and collecting surface water run-off in gardens for residents.

=== Landscape and/or urban context===

The size of the ecological housing area is 24 hectares and there are around 800 apartments in there. The housing area is located next to the green area of Viikinoja valley, which is part of the green finger leading from Vanhakaupunginlahti to Kivikko. The green finger of Vanhakaupunginlahti-Kivikko is a green backbone of the whole Viikki area. There are housing blocks, university buildings, play area for children and good sport facilities in the suburb.

The eco area is marked to the Master plan as a housing area and it is densely built with green, finger-like garden system. Typical feature in the gardens of the eco area is, that there are allotments and a lot of edible plants, such as fruit trees and berry bushes used in there.

[[Image:viikki_1.jpg|thumb|300px]]
[[Image:viikki_2.jpg|thumb|300px]]

=== Cultural/social/political context===

The aims of sustainagle development was included in Finnish building legislation in 1990. Interest to develop environmentally friendly living environments raised and research programmes were initiated. The results of the reserach and development projects needed to be tested in practice. The Ministry of Environment and the Finnish Association of Architects created a project of the Eco-Community in 1993. In 1994 Viikki was selected as a pilot area, where the ecological principles of building will be tested in practice.

The eco area was planned to be as nature-preserving as possible. But the desire in project was not only ecological but also economical. Modern tehchnology is used to produce and to save energy. The need of vehicles is minimised: good public transportation, services produced locally, working is possible at home. The housing area is located near cultivated land and nature corricoor to remind of and to provide close connection to the nature.

In the survey for inhabitants of the eco area held 2003, the neighborhood was said to be classy and village-like. People appreciate the proximity of nature and want to protect the neighborhood against excessive construction. The garden plots were very popular among inhabitants. The people living in Eco-Viikki seem to be aware of the environmental issues and they are active: for example the survey for inhabitants was mailed to all households and the response rate was almost 70 per cent!

=== History ===

Viikki used to be open farmland area surrounded by forests before it was planned to be a residential area. The construction of the Eco-Viikki begin with the planning process in 1998. The ecological housing area was completed in 2004.

=== Spatial analysis of area/project/plan===

The eco area was planned to be densely built housing area with clear, finger-like green structure. In the process it was important to apply in the principles of ecological housing and sustainable development.

[http://www.hel.fi/wps/portal/Kaupunkisuunnitteluvirasto/Artikkeli?WCM_GLOBAL_CONTEXT=/Ksv/fi/Ajankohtaiset+suunnitelmat/Projektialueet/Viikki+-+Kivikko/Viikki-Kivikko_havainnekuva]

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Core Questions Working Group Nature Conservation / Water ===
==== What is the role of user groups? ====

In the park area close to the residents there are good possibilities for playing: there is a playground and also a lot of free space to fly a kite, play football. There are also allotments available for growing vegetables on the neighboring park area. The green environment provides possibilities for recreation to all age groups. Most of the people using recreation areas are living in Viikki. Viikki area is a home especially for many young families. There might also be the user group of the people, who are studying or working in the area: the park is a place to take a break in the park having a picnic, taking a walk, jogging.

Viikki is located on the open farmland area of Viikki and close to the nature reserve of the Vanhankaupunginlahti. The closeness of the sea and nature gives values not only for the landscape but also for recreation: watching birds, fishing, canoeing etc. A good network of recreation routes exists on this larger green area. The nature reserve of Vanhakaupunginlahti invites not only the people living in the neighborhood but also the people from the whole Helsinki to visit the place and enjoy the nature values and the landscape.

The use of the public space in Viikki is mostly responsible and there are not much problems with vandalizm or littering.

==== What is the role of the city? ====

Viikki is located on the open farmland area of Viikki and close to the nature reserve of the Vanhankaupunginlahti. It is situated 8 km to the Northeast of the centre of Helsinki.

Viikki is at the moment a neighborhood of about 7 000 inhabitants. The population is still rising and the construction of apartment blocks for housing will continue until the year 2010. Viikki also hosts for example four faculties of the University of Helsinki.

The land-use is guided by the Master plan and the detailed plan. Valuable nature area of Vanhankaupunginlahti is recognized and labeled with the status of nature reserve area. There is no pressure of housing to spread to the green areas. There are a lot of people using green areas for recreation: on the nature reserve area they are guided to walk along the paths and routes and there are no visible signs of un-responsible use.

==== How do urban and natural structures interact? ====

The master plan is based on a finger-like structure with alternating buildings and green open spaces. Green spaces forms corridors for natural species to move. The edge is soft and green.

Ecological objectives have also been realised through projects related to gardens and green spaces: the range of vegetation used is large, there are several layers of vegetation, the variety of plants are selected based on the natural conditions of the place, the idea was to use domestic species as much as possible.

==== What is the role of water? ====

Project has involved uses for storm water. The surface water run-off is collected in gardens for residents. Collected water is used to water the allotments to ensure nutrients and water to be recycled. The rest of the water is running towards the Viikinoja ditch. Landscaping of the Viikinoja ditch is made from the ecological point of view: there is a lot of different kind of vegetation used and the ditch is curving naturally in the landscape. The ditch is profiled so, that the bed is looking nice even if there is not much water running, but it can also manage the flood caused by rainstorms or the melting water from snow.

The water element is necessary for the biodiversity but it is also a value in landscape. There is no recreational value of the water in Viikki, because the ditch is too small for example for swimming.

==== What is the evolution of the urban relation between humans and nature? ====

'''2004 from City of Helsinki?'''

Viikki is a district in the inner city area of Helsinki, near an extensive area of open farmland and wetland nature reserve of Vanhakaupunginlahti. It is situated 8 km to the Northeast of the centre of Helsinki. Viikki is a neighborhood of about 7 000 inhabitants. The eco neighbourhood blocks are the result of long-term work aimed at putting ecological principles into practice. The master plan is based on a finger-like structure with alternating buildings and green open spaces. There are a lot of people using green areas for recreation: on the nature reserve area they are guided to walk along the paths and routes and there are no visible signs of un-responsible use. Project has involved uses for storm water. The surface water run-off is collected in gardens for residents. The water element is necessary for the biodiversity but it is also a value in landscape. There is no recreational value of the water in Viikki, because the ditch is too small for example for swimming. The master plan is based on a finger-like structure with alternating buildings and green open spaces. Green spaces forms corridors for natural species to move. Ecological objectives have also been realised through projects related to gardens and green spaces: the range of vegetation used is large, there are several layers of vegetation, the variety of plants are selected based on the natural conditions of the place, the idea was to use domestic species as much as possible.

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Analysis of program/function ===

In the questionnaire for inhabitants held 2003, the inhabitants were worried about the lack of public services (such as public health care and banking services) and the inadequate public transport connections.

The services in the Viikki area has been improving during the past years: there is now also a shopping centre in the neighborhood and there are now several bus routes to central Helsinki. Cycle routes are also crossing the area. There are also two nurseries, a school, restaurants, and various facilities for hobbies, fitness and social activities in Viikki. Vast green environment close to the housing area is providing excellent possibilities for recreation.

=== Analysis of design/planning process ===

The important thing in this project was, that the ecology and sustainability has been with from the very beginning of the project on all different levels: in planning, in constructing and in using the city space, the buildings, the gardens. The whole lifecycle from construction to use was taken into consideration already while planning the area.

During the city planning processes, there were a lot of discussion about the ecology of land use and building. How to preserve the natural and cultural values of the area while constructing a new residential area in the neighbourhood? The environmental impact assessment lead to move the proposed built areas further away from the nature conservation area. The detailed plan was the result of the competition organised by the City of Helsinki and the Eco-Community Project held in 1994. The winnign proposal (Petri Laaksonen: 60o 15") was based on a finger-like structure, where the buildings are grouped so that every plot is directly linked to the green areas. The structure is compact and the buildings are directed optimally towards the south. Later on there was held also design competition for a residential block to find ecological solutions in building.

In the green environment there were two special features: stormwater management and the biodiversity of gardens:
An area-wide stromwater management plan was established in Eco-Viikki: in the green fingers of gardens, there is place for surface water to absorb, to filter and to direct to the Viikinoja ditch. Some rainwater is also collected to irrigate allotments.

Biodiversity of gardens was taken into consideration by trying to use several layers of plants with a lot of varieties. Edible plants were used and also places for allotments were planned into gardens.

=== Analysis of use/users ===

Good possibilities for recreation: a playground, a lot of free space, allotments, the nature reserve of the Vanhankaupunginlahti, a good network of recreation routes.

Users: all age groups, inhabitants of Viikki, people studying or working in the area, visitors.

The use of the public space in Viikki is mostly responsible and there are not much problems with vandalizm or littering compared to many other housing areas of Helsinki. The reason for that may be the ecological image of the area: people who want to move to Eco-Viikki are usually "close-to-nature" types.

=== Future development directions ===

The construction of the northern apartment blocks of Latokartano will continue until the year 2010. Public spaces of the whole Viikki-Latokartano will be completed by the year 2012. There is already a lot of monitoring made to get information how the project was succeeded in the long term.

=== Peer reviews or critique ===

A case study made from the architectural point of view.

http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/archi/programmes/cost8/case/holistic/finland-viikki.pdf

=== Points of success and limitations ===

The area has been monitored carefully during the past years and the project has been successful as a whole: for example functionality and ecological properties are at a good level with the technical solutions for construction of houses. Majority of the inhabitants are feeling that their homes are unique and of high quality. Renewable energy use and energy efficiency of buildings is of high level; especially the use of solar energy. Natural and renewable materials were used to minimize resource consumption. Soil removal was avoided in all projects and the fertile top layer of soil was often used on the plot or reused elsewhere in the suburb.

The point of success of the storm water management is the Viikinoja ditch on the green area located to eastern and southern sides of the housing area. The ditch is collecting the effectively surface water of the area. Viikinoja is natural looking: vegetation is improving the water quality and the biodiversity, but the ditch is also a value in the landscape.

On the other hand on solutions of ecology of gardens there are some limiting points. One thing which limits the mixture and the amount of plants in gardens and green areas and also the absorption of surface water is the soil, which is mostly clay. There are not much suitable plants to be planted to the clay soil in these northern conditions. Many fruit trees for example are not very hardy in clay and they also demand a lot of maintenance.

In the storm water management the situation could be better: clay is not a good basis for surface water to absorb to the ground. To make the absorption happen better and also evaporate, the space for surface water solutions should be larger than it is in Eco-Viikki. The other limiting point is that the area is flat, so the water is running slowly. That may cause problems for example during the spring time, when snow starts to melt, but the absorption is not possible and the ditches are covered with ice and snow.

=== What can be generalized from this case study? ===

The important thing in this project was, that the ecology and sustainability has been with from the very beginning of the project on all different levels: in planning of the city space, the buildings, the gardens.

The technical solutions concerning surface water management of the housing area would probably work a bit better on a different place: clay is difficult material for infiltration and flat area is not the most suitable for the stormwater management system.

=== Which research questions does it generate? ===

It would be interesting to compare the ecological housing area with a normal housing area: Is the area really more ecological than other typical housing areas and the reasons for that? It would be interesting to go on researching for example biodiversity of fauna. How the ecological solutions of gardens work together with the surrounding public parks in practice?

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Image Gallery ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:viikinoja.JPG|Viikinoja
Image:lp_viikkari.jpg|Viikkari
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
</gallery>

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== References ===

There is a lot of research and monitoring already made: there is a lot of material available from Eco-Viikki.

http://www.environment.fi/default.asp?contentid=127116&lan=en

http://www.energie-cites.eu/IMG/pdf/Sustainable_Districts_ADEME1_Eco-Viikki.pdf

http://www.hel.fi/static/ksv/julkaisut/eco-viikki_en.pdf

----
[[Category:Case Study]]
[[Category:Residential Environments]]
[[Category:Urban ecology and Nature conservation]]
[[Category:Finland]]
[[Category:Helsinki]]
[[Category:Working Group Nature Conservation]]

About categories: You can add more categories by copying the tag and filling in your additional categories

Viikki

2009-01-28T16:59:09Z

Vertainenv: /* Landscape and/or urban context */

'''An ecological housing area of Viikki in Helsinki'''
{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''An Ecological Housing Area of Viikki''
|-
| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Helsinki''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Finland''
|-
| '''Topic''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Residential Environments, Urban Ecology''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Virpi Vertainen''
|-
| '''Completion''' || style="background:Lavender"|''The year of completion 2004''
|-
| '''Client''' || style="background:Lavender"|''''
|-
| '''Project costs''' || style="background:Lavender"|''''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"| [[Image:Viikki_raportit_(Large).jpg|200px]]
|-
| colspan="3" align="right" style="background:silver"| <googlemap version="0.9" lat="60.191377" lon="24.99939" type="satellite" zoom="10" width="300" height="250">
60.22638, 25.01949
Viikki, Helsinki
</googlemap>
|}

=== Rationale: Why is this case study interesting? ===

Viikki is a district in the inner city area of Helsinki, near an extensive area of open farmland and wetland nature reserve of Vanhakaupunginlahti. It is situated 8 km to the Northeast of the centre of Helsinki. Viikki is a neighborhood of about 7 000 inhabitants. The population is still rising and the construction of apartment blocks for housing will continue until the year 2010. Public spaces will be completed by the year 2012.Viikki also hosts for example four faculties of the University of Helsinki. The Viikki Science Park is a centre for research, study and entrepreneurship focused on biology and biotechnology. In the middle of the Viikki district there are housing blocks, which are known as ecological housing area. The Eco-Viikki is home to some 1,800 residents. The building of the housing area of The Eco-Viikki began in the spring of 1998 and was completed in 2004.

Ecological housing area's establishment was linked with several programmes of ecologically sustainable development and experimental building among others. The main objective was to implement design and construction according to ecological building trends and gain experience for future projects. There was design competitions held to get ideas for the Master plan and to some of the ecological building blocks. During the planning and construction of Eco-Viikki exceptionally strict ecological criteria were set by the City of Helsinki as conditions for the housing construction companies.

The eco neighbourhood blocks are the result of long-term work aimed at putting ecological principles into practice. The master plan is based on a finger-like structure with alternating buildings and green open spaces. Ecological objectives have also been realised through projects related to municipal engineering and green spaces.

The Eco-Viikki project can serve as a useful example for ecologically sustainable construction projects in the future. The eco area is also a display window of Finnish know-how. There has a lot of monitoring made to evaluate the results of the ecological housing area project: the impacts of the project has been assessed through questionnaires and evaluations to see how well environmental objectives have been achieved. Also biodiversity of the area has been examined as well as the use of storm water.

=== Author's perspective ===

Focus of my case study is in ecological engineering solutions on public space and gardens for residents. Projects have involved for example uses for storm water, using clay to form roadbeds, landscaping of the Viikinoja Ditch and composting, allotments and collecting surface water run-off in gardens for residents.

=== Landscape and/or urban context===

The size of the ecological housing area is 24 hectares and there are around 800 apartments in there. The housing area is located next to the green area of Viikinoja valley, which is part of the green finger leading from Vanhakaupunginlahti to Kivikko. The green finger of Vanhakaupunginlahti-Kivikko is a green backbone of the whole Viikki area. There are housing blocks, university buildings, play area for children and good sport facilities in the suburb.

The eco area is marked to the Master plan as a housing area and it is densely built with green, finger-like garden system. Typical feature in the gardens of the eco area is, that there are allotments and a lot of edible plants, such as fruit trees and berry bushes used in there.

[[Image:viikki_1.jpg|thumb|300px]]
[[Image:viikki_2.jpg|thumb|300px]]

=== Cultural/social/political context===

The aims of sustainagle development was included in Finnish building legislation in 1990. Interest to develop environmentally friendly living environments raised and research programmes were initiated. The results of the reserach and development projects needed to be tested in practice. The Ministry of Environment and the Finnish Association of Architects created a project of the Eco-Community in 1993. In 1994 Viikki was selected as a pilot area, where the ecological principles of building will be tested in practice.

The eco area was planned to be as nature-preserving as possible. But the desire in project was not only ecological but also economical. Modern tehchnology is used to produce and to save energy. The need of vehicles is minimised: good public transportation, services produced locally, working is possible at home. The housing area is located near cultivated land and nature corricoor to remind of and to provide close connection to the nature.

In the survey for inhabitants of the eco area held 2003, the neighborhood was said to be classy and village-like. People appreciate the proximity of nature and want to protect the neighborhood against excessive construction. The garden plots were very popular among inhabitants. The people living in Eco-Viikki seem to be aware of the environmental issues and they are active: for example the survey for inhabitants was mailed to all households and the response rate was almost 70 per cent!

=== History ===

Viikki used to be open farmland area surrounded by forests before it was planned to be a residential area. The construction of the Eco-Viikki begin with the planning process in 1998. The ecological housing area was completed in 2004.

=== Spatial analysis of area/project/plan===

The eco area was planned to be densely built housing area with clear, finger-like green structure. In the process it was important to apply in the principles of ecological housing and sustainable development.

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Core Questions Working Group Nature Conservation / Water ===
==== What is the role of user groups? ====

In the park area close to the residents there are good possibilities for playing: there is a playground and also a lot of free space to fly a kite, play football. There are also allotments available for growing vegetables on the neighboring park area. The green environment provides possibilities for recreation to all age groups. Most of the people using recreation areas are living in Viikki. Viikki area is a home especially for many young families. There might also be the user group of the people, who are studying or working in the area: the park is a place to take a break in the park having a picnic, taking a walk, jogging.

Viikki is located on the open farmland area of Viikki and close to the nature reserve of the Vanhankaupunginlahti. The closeness of the sea and nature gives values not only for the landscape but also for recreation: watching birds, fishing, canoeing etc. A good network of recreation routes exists on this larger green area. The nature reserve of Vanhakaupunginlahti invites not only the people living in the neighborhood but also the people from the whole Helsinki to visit the place and enjoy the nature values and the landscape.

The use of the public space in Viikki is mostly responsible and there are not much problems with vandalizm or littering.

==== What is the role of the city? ====

Viikki is located on the open farmland area of Viikki and close to the nature reserve of the Vanhankaupunginlahti. It is situated 8 km to the Northeast of the centre of Helsinki.

Viikki is at the moment a neighborhood of about 7 000 inhabitants. The population is still rising and the construction of apartment blocks for housing will continue until the year 2010. Viikki also hosts for example four faculties of the University of Helsinki.

The land-use is guided by the Master plan and the detailed plan. Valuable nature area of Vanhankaupunginlahti is recognized and labeled with the status of nature reserve area. There is no pressure of housing to spread to the green areas. There are a lot of people using green areas for recreation: on the nature reserve area they are guided to walk along the paths and routes and there are no visible signs of un-responsible use.

==== How do urban and natural structures interact? ====

The master plan is based on a finger-like structure with alternating buildings and green open spaces. Green spaces forms corridors for natural species to move. The edge is soft and green.

Ecological objectives have also been realised through projects related to gardens and green spaces: the range of vegetation used is large, there are several layers of vegetation, the variety of plants are selected based on the natural conditions of the place, the idea was to use domestic species as much as possible.

==== What is the role of water? ====

Project has involved uses for storm water. The surface water run-off is collected in gardens for residents. Collected water is used to water the allotments to ensure nutrients and water to be recycled. The rest of the water is running towards the Viikinoja ditch. Landscaping of the Viikinoja ditch is made from the ecological point of view: there is a lot of different kind of vegetation used and the ditch is curving naturally in the landscape. The ditch is profiled so, that the bed is looking nice even if there is not much water running, but it can also manage the flood caused by rainstorms or the melting water from snow.

The water element is necessary for the biodiversity but it is also a value in landscape. There is no recreational value of the water in Viikki, because the ditch is too small for example for swimming.

==== What is the evolution of the urban relation between humans and nature? ====

'''2004 from City of Helsinki?'''

Viikki is a district in the inner city area of Helsinki, near an extensive area of open farmland and wetland nature reserve of Vanhakaupunginlahti. It is situated 8 km to the Northeast of the centre of Helsinki. Viikki is a neighborhood of about 7 000 inhabitants. The eco neighbourhood blocks are the result of long-term work aimed at putting ecological principles into practice. The master plan is based on a finger-like structure with alternating buildings and green open spaces. There are a lot of people using green areas for recreation: on the nature reserve area they are guided to walk along the paths and routes and there are no visible signs of un-responsible use. Project has involved uses for storm water. The surface water run-off is collected in gardens for residents. The water element is necessary for the biodiversity but it is also a value in landscape. There is no recreational value of the water in Viikki, because the ditch is too small for example for swimming. The master plan is based on a finger-like structure with alternating buildings and green open spaces. Green spaces forms corridors for natural species to move. Ecological objectives have also been realised through projects related to gardens and green spaces: the range of vegetation used is large, there are several layers of vegetation, the variety of plants are selected based on the natural conditions of the place, the idea was to use domestic species as much as possible.

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Analysis of program/function ===

In the questionnaire for inhabitants held 2003, the inhabitants were worried about the lack of public services (such as public health care and banking services) and the inadequate public transport connections.

The services in the Viikki area has been improving during the past years: there is now also a shopping centre in the neighborhood and there are now several bus routes to central Helsinki. Cycle routes are also crossing the area. There are also two nurseries, a school, restaurants, and various facilities for hobbies, fitness and social activities in Viikki. Vast green environment close to the housing area is providing excellent possibilities for recreation.

=== Analysis of design/planning process ===

The important thing in this project was, that the ecology and sustainability has been with from the very beginning of the project on all different levels: in planning, in constructing and in using the city space, the buildings, the gardens. The whole lifecycle from construction to use was taken into consideration already while planning the area.

During the city planning processes, there were a lot of discussion about the ecology of land use and building. How to preserve the natural and cultural values of the area while constructing a new residential area in the neighbourhood? The environmental impact assessment lead to move the proposed built areas further away from the nature conservation area. The detailed plan was the result of the competition organised by the City of Helsinki and the Eco-Community Project held in 1994. The winnign proposal (Petri Laaksonen: 60o 15") was based on a finger-like structure, where the buildings are grouped so that every plot is directly linked to the green areas. The structure is compact and the buildings are directed optimally towards the south. Later on there was held also design competition for a residential block to find ecological solutions in building.

In the green environment there were two special features: stormwater management and the biodiversity of gardens:
An area-wide stromwater management plan was established in Eco-Viikki: in the green fingers of gardens, there is place for surface water to absorb, to filter and to direct to the Viikinoja ditch. Some rainwater is also collected to irrigate allotments.

Biodiversity of gardens was taken into consideration by trying to use several layers of plants with a lot of varieties. Edible plants were used and also places for allotments were planned into gardens.

=== Analysis of use/users ===

Good possibilities for recreation: a playground, a lot of free space, allotments, the nature reserve of the Vanhankaupunginlahti, a good network of recreation routes.

Users: all age groups, inhabitants of Viikki, people studying or working in the area, visitors.

The use of the public space in Viikki is mostly responsible and there are not much problems with vandalizm or littering compared to many other housing areas of Helsinki. The reason for that may be the ecological image of the area: people who want to move to Eco-Viikki are usually "close-to-nature" types.

=== Future development directions ===

The construction of the northern apartment blocks of Latokartano will continue until the year 2010. Public spaces of the whole Viikki-Latokartano will be completed by the year 2012. There is already a lot of monitoring made to get information how the project was succeeded in the long term.

=== Peer reviews or critique ===

A case study made from the architectural point of view.

http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/archi/programmes/cost8/case/holistic/finland-viikki.pdf

=== Points of success and limitations ===

The area has been monitored carefully during the past years and the project has been successful as a whole: for example functionality and ecological properties are at a good level with the technical solutions for construction of houses. Majority of the inhabitants are feeling that their homes are unique and of high quality. Renewable energy use and energy efficiency of buildings is of high level; especially the use of solar energy. Natural and renewable materials were used to minimize resource consumption. Soil removal was avoided in all projects and the fertile top layer of soil was often used on the plot or reused elsewhere in the suburb.

The point of success of the storm water management is the Viikinoja ditch on the green area located to eastern and southern sides of the housing area. The ditch is collecting the effectively surface water of the area. Viikinoja is natural looking: vegetation is improving the water quality and the biodiversity, but the ditch is also a value in the landscape.

On the other hand on solutions of ecology of gardens there are some limiting points. One thing which limits the mixture and the amount of plants in gardens and green areas and also the absorption of surface water is the soil, which is mostly clay. There are not much suitable plants to be planted to the clay soil in these northern conditions. Many fruit trees for example are not very hardy in clay and they also demand a lot of maintenance.

In the storm water management the situation could be better: clay is not a good basis for surface water to absorb to the ground. To make the absorption happen better and also evaporate, the space for surface water solutions should be larger than it is in Eco-Viikki. The other limiting point is that the area is flat, so the water is running slowly. That may cause problems for example during the spring time, when snow starts to melt, but the absorption is not possible and the ditches are covered with ice and snow.

=== What can be generalized from this case study? ===

The important thing in this project was, that the ecology and sustainability has been with from the very beginning of the project on all different levels: in planning of the city space, the buildings, the gardens.

The technical solutions concerning surface water management of the housing area would probably work a bit better on a different place: clay is difficult material for infiltration and flat area is not the most suitable for the stormwater management system.

=== Which research questions does it generate? ===

It would be interesting to compare the ecological housing area with a normal housing area: Is the area really more ecological than other typical housing areas and the reasons for that? It would be interesting to go on researching for example biodiversity of fauna. How the ecological solutions of gardens work together with the surrounding public parks in practice?

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Image Gallery ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:viikinoja.JPG|Viikinoja
Image:lp_viikkari.jpg|Viikkari
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
</gallery>

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== References ===

There is a lot of research and monitoring already made: there is a lot of material available from Eco-Viikki.

http://www.environment.fi/default.asp?contentid=127116&lan=en

http://www.energie-cites.eu/IMG/pdf/Sustainable_Districts_ADEME1_Eco-Viikki.pdf

http://www.hel.fi/static/ksv/julkaisut/eco-viikki_en.pdf

----
[[Category:Case Study]]
[[Category:Residential Environments]]
[[Category:Urban ecology and Nature conservation]]
[[Category:Finland]]
[[Category:Helsinki]]
[[Category:Working Group Nature Conservation]]

About categories: You can add more categories by copying the tag and filling in your additional categories

Viikki

2009-01-28T16:57:52Z

Vertainenv: /* Landscape and/or urban context */

'''An ecological housing area of Viikki in Helsinki'''
{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''An Ecological Housing Area of Viikki''
|-
| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Helsinki''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Finland''
|-
| '''Topic''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Residential Environments, Urban Ecology''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Virpi Vertainen''
|-
| '''Completion''' || style="background:Lavender"|''The year of completion 2004''
|-
| '''Client''' || style="background:Lavender"|''''
|-
| '''Project costs''' || style="background:Lavender"|''''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"| [[Image:Viikki_raportit_(Large).jpg|200px]]
|-
| colspan="3" align="right" style="background:silver"| <googlemap version="0.9" lat="60.191377" lon="24.99939" type="satellite" zoom="10" width="300" height="250">
60.22638, 25.01949
Viikki, Helsinki
</googlemap>
|}

=== Rationale: Why is this case study interesting? ===

Viikki is a district in the inner city area of Helsinki, near an extensive area of open farmland and wetland nature reserve of Vanhakaupunginlahti. It is situated 8 km to the Northeast of the centre of Helsinki. Viikki is a neighborhood of about 7 000 inhabitants. The population is still rising and the construction of apartment blocks for housing will continue until the year 2010. Public spaces will be completed by the year 2012.Viikki also hosts for example four faculties of the University of Helsinki. The Viikki Science Park is a centre for research, study and entrepreneurship focused on biology and biotechnology. In the middle of the Viikki district there are housing blocks, which are known as ecological housing area. The Eco-Viikki is home to some 1,800 residents. The building of the housing area of The Eco-Viikki began in the spring of 1998 and was completed in 2004.

Ecological housing area's establishment was linked with several programmes of ecologically sustainable development and experimental building among others. The main objective was to implement design and construction according to ecological building trends and gain experience for future projects. There was design competitions held to get ideas for the Master plan and to some of the ecological building blocks. During the planning and construction of Eco-Viikki exceptionally strict ecological criteria were set by the City of Helsinki as conditions for the housing construction companies.

The eco neighbourhood blocks are the result of long-term work aimed at putting ecological principles into practice. The master plan is based on a finger-like structure with alternating buildings and green open spaces. Ecological objectives have also been realised through projects related to municipal engineering and green spaces.

The Eco-Viikki project can serve as a useful example for ecologically sustainable construction projects in the future. The eco area is also a display window of Finnish know-how. There has a lot of monitoring made to evaluate the results of the ecological housing area project: the impacts of the project has been assessed through questionnaires and evaluations to see how well environmental objectives have been achieved. Also biodiversity of the area has been examined as well as the use of storm water.

=== Author's perspective ===

Focus of my case study is in ecological engineering solutions on public space and gardens for residents. Projects have involved for example uses for storm water, using clay to form roadbeds, landscaping of the Viikinoja Ditch and composting, allotments and collecting surface water run-off in gardens for residents.

=== Landscape and/or urban context===

The size of the ecological housing area is 24 hectares and there are around 800 apartments in there. The housing area is located next to the green area of Viikinoja valley, which is part of the green finger leading from Vanhakaupunginlahti to Kivikko. The green finger of Vanhakaupunginlahti-Kivikko is a green backbone of the whole Viikki area. There are housing blocks, university buildings, play area for children and good sport facilities in the suburb.

The eco area is marked to the Master plan as a housing area and it is densely built with green, finger-like garden system. Typical feature in the gardens of the eco area is, that there are allotments and a lot of edible plants, such as fruit trees and berry bushes used in there.

[http://www.hel.fi/wps/portal/Kaupunkisuunnitteluvirasto/Artikkeli?WCM_GLOBAL_CONTEXT=/Ksv/fi/Ajankohtaiset+suunnitelmat/Projektialueet/Viikki+-+Kivikko/Viikki-Kivikko_havainnekuva]

[[Image:viikki_1.jpg|thumb|300px]]
[[Image:viikki_2.jpg|thumb|300px]]

=== Cultural/social/political context===

The aims of sustainagle development was included in Finnish building legislation in 1990. Interest to develop environmentally friendly living environments raised and research programmes were initiated. The results of the reserach and development projects needed to be tested in practice. The Ministry of Environment and the Finnish Association of Architects created a project of the Eco-Community in 1993. In 1994 Viikki was selected as a pilot area, where the ecological principles of building will be tested in practice.

The eco area was planned to be as nature-preserving as possible. But the desire in project was not only ecological but also economical. Modern tehchnology is used to produce and to save energy. The need of vehicles is minimised: good public transportation, services produced locally, working is possible at home. The housing area is located near cultivated land and nature corricoor to remind of and to provide close connection to the nature.

In the survey for inhabitants of the eco area held 2003, the neighborhood was said to be classy and village-like. People appreciate the proximity of nature and want to protect the neighborhood against excessive construction. The garden plots were very popular among inhabitants. The people living in Eco-Viikki seem to be aware of the environmental issues and they are active: for example the survey for inhabitants was mailed to all households and the response rate was almost 70 per cent!

=== History ===

Viikki used to be open farmland area surrounded by forests before it was planned to be a residential area. The construction of the Eco-Viikki begin with the planning process in 1998. The ecological housing area was completed in 2004.

=== Spatial analysis of area/project/plan===

The eco area was planned to be densely built housing area with clear, finger-like green structure. In the process it was important to apply in the principles of ecological housing and sustainable development.

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Core Questions Working Group Nature Conservation / Water ===
==== What is the role of user groups? ====

In the park area close to the residents there are good possibilities for playing: there is a playground and also a lot of free space to fly a kite, play football. There are also allotments available for growing vegetables on the neighboring park area. The green environment provides possibilities for recreation to all age groups. Most of the people using recreation areas are living in Viikki. Viikki area is a home especially for many young families. There might also be the user group of the people, who are studying or working in the area: the park is a place to take a break in the park having a picnic, taking a walk, jogging.

Viikki is located on the open farmland area of Viikki and close to the nature reserve of the Vanhankaupunginlahti. The closeness of the sea and nature gives values not only for the landscape but also for recreation: watching birds, fishing, canoeing etc. A good network of recreation routes exists on this larger green area. The nature reserve of Vanhakaupunginlahti invites not only the people living in the neighborhood but also the people from the whole Helsinki to visit the place and enjoy the nature values and the landscape.

The use of the public space in Viikki is mostly responsible and there are not much problems with vandalizm or littering.

==== What is the role of the city? ====

Viikki is located on the open farmland area of Viikki and close to the nature reserve of the Vanhankaupunginlahti. It is situated 8 km to the Northeast of the centre of Helsinki.

Viikki is at the moment a neighborhood of about 7 000 inhabitants. The population is still rising and the construction of apartment blocks for housing will continue until the year 2010. Viikki also hosts for example four faculties of the University of Helsinki.

The land-use is guided by the Master plan and the detailed plan. Valuable nature area of Vanhankaupunginlahti is recognized and labeled with the status of nature reserve area. There is no pressure of housing to spread to the green areas. There are a lot of people using green areas for recreation: on the nature reserve area they are guided to walk along the paths and routes and there are no visible signs of un-responsible use.

==== How do urban and natural structures interact? ====

The master plan is based on a finger-like structure with alternating buildings and green open spaces. Green spaces forms corridors for natural species to move. The edge is soft and green.

Ecological objectives have also been realised through projects related to gardens and green spaces: the range of vegetation used is large, there are several layers of vegetation, the variety of plants are selected based on the natural conditions of the place, the idea was to use domestic species as much as possible.

==== What is the role of water? ====

Project has involved uses for storm water. The surface water run-off is collected in gardens for residents. Collected water is used to water the allotments to ensure nutrients and water to be recycled. The rest of the water is running towards the Viikinoja ditch. Landscaping of the Viikinoja ditch is made from the ecological point of view: there is a lot of different kind of vegetation used and the ditch is curving naturally in the landscape. The ditch is profiled so, that the bed is looking nice even if there is not much water running, but it can also manage the flood caused by rainstorms or the melting water from snow.

The water element is necessary for the biodiversity but it is also a value in landscape. There is no recreational value of the water in Viikki, because the ditch is too small for example for swimming.

==== What is the evolution of the urban relation between humans and nature? ====

'''2004 from City of Helsinki?'''

Viikki is a district in the inner city area of Helsinki, near an extensive area of open farmland and wetland nature reserve of Vanhakaupunginlahti. It is situated 8 km to the Northeast of the centre of Helsinki. Viikki is a neighborhood of about 7 000 inhabitants. The eco neighbourhood blocks are the result of long-term work aimed at putting ecological principles into practice. The master plan is based on a finger-like structure with alternating buildings and green open spaces. There are a lot of people using green areas for recreation: on the nature reserve area they are guided to walk along the paths and routes and there are no visible signs of un-responsible use. Project has involved uses for storm water. The surface water run-off is collected in gardens for residents. The water element is necessary for the biodiversity but it is also a value in landscape. There is no recreational value of the water in Viikki, because the ditch is too small for example for swimming. The master plan is based on a finger-like structure with alternating buildings and green open spaces. Green spaces forms corridors for natural species to move. Ecological objectives have also been realised through projects related to gardens and green spaces: the range of vegetation used is large, there are several layers of vegetation, the variety of plants are selected based on the natural conditions of the place, the idea was to use domestic species as much as possible.

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Analysis of program/function ===

In the questionnaire for inhabitants held 2003, the inhabitants were worried about the lack of public services (such as public health care and banking services) and the inadequate public transport connections.

The services in the Viikki area has been improving during the past years: there is now also a shopping centre in the neighborhood and there are now several bus routes to central Helsinki. Cycle routes are also crossing the area. There are also two nurseries, a school, restaurants, and various facilities for hobbies, fitness and social activities in Viikki. Vast green environment close to the housing area is providing excellent possibilities for recreation.

=== Analysis of design/planning process ===

The important thing in this project was, that the ecology and sustainability has been with from the very beginning of the project on all different levels: in planning, in constructing and in using the city space, the buildings, the gardens. The whole lifecycle from construction to use was taken into consideration already while planning the area.

During the city planning processes, there were a lot of discussion about the ecology of land use and building. How to preserve the natural and cultural values of the area while constructing a new residential area in the neighbourhood? The environmental impact assessment lead to move the proposed built areas further away from the nature conservation area. The detailed plan was the result of the competition organised by the City of Helsinki and the Eco-Community Project held in 1994. The winnign proposal (Petri Laaksonen: 60o 15") was based on a finger-like structure, where the buildings are grouped so that every plot is directly linked to the green areas. The structure is compact and the buildings are directed optimally towards the south. Later on there was held also design competition for a residential block to find ecological solutions in building.

In the green environment there were two special features: stormwater management and the biodiversity of gardens:
An area-wide stromwater management plan was established in Eco-Viikki: in the green fingers of gardens, there is place for surface water to absorb, to filter and to direct to the Viikinoja ditch. Some rainwater is also collected to irrigate allotments.

Biodiversity of gardens was taken into consideration by trying to use several layers of plants with a lot of varieties. Edible plants were used and also places for allotments were planned into gardens.

=== Analysis of use/users ===

Good possibilities for recreation: a playground, a lot of free space, allotments, the nature reserve of the Vanhankaupunginlahti, a good network of recreation routes.

Users: all age groups, inhabitants of Viikki, people studying or working in the area, visitors.

The use of the public space in Viikki is mostly responsible and there are not much problems with vandalizm or littering compared to many other housing areas of Helsinki. The reason for that may be the ecological image of the area: people who want to move to Eco-Viikki are usually "close-to-nature" types.

=== Future development directions ===

The construction of the northern apartment blocks of Latokartano will continue until the year 2010. Public spaces of the whole Viikki-Latokartano will be completed by the year 2012. There is already a lot of monitoring made to get information how the project was succeeded in the long term.

=== Peer reviews or critique ===

A case study made from the architectural point of view.

http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/archi/programmes/cost8/case/holistic/finland-viikki.pdf

=== Points of success and limitations ===

The area has been monitored carefully during the past years and the project has been successful as a whole: for example functionality and ecological properties are at a good level with the technical solutions for construction of houses. Majority of the inhabitants are feeling that their homes are unique and of high quality. Renewable energy use and energy efficiency of buildings is of high level; especially the use of solar energy. Natural and renewable materials were used to minimize resource consumption. Soil removal was avoided in all projects and the fertile top layer of soil was often used on the plot or reused elsewhere in the suburb.

The point of success of the storm water management is the Viikinoja ditch on the green area located to eastern and southern sides of the housing area. The ditch is collecting the effectively surface water of the area. Viikinoja is natural looking: vegetation is improving the water quality and the biodiversity, but the ditch is also a value in the landscape.

On the other hand on solutions of ecology of gardens there are some limiting points. One thing which limits the mixture and the amount of plants in gardens and green areas and also the absorption of surface water is the soil, which is mostly clay. There are not much suitable plants to be planted to the clay soil in these northern conditions. Many fruit trees for example are not very hardy in clay and they also demand a lot of maintenance.

In the storm water management the situation could be better: clay is not a good basis for surface water to absorb to the ground. To make the absorption happen better and also evaporate, the space for surface water solutions should be larger than it is in Eco-Viikki. The other limiting point is that the area is flat, so the water is running slowly. That may cause problems for example during the spring time, when snow starts to melt, but the absorption is not possible and the ditches are covered with ice and snow.

=== What can be generalized from this case study? ===

The important thing in this project was, that the ecology and sustainability has been with from the very beginning of the project on all different levels: in planning of the city space, the buildings, the gardens.

The technical solutions concerning surface water management of the housing area would probably work a bit better on a different place: clay is difficult material for infiltration and flat area is not the most suitable for the stormwater management system.

=== Which research questions does it generate? ===

It would be interesting to compare the ecological housing area with a normal housing area: Is the area really more ecological than other typical housing areas and the reasons for that? It would be interesting to go on researching for example biodiversity of fauna. How the ecological solutions of gardens work together with the surrounding public parks in practice?

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Image Gallery ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:viikinoja.JPG|Viikinoja
Image:lp_viikkari.jpg|Viikkari
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
</gallery>

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== References ===

There is a lot of research and monitoring already made: there is a lot of material available from Eco-Viikki.

http://www.environment.fi/default.asp?contentid=127116&lan=en

http://www.energie-cites.eu/IMG/pdf/Sustainable_Districts_ADEME1_Eco-Viikki.pdf

http://www.hel.fi/static/ksv/julkaisut/eco-viikki_en.pdf

----
[[Category:Case Study]]
[[Category:Residential Environments]]
[[Category:Urban ecology and Nature conservation]]
[[Category:Finland]]
[[Category:Helsinki]]
[[Category:Working Group Nature Conservation]]

About categories: You can add more categories by copying the tag and filling in your additional categories

Viikki

2009-01-28T16:54:48Z

Vertainenv: /* Image Gallery */

'''An ecological housing area of Viikki in Helsinki'''
{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''An Ecological Housing Area of Viikki''
|-
| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Helsinki''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Finland''
|-
| '''Topic''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Residential Environments, Urban Ecology''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Virpi Vertainen''
|-
| '''Completion''' || style="background:Lavender"|''The year of completion 2004''
|-
| '''Client''' || style="background:Lavender"|''''
|-
| '''Project costs''' || style="background:Lavender"|''''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"| [[Image:Viikki_raportit_(Large).jpg|200px]]
|-
| colspan="3" align="right" style="background:silver"| <googlemap version="0.9" lat="60.191377" lon="24.99939" type="satellite" zoom="10" width="300" height="250">
60.22638, 25.01949
Viikki, Helsinki
</googlemap>
|}

=== Rationale: Why is this case study interesting? ===

Viikki is a district in the inner city area of Helsinki, near an extensive area of open farmland and wetland nature reserve of Vanhakaupunginlahti. It is situated 8 km to the Northeast of the centre of Helsinki. Viikki is a neighborhood of about 7 000 inhabitants. The population is still rising and the construction of apartment blocks for housing will continue until the year 2010. Public spaces will be completed by the year 2012.Viikki also hosts for example four faculties of the University of Helsinki. The Viikki Science Park is a centre for research, study and entrepreneurship focused on biology and biotechnology. In the middle of the Viikki district there are housing blocks, which are known as ecological housing area. The Eco-Viikki is home to some 1,800 residents. The building of the housing area of The Eco-Viikki began in the spring of 1998 and was completed in 2004.

Ecological housing area's establishment was linked with several programmes of ecologically sustainable development and experimental building among others. The main objective was to implement design and construction according to ecological building trends and gain experience for future projects. There was design competitions held to get ideas for the Master plan and to some of the ecological building blocks. During the planning and construction of Eco-Viikki exceptionally strict ecological criteria were set by the City of Helsinki as conditions for the housing construction companies.

The eco neighbourhood blocks are the result of long-term work aimed at putting ecological principles into practice. The master plan is based on a finger-like structure with alternating buildings and green open spaces. Ecological objectives have also been realised through projects related to municipal engineering and green spaces.

The Eco-Viikki project can serve as a useful example for ecologically sustainable construction projects in the future. The eco area is also a display window of Finnish know-how. There has a lot of monitoring made to evaluate the results of the ecological housing area project: the impacts of the project has been assessed through questionnaires and evaluations to see how well environmental objectives have been achieved. Also biodiversity of the area has been examined as well as the use of storm water.

=== Author's perspective ===

Focus of my case study is in ecological engineering solutions on public space and gardens for residents. Projects have involved for example uses for storm water, using clay to form roadbeds, landscaping of the Viikinoja Ditch and composting, allotments and collecting surface water run-off in gardens for residents.

=== Landscape and/or urban context===

The size of the ecological housing area is 24 hectares and there are around 800 apartments in there. The housing area is located next to the green area of Viikinoja valley, which is part of the green finger leading from Vanhakaupunginlahti to Kivikko. The green finger of Vanhakaupunginlahti-Kivikko is a green backbone of the whole Viikki area. There are housing blocks, university buildings, play area for children and good sport facilities in the suburb.

The eco area is marked to the Master plan as a housing area and it is densely built with green, finger-like garden system. Typical feature in the gardens of the eco area is, that there are allotments and a lot of edible plants, such as fruit trees and berry bushes used in there.

[[Image:viikki_1.jpg|thumb|300px]]
[[Image:viikki_2.jpg|thumb|300px]]

=== Cultural/social/political context===

The aims of sustainagle development was included in Finnish building legislation in 1990. Interest to develop environmentally friendly living environments raised and research programmes were initiated. The results of the reserach and development projects needed to be tested in practice. The Ministry of Environment and the Finnish Association of Architects created a project of the Eco-Community in 1993. In 1994 Viikki was selected as a pilot area, where the ecological principles of building will be tested in practice.

The eco area was planned to be as nature-preserving as possible. But the desire in project was not only ecological but also economical. Modern tehchnology is used to produce and to save energy. The need of vehicles is minimised: good public transportation, services produced locally, working is possible at home. The housing area is located near cultivated land and nature corricoor to remind of and to provide close connection to the nature.

In the survey for inhabitants of the eco area held 2003, the neighborhood was said to be classy and village-like. People appreciate the proximity of nature and want to protect the neighborhood against excessive construction. The garden plots were very popular among inhabitants. The people living in Eco-Viikki seem to be aware of the environmental issues and they are active: for example the survey for inhabitants was mailed to all households and the response rate was almost 70 per cent!

=== History ===

Viikki used to be open farmland area surrounded by forests before it was planned to be a residential area. The construction of the Eco-Viikki begin with the planning process in 1998. The ecological housing area was completed in 2004.

=== Spatial analysis of area/project/plan===

The eco area was planned to be densely built housing area with clear, finger-like green structure. In the process it was important to apply in the principles of ecological housing and sustainable development.

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Core Questions Working Group Nature Conservation / Water ===
==== What is the role of user groups? ====

In the park area close to the residents there are good possibilities for playing: there is a playground and also a lot of free space to fly a kite, play football. There are also allotments available for growing vegetables on the neighboring park area. The green environment provides possibilities for recreation to all age groups. Most of the people using recreation areas are living in Viikki. Viikki area is a home especially for many young families. There might also be the user group of the people, who are studying or working in the area: the park is a place to take a break in the park having a picnic, taking a walk, jogging.

Viikki is located on the open farmland area of Viikki and close to the nature reserve of the Vanhankaupunginlahti. The closeness of the sea and nature gives values not only for the landscape but also for recreation: watching birds, fishing, canoeing etc. A good network of recreation routes exists on this larger green area. The nature reserve of Vanhakaupunginlahti invites not only the people living in the neighborhood but also the people from the whole Helsinki to visit the place and enjoy the nature values and the landscape.

The use of the public space in Viikki is mostly responsible and there are not much problems with vandalizm or littering.

==== What is the role of the city? ====

Viikki is located on the open farmland area of Viikki and close to the nature reserve of the Vanhankaupunginlahti. It is situated 8 km to the Northeast of the centre of Helsinki.

Viikki is at the moment a neighborhood of about 7 000 inhabitants. The population is still rising and the construction of apartment blocks for housing will continue until the year 2010. Viikki also hosts for example four faculties of the University of Helsinki.

The land-use is guided by the Master plan and the detailed plan. Valuable nature area of Vanhankaupunginlahti is recognized and labeled with the status of nature reserve area. There is no pressure of housing to spread to the green areas. There are a lot of people using green areas for recreation: on the nature reserve area they are guided to walk along the paths and routes and there are no visible signs of un-responsible use.

==== How do urban and natural structures interact? ====

The master plan is based on a finger-like structure with alternating buildings and green open spaces. Green spaces forms corridors for natural species to move. The edge is soft and green.

Ecological objectives have also been realised through projects related to gardens and green spaces: the range of vegetation used is large, there are several layers of vegetation, the variety of plants are selected based on the natural conditions of the place, the idea was to use domestic species as much as possible.

==== What is the role of water? ====

Project has involved uses for storm water. The surface water run-off is collected in gardens for residents. Collected water is used to water the allotments to ensure nutrients and water to be recycled. The rest of the water is running towards the Viikinoja ditch. Landscaping of the Viikinoja ditch is made from the ecological point of view: there is a lot of different kind of vegetation used and the ditch is curving naturally in the landscape. The ditch is profiled so, that the bed is looking nice even if there is not much water running, but it can also manage the flood caused by rainstorms or the melting water from snow.

The water element is necessary for the biodiversity but it is also a value in landscape. There is no recreational value of the water in Viikki, because the ditch is too small for example for swimming.

==== What is the evolution of the urban relation between humans and nature? ====

'''2004 from City of Helsinki?'''

Viikki is a district in the inner city area of Helsinki, near an extensive area of open farmland and wetland nature reserve of Vanhakaupunginlahti. It is situated 8 km to the Northeast of the centre of Helsinki. Viikki is a neighborhood of about 7 000 inhabitants. The eco neighbourhood blocks are the result of long-term work aimed at putting ecological principles into practice. The master plan is based on a finger-like structure with alternating buildings and green open spaces. There are a lot of people using green areas for recreation: on the nature reserve area they are guided to walk along the paths and routes and there are no visible signs of un-responsible use. Project has involved uses for storm water. The surface water run-off is collected in gardens for residents. The water element is necessary for the biodiversity but it is also a value in landscape. There is no recreational value of the water in Viikki, because the ditch is too small for example for swimming. The master plan is based on a finger-like structure with alternating buildings and green open spaces. Green spaces forms corridors for natural species to move. Ecological objectives have also been realised through projects related to gardens and green spaces: the range of vegetation used is large, there are several layers of vegetation, the variety of plants are selected based on the natural conditions of the place, the idea was to use domestic species as much as possible.

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Analysis of program/function ===

In the questionnaire for inhabitants held 2003, the inhabitants were worried about the lack of public services (such as public health care and banking services) and the inadequate public transport connections.

The services in the Viikki area has been improving during the past years: there is now also a shopping centre in the neighborhood and there are now several bus routes to central Helsinki. Cycle routes are also crossing the area. There are also two nurseries, a school, restaurants, and various facilities for hobbies, fitness and social activities in Viikki. Vast green environment close to the housing area is providing excellent possibilities for recreation.

=== Analysis of design/planning process ===

The important thing in this project was, that the ecology and sustainability has been with from the very beginning of the project on all different levels: in planning, in constructing and in using the city space, the buildings, the gardens. The whole lifecycle from construction to use was taken into consideration already while planning the area.

During the city planning processes, there were a lot of discussion about the ecology of land use and building. How to preserve the natural and cultural values of the area while constructing a new residential area in the neighbourhood? The environmental impact assessment lead to move the proposed built areas further away from the nature conservation area. The detailed plan was the result of the competition organised by the City of Helsinki and the Eco-Community Project held in 1994. The winnign proposal (Petri Laaksonen: 60o 15") was based on a finger-like structure, where the buildings are grouped so that every plot is directly linked to the green areas. The structure is compact and the buildings are directed optimally towards the south. Later on there was held also design competition for a residential block to find ecological solutions in building.

In the green environment there were two special features: stormwater management and the biodiversity of gardens:
An area-wide stromwater management plan was established in Eco-Viikki: in the green fingers of gardens, there is place for surface water to absorb, to filter and to direct to the Viikinoja ditch. Some rainwater is also collected to irrigate allotments.

Biodiversity of gardens was taken into consideration by trying to use several layers of plants with a lot of varieties. Edible plants were used and also places for allotments were planned into gardens.

=== Analysis of use/users ===

Good possibilities for recreation: a playground, a lot of free space, allotments, the nature reserve of the Vanhankaupunginlahti, a good network of recreation routes.

Users: all age groups, inhabitants of Viikki, people studying or working in the area, visitors.

The use of the public space in Viikki is mostly responsible and there are not much problems with vandalizm or littering compared to many other housing areas of Helsinki. The reason for that may be the ecological image of the area: people who want to move to Eco-Viikki are usually "close-to-nature" types.

=== Future development directions ===

The construction of the northern apartment blocks of Latokartano will continue until the year 2010. Public spaces of the whole Viikki-Latokartano will be completed by the year 2012. There is already a lot of monitoring made to get information how the project was succeeded in the long term.

=== Peer reviews or critique ===

A case study made from the architectural point of view.

http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/archi/programmes/cost8/case/holistic/finland-viikki.pdf

=== Points of success and limitations ===

The area has been monitored carefully during the past years and the project has been successful as a whole: for example functionality and ecological properties are at a good level with the technical solutions for construction of houses. Majority of the inhabitants are feeling that their homes are unique and of high quality. Renewable energy use and energy efficiency of buildings is of high level; especially the use of solar energy. Natural and renewable materials were used to minimize resource consumption. Soil removal was avoided in all projects and the fertile top layer of soil was often used on the plot or reused elsewhere in the suburb.

The point of success of the storm water management is the Viikinoja ditch on the green area located to eastern and southern sides of the housing area. The ditch is collecting the effectively surface water of the area. Viikinoja is natural looking: vegetation is improving the water quality and the biodiversity, but the ditch is also a value in the landscape.

On the other hand on solutions of ecology of gardens there are some limiting points. One thing which limits the mixture and the amount of plants in gardens and green areas and also the absorption of surface water is the soil, which is mostly clay. There are not much suitable plants to be planted to the clay soil in these northern conditions. Many fruit trees for example are not very hardy in clay and they also demand a lot of maintenance.

In the storm water management the situation could be better: clay is not a good basis for surface water to absorb to the ground. To make the absorption happen better and also evaporate, the space for surface water solutions should be larger than it is in Eco-Viikki. The other limiting point is that the area is flat, so the water is running slowly. That may cause problems for example during the spring time, when snow starts to melt, but the absorption is not possible and the ditches are covered with ice and snow.

=== What can be generalized from this case study? ===

The important thing in this project was, that the ecology and sustainability has been with from the very beginning of the project on all different levels: in planning of the city space, the buildings, the gardens.

The technical solutions concerning surface water management of the housing area would probably work a bit better on a different place: clay is difficult material for infiltration and flat area is not the most suitable for the stormwater management system.

=== Which research questions does it generate? ===

It would be interesting to compare the ecological housing area with a normal housing area: Is the area really more ecological than other typical housing areas and the reasons for that? It would be interesting to go on researching for example biodiversity of fauna. How the ecological solutions of gardens work together with the surrounding public parks in practice?

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Image Gallery ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:viikinoja.JPG|Viikinoja
Image:lp_viikkari.jpg|Viikkari
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
</gallery>

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== References ===

There is a lot of research and monitoring already made: there is a lot of material available from Eco-Viikki.

http://www.environment.fi/default.asp?contentid=127116&lan=en

http://www.energie-cites.eu/IMG/pdf/Sustainable_Districts_ADEME1_Eco-Viikki.pdf

http://www.hel.fi/static/ksv/julkaisut/eco-viikki_en.pdf

----
[[Category:Case Study]]
[[Category:Residential Environments]]
[[Category:Urban ecology and Nature conservation]]
[[Category:Finland]]
[[Category:Helsinki]]
[[Category:Working Group Nature Conservation]]

About categories: You can add more categories by copying the tag and filling in your additional categories

File:Lp viikkari.jpg

2009-01-28T16:51:15Z

Vertainenv: The water from the roof is collected to create a small ditch

The water from the roof is collected to create a small ditch