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Green Infrastructure 2014 - Working Group K

2015-01-25T11:14:13Z

Stefanoficm: /* Assignment 2 - Lecture Concept Map */

--> Back to [[Working_Groups_Seminar_Green_Infrastructure_2014|working group overview]]

''Dear working group members. This is your group page and you will be completing the template gradually as we move through the seminar. Each member has an individual page for documenting his/her personal case. You can also access your template for assignment 4 (the joint design) from here. Good luck and enjoy your collaboration!
''

== Assignment 2 - Lecture Concept Map ==
*''The list with the group distribution shows you which lecture your group is supposed to document in the concept map format.''
*''Please add your collaborative concept map here by replacing the dummy image. Your map needs to have a new file name:''

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Green Structures_Concept map_Group K.jpg|''Green Structures by Nicole Pfoser''
</gallery>

== Assignment 3 - Green infrastructure potential in your environment ==

*'''Assigned: Tuesday, October 28'''
*'''Due: Monday, December 1'''

''There is one template page for each group member. The case could be a specific site in direct vicinity or a larger area in your region. The objective is to identify structures that have the potential to become elements of a green infrastructure strategy. ''

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group K - Case Study 1|Salman Shahr( Motelghoo), Mazandaran, Iran]] ===
=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Group K - Case Study 2|Mirijevo case study: Potentials for green infrastructure ]] ===
=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Group K - Case Study 3|Green Infrastructure of the Rural Settlement Tvrdošovce and its Surrounding Landscape]] ===
=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Group K - Case Study 4|Atunrase Estate, Gbagada, Lagos State, Nigeria]] ===

=== Presentation Slides Assignment 3 ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:GI_Assignment3_wgK_Page_1.jpg|WG K Presentation
Image:GI_Assignment3_wgK_Page_2.jpg|The GI Potential of Salman Shahr, Iran
Image:GI_Assignment3_wgK_Page_3.jpg|The GI Vision for Salman Shahr, Iran
Image:GI_Assignment3_wgK_Page_4.jpg|The GI Potential of Mirijevo, Serbia
Image:GI_Assignment3_wgK_Page_5.jpg|The GI Vision for Mirijevo, Serbia
Image:GI_Assignment3_wgK_Page_6.jpg|The GI Potential of Tvrdošovce, Slovakia
Image:GI_Assignment3_wgK_Page_7.jpg|The GI Vision for Tvrdošovce, Slovakia
Image:GI_Assignment3_wgK_Page_8.jpg|Comparative Analysis of GI Potentials
</gallery>

== Assignment 4 - Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design ==

*'''Assigned: Tuesday, December 2'''
*'''Due: Tuesday, January 6'''

==='''[[Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group K|Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design for the Rural Settlement Tvrdošovce and its Surrounding Landscape]]'''===

=== Presentation Slides Collaborative Design ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:GI_yourgroupname_ass4_slide1.jpg|Analytical Drawings
Image:GI_yourgroupname_ass4_slide2.jpg|Projective Drawings
Image:GI_yourgroupname_ass4_slide3.jpg|Design Synthesis
</gallery>

----

[[Category: Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group]]

File:Green Structures Concept map Group K.jpg

2015-01-25T11:11:53Z

Stefanoficm:

Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group K

2015-01-25T11:01:33Z

Stefanoficm: /* Projective drawings */

---> back to group page [[Green Infrastructure 2014 - Working Group K|working group K]]

'''''Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design for the Rural Settlement Tvrdošovce and its Surrounding Landscape'''''

authors ''(in alphabetical order)'': Kimia Kiani (KK) - Milena Stefanovic (MS) - Attila Toth (AT) - Fadera Williams (FW)

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Tvrdošovce Municipality''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Nitra Region / Danube Lowland''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Slovakia''
|-
| '''Authors (in alphabetical order)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Kimia Kiani - Milena Stefanovic - Attila Toth - Fadera Williams''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:SettlementLandscapeImage.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=48.094962
|lng=18.067343
|zoom=12
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and Urban Context of the Case Study ==
*'''''Biogeography and Overall Character'''
The geographical location and high quality arable land have predestined agriculture to become the main land use of the municipal territory of Tvrdošovce (Tardoskedd) since centuries. The soil fertility has an organic origin based on specific natural and water conditions formed by wetlands and marshlands, small watercourses and bodies of water within and around the rural settlement. The small intra-urban lakes stand for an ecological peculiarity and natural value of the site and they have become an integral component of the intra-urban area due to urban development. The small rural town is spatially and functionally linked with the surrounding agricultural landscape. The high soil fertility is one of the major potentials of the municipality and its future quality is determined by a sustainable water management in the landscape. The municipality of Tvrdošovce is located in the Danube Lowland, at an altitude of 112 to 125 metres above mean sea level. It lies on the main state road I/75. The total cadastral territory is 55.56 km2. Tvrdošovce borders on 6 municipalities - Vlčany, Selice, Jatov, Rastislavice, Šurany and Palárikovo.

''(AT 2012; Master Plan of Tvrdošovce Municipality 2006)''
*'''''Potential Natural Vegetation'''
The potential natural vegetation of the site is represented by ''Ash-Elm-Oak Forests in Catchment Areas of Major Rivers'' ("hard" floodplain forests) with the representation of following species: ''Ulmenion (Ulmus minor, Ulmus laevis, Quercus robur, Sambucus nigra, Allium ursinum, Anemone ranunculoides)''. The potential natural vegetation in the surrounding areas is represented by ''Willow-Poplar Forests in Floodplains of Large Rivers'' ("soft" floodplain forests) (Southwest) and ''Hygrophilous Lowland Peri-Pannonian Oak-Hornbeam Forests'' (Northeast).

''(AT 2012; Landscape Atlas of the Slovak Republic, 2002)''
*'''''Geology, Soil & Water'''
The geological bedrock consists of Neogene sedimentary basins comprised of gray and multicoloured clays, dust, sand, gravel, lignite layers, freshwater limestones and tuffs. The main geochemical rock types are sandstones and clay stones. The site belongs to the sub-region of fluvial deposits and aeolian sands on fluvial deposits. The whole area is located in the region of tectonic depressions. The Quaternary cover is predominantly alluvial humic loam or loamy-sandy to gravelly-sandy loam of floodplains. The basic relief type is represented by plains or softly undulating plains. The relief shape is characterized by loess plateaus. The area lies on the interface between two geomorphologic units - flatlands of the Danube River and hilly areas of the Nitra Region.

Nearly the entire municipal territory of Tvrdošovce is covered by the most fertile soil types of Slovakia - Mollic Fluvisols and Chernozems. The agricultural land has high humus content (2.3 %). There are also local Salt Marshes and Solonetzes of carbonate-fluvial and loess sediments. In terms moisture regime, the soils range from moderately dry to moderately moist with a neutral to slightly alkaline soil-reaction. In terms of granularity, there are non-skeletal loamy-sandy, sandy-loamy and loamy soils.

The most important hydro-geological collectors are clays, gravels and sands. The whole area belongs to the Váh River Basin. There are small watercourses (streams), mainly with a soil ameliorating (land draining) function, relatively low flow rates and an unsatisfactory quality of water. These anthropogenic micro-river-basins underwent vast water management adjustments. Only some small streams have an unadjusted bed. Most of the watercourses have a strong oxygen deficiency and a high level of eutrophication. North of the urban area, there is an irrigation water reservoir with an area of 1 ha used as a pond. The groundwater is stabilized at a depth of 2.9 to 3.5 m below the surface. There is a geothermal well at the south-eastern border of the urban area reaching a depth of 2,406 m and a temperature of 68 ° C to 71 ° C.

''(AT 2012; Master Plan of Tvrdošovce Municipality 2006; Landscape Atlas of the Slovak Republic, 2002)''
*'''''Climate, Temperature, Precipitation & Wind'''
The site is located in the hottest areas of Slovakia - the Danube Lowland. It belongs to the warm climate zone (warm and dry district with mild winter) and the lowland sub-zone of Slovak climate with prevailing oceanic influence.

The average annual air temperature ranges between 9 and 10 ° C. The average annual temperature of the active soil surface is higher than 12 ° C. The warmest month is July with an average air temperature of 19.7 ° C. The coldest month is January with an average air temperature of -2.1 ° C. There are on average 15 tropical days a year (days with a temperature above 30 ° C), 66 summer days (days with the highest air temperature ≥ 25 ° C) and 22 ice days (days with an air temperature of 0 ° C).

The mean annual rainfall is 541 mm - the highest rainfall is in June and July (58 mm). The maximum annual rainfall is 834 mm; the minimum annual rainfall is 308 mm. Snow cover lasts on average 37 days a year, the average maximum snow cover is 20 cm. Duration of the sunshine is approximately 2,200 hours per year. The average snow cover ranges between 6.2 and 16.8 cm. The average number of days with snow is 36, the maximum number of days with snow is 87 and the lowest number of days with snow is 3.

There is a prevailing north-westerly windflow, the overall wind conditions are mild, the average wind speed ranges from 2.6 to 4.6 metres per second.

''(AT 2012; Landscape Atlas of the Slovak Republic, 2002)
''
*'''''Current Land Use Structure'''
Arable land (43.92 km2 / 79 %); Built-up area (3.44 km2 / 6 %); Permanent grasslands (2.84 km2 / 5 %); Bodies of water (1.67 km2 / 3 %); Gardens (1.26 km2 / 2 %); Orchards (0.83 km2 / 2 %); Vineyards (0.62 km2 / 1 %); Forests and Woods (0.41 km2 / 1 %); Other areas (0.58 km2 / 1 %)

''(Master Plan of Tvrdošovce Municipality 2006)''
*'''''Cultural Features, Local Identity, Architectural & Spatial Landmarks'''
The image of rural settlements and landscapes in the Danube Lowland is significantly formed by extensive agriculture with small forests and non-forest woody vegetation such as accompanying vegetation of field roads, railways, watercourses or other linear and areal elements of the landscape. Tvrdošovce can be understood in this context as a representative case study of large rural settlements in agricultural lowlands of south-western Slovakia. The perceived landscape is a far-reaching flatland that one may call "horizon landscape". The perceived landscape image is usually framed in by non-forest woody vegetation formations as only one smaller mountain range is visible in the distance (ranging from 142 to 829 MASL).

The main architectural landmark of Tvrdošovce as well as of other rural settlements in this region is the baroque church with a distinctive tower visible from far when approaching the small town. This architectural landmark is culturally bound to the perception of the site and therefore significantly forms the local identity through its cultural and historical legacy. Very specific landscape features are also other sacral elements in the form of small architecture, such as small sacral monuments, roadside crosses or other sacred sculptures usually accompanied by old deciduous trees such as Aesculus hippocastanum (in this region) and other trees such as Tilia sp., Quercus sp. and other species.

The most distinctive spatial feature of the town is the historic centre with a wide linear open space framed in on both sides by low architectural volumes (1-2 storey-buildings, mostly housing with front gardens). The public part of the open space consists of a central green space which is framed in by a road with pathway. The uniqueness of this streetscape is underlined by the central green space and the historical legacy of the oldest part of the urban area. The site is dominated by the main architectural landmark - the church located in the geographical centre of the historical town centre. This distinctive spatial arrangement of rural settlements is referred to as Anger or Angerdorf (in German literature), Náves (in Slovak and Czech literature) or Orsós Falu (in Hungarian literature). As the Anglo-Saxon urban development is different from the one in Central Europe, it is hard to define a relevant English equivalent to these terms, but a similar urban structure is referred to as The Common or Village with a Common or Green Village in English literature.

*'''''History & Dynamics from the Early Bronze Age till the 1950s'''
The first signs of settlement date back to the Early Bronze Age and later to the Early and Late Roman Period. The famous ''Limes Romanus'' stretched about 2-3 km south of the settlement. After approximately 2 centuries of Slavonic settlement, the first Hungarian settlement is dated back to 970-1020, approximately a century after the arrival of Hungarian settlers to the ''Danube Lowland'', due to the '''marshy character of the landscape'''. This swampy land was a kind of protective space for the inhabitants throughout the centuries till the Middle Ages.

The first written report dates back to 1221. The settlement laid on an important medieval road from Budapest to Bohemia and Poland. The Tatars bypassed the village in 1241 because of the swampy ground.

In 1332 King ''Károly I.'' mentions the settlement under the name ''Turdesqed''. In the 14th century the original church was built as a Romanesque chapel, later rebuilt with some elements of the Early Gothic. The settlement was intensively developing in the 13th and 14th century and is mentioned as ''Tardoskedde'', ''Turdaskeddi'', ''Turdesqued'', ''Tardos Kegy'' and other variations (stabilized in the late 19th century to ''Tardoskedd'').

In the 16th century, the settlement is already mentioned as a '''developed central village'''. It is mentioned among the richest villages of the region. During the Turkish incursions, the inhabitants fled to the marshland called ''Faluhely'' in the surrounding landscape for almost 100 years.

Emperor ''Ferdinánd III.'' confers the right of '''small town''' "Mezőváros" (Lat. '''Oppidum''', Eng. '''Market Town''' - ruled by a squire; which had the right to organize markets, but did not have the right to build a fortification or town wall, only paling was allowed - Author´s Note). In the second half of the 17th century, Turkish troops plundered the settlement. The inhabitants hid again in the '''marshlands which surrounded the town'''. In the tax register from 1664, the town is referred to as personal property of a Turkish Pasha. The ''Nové Zámky Fortress'' (near Tardoskedd) was conquered (reclaimed) in 1685 by the imperial chieftain ''Charles of Lorraine''.

In the 18th century, the development of the settlement was marked by the Rákóczi Uprising (Rákóczi conquered the Nové Zámky Fortress in 1704). After this, the settlement becomes a big military camp with a military postal system. Based on a local legend/tradition, there was a battle between the Kuruc army (rebels against the Habsburgs - Author´s note) and the imperial army at the so called ''Rákóczi Hill'' (located in the present cemetery and marked with a historic monument - Author´s note), where hundreds of imperial (Habsburg) soldiers were conquered. In memory of winning the battle, a monument was built on the mentioned hill.

The church was vastly rebuilt in the period between 1707 and 1725 (into the present Baroque style - Author´s note); in 1753 a Calvary was built at the church. Under the reign of Maria Theresia (1740-1780), Tardoskedd became an important '''town''' on the royal road from Vienna to Buda '''with the right to organize markets'''. There were famous regional cattle fairs, possibility of horse re-harness and a large royal hotel near the town, in Csike, where even Maria Theresa stayed overnight several times. According to the census from 1779, the town had 2288 inhabitants.

After the revolution (1848-1849) the building of the '''railway from Budapest to Vienna''' through Marchegg was finished and opened in 1850. The first permanent post office was established in 1868.

After World War II., many '''privately owned properties were confiscated in 1948/1949''' - all shops and inns were expropriated and managed by Jednota (consumer cooperative "Unity" - Author´s Note). In February 1950, the Unified Cooperative Farm was established, in order to manage the collectivisation of agriculture in the town. Besides expropriation of privately owned establishments and collectivisation of agricultural land, the town was markedly influenced by eviction and deportation of inhabitants. In 1948-1954, a sports complex was established in the garden of the wealthy Juhász Family Farmyard. Next to the stadium a swimming pool was built in 1955-1957.

(Tvrdošovce Municipality 2014; AT 2012-2014; Buda 2009)

*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Green_Infrastructure_of_Tvrdošovce_in_the_Micro-Regional_Context.jpeg|Micro-Regional Context
Image:Changes_in_the_Landscape_Structure_18th-21st_Century.jpeg|Landscape Structure Dynamics
Image:Layer_Maps_Tvrdosovce.jpeg|Components and Features of the Current Landscape Structure
Image:LandscapeHistory18thCentury.jpg|Landscape History - 18th Century
Image:LandscapeHistory19.jpeg|Landscape History - 19th Century
Image:LandscapeContextAndStructure1950.jpeg|Landscape History - Spatial Context and Landscape Structure just before Collectivization of Agriculture in 1950
Image:LandscapeContextAndStructureNOW.jpeg|Landscape Reality - Current Spatial Context and Landscape Structure
</gallery>

== What are the overall objectives of your design? What are the specific objectives for enhancing green infrastrucutre? ==

''Please give a short written argumentation (not more than 150 words). It is ok if you have different or even contradicting objectives within your group. Just make it explicit at the beginning of your process ''

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing.''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:CurrentLandscapeStructureAT.jpeg|Analytical Drawing 1: Spatial Analysis of the Current Landscape Structure by Attila Tóth
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|analytical drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|analytical drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|analytical drawing 4
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes), of course with an emphasis on green infrastructure aspects. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing representing his/her individual ideas.''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Projective_drawing_GIseminar_at_s.jpg|Projective Drawing 1: Improvement of the Green Infrastructure Connectivity and Spatial Integrity in the Landscape by Attila Tóth
Image:Projective_drawing_Milena.png|Projective drawing 2: Connecting Tvrdosovce landscape with Danube and European Green Belt by Milena Stefanovic
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|projective drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|projective drawing 4
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==
''Please analyse the individual approaches presented so far and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses (you may use the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis SWOT]analysis model). Try to create a synthesis and represent it with a plan and some sketches. You can still use drawings/sketches.''

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|synthesis drawing 1
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|synthesis drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|synthesis drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|synthesis drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''Please reflect on your collaborative design process. Which potentials have you encountered? What was most difficult? What does collaborative design mean for you? (approx 150 words).''

== Image Gallery ==
''Exploring the Features of the Landscape within and around Tvrdošovce''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:LandscapeContext.jpeg|Regional Identity
Image:LandscapeContext2.jpeg|Landscape Context
Image:SettlementLandscapeImage.jpg|Settlement & Landscape Image
Image:AgriculturalLandscapes.jpg|Agricultural Landscapes
Image:WaterLandscape.jpg|Water in the Landscape
Image:AgricultureLegacy.jpeg|Agricultural Legacy
Image:ArchLandmark.jpg|Architectural Landmark
Image:Wildlife.jpg|Wildlife
</gallery>

== References ==
BUDA, František. 2009. Tvrdošovce-Tardoskedd: Kapitoly o minulosti, súčasnosti, obyvateľstve a zaujímavostiach Tvrdošoviec. Komárno: Print-K, 2009, 334 s., ISBN 978-80-970181-9-1.

TÓTH, Attila - FERIANCOVÁ, Ľubica. 2013. Green Infrastructure in the Context of Rural Space Restoration and Design. In: Nordic Journal of Architectural Research. Vol. 25, No. 2. pp. 187-212. ISSN 1893-5281.

TÓTH, Attila. 2013. Green Infrastructure: Planning and Design of Rural Landscapes - Case Study: Cergát-Váh, Tvrdošovce. In: Kubišta, R. (eds.): Trendy v krajinotvorbe [Trends in Landscape Design]. Nitra: Slovak University of Agriculture, 2013, pp.52-59. 59 p. ISBN 978-80-552-1033-9.

TÓTH, Attila. 2013. Green Infrastructure Planning for Sustainable Rural Development. In: Neményi, M. et al. (eds.): Science for Sustainability: International Scientific Conference for PhD Students: Proceedings, University of West Hungary, Győr, March 19-20, 2013. Sopron: University of West Hungary Press, 2013, pp. 392-397. 414 p. ISBN 978-963-334-103-2.

TÓTH, Attila. 2013. Current challenges in rural development in terms of landscape planning and landscape architecture: Case study of Tvrdošovce, Slovakia / A vidékfejlesztés aktuális tájtervezési és tájépítészeti kihívásai: Esettanulmány - Tardoskedd, Szlovákia. In: Talentum - Hensch Árpád nyomdokain: A Gazdálkodásban publikált PhD hallgatók és kutatók III. országos tudományos konferenciája [CD]. Mosonmagyaróvár : University of West-Hungary, 2013, pp. 1-6. 178 p. ISBN 978-963-334-108-7 (CD with full papers), ISBN 978-963-334-107-0 (printed proceeding of abstracts, p. 62).

TÓTH, Attila - SUPUKA, Ján. 2014. Greenways: A Landscape Planning Tool for Restoration of Linkages in the Landscape. In: Berichte des Instituts Verkehr und Raum: How to push the implementation of the European Green Belt by landscape policy instruments? Erfurt: Fachhochschule, Vol. 18, No. 1. pp. 93-103. ISSN 1868-8586.

TÓTH, Attila. 2013. Rural Landscape Transformations by the Example of the Village Tvrdošovce in Slovakia. In: Stará, Kristýna (Eds.): Landscape Transformations of the Post-Communist Countries. Prague: Czech Technical University, 2013, pp.54-59. 200 p. ISBN 978-80-01-05431-4.

TÓTH, Attila - FERIANCOVÁ, Ľubica. 2013. The Role of Landscape Architecture in Rural Development. In: Škarpa, P. et al. (Eds.): MendelNet 2013 - Proceedings of International PhD Students Conference. Brno: Mendel University, 2013, pp.516-520. 955 p. ISBN 978-80-7375-908-7.

TÓTH, Attila - FERIANCOVÁ, Ľubica. 2014. By Improvement of the Green Infrastructure towards Sustainable Landscapes and Resilient Environments. In: G20 Youth Forum 2014 Conference Proceedings, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany. Genève: G8&G20 Alumni Association, 2014, pp.405-410. 695 p. ISSN 2297-0134.

TÓTH, Attila - BIHUŇOVÁ, Mária - HALAJOVÁ, Denisa - ŠTĚPÁNKOVÁ, Roberta. 2014. Interactions of Recreation and Landscape Protection in Slovakia. In: Journal of Landscape Management. Vol. 5, No. 1. pp. 51-55. ISSN 1804-2821.

TÓTH, Attila - FERIANCOVÁ Ľubica. 2013. Zelená infraštruktúra ako efektívny nástroj na ochranu a tvorbu udržateľnej krajiny [Green Infrastructure as an Efficient Tool for Protection and Design of Sustainable Landscapes]. In: Igaz, D. (eds.): Recenzovaný zborník z medzinárodnej vedeckej konferencie – ENVIRO Nitra 2013 [reviewed scientific proceedings]. Nitra: Slovak University of Agriculture, 2013, pp.179-187. 203 p. ISBN 978-80-552-1101-5.

TÓTH, Attila – FERIANCOVÁ, Ľubica. 2012. Krajinárske úpravy vidieckeho sídla Tvrdošovce [Landscape Architectural Design of the Rural Settlement Tvrdošovce]. In: Štěpánková, R. (eds.): Zborník príspevkov zo študentskej vedeckej konferencie FZKI 2012 [Proceeding from the Student Scientific Conference]. Nitra : SPU v Nitre, 2012, pp. 148-154. 154 p. ISBN 978-80-552-0888-6.

TÓTH, Attila – FERIANCOVÁ, Ľubica. 2011. Vidiecke sídlo – súčasť kultúrnej krajiny [Rural Village as Part of the Cultural Landscape]. In: Štěpánková, R. (eds.): Zborník príspevkov zo študentskej vedeckej konferencie FZKI 2011 [Proceeding from the Student Scientific Conference]. Nitra : SPU v Nitre, 2011, pp. 227-233. 233 p. ISBN 978-80-552-0676-9.

TÓTH, Attila. 2012. Landschaftsarchitektonische Neugestaltung und Entwicklung ländlicher Räume: Projektarbeit [Landscape Architectural Restoration and Development of Rural Spaces: project thesis]. München : GRIN Verlag GmbH, 2012. 24 p. ISBN 978-3-656-31030-3 (e-book); ISBN 978-3-656-31058-7 (book).

TÓTH, Attila. 2011. Theorie der Grünen Netze [Theory of Green Networks]. In: Damyanovic, D. (eds.): Nachhaltige Stadtplanung und –entwicklung am Beispiel der Stadt Salzburg : Projekt [Sustainable urban planning and development on example of Salzburg City : project]. Vienna : BOKU Wien, 2011. pp. VII_3-6, 205 p.

TÓTH, Attila. 2013. Tvorba plôch verejnej zelene vo vidieckom priestore [Public Green Space Design in Rural Areas] [online]. In: Certifikácia ubytovacích zariadení na vidieku a regionálne značenie produktov a služieb - odborný seminár. Nitra : Národná sieť rozvoja vidieka, 2013. 7 p. Available at: http://www.nsrv.sk/download.php?1058 [Accessed 08 October 2013].

TÓTH, Attila. 2012. Krajinárske úpravy vidieckeho sídla Tvrdošovce : diplomová práca [Landscape Architectural Design of the Rural Settlement Tvrdošovce : master thesis]. Nitra : SUA, 2012. 67 A3 p.

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[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Collaborative Design]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

File:Projective drawing Milena.png

2015-01-25T10:54:44Z

Stefanoficm: On this drawing are presented potential green corridors along water streams. Green corridor along Dlhý kanál would connect Tvrdosovce landscape with corridors along rivers Nitra and Váh, and finnaly Danube.

On this drawing are presented potential green corridors along water streams. Green corridor along Dlhý kanál would connect Tvrdosovce landscape with corridors along rivers Nitra and Váh, and finnaly Danube.

Green Infrastructure 2014 Group K - Case Study 2

2014-11-30T19:27:52Z

Stefanoficm: /* Projective drawings */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_K|working group K]]

'''''Mirijevo case study: Potentials for green infrastructure'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Mirijevo''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Serbia''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Belgrade''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Milena Stefanovic''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Schol yard_Preview.jpg]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
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|width=300
|height=240
|lat=44.78519470000001
|lng=20.538756799999987
|zoom=10
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== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

Serbia [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia] is developing country situated at the crossroads between Central and Southeast Europe, covering the southern part of the Pannonian Plain and the central Balkans. Serbia has very favourable natural conditions (land and climate) for varied agricultural production. It produces mostly grains, fruits and vegetables which constitute a significant part of its GDP and exports. There has been in a sharp decline in agricultural activity since 1948, when almost three-quarters of the population engaged in farming, to the present one-quarter.

'''Mirijevo''' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirijevo]is an urban neighborhood of Belgrade, the capital of Republic of Serbia. It is part of Belgrade's municipality Zvezdara. Mirijevo is located around 7 km from city center on the eastern outskirts of Belgrade's urban zone. Mirijevo is residental neighborhood with plenty of green spaces and hiking trails. Mirijevo hasn't cycling trails. It has one food market where people can buy domestic and foreign products. Residents of Mirijevo are mostly families with children and older retired people. They enjoy hiking and gardening. Mirijevo has large potential for developing urban agriculture. Benefits would be significant contribution to fruit and vegetable requirements, reduction of energy used to distribute food, biodiversity enhacement and positive social and health impact.

== Author's perspective ==
I graduated landscape architecture and horticulture at Belgrade University. Now I'm working on my PhD Thesis at Institute for Biological Research in Belgrade, on Department for Ecology. For my PhD thesis, I do research on biodiversity of forest ecosystems. I am also interested in research on urban biodiversity.

I chose Mirijevo for my case study, because I have been living there for fourtheen years. When I first moved in 1990, Mirijevo was neighborhood with planty of green areas and rich biodiversity. A wide viriety of plant species, insects and birds are found their habitat in Mirijevo. As time passing by, the human population is incresing and urban tissue is expanding at the expense of green areas. There is a lack of planning in bulding process, so many green corridors are becoming defragmented and many species are loosing their habitat.

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''

'''Topography'''

Terrain in Mirijevo has valley shape, with highest countour of 200 m above see level. Lowest contour is at 100 m above see level, where the Mirijevo stream is situated. West-facing slopes and east-facing slopes are predominant.

'''Climate'''

Belgrade is characterized by a moderate continental climate with local varieties. The mean annual air temperature is 11.9 ° C, and at the town periphery and at higher altitudes around 11.0 ° C . January is the coldest month, with average temperature of 0.10 ° C. The hotest month is July with average temperature of 22.1° C. Belgrade has four seasons. Autumn is longer than spring, with longer sunny and warm periods - the so-called Indian summer. Winter is not so severe, with an average of 21 days with temperature below zero. Spring is short and rainy. Summer arrives abruptly. The average annual number of days with temperature higher than 30°C (the so called tropical days ) is 31 .

The characteristic wind directions in Belgrade are southeast and northwest. Southeast wind is known as '''Košava'''[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%A1ava_%28wind%29]] and it brings clear and dry weather. It mostly blows in autumn and winter, in 2-3 days intervals. The average speed of Košava is 25-43 km/h but certain strokes can reach up to 130 kmh. Košava is the largest air cleaner of Belgrade.

The average annual rainfall on Belgrade and its surroundings is around 670 mm. The rainiest months are May and June. October and August have the smallest amount of rainfall. The average annual insolation is 2.096 hours. The highest insolation of about 10 hours a day is in July and August, while December and January are the most cloudy, with insolation of 2 to 3 hours per day. The average number of snowy days is 27. Snow cover lasts from 30 to 44 days, and its average thickness is 14 to 25 cm.
Mean atmospheric pressure in Belgrade is 1001 millibars and mean relative humidity is 69.5%.

'''Soil'''

A typical soil in Belgrade is cambisol. Cambisols make good agricultural land. In temperate climates they are among the most productive soils on earth. Cambisols have good physical and chemical properties and they are more suitable for autochthonous species.

'''Vegetation'''

The Hungarian oak -Turkey oak forest (''Quercetum frainetto-cerris'' Rud.) is the most common forest type in Serbia. Characteristic associations for Belgrade are: ''Rusco- aculeati- Quercetum frainetto- cerris'', ''Quercetum frainetto- cerris virgilianae'', ''Quercetum cerris- virgilianae'', ''Salicetum albo- amygdalinae'' and ''Salicetum albae- fragilis'' (Sarić, 1997).
However, Mirijevo has wide variety of plant species, autochthonous as well as allohtonous. Landscape architects were very imaginative when they were making plant selection. I made a record of the woody plant species, but this record is incomplete (Table 1). Beside woody plants, wide variety of herbaceous plants are growing in Mirijevo.

*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Mirijevo_study site.png|Study site
Image:Drvenaste vrste u Mirijevu.png|Some of the woody species in Mirijevo
Image:yourimage.jpg|your visual
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Connectivity_Milena_2.png|Connectivity
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
'''Ecological benefits'''

Creation of functional system of green areas provides habitat stability and protection.
Green corridors need to be established to connect green areas within Mirijevo with nearby Park Forest, river Danube and the Great War Island [http://www.serbia.travel/nature/protected-landscapes/great-war-island/](a nature preserve for great number of bird species, many of them endangered).
Many bird and animal species are only occasional inhabitants of Mirijevo (e.g. owls and bats). Green infrastructure would provide better condition for their maintenance.
Also, introduction of agriculture in Mirijevo would provide biodiversity enhancement.

'''Social benefits'''

Community gardening gives great opportunity for socialization. Garden plots are place where people can connect with each other and with nature. Gardening is enjoyable hobby and to unemployed and older people it offer a feeling of doing something useful.
Green infrastructure creates more recreational areas, that also improves socialization.

'''Economic benefits'''

Green corridors provide better town ventilation and reduce air pollution which has multiple benefits on human health.
The aspect of food security provided by community gardens are important for low income families. Gardening can be profitable hobby, as it comes to food, but is no doubt profitable when it comes to health. It can be a catalyst for changes related to diet and health. Garden holders increase their intake of fruits and vegetables once they start growing food. They also become more physically active.
This general improvement of health condition in regions where green infrastructure is developed, has impact on economy of that region.''

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Green infrastructure has typically multiple functions. What could be achieved for your site in this respect?''
*food security
*biodiversity protection and enhancement
*socialization improvement
*physical and mental health improvement
*pollution reduction

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Projective drawings_Ispravka.png|Potential landscape
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
''This case study is just preliminary research of potentials for developing green infrastructure in Mirijevo. It describes the green connections that need to be established to ensure habitat stability and protection for wide variety of species that live in Mirijevo. It also proposes opportunity for urban agriculture introduction. In relation to environmental conditions and land use, areas that can be turned out into community garden plots are presented. For such actions, further demographic and sociological studies are needed . Also, education of local community about green infrastructure benefits is necessary. This study did not take into consideration historical and cultural aspect of Mirijevo.
''

== Image Gallery ==

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Green area near elementary school.jpg|Green area near elementary school
Image:Green area near elementary school_2.jpg|Green area near elementary school
Image:Green area near elementary school_3.jpg|Green area near elementary school
Image:Drenage cannal in school yard.jpg|Drainage canal in school yard
Image:Private garden.jpg|One of few existing private gardens in Mirijevo
Image:Grassland ecosystem.jpg|Grassland ecosystem in Mirijevo
Image:Grassland ecosystem_2.jpg|Grassland ecosystem in Mirijevo
Image:Garage rooftops.jpg|Garage rooftops
</gallery>

== References ==

*Bohn, Katrin and Andre Viljoen. The Edible City: Envisioning the Continuous Productive Urban Landscape (CPUL). Field Journal, Vol. 4 (1) Pp. 149-161.
*Sarić M. (1997): Vegetacija Srbije II Šumske zajednice 1, Srpska Akademija nauka i umetnosti, Beograd
*http://www.hidmet.gov.rs/
*http://www.jardins-familiaux.org/office/eng/eoffer.html
*http://www.cbd.int/doc/health/cbo-action-policy-en.pdf

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

File:Projective drawings Ispravka.png

2014-11-30T19:26:20Z

Stefanoficm: On this drawing, areas that have potential to become community gardens are marked. These areas are covered with grasses and shrubs, and they are not very well managed. On drawing are also marked places where fruit species could be planted in lines. I w...

On this drawing, areas that have potential to become community gardens are marked. These areas are covered with grasses and shrubs, and they are not very well managed. On drawing are also marked places where fruit species could be planted in lines. I would recommend introduction of Juglans regia, Morus alba and Morus nigra. Walnuts are always deficient on Mirijevo market and mulberry trees are very rare in Serbia, although once were very widespread. In landscape architecture mulberry tree is not very popular because its fruits dirty pavement, but I think it should be welcomed in urban periphery.

Green Infrastructure 2014 Group K - Case Study 2

2014-11-30T15:57:50Z

Stefanoficm: /* Analytical drawings */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_K|working group K]]

'''''Mirijevo case study: Potentials for green infrastructure'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Mirijevo''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Serbia''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Belgrade''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Milena Stefanovic''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Schol yard_Preview.jpg]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=44.78519470000001
|lng=20.538756799999987
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

Serbia [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia] is developing country situated at the crossroads between Central and Southeast Europe, covering the southern part of the Pannonian Plain and the central Balkans. Serbia has very favourable natural conditions (land and climate) for varied agricultural production. It produces mostly grains, fruits and vegetables which constitute a significant part of its GDP and exports. There has been in a sharp decline in agricultural activity since 1948, when almost three-quarters of the population engaged in farming, to the present one-quarter.

'''Mirijevo''' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirijevo]is an urban neighborhood of Belgrade, the capital of Republic of Serbia. It is part of Belgrade's municipality Zvezdara. Mirijevo is located around 7 km from city center on the eastern outskirts of Belgrade's urban zone. Mirijevo is residental neighborhood with plenty of green spaces and hiking trails. Mirijevo hasn't cycling trails. It has one food market where people can buy domestic and foreign products. Residents of Mirijevo are mostly families with children and older retired people. They enjoy hiking and gardening. Mirijevo has large potential for developing urban agriculture. Benefits would be significant contribution to fruit and vegetable requirements, reduction of energy used to distribute food, biodiversity enhacement and positive social and health impact.

== Author's perspective ==
I graduated landscape architecture and horticulture at Belgrade University. Now I'm working on my PhD Thesis at Institute for Biological Research in Belgrade, on Department for Ecology. For my PhD thesis, I do research on biodiversity of forest ecosystems. I am also interested in research on urban biodiversity.

I chose Mirijevo for my case study, because I have been living there for fourtheen years. When I first moved in 1990, Mirijevo was neighborhood with planty of green areas and rich biodiversity. A wide viriety of plant species, insects and birds are found their habitat in Mirijevo. As time passing by, the human population is incresing and urban tissue is expanding at the expense of green areas. There is a lack of planning in bulding process, so many green corridors are becoming defragmented and many species are loosing their habitat.

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''

'''Topography'''

Terrain in Mirijevo has valley shape, with highest countour of 200 m above see level. Lowest contour is at 100 m above see level, where the Mirijevo stream is situated. West-facing slopes and east-facing slopes are predominant.

'''Climate'''

Belgrade is characterized by a moderate continental climate with local varieties. The mean annual air temperature is 11.9 ° C, and at the town periphery and at higher altitudes around 11.0 ° C . January is the coldest month, with average temperature of 0.10 ° C. The hotest month is July with average temperature of 22.1° C. Belgrade has four seasons. Autumn is longer than spring, with longer sunny and warm periods - the so-called Indian summer. Winter is not so severe, with an average of 21 days with temperature below zero. Spring is short and rainy. Summer arrives abruptly. The average annual number of days with temperature higher than 30°C (the so called tropical days ) is 31 .

The characteristic wind directions in Belgrade are southeast and northwest. Southeast wind is known as '''Košava'''[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%A1ava_%28wind%29]] and it brings clear and dry weather. It mostly blows in autumn and winter, in 2-3 days intervals. The average speed of Košava is 25-43 km/h but certain strokes can reach up to 130 kmh. Košava is the largest air cleaner of Belgrade.

The average annual rainfall on Belgrade and its surroundings is around 670 mm. The rainiest months are May and June. October and August have the smallest amount of rainfall. The average annual insolation is 2.096 hours. The highest insolation of about 10 hours a day is in July and August, while December and January are the most cloudy, with insolation of 2 to 3 hours per day. The average number of snowy days is 27. Snow cover lasts from 30 to 44 days, and its average thickness is 14 to 25 cm.
Mean atmospheric pressure in Belgrade is 1001 millibars and mean relative humidity is 69.5%.

'''Soil'''

A typical soil in Belgrade is cambisol. Cambisols make good agricultural land. In temperate climates they are among the most productive soils on earth. Cambisols have good physical and chemical properties and they are more suitable for autochthonous species.

'''Vegetation'''

The Hungarian oak -Turkey oak forest (''Quercetum frainetto-cerris'' Rud.) is the most common forest type in Serbia. Characteristic associations for Belgrade are: ''Rusco- aculeati- Quercetum frainetto- cerris'', ''Quercetum frainetto- cerris virgilianae'', ''Quercetum cerris- virgilianae'', ''Salicetum albo- amygdalinae'' and ''Salicetum albae- fragilis'' (Sarić, 1997).
However, Mirijevo has wide variety of plant species, autochthonous as well as allohtonous. Landscape architects were very imaginative when they were making plant selection. I made a record of the woody plant species, but this record is incomplete (Table 1). Beside woody plants, wide variety of herbaceous plants are growing in Mirijevo.

*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Mirijevo_study site.png|Study site
Image:Drvenaste vrste u Mirijevu.png|Some of the woody species in Mirijevo
Image:yourimage.jpg|your visual
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Connectivity_Milena_2.png|Connectivity
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
'''Ecological benefits'''

Creation of functional system of green areas provides habitat stability and protection.
Green corridors need to be established to connect green areas within Mirijevo with nearby Park Forest, river Danube and the Great War Island [http://www.serbia.travel/nature/protected-landscapes/great-war-island/](a nature preserve for great number of bird species, many of them endangered).
Many bird and animal species are only occasional inhabitants of Mirijevo (e.g. owls and bats). Green infrastructure would provide better condition for their maintenance.
Also, introduction of agriculture in Mirijevo would provide biodiversity enhancement.

'''Social benefits'''

Community gardening gives great opportunity for socialization. Garden plots are place where people can connect with each other and with nature. Gardening is enjoyable hobby and to unemployed and older people it offer a feeling of doing something useful.
Green infrastructure creates more recreational areas, that also improves socialization.

'''Economic benefits'''

Green corridors provide better town ventilation and reduce air pollution which has multiple benefits on human health.
The aspect of food security provided by community gardens are important for low income families. Gardening can be profitable hobby, as it comes to food, but is no doubt profitable when it comes to health. It can be a catalyst for changes related to diet and health. Garden holders increase their intake of fruits and vegetables once they start growing food. They also become more physically active.
This general improvement of health condition in regions where green infrastructure is developed, has impact on economy of that region.''

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Green infrastructure has typically multiple functions. What could be achieved for your site in this respect?''
*food security
*biodiversity protection and enhancement
*socialization improvement
*physical and mental health improvement
*pollution reduction

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Projective drawings_Milena.png|Potential landscape
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
''This case study is just preliminary research of potentials for developing green infrastructure in Mirijevo. It describes the green connections that need to be established to ensure habitat stability and protection for wide variety of species that live in Mirijevo. It also proposes opportunity for urban agriculture introduction. In relation to environmental conditions and land use, areas that can be turned out into community garden plots are presented. For such actions, further demographic and sociological studies are needed . Also, education of local community about green infrastructure benefits is necessary. This study did not take into consideration historical and cultural aspect of Mirijevo.
''

== Image Gallery ==

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Green area near elementary school.jpg|Green area near elementary school
Image:Green area near elementary school_2.jpg|Green area near elementary school
Image:Green area near elementary school_3.jpg|Green area near elementary school
Image:Drenage cannal in school yard.jpg|Drainage canal in school yard
Image:Private garden.jpg|One of few existing private gardens in Mirijevo
Image:Grassland ecosystem.jpg|Grassland ecosystem in Mirijevo
Image:Grassland ecosystem_2.jpg|Grassland ecosystem in Mirijevo
Image:Garage rooftops.jpg|Garage rooftops
</gallery>

== References ==

*Bohn, Katrin and Andre Viljoen. The Edible City: Envisioning the Continuous Productive Urban Landscape (CPUL). Field Journal, Vol. 4 (1) Pp. 149-161.
*Sarić M. (1997): Vegetacija Srbije II Šumske zajednice 1, Srpska Akademija nauka i umetnosti, Beograd
*http://www.hidmet.gov.rs/
*http://www.jardins-familiaux.org/office/eng/eoffer.html
*http://www.cbd.int/doc/health/cbo-action-policy-en.pdf

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

File:Connectivity Milena 2.png

2014-11-30T15:56:39Z

Stefanoficm: This image shows green and blue areas in the vicinity of study site. Green corridors need to be established to connect green areas within Mirijevo with nearby Park Forest, river Danube and the Great War Island (a nature preserve for great number of bi...

This image shows green and blue areas in the vicinity of study site. Green corridors need to be established to connect green areas within Mirijevo with nearby Park Forest, river Danube and the Great War Island (a nature preserve for great number of bird species, many of them endangered). Many bird and animal species are only occasional inhabitants of Mirijevo (e.g. owls and bats). For wildlife protection, green corridors should be 20 m wide (Austin, 2014), although further studies need to be carried out to examine feasibility.

Green Infrastructure 2014 Group K - Case Study 2

2014-11-30T15:28:06Z

Stefanoficm: /* References */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_K|working group K]]

'''''Mirijevo case study: Potentials for green infrastructure'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Mirijevo''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Serbia''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Belgrade''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Milena Stefanovic''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Schol yard_Preview.jpg]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=44.78519470000001
|lng=20.538756799999987
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

Serbia [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia] is developing country situated at the crossroads between Central and Southeast Europe, covering the southern part of the Pannonian Plain and the central Balkans. Serbia has very favourable natural conditions (land and climate) for varied agricultural production. It produces mostly grains, fruits and vegetables which constitute a significant part of its GDP and exports. There has been in a sharp decline in agricultural activity since 1948, when almost three-quarters of the population engaged in farming, to the present one-quarter.

'''Mirijevo''' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirijevo]is an urban neighborhood of Belgrade, the capital of Republic of Serbia. It is part of Belgrade's municipality Zvezdara. Mirijevo is located around 7 km from city center on the eastern outskirts of Belgrade's urban zone. Mirijevo is residental neighborhood with plenty of green spaces and hiking trails. Mirijevo hasn't cycling trails. It has one food market where people can buy domestic and foreign products. Residents of Mirijevo are mostly families with children and older retired people. They enjoy hiking and gardening. Mirijevo has large potential for developing urban agriculture. Benefits would be significant contribution to fruit and vegetable requirements, reduction of energy used to distribute food, biodiversity enhacement and positive social and health impact.

== Author's perspective ==
I graduated landscape architecture and horticulture at Belgrade University. Now I'm working on my PhD Thesis at Institute for Biological Research in Belgrade, on Department for Ecology. For my PhD thesis, I do research on biodiversity of forest ecosystems. I am also interested in research on urban biodiversity.

I chose Mirijevo for my case study, because I have been living there for fourtheen years. When I first moved in 1990, Mirijevo was neighborhood with planty of green areas and rich biodiversity. A wide viriety of plant species, insects and birds are found their habitat in Mirijevo. As time passing by, the human population is incresing and urban tissue is expanding at the expense of green areas. There is a lack of planning in bulding process, so many green corridors are becoming defragmented and many species are loosing their habitat.

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''

'''Topography'''

Terrain in Mirijevo has valley shape, with highest countour of 200 m above see level. Lowest contour is at 100 m above see level, where the Mirijevo stream is situated. West-facing slopes and east-facing slopes are predominant.

'''Climate'''

Belgrade is characterized by a moderate continental climate with local varieties. The mean annual air temperature is 11.9 ° C, and at the town periphery and at higher altitudes around 11.0 ° C . January is the coldest month, with average temperature of 0.10 ° C. The hotest month is July with average temperature of 22.1° C. Belgrade has four seasons. Autumn is longer than spring, with longer sunny and warm periods - the so-called Indian summer. Winter is not so severe, with an average of 21 days with temperature below zero. Spring is short and rainy. Summer arrives abruptly. The average annual number of days with temperature higher than 30°C (the so called tropical days ) is 31 .

The characteristic wind directions in Belgrade are southeast and northwest. Southeast wind is known as '''Košava'''[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%A1ava_%28wind%29]] and it brings clear and dry weather. It mostly blows in autumn and winter, in 2-3 days intervals. The average speed of Košava is 25-43 km/h but certain strokes can reach up to 130 kmh. Košava is the largest air cleaner of Belgrade.

The average annual rainfall on Belgrade and its surroundings is around 670 mm. The rainiest months are May and June. October and August have the smallest amount of rainfall. The average annual insolation is 2.096 hours. The highest insolation of about 10 hours a day is in July and August, while December and January are the most cloudy, with insolation of 2 to 3 hours per day. The average number of snowy days is 27. Snow cover lasts from 30 to 44 days, and its average thickness is 14 to 25 cm.
Mean atmospheric pressure in Belgrade is 1001 millibars and mean relative humidity is 69.5%.

'''Soil'''

A typical soil in Belgrade is cambisol. Cambisols make good agricultural land. In temperate climates they are among the most productive soils on earth. Cambisols have good physical and chemical properties and they are more suitable for autochthonous species.

'''Vegetation'''

The Hungarian oak -Turkey oak forest (''Quercetum frainetto-cerris'' Rud.) is the most common forest type in Serbia. Characteristic associations for Belgrade are: ''Rusco- aculeati- Quercetum frainetto- cerris'', ''Quercetum frainetto- cerris virgilianae'', ''Quercetum cerris- virgilianae'', ''Salicetum albo- amygdalinae'' and ''Salicetum albae- fragilis'' (Sarić, 1997).
However, Mirijevo has wide variety of plant species, autochthonous as well as allohtonous. Landscape architects were very imaginative when they were making plant selection. I made a record of the woody plant species, but this record is incomplete (Table 1). Beside woody plants, wide variety of herbaceous plants are growing in Mirijevo.

*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Mirijevo_study site.png|Study site
Image:Drvenaste vrste u Mirijevu.png|Some of the woody species in Mirijevo
Image:yourimage.jpg|your visual
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Connectivity_Milena_png.png|Connectivity
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
'''Ecological benefits'''

Creation of functional system of green areas provides habitat stability and protection.
Green corridors need to be established to connect green areas within Mirijevo with nearby Park Forest, river Danube and the Great War Island [http://www.serbia.travel/nature/protected-landscapes/great-war-island/](a nature preserve for great number of bird species, many of them endangered).
Many bird and animal species are only occasional inhabitants of Mirijevo (e.g. owls and bats). Green infrastructure would provide better condition for their maintenance.
Also, introduction of agriculture in Mirijevo would provide biodiversity enhancement.

'''Social benefits'''

Community gardening gives great opportunity for socialization. Garden plots are place where people can connect with each other and with nature. Gardening is enjoyable hobby and to unemployed and older people it offer a feeling of doing something useful.
Green infrastructure creates more recreational areas, that also improves socialization.

'''Economic benefits'''

Green corridors provide better town ventilation and reduce air pollution which has multiple benefits on human health.
The aspect of food security provided by community gardens are important for low income families. Gardening can be profitable hobby, as it comes to food, but is no doubt profitable when it comes to health. It can be a catalyst for changes related to diet and health. Garden holders increase their intake of fruits and vegetables once they start growing food. They also become more physically active.
This general improvement of health condition in regions where green infrastructure is developed, has impact on economy of that region.''

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Green infrastructure has typically multiple functions. What could be achieved for your site in this respect?''
*food security
*biodiversity protection and enhancement
*socialization improvement
*physical and mental health improvement
*pollution reduction

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Projective drawings_Milena.png|Potential landscape
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
''This case study is just preliminary research of potentials for developing green infrastructure in Mirijevo. It describes the green connections that need to be established to ensure habitat stability and protection for wide variety of species that live in Mirijevo. It also proposes opportunity for urban agriculture introduction. In relation to environmental conditions and land use, areas that can be turned out into community garden plots are presented. For such actions, further demographic and sociological studies are needed . Also, education of local community about green infrastructure benefits is necessary. This study did not take into consideration historical and cultural aspect of Mirijevo.
''

== Image Gallery ==

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Green area near elementary school.jpg|Green area near elementary school
Image:Green area near elementary school_2.jpg|Green area near elementary school
Image:Green area near elementary school_3.jpg|Green area near elementary school
Image:Drenage cannal in school yard.jpg|Drainage canal in school yard
Image:Private garden.jpg|One of few existing private gardens in Mirijevo
Image:Grassland ecosystem.jpg|Grassland ecosystem in Mirijevo
Image:Grassland ecosystem_2.jpg|Grassland ecosystem in Mirijevo
Image:Garage rooftops.jpg|Garage rooftops
</gallery>

== References ==

*Bohn, Katrin and Andre Viljoen. The Edible City: Envisioning the Continuous Productive Urban Landscape (CPUL). Field Journal, Vol. 4 (1) Pp. 149-161.
*Sarić M. (1997): Vegetacija Srbije II Šumske zajednice 1, Srpska Akademija nauka i umetnosti, Beograd
*http://www.hidmet.gov.rs/
*http://www.jardins-familiaux.org/office/eng/eoffer.html
*http://www.cbd.int/doc/health/cbo-action-policy-en.pdf

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Green Infrastructure 2014 Group K - Case Study 2

2014-11-29T19:23:20Z

Stefanoficm: /* Summary and conclusion */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_K|working group K]]

'''''Mirijevo case study: Potentials for green infrastructure'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Mirijevo''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Serbia''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Belgrade''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Milena Stefanovic''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Schol yard_Preview.jpg]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=44.78519470000001
|lng=20.538756799999987
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

Serbia [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia] is developing country situated at the crossroads between Central and Southeast Europe, covering the southern part of the Pannonian Plain and the central Balkans. Serbia has very favourable natural conditions (land and climate) for varied agricultural production. It produces mostly grains, fruits and vegetables which constitute a significant part of its GDP and exports. There has been in a sharp decline in agricultural activity since 1948, when almost three-quarters of the population engaged in farming, to the present one-quarter.

'''Mirijevo''' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirijevo]is an urban neighborhood of Belgrade, the capital of Republic of Serbia. It is part of Belgrade's municipality Zvezdara. Mirijevo is located around 7 km from city center on the eastern outskirts of Belgrade's urban zone. Mirijevo is residental neighborhood with plenty of green spaces and hiking trails. Mirijevo hasn't cycling trails. It has one food market where people can buy domestic and foreign products. Residents of Mirijevo are mostly families with children and older retired people. They enjoy hiking and gardening. Mirijevo has large potential for developing urban agriculture. Benefits would be significant contribution to fruit and vegetable requirements, reduction of energy used to distribute food, biodiversity enhacement and positive social and health impact.

== Author's perspective ==
I graduated landscape architecture and horticulture at Belgrade University. Now I'm working on my PhD Thesis at Institute for Biological Research in Belgrade, on Department for Ecology. For my PhD thesis, I do research on biodiversity of forest ecosystems. I am also interested in research on urban biodiversity.

I chose Mirijevo for my case study, because I have been living there for fourtheen years. When I first moved in 1990, Mirijevo was neighborhood with planty of green areas and rich biodiversity. A wide viriety of plant species, insects and birds are found their habitat in Mirijevo. As time passing by, the human population is incresing and urban tissue is expanding at the expense of green areas. There is a lack of planning in bulding process, so many green corridors are becoming defragmented and many species are loosing their habitat.

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''

'''Topography'''

Terrain in Mirijevo has valley shape, with highest countour of 200 m above see level. Lowest contour is at 100 m above see level, where the Mirijevo stream is situated. West-facing slopes and east-facing slopes are predominant.

'''Climate'''

Belgrade is characterized by a moderate continental climate with local varieties. The mean annual air temperature is 11.9 ° C, and at the town periphery and at higher altitudes around 11.0 ° C . January is the coldest month, with average temperature of 0.10 ° C. The hotest month is July with average temperature of 22.1° C. Belgrade has four seasons. Autumn is longer than spring, with longer sunny and warm periods - the so-called Indian summer. Winter is not so severe, with an average of 21 days with temperature below zero. Spring is short and rainy. Summer arrives abruptly. The average annual number of days with temperature higher than 30°C (the so called tropical days ) is 31 .

The characteristic wind directions in Belgrade are southeast and northwest. Southeast wind is known as '''Košava'''[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%A1ava_%28wind%29]] and it brings clear and dry weather. It mostly blows in autumn and winter, in 2-3 days intervals. The average speed of Košava is 25-43 km/h but certain strokes can reach up to 130 kmh. Košava is the largest air cleaner of Belgrade.

The average annual rainfall on Belgrade and its surroundings is around 670 mm. The rainiest months are May and June. October and August have the smallest amount of rainfall. The average annual insolation is 2.096 hours. The highest insolation of about 10 hours a day is in July and August, while December and January are the most cloudy, with insolation of 2 to 3 hours per day. The average number of snowy days is 27. Snow cover lasts from 30 to 44 days, and its average thickness is 14 to 25 cm.
Mean atmospheric pressure in Belgrade is 1001 millibars and mean relative humidity is 69.5%.

'''Soil'''

A typical soil in Belgrade is cambisol. Cambisols make good agricultural land. In temperate climates they are among the most productive soils on earth. Cambisols have good physical and chemical properties and they are more suitable for autochthonous species.

'''Vegetation'''

The Hungarian oak -Turkey oak forest (''Quercetum frainetto-cerris'' Rud.) is the most common forest type in Serbia. Characteristic associations for Belgrade are: ''Rusco- aculeati- Quercetum frainetto- cerris'', ''Quercetum frainetto- cerris virgilianae'', ''Quercetum cerris- virgilianae'', ''Salicetum albo- amygdalinae'' and ''Salicetum albae- fragilis'' (Sarić, 1997).
However, Mirijevo has wide variety of plant species, autochthonous as well as allohtonous. Landscape architects were very imaginative when they were making plant selection. I made a record of the woody plant species, but this record is incomplete (Table 1). Beside woody plants, wide variety of herbaceous plants are growing in Mirijevo.

*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Mirijevo_study site.png|Study site
Image:Drvenaste vrste u Mirijevu.png|Some of the woody species in Mirijevo
Image:yourimage.jpg|your visual
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Connectivity_Milena_png.png|Connectivity
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
'''Ecological benefits'''

Creation of functional system of green areas provides habitat stability and protection.
Green corridors need to be established to connect green areas within Mirijevo with nearby Park Forest, river Danube and the Great War Island [http://www.serbia.travel/nature/protected-landscapes/great-war-island/](a nature preserve for great number of bird species, many of them endangered).
Many bird and animal species are only occasional inhabitants of Mirijevo (e.g. owls and bats). Green infrastructure would provide better condition for their maintenance.
Also, introduction of agriculture in Mirijevo would provide biodiversity enhancement.

'''Social benefits'''

Community gardening gives great opportunity for socialization. Garden plots are place where people can connect with each other and with nature. Gardening is enjoyable hobby and to unemployed and older people it offer a feeling of doing something useful.
Green infrastructure creates more recreational areas, that also improves socialization.

'''Economic benefits'''

Green corridors provide better town ventilation and reduce air pollution which has multiple benefits on human health.
The aspect of food security provided by community gardens are important for low income families. Gardening can be profitable hobby, as it comes to food, but is no doubt profitable when it comes to health. It can be a catalyst for changes related to diet and health. Garden holders increase their intake of fruits and vegetables once they start growing food. They also become more physically active.
This general improvement of health condition in regions where green infrastructure is developed, has impact on economy of that region.''

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Green infrastructure has typically multiple functions. What could be achieved for your site in this respect?''
*food security
*biodiversity protection and enhancement
*socialization improvement
*physical and mental health improvement
*pollution reduction

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Projective drawings_Milena.png|Potential landscape
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
''This case study is just preliminary research of potentials for developing green infrastructure in Mirijevo. It describes the green connections that need to be established to ensure habitat stability and protection for wide variety of species that live in Mirijevo. It also proposes opportunity for urban agriculture introduction. In relation to environmental conditions and land use, areas that can be turned out into community garden plots are presented. For such actions, further demographic and sociological studies are needed . Also, education of local community about green infrastructure benefits is necessary. This study did not take into consideration historical and cultural aspect of Mirijevo.
''

== Image Gallery ==

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Green area near elementary school.jpg|Green area near elementary school
Image:Green area near elementary school_2.jpg|Green area near elementary school
Image:Green area near elementary school_3.jpg|Green area near elementary school
Image:Drenage cannal in school yard.jpg|Drainage canal in school yard
Image:Private garden.jpg|One of few existing private gardens in Mirijevo
Image:Grassland ecosystem.jpg|Grassland ecosystem in Mirijevo
Image:Grassland ecosystem_2.jpg|Grassland ecosystem in Mirijevo
Image:Garage rooftops.jpg|Garage rooftops
</gallery>

== References ==

*Bohn, Katrin and Andre Viljoen. The Edible City: Envisioning the Continuous Productive Urban Landscape (CPUL). Field Journal, Vol. 4 (1) Pp. 149-161.
*Sarić M. (1997): Vegetacija Srbije II Šumske zajednice 1, Srpska Akademija nauka i umetnosti, Beograd
*http://www.hidmet.gov.rs/
*http://www.jardins-familiaux.org/office/eng/eoffer.html

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Green Infrastructure 2014 - Working Group K

2014-11-29T18:52:37Z

Stefanoficm: /* Case Study 2 */

--> Back to [[Working_Groups_Seminar_Green_Infrastructure_2014|working group overview]]

''Dear working group members. This is your group page and you will be completing the template gradually as we move through the seminar. Each member has an individual page for documenting his/her personal case. You can also access your template for assignment 4 (the joint design) from here. Good luck and enjoy your collaboration!
''

== Assignment 2 - Lecture Concept Map ==
*''The list with the group distribution shows you which lecture your group is supposed to document in the concept map format.''
*''Please add your collaborative concept map here by replacing the dummy image. Your map needs to have a new file name:''

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:yourfilename.jpg|''add your lecture title here by replacing this text''
</gallery>

== Assignment 3 - Green infrastructure potential in your environment ==

*'''Assigned: Tuesday, October 28'''
*'''Due: Monday, December 1'''

''There is one template page for each group member. The case could be a specific site in direct vicinity or a larger area in your region. The objective is to identify structures that have the potential to become elements of a green infrastructure strategy. ''

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group K - Case Study 1|Case Study 1]] ===
=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Group K - Case Study 2|Mirijevo case study: Potentials for green infrastructure ]] ===

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Group K - Case Study 3|Case Study 3]] ===

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Group H - Case Study 4|Case Study 4]] ===

=== Presentation Slides Assignment 3 ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:GI_yourgroupname_ass3_slide1.jpg|slide 1
Image:GI_yourgroupname_ass3_slide2.jpg|slide 2
Image:GI_yourgroupname_ass3_slide3.jpg|slide 3
Image:GI_yourgroupname_ass3_slide4.jpg|slide 4
</gallery>

== Assignment 4 - Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design ==

*'''Assigned: Tuesday, December 2'''
*'''Due: Tuesday, January 6'''

==='''[[Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group K|Collaborative Design Working Group K]]'''===

=== Presentation Slides Collaborative Design ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:GI_yourgroupname_ass4_slide1.jpg|Analytical Drawings
Image:GI_yourgroupname_ass4_slide2.jpg|Projective Drawings
Image:GI_yourgroupname_ass4_slide3.jpg|Design Synthesis
</gallery>

----

[[Category: Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group]]

Green Infrastructure 2014 Group K - Case Study 2

2014-11-29T18:51:19Z

Stefanoficm:

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_K|working group K]]

'''''Mirijevo case study: Potentials for green infrastructure'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Mirijevo''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Serbia''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Belgrade''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Milena Stefanovic''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Schol yard_Preview.jpg]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=44.78519470000001
|lng=20.538756799999987
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

Serbia [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia] is developing country situated at the crossroads between Central and Southeast Europe, covering the southern part of the Pannonian Plain and the central Balkans. Serbia has very favourable natural conditions (land and climate) for varied agricultural production. It produces mostly grains, fruits and vegetables which constitute a significant part of its GDP and exports. There has been in a sharp decline in agricultural activity since 1948, when almost three-quarters of the population engaged in farming, to the present one-quarter.

'''Mirijevo''' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirijevo]is an urban neighborhood of Belgrade, the capital of Republic of Serbia. It is part of Belgrade's municipality Zvezdara. Mirijevo is located around 7 km from city center on the eastern outskirts of Belgrade's urban zone. Mirijevo is residental neighborhood with plenty of green spaces and hiking trails. Mirijevo hasn't cycling trails. It has one food market where people can buy domestic and foreign products. Residents of Mirijevo are mostly families with children and older retired people. They enjoy hiking and gardening. Mirijevo has large potential for developing urban agriculture. Benefits would be significant contribution to fruit and vegetable requirements, reduction of energy used to distribute food, biodiversity enhacement and positive social and health impact.

== Author's perspective ==
I graduated landscape architecture and horticulture at Belgrade University. Now I'm working on my PhD Thesis at Institute for Biological Research in Belgrade, on Department for Ecology. For my PhD thesis, I do research on biodiversity of forest ecosystems. I am also interested in research on urban biodiversity.

I chose Mirijevo for my case study, because I have been living there for fourtheen years. When I first moved in 1990, Mirijevo was neighborhood with planty of green areas and rich biodiversity. A wide viriety of plant species, insects and birds are found their habitat in Mirijevo. As time passing by, the human population is incresing and urban tissue is expanding at the expense of green areas. There is a lack of planning in bulding process, so many green corridors are becoming defragmented and many species are loosing their habitat.

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''

'''Topography'''

Terrain in Mirijevo has valley shape, with highest countour of 200 m above see level. Lowest contour is at 100 m above see level, where the Mirijevo stream is situated. West-facing slopes and east-facing slopes are predominant.

'''Climate'''

Belgrade is characterized by a moderate continental climate with local varieties. The mean annual air temperature is 11.9 ° C, and at the town periphery and at higher altitudes around 11.0 ° C . January is the coldest month, with average temperature of 0.10 ° C. The hotest month is July with average temperature of 22.1° C. Belgrade has four seasons. Autumn is longer than spring, with longer sunny and warm periods - the so-called Indian summer. Winter is not so severe, with an average of 21 days with temperature below zero. Spring is short and rainy. Summer arrives abruptly. The average annual number of days with temperature higher than 30°C (the so called tropical days ) is 31 .

The characteristic wind directions in Belgrade are southeast and northwest. Southeast wind is known as '''Košava'''[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%A1ava_%28wind%29]] and it brings clear and dry weather. It mostly blows in autumn and winter, in 2-3 days intervals. The average speed of Košava is 25-43 km/h but certain strokes can reach up to 130 kmh. Košava is the largest air cleaner of Belgrade.

The average annual rainfall on Belgrade and its surroundings is around 670 mm. The rainiest months are May and June. October and August have the smallest amount of rainfall. The average annual insolation is 2.096 hours. The highest insolation of about 10 hours a day is in July and August, while December and January are the most cloudy, with insolation of 2 to 3 hours per day. The average number of snowy days is 27. Snow cover lasts from 30 to 44 days, and its average thickness is 14 to 25 cm.
Mean atmospheric pressure in Belgrade is 1001 millibars and mean relative humidity is 69.5%.

'''Soil'''

A typical soil in Belgrade is cambisol. Cambisols make good agricultural land. In temperate climates they are among the most productive soils on earth. Cambisols have good physical and chemical properties and they are more suitable for autochthonous species.

'''Vegetation'''

The Hungarian oak -Turkey oak forest (''Quercetum frainetto-cerris'' Rud.) is the most common forest type in Serbia. Characteristic associations for Belgrade are: ''Rusco- aculeati- Quercetum frainetto- cerris'', ''Quercetum frainetto- cerris virgilianae'', ''Quercetum cerris- virgilianae'', ''Salicetum albo- amygdalinae'' and ''Salicetum albae- fragilis'' (Sarić, 1997).
However, Mirijevo has wide variety of plant species, autochthonous as well as allohtonous. Landscape architects were very imaginative when they were making plant selection. I made a record of the woody plant species, but this record is incomplete (Table 1). Beside woody plants, wide variety of herbaceous plants are growing in Mirijevo.

*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Mirijevo_study site.png|Study site
Image:Drvenaste vrste u Mirijevu.png|Some of the woody species in Mirijevo
Image:yourimage.jpg|your visual
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Connectivity_Milena_png.png|Connectivity
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
'''Ecological benefits'''

Creation of functional system of green areas provides habitat stability and protection.
Green corridors need to be established to connect green areas within Mirijevo with nearby Park Forest, river Danube and the Great War Island [http://www.serbia.travel/nature/protected-landscapes/great-war-island/](a nature preserve for great number of bird species, many of them endangered).
Many bird and animal species are only occasional inhabitants of Mirijevo (e.g. owls and bats). Green infrastructure would provide better condition for their maintenance.
Also, introduction of agriculture in Mirijevo would provide biodiversity enhancement.

'''Social benefits'''

Community gardening gives great opportunity for socialization. Garden plots are place where people can connect with each other and with nature. Gardening is enjoyable hobby and to unemployed and older people it offer a feeling of doing something useful.
Green infrastructure creates more recreational areas, that also improves socialization.

'''Economic benefits'''

Green corridors provide better town ventilation and reduce air pollution which has multiple benefits on human health.
The aspect of food security provided by community gardens are important for low income families. Gardening can be profitable hobby, as it comes to food, but is no doubt profitable when it comes to health. It can be a catalyst for changes related to diet and health. Garden holders increase their intake of fruits and vegetables once they start growing food. They also become more physically active.
This general improvement of health condition in regions where green infrastructure is developed, has impact on economy of that region.''

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Green infrastructure has typically multiple functions. What could be achieved for your site in this respect?''
*food security
*biodiversity protection and enhancement
*socialization improvement
*physical and mental health improvement
*pollution reduction

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Projective drawings_Milena.png|Potential landscape
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''100 words approx.''

== Image Gallery ==

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Green area near elementary school.jpg|Green area near elementary school
Image:Green area near elementary school_2.jpg|Green area near elementary school
Image:Green area near elementary school_3.jpg|Green area near elementary school
Image:Drenage cannal in school yard.jpg|Drainage canal in school yard
Image:Private garden.jpg|One of few existing private gardens in Mirijevo
Image:Grassland ecosystem.jpg|Grassland ecosystem in Mirijevo
Image:Grassland ecosystem_2.jpg|Grassland ecosystem in Mirijevo
Image:Garage rooftops.jpg|Garage rooftops
</gallery>

== References ==

*Bohn, Katrin and Andre Viljoen. The Edible City: Envisioning the Continuous Productive Urban Landscape (CPUL). Field Journal, Vol. 4 (1) Pp. 149-161.
*Sarić M. (1997): Vegetacija Srbije II Šumske zajednice 1, Srpska Akademija nauka i umetnosti, Beograd
*http://www.hidmet.gov.rs/
*http://www.jardins-familiaux.org/office/eng/eoffer.html

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Green Infrastructure 2014 Group K - Case Study 2

2014-11-29T18:44:53Z

Stefanoficm: /* Potential for multifunctionality */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_K|working group K]]

'''''please add your title here'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Mirijevo''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Serbia''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Belgrade''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Milena Stefanovic''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Schol yard_Preview.jpg]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=44.78519470000001
|lng=20.538756799999987
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

Serbia [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia] is developing country situated at the crossroads between Central and Southeast Europe, covering the southern part of the Pannonian Plain and the central Balkans. Serbia has very favourable natural conditions (land and climate) for varied agricultural production. It produces mostly grains, fruits and vegetables which constitute a significant part of its GDP and exports. There has been in a sharp decline in agricultural activity since 1948, when almost three-quarters of the population engaged in farming, to the present one-quarter.

'''Mirijevo''' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirijevo]is an urban neighborhood of Belgrade, the capital of Republic of Serbia. It is part of Belgrade's municipality Zvezdara. Mirijevo is located around 7 km from city center on the eastern outskirts of Belgrade's urban zone. Mirijevo is residental neighborhood with plenty of green spaces and hiking trails. Mirijevo hasn't cycling trails. It has one food market where people can buy domestic and foreign products. Residents of Mirijevo are mostly families with children and older retired people. They enjoy hiking and gardening. Mirijevo has large potential for developing urban agriculture. Benefits would be significant contribution to fruit and vegetable requirements, reduction of energy used to distribute food, biodiversity enhacement and positive social and health impact.

== Author's perspective ==
I graduated landscape architecture and horticulture at Belgrade University. Now I'm working on my PhD Thesis at Institute for Biological Research in Belgrade, on Department for Ecology. For my PhD thesis, I do research on biodiversity of forest ecosystems. I am also interested in research on urban biodiversity.

I chose Mirijevo for my case study, because I have been living there for fourtheen years. When I first moved in 1990, Mirijevo was neighborhood with planty of green areas and rich biodiversity. A wide viriety of plant species, insects and birds are found their habitat in Mirijevo. As time passing by, the human population is incresing and urban tissue is expanding at the expense of green areas. There is a lack of planning in bulding process, so many green corridors are becoming defragmented and many species are loosing their habitat.

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''

'''Topography'''

Terrain in Mirijevo has valley shape, with highest countour of 200 m above see level. Lowest contour is at 100 m above see level, where the Mirijevo stream is situated. West-facing slopes and east-facing slopes are predominant.

'''Climate'''

Belgrade is characterized by a moderate continental climate with local varieties. The mean annual air temperature is 11.9 ° C, and at the town periphery and at higher altitudes around 11.0 ° C . January is the coldest month, with average temperature of 0.10 ° C. The hotest month is July with average temperature of 22.1° C. Belgrade has four seasons. Autumn is longer than spring, with longer sunny and warm periods - the so-called Indian summer. Winter is not so severe, with an average of 21 days with temperature below zero. Spring is short and rainy. Summer arrives abruptly. The average annual number of days with temperature higher than 30°C (the so called tropical days ) is 31 .

The characteristic wind directions in Belgrade are southeast and northwest. Southeast wind is known as '''Košava'''[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%A1ava_%28wind%29]] and it brings clear and dry weather. It mostly blows in autumn and winter, in 2-3 days intervals. The average speed of Košava is 25-43 km/h but certain strokes can reach up to 130 kmh. Košava is the largest air cleaner of Belgrade.

The average annual rainfall on Belgrade and its surroundings is around 670 mm. The rainiest months are May and June. October and August have the smallest amount of rainfall. The average annual insolation is 2.096 hours. The highest insolation of about 10 hours a day is in July and August, while December and January are the most cloudy, with insolation of 2 to 3 hours per day. The average number of snowy days is 27. Snow cover lasts from 30 to 44 days, and its average thickness is 14 to 25 cm.
Mean atmospheric pressure in Belgrade is 1001 millibars and mean relative humidity is 69.5%.

'''Soil'''

A typical soil in Belgrade is cambisol. Cambisols make good agricultural land. In temperate climates they are among the most productive soils on earth. Cambisols have good physical and chemical properties and they are more suitable for autochthonous species.

'''Vegetation'''

The Hungarian oak -Turkey oak forest (''Quercetum frainetto-cerris'' Rud.) is the most common forest type in Serbia. Characteristic associations for Belgrade are: ''Rusco- aculeati- Quercetum frainetto- cerris'', ''Quercetum frainetto- cerris virgilianae'', ''Quercetum cerris- virgilianae'', ''Salicetum albo- amygdalinae'' and ''Salicetum albae- fragilis'' (Sarić, 1997).
However, Mirijevo has wide variety of plant species, autochthonous as well as allohtonous. Landscape architects were very imaginative when they were making plant selection. I made a record of the woody plant species, but this record is incomplete (Table 1). Beside woody plants, wide variety of herbaceous plants are growing in Mirijevo.

*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Mirijevo_study site.png|Study site
Image:Drvenaste vrste u Mirijevu.png|Some of the woody species in Mirijevo
Image:yourimage.jpg|your visual
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Connectivity_Milena_png.png|Connectivity
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
'''Ecological benefits'''

Creation of functional system of green areas provides habitat stability and protection.
Green corridors need to be established to connect green areas within Mirijevo with nearby Park Forest, river Danube and the Great War Island [http://www.serbia.travel/nature/protected-landscapes/great-war-island/](a nature preserve for great number of bird species, many of them endangered).
Many bird and animal species are only occasional inhabitants of Mirijevo (e.g. owls and bats). Green infrastructure would provide better condition for their maintenance.
Also, introduction of agriculture in Mirijevo would provide biodiversity enhancement.

'''Social benefits'''

Community gardening gives great opportunity for socialization. Garden plots are place where people can connect with each other and with nature. Gardening is enjoyable hobby and to unemployed and older people it offer a feeling of doing something useful.
Green infrastructure creates more recreational areas, that also improves socialization.

'''Economic benefits'''

Green corridors provide better town ventilation and reduce air pollution which has multiple benefits on human health.
The aspect of food security provided by community gardens are important for low income families. Gardening can be profitable hobby, as it comes to food, but is no doubt profitable when it comes to health. It can be a catalyst for changes related to diet and health. Garden holders increase their intake of fruits and vegetables once they start growing food. They also become more physically active.
This general improvement of health condition in regions where green infrastructure is developed, has impact on economy of that region.''

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Green infrastructure has typically multiple functions. What could be achieved for your site in this respect?''
*food security
*biodiversity protection and enhancement
*socialization improvement
*physical and mental health improvement
*pollution reduction

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Projective drawings_Milena.png|Potential landscape
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''100 words approx.''

== Image Gallery ==

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Green area near elementary school.jpg|Green area near elementary school
Image:Green area near elementary school_2.jpg|Green area near elementary school
Image:Green area near elementary school_3.jpg|Green area near elementary school
Image:Drenage cannal in school yard.jpg|Drainage canal in school yard
Image:Private garden.jpg|One of few existing private gardens in Mirijevo
Image:Grassland ecosystem.jpg|Grassland ecosystem in Mirijevo
Image:Grassland ecosystem_2.jpg|Grassland ecosystem in Mirijevo
Image:Garage rooftops.jpg|Garage rooftops
</gallery>

== References ==

*Bohn, Katrin and Andre Viljoen. The Edible City: Envisioning the Continuous Productive Urban Landscape (CPUL). Field Journal, Vol. 4 (1) Pp. 149-161.
*Sarić M. (1997): Vegetacija Srbije II Šumske zajednice 1, Srpska Akademija nauka i umetnosti, Beograd
*http://www.hidmet.gov.rs/
*http://www.jardins-familiaux.org/office/eng/eoffer.html

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Green Infrastructure 2014 Group K - Case Study 2

2014-11-29T18:35:16Z

Stefanoficm: /* Potential for multifunctionality */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_K|working group K]]

'''''please add your title here'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Mirijevo''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Serbia''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Belgrade''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Milena Stefanovic''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Schol yard_Preview.jpg]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=44.78519470000001
|lng=20.538756799999987
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

Serbia [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia] is developing country situated at the crossroads between Central and Southeast Europe, covering the southern part of the Pannonian Plain and the central Balkans. Serbia has very favourable natural conditions (land and climate) for varied agricultural production. It produces mostly grains, fruits and vegetables which constitute a significant part of its GDP and exports. There has been in a sharp decline in agricultural activity since 1948, when almost three-quarters of the population engaged in farming, to the present one-quarter.

'''Mirijevo''' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirijevo]is an urban neighborhood of Belgrade, the capital of Republic of Serbia. It is part of Belgrade's municipality Zvezdara. Mirijevo is located around 7 km from city center on the eastern outskirts of Belgrade's urban zone. Mirijevo is residental neighborhood with plenty of green spaces and hiking trails. Mirijevo hasn't cycling trails. It has one food market where people can buy domestic and foreign products. Residents of Mirijevo are mostly families with children and older retired people. They enjoy hiking and gardening. Mirijevo has large potential for developing urban agriculture. Benefits would be significant contribution to fruit and vegetable requirements, reduction of energy used to distribute food, biodiversity enhacement and positive social and health impact.

== Author's perspective ==
I graduated landscape architecture and horticulture at Belgrade University. Now I'm working on my PhD Thesis at Institute for Biological Research in Belgrade, on Department for Ecology. For my PhD thesis, I do research on biodiversity of forest ecosystems. I am also interested in research on urban biodiversity.

I chose Mirijevo for my case study, because I have been living there for fourtheen years. When I first moved in 1990, Mirijevo was neighborhood with planty of green areas and rich biodiversity. A wide viriety of plant species, insects and birds are found their habitat in Mirijevo. As time passing by, the human population is incresing and urban tissue is expanding at the expense of green areas. There is a lack of planning in bulding process, so many green corridors are becoming defragmented and many species are loosing their habitat.

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''

'''Topography'''

Terrain in Mirijevo has valley shape, with highest countour of 200 m above see level. Lowest contour is at 100 m above see level, where the Mirijevo stream is situated. West-facing slopes and east-facing slopes are predominant.

'''Climate'''

Belgrade is characterized by a moderate continental climate with local varieties. The mean annual air temperature is 11.9 ° C, and at the town periphery and at higher altitudes around 11.0 ° C . January is the coldest month, with average temperature of 0.10 ° C. The hotest month is July with average temperature of 22.1° C. Belgrade has four seasons. Autumn is longer than spring, with longer sunny and warm periods - the so-called Indian summer. Winter is not so severe, with an average of 21 days with temperature below zero. Spring is short and rainy. Summer arrives abruptly. The average annual number of days with temperature higher than 30°C (the so called tropical days ) is 31 .

The characteristic wind directions in Belgrade are southeast and northwest. Southeast wind is known as '''Košava'''[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%A1ava_%28wind%29]] and it brings clear and dry weather. It mostly blows in autumn and winter, in 2-3 days intervals. The average speed of Košava is 25-43 km/h but certain strokes can reach up to 130 kmh. Košava is the largest air cleaner of Belgrade.

The average annual rainfall on Belgrade and its surroundings is around 670 mm. The rainiest months are May and June. October and August have the smallest amount of rainfall. The average annual insolation is 2.096 hours. The highest insolation of about 10 hours a day is in July and August, while December and January are the most cloudy, with insolation of 2 to 3 hours per day. The average number of snowy days is 27. Snow cover lasts from 30 to 44 days, and its average thickness is 14 to 25 cm.
Mean atmospheric pressure in Belgrade is 1001 millibars and mean relative humidity is 69.5%.

'''Soil'''

A typical soil in Belgrade is cambisol. Cambisols make good agricultural land. In temperate climates they are among the most productive soils on earth. Cambisols have good physical and chemical properties and they are more suitable for autochthonous species.

'''Vegetation'''

The Hungarian oak -Turkey oak forest (''Quercetum frainetto-cerris'' Rud.) is the most common forest type in Serbia. Characteristic associations for Belgrade are: ''Rusco- aculeati- Quercetum frainetto- cerris'', ''Quercetum frainetto- cerris virgilianae'', ''Quercetum cerris- virgilianae'', ''Salicetum albo- amygdalinae'' and ''Salicetum albae- fragilis'' (Sarić, 1997).
However, Mirijevo has wide variety of plant species, autochthonous as well as allohtonous. Landscape architects were very imaginative when they were making plant selection. I made a record of the woody plant species, but this record is incomplete (Table 1). Beside woody plants, wide variety of herbaceous plants are growing in Mirijevo.

*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Mirijevo_study site.png|Study site
Image:Drvenaste vrste u Mirijevu.png|Some of the woody species in Mirijevo
Image:yourimage.jpg|your visual
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Connectivity_Milena_png.png|Connectivity
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
'''Ecological benefits'''

Creation of functional system of green areas provides habitat stability and protection.
Green corridors need to be established to connect green areas within Mirijevo with nearby Park Forest, river Danube and the Great War Island [http://www.serbia.travel/nature/protected-landscapes/great-war-island/](a nature preserve for great number of bird species, many of them endangered).
Many bird and animal species are only occasional inhabitants of Mirijevo (e.g. owls and bats). Green infrastructure would provide better condition for their maintenance.
Also, introduction of agriculture in Mirijevo would provide biodiversity enhancement.

'''Social benefits'''

Community gardening gives great opportunity for socialization. Garden plots are place where people can connect with each other and with nature. Gardening is enjoyable hobby and to unemployed and older people it offer a feeling of doing something useful.
Green infrastructure creates more recreational areas, that also improves socialization.

'''Economic benefits'''

Green corridors provide better town ventilation and reduce air pollution which has multiple benefits on human health.
The aspect of food security provided by community gardens are important for low income families. Gardening can be profitable hobby, as it comes to food, but is no doubt profitable when it comes to health. It can be a catalyst for changes related to diet and health. Garden holders increase their intake of fruits and vegetables once they start growing food. They also become more physically active.
This general improvement of health condition in regions where green infrastructure is developed, has impact on economy of that region.''

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Green infrastructure has typically multiple functions. What could be achieved for your site in this respect?''
*food security
*biodiversity protection and enhancement
*socialization improvement
*physical and mental health improvement

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Projective drawings_Milena.png|Potential landscape
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''100 words approx.''

== Image Gallery ==

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Green area near elementary school.jpg|Green area near elementary school
Image:Green area near elementary school_2.jpg|Green area near elementary school
Image:Green area near elementary school_3.jpg|Green area near elementary school
Image:Drenage cannal in school yard.jpg|Drainage canal in school yard
Image:Private garden.jpg|One of few existing private gardens in Mirijevo
Image:Grassland ecosystem.jpg|Grassland ecosystem in Mirijevo
Image:Grassland ecosystem_2.jpg|Grassland ecosystem in Mirijevo
Image:Garage rooftops.jpg|Garage rooftops
</gallery>

== References ==

*Bohn, Katrin and Andre Viljoen. The Edible City: Envisioning the Continuous Productive Urban Landscape (CPUL). Field Journal, Vol. 4 (1) Pp. 149-161.
*Sarić M. (1997): Vegetacija Srbije II Šumske zajednice 1, Srpska Akademija nauka i umetnosti, Beograd
*http://www.hidmet.gov.rs/
*http://www.jardins-familiaux.org/office/eng/eoffer.html

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Green Infrastructure 2014 Group K - Case Study 2

2014-11-29T17:49:39Z

Stefanoficm: /* Green Infrastructure benefits for this site */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_K|working group K]]

'''''please add your title here'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Mirijevo''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Serbia''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Belgrade''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Milena Stefanovic''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Schol yard_Preview.jpg]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=44.78519470000001
|lng=20.538756799999987
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

Serbia [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia] is developing country situated at the crossroads between Central and Southeast Europe, covering the southern part of the Pannonian Plain and the central Balkans. Serbia has very favourable natural conditions (land and climate) for varied agricultural production. It produces mostly grains, fruits and vegetables which constitute a significant part of its GDP and exports. There has been in a sharp decline in agricultural activity since 1948, when almost three-quarters of the population engaged in farming, to the present one-quarter.

'''Mirijevo''' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirijevo]is an urban neighborhood of Belgrade, the capital of Republic of Serbia. It is part of Belgrade's municipality Zvezdara. Mirijevo is located around 7 km from city center on the eastern outskirts of Belgrade's urban zone. Mirijevo is residental neighborhood with plenty of green spaces and hiking trails. Mirijevo hasn't cycling trails. It has one food market where people can buy domestic and foreign products. Residents of Mirijevo are mostly families with children and older retired people. They enjoy hiking and gardening. Mirijevo has large potential for developing urban agriculture. Benefits would be significant contribution to fruit and vegetable requirements, reduction of energy used to distribute food, biodiversity enhacement and positive social and health impact.

== Author's perspective ==
I graduated landscape architecture and horticulture at Belgrade University. Now I'm working on my PhD Thesis at Institute for Biological Research in Belgrade, on Department for Ecology. For my PhD thesis, I do research on biodiversity of forest ecosystems. I am also interested in research on urban biodiversity.

I chose Mirijevo for my case study, because I have been living there for fourtheen years. When I first moved in 1990, Mirijevo was neighborhood with planty of green areas and rich biodiversity. A wide viriety of plant species, insects and birds are found their habitat in Mirijevo. As time passing by, the human population is incresing and urban tissue is expanding at the expense of green areas. There is a lack of planning in bulding process, so many green corridors are becoming defragmented and many species are loosing their habitat.

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''

'''Topography'''

Terrain in Mirijevo has valley shape, with highest countour of 200 m above see level. Lowest contour is at 100 m above see level, where the Mirijevo stream is situated. West-facing slopes and east-facing slopes are predominant.

'''Climate'''

Belgrade is characterized by a moderate continental climate with local varieties. The mean annual air temperature is 11.9 ° C, and at the town periphery and at higher altitudes around 11.0 ° C . January is the coldest month, with average temperature of 0.10 ° C. The hotest month is July with average temperature of 22.1° C. Belgrade has four seasons. Autumn is longer than spring, with longer sunny and warm periods - the so-called Indian summer. Winter is not so severe, with an average of 21 days with temperature below zero. Spring is short and rainy. Summer arrives abruptly. The average annual number of days with temperature higher than 30°C (the so called tropical days ) is 31 .

The characteristic wind directions in Belgrade are southeast and northwest. Southeast wind is known as '''Košava'''[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%A1ava_%28wind%29]] and it brings clear and dry weather. It mostly blows in autumn and winter, in 2-3 days intervals. The average speed of Košava is 25-43 km/h but certain strokes can reach up to 130 kmh. Košava is the largest air cleaner of Belgrade.

The average annual rainfall on Belgrade and its surroundings is around 670 mm. The rainiest months are May and June. October and August have the smallest amount of rainfall. The average annual insolation is 2.096 hours. The highest insolation of about 10 hours a day is in July and August, while December and January are the most cloudy, with insolation of 2 to 3 hours per day. The average number of snowy days is 27. Snow cover lasts from 30 to 44 days, and its average thickness is 14 to 25 cm.
Mean atmospheric pressure in Belgrade is 1001 millibars and mean relative humidity is 69.5%.

'''Soil'''

A typical soil in Belgrade is cambisol. Cambisols make good agricultural land. In temperate climates they are among the most productive soils on earth. Cambisols have good physical and chemical properties and they are more suitable for autochthonous species.

'''Vegetation'''

The Hungarian oak -Turkey oak forest (''Quercetum frainetto-cerris'' Rud.) is the most common forest type in Serbia. Characteristic associations for Belgrade are: ''Rusco- aculeati- Quercetum frainetto- cerris'', ''Quercetum frainetto- cerris virgilianae'', ''Quercetum cerris- virgilianae'', ''Salicetum albo- amygdalinae'' and ''Salicetum albae- fragilis'' (Sarić, 1997).
However, Mirijevo has wide variety of plant species, autochthonous as well as allohtonous. Landscape architects were very imaginative when they were making plant selection. I made a record of the woody plant species, but this record is incomplete (Table 1). Beside woody plants, wide variety of herbaceous plants are growing in Mirijevo.

*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Mirijevo_study site.png|Study site
Image:Drvenaste vrste u Mirijevu.png|Some of the woody species in Mirijevo
Image:yourimage.jpg|your visual
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Connectivity_Milena_png.png|Connectivity
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
'''Ecological benefits'''

Creation of functional system of green areas provides habitat stability and protection.
Green corridors need to be established to connect green areas within Mirijevo with nearby Park Forest, river Danube and the Great War Island [http://www.serbia.travel/nature/protected-landscapes/great-war-island/](a nature preserve for great number of bird species, many of them endangered).
Many bird and animal species are only occasional inhabitants of Mirijevo (e.g. owls and bats). Green infrastructure would provide better condition for their maintenance.
Also, introduction of agriculture in Mirijevo would provide biodiversity enhancement.

'''Social benefits'''

Community gardening gives great opportunity for socialization. Garden plots are place where people can connect with each other and with nature. Gardening is enjoyable hobby and to unemployed and older people it offer a feeling of doing something useful.
Green infrastructure creates more recreational areas, that also improves socialization.

'''Economic benefits'''

Green corridors provide better town ventilation and reduce air pollution which has multiple benefits on human health.
The aspect of food security provided by community gardens are important for low income families. Gardening can be profitable hobby, as it comes to food, but is no doubt profitable when it comes to health. It can be a catalyst for changes related to diet and health. Garden holders increase their intake of fruits and vegetables once they start growing food. They also become more physically active.
This general improvement of health condition in regions where green infrastructure is developed, has impact on economy of that region.''

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Green infrastructure has typically multiple functions. What could be achieved for your site in this respect?''

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Projective drawings_Milena.png|Potential landscape
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''100 words approx.''

== Image Gallery ==

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Green area near elementary school.jpg|Green area near elementary school
Image:Green area near elementary school_2.jpg|Green area near elementary school
Image:Green area near elementary school_3.jpg|Green area near elementary school
Image:Drenage cannal in school yard.jpg|Drainage canal in school yard
Image:Private garden.jpg|One of few existing private gardens in Mirijevo
Image:Grassland ecosystem.jpg|Grassland ecosystem in Mirijevo
Image:Grassland ecosystem_2.jpg|Grassland ecosystem in Mirijevo
Image:Garage rooftops.jpg|Garage rooftops
</gallery>

== References ==

*Bohn, Katrin and Andre Viljoen. The Edible City: Envisioning the Continuous Productive Urban Landscape (CPUL). Field Journal, Vol. 4 (1) Pp. 149-161.
*Sarić M. (1997): Vegetacija Srbije II Šumske zajednice 1, Srpska Akademija nauka i umetnosti, Beograd
*http://www.hidmet.gov.rs/
*http://www.jardins-familiaux.org/office/eng/eoffer.html

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Green Infrastructure 2014 Group K - Case Study 2

2014-11-29T16:45:08Z

Stefanoficm: /* References */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_K|working group K]]

'''''please add your title here'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Mirijevo''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Serbia''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Belgrade''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Milena Stefanovic''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Schol yard_Preview.jpg]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=44.78519470000001
|lng=20.538756799999987
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

Serbia [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia] is developing country situated at the crossroads between Central and Southeast Europe, covering the southern part of the Pannonian Plain and the central Balkans. Serbia has very favourable natural conditions (land and climate) for varied agricultural production. It produces mostly grains, fruits and vegetables which constitute a significant part of its GDP and exports. There has been in a sharp decline in agricultural activity since 1948, when almost three-quarters of the population engaged in farming, to the present one-quarter.

'''Mirijevo''' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirijevo]is an urban neighborhood of Belgrade, the capital of Republic of Serbia. It is part of Belgrade's municipality Zvezdara. Mirijevo is located around 7 km from city center on the eastern outskirts of Belgrade's urban zone. Mirijevo is residental neighborhood with plenty of green spaces and hiking trails. Mirijevo hasn't cycling trails. It has one food market where people can buy domestic and foreign products. Residents of Mirijevo are mostly families with children and older retired people. They enjoy hiking and gardening. Mirijevo has large potential for developing urban agriculture. Benefits would be significant contribution to fruit and vegetable requirements, reduction of energy used to distribute food, biodiversity enhacement and positive social and health impact.

== Author's perspective ==
I graduated landscape architecture and horticulture at Belgrade University. Now I'm working on my PhD Thesis at Institute for Biological Research in Belgrade, on Department for Ecology. For my PhD thesis, I do research on biodiversity of forest ecosystems. I am also interested in research on urban biodiversity.

I chose Mirijevo for my case study, because I have been living there for fourtheen years. When I first moved in 1990, Mirijevo was neighborhood with planty of green areas and rich biodiversity. A wide viriety of plant species, insects and birds are found their habitat in Mirijevo. As time passing by, the human population is incresing and urban tissue is expanding at the expense of green areas. There is a lack of planning in bulding process, so many green corridors are becoming defragmented and many species are loosing their habitat.

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''

'''Topography'''

Terrain in Mirijevo has valley shape, with highest countour of 200 m above see level. Lowest contour is at 100 m above see level, where the Mirijevo stream is situated. West-facing slopes and east-facing slopes are predominant.

'''Climate'''

Belgrade is characterized by a moderate continental climate with local varieties. The mean annual air temperature is 11.9 ° C, and at the town periphery and at higher altitudes around 11.0 ° C . January is the coldest month, with average temperature of 0.10 ° C. The hotest month is July with average temperature of 22.1° C. Belgrade has four seasons. Autumn is longer than spring, with longer sunny and warm periods - the so-called Indian summer. Winter is not so severe, with an average of 21 days with temperature below zero. Spring is short and rainy. Summer arrives abruptly. The average annual number of days with temperature higher than 30°C (the so called tropical days ) is 31 .

The characteristic wind directions in Belgrade are southeast and northwest. Southeast wind is known as '''Košava'''[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%A1ava_%28wind%29]] and it brings clear and dry weather. It mostly blows in autumn and winter, in 2-3 days intervals. The average speed of Košava is 25-43 km/h but certain strokes can reach up to 130 kmh. Košava is the largest air cleaner of Belgrade.

The average annual rainfall on Belgrade and its surroundings is around 670 mm. The rainiest months are May and June. October and August have the smallest amount of rainfall. The average annual insolation is 2.096 hours. The highest insolation of about 10 hours a day is in July and August, while December and January are the most cloudy, with insolation of 2 to 3 hours per day. The average number of snowy days is 27. Snow cover lasts from 30 to 44 days, and its average thickness is 14 to 25 cm.
Mean atmospheric pressure in Belgrade is 1001 millibars and mean relative humidity is 69.5%.

'''Soil'''

A typical soil in Belgrade is cambisol. Cambisols make good agricultural land. In temperate climates they are among the most productive soils on earth. Cambisols have good physical and chemical properties and they are more suitable for autochthonous species.

'''Vegetation'''

The Hungarian oak -Turkey oak forest (''Quercetum frainetto-cerris'' Rud.) is the most common forest type in Serbia. Characteristic associations for Belgrade are: ''Rusco- aculeati- Quercetum frainetto- cerris'', ''Quercetum frainetto- cerris virgilianae'', ''Quercetum cerris- virgilianae'', ''Salicetum albo- amygdalinae'' and ''Salicetum albae- fragilis'' (Sarić, 1997).
However, Mirijevo has wide variety of plant species, autochthonous as well as allohtonous. Landscape architects were very imaginative when they were making plant selection. I made a record of the woody plant species, but this record is incomplete (Table 1). Beside woody plants, wide variety of herbaceous plants are growing in Mirijevo.

*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Mirijevo_study site.png|Study site
Image:Drvenaste vrste u Mirijevu.png|Some of the woody species in Mirijevo
Image:yourimage.jpg|your visual
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Connectivity_Milena_png.png|Connectivity
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''Look again at the multiple benefits of green infrastructure - what could be achieved in your site and which are most relevant?''

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Green infrastructure has typically multiple functions. What could be achieved for your site in this respect?''

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Projective drawings_Milena.png|Potential landscape
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''100 words approx.''

== Image Gallery ==

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Green area near elementary school.jpg|Green area near elementary school
Image:Green area near elementary school_2.jpg|Green area near elementary school
Image:Green area near elementary school_3.jpg|Green area near elementary school
Image:Drenage cannal in school yard.jpg|Drainage canal in school yard
Image:Private garden.jpg|One of few existing private gardens in Mirijevo
Image:Grassland ecosystem.jpg|Grassland ecosystem in Mirijevo
Image:Grassland ecosystem_2.jpg|Grassland ecosystem in Mirijevo
Image:Garage rooftops.jpg|Garage rooftops
</gallery>

== References ==

*Bohn, Katrin and Andre Viljoen. The Edible City: Envisioning the Continuous Productive Urban Landscape (CPUL). Field Journal, Vol. 4 (1) Pp. 149-161.
*Sarić M. (1997): Vegetacija Srbije II Šumske zajednice 1, Srpska Akademija nauka i umetnosti, Beograd
*http://www.hidmet.gov.rs/
*http://www.jardins-familiaux.org/office/eng/eoffer.html

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Green Infrastructure 2014 Group K - Case Study 2

2014-11-29T12:20:14Z

Stefanoficm: /* References */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_K|working group K]]

'''''please add your title here'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Mirijevo''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Serbia''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Belgrade''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Milena Stefanovic''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Schol yard_Preview.jpg]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=44.78519470000001
|lng=20.538756799999987
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

Serbia [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia] is developing country situated at the crossroads between Central and Southeast Europe, covering the southern part of the Pannonian Plain and the central Balkans. Serbia has very favourable natural conditions (land and climate) for varied agricultural production. It produces mostly grains, fruits and vegetables which constitute a significant part of its GDP and exports. There has been in a sharp decline in agricultural activity since 1948, when almost three-quarters of the population engaged in farming, to the present one-quarter.

'''Mirijevo''' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirijevo]is an urban neighborhood of Belgrade, the capital of Republic of Serbia. It is part of Belgrade's municipality Zvezdara. Mirijevo is located around 7 km from city center on the eastern outskirts of Belgrade's urban zone. Mirijevo is residental neighborhood with plenty of green spaces and hiking trails. Mirijevo hasn't cycling trails. It has one food market where people can buy domestic and foreign products. Residents of Mirijevo are mostly families with children and older retired people. They enjoy hiking and gardening. Mirijevo has large potential for developing urban agriculture. Benefits would be significant contribution to fruit and vegetable requirements, reduction of energy used to distribute food, biodiversity enhacement and positive social and health impact.

== Author's perspective ==
I graduated landscape architecture and horticulture at Belgrade University. Now I'm working on my PhD Thesis at Institute for Biological Research in Belgrade, on Department for Ecology. For my PhD thesis, I do research on biodiversity of forest ecosystems. I am also interested in research on urban biodiversity.

I chose Mirijevo for my case study, because I have been living there for fourtheen years. When I first moved in 1990, Mirijevo was neighborhood with planty of green areas and rich biodiversity. A wide viriety of plant species, insects and birds are found their habitat in Mirijevo. As time passing by, the human population is incresing and urban tissue is expanding at the expense of green areas. There is a lack of planning in bulding process, so many green corridors are becoming defragmented and many species are loosing their habitat.

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''

'''Topography'''

Terrain in Mirijevo has valley shape, with highest countour of 200 m above see level. Lowest contour is at 100 m above see level, where the Mirijevo stream is situated. West-facing slopes and east-facing slopes are predominant.

'''Climate'''

Belgrade is characterized by a moderate continental climate with local varieties. The mean annual air temperature is 11.9 ° C, and at the town periphery and at higher altitudes around 11.0 ° C . January is the coldest month, with average temperature of 0.10 ° C. The hotest month is July with average temperature of 22.1° C. Belgrade has four seasons. Autumn is longer than spring, with longer sunny and warm periods - the so-called Indian summer. Winter is not so severe, with an average of 21 days with temperature below zero. Spring is short and rainy. Summer arrives abruptly. The average annual number of days with temperature higher than 30°C (the so called tropical days ) is 31 .

The characteristic wind directions in Belgrade are southeast and northwest. Southeast wind is known as '''Košava'''[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%A1ava_%28wind%29]] and it brings clear and dry weather. It mostly blows in autumn and winter, in 2-3 days intervals. The average speed of Košava is 25-43 km/h but certain strokes can reach up to 130 kmh. Košava is the largest air cleaner of Belgrade.

The average annual rainfall on Belgrade and its surroundings is around 670 mm. The rainiest months are May and June. October and August have the smallest amount of rainfall. The average annual insolation is 2.096 hours. The highest insolation of about 10 hours a day is in July and August, while December and January are the most cloudy, with insolation of 2 to 3 hours per day. The average number of snowy days is 27. Snow cover lasts from 30 to 44 days, and its average thickness is 14 to 25 cm.
Mean atmospheric pressure in Belgrade is 1001 millibars and mean relative humidity is 69.5%.

'''Soil'''

A typical soil in Belgrade is cambisol. Cambisols make good agricultural land. In temperate climates they are among the most productive soils on earth. Cambisols have good physical and chemical properties and they are more suitable for autochthonous species.

'''Vegetation'''

The Hungarian oak -Turkey oak forest (''Quercetum frainetto-cerris'' Rud.) is the most common forest type in Serbia. Characteristic associations for Belgrade are: ''Rusco- aculeati- Quercetum frainetto- cerris'', ''Quercetum frainetto- cerris virgilianae'', ''Quercetum cerris- virgilianae'', ''Salicetum albo- amygdalinae'' and ''Salicetum albae- fragilis'' (Sarić, 1997).
However, Mirijevo has wide variety of plant species, autochthonous as well as allohtonous. Landscape architects were very imaginative when they were making plant selection. I made a record of the woody plant species, but this record is incomplete (Table 1). Beside woody plants, wide variety of herbaceous plants are growing in Mirijevo.

*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Mirijevo_study site.png|Study site
Image:Drvenaste vrste u Mirijevu.png|Some of the woody species in Mirijevo
Image:yourimage.jpg|your visual
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Connectivity_Milena_png.png|Connectivity
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''Look again at the multiple benefits of green infrastructure - what could be achieved in your site and which are most relevant?''

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Green infrastructure has typically multiple functions. What could be achieved for your site in this respect?''

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Projective drawings_Milena.png|Potential landscape
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''100 words approx.''

== Image Gallery ==

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Green area near elementary school.jpg|Green area near elementary school
Image:Green area near elementary school_2.jpg|Green area near elementary school
Image:Green area near elementary school_3.jpg|Green area near elementary school
Image:Drenage cannal in school yard.jpg|Drainage canal in school yard
Image:Private garden.jpg|One of few existing private gardens in Mirijevo
Image:Grassland ecosystem.jpg|Grassland ecosystem in Mirijevo
Image:Grassland ecosystem_2.jpg|Grassland ecosystem in Mirijevo
Image:Garage rooftops.jpg|Garage rooftops
</gallery>

== References ==

*Bohn, Katrin and Andre Viljoen. The Edible City: Envisioning the Continuous Productive Urban Landscape (CPUL). Field Journal, Vol. 4 (1) Pp. 149-161.
*Sarić M. (1997): Vegetacija Srbije II Šumske zajednice 1, Srpska Akademija nauka i umetnosti, Beograd
*http://www.hidmet.gov.rs/

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Green Infrastructure 2014 Group K - Case Study 2

2014-11-29T12:16:00Z

Stefanoficm: /* References */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_K|working group K]]

'''''please add your title here'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Mirijevo''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Serbia''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Belgrade''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Milena Stefanovic''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Schol yard_Preview.jpg]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=44.78519470000001
|lng=20.538756799999987
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

Serbia [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia] is developing country situated at the crossroads between Central and Southeast Europe, covering the southern part of the Pannonian Plain and the central Balkans. Serbia has very favourable natural conditions (land and climate) for varied agricultural production. It produces mostly grains, fruits and vegetables which constitute a significant part of its GDP and exports. There has been in a sharp decline in agricultural activity since 1948, when almost three-quarters of the population engaged in farming, to the present one-quarter.

'''Mirijevo''' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirijevo]is an urban neighborhood of Belgrade, the capital of Republic of Serbia. It is part of Belgrade's municipality Zvezdara. Mirijevo is located around 7 km from city center on the eastern outskirts of Belgrade's urban zone. Mirijevo is residental neighborhood with plenty of green spaces and hiking trails. Mirijevo hasn't cycling trails. It has one food market where people can buy domestic and foreign products. Residents of Mirijevo are mostly families with children and older retired people. They enjoy hiking and gardening. Mirijevo has large potential for developing urban agriculture. Benefits would be significant contribution to fruit and vegetable requirements, reduction of energy used to distribute food, biodiversity enhacement and positive social and health impact.

== Author's perspective ==
I graduated landscape architecture and horticulture at Belgrade University. Now I'm working on my PhD Thesis at Institute for Biological Research in Belgrade, on Department for Ecology. For my PhD thesis, I do research on biodiversity of forest ecosystems. I am also interested in research on urban biodiversity.

I chose Mirijevo for my case study, because I have been living there for fourtheen years. When I first moved in 1990, Mirijevo was neighborhood with planty of green areas and rich biodiversity. A wide viriety of plant species, insects and birds are found their habitat in Mirijevo. As time passing by, the human population is incresing and urban tissue is expanding at the expense of green areas. There is a lack of planning in bulding process, so many green corridors are becoming defragmented and many species are loosing their habitat.

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''

'''Topography'''

Terrain in Mirijevo has valley shape, with highest countour of 200 m above see level. Lowest contour is at 100 m above see level, where the Mirijevo stream is situated. West-facing slopes and east-facing slopes are predominant.

'''Climate'''

Belgrade is characterized by a moderate continental climate with local varieties. The mean annual air temperature is 11.9 ° C, and at the town periphery and at higher altitudes around 11.0 ° C . January is the coldest month, with average temperature of 0.10 ° C. The hotest month is July with average temperature of 22.1° C. Belgrade has four seasons. Autumn is longer than spring, with longer sunny and warm periods - the so-called Indian summer. Winter is not so severe, with an average of 21 days with temperature below zero. Spring is short and rainy. Summer arrives abruptly. The average annual number of days with temperature higher than 30°C (the so called tropical days ) is 31 .

The characteristic wind directions in Belgrade are southeast and northwest. Southeast wind is known as '''Košava'''[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%A1ava_%28wind%29]] and it brings clear and dry weather. It mostly blows in autumn and winter, in 2-3 days intervals. The average speed of Košava is 25-43 km/h but certain strokes can reach up to 130 kmh. Košava is the largest air cleaner of Belgrade.

The average annual rainfall on Belgrade and its surroundings is around 670 mm. The rainiest months are May and June. October and August have the smallest amount of rainfall. The average annual insolation is 2.096 hours. The highest insolation of about 10 hours a day is in July and August, while December and January are the most cloudy, with insolation of 2 to 3 hours per day. The average number of snowy days is 27. Snow cover lasts from 30 to 44 days, and its average thickness is 14 to 25 cm.
Mean atmospheric pressure in Belgrade is 1001 millibars and mean relative humidity is 69.5%.

'''Soil'''

A typical soil in Belgrade is cambisol. Cambisols make good agricultural land. In temperate climates they are among the most productive soils on earth. Cambisols have good physical and chemical properties and they are more suitable for autochthonous species.

'''Vegetation'''

The Hungarian oak -Turkey oak forest (''Quercetum frainetto-cerris'' Rud.) is the most common forest type in Serbia. Characteristic associations for Belgrade are: ''Rusco- aculeati- Quercetum frainetto- cerris'', ''Quercetum frainetto- cerris virgilianae'', ''Quercetum cerris- virgilianae'', ''Salicetum albo- amygdalinae'' and ''Salicetum albae- fragilis'' (Sarić, 1997).
However, Mirijevo has wide variety of plant species, autochthonous as well as allohtonous. Landscape architects were very imaginative when they were making plant selection. I made a record of the woody plant species, but this record is incomplete (Table 1). Beside woody plants, wide variety of herbaceous plants are growing in Mirijevo.

*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Mirijevo_study site.png|Study site
Image:Drvenaste vrste u Mirijevu.png|Some of the woody species in Mirijevo
Image:yourimage.jpg|your visual
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Connectivity_Milena_png.png|Connectivity
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''Look again at the multiple benefits of green infrastructure - what could be achieved in your site and which are most relevant?''

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Green infrastructure has typically multiple functions. What could be achieved for your site in this respect?''

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Projective drawings_Milena.png|Potential landscape
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''100 words approx.''

== Image Gallery ==

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Green area near elementary school.jpg|Green area near elementary school
Image:Green area near elementary school_2.jpg|Green area near elementary school
Image:Green area near elementary school_3.jpg|Green area near elementary school
Image:Drenage cannal in school yard.jpg|Drainage canal in school yard
Image:Private garden.jpg|One of few existing private gardens in Mirijevo
Image:Grassland ecosystem.jpg|Grassland ecosystem in Mirijevo
Image:Grassland ecosystem_2.jpg|Grassland ecosystem in Mirijevo
Image:Garage rooftops.jpg|Garage rooftops
</gallery>

== References ==

*Bohn, Katrin and Andre Viljoen. The Edible City: Envisioning the Continuous Productive Urban Landscape (CPUL). Field Journal, Vol. 4 (1) Pp. 149-161.
*Sarić M. (1997): Vegetacija Srbije II Šumske zajednice 1, Srpska Akademija nauka i umetnosti, Beograd

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Green Infrastructure 2014 Group K - Case Study 2

2014-11-29T12:12:36Z

Stefanoficm: /* References */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_K|working group K]]

'''''please add your title here'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Mirijevo''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Serbia''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Belgrade''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Milena Stefanovic''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Schol yard_Preview.jpg]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=44.78519470000001
|lng=20.538756799999987
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

Serbia [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia] is developing country situated at the crossroads between Central and Southeast Europe, covering the southern part of the Pannonian Plain and the central Balkans. Serbia has very favourable natural conditions (land and climate) for varied agricultural production. It produces mostly grains, fruits and vegetables which constitute a significant part of its GDP and exports. There has been in a sharp decline in agricultural activity since 1948, when almost three-quarters of the population engaged in farming, to the present one-quarter.

'''Mirijevo''' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirijevo]is an urban neighborhood of Belgrade, the capital of Republic of Serbia. It is part of Belgrade's municipality Zvezdara. Mirijevo is located around 7 km from city center on the eastern outskirts of Belgrade's urban zone. Mirijevo is residental neighborhood with plenty of green spaces and hiking trails. Mirijevo hasn't cycling trails. It has one food market where people can buy domestic and foreign products. Residents of Mirijevo are mostly families with children and older retired people. They enjoy hiking and gardening. Mirijevo has large potential for developing urban agriculture. Benefits would be significant contribution to fruit and vegetable requirements, reduction of energy used to distribute food, biodiversity enhacement and positive social and health impact.

== Author's perspective ==
I graduated landscape architecture and horticulture at Belgrade University. Now I'm working on my PhD Thesis at Institute for Biological Research in Belgrade, on Department for Ecology. For my PhD thesis, I do research on biodiversity of forest ecosystems. I am also interested in research on urban biodiversity.

I chose Mirijevo for my case study, because I have been living there for fourtheen years. When I first moved in 1990, Mirijevo was neighborhood with planty of green areas and rich biodiversity. A wide viriety of plant species, insects and birds are found their habitat in Mirijevo. As time passing by, the human population is incresing and urban tissue is expanding at the expense of green areas. There is a lack of planning in bulding process, so many green corridors are becoming defragmented and many species are loosing their habitat.

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''

'''Topography'''

Terrain in Mirijevo has valley shape, with highest countour of 200 m above see level. Lowest contour is at 100 m above see level, where the Mirijevo stream is situated. West-facing slopes and east-facing slopes are predominant.

'''Climate'''

Belgrade is characterized by a moderate continental climate with local varieties. The mean annual air temperature is 11.9 ° C, and at the town periphery and at higher altitudes around 11.0 ° C . January is the coldest month, with average temperature of 0.10 ° C. The hotest month is July with average temperature of 22.1° C. Belgrade has four seasons. Autumn is longer than spring, with longer sunny and warm periods - the so-called Indian summer. Winter is not so severe, with an average of 21 days with temperature below zero. Spring is short and rainy. Summer arrives abruptly. The average annual number of days with temperature higher than 30°C (the so called tropical days ) is 31 .

The characteristic wind directions in Belgrade are southeast and northwest. Southeast wind is known as '''Košava'''[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%A1ava_%28wind%29]] and it brings clear and dry weather. It mostly blows in autumn and winter, in 2-3 days intervals. The average speed of Košava is 25-43 km/h but certain strokes can reach up to 130 kmh. Košava is the largest air cleaner of Belgrade.

The average annual rainfall on Belgrade and its surroundings is around 670 mm. The rainiest months are May and June. October and August have the smallest amount of rainfall. The average annual insolation is 2.096 hours. The highest insolation of about 10 hours a day is in July and August, while December and January are the most cloudy, with insolation of 2 to 3 hours per day. The average number of snowy days is 27. Snow cover lasts from 30 to 44 days, and its average thickness is 14 to 25 cm.
Mean atmospheric pressure in Belgrade is 1001 millibars and mean relative humidity is 69.5%.

'''Soil'''

A typical soil in Belgrade is cambisol. Cambisols make good agricultural land. In temperate climates they are among the most productive soils on earth. Cambisols have good physical and chemical properties and they are more suitable for autochthonous species.

'''Vegetation'''

The Hungarian oak -Turkey oak forest (''Quercetum frainetto-cerris'' Rud.) is the most common forest type in Serbia. Characteristic associations for Belgrade are: ''Rusco- aculeati- Quercetum frainetto- cerris'', ''Quercetum frainetto- cerris virgilianae'', ''Quercetum cerris- virgilianae'', ''Salicetum albo- amygdalinae'' and ''Salicetum albae- fragilis'' (Sarić, 1997).
However, Mirijevo has wide variety of plant species, autochthonous as well as allohtonous. Landscape architects were very imaginative when they were making plant selection. I made a record of the woody plant species, but this record is incomplete (Table 1). Beside woody plants, wide variety of herbaceous plants are growing in Mirijevo.

*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Mirijevo_study site.png|Study site
Image:Drvenaste vrste u Mirijevu.png|Some of the woody species in Mirijevo
Image:yourimage.jpg|your visual
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Connectivity_Milena_png.png|Connectivity
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''Look again at the multiple benefits of green infrastructure - what could be achieved in your site and which are most relevant?''

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Green infrastructure has typically multiple functions. What could be achieved for your site in this respect?''

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Projective drawings_Milena.png|Potential landscape
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''100 words approx.''

== Image Gallery ==

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Green area near elementary school.jpg|Green area near elementary school
Image:Green area near elementary school_2.jpg|Green area near elementary school
Image:Green area near elementary school_3.jpg|Green area near elementary school
Image:Drenage cannal in school yard.jpg|Drainage canal in school yard
Image:Private garden.jpg|One of few existing private gardens in Mirijevo
Image:Grassland ecosystem.jpg|Grassland ecosystem in Mirijevo
Image:Grassland ecosystem_2.jpg|Grassland ecosystem in Mirijevo
Image:Garage rooftops.jpg|Garage rooftops
</gallery>

== References ==

*''Sarić M. (1997): Vegetacija Srbije II Šumske zajednice 1, Srpska Akademija nauka i umetnosti, Beograd''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Green Infrastructure 2014 Group K - Case Study 2

2014-11-29T12:10:06Z

Stefanoficm: /* Analytical drawings */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_K|working group K]]

'''''please add your title here'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Mirijevo''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Serbia''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Belgrade''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Milena Stefanovic''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Schol yard_Preview.jpg]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=44.78519470000001
|lng=20.538756799999987
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

Serbia [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia] is developing country situated at the crossroads between Central and Southeast Europe, covering the southern part of the Pannonian Plain and the central Balkans. Serbia has very favourable natural conditions (land and climate) for varied agricultural production. It produces mostly grains, fruits and vegetables which constitute a significant part of its GDP and exports. There has been in a sharp decline in agricultural activity since 1948, when almost three-quarters of the population engaged in farming, to the present one-quarter.

'''Mirijevo''' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirijevo]is an urban neighborhood of Belgrade, the capital of Republic of Serbia. It is part of Belgrade's municipality Zvezdara. Mirijevo is located around 7 km from city center on the eastern outskirts of Belgrade's urban zone. Mirijevo is residental neighborhood with plenty of green spaces and hiking trails. Mirijevo hasn't cycling trails. It has one food market where people can buy domestic and foreign products. Residents of Mirijevo are mostly families with children and older retired people. They enjoy hiking and gardening. Mirijevo has large potential for developing urban agriculture. Benefits would be significant contribution to fruit and vegetable requirements, reduction of energy used to distribute food, biodiversity enhacement and positive social and health impact.

== Author's perspective ==
I graduated landscape architecture and horticulture at Belgrade University. Now I'm working on my PhD Thesis at Institute for Biological Research in Belgrade, on Department for Ecology. For my PhD thesis, I do research on biodiversity of forest ecosystems. I am also interested in research on urban biodiversity.

I chose Mirijevo for my case study, because I have been living there for fourtheen years. When I first moved in 1990, Mirijevo was neighborhood with planty of green areas and rich biodiversity. A wide viriety of plant species, insects and birds are found their habitat in Mirijevo. As time passing by, the human population is incresing and urban tissue is expanding at the expense of green areas. There is a lack of planning in bulding process, so many green corridors are becoming defragmented and many species are loosing their habitat.

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''

'''Topography'''

Terrain in Mirijevo has valley shape, with highest countour of 200 m above see level. Lowest contour is at 100 m above see level, where the Mirijevo stream is situated. West-facing slopes and east-facing slopes are predominant.

'''Climate'''

Belgrade is characterized by a moderate continental climate with local varieties. The mean annual air temperature is 11.9 ° C, and at the town periphery and at higher altitudes around 11.0 ° C . January is the coldest month, with average temperature of 0.10 ° C. The hotest month is July with average temperature of 22.1° C. Belgrade has four seasons. Autumn is longer than spring, with longer sunny and warm periods - the so-called Indian summer. Winter is not so severe, with an average of 21 days with temperature below zero. Spring is short and rainy. Summer arrives abruptly. The average annual number of days with temperature higher than 30°C (the so called tropical days ) is 31 .

The characteristic wind directions in Belgrade are southeast and northwest. Southeast wind is known as '''Košava'''[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%A1ava_%28wind%29]] and it brings clear and dry weather. It mostly blows in autumn and winter, in 2-3 days intervals. The average speed of Košava is 25-43 km/h but certain strokes can reach up to 130 kmh. Košava is the largest air cleaner of Belgrade.

The average annual rainfall on Belgrade and its surroundings is around 670 mm. The rainiest months are May and June. October and August have the smallest amount of rainfall. The average annual insolation is 2.096 hours. The highest insolation of about 10 hours a day is in July and August, while December and January are the most cloudy, with insolation of 2 to 3 hours per day. The average number of snowy days is 27. Snow cover lasts from 30 to 44 days, and its average thickness is 14 to 25 cm.
Mean atmospheric pressure in Belgrade is 1001 millibars and mean relative humidity is 69.5%.

'''Soil'''

A typical soil in Belgrade is cambisol. Cambisols make good agricultural land. In temperate climates they are among the most productive soils on earth. Cambisols have good physical and chemical properties and they are more suitable for autochthonous species.

'''Vegetation'''

The Hungarian oak -Turkey oak forest (''Quercetum frainetto-cerris'' Rud.) is the most common forest type in Serbia. Characteristic associations for Belgrade are: ''Rusco- aculeati- Quercetum frainetto- cerris'', ''Quercetum frainetto- cerris virgilianae'', ''Quercetum cerris- virgilianae'', ''Salicetum albo- amygdalinae'' and ''Salicetum albae- fragilis'' (Sarić, 1997).
However, Mirijevo has wide variety of plant species, autochthonous as well as allohtonous. Landscape architects were very imaginative when they were making plant selection. I made a record of the woody plant species, but this record is incomplete (Table 1). Beside woody plants, wide variety of herbaceous plants are growing in Mirijevo.

*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Mirijevo_study site.png|Study site
Image:Drvenaste vrste u Mirijevu.png|Some of the woody species in Mirijevo
Image:yourimage.jpg|your visual
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Connectivity_Milena_png.png|Connectivity
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''Look again at the multiple benefits of green infrastructure - what could be achieved in your site and which are most relevant?''

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Green infrastructure has typically multiple functions. What could be achieved for your site in this respect?''

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Projective drawings_Milena.png|Potential landscape
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''100 words approx.''

== Image Gallery ==

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Green area near elementary school.jpg|Green area near elementary school
Image:Green area near elementary school_2.jpg|Green area near elementary school
Image:Green area near elementary school_3.jpg|Green area near elementary school
Image:Drenage cannal in school yard.jpg|Drainage canal in school yard
Image:Private garden.jpg|One of few existing private gardens in Mirijevo
Image:Grassland ecosystem.jpg|Grassland ecosystem in Mirijevo
Image:Grassland ecosystem_2.jpg|Grassland ecosystem in Mirijevo
Image:Garage rooftops.jpg|Garage rooftops
</gallery>

== References ==

*''please add your references here''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

File:Connectivity Milena png.png

2014-11-29T12:09:00Z

Stefanoficm: This image shows green and blue areas in the vicinity of study site. It is important to connect them with green corridors, so they can make functional system. For wildlife protection, such corridors should be 20 m wide (Austin, 2014), although further...

This image shows green and blue areas in the vicinity of study site. It is important to connect them with green corridors, so they can make functional system. For wildlife protection, such corridors should be 20 m wide (Austin, 2014), although further studies need to be carried out to examine feasibility.

File:Connectivity wider context png.png

2014-11-29T12:03:43Z

Stefanoficm: Stefanoficm uploaded a new version of "File:Connectivity wider context png.png"

Green Infrastructure 2014 Group K - Case Study 2

2014-11-29T11:54:24Z

Stefanoficm: /* Landscape and/or urban context of your case */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_K|working group K]]

'''''please add your title here'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Mirijevo''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Serbia''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Belgrade''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Milena Stefanovic''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Schol yard_Preview.jpg]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=44.78519470000001
|lng=20.538756799999987
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

Serbia [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia] is developing country situated at the crossroads between Central and Southeast Europe, covering the southern part of the Pannonian Plain and the central Balkans. Serbia has very favourable natural conditions (land and climate) for varied agricultural production. It produces mostly grains, fruits and vegetables which constitute a significant part of its GDP and exports. There has been in a sharp decline in agricultural activity since 1948, when almost three-quarters of the population engaged in farming, to the present one-quarter.

'''Mirijevo''' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirijevo]is an urban neighborhood of Belgrade, the capital of Republic of Serbia. It is part of Belgrade's municipality Zvezdara. Mirijevo is located around 7 km from city center on the eastern outskirts of Belgrade's urban zone. Mirijevo is residental neighborhood with plenty of green spaces and hiking trails. Mirijevo hasn't cycling trails. It has one food market where people can buy domestic and foreign products. Residents of Mirijevo are mostly families with children and older retired people. They enjoy hiking and gardening. Mirijevo has large potential for developing urban agriculture. Benefits would be significant contribution to fruit and vegetable requirements, reduction of energy used to distribute food, biodiversity enhacement and positive social and health impact.

== Author's perspective ==
I graduated landscape architecture and horticulture at Belgrade University. Now I'm working on my PhD Thesis at Institute for Biological Research in Belgrade, on Department for Ecology. For my PhD thesis, I do research on biodiversity of forest ecosystems. I am also interested in research on urban biodiversity.

I chose Mirijevo for my case study, because I have been living there for fourtheen years. When I first moved in 1990, Mirijevo was neighborhood with planty of green areas and rich biodiversity. A wide viriety of plant species, insects and birds are found their habitat in Mirijevo. As time passing by, the human population is incresing and urban tissue is expanding at the expense of green areas. There is a lack of planning in bulding process, so many green corridors are becoming defragmented and many species are loosing their habitat.

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''

'''Topography'''

Terrain in Mirijevo has valley shape, with highest countour of 200 m above see level. Lowest contour is at 100 m above see level, where the Mirijevo stream is situated. West-facing slopes and east-facing slopes are predominant.

'''Climate'''

Belgrade is characterized by a moderate continental climate with local varieties. The mean annual air temperature is 11.9 ° C, and at the town periphery and at higher altitudes around 11.0 ° C . January is the coldest month, with average temperature of 0.10 ° C. The hotest month is July with average temperature of 22.1° C. Belgrade has four seasons. Autumn is longer than spring, with longer sunny and warm periods - the so-called Indian summer. Winter is not so severe, with an average of 21 days with temperature below zero. Spring is short and rainy. Summer arrives abruptly. The average annual number of days with temperature higher than 30°C (the so called tropical days ) is 31 .

The characteristic wind directions in Belgrade are southeast and northwest. Southeast wind is known as '''Košava'''[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%A1ava_%28wind%29]] and it brings clear and dry weather. It mostly blows in autumn and winter, in 2-3 days intervals. The average speed of Košava is 25-43 km/h but certain strokes can reach up to 130 kmh. Košava is the largest air cleaner of Belgrade.

The average annual rainfall on Belgrade and its surroundings is around 670 mm. The rainiest months are May and June. October and August have the smallest amount of rainfall. The average annual insolation is 2.096 hours. The highest insolation of about 10 hours a day is in July and August, while December and January are the most cloudy, with insolation of 2 to 3 hours per day. The average number of snowy days is 27. Snow cover lasts from 30 to 44 days, and its average thickness is 14 to 25 cm.
Mean atmospheric pressure in Belgrade is 1001 millibars and mean relative humidity is 69.5%.

'''Soil'''

A typical soil in Belgrade is cambisol. Cambisols make good agricultural land. In temperate climates they are among the most productive soils on earth. Cambisols have good physical and chemical properties and they are more suitable for autochthonous species.

'''Vegetation'''

The Hungarian oak -Turkey oak forest (''Quercetum frainetto-cerris'' Rud.) is the most common forest type in Serbia. Characteristic associations for Belgrade are: ''Rusco- aculeati- Quercetum frainetto- cerris'', ''Quercetum frainetto- cerris virgilianae'', ''Quercetum cerris- virgilianae'', ''Salicetum albo- amygdalinae'' and ''Salicetum albae- fragilis'' (Sarić, 1997).
However, Mirijevo has wide variety of plant species, autochthonous as well as allohtonous. Landscape architects were very imaginative when they were making plant selection. I made a record of the woody plant species, but this record is incomplete (Table 1). Beside woody plants, wide variety of herbaceous plants are growing in Mirijevo.

*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Mirijevo_study site.png|Study site
Image:Drvenaste vrste u Mirijevu.png|Some of the woody species in Mirijevo
Image:yourimage.jpg|your visual
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Connectivity wider context png.png|Connectivity
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''Look again at the multiple benefits of green infrastructure - what could be achieved in your site and which are most relevant?''

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Green infrastructure has typically multiple functions. What could be achieved for your site in this respect?''

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Projective drawings_Milena.png|Potential landscape
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''100 words approx.''

== Image Gallery ==

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Green area near elementary school.jpg|Green area near elementary school
Image:Green area near elementary school_2.jpg|Green area near elementary school
Image:Green area near elementary school_3.jpg|Green area near elementary school
Image:Drenage cannal in school yard.jpg|Drainage canal in school yard
Image:Private garden.jpg|One of few existing private gardens in Mirijevo
Image:Grassland ecosystem.jpg|Grassland ecosystem in Mirijevo
Image:Grassland ecosystem_2.jpg|Grassland ecosystem in Mirijevo
Image:Garage rooftops.jpg|Garage rooftops
</gallery>

== References ==

*''please add your references here''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Green Infrastructure 2014 Group K - Case Study 2

2014-11-29T11:52:19Z

Stefanoficm: /* Landscape and/or urban context of your case */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_K|working group K]]

'''''please add your title here'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Mirijevo''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Serbia''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Belgrade''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Milena Stefanovic''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Schol yard_Preview.jpg]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=44.78519470000001
|lng=20.538756799999987
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

Serbia [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia] is developing country situated at the crossroads between Central and Southeast Europe, covering the southern part of the Pannonian Plain and the central Balkans. Serbia has very favourable natural conditions (land and climate) for varied agricultural production. It produces mostly grains, fruits and vegetables which constitute a significant part of its GDP and exports. There has been in a sharp decline in agricultural activity since 1948, when almost three-quarters of the population engaged in farming, to the present one-quarter.

'''Mirijevo''' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirijevo]is an urban neighborhood of Belgrade, the capital of Republic of Serbia. It is part of Belgrade's municipality Zvezdara. Mirijevo is located around 7 km from city center on the eastern outskirts of Belgrade's urban zone. Mirijevo is residental neighborhood with plenty of green spaces and hiking trails. Mirijevo hasn't cycling trails. It has one food market where people can buy domestic and foreign products. Residents of Mirijevo are mostly families with children and older retired people. They enjoy hiking and gardening. Mirijevo has large potential for developing urban agriculture. Benefits would be significant contribution to fruit and vegetable requirements, reduction of energy used to distribute food, biodiversity enhacement and positive social and health impact.

== Author's perspective ==
I graduated landscape architecture and horticulture at Belgrade University. Now I'm working on my PhD Thesis at Institute for Biological Research in Belgrade, on Department for Ecology. For my PhD thesis, I do research on biodiversity of forest ecosystems. I am also interested in research on urban biodiversity.

I chose Mirijevo for my case study, because I have been living there for fourtheen years. When I first moved in 1990, Mirijevo was neighborhood with planty of green areas and rich biodiversity. A wide viriety of plant species, insects and birds are found their habitat in Mirijevo. As time passing by, the human population is incresing and urban tissue is expanding at the expense of green areas. There is a lack of planning in bulding process, so many green corridors are becoming defragmented and many species are loosing their habitat.

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''

'''Topography'''

Terrain in Mirijevo has valley shape, with highest countour of 200 m above see level. Lowest contour is at 100 m above see level, where the Mirijevo stream is situated. West-facing slopes and east-facing slopes are predominant.

'''Climate'''

Belgrade is characterized by a moderate continental climate with local varieties. The mean annual air temperature is 11.9 ° C, and at the town periphery and at higher altitudes around 11.0 ° C . January is the coldest month, with average temperature of 0.10 ° C. The hotest month is July with average temperature of 22.1° C. Belgrade has four seasons. Autumn is longer than spring, with longer sunny and warm periods - the so-called Indian summer. Winter is not so severe, with an average of 21 days with temperature below zero. Spring is short and rainy. Summer arrives abruptly. The average annual number of days with temperature higher than 30°C (the so called tropical days ) is 31 .

The characteristic wind directions in Belgrade are southeast and northwest. Southeast wind is known as '''Košava'''[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%A1ava_%28wind%29]] and it brings clear and dry weather. It mostly blows in autumn and winter, in 2-3 days intervals. The average speed of Košava is 25-43 km/h but certain strokes can reach up to 130 kmh. Košava is the largest air cleaner of Belgrade.

The average annual rainfall on Belgrade and its surroundings is around 670 mm. The rainiest months are May and June. October and August have the smallest amount of rainfall. The average annual insolation is 2.096 hours. The highest insolation of about 10 hours a day is in July and August, while December and January are the most cloudy, with insolation of 2 to 3 hours per day. The average number of snowy days is 27. Snow cover lasts from 30 to 44 days, and its average thickness is 14 to 25 cm.
Mean atmospheric pressure in Belgrade is 1001 millibars and mean relative humidity is 69.5%.

'''Soil'''

A typical soil in Belgrade is cambisol. Cambisols make good agricultural land. In temperate climates they are among the most productive soils on earth. Cambisols have good physical and chemical properties and they are more suitable for autochthonous species.

'''Vegetation'''

The Hungarian oak -Turkey oak forest (''Quercetum frainetto-cerris'' Rud.) is the most common forest type in Serbia. Characteristic associations for Belgrade are: ''Rusco- aculeati- Quercetum frainetto- cerris'', ''Quercetum frainetto- cerris virgilianae'', ''Quercetum cerris- virgilianae'', ''Salicetum albo- amygdalinae'' and ''Salicetum albae- fragilis'' (Sarić, 1997).
However, Mirijevo has wide variety of plant species, autochthonous as well as allohtonous. Landscape architects were very imaginative when they were making plant selection. I made a record of the woody plant species, but this record is not complete (Table 1). Beside woody plants, wide variety of herbaceous plants is growing in Mirijevo.

*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Mirijevo_study site.png|Study site
Image:Drvenaste vrste u Mirijevu.png|Some of the woody species in Mirijevo
Image:yourimage.jpg|your visual
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Connectivity wider context png.png|Connectivity
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''Look again at the multiple benefits of green infrastructure - what could be achieved in your site and which are most relevant?''

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Green infrastructure has typically multiple functions. What could be achieved for your site in this respect?''

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Projective drawings_Milena.png|Potential landscape
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''100 words approx.''

== Image Gallery ==

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Green area near elementary school.jpg|Green area near elementary school
Image:Green area near elementary school_2.jpg|Green area near elementary school
Image:Green area near elementary school_3.jpg|Green area near elementary school
Image:Drenage cannal in school yard.jpg|Drainage canal in school yard
Image:Private garden.jpg|One of few existing private gardens in Mirijevo
Image:Grassland ecosystem.jpg|Grassland ecosystem in Mirijevo
Image:Grassland ecosystem_2.jpg|Grassland ecosystem in Mirijevo
Image:Garage rooftops.jpg|Garage rooftops
</gallery>

== References ==

*''please add your references here''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Green Infrastructure 2014 Group K - Case Study 2

2014-11-29T11:39:32Z

Stefanoficm: /* Landscape and/or urban context of your case */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_K|working group K]]

'''''please add your title here'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Mirijevo''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Serbia''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Belgrade''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Milena Stefanovic''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Schol yard_Preview.jpg]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=44.78519470000001
|lng=20.538756799999987
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

Serbia [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia] is developing country situated at the crossroads between Central and Southeast Europe, covering the southern part of the Pannonian Plain and the central Balkans. Serbia has very favourable natural conditions (land and climate) for varied agricultural production. It produces mostly grains, fruits and vegetables which constitute a significant part of its GDP and exports. There has been in a sharp decline in agricultural activity since 1948, when almost three-quarters of the population engaged in farming, to the present one-quarter.

'''Mirijevo''' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirijevo]is an urban neighborhood of Belgrade, the capital of Republic of Serbia. It is part of Belgrade's municipality Zvezdara. Mirijevo is located around 7 km from city center on the eastern outskirts of Belgrade's urban zone. Mirijevo is residental neighborhood with plenty of green spaces and hiking trails. Mirijevo hasn't cycling trails. It has one food market where people can buy domestic and foreign products. Residents of Mirijevo are mostly families with children and older retired people. They enjoy hiking and gardening. Mirijevo has large potential for developing urban agriculture. Benefits would be significant contribution to fruit and vegetable requirements, reduction of energy used to distribute food, biodiversity enhacement and positive social and health impact.

== Author's perspective ==
I graduated landscape architecture and horticulture at Belgrade University. Now I'm working on my PhD Thesis at Institute for Biological Research in Belgrade, on Department for Ecology. For my PhD thesis, I do research on biodiversity of forest ecosystems. I am also interested in research on urban biodiversity.

I chose Mirijevo for my case study, because I have been living there for fourtheen years. When I first moved in 1990, Mirijevo was neighborhood with planty of green areas and rich biodiversity. A wide viriety of plant species, insects and birds are found their habitat in Mirijevo. As time passing by, the human population is incresing and urban tissue is expanding at the expense of green areas. There is a lack of planning in bulding process, so many green corridors are becoming defragmented and many species are loosing their habitat.

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''

'''Topography'''

Terrain in Mirijevo has valley shape, with highest countour of 200 m above see level. Lowest contour is at 100 m above see level, where the Mirijevo stream is situated. West-facing slopes and east-facing slopes are predominant.

'''Climate'''

Belgrade is characterized by a moderate continental climate with local varieties. The mean annual air temperature is 11.9 ° C, and at the town periphery and at higher altitudes around 11.0 ° C . January is the coldest month, with average temperature of 0.10 ° C. The hotest month is July with average temperature of 22.1° C. Belgrade has four seasons. Autumn is longer than spring, with longer sunny and warm periods - the so-called Indian summer. Winter is not so severe, with an average of 21 days with temperature below zero. Spring is short and rainy. Summer arrives abruptly. The average annual number of days with temperature higher than 30°C (the so called tropical days ) is 31 .

The characteristic wind directions in Belgrade are southeast and northwest. Southeast wind is known as Košava and it brings clear and dry weather. It mostly blows in autumn and winter, in 2-3 days intervals. The average speed of Košava is 25-43 km/h but certain strokes can reach up to 130 kmh. Košava is the largest air cleaner of Belgrade.

The average annual rainfall on Belgrade and its surroundings is around 670 mm. The rainiest months are May and June. October and August have the smallest amount of rainfall. The average annual insolation is 2.096 hours. The highest insolation of about 10 hours a day is in July and August, while December and January are the most cloudy, with insolation of 2 to 3 hours per day. The average number of snowy days is 27. Snow cover lasts from 30 to 44 days, and its average thickness is 14 to 25 cm.
Mean atmospheric pressure in Belgrade is 1001 millibars and mean relative humidity is 69.5%.

'''Soil'''

A typical soil in Belgrade is cambisol. Cambisols make good agricultural land. In temperate climates they are among the most productive soils on earth. Cambisols have good physical and chemical properties and they are more suitable for autochthonous species.

'''Vegetation'''

The Hungarian oak -Turkey oak forest (''Quercetum frainetto-cerris'' Rud.) is the most common forest type in Serbia. Characteristic associations for Belgrade are: ''Rusco- aculeati- Quercetum frainetto- cerris'', ''Quercetum frainetto- cerris virgilianae'', ''Quercetum cerris- virgilianae'', ''Salicetum albo- amygdalinae'' and ''Salicetum albae- fragilis'' (Sarić, 1997).
However, Mirijevo has wide variety of plant species, autochthonous as well as allohtonous. Landscape architects were very imaginative when they were making plant selection. I made a record of the woody plant species, but this record is not complete (Table 1). Beside woody plants, wide variety of herbaceous plants is growing in Mirijevo.

*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Mirijevo_study site.png|Study site
Image:Drvenaste vrste u Mirijevu.png|Some of the woody species in Mirijevo
Image:yourimage.jpg|your visual
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Connectivity wider context png.png|Connectivity
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''Look again at the multiple benefits of green infrastructure - what could be achieved in your site and which are most relevant?''

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Green infrastructure has typically multiple functions. What could be achieved for your site in this respect?''

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Projective drawings_Milena.png|Potential landscape
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''100 words approx.''

== Image Gallery ==

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Green area near elementary school.jpg|Green area near elementary school
Image:Green area near elementary school_2.jpg|Green area near elementary school
Image:Green area near elementary school_3.jpg|Green area near elementary school
Image:Drenage cannal in school yard.jpg|Drainage canal in school yard
Image:Private garden.jpg|One of few existing private gardens in Mirijevo
Image:Grassland ecosystem.jpg|Grassland ecosystem in Mirijevo
Image:Grassland ecosystem_2.jpg|Grassland ecosystem in Mirijevo
Image:Garage rooftops.jpg|Garage rooftops
</gallery>

== References ==

*''please add your references here''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

File:Drvenaste vrste u Mirijevu.png

2014-11-29T11:35:39Z

Stefanoficm: This list of woody species in Mirijevo is incomplite. Besides, wide variety of grasses, crops and ornamental plants are growing in Mirijevo.

This list of woody species in Mirijevo is incomplite. Besides, wide variety of grasses, crops and ornamental plants are growing in Mirijevo.

Green Infrastructure 2014 Group K - Case Study 2

2014-11-29T11:30:16Z

Stefanoficm: /* Landscape and/or urban context of your case */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_K|working group K]]

'''''please add your title here'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Mirijevo''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Serbia''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Belgrade''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Milena Stefanovic''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Schol yard_Preview.jpg]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=44.78519470000001
|lng=20.538756799999987
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

Serbia [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia] is developing country situated at the crossroads between Central and Southeast Europe, covering the southern part of the Pannonian Plain and the central Balkans. Serbia has very favourable natural conditions (land and climate) for varied agricultural production. It produces mostly grains, fruits and vegetables which constitute a significant part of its GDP and exports. There has been in a sharp decline in agricultural activity since 1948, when almost three-quarters of the population engaged in farming, to the present one-quarter.

'''Mirijevo''' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirijevo]is an urban neighborhood of Belgrade, the capital of Republic of Serbia. It is part of Belgrade's municipality Zvezdara. Mirijevo is located around 7 km from city center on the eastern outskirts of Belgrade's urban zone. Mirijevo is residental neighborhood with plenty of green spaces and hiking trails. Mirijevo hasn't cycling trails. It has one food market where people can buy domestic and foreign products. Residents of Mirijevo are mostly families with children and older retired people. They enjoy hiking and gardening. Mirijevo has large potential for developing urban agriculture. Benefits would be significant contribution to fruit and vegetable requirements, reduction of energy used to distribute food, biodiversity enhacement and positive social and health impact.

== Author's perspective ==
I graduated landscape architecture and horticulture at Belgrade University. Now I'm working on my PhD Thesis at Institute for Biological Research in Belgrade, on Department for Ecology. For my PhD thesis, I do research on biodiversity of forest ecosystems. I am also interested in research on urban biodiversity.

I chose Mirijevo for my case study, because I have been living there for fourtheen years. When I first moved in 1990, Mirijevo was neighborhood with planty of green areas and rich biodiversity. A wide viriety of plant species, insects and birds are found their habitat in Mirijevo. As time passing by, the human population is incresing and urban tissue is expanding at the expense of green areas. There is a lack of planning in bulding process, so many green corridors are becoming defragmented and many species are loosing their habitat.

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''

'''Topography'''

Terrain in Mirijevo has valley shape, with highest countour of 200 m above see level. Lowest contour is at 100 m above see level, where the Mirijevo stream is situated. West-facing slopes and east-facing slopes are predominant.

'''Climate'''

Belgrade is characterized by a moderate continental climate with local varieties. The mean annual air temperature is 11.9 ° C, and at the town periphery and at higher altitudes around 11.0 ° C . January is the coldest month, with average temperature of 0.10 ° C. The hotest month is July with average temperature of 22.1° C. Belgrade has four seasons. Autumn is longer than spring, with longer sunny and warm periods - the so-called Indian summer. Winter is not so severe, with an average of 21 days with temperature below zero. Spring is short and rainy. Summer arrives abruptly. The average annual number of days with temperature higher than 30°C (the so called tropical days ) is 31 .

The characteristic wind directions in Belgrade are southeast and northwest. Southeast wind is known as Košava and it brings clear and dry weather. It mostly blows in autumn and winter, in 2-3 days intervals. The average speed of Košava is 25-43 km/h but certain strokes can reach up to 130 kmh. Košava is the largest air cleaner of Belgrade.

The average annual rainfall on Belgrade and its surroundings is around 670 mm. The rainiest months are May and June. October and August have the smallest amount of rainfall. The average annual insolation is 2.096 hours. The highest insolation of about 10 hours a day is in July and August, while December and January are the most cloudy, with insolation of 2 to 3 hours per day. The average number of snowy days is 27. Snow cover lasts from 30 to 44 days, and its average thickness is 14 to 25 cm.
Mean atmospheric pressure in Belgrade is 1001 millibars and mean relative humidity is 69.5%.

'''Soil'''

A typical soil in Belgrade is cambisol. Cambisols make good agricultural land. In temperate climates they are among the most productive soils on earth. Cambisols have good physical and chemical properties and they are more suitable for autochthonous species.

'''Vegetation'''

The Hungarian oak -Turkey oak forest (''Quercetum frainetto-cerris'' Rud.) is the most common forest type in Serbia. Characteristic associations for Belgrade are: ''Rusco- aculeati- Quercetum frainetto- cerris'', ''Quercetum frainetto- cerris virgilianae'', ''Quercetum cerris- virgilianae'', ''Salicetum albo- amygdalinae'' and ''Salicetum albae- fragilis'' (Sarić, 1997).
However, Mirijevo has wide variety of plant species, autochthonous as well as allohtonous. Landscape architects were very imaginative when they were making plant selection. I made a record of the woody plant species, but this record is not complete (Table 1). Beside woody plants, wide variety of herbaceous plants is growing in Mirijevo.

*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Mirijevo_study site.png|Study site
Image:.jpg|your visual
Image:yourimage.jpg|your visual
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Connectivity wider context png.png|Connectivity
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''Look again at the multiple benefits of green infrastructure - what could be achieved in your site and which are most relevant?''

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Green infrastructure has typically multiple functions. What could be achieved for your site in this respect?''

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Projective drawings_Milena.png|Potential landscape
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''100 words approx.''

== Image Gallery ==

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Green area near elementary school.jpg|Green area near elementary school
Image:Green area near elementary school_2.jpg|Green area near elementary school
Image:Green area near elementary school_3.jpg|Green area near elementary school
Image:Drenage cannal in school yard.jpg|Drainage canal in school yard
Image:Private garden.jpg|One of few existing private gardens in Mirijevo
Image:Grassland ecosystem.jpg|Grassland ecosystem in Mirijevo
Image:Grassland ecosystem_2.jpg|Grassland ecosystem in Mirijevo
Image:Garage rooftops.jpg|Garage rooftops
</gallery>

== References ==

*''please add your references here''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Green Infrastructure 2014 Group K - Case Study 2

2014-11-28T16:14:28Z

Stefanoficm:

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_K|working group K]]

'''''please add your title here'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Mirijevo''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Serbia''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Belgrade''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Milena Stefanovic''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Schol yard_Preview.jpg]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=44.78519470000001
|lng=20.538756799999987
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

Serbia [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia] is developing country situated at the crossroads between Central and Southeast Europe, covering the southern part of the Pannonian Plain and the central Balkans. Serbia has very favourable natural conditions (land and climate) for varied agricultural production. It produces mostly grains, fruits and vegetables which constitute a significant part of its GDP and exports. There has been in a sharp decline in agricultural activity since 1948, when almost three-quarters of the population engaged in farming, to the present one-quarter.

'''Mirijevo''' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirijevo]is an urban neighborhood of Belgrade, the capital of Republic of Serbia. It is part of Belgrade's municipality Zvezdara. Mirijevo is located around 7 km from city center on the eastern outskirts of Belgrade's urban zone. Mirijevo is residental neighborhood with plenty of green spaces and hiking trails. Mirijevo hasn't cycling trails. It has one food market where people can buy domestic and foreign products. Residents of Mirijevo are mostly families with children and older retired people. They enjoy hiking and gardening. Mirijevo has large potential for developing urban agriculture. Benefits would be significant contribution to fruit and vegetable requirements, reduction of energy used to distribute food, biodiversity enhacement and positive social and health impact.

== Author's perspective ==
I graduated landscape architecture and horticulture at Belgrade University. Now I'm working on my PhD Thesis at Institute for Biological Research in Belgrade, on Department for Ecology. For my PhD thesis, I do research on biodiversity of forest ecosystems. I am also interested in research on urban biodiversity.

I chose Mirijevo for my case study, because I have been living there for fourtheen years. When I first moved in 1990, Mirijevo was neighborhood with planty of green areas and rich biodiversity. A wide viriety of plant species, insects and birds are found their habitat in Mirijevo. As time passing by, the human population is incresing and urban tissue is expanding at the expense of green areas. There is a lack of planning in bulding process, so many green corridors are becoming defragmented and many species are loosing their habitat.

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''
*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

'''Topography'''

Terrain in Mirijevo has valley shape, with highest countour of 200 m above see level. Lowest contour is at 100 m above see level, where the Mirijevo stream is situated. West-facing slopes and east-facing slopes are predominant.

'''Climate'''

Belgrade is characterized by a moderate continental climate with local varieties. The mean annual air temperature is 11.9 ° C, and at the town periphery and at higher altitudes around 11.0 ° C . January is the coldest month, with average temperature of 0.10 ° C. The hotest month is July with average temperature of 22.1° C. Belgrade has four seasons. Autumn is longer than spring, with longer sunny and warm periods - the so-called Indian summer. Winter is not so severe, with an average of 21 days with temperature below zero. Spring is short and rainy. Summer arrives abruptly. The average annual number of days with temperature higher than 30°C (the so called tropical days ) is 31 .

The characteristic wind directions in Belgrade are southeast and northwest. Southeast wind is known as Košava and it brings clear and dry weather. It mostly blows in autumn and winter, in 2-3 days intervals. The average speed of Košava is 25-43 km/h but certain strokes can reach up to 130 kmh. Košava is the largest air cleaner of Belgrade.

The average annual rainfall on Belgrade and its surroundings is around 670 mm. The rainiest months are May and June. October and August have the smallest amount of rainfall. The average annual insolation is 2.096 hours. The highest insolation of about 10 hours a day is in July and August, while December and January are the most cloudy, with insolation of 2 to 3 hours per day. The average number of snowy days is 27. Snow cover lasts from 30 to 44 days, and its average thickness is 14 to 25 cm.
Mean atmospheric pressure in Belgrade is 1001 millibars and mean relative humidity is 69.5%.

'''Soil'''

A typical soil in Belgrade is cambisol. Cambisols make good agricultural land. In temperate climates they are among the most productive soils on earth. Cambisols have good physical and chemical properties and they are more suitable for autochthonous species.

'''Vegetation'''

The Hungarian oak -Turkey oak forest (''Quercetum frainetto-cerris'' Rud.) is the most common forest type in Serbia. Characteristic associations for Belgrade are: ''Rusco- aculeati- Quercetum frainetto- cerris'', ''Quercetum frainetto- cerris virgilianae'', ''Quercetum cerris- virgilianae'', ''Salicetum albo- amygdalinae'' and ''Salicetum albae- fragilis''.
However, Mirijevo has wide variety of plant species, autochthonous as well as allohtonous. Landscape architects were very imaginative when they were making plant selection. I made a record of the woody plant species, but this record is not complete (Table 1). Beside woody plants, wide variety of herbaceous plants is growing in Mirijevo.

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Mirijevo_study site.png|Study site
Image:.jpg|your visual
Image:yourimage.jpg|your visual
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Connectivity wider context png.png|Connectivity
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''Look again at the multiple benefits of green infrastructure - what could be achieved in your site and which are most relevant?''

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Green infrastructure has typically multiple functions. What could be achieved for your site in this respect?''

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Projective drawings_Milena.png|Potential landscape
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''100 words approx.''

== Image Gallery ==

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Green area near elementary school.jpg|Green area near elementary school
Image:Green area near elementary school_2.jpg|Green area near elementary school
Image:Green area near elementary school_3.jpg|Green area near elementary school
Image:Drenage cannal in school yard.jpg|Drainage canal in school yard
Image:Private garden.jpg|One of few existing private gardens in Mirijevo
Image:Grassland ecosystem.jpg|Grassland ecosystem in Mirijevo
Image:Grassland ecosystem_2.jpg|Grassland ecosystem in Mirijevo
Image:Garage rooftops.jpg|Garage rooftops
</gallery>

== References ==

*''please add your references here''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Green Infrastructure 2014 Group K - Case Study 2

2014-11-28T16:05:23Z

Stefanoficm: /* Landscape and/or urban context of your case */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_K|working group K]]

'''''please add your title here'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Mirijevo''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Serbia''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Belgrade''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Milena''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Schol yard_Preview.jpg]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=44.78519470000001
|lng=20.538756799999987
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

Serbia [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia] is developing country situated at the crossroads between Central and Southeast Europe, covering the southern part of the Pannonian Plain and the central Balkans. Serbia has very favourable natural conditions (land and climate) for varied agricultural production. It produces mostly grains, fruits and vegetables which constitute a significant part of its GDP and exports. There has been in a sharp decline in agricultural activity since 1948, when almost three-quarters of the population engaged in farming, to the present one-quarter.

'''Mirijevo''' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirijevo]is an urban neighborhood of Belgrade, the capital of Republic of Serbia. It is part of Belgrade's municipality Zvezdara. Mirijevo is located around 7 km from city center on the eastern outskirts of Belgrade's urban zone. Mirijevo is residental neighborhood with plenty of green spaces and hiking trails. Mirijevo hasn't cycling trails. It has one food market where people can buy domestic and foreign products. Residents of Mirijevo are mostly families with children and older retired people. They enjoy hiking and gardening. Mirijevo has large potential for developing urban agriculture. Benefits would be significant contribution to fruit and vegetable requirements, reduction of energy used to distribute food, biodiversity enhacement and positive social and health impact.

== Author's perspective ==
I graduated landscape architecture and horticulture at Belgrade University. Now I'm working on my PhD Thesis at Institute for Biological Research in Belgrade, on Department for Ecology. For my PhD thesis, I do research on biodiversity of forest ecosystems. I am also interested in research on urban biodiversity.

I chose Mirijevo for my case study, because I have been living there for fourtheen years. When I first moved in 1990, Mirijevo was neighborhood with planty of green areas and rich biodiversity. A wide viriety of plant species, insects and birds are found their habitat in Mirijevo. As time passing by, the human population is incresing and urban tissue is expanding at the expense of green areas. There is a lack of planning in bulding process, so many green corridors are becoming defragmented and many species are loosing their habitat.

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''
*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

'''Topography'''

Terrain in Mirijevo has valley shape, with highest countour of 200 m above see level. Lowest contour is at 100 m above see level, where the Mirijevo stream is situated. West-facing slopes and east-facing slopes are predominant.

'''Climate'''

Belgrade is characterized by a moderate continental climate with local varieties. The mean annual air temperature is 11.9 ° C, and at the town periphery and at higher altitudes around 11.0 ° C . January is the coldest month, with average temperature of 0.10 ° C. The hotest month is July with average temperature of 22.1° C. Belgrade has four seasons. Autumn is longer than spring, with longer sunny and warm periods - the so-called Indian summer. Winter is not so severe, with an average of 21 days with temperature below zero. Spring is short and rainy. Summer arrives abruptly. The average annual number of days with temperature higher than 30°C (the so called tropical days ) is 31 .

The characteristic wind directions in Belgrade are southeast and northwest. Southeast wind is known as Košava and it brings clear and dry weather. It mostly blows in autumn and winter, in 2-3 days intervals. The average speed of Košava is 25-43 km/h but certain strokes can reach up to 130 kmh. Košava is the largest air cleaner of Belgrade.

The average annual rainfall on Belgrade and its surroundings is around 670 mm. The rainiest months are May and June. October and August have the smallest amount of rainfall. The average annual insolation is 2.096 hours. The highest insolation of about 10 hours a day is in July and August, while December and January are the most cloudy, with insolation of 2 to 3 hours per day. The average number of snowy days is 27. Snow cover lasts from 30 to 44 days, and its average thickness is 14 to 25 cm.
Mean atmospheric pressure in Belgrade is 1001 millibars and mean relative humidity is 69.5%.

'''Soil'''

A typical soil in Belgrade is cambisol. Cambisols make good agricultural land. In temperate climates they are among the most productive soils on earth. Cambisols have good physical and chemical properties and they are more suitable for autochthonous species.

'''Vegetation'''

The Hungarian oak -Turkey oak forest (''Quercetum frainetto-cerris'' Rud.) is the most common forest type in Serbia. Characteristic associations for Belgrade are: ''Rusco- aculeati- Quercetum frainetto- cerris'', ''Quercetum frainetto- cerris virgilianae'', ''Quercetum cerris- virgilianae'', ''Salicetum albo- amygdalinae'' and ''Salicetum albae- fragilis''.
However, Mirijevo has wide variety of plant species, autochthonous as well as allohtonous. Landscape architects were very imaginative when they were making plant selection. I made a record of the woody plant species, but this record is not complete (Table 1). Beside woody plants, wide variety of herbaceous plants is growing in Mirijevo.

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Mirijevo_study site.png|Study site
Image:.jpg|your visual
Image:yourimage.jpg|your visual
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Connectivity wider context png.png|Connectivity
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''Look again at the multiple benefits of green infrastructure - what could be achieved in your site and which are most relevant?''

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Green infrastructure has typically multiple functions. What could be achieved for your site in this respect?''

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Projective drawings_Milena.png|Potential landscape
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''100 words approx.''

== Image Gallery ==

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Green area near elementary school.jpg|Green area near elementary school
Image:Green area near elementary school_2.jpg|Green area near elementary school
Image:Green area near elementary school_3.jpg|Green area near elementary school
Image:Drenage cannal in school yard.jpg|Drainage canal in school yard
Image:Private garden.jpg|One of few existing private gardens in Mirijevo
Image:Grassland ecosystem.jpg|Grassland ecosystem in Mirijevo
Image:Grassland ecosystem_2.jpg|Grassland ecosystem in Mirijevo
Image:Garage rooftops.jpg|Garage rooftops
</gallery>

== References ==

*''please add your references here''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

File:Mirijevo study site.png

2014-11-28T16:04:43Z

Stefanoficm: This map is representing position of the study site in relation to Belgrade. Mirijevo is located around 7 km from city center on the eastern outskirts of Belgrade's urban zone. The neighborhood is developed in the valley of Mirijevski potok (creek whic...

This map is representing position of the study site in relation to Belgrade. Mirijevo is located around 7 km from city center on the eastern outskirts of Belgrade's urban zone. The neighborhood is developed in the valley of Mirijevski potok (creek which is a right tributary to the Danube). Terrain has valley shape, with highest contour of 200 m above see level. Lowest contour is at 100 m above see level, where the Mirijevo stream is situated. West-facing slopes and east-facing slopes are predominant.

Green Infrastructure 2014 Group K - Case Study 2

2014-11-28T15:59:05Z

Stefanoficm: /* Projective drawings */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_K|working group K]]

'''''please add your title here'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Mirijevo''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Serbia''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Belgrade''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Milena''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Schol yard_Preview.jpg]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=44.78519470000001
|lng=20.538756799999987
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

Serbia [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia] is developing country situated at the crossroads between Central and Southeast Europe, covering the southern part of the Pannonian Plain and the central Balkans. Serbia has very favourable natural conditions (land and climate) for varied agricultural production. It produces mostly grains, fruits and vegetables which constitute a significant part of its GDP and exports. There has been in a sharp decline in agricultural activity since 1948, when almost three-quarters of the population engaged in farming, to the present one-quarter.

'''Mirijevo''' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirijevo]is an urban neighborhood of Belgrade, the capital of Republic of Serbia. It is part of Belgrade's municipality Zvezdara. Mirijevo is located around 7 km from city center on the eastern outskirts of Belgrade's urban zone. Mirijevo is residental neighborhood with plenty of green spaces and hiking trails. Mirijevo hasn't cycling trails. It has one food market where people can buy domestic and foreign products. Residents of Mirijevo are mostly families with children and older retired people. They enjoy hiking and gardening. Mirijevo has large potential for developing urban agriculture. Benefits would be significant contribution to fruit and vegetable requirements, reduction of energy used to distribute food, biodiversity enhacement and positive social and health impact.

== Author's perspective ==
I graduated landscape architecture and horticulture at Belgrade University. Now I'm working on my PhD Thesis at Institute for Biological Research in Belgrade, on Department for Ecology. For my PhD thesis, I do research on biodiversity of forest ecosystems. I am also interested in research on urban biodiversity.

I chose Mirijevo for my case study, because I have been living there for fourtheen years. When I first moved in 1990, Mirijevo was neighborhood with planty of green areas and rich biodiversity. A wide viriety of plant species, insects and birds are found their habitat in Mirijevo. As time passing by, the human population is incresing and urban tissue is expanding at the expense of green areas. There is a lack of planning in bulding process, so many green corridors are becoming defragmented and many species are loosing their habitat.

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''
*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

'''Topography'''

Terrain in Mirijevo has valley shape, with highest countour of 200 m above see level. Lowest contour is at 100 m above see level, where the Mirijevo stream is situated. West-facing slopes and east-facing slopes are predominant.

'''Climate'''

Belgrade is characterized by a moderate continental climate with local varieties. The mean annual air temperature is 11.9 ° C, and at the town periphery and at higher altitudes around 11.0 ° C . January is the coldest month, with average temperature of 0.10 ° C. The hotest month is July with average temperature of 22.1° C. Belgrade has four seasons. Autumn is longer than spring, with longer sunny and warm periods - the so-called Indian summer. Winter is not so severe, with an average of 21 days with temperature below zero. Spring is short and rainy. Summer arrives abruptly. The average annual number of days with temperature higher than 30°C (the so called tropical days ) is 31 .

The characteristic wind directions in Belgrade are southeast and northwest. Southeast wind is known as Košava and it brings clear and dry weather. It mostly blows in autumn and winter, in 2-3 days intervals. The average speed of Košava is 25-43 km/h but certain strokes can reach up to 130 kmh. Košava is the largest air cleaner of Belgrade.

The average annual rainfall on Belgrade and its surroundings is around 670 mm. The rainiest months are May and June. October and August have the smallest amount of rainfall. The average annual insolation is 2.096 hours. The highest insolation of about 10 hours a day is in July and August, while December and January are the most cloudy, with insolation of 2 to 3 hours per day. The average number of snowy days is 27. Snow cover lasts from 30 to 44 days, and its average thickness is 14 to 25 cm.
Mean atmospheric pressure in Belgrade is 1001 millibars and mean relative humidity is 69.5%.

'''Soil'''

A typical soil in Belgrade is cambisol. Cambisols make good agricultural land. In temperate climates they are among the most productive soils on earth. Cambisols have good physical and chemical properties and they are more suitable for autochthonous species.

'''Vegetation'''

The Hungarian oak -Turkey oak forest (''Quercetum frainetto-cerris'' Rud.) is the most common forest type in Serbia. Characteristic associations for Belgrade are: ''Rusco- aculeati- Quercetum frainetto- cerris'', ''Quercetum frainetto- cerris virgilianae'', ''Quercetum cerris- virgilianae'', ''Salicetum albo- amygdalinae'' and ''Salicetum albae- fragilis''.
However, Mirijevo has wide variety of plant species, autochthonous as well as allohtonous. Landscape architects were very imaginative when they were making plant selection. I made a record of the woody plant species, but this record is not complete (Table 1). Beside woody plants, wide variety of herbaceous plants is growing in Mirijevo.

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Mirijevo_study site_2.jpg|Study site
Image:.jpg|your visual
Image:yourimage.jpg|your visual
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Connectivity wider context png.png|Connectivity
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''Look again at the multiple benefits of green infrastructure - what could be achieved in your site and which are most relevant?''

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Green infrastructure has typically multiple functions. What could be achieved for your site in this respect?''

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Projective drawings_Milena.png|Potential landscape
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''100 words approx.''

== Image Gallery ==

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Green area near elementary school.jpg|Green area near elementary school
Image:Green area near elementary school_2.jpg|Green area near elementary school
Image:Green area near elementary school_3.jpg|Green area near elementary school
Image:Drenage cannal in school yard.jpg|Drainage canal in school yard
Image:Private garden.jpg|One of few existing private gardens in Mirijevo
Image:Grassland ecosystem.jpg|Grassland ecosystem in Mirijevo
Image:Grassland ecosystem_2.jpg|Grassland ecosystem in Mirijevo
Image:Garage rooftops.jpg|Garage rooftops
</gallery>

== References ==

*''please add your references here''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

File:Projective drawings Milena.png

2014-11-28T15:56:24Z

Stefanoficm: On this drawing, areas that have potential to become community gardens are marked. These areas are covered with grasses and shrubs, and they are not very well managed. Also, on drawing are marked places where fruit species could be planted. I would rec...

On this drawing, areas that have potential to become community gardens are marked. These areas are covered with grasses and shrubs, and they are not very well managed. Also, on drawing are marked places where fruit species could be planted. I would recommend introduction of "Juglans regia", "Morus alba" and "Morus nigra". Nuts are always deficient on Mirijevo market and mulberry tree is very rare in Serbia, although once was very widespread. In landscape architecture mulberry tree is known as tree whose fruits dirty pavement, but I think it should be welcomed in urban periphery.

Green Infrastructure 2014 Group K - Case Study 2

2014-11-28T13:30:32Z

Stefanoficm: /* Image Gallery */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_K|working group K]]

'''''please add your title here'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Mirijevo''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Serbia''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Belgrade''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Milena''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Schol yard_Preview.jpg]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=44.78519470000001
|lng=20.538756799999987
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

Serbia [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia] is developing country situated at the crossroads between Central and Southeast Europe, covering the southern part of the Pannonian Plain and the central Balkans. Serbia has very favourable natural conditions (land and climate) for varied agricultural production. It produces mostly grains, fruits and vegetables which constitute a significant part of its GDP and exports. There has been in a sharp decline in agricultural activity since 1948, when almost three-quarters of the population engaged in farming, to the present one-quarter.

'''Mirijevo''' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirijevo]is an urban neighborhood of Belgrade, the capital of Republic of Serbia. It is part of Belgrade's municipality Zvezdara. Mirijevo is located around 7 km from city center on the eastern outskirts of Belgrade's urban zone. Mirijevo is residental neighborhood with plenty of green spaces and hiking trails. Mirijevo hasn't cycling trails. It has one food market where people can buy domestic and foreign products. Residents of Mirijevo are mostly families with children and older retired people. They enjoy hiking and gardening. Mirijevo has large potential for developing urban agriculture. Benefits would be significant contribution to fruit and vegetable requirements, reduction of energy used to distribute food, biodiversity enhacement and positive social and health impact.

== Author's perspective ==
I graduated landscape architecture and horticulture at Belgrade University. Now I'm working on my PhD Thesis at Institute for Biological Research in Belgrade, on Department for Ecology. For my PhD thesis, I do research on biodiversity of forest ecosystems. I am also interested in research on urban biodiversity.

I chose Mirijevo for my case study, because I have been living there for fourtheen years. When I first moved in 1990, Mirijevo was neighborhood with planty of green areas and rich biodiversity. A wide viriety of plant species, insects and birds are found their habitat in Mirijevo. As time passing by, the human population is incresing and urban tissue is expanding at the expense of green areas. There is a lack of planning in bulding process, so many green corridors are becoming defragmented and many species are loosing their habitat.

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''
*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

'''Topography'''

Terrain in Mirijevo has valley shape, with highest countour of 200 m above see level. Lowest contour is at 100 m above see level, where the Mirijevo stream is situated. West-facing slopes and east-facing slopes are predominant.

'''Climate'''

Belgrade is characterized by a moderate continental climate with local varieties. The mean annual air temperature is 11.9 ° C, and at the town periphery and at higher altitudes around 11.0 ° C . January is the coldest month, with average temperature of 0.10 ° C. The hotest month is July with average temperature of 22.1° C. Belgrade has four seasons. Autumn is longer than spring, with longer sunny and warm periods - the so-called Indian summer. Winter is not so severe, with an average of 21 days with temperature below zero. Spring is short and rainy. Summer arrives abruptly. The average annual number of days with temperature higher than 30°C (the so called tropical days ) is 31 .

The characteristic wind directions in Belgrade are southeast and northwest. Southeast wind is known as Košava and it brings clear and dry weather. It mostly blows in autumn and winter, in 2-3 days intervals. The average speed of Košava is 25-43 km/h but certain strokes can reach up to 130 kmh. Košava is the largest air cleaner of Belgrade.

The average annual rainfall on Belgrade and its surroundings is around 670 mm. The rainiest months are May and June. October and August have the smallest amount of rainfall. The average annual insolation is 2.096 hours. The highest insolation of about 10 hours a day is in July and August, while December and January are the most cloudy, with insolation of 2 to 3 hours per day. The average number of snowy days is 27. Snow cover lasts from 30 to 44 days, and its average thickness is 14 to 25 cm.
Mean atmospheric pressure in Belgrade is 1001 millibars and mean relative humidity is 69.5%.

'''Soil'''

A typical soil in Belgrade is cambisol. Cambisols make good agricultural land. In temperate climates they are among the most productive soils on earth. Cambisols have good physical and chemical properties and they are more suitable for autochthonous species.

'''Vegetation'''

The Hungarian oak -Turkey oak forest (''Quercetum frainetto-cerris'' Rud.) is the most common forest type in Serbia. Characteristic associations for Belgrade are: ''Rusco- aculeati- Quercetum frainetto- cerris'', ''Quercetum frainetto- cerris virgilianae'', ''Quercetum cerris- virgilianae'', ''Salicetum albo- amygdalinae'' and ''Salicetum albae- fragilis''.
However, Mirijevo has wide variety of plant species, autochthonous as well as allohtonous. Landscape architects were very imaginative when they were making plant selection. I made a record of the woody plant species, but this record is not complete (Table 1). Beside woody plants, wide variety of herbaceous plants is growing in Mirijevo.

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Mirijevo_study site_2.jpg|Study site
Image:.jpg|your visual
Image:yourimage.jpg|your visual
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Connectivity wider context png.png|Connectivity
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''Look again at the multiple benefits of green infrastructure - what could be achieved in your site and which are most relevant?''

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Green infrastructure has typically multiple functions. What could be achieved for your site in this respect?''

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''100 words approx.''

== Image Gallery ==

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Green area near elementary school.jpg|Green area near elementary school
Image:Green area near elementary school_2.jpg|Green area near elementary school
Image:Green area near elementary school_3.jpg|Green area near elementary school
Image:Drenage cannal in school yard.jpg|Drainage canal in school yard
Image:Private garden.jpg|One of few existing private gardens in Mirijevo
Image:Grassland ecosystem.jpg|Grassland ecosystem in Mirijevo
Image:Grassland ecosystem_2.jpg|Grassland ecosystem in Mirijevo
Image:Garage rooftops.jpg|Garage rooftops
</gallery>

== References ==

*''please add your references here''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

File:Garage rooftops.jpg

2014-11-28T13:29:32Z

Stefanoficm: Garage rooftops – one of many surfaces in Mirijevo that could be better managed.

Garage rooftops – one of many surfaces in Mirijevo that could be better managed.

File:WP 20141111 009.jpg

2014-11-28T13:27:02Z

Stefanoficm: Stefanoficm uploaded a new version of "File:WP 20141111 009.jpg"

Garage rooftops – one of the surfaces in Mirijevo that should be better managed.

Green Infrastructure 2014 Group K - Case Study 2

2014-11-28T11:13:49Z

Stefanoficm:

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_K|working group K]]

'''''please add your title here'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Mirijevo''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Serbia''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Belgrade''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Milena''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Schol yard_Preview.jpg]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=44.78519470000001
|lng=20.538756799999987
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

Serbia [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia] is developing country situated at the crossroads between Central and Southeast Europe, covering the southern part of the Pannonian Plain and the central Balkans. Serbia has very favourable natural conditions (land and climate) for varied agricultural production. It produces mostly grains, fruits and vegetables which constitute a significant part of its GDP and exports. There has been in a sharp decline in agricultural activity since 1948, when almost three-quarters of the population engaged in farming, to the present one-quarter.

'''Mirijevo''' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirijevo]is an urban neighborhood of Belgrade, the capital of Republic of Serbia. It is part of Belgrade's municipality Zvezdara. Mirijevo is located around 7 km from city center on the eastern outskirts of Belgrade's urban zone. Mirijevo is residental neighborhood with plenty of green spaces and hiking trails. Mirijevo hasn't cycling trails. It has one food market where people can buy domestic and foreign products. Residents of Mirijevo are mostly families with children and older retired people. They enjoy hiking and gardening. Mirijevo has large potential for developing urban agriculture. Benefits would be significant contribution to fruit and vegetable requirements, reduction of energy used to distribute food, biodiversity enhacement and positive social and health impact.

== Author's perspective ==
I graduated landscape architecture and horticulture at Belgrade University. Now I'm working on my PhD Thesis at Institute for Biological Research in Belgrade, on Department for Ecology. For my PhD thesis, I do research on biodiversity of forest ecosystems. I am also interested in research on urban biodiversity.

I chose Mirijevo for my case study, because I have been living there for fourtheen years. When I first moved in 1990, Mirijevo was neighborhood with planty of green areas and rich biodiversity. A wide viriety of plant species, insects and birds are found their habitat in Mirijevo. As time passing by, the human population is incresing and urban tissue is expanding at the expense of green areas. There is a lack of planning in bulding process, so many green corridors are becoming defragmented and many species are loosing their habitat.

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''
*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

'''Topography'''

Terrain in Mirijevo has valley shape, with highest countour of 200 m above see level. Lowest contour is at 100 m above see level, where the Mirijevo stream is situated. West-facing slopes and east-facing slopes are predominant.

'''Climate'''

Belgrade is characterized by a moderate continental climate with local varieties. The mean annual air temperature is 11.9 ° C, and at the town periphery and at higher altitudes around 11.0 ° C . January is the coldest month, with average temperature of 0.10 ° C. The hotest month is July with average temperature of 22.1° C. Belgrade has four seasons. Autumn is longer than spring, with longer sunny and warm periods - the so-called Indian summer. Winter is not so severe, with an average of 21 days with temperature below zero. Spring is short and rainy. Summer arrives abruptly. The average annual number of days with temperature higher than 30°C (the so called tropical days ) is 31 .

The characteristic wind directions in Belgrade are southeast and northwest. Southeast wind is known as Košava and it brings clear and dry weather. It mostly blows in autumn and winter, in 2-3 days intervals. The average speed of Košava is 25-43 km/h but certain strokes can reach up to 130 kmh. Košava is the largest air cleaner of Belgrade.

The average annual rainfall on Belgrade and its surroundings is around 670 mm. The rainiest months are May and June. October and August have the smallest amount of rainfall. The average annual insolation is 2.096 hours. The highest insolation of about 10 hours a day is in July and August, while December and January are the most cloudy, with insolation of 2 to 3 hours per day. The average number of snowy days is 27. Snow cover lasts from 30 to 44 days, and its average thickness is 14 to 25 cm.
Mean atmospheric pressure in Belgrade is 1001 millibars and mean relative humidity is 69.5%.

'''Soil'''

A typical soil in Belgrade is cambisol. Cambisols make good agricultural land. In temperate climates they are among the most productive soils on earth. Cambisols have good physical and chemical properties and they are more suitable for autochthonous species.

'''Vegetation'''

The Hungarian oak -Turkey oak forest (''Quercetum frainetto-cerris'' Rud.) is the most common forest type in Serbia. Characteristic associations for Belgrade are: ''Rusco- aculeati- Quercetum frainetto- cerris'', ''Quercetum frainetto- cerris virgilianae'', ''Quercetum cerris- virgilianae'', ''Salicetum albo- amygdalinae'' and ''Salicetum albae- fragilis''.
However, Mirijevo has wide variety of plant species, autochthonous as well as allohtonous. Landscape architects were very imaginative when they were making plant selection. I made a record of the woody plant species, but this record is not complete (Table 1). Beside woody plants, wide variety of herbaceous plants is growing in Mirijevo.

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Mirijevo_study site_2.jpg|Study site
Image:.jpg|your visual
Image:yourimage.jpg|your visual
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Connectivity wider context png.png|Connectivity
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''Look again at the multiple benefits of green infrastructure - what could be achieved in your site and which are most relevant?''

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Green infrastructure has typically multiple functions. What could be achieved for your site in this respect?''

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''100 words approx.''

== Image Gallery ==

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Green area near elementary school.jpg|Green area near elementary school
Image:Green area near elementary school_2.jpg|Green area near elementary school
Image:Green area near elementary school_3.jpg|Green area near elementary school
Image:Drenage cannal in school yard.jpg|Drainage canal in school yard
Image:Private garden.jpg|One of few existing private gardens in Mirijevo
Image:Grassland ecosystem.jpg|Grassland ecosystem in Mirijevo
Image:Grassland ecosystem_2.jpg|Grassland ecosystem in Mirijevo
Image:WP 20141111 009.jpg|Garage rooftops
</gallery>

== References ==

*''please add your references here''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

File:Schol yard Preview.jpg

2014-11-28T11:12:33Z

Stefanoficm:

Green Infrastructure 2014 Group K - Case Study 2

2014-11-28T11:07:56Z

Stefanoficm:

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_K|working group K]]

'''''please add your title here'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Mirijevo''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Serbia''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Belgrade''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Milena''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Schol yard stairs.jpeg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=44.78519470000001
|lng=20.538756799999987
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

Serbia [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia] is developing country situated at the crossroads between Central and Southeast Europe, covering the southern part of the Pannonian Plain and the central Balkans. Serbia has very favourable natural conditions (land and climate) for varied agricultural production. It produces mostly grains, fruits and vegetables which constitute a significant part of its GDP and exports. There has been in a sharp decline in agricultural activity since 1948, when almost three-quarters of the population engaged in farming, to the present one-quarter.

'''Mirijevo''' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirijevo]is an urban neighborhood of Belgrade, the capital of Republic of Serbia. It is part of Belgrade's municipality Zvezdara. Mirijevo is located around 7 km from city center on the eastern outskirts of Belgrade's urban zone. Mirijevo is residental neighborhood with plenty of green spaces and hiking trails. Mirijevo hasn't cycling trails. It has one food market where people can buy domestic and foreign products. Residents of Mirijevo are mostly families with children and older retired people. They enjoy hiking and gardening. Mirijevo has large potential for developing urban agriculture. Benefits would be significant contribution to fruit and vegetable requirements, reduction of energy used to distribute food, biodiversity enhacement and positive social and health impact.

== Author's perspective ==
I graduated landscape architecture and horticulture at Belgrade University. Now I'm working on my PhD Thesis at Institute for Biological Research in Belgrade, on Department for Ecology. For my PhD thesis, I do research on biodiversity of forest ecosystems. I am also interested in research on urban biodiversity.

I chose Mirijevo for my case study, because I have been living there for fourtheen years. When I first moved in 1990, Mirijevo was neighborhood with planty of green areas and rich biodiversity. A wide viriety of plant species, insects and birds are found their habitat in Mirijevo. As time passing by, the human population is incresing and urban tissue is expanding at the expense of green areas. There is a lack of planning in bulding process, so many green corridors are becoming defragmented and many species are loosing their habitat.

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''
*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

'''Topography'''

Terrain in Mirijevo has valley shape, with highest countour of 200 m above see level. Lowest contour is at 100 m above see level, where the Mirijevo stream is situated. West-facing slopes and east-facing slopes are predominant.

'''Climate'''

Belgrade is characterized by a moderate continental climate with local varieties. The mean annual air temperature is 11.9 ° C, and at the town periphery and at higher altitudes around 11.0 ° C . January is the coldest month, with average temperature of 0.10 ° C. The hotest month is July with average temperature of 22.1° C. Belgrade has four seasons. Autumn is longer than spring, with longer sunny and warm periods - the so-called Indian summer. Winter is not so severe, with an average of 21 days with temperature below zero. Spring is short and rainy. Summer arrives abruptly. The average annual number of days with temperature higher than 30°C (the so called tropical days ) is 31 .

The characteristic wind directions in Belgrade are southeast and northwest. Southeast wind is known as Košava and it brings clear and dry weather. It mostly blows in autumn and winter, in 2-3 days intervals. The average speed of Košava is 25-43 km/h but certain strokes can reach up to 130 kmh. Košava is the largest air cleaner of Belgrade.

The average annual rainfall on Belgrade and its surroundings is around 670 mm. The rainiest months are May and June. October and August have the smallest amount of rainfall. The average annual insolation is 2.096 hours. The highest insolation of about 10 hours a day is in July and August, while December and January are the most cloudy, with insolation of 2 to 3 hours per day. The average number of snowy days is 27. Snow cover lasts from 30 to 44 days, and its average thickness is 14 to 25 cm.
Mean atmospheric pressure in Belgrade is 1001 millibars and mean relative humidity is 69.5%.

'''Soil'''

A typical soil in Belgrade is cambisol. Cambisols make good agricultural land. In temperate climates they are among the most productive soils on earth. Cambisols have good physical and chemical properties and they are more suitable for autochthonous species.

'''Vegetation'''

The Hungarian oak -Turkey oak forest (''Quercetum frainetto-cerris'' Rud.) is the most common forest type in Serbia. Characteristic associations for Belgrade are: ''Rusco- aculeati- Quercetum frainetto- cerris'', ''Quercetum frainetto- cerris virgilianae'', ''Quercetum cerris- virgilianae'', ''Salicetum albo- amygdalinae'' and ''Salicetum albae- fragilis''.
However, Mirijevo has wide variety of plant species, autochthonous as well as allohtonous. Landscape architects were very imaginative when they were making plant selection. I made a record of the woody plant species, but this record is not complete (Table 1). Beside woody plants, wide variety of herbaceous plants is growing in Mirijevo.

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Mirijevo_study site_2.jpg|Study site
Image:.jpg|your visual
Image:yourimage.jpg|your visual
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Connectivity wider context png.png|Connectivity
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''Look again at the multiple benefits of green infrastructure - what could be achieved in your site and which are most relevant?''

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Green infrastructure has typically multiple functions. What could be achieved for your site in this respect?''

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''100 words approx.''

== Image Gallery ==

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Green area near elementary school.jpg|Green area near elementary school
Image:Green area near elementary school_2.jpg|Green area near elementary school
Image:Green area near elementary school_3.jpg|Green area near elementary school
Image:Drenage cannal in school yard.jpg|Drainage canal in school yard
Image:Private garden.jpg|One of few existing private gardens in Mirijevo
Image:Grassland ecosystem.jpg|Grassland ecosystem in Mirijevo
Image:Grassland ecosystem_2.jpg|Grassland ecosystem in Mirijevo
Image:WP 20141111 009.jpg|Garage rooftops
</gallery>

== References ==

*''please add your references here''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

File:Schol yard stairs.jpg

2014-11-28T10:54:15Z

Stefanoficm:

Green Infrastructure 2014 Group K - Case Study 2

2014-11-28T10:50:59Z

Stefanoficm: /* Image Gallery */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_K|working group K]]

'''''please add your title here'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Mirijevo''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Serbia''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Belgrade''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Milena''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [Image]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=44.78519470000001
|lng=20.538756799999987
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

Serbia [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia] is developing country situated at the crossroads between Central and Southeast Europe, covering the southern part of the Pannonian Plain and the central Balkans. Serbia has very favourable natural conditions (land and climate) for varied agricultural production. It produces mostly grains, fruits and vegetables which constitute a significant part of its GDP and exports. There has been in a sharp decline in agricultural activity since 1948, when almost three-quarters of the population engaged in farming, to the present one-quarter.

'''Mirijevo''' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirijevo]is an urban neighborhood of Belgrade, the capital of Republic of Serbia. It is part of Belgrade's municipality Zvezdara. Mirijevo is located around 7 km from city center on the eastern outskirts of Belgrade's urban zone. Mirijevo is residental neighborhood with plenty of green spaces and hiking trails. Mirijevo hasn't cycling trails. It has one food market where people can buy domestic and foreign products. Residents of Mirijevo are mostly families with children and older retired people. They enjoy hiking and gardening. Mirijevo has large potential for developing urban agriculture. Benefits would be significant contribution to fruit and vegetable requirements, reduction of energy used to distribute food, biodiversity enhacement and positive social and health impact.

== Author's perspective ==
I graduated landscape architecture and horticulture at Belgrade University. Now I'm working on my PhD Thesis at Institute for Biological Research in Belgrade, on Department for Ecology. For my PhD thesis, I do research on biodiversity of forest ecosystems. I am also interested in research on urban biodiversity.

I chose Mirijevo for my case study, because I have been living there for fourtheen years. When I first moved in 1990, Mirijevo was neighborhood with planty of green areas and rich biodiversity. A wide viriety of plant species, insects and birds are found their habitat in Mirijevo. As time passing by, the human population is incresing and urban tissue is expanding at the expense of green areas. There is a lack of planning in bulding process, so many green corridors are becoming defragmented and many species are loosing their habitat.

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''
*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

'''Topography'''

Terrain in Mirijevo has valley shape, with highest countour of 200 m above see level. Lowest contour is at 100 m above see level, where the Mirijevo stream is situated. West-facing slopes and east-facing slopes are predominant.

'''Climate'''

Belgrade is characterized by a moderate continental climate with local varieties. The mean annual air temperature is 11.9 ° C, and at the town periphery and at higher altitudes around 11.0 ° C . January is the coldest month, with average temperature of 0.10 ° C. The hotest month is July with average temperature of 22.1° C. Belgrade has four seasons. Autumn is longer than spring, with longer sunny and warm periods - the so-called Indian summer. Winter is not so severe, with an average of 21 days with temperature below zero. Spring is short and rainy. Summer arrives abruptly. The average annual number of days with temperature higher than 30°C (the so called tropical days ) is 31 .

The characteristic wind directions in Belgrade are southeast and northwest. Southeast wind is known as Košava and it brings clear and dry weather. It mostly blows in autumn and winter, in 2-3 days intervals. The average speed of Košava is 25-43 km/h but certain strokes can reach up to 130 kmh. Košava is the largest air cleaner of Belgrade.

The average annual rainfall on Belgrade and its surroundings is around 670 mm. The rainiest months are May and June. October and August have the smallest amount of rainfall. The average annual insolation is 2.096 hours. The highest insolation of about 10 hours a day is in July and August, while December and January are the most cloudy, with insolation of 2 to 3 hours per day. The average number of snowy days is 27. Snow cover lasts from 30 to 44 days, and its average thickness is 14 to 25 cm.
Mean atmospheric pressure in Belgrade is 1001 millibars and mean relative humidity is 69.5%.

'''Soil'''

A typical soil in Belgrade is cambisol. Cambisols make good agricultural land. In temperate climates they are among the most productive soils on earth. Cambisols have good physical and chemical properties and they are more suitable for autochthonous species.

'''Vegetation'''

The Hungarian oak -Turkey oak forest (''Quercetum frainetto-cerris'' Rud.) is the most common forest type in Serbia. Characteristic associations for Belgrade are: ''Rusco- aculeati- Quercetum frainetto- cerris'', ''Quercetum frainetto- cerris virgilianae'', ''Quercetum cerris- virgilianae'', ''Salicetum albo- amygdalinae'' and ''Salicetum albae- fragilis''.
However, Mirijevo has wide variety of plant species, autochthonous as well as allohtonous. Landscape architects were very imaginative when they were making plant selection. I made a record of the woody plant species, but this record is not complete (Table 1). Beside woody plants, wide variety of herbaceous plants is growing in Mirijevo.

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Mirijevo_study site_2.jpg|Study site
Image:.jpg|your visual
Image:yourimage.jpg|your visual
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Connectivity wider context png.png|Connectivity
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''Look again at the multiple benefits of green infrastructure - what could be achieved in your site and which are most relevant?''

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Green infrastructure has typically multiple functions. What could be achieved for your site in this respect?''

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''100 words approx.''

== Image Gallery ==

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Green area near elementary school.jpg|Green area near elementary school
Image:Green area near elementary school_2.jpg|Green area near elementary school
Image:Green area near elementary school_3.jpg|Green area near elementary school
Image:Drenage cannal in school yard.jpg|Drainage canal in school yard
Image:Private garden.jpg|One of few existing private gardens in Mirijevo
Image:Grassland ecosystem.jpg|Grassland ecosystem in Mirijevo
Image:Grassland ecosystem_2.jpg|Grassland ecosystem in Mirijevo
Image:WP 20141111 009.jpg|Garage rooftops
</gallery>

== References ==

*''please add your references here''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

File:WP 20141111 009.jpg

2014-11-28T10:48:39Z

Stefanoficm: Stefanoficm uploaded a new version of "File:WP 20141111 009.jpg"

Garage rooftops – one of the surfaces in Mirijevo that should be better managed.

Green Infrastructure 2014 Group K - Case Study 2

2014-11-28T10:47:49Z

Stefanoficm: /* Image Gallery */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_K|working group K]]

'''''please add your title here'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Mirijevo''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Serbia''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Belgrade''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Milena''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [Image]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=44.78519470000001
|lng=20.538756799999987
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

Serbia [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia] is developing country situated at the crossroads between Central and Southeast Europe, covering the southern part of the Pannonian Plain and the central Balkans. Serbia has very favourable natural conditions (land and climate) for varied agricultural production. It produces mostly grains, fruits and vegetables which constitute a significant part of its GDP and exports. There has been in a sharp decline in agricultural activity since 1948, when almost three-quarters of the population engaged in farming, to the present one-quarter.

'''Mirijevo''' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirijevo]is an urban neighborhood of Belgrade, the capital of Republic of Serbia. It is part of Belgrade's municipality Zvezdara. Mirijevo is located around 7 km from city center on the eastern outskirts of Belgrade's urban zone. Mirijevo is residental neighborhood with plenty of green spaces and hiking trails. Mirijevo hasn't cycling trails. It has one food market where people can buy domestic and foreign products. Residents of Mirijevo are mostly families with children and older retired people. They enjoy hiking and gardening. Mirijevo has large potential for developing urban agriculture. Benefits would be significant contribution to fruit and vegetable requirements, reduction of energy used to distribute food, biodiversity enhacement and positive social and health impact.

== Author's perspective ==
I graduated landscape architecture and horticulture at Belgrade University. Now I'm working on my PhD Thesis at Institute for Biological Research in Belgrade, on Department for Ecology. For my PhD thesis, I do research on biodiversity of forest ecosystems. I am also interested in research on urban biodiversity.

I chose Mirijevo for my case study, because I have been living there for fourtheen years. When I first moved in 1990, Mirijevo was neighborhood with planty of green areas and rich biodiversity. A wide viriety of plant species, insects and birds are found their habitat in Mirijevo. As time passing by, the human population is incresing and urban tissue is expanding at the expense of green areas. There is a lack of planning in bulding process, so many green corridors are becoming defragmented and many species are loosing their habitat.

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''
*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

'''Topography'''

Terrain in Mirijevo has valley shape, with highest countour of 200 m above see level. Lowest contour is at 100 m above see level, where the Mirijevo stream is situated. West-facing slopes and east-facing slopes are predominant.

'''Climate'''

Belgrade is characterized by a moderate continental climate with local varieties. The mean annual air temperature is 11.9 ° C, and at the town periphery and at higher altitudes around 11.0 ° C . January is the coldest month, with average temperature of 0.10 ° C. The hotest month is July with average temperature of 22.1° C. Belgrade has four seasons. Autumn is longer than spring, with longer sunny and warm periods - the so-called Indian summer. Winter is not so severe, with an average of 21 days with temperature below zero. Spring is short and rainy. Summer arrives abruptly. The average annual number of days with temperature higher than 30°C (the so called tropical days ) is 31 .

The characteristic wind directions in Belgrade are southeast and northwest. Southeast wind is known as Košava and it brings clear and dry weather. It mostly blows in autumn and winter, in 2-3 days intervals. The average speed of Košava is 25-43 km/h but certain strokes can reach up to 130 kmh. Košava is the largest air cleaner of Belgrade.

The average annual rainfall on Belgrade and its surroundings is around 670 mm. The rainiest months are May and June. October and August have the smallest amount of rainfall. The average annual insolation is 2.096 hours. The highest insolation of about 10 hours a day is in July and August, while December and January are the most cloudy, with insolation of 2 to 3 hours per day. The average number of snowy days is 27. Snow cover lasts from 30 to 44 days, and its average thickness is 14 to 25 cm.
Mean atmospheric pressure in Belgrade is 1001 millibars and mean relative humidity is 69.5%.

'''Soil'''

A typical soil in Belgrade is cambisol. Cambisols make good agricultural land. In temperate climates they are among the most productive soils on earth. Cambisols have good physical and chemical properties and they are more suitable for autochthonous species.

'''Vegetation'''

The Hungarian oak -Turkey oak forest (''Quercetum frainetto-cerris'' Rud.) is the most common forest type in Serbia. Characteristic associations for Belgrade are: ''Rusco- aculeati- Quercetum frainetto- cerris'', ''Quercetum frainetto- cerris virgilianae'', ''Quercetum cerris- virgilianae'', ''Salicetum albo- amygdalinae'' and ''Salicetum albae- fragilis''.
However, Mirijevo has wide variety of plant species, autochthonous as well as allohtonous. Landscape architects were very imaginative when they were making plant selection. I made a record of the woody plant species, but this record is not complete (Table 1). Beside woody plants, wide variety of herbaceous plants is growing in Mirijevo.

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Mirijevo_study site_2.jpg|Study site
Image:.jpg|your visual
Image:yourimage.jpg|your visual
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Connectivity wider context png.png|Connectivity
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''Look again at the multiple benefits of green infrastructure - what could be achieved in your site and which are most relevant?''

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Green infrastructure has typically multiple functions. What could be achieved for your site in this respect?''

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''100 words approx.''

== Image Gallery ==

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Green area near elementary school.jpg|Green area near elementary school
Image:Green area near elementary school_2.jpg|Green area near elementary school
Image:Green area near elementary school_3.jpg|Green area near elementary school
Image:Drenage cannal in school yard.jpg|Drainage canal in school yard
Image:Private garden.jpg|One of few existing private gardens in Mirijevo
Image:Grassland ecosystem.jpg|Grassland ecosystem in Mirijevo
Image:Grassland ecosystem_2.jpg|Grassland ecosystem in Mirijevo
Image:Garage rooftops.jpg|Garage rooftops
</gallery>

== References ==

*''please add your references here''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

File:WP 20141111 009.jpg

2014-11-28T10:45:14Z

Stefanoficm: Garage rooftops – one of the surfaces in Mirijevo that should be better managed.

Garage rooftops – one of the surfaces in Mirijevo that should be better managed.

File:Grassland ecosystem 2.jpg

2014-11-28T10:44:37Z

Stefanoficm: On this picture is shown part of the area in Mirijevo when community gardens could be established.

On this picture is shown part of the area in Mirijevo when community gardens could be established.

Green Infrastructure 2014 Group K - Case Study 2

2014-11-28T10:33:12Z

Stefanoficm: /* Image Gallery */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_K|working group K]]

'''''please add your title here'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Mirijevo''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Serbia''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Belgrade''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Milena''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [Image]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=44.78519470000001
|lng=20.538756799999987
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

Serbia [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia] is developing country situated at the crossroads between Central and Southeast Europe, covering the southern part of the Pannonian Plain and the central Balkans. Serbia has very favourable natural conditions (land and climate) for varied agricultural production. It produces mostly grains, fruits and vegetables which constitute a significant part of its GDP and exports. There has been in a sharp decline in agricultural activity since 1948, when almost three-quarters of the population engaged in farming, to the present one-quarter.

'''Mirijevo''' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirijevo]is an urban neighborhood of Belgrade, the capital of Republic of Serbia. It is part of Belgrade's municipality Zvezdara. Mirijevo is located around 7 km from city center on the eastern outskirts of Belgrade's urban zone. Mirijevo is residental neighborhood with plenty of green spaces and hiking trails. Mirijevo hasn't cycling trails. It has one food market where people can buy domestic and foreign products. Residents of Mirijevo are mostly families with children and older retired people. They enjoy hiking and gardening. Mirijevo has large potential for developing urban agriculture. Benefits would be significant contribution to fruit and vegetable requirements, reduction of energy used to distribute food, biodiversity enhacement and positive social and health impact.

== Author's perspective ==
I graduated landscape architecture and horticulture at Belgrade University. Now I'm working on my PhD Thesis at Institute for Biological Research in Belgrade, on Department for Ecology. For my PhD thesis, I do research on biodiversity of forest ecosystems. I am also interested in research on urban biodiversity.

I chose Mirijevo for my case study, because I have been living there for fourtheen years. When I first moved in 1990, Mirijevo was neighborhood with planty of green areas and rich biodiversity. A wide viriety of plant species, insects and birds are found their habitat in Mirijevo. As time passing by, the human population is incresing and urban tissue is expanding at the expense of green areas. There is a lack of planning in bulding process, so many green corridors are becoming defragmented and many species are loosing their habitat.

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''
*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

'''Topography'''

Terrain in Mirijevo has valley shape, with highest countour of 200 m above see level. Lowest contour is at 100 m above see level, where the Mirijevo stream is situated. West-facing slopes and east-facing slopes are predominant.

'''Climate'''

Belgrade is characterized by a moderate continental climate with local varieties. The mean annual air temperature is 11.9 ° C, and at the town periphery and at higher altitudes around 11.0 ° C . January is the coldest month, with average temperature of 0.10 ° C. The hotest month is July with average temperature of 22.1° C. Belgrade has four seasons. Autumn is longer than spring, with longer sunny and warm periods - the so-called Indian summer. Winter is not so severe, with an average of 21 days with temperature below zero. Spring is short and rainy. Summer arrives abruptly. The average annual number of days with temperature higher than 30°C (the so called tropical days ) is 31 .

The characteristic wind directions in Belgrade are southeast and northwest. Southeast wind is known as Košava and it brings clear and dry weather. It mostly blows in autumn and winter, in 2-3 days intervals. The average speed of Košava is 25-43 km/h but certain strokes can reach up to 130 kmh. Košava is the largest air cleaner of Belgrade.

The average annual rainfall on Belgrade and its surroundings is around 670 mm. The rainiest months are May and June. October and August have the smallest amount of rainfall. The average annual insolation is 2.096 hours. The highest insolation of about 10 hours a day is in July and August, while December and January are the most cloudy, with insolation of 2 to 3 hours per day. The average number of snowy days is 27. Snow cover lasts from 30 to 44 days, and its average thickness is 14 to 25 cm.
Mean atmospheric pressure in Belgrade is 1001 millibars and mean relative humidity is 69.5%.

'''Soil'''

A typical soil in Belgrade is cambisol. Cambisols make good agricultural land. In temperate climates they are among the most productive soils on earth. Cambisols have good physical and chemical properties and they are more suitable for autochthonous species.

'''Vegetation'''

The Hungarian oak -Turkey oak forest (''Quercetum frainetto-cerris'' Rud.) is the most common forest type in Serbia. Characteristic associations for Belgrade are: ''Rusco- aculeati- Quercetum frainetto- cerris'', ''Quercetum frainetto- cerris virgilianae'', ''Quercetum cerris- virgilianae'', ''Salicetum albo- amygdalinae'' and ''Salicetum albae- fragilis''.
However, Mirijevo has wide variety of plant species, autochthonous as well as allohtonous. Landscape architects were very imaginative when they were making plant selection. I made a record of the woody plant species, but this record is not complete (Table 1). Beside woody plants, wide variety of herbaceous plants is growing in Mirijevo.

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Mirijevo_study site_2.jpg|Study site
Image:.jpg|your visual
Image:yourimage.jpg|your visual
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Connectivity wider context png.png|Connectivity
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''Look again at the multiple benefits of green infrastructure - what could be achieved in your site and which are most relevant?''

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Green infrastructure has typically multiple functions. What could be achieved for your site in this respect?''

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''100 words approx.''

== Image Gallery ==

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Green area near elementary school.jpg|Green area near elementary school
Image:Green area near elementary school_2.jpg|Green area near elementary school
Image:Green area near elementary school_3.jpg|Green area near elementary school
Image:Drenage cannal in school yard.jpg|Drainage canal in school yard
Image:Private garden.jpg|One of few existing private gardens in Mirijevo
Image:Grassland ecosystem.jpg|Grassland ecosystem in Mirijevo
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
</gallery>

== References ==

*''please add your references here''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

File:Grassland ecosystem.jpg

2014-11-28T10:32:11Z

Stefanoficm: This picture presents a grassland ecosystem in Mirijevo.

This picture presents a grassland ecosystem in Mirijevo.

Green Infrastructure 2014 Group K - Case Study 2

2014-11-28T10:23:11Z

Stefanoficm: /* Landscape and/or urban context of your case */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_K|working group K]]

'''''please add your title here'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Mirijevo''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Serbia''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Belgrade''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Milena''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [Image]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=44.78519470000001
|lng=20.538756799999987
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

Serbia [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia] is developing country situated at the crossroads between Central and Southeast Europe, covering the southern part of the Pannonian Plain and the central Balkans. Serbia has very favourable natural conditions (land and climate) for varied agricultural production. It produces mostly grains, fruits and vegetables which constitute a significant part of its GDP and exports. There has been in a sharp decline in agricultural activity since 1948, when almost three-quarters of the population engaged in farming, to the present one-quarter.

'''Mirijevo''' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirijevo]is an urban neighborhood of Belgrade, the capital of Republic of Serbia. It is part of Belgrade's municipality Zvezdara. Mirijevo is located around 7 km from city center on the eastern outskirts of Belgrade's urban zone. Mirijevo is residental neighborhood with plenty of green spaces and hiking trails. Mirijevo hasn't cycling trails. It has one food market where people can buy domestic and foreign products. Residents of Mirijevo are mostly families with children and older retired people. They enjoy hiking and gardening. Mirijevo has large potential for developing urban agriculture. Benefits would be significant contribution to fruit and vegetable requirements, reduction of energy used to distribute food, biodiversity enhacement and positive social and health impact.

== Author's perspective ==
I graduated landscape architecture and horticulture at Belgrade University. Now I'm working on my PhD Thesis at Institute for Biological Research in Belgrade, on Department for Ecology. For my PhD thesis, I do research on biodiversity of forest ecosystems. I am also interested in research on urban biodiversity.

I chose Mirijevo for my case study, because I have been living there for fourtheen years. When I first moved in 1990, Mirijevo was neighborhood with planty of green areas and rich biodiversity. A wide viriety of plant species, insects and birds are found their habitat in Mirijevo. As time passing by, the human population is incresing and urban tissue is expanding at the expense of green areas. There is a lack of planning in bulding process, so many green corridors are becoming defragmented and many species are loosing their habitat.

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''
*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

'''Topography'''

Terrain in Mirijevo has valley shape, with highest countour of 200 m above see level. Lowest contour is at 100 m above see level, where the Mirijevo stream is situated. West-facing slopes and east-facing slopes are predominant.

'''Climate'''

Belgrade is characterized by a moderate continental climate with local varieties. The mean annual air temperature is 11.9 ° C, and at the town periphery and at higher altitudes around 11.0 ° C . January is the coldest month, with average temperature of 0.10 ° C. The hotest month is July with average temperature of 22.1° C. Belgrade has four seasons. Autumn is longer than spring, with longer sunny and warm periods - the so-called Indian summer. Winter is not so severe, with an average of 21 days with temperature below zero. Spring is short and rainy. Summer arrives abruptly. The average annual number of days with temperature higher than 30°C (the so called tropical days ) is 31 .

The characteristic wind directions in Belgrade are southeast and northwest. Southeast wind is known as Košava and it brings clear and dry weather. It mostly blows in autumn and winter, in 2-3 days intervals. The average speed of Košava is 25-43 km/h but certain strokes can reach up to 130 kmh. Košava is the largest air cleaner of Belgrade.

The average annual rainfall on Belgrade and its surroundings is around 670 mm. The rainiest months are May and June. October and August have the smallest amount of rainfall. The average annual insolation is 2.096 hours. The highest insolation of about 10 hours a day is in July and August, while December and January are the most cloudy, with insolation of 2 to 3 hours per day. The average number of snowy days is 27. Snow cover lasts from 30 to 44 days, and its average thickness is 14 to 25 cm.
Mean atmospheric pressure in Belgrade is 1001 millibars and mean relative humidity is 69.5%.

'''Soil'''

A typical soil in Belgrade is cambisol. Cambisols make good agricultural land. In temperate climates they are among the most productive soils on earth. Cambisols have good physical and chemical properties and they are more suitable for autochthonous species.

'''Vegetation'''

The Hungarian oak -Turkey oak forest (''Quercetum frainetto-cerris'' Rud.) is the most common forest type in Serbia. Characteristic associations for Belgrade are: ''Rusco- aculeati- Quercetum frainetto- cerris'', ''Quercetum frainetto- cerris virgilianae'', ''Quercetum cerris- virgilianae'', ''Salicetum albo- amygdalinae'' and ''Salicetum albae- fragilis''.
However, Mirijevo has wide variety of plant species, autochthonous as well as allohtonous. Landscape architects were very imaginative when they were making plant selection. I made a record of the woody plant species, but this record is not complete (Table 1). Beside woody plants, wide variety of herbaceous plants is growing in Mirijevo.

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Mirijevo_study site_2.jpg|Study site
Image:.jpg|your visual
Image:yourimage.jpg|your visual
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Connectivity wider context png.png|Connectivity
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''Look again at the multiple benefits of green infrastructure - what could be achieved in your site and which are most relevant?''

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Green infrastructure has typically multiple functions. What could be achieved for your site in this respect?''

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''100 words approx.''

== Image Gallery ==

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Green area near elementary school.jpg|Green area near elementary school
Image:Green area near elementary school_2.jpg|Green area near elementary school
Image:Green area near elementary school_3.jpg|Green area near elementary school
Image:Drenage cannal in school yard.jpg|Drainage canal in school yard
Image:Private garden.jpg|One of few existing private gardens in Mirijevo
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
</gallery>

== References ==

*''please add your references here''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

File:Mirijevo study site 2.jpg

2014-11-28T10:21:52Z

This map is representing position of the study site in relation to Belgrade. Mirijevo is located around 7 km from city center on the eastern outskirts of Belgrade's urban zone. The neighborhood is developed in the valley of Mirijevski potok (creek which is a right tributary to the Danube). Terrain has valley shape, with highest countour of 200 m above see level. Lowest contour is at 100 m above see level, where the Mirijevo stream is situated. West-facing slopes and east-facing slopes are predominant.

Green Infrastructure 2014 Group K - Case Study 2

2014-11-28T10:16:06Z

Stefanoficm: /* Analytical drawings */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_K|working group K]]

'''''please add your title here'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Mirijevo''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Serbia''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Belgrade''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Milena''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [Image]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=44.78519470000001
|lng=20.538756799999987
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

Serbia [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia] is developing country situated at the crossroads between Central and Southeast Europe, covering the southern part of the Pannonian Plain and the central Balkans. Serbia has very favourable natural conditions (land and climate) for varied agricultural production. It produces mostly grains, fruits and vegetables which constitute a significant part of its GDP and exports. There has been in a sharp decline in agricultural activity since 1948, when almost three-quarters of the population engaged in farming, to the present one-quarter.

'''Mirijevo''' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirijevo]is an urban neighborhood of Belgrade, the capital of Republic of Serbia. It is part of Belgrade's municipality Zvezdara. Mirijevo is located around 7 km from city center on the eastern outskirts of Belgrade's urban zone. Mirijevo is residental neighborhood with plenty of green spaces and hiking trails. Mirijevo hasn't cycling trails. It has one food market where people can buy domestic and foreign products. Residents of Mirijevo are mostly families with children and older retired people. They enjoy hiking and gardening. Mirijevo has large potential for developing urban agriculture. Benefits would be significant contribution to fruit and vegetable requirements, reduction of energy used to distribute food, biodiversity enhacement and positive social and health impact.

== Author's perspective ==
I graduated landscape architecture and horticulture at Belgrade University. Now I'm working on my PhD Thesis at Institute for Biological Research in Belgrade, on Department for Ecology. For my PhD thesis, I do research on biodiversity of forest ecosystems. I am also interested in research on urban biodiversity.

I chose Mirijevo for my case study, because I have been living there for fourtheen years. When I first moved in 1990, Mirijevo was neighborhood with planty of green areas and rich biodiversity. A wide viriety of plant species, insects and birds are found their habitat in Mirijevo. As time passing by, the human population is incresing and urban tissue is expanding at the expense of green areas. There is a lack of planning in bulding process, so many green corridors are becoming defragmented and many species are loosing their habitat.

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''
*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

'''Topography'''

Terrain in Mirijevo has valley shape, with highest countour of 200 m above see level. Lowest contour is at 100 m above see level, where the Mirijevo stream is situated. West-facing slopes and east-facing slopes are predominant.

'''Climate'''

Belgrade is characterized by a moderate continental climate with local varieties. The mean annual air temperature is 11.9 ° C, and at the town periphery and at higher altitudes around 11.0 ° C . January is the coldest month, with average temperature of 0.10 ° C. The hotest month is July with average temperature of 22.1° C. Belgrade has four seasons. Autumn is longer than spring, with longer sunny and warm periods - the so-called Indian summer. Winter is not so severe, with an average of 21 days with temperature below zero. Spring is short and rainy. Summer arrives abruptly. The average annual number of days with temperature higher than 30°C (the so called tropical days ) is 31 .

The characteristic wind directions in Belgrade are southeast and northwest. Southeast wind is known as Košava and it brings clear and dry weather. It mostly blows in autumn and winter, in 2-3 days intervals. The average speed of Košava is 25-43 km/h but certain strokes can reach up to 130 kmh. Košava is the largest air cleaner of Belgrade.

The average annual rainfall on Belgrade and its surroundings is around 670 mm. The rainiest months are May and June. October and August have the smallest amount of rainfall. The average annual insolation is 2.096 hours. The highest insolation of about 10 hours a day is in July and August, while December and January are the most cloudy, with insolation of 2 to 3 hours per day. The average number of snowy days is 27. Snow cover lasts from 30 to 44 days, and its average thickness is 14 to 25 cm.
Mean atmospheric pressure in Belgrade is 1001 millibars and mean relative humidity is 69.5%.

'''Soil'''

A typical soil in Belgrade is cambisol. Cambisols make good agricultural land. In temperate climates they are among the most productive soils on earth. Cambisols have good physical and chemical properties and they are more suitable for autochthonous species.

'''Vegetation'''

The Hungarian oak -Turkey oak forest (''Quercetum frainetto-cerris'' Rud.) is the most common forest type in Serbia. Characteristic associations for Belgrade are: ''Rusco- aculeati- Quercetum frainetto- cerris'', ''Quercetum frainetto- cerris virgilianae'', ''Quercetum cerris- virgilianae'', ''Salicetum albo- amygdalinae'' and ''Salicetum albae- fragilis''.
However, Mirijevo has wide variety of plant species, autochthonous as well as allohtonous. Landscape architects were very imaginative when they were making plant selection. I made a record of the woody plant species, but this record is not complete (Table 1). Beside woody plants, wide variety of herbaceous plants is growing in Mirijevo.

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Mirijevo_Wider Context.jpg|your visual
Image:.jpg|your visual
Image:yourimage.jpg|your visual
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Connectivity wider context png.png|Connectivity
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''Look again at the multiple benefits of green infrastructure - what could be achieved in your site and which are most relevant?''

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Green infrastructure has typically multiple functions. What could be achieved for your site in this respect?''

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''100 words approx.''

== Image Gallery ==

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Green area near elementary school.jpg|Green area near elementary school
Image:Green area near elementary school_2.jpg|Green area near elementary school
Image:Green area near elementary school_3.jpg|Green area near elementary school
Image:Drenage cannal in school yard.jpg|Drainage canal in school yard
Image:Private garden.jpg|One of few existing private gardens in Mirijevo
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
</gallery>

== References ==

*''please add your references here''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

File:Connectivity wider context png.png

2014-11-28T10:12:30Z