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Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group L

2015-01-31T18:23:12Z

Shahmoradis: /* References */

---> back to group page [[Green Infrastructure 2014 - Working Group L|working group L]]

'''''Restoration of Darband River Valley with the Approach to a Green, High Quality Transportation Network'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Darband River Valley''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Tehran''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Iran''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ana Žmire, Shahla Shahmoradi, Fernanda Millán, Simona Sava-Paval''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:0051.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=35.696111
|lng=51.423055999999974
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

'''* ''Climate, water, and soil'''

Tehran is a mountainside city with an altitude of 900 to 1700 meters above the sea level located on the southern slopes of Alborz mountains. From east to west, the view is dominated by the Alborz mountains, with rivers that are full in springtime and dry in summertime, flowing to satiate underground water tables hidden in the very thick layers of sedimentary rocks (gravel, sand and clay) from the Quaternary. Multiple aqueducts bring the water to surface that, in turn, flows through irrigation canals and brooks along all streets and avenues of Tehran. Lower parts, between 900 to 1200 m, have a fertile soil and gentle slope that permit a productive agricultural activity. In these plains, there are many sources of surface or underground water tables, supplied by aqueducts, floodways and branched out rivers.
In the south of Tehran, the desert begins. Dry and very hot weather in summer and sometimes very cold in winter, make this region seem hostile. The contrast between mountain and desert, and even between north and south of the City, prevents weather crises from taking shape in any part of the year. When heavy snow obstructs mountain roads, plains in the rim of the desert have often a mild sunny weather.
Tehran region has a dry climate. The annual rate of rainfall is only 229mm at the downtown, 400mm in northern neighborhoods and less than 150mm in arable lands of south. Heavy rainfalls in Alborz mountains, mainly as snow, provide a fairly reliable source of water supply for Tehran’s residents and the City’s development. This water flows through a number of rivers and flood canals toward the desert in the south and is swallowed up by the thick layers of alluvium.

'''* ''Main River Valleys in the City'''

Seven main river valleys pass through the city, including Darakeh, Velenjak, Darband, Golab Dareh, Jamshidyeh, Darabad, and Kan. All of these come from Alborz Mountains of Tehran, and after passing through urban areas reach lower plains in the south, where they meet agricultural lands. This case study concentrates on Darband river valley.
This river (“the Furious River” with 295/000/000 m3 of water per year) flows down from North mountains, passes beyond Hezardarreh hills, east of Tehran, and irrigates the great arable plain of Varamin.''

'''* ''Overall Character and Current Conditions'''

By carefully looking at the map, Darband river valley and its path is recognized due to its especial natural form. But if we want to follow it in the city, it is not so easy. Some parts of it have been buried under buildings or streets. Other parts of it have been converted to "U" channels and covered by impervious materials such as stone. In terms of flora, except some scattered trees, which are planted alongside the wall of the river valley, there is not major planting adjacent to that. Actually the deep channels surrounding the bed of the river valley has taken the opportunity to plant trees, shrubs, or other kinds of vegetation. Right after the end of the river's walls, there are streets and buildings. This lack of attention to Darband river valley causes people to undermine it and throw their wastes in this river-channel, and this in turn causes major environmental pollution in the site.''

'''* ''Flora'''

Tehran is rich in terms of the diversity of flora. While some of them are native to Iran, few, if any, of them are endemic to Tehran. Up to now, 13 endemic species of Tehran are known: Eritrichium mertonii (Family Boraginaceae), Buffonia hebecalyx (Family Caryophyllaceae), Stellaria scaturiginella (Family Caryophyllaceae), Centaurea carduiformis subsp. iranica (Family Compositae), Tanacetum polycephalum subsp. junesarens (Family Compositae), Taraxacum darbandense (Family Compositae), Convolvulus gracilininus (Family Ipomoea), Astragalus latianicus (Family Papaveraceae), Astragalus pseudobrunsianus (Family Papaveraceae), Hedysarum elbursense (Family Papaveraceae), Hedysarum hyrcanum var. hyrcanum (Family Papaveraceae), Vicia sojakii (Family Papaveraceae), Galium tehranicum (Family Rubiaceae). All of these species are herbaceous, which aren’t currently used in parks and landscapes. Predominant species of Tehran which are widely planted in parks, streets, and open spaces as well as alongside the river valleys are Platanus orientals, Morus nigra, Ulmus minor ‘umbraculifera’, Fraxinus excelsior, Quercus spp of broadleaved trees; Pinus eldarica and Cupressus arizonica of conifers; Lignustrum vulgare, Viburnum opulus, Nerium oleander, Berberis thunbergii of shrubs; and Common grass and Hedera helix of cover plants.

'''* ''Connectivity to the Wider Green/Gray Structures'''

Darband river valley in its journey from Alborz Mountains toward plains through the middle of the city links many important services and facilities from urban to local scales. One of the most important structures is North Mountains itself, which during the week and weekends attract thousands of people to hike, mount, and spend leisure time. On the other hand, the river valley passes through main, high traffic roads and highways, which everyday millions of citizens use to go their work. All of these green/Gray structures stress the importance of this historical river valley and affect the river both negatively and positively. Before such an incredible development of the city, when all of the city with its borders was limited to current city center, most parts of these river valleys were far away from the city and its effects. At that time, mostly private gardens and orchards formed their banks.

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Valleys.jpg|Main River Valleys
Image:Darband.jpg|Situation of Darband River Valley
Image:Journey.jpg|Journey of the River Valley from Mountains to Plains
</gallery>

== What are the overall objectives of your design? What are the specific objectives for enhancing green infrastrucutre? ==

''To ensure comfortable and easily accessible open green spaces within the city we offer a green infrastructure solution through a concept of interlinked and healthy natural ecosystems. This solution would improve what is left of the existing open green spaces within the city and create new ones that could support a greater biodiversity. It would also provide huge health, social, and ecological benefits that would primarily benefit wildlife and especially citizens. Green infrastructure would also benefit the economic growth of the city because it attracts huge investments and financial support in order to make the urban environment more sustainable. The specific objectives to improve green infrastructure include: a green, high-quality transportation network between small- to large-scale social and traffic nodes, multifunctional spaces, stimulating people to connect more with nature in order to benefit more from it, involving individuals and local communities to take better care of their environment, empowering communities, use of renewable energy sources and better rainwater management. These are just some of the aspects that would lead Tehran to a sustainably developing city.''

== Analytical drawings ==

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Social nodes.jpg|Social nodes along the Darband river valley/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:Traffic nodes.jpg|Traffic analysis/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:An_1.jpg|Forman - Godron landscape ecology analysis shows that patches of open green spaces are scattered all across the city with no green connection between them. River valleys form separate corridors from north to south. Urban tissue matrix needs more patches of open green spaces that are interlinked with ecological corridors./Ana Žmire
Image:An_2.jpg|Cross sections of the Darband River valley/Ana Žmire
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Green Transportation network.jpg|Green Transportation network along the restored river valley/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:Restoration.jpg|Creating multifunctional green infrastructure/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:Pr_1.jpg|Green infrastructure elements that would improve Darband River valley/Ana Žmire
Image:Pr_2.jpg|Different zones of green infrastructure with an emphasis on different activities that would bring many benefits to the citizens/Ana Žmire
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Si_1.jpg|Zones of green infrastructure interconnected with Green Transportation network
Image:Si_2.jpg|Green infrastructure solutions for Darband River valley
Image:SWOT model.jpg|SWOT model for Darband river valley
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''“From my point of view, our collaborative design process was a good teamwork through which I have learned to approach the project in the other way and effectively communicate in such a virtual world. I trained myself to evaluate the site from a landscape architect’s point of view. I didn’t find a major difficulty, we easily interacted with each other and shared our thoughts. I think collaborative design is a challenging process that if the members have most thoughts and behaviors in common, it can be a valuable, useful experience.” Shahla Shahmoradi''

''“Our collaborative design process was indeed teamwork, we came with different professional backgrounds and different visions for site improvement that we discussed and successfully banded together. We had no problems communicating and resolving issues we came across. This assignment made me explore the city that is culturally completely different from mine, has a rich past and I hope I’ll be able to visit it someday. During our collaborative design process I came across some difficulties concerning the site and accessing additional information on the internet (due to language differences) but Shahla managed to resolve all my problems and provide me with needed information. Collaborative design is always a challenge and especially while not being able to communicate and share thoughts personally, but despite all that I had a good time and have learned a lot during last few months of this seminar." Ana Žmire''

== Image Gallery ==

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Buried Parts.jpg|Buried Parts
Image:Abandoned Parts.jpg|Abandoned Parts
Image:Blue Structures.jpg|Gray Structures
Image:Visual and Tactile Disconnection.jpg|Visual and Tactile Disconnection
</gallery>

== References ==

1. Aminzadeh, B., Khansefid, M. (2010). A case study of urban ecological networks and a sustainable city: Tehran’s metropolitan area. Urban Ecosystems 13 (2010): 23-26.

2. Fathejalali, A., Masoudi, M. (2011). Corridor Plans: An Opportunity to Develop Low Carbon Open Spaces Network-The Case Study in Tehran, Iran. Corridor Plans and Open Spaces Network, 47th ISOCARP Congress (2011).

3. Habib, F., Atabi, F., Laghaei, H., Mousavi Fatemi H., Janfada, K. (2014). Design of Dareh-Darakeh Nature Park for Ecotourism Development in Tehran Metropolitan City. International Journal of Ecosystem 4(5) (2014): 224-232.

4. Municipality of Tehran., The Tehran Parks & Green Spaces Organization. (2009). Reviewing the plants of green spaces of Tehran report.
http://parks.tehran.ir/default.aspx?tabid=92&ArticleId=806.

5. Russell, T., Cutler, C. (2003). TREES: AN ILLUSTRATED IDENTIFIER AND ENCYCLOPEDIA. London: Hermes House. pp. 123, 135, 139, 152.

6. Bernard, H., Habibi, M. (2005). Atlas of Tehran Metropolis. ICT Organisation.

7. Varahram, F. (2004). Passing the City on Water Documentary.

8. The ISNA news.

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Collaborative Design]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group L

2015-01-31T18:21:12Z

Shahmoradis: /* References */

---> back to group page [[Green Infrastructure 2014 - Working Group L|working group L]]

'''''Restoration of Darband River Valley with the Approach to a Green, High Quality Transportation Network'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Darband River Valley''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Tehran''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Iran''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ana Žmire, Shahla Shahmoradi, Fernanda Millán, Simona Sava-Paval''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:0051.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=35.696111
|lng=51.423055999999974
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

'''* ''Climate, water, and soil'''

Tehran is a mountainside city with an altitude of 900 to 1700 meters above the sea level located on the southern slopes of Alborz mountains. From east to west, the view is dominated by the Alborz mountains, with rivers that are full in springtime and dry in summertime, flowing to satiate underground water tables hidden in the very thick layers of sedimentary rocks (gravel, sand and clay) from the Quaternary. Multiple aqueducts bring the water to surface that, in turn, flows through irrigation canals and brooks along all streets and avenues of Tehran. Lower parts, between 900 to 1200 m, have a fertile soil and gentle slope that permit a productive agricultural activity. In these plains, there are many sources of surface or underground water tables, supplied by aqueducts, floodways and branched out rivers.
In the south of Tehran, the desert begins. Dry and very hot weather in summer and sometimes very cold in winter, make this region seem hostile. The contrast between mountain and desert, and even between north and south of the City, prevents weather crises from taking shape in any part of the year. When heavy snow obstructs mountain roads, plains in the rim of the desert have often a mild sunny weather.
Tehran region has a dry climate. The annual rate of rainfall is only 229mm at the downtown, 400mm in northern neighborhoods and less than 150mm in arable lands of south. Heavy rainfalls in Alborz mountains, mainly as snow, provide a fairly reliable source of water supply for Tehran’s residents and the City’s development. This water flows through a number of rivers and flood canals toward the desert in the south and is swallowed up by the thick layers of alluvium.

'''* ''Main River Valleys in the City'''

Seven main river valleys pass through the city, including Darakeh, Velenjak, Darband, Golab Dareh, Jamshidyeh, Darabad, and Kan. All of these come from Alborz Mountains of Tehran, and after passing through urban areas reach lower plains in the south, where they meet agricultural lands. This case study concentrates on Darband river valley.
This river (“the Furious River” with 295/000/000 m3 of water per year) flows down from North mountains, passes beyond Hezardarreh hills, east of Tehran, and irrigates the great arable plain of Varamin.''

'''* ''Overall Character and Current Conditions'''

By carefully looking at the map, Darband river valley and its path is recognized due to its especial natural form. But if we want to follow it in the city, it is not so easy. Some parts of it have been buried under buildings or streets. Other parts of it have been converted to "U" channels and covered by impervious materials such as stone. In terms of flora, except some scattered trees, which are planted alongside the wall of the river valley, there is not major planting adjacent to that. Actually the deep channels surrounding the bed of the river valley has taken the opportunity to plant trees, shrubs, or other kinds of vegetation. Right after the end of the river's walls, there are streets and buildings. This lack of attention to Darband river valley causes people to undermine it and throw their wastes in this river-channel, and this in turn causes major environmental pollution in the site.''

'''* ''Flora'''

Tehran is rich in terms of the diversity of flora. While some of them are native to Iran, few, if any, of them are endemic to Tehran. Up to now, 13 endemic species of Tehran are known: Eritrichium mertonii (Family Boraginaceae), Buffonia hebecalyx (Family Caryophyllaceae), Stellaria scaturiginella (Family Caryophyllaceae), Centaurea carduiformis subsp. iranica (Family Compositae), Tanacetum polycephalum subsp. junesarens (Family Compositae), Taraxacum darbandense (Family Compositae), Convolvulus gracilininus (Family Ipomoea), Astragalus latianicus (Family Papaveraceae), Astragalus pseudobrunsianus (Family Papaveraceae), Hedysarum elbursense (Family Papaveraceae), Hedysarum hyrcanum var. hyrcanum (Family Papaveraceae), Vicia sojakii (Family Papaveraceae), Galium tehranicum (Family Rubiaceae). All of these species are herbaceous, which aren’t currently used in parks and landscapes. Predominant species of Tehran which are widely planted in parks, streets, and open spaces as well as alongside the river valleys are Platanus orientals, Morus nigra, Ulmus minor ‘umbraculifera’, Fraxinus excelsior, Quercus spp of broadleaved trees; Pinus eldarica and Cupressus arizonica of conifers; Lignustrum vulgare, Viburnum opulus, Nerium oleander, Berberis thunbergii of shrubs; and Common grass and Hedera helix of cover plants.

'''* ''Connectivity to the Wider Green/Gray Structures'''

Darband river valley in its journey from Alborz Mountains toward plains through the middle of the city links many important services and facilities from urban to local scales. One of the most important structures is North Mountains itself, which during the week and weekends attract thousands of people to hike, mount, and spend leisure time. On the other hand, the river valley passes through main, high traffic roads and highways, which everyday millions of citizens use to go their work. All of these green/Gray structures stress the importance of this historical river valley and affect the river both negatively and positively. Before such an incredible development of the city, when all of the city with its borders was limited to current city center, most parts of these river valleys were far away from the city and its effects. At that time, mostly private gardens and orchards formed their banks.

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Valleys.jpg|Main River Valleys
Image:Darband.jpg|Situation of Darband River Valley
Image:Journey.jpg|Journey of the River Valley from Mountains to Plains
</gallery>

== What are the overall objectives of your design? What are the specific objectives for enhancing green infrastrucutre? ==

''To ensure comfortable and easily accessible open green spaces within the city we offer a green infrastructure solution through a concept of interlinked and healthy natural ecosystems. This solution would improve what is left of the existing open green spaces within the city and create new ones that could support a greater biodiversity. It would also provide huge health, social, and ecological benefits that would primarily benefit wildlife and especially citizens. Green infrastructure would also benefit the economic growth of the city because it attracts huge investments and financial support in order to make the urban environment more sustainable. The specific objectives to improve green infrastructure include: a green, high-quality transportation network between small- to large-scale social and traffic nodes, multifunctional spaces, stimulating people to connect more with nature in order to benefit more from it, involving individuals and local communities to take better care of their environment, empowering communities, use of renewable energy sources and better rainwater management. These are just some of the aspects that would lead Tehran to a sustainably developing city.''

== Analytical drawings ==

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Social nodes.jpg|Social nodes along the Darband river valley/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:Traffic nodes.jpg|Traffic analysis/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:An_1.jpg|Forman - Godron landscape ecology analysis shows that patches of open green spaces are scattered all across the city with no green connection between them. River valleys form separate corridors from north to south. Urban tissue matrix needs more patches of open green spaces that are interlinked with ecological corridors./Ana Žmire
Image:An_2.jpg|Cross sections of the Darband River valley/Ana Žmire
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Green Transportation network.jpg|Green Transportation network along the restored river valley/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:Restoration.jpg|Creating multifunctional green infrastructure/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:Pr_1.jpg|Green infrastructure elements that would improve Darband River valley/Ana Žmire
Image:Pr_2.jpg|Different zones of green infrastructure with an emphasis on different activities that would bring many benefits to the citizens/Ana Žmire
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Si_1.jpg|Zones of green infrastructure interconnected with Green Transportation network
Image:Si_2.jpg|Green infrastructure solutions for Darband River valley
Image:SWOT model.jpg|SWOT model for Darband river valley
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''“From my point of view, our collaborative design process was a good teamwork through which I have learned to approach the project in the other way and effectively communicate in such a virtual world. I trained myself to evaluate the site from a landscape architect’s point of view. I didn’t find a major difficulty, we easily interacted with each other and shared our thoughts. I think collaborative design is a challenging process that if the members have most thoughts and behaviors in common, it can be a valuable, useful experience.” Shahla Shahmoradi''

''“Our collaborative design process was indeed teamwork, we came with different professional backgrounds and different visions for site improvement that we discussed and successfully banded together. We had no problems communicating and resolving issues we came across. This assignment made me explore the city that is culturally completely different from mine, has a rich past and I hope I’ll be able to visit it someday. During our collaborative design process I came across some difficulties concerning the site and accessing additional information on the internet (due to language differences) but Shahla managed to resolve all my problems and provide me with needed information. Collaborative design is always a challenge and especially while not being able to communicate and share thoughts personally, but despite all that I had a good time and have learned a lot during last few months of this seminar." Ana Žmire''

== Image Gallery ==

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Buried Parts.jpg|Buried Parts
Image:Abandoned Parts.jpg|Abandoned Parts
Image:Blue Structures.jpg|Gray Structures
Image:Visual and Tactile Disconnection.jpg|Visual and Tactile Disconnection
</gallery>

== References ==

1. Aminzadeh, B., Khansefid, M. (2010). A case study of urban ecological networks and a sustainable city: Tehran’s metropolitan area. Urban Ecosystems 13 (2010): 23-26.

2. Fathejalali, A., Masoudi, M. (2011). Corridor Plans: An Opportunity to Develop Low Carbon Open Spaces Network-The Case Study in Tehran, Iran. Corridor Plans and Open Spaces Network, 47th ISOCARP Congress (2011).

3. Habib, F., Atabi, F., Laghaei, H., Mousavi Fatemi H., Janfada, K. (2014). Design of Dareh-Darakeh Nature Park for Ecotourism Development in Tehran Metropolitan City. International Journal of Ecosystem 4(5) (2014): 224-232.

4. Municipality of Tehran., The Tehran Parks & Green Spaces Organization. (2009). Reviewing the plants of green spaces of Tehran report.
http://parks.tehran.ir/default.aspx?tabid=92&ArticleId=806.

5. Russell, T., Cutler, C. (2003). TREES: AN ILLUSTRATED IDENTIFIER AND ENCYCLOPEDIA. London: Hermes House. pp. 123, 135, 139, 152.

6. Bernard, H., Habibi, M. (2005). Atlas of Tehran Metropolis. ICT Organisation.

7. Varahram, F., (2004). Passing the City on Water Documentary.

8. The ISNA news.

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Collaborative Design]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Green Infrastructure 2014 Group L - Case Study 2

2015-01-31T18:20:06Z

Shahmoradis: /* References */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_L|working group L]]

'''''Restoration of Darband River Valley with the Approach to a Green, High Quality Transportation Network'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Darband River Valley''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Iran''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Tehran''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Shahla Shahmoradi''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Darband River Valley.JPG|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=300
|lat=35.696111
|lng=51.423055999999974
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

''River valleys are a valuable feature of Tehran in this arid climate. They act as lungs of a city which bring fresh air from mountains. Unfortunately, there is not much attention to this natural feature in Tehran. Actually, in many parts of the city, their beds have been covered by non-permeable materials, and even worse they have been replaced by highways with a lot of natural and social consequences. On the other hand, Tehran is also a megacity with huge inner-city travels and a burgeoning interest in walking and biking. However, there are not safe and enjoyable spaces to comfortably walk and bike. I see these river valleys a great opportunity to convert to an ecological pathway. Besides discharging stormwater, they have a remarkable potential to more integrate communities, more tie people to nature, make people healthy, and provide a sustainable delightful transportation network.''

== Author's perspective ==
''I have a bachelor's degree in Urbanism, and worked for about three years in two consulting engineers firms. I currently collaborate with a research office, and research into ecocities. On one of the projects at my previous workplace, I, as a team member, worked on adjacent neighborhoods of a highway. This highway passed through tight neighborhoods with strong relationships. After detailed studies, we found out this highway caused extraordinary disintegration within the communities so that even some children had to cross over the highway to reach their schools. After living near one of these highways which once was a river valley, I have more deeply perceived this disintegration as well as huge noise and air pollution. This has always been my challenge that following this fact that we have a lot of north-south river valleys which have a great potential to convert to a green infrastructure and we need more ways, why we don’t restore these valleys and improve green transportation with the help of them. More dedicating spaces to automobiles means more pollution, more congestion, more illnesses, and more disintegrated communities, while providing delightful environments to walking, biking, and convenient public transportation means more healthy citizens, more environmentally friendly infrastructures, and more sustainable environments and communities, which is what river valleys can give us. Sometimes, I really desire to bike or walk to my destination but in this polluted and automobile-oriented city, I hardly even persuade myself to go out! I believe this megacity with burgeoning population and inner-city travels needs a redefinition of their transportation network toward a sustainable future. My intention of studying this case is restoration of river valleys with the approach to green, high quality transportation network.''

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

*''Main River Valleys in the City
Seven main river valleys pass through the city, including Darakeh, Velenjak, Darband, Golab Dareh, Jamshidyeh, Darabad, and Kan. All of these come from Alborz Mountains of Tehran, and after passing through urban areas reach lower plains in the south, where they meet agricultural lands. My case study concentrates on Darband river valley, which passes alongside my neighborhood.''

*''Overall Character and Current Conditions
By carefully looking at the map, Darband river valley and its path is recognized due to its especial natural form. But if we want to follow it in the city, it is not so easy. Some parts of it have been buried under buildings or streets. Other parts of it have been converted to "U" channels and covered by impervious materials such as stone. In terms of flora, except some scattered trees, which are planted alongside the wall of the river valley, there is not major planting adjacent to that. Actually the deep channels surrounding the bed of the river valley has taken the opportunity to plant trees, shrubs, or other kinds of vegetation. Right after the end of the river's walls, there are streets and buildings. This lack of attention to Darband river valley causes people to undermine it and throw their wastes in this river-channel, and this in turn causes major environmental pollution in the site.''

*''Flora
Tehran is rich in terms of the diversity of flora. While some of them are native to Iran, few, if any, of them are endemic to Tehran. Up to now, 13 endemic species of Tehran are known: Eritrichium mertonii (Family Boraginaceae), Buffonia hebecalyx (Family Caryophyllaceae), Stellaria scaturiginella (Family Caryophyllaceae), Centaurea carduiformis subsp. iranica (Family Compositae), Tanacetum polycephalum subsp. junesarens (Family Compositae), Taraxacum darbandense (Family Compositae), Convolvulus gracilininus (Family Ipomoea), Astragalus latianicus (Family Papaveraceae), Astragalus pseudobrunsianus (Family Papaveraceae), Hedysarum elbursense (Family Papaveraceae), Hedysarum hyrcanum var. hyrcanum (Family Papaveraceae), Vicia sojakii (Family Papaveraceae), Galium tehranicum (Family Rubiaceae). All of these species are herbaceous, which aren’t currently used in parks and landscapes. Predominant species of Tehran which are widely planted in parks, streets, and open spaces as well as alongside the river valleys are Platanus orientals, Morus nigra, Ulmus minor ‘umbraculifera’, Fraxinus excelsior, Quercus spp of broadleaved trees; Pinus eldarica and Cupressus arizonica of conifers; Lignustrum vulgare, Viburnum opulus, Nerium oleander, Berberis thunbergii of shrubs; and Common grass and Hedera helix of cover plants.

*''Connectivity to the Wider Green/Gray Structures
Darband river valley in its journey from Alborz Mountains toward plains through the middle of the city links many important services and facilities from urban to local scales. One of the most important structures is North Mountains itself, which during the week and weekends attract thousands of people to hike, mount, and spend leisure time. On the other hand, the river valley passes through main, high traffic roads and highways, which everyday millions of citizens use to go their work. All of these green/Gray structures stress the importance of this historical river valley and affect the river both negatively and positively. Before such an incredible development of the city, when all of the city with its borders was limited to current city center, most parts of these river valleys were far away from the city and its effects. At that time, mostly private gardens and orchards formed their banks.
*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Valleys.jpg|Main River Valleys
Image:Darband.jpg|Situation of Darband River Valley
Image:Buried Parts.jpg|Buried Parts
Image:Abandoned Parts.jpg|Abandoned Parts
Image:Blue Structures.jpg|Gray Structures
Image:Visual and Tactile Disconnection.jpg|Visual and Tactile Disconnection
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Connection.jpg|Connection of Green Infrastructures by Darband River Valley
Image:Gray.jpg|Main Roads Crossing The River
Image:001.jpg|Effects of Covering the Bed of the River on Environment
Image:U-Channel Part of Darband River Valley in Relation to the City.jpg|U-Channel Part of Darband River Valley in Relation to the City
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''GI in my site could satisfy social, ecological, economic, and human health benefits as well as connectivity and integration. Among them, at first stage ecological and human health benefits, at the second stage connectivity, and then social benefits are predominant. While restoration of Darband River Valley provides a great biodiversity, good drainage, managed stormwater, more planted areas, and as a whole a healthy, efficient natural ecosystem, pedestrian and bicycle paths and public transportation provide high quality of connectivity between various parts of the city which is an absolute demand in this megacity and especially this direction. All these help ease tension among citizens, make people attentive to nature, maintain hydrologic cycle, reduce the emission of greenhouse gases, and mitigate climate change which can directly or indirectly result in economic benefits. From an economic point of view, while such a sustainable environment can attract huge investments to benefit from a high quality of life, more people and investors are induced to put money into green infrastructures. And more importantly, people can benefit from an economic, enjoyable, healthy transportation network. From a social point of view, people gradually notice the importance of natural ecosystems and their services since they would have been integrated with their neighborhoods and their daily life. People make themselves responsible to preserve this natural environment which not only can bring an incredible economic benefit, but can create resilient communities by gathering people and motivating them through participation.''

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Following my approaches to the site, I have classified major functions as restoring the ecosystem of Darband River Valley, managing stormwater, promoting accessibility with the help of pedestrian and bicycle routes as well as green public transportation such as trams and trains, connecting major and minor parks and amenities by an ecological corridor, integrating communities, and providing leisure, recreation and pleasant spaces for residents and citizens as a whole. There are absolutely subfunctions under each of these major functions that can comprehensively cover all of my intentions to the site which namely are controlling floods, reducing environmental pollution, improving aesthetics, providing more sport facilities, using native and drought-adapted plants in this arid climate, and educating people.''

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''I mainly plan to only restore the bed of Darband River Valley in 1-2 years because its bed is currently blocked under materials and its soil needs to absorb oxygen and acquire stability. This is an important step, so after removing the materials and returning the bed to its natural form, it is needed to plant trees and shrubs which help stabilize and enrich soil.''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''Within 10-15 years, the buildings within the boundary of Darband River Valley and some areas beyond that should be removed and dedicated to greenway. The proposed cross section is general for throughout the route of Darband River Valley. However, where removing the buildings is not possible, the greenway will be dedicated to pedestrian and bicycle paths, and public transportation will pass through the existing streets.''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Restoration-1-2 year.jpg|Restoration of the Bed of Darband River Valley in the Near Future
Image:Restoration-10-15 year.jpg|Converting the Area Adjacent to the River Valley to a Green Transportation Network in 10-15 Years
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''Nature has great, hidden potentials to help us save biota in these disturbed conditions. Green infrastructures are a strong, nature-based solution that can alleviate these harsh conditions by applying the potentials of nature. Especially, with burgeoning growth of population and expanding the area and number of cities, the demand for green infrastructures is more sensible. Ignoring the natural ecosystems and consequences of our actions has caused many disruptions on our planet. Climate change, greenhouse effects, food and fresh water scarcity, species extinction, and environmental pollution are major problems of the modern world which most of those can be cut by environmentally friendly design and planning of cities and settlements. On the other hand, from my point of view, access is a significant challenge of metropolitan areas and cities that, by inappropriate strategies such as automobile-oriented developments, can cause many environmental and social problems. I have tried to address these major challenges, occupied me for a long time, toward a sustainable solution on my case study.''

== Image Gallery ==
''Please add further images/photos here''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
</gallery>

== References ==

*''Municipality of Tehran., The Tehran Parks & Green Spaces Organization. (2009). Reviewing the plants of green spaces of Tehran report.
http://parks.tehran.ir/default.aspx?tabid=92&ArticleId=806''
*''Russell, T., Cutler, C. (2003). TREES: AN ILLUSTRATED IDENTIFIER AND ENCYCLOPEDIA. London: Hermes House. pp. 123, 135, 139, 152.''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Green Infrastructure 2014 - Working Group L

2015-01-29T16:33:04Z

Shahmoradis: /* Assignment 2 - Lecture Concept Map */

--> Back to [[Working_Groups_Seminar_Green_Infrastructure_2014|working group overview]]

== Assignment 2 - Lecture Concept Map ==
*''The list with the group distribution shows you which lecture your group is supposed to document in the concept map format.''
*''Please add your collaborative concept map here by replacing the dummy image. Your map needs to have a new file name:''

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Assignment 2-final.jpg|''Green Infrastructure and Governance by Cecil Konijnendijk van den Bosch''
</gallery>

== Assignment 3 - Green infrastructure potential in your environment ==

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group L - Case Study 1|Zagreb, Croatia]] ===
=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Group L - Case Study 2|Tehran, Iran]] ===

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Group L - Case Study 3|La Coruña, Spain]] ===

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Group L - Case Study 4|Case Study 4]] ===

=== Presentation Slides Assignment 3 ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:L-s2.jpg|GI potentials of Zagreb/Ana Žmire
Image:L-s3.jpg|Vision for the site/Ana Žmire
Image:L-s4.jpg|GI potentials of Darband river valley/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:L-s5.jpg|Vision for the site/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:L-s6.jpg|Comparative analysis
</gallery>

== Assignment 4 - Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design ==

==='''[[Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group L|Collaborative Design: Restoration of Darband River Valley with the Approach to a Green, High Quality Transportation Network]]'''===

=== Presentation Slides Collaborative Design ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Group_L_-_GI_Assignment4_Page_2.jpg|Analytical Drawings
Image:Group_L_-_GI_Assignment4_Page_3.jpg|Projective Drawings
Image:Group_L_-_GI_Assignment4_Page_4.jpg|Design Synthesis
</gallery>

----

[[Category: Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group]]

File:Assignment 2-final.jpg

2015-01-29T16:29:15Z

Shahmoradis:

Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group L

2015-01-26T13:08:18Z

Shahmoradis: /* What are the overall objectives of your design? What are the specific objectives for enhancing green infrastrucutre? */

---> back to group page [[Green Infrastructure 2014 - Working Group L|working group L]]

'''''Restoration of Darband River Valley with the Approach to a Green, High Quality Transportation Network'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Darband River Valley''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Tehran''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Iran''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ana Žmire, Shahla Shahmoradi, Fernanda Millán, Simona Sava-Paval''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:0051.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=35.696111
|lng=51.423055999999974
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==
*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''

*''Climate, water, and soil
Tehran is a mountainside city with an altitude of 900 to 1700 meters above the sea level located on the southern slopes of Alborz mountains. From east to west, the view is dominated by the Alborz mountains, with rivers that are full in springtime and dry in summertime, flowing to satiate underground water tables hidden in the very thick layers of sedimentary rocks (gravel, sand and clay) from the Quaternary. Multiple aqueducts bring the water to surface that, in turn, flows through irrigation canals and brooks along all streets and avenues of Tehran. Lower parts, between 900 to 1200 m, have a fertile soil and gentle slope that permit a productive agricultural activity. In these plains, there are many sources of surface or underground water tables, supplied by aqueducts, floodways and branched out rivers.
In the south of Tehran, the desert begins. Dry and very hot weather in summer and sometimes very cold in winter, make this region seem hostile. The contrast between mountain and desert, and even between north and south of the City, prevents weather crises from taking shape in any part of the year. When heavy snow obstructs mountain roads, plains in the rim of the desert have often a mild sunny weather.
Tehran region has a dry climate. The annual rate of rainfall is only 229mm at the downtown, 400mm in northern neighborhoods and less than 150mm in arable lands of south. Heavy rainfalls in Alborz mountains, mainly as snow, provide a fairly reliable source of water supply for Tehran’s residents and the City’s development. This water flows through a number of rivers and flood canals toward the desert in the south and is swallowed up by the thick layers of alluvium.

*''Main River Valleys in the City
Seven main river valleys pass through the city, including Darakeh, Velenjak, Darband, Golab Dareh, Jamshidyeh, Darabad, and Kan. All of these come from Alborz Mountains of Tehran, and after passing through urban areas reach lower plains in the south, where they meet agricultural lands. This case study concentrates on Darband river valley.
This river (“the Furious River” with 295/000/000 m3 of water per year) flows down from North mountains, passes beyond Hezardarreh hills, east of Tehran, and irrigates the great arable plain of Varamin.''

*''Overall Character and Current Conditions
By carefully looking at the map, Darband river valley and its path is recognized due to its especial natural form. But if we want to follow it in the city, it is not so easy. Some parts of it have been buried under buildings or streets. Other parts of it have been converted to "U" channels and covered by impervious materials such as stone. In terms of flora, except some scattered trees, which are planted alongside the wall of the river valley, there is not major planting adjacent to that. Actually the deep channels surrounding the bed of the river valley has taken the opportunity to plant trees, shrubs, or other kinds of vegetation. Right after the end of the river's walls, there are streets and buildings. This lack of attention to Darband river valley causes people to undermine it and throw their wastes in this river-channel, and this in turn causes major environmental pollution in the site.''

*''Flora
Tehran is rich in terms of the diversity of flora. While some of them are native to Iran, few, if any, of them are endemic to Tehran. Up to now, 13 endemic species of Tehran are known: Eritrichium mertonii (Family Boraginaceae), Buffonia hebecalyx (Family Caryophyllaceae), Stellaria scaturiginella (Family Caryophyllaceae), Centaurea carduiformis subsp. iranica (Family Compositae), Tanacetum polycephalum subsp. junesarens (Family Compositae), Taraxacum darbandense (Family Compositae), Convolvulus gracilininus (Family Ipomoea), Astragalus latianicus (Family Papaveraceae), Astragalus pseudobrunsianus (Family Papaveraceae), Hedysarum elbursense (Family Papaveraceae), Hedysarum hyrcanum var. hyrcanum (Family Papaveraceae), Vicia sojakii (Family Papaveraceae), Galium tehranicum (Family Rubiaceae). All of these species are herbaceous, which aren’t currently used in parks and landscapes. Predominant species of Tehran which are widely planted in parks, streets, and open spaces as well as alongside the river valleys are Platanus orientals, Morus nigra, Ulmus minor ‘umbraculifera’, Fraxinus excelsior, Quercus spp of broadleaved trees; Pinus eldarica and Cupressus arizonica of conifers; Lignustrum vulgare, Viburnum opulus, Nerium oleander, Berberis thunbergii of shrubs; and Common grass and Hedera helix of cover plants.

*''Connectivity to the Wider Green/Gray Structures
Darband river valley in its journey from Alborz Mountains toward plains through the middle of the city links many important services and facilities from urban to local scales. One of the most important structures is North Mountains itself, which during the week and weekends attract thousands of people to hike, mount, and spend leisure time. On the other hand, the river valley passes through main, high traffic roads and highways, which everyday millions of citizens use to go their work. All of these green/Gray structures stress the importance of this historical river valley and affect the river both negatively and positively. Before such an incredible development of the city, when all of the city with its borders was limited to current city center, most parts of these river valleys were far away from the city and its effects. At that time, mostly private gardens and orchards formed their banks.

*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Valleys.jpg|Main River Valleys
Image:Darband.jpg|Situation of Darband River Valley
Image:Journey.jpg|Journey of the River Valley from Mountains to Plains
</gallery>

== What are the overall objectives of your design? What are the specific objectives for enhancing green infrastrucutre? ==

''To ensure comfortable and easily accessible open green spaces within the city we offer a green infrastructure solution through a concept of interlinked and healthy natural ecosystems. This solution would improve what is left of the existing open green spaces within the city and create new ones that could support a greater biodiversity. It would also provide huge health, social, and ecological benefits that would primarily benefit wildlife and especially citizens. Green infrastructure would also benefit the economic growth of the city because it attracts huge investments and financial support in order to make the urban environment more sustainable. The specific objectives to improve green infrastructure include: a green, high-quality transportation network between small- to large-scale social and traffic nodes, multifunctional spaces, stimulating people to connect more with nature in order to benefit more from it, involving individuals and local communities to take better care of their environment, empowering communities, use of renewable energy sources and better rainwater management. These are just some of the aspects that would lead Tehran to a sustainably developing city.''

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing.''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Social nodes.jpg|Social nodes along the Darband river valley/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:Traffic nodes.jpg|Traffic analysis/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:An_1.jpg|Forman - Godron landscape ecology analysis shows that patches of open green spaces are scattered all across the city with no green connection between them. River valleys form separate corridors from north to south. Urban tissue matrix needs more patches of open green spaces that are interlinked with ecological corridors./Ana Žmire
Image:An_2.jpg|Cross sections of the Darband River valley/Ana Žmire
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes), of course with an emphasis on green infrastructure aspects. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing representing his/her individual ideas.''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Green Transportation network.jpg|Green Transportation network along the restored river valley/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:Restoration.jpg|Creating multifunctional green infrastructure/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:Pr_1.jpg|Green infrastructure elements that would improve Darband River valley/Ana Žmire
Image:Pr_2.jpg|Different zones of green infrastructure with an emphasis on different activities that would bring many benefits to the citizens/Ana Žmire
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==
''Please analyse the individual approaches presented so far and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses (you may use the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis SWOT]analysis model). Try to create a synthesis and represent it with a plan and some sketches. You can still use drawings/sketches.''

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Si_1.jpg|Zones of green infrastructure interconnected with Green Transportation network
Image:Si_2.jpg|Green infrastructure solutions for Darband River valley
Image:SWOT model.jpg|SWOT model for Darband river valley
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|synthesis drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''“From my point of view, our collaborative design process was a good teamwork through which I have learned to approach the project in the other way and effectively communicate in such a virtual world. I trained myself to evaluate the site from a landscape architect’s point of view. I didn’t find a major difficulty, we easily interacted with each other and shared our thoughts. I think collaborative design is a challenging process that if the members have most thoughts and behaviors in common, it can be a valuable, useful experience.” Shahla Shahmoradi''

''“Our collaborative design process was indeed teamwork, we came with different professional backgrounds and different visions for site improvement that we discussed and successfully banded together. We had no problems communicating and resolving issues we came across. This assignment made me explore the city that is culturally completely different from mine, has a rich past and I hope I’ll be able to visit it someday. During our collaborative design process I came across some difficulties concerning the site and accessing additional information on the internet (due to language differences) but Shahla managed to resolve all my problems and provide me with needed information. Collaborative design is always a challenge and especially while not being able to communicate and share thoughts personally, but despite all that I had a good time and have learned a lot during last few months of this seminar." Ana Žmire''

== Image Gallery ==

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Buried Parts.jpg|Buried Parts
Image:Abandoned Parts.jpg|Abandoned Parts
Image:Blue Structures.jpg|Gray Structures
Image:Visual and Tactile Disconnection.jpg|Visual and Tactile Disconnection
</gallery>

== References ==

1. Aminzadeh, B., Khansefid, M. (2010). A case study of urban ecological networks and a sustainable city: Tehran’s metropolitan area. Urban Ecosystems 13 (2010): 23-26.

2. Fathejalali, A., Masoudi, M. (2011). Corridor Plans: An Opportunity to Develop Low Carbon Open Spaces Network-The Case Study in Tehran, Iran. Corridor Plans and Open Spaces Network, 47th ISOCARP Congress (2011).

3. Habib, F., Atabi, F., Laghaei, H., Mousavi Fatemi H., Janfada, K. (2014). Design of Dareh-Darakeh Nature Park for Ecotourism Development in Tehran Metropolitan City. International Journal of Ecosystem 4(5) (2014): 224-232.

4. Municipality of Tehran., The Tehran Parks & Green Spaces Organization. (2009). Reviewing the plants of green spaces of Tehran report.
http://parks.tehran.ir/default.aspx?tabid=92&ArticleId=806.

5. Russell, T., Cutler, C. (2012). TREES: AN ILLUSTRATED IDENTIFIER AND ENCYCLOPEDIA. Hermes House. 123, 135, 139, 152.

6. Bernard, H., Habibi, M. (2005). Atlas of Tehran Metropolis. ICT Organisation.

7. Varahram, F., (2004). Passing the City on Water Documentary.

8. The ISNA news.

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Collaborative Design]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group L

2015-01-26T13:07:15Z

Shahmoradis: /* References */

---> back to group page [[Green Infrastructure 2014 - Working Group L|working group L]]

'''''Restoration of Darband River Valley with the Approach to a Green, High Quality Transportation Network'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Darband River Valley''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Tehran''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Iran''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ana Žmire, Shahla Shahmoradi, Fernanda Millán, Simona Sava-Paval''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:0051.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=35.696111
|lng=51.423055999999974
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==
*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''

*''Climate, water, and soil
Tehran is a mountainside city with an altitude of 900 to 1700 meters above the sea level located on the southern slopes of Alborz mountains. From east to west, the view is dominated by the Alborz mountains, with rivers that are full in springtime and dry in summertime, flowing to satiate underground water tables hidden in the very thick layers of sedimentary rocks (gravel, sand and clay) from the Quaternary. Multiple aqueducts bring the water to surface that, in turn, flows through irrigation canals and brooks along all streets and avenues of Tehran. Lower parts, between 900 to 1200 m, have a fertile soil and gentle slope that permit a productive agricultural activity. In these plains, there are many sources of surface or underground water tables, supplied by aqueducts, floodways and branched out rivers.
In the south of Tehran, the desert begins. Dry and very hot weather in summer and sometimes very cold in winter, make this region seem hostile. The contrast between mountain and desert, and even between north and south of the City, prevents weather crises from taking shape in any part of the year. When heavy snow obstructs mountain roads, plains in the rim of the desert have often a mild sunny weather.
Tehran region has a dry climate. The annual rate of rainfall is only 229mm at the downtown, 400mm in northern neighborhoods and less than 150mm in arable lands of south. Heavy rainfalls in Alborz mountains, mainly as snow, provide a fairly reliable source of water supply for Tehran’s residents and the City’s development. This water flows through a number of rivers and flood canals toward the desert in the south and is swallowed up by the thick layers of alluvium.

*''Main River Valleys in the City
Seven main river valleys pass through the city, including Darakeh, Velenjak, Darband, Golab Dareh, Jamshidyeh, Darabad, and Kan. All of these come from Alborz Mountains of Tehran, and after passing through urban areas reach lower plains in the south, where they meet agricultural lands. This case study concentrates on Darband river valley.
This river (“the Furious River” with 295/000/000 m3 of water per year) flows down from North mountains, passes beyond Hezardarreh hills, east of Tehran, and irrigates the great arable plain of Varamin.''

*''Overall Character and Current Conditions
By carefully looking at the map, Darband river valley and its path is recognized due to its especial natural form. But if we want to follow it in the city, it is not so easy. Some parts of it have been buried under buildings or streets. Other parts of it have been converted to "U" channels and covered by impervious materials such as stone. In terms of flora, except some scattered trees, which are planted alongside the wall of the river valley, there is not major planting adjacent to that. Actually the deep channels surrounding the bed of the river valley has taken the opportunity to plant trees, shrubs, or other kinds of vegetation. Right after the end of the river's walls, there are streets and buildings. This lack of attention to Darband river valley causes people to undermine it and throw their wastes in this river-channel, and this in turn causes major environmental pollution in the site.''

*''Flora
Tehran is rich in terms of the diversity of flora. While some of them are native to Iran, few, if any, of them are endemic to Tehran. Up to now, 13 endemic species of Tehran are known: Eritrichium mertonii (Family Boraginaceae), Buffonia hebecalyx (Family Caryophyllaceae), Stellaria scaturiginella (Family Caryophyllaceae), Centaurea carduiformis subsp. iranica (Family Compositae), Tanacetum polycephalum subsp. junesarens (Family Compositae), Taraxacum darbandense (Family Compositae), Convolvulus gracilininus (Family Ipomoea), Astragalus latianicus (Family Papaveraceae), Astragalus pseudobrunsianus (Family Papaveraceae), Hedysarum elbursense (Family Papaveraceae), Hedysarum hyrcanum var. hyrcanum (Family Papaveraceae), Vicia sojakii (Family Papaveraceae), Galium tehranicum (Family Rubiaceae). All of these species are herbaceous, which aren’t currently used in parks and landscapes. Predominant species of Tehran which are widely planted in parks, streets, and open spaces as well as alongside the river valleys are Platanus orientals, Morus nigra, Ulmus minor ‘umbraculifera’, Fraxinus excelsior, Quercus spp of broadleaved trees; Pinus eldarica and Cupressus arizonica of conifers; Lignustrum vulgare, Viburnum opulus, Nerium oleander, Berberis thunbergii of shrubs; and Common grass and Hedera helix of cover plants.

*''Connectivity to the Wider Green/Gray Structures
Darband river valley in its journey from Alborz Mountains toward plains through the middle of the city links many important services and facilities from urban to local scales. One of the most important structures is North Mountains itself, which during the week and weekends attract thousands of people to hike, mount, and spend leisure time. On the other hand, the river valley passes through main, high traffic roads and highways, which everyday millions of citizens use to go their work. All of these green/Gray structures stress the importance of this historical river valley and affect the river both negatively and positively. Before such an incredible development of the city, when all of the city with its borders was limited to current city center, most parts of these river valleys were far away from the city and its effects. At that time, mostly private gardens and orchards formed their banks.

*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Valleys.jpg|Main River Valleys
Image:Darband.jpg|Situation of Darband River Valley
Image:Journey.jpg|Journey of the River Valley from Mountains to Plains
</gallery>

== What are the overall objectives of your design? What are the specific objectives for enhancing green infrastrucutre? ==

''Please give a short written argumentation (not more than 150 words). It is ok if you have different or even contradicting objectives within your group. Just make it explicit at the beginning of your process ''

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing.''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Social nodes.jpg|Social nodes along the Darband river valley/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:Traffic nodes.jpg|Traffic analysis/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:An_1.jpg|Forman - Godron landscape ecology analysis shows that patches of open green spaces are scattered all across the city with no green connection between them. River valleys form separate corridors from north to south. Urban tissue matrix needs more patches of open green spaces that are interlinked with ecological corridors./Ana Žmire
Image:An_2.jpg|Cross sections of the Darband River valley/Ana Žmire
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes), of course with an emphasis on green infrastructure aspects. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing representing his/her individual ideas.''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Green Transportation network.jpg|Green Transportation network along the restored river valley/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:Restoration.jpg|Creating multifunctional green infrastructure/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:Pr_1.jpg|Green infrastructure elements that would improve Darband River valley/Ana Žmire
Image:Pr_2.jpg|Different zones of green infrastructure with an emphasis on different activities that would bring many benefits to the citizens/Ana Žmire
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==
''Please analyse the individual approaches presented so far and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses (you may use the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis SWOT]analysis model). Try to create a synthesis and represent it with a plan and some sketches. You can still use drawings/sketches.''

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Si_1.jpg|Zones of green infrastructure interconnected with Green Transportation network
Image:Si_2.jpg|Green infrastructure solutions for Darband River valley
Image:SWOT model.jpg|SWOT model for Darband river valley
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|synthesis drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''“From my point of view, our collaborative design process was a good teamwork through which I have learned to approach the project in the other way and effectively communicate in such a virtual world. I trained myself to evaluate the site from a landscape architect’s point of view. I didn’t find a major difficulty, we easily interacted with each other and shared our thoughts. I think collaborative design is a challenging process that if the members have most thoughts and behaviors in common, it can be a valuable, useful experience.” Shahla Shahmoradi''

''“Our collaborative design process was indeed teamwork, we came with different professional backgrounds and different visions for site improvement that we discussed and successfully banded together. We had no problems communicating and resolving issues we came across. This assignment made me explore the city that is culturally completely different from mine, has a rich past and I hope I’ll be able to visit it someday. During our collaborative design process I came across some difficulties concerning the site and accessing additional information on the internet (due to language differences) but Shahla managed to resolve all my problems and provide me with needed information. Collaborative design is always a challenge and especially while not being able to communicate and share thoughts personally, but despite all that I had a good time and have learned a lot during last few months of this seminar." Ana Žmire''

== Image Gallery ==

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Buried Parts.jpg|Buried Parts
Image:Abandoned Parts.jpg|Abandoned Parts
Image:Blue Structures.jpg|Gray Structures
Image:Visual and Tactile Disconnection.jpg|Visual and Tactile Disconnection
</gallery>

== References ==

1. Aminzadeh, B., Khansefid, M. (2010). A case study of urban ecological networks and a sustainable city: Tehran’s metropolitan area. Urban Ecosystems 13 (2010): 23-26.

2. Fathejalali, A., Masoudi, M. (2011). Corridor Plans: An Opportunity to Develop Low Carbon Open Spaces Network-The Case Study in Tehran, Iran. Corridor Plans and Open Spaces Network, 47th ISOCARP Congress (2011).

3. Habib, F., Atabi, F., Laghaei, H., Mousavi Fatemi H., Janfada, K. (2014). Design of Dareh-Darakeh Nature Park for Ecotourism Development in Tehran Metropolitan City. International Journal of Ecosystem 4(5) (2014): 224-232.

4. Municipality of Tehran., The Tehran Parks & Green Spaces Organization. (2009). Reviewing the plants of green spaces of Tehran report.
http://parks.tehran.ir/default.aspx?tabid=92&ArticleId=806.

5. Russell, T., Cutler, C. (2012). TREES: AN ILLUSTRATED IDENTIFIER AND ENCYCLOPEDIA. Hermes House. 123, 135, 139, 152.

6. Bernard, H., Habibi, M. (2005). Atlas of Tehran Metropolis. ICT Organisation.

7. Varahram, F., (2004). Passing the City on Water Documentary.

8. The ISNA news.

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Collaborative Design]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group L

2015-01-26T13:03:41Z

Shahmoradis: /* References */

---> back to group page [[Green Infrastructure 2014 - Working Group L|working group L]]

'''''Restoration of Darband River Valley with the Approach to a Green, High Quality Transportation Network'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Darband River Valley''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Tehran''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Iran''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ana Žmire, Shahla Shahmoradi, Fernanda Millán, Simona Sava-Paval''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:0051.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=35.696111
|lng=51.423055999999974
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==
*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''

*''Climate, water, and soil
Tehran is a mountainside city with an altitude of 900 to 1700 meters above the sea level located on the southern slopes of Alborz mountains. From east to west, the view is dominated by the Alborz mountains, with rivers that are full in springtime and dry in summertime, flowing to satiate underground water tables hidden in the very thick layers of sedimentary rocks (gravel, sand and clay) from the Quaternary. Multiple aqueducts bring the water to surface that, in turn, flows through irrigation canals and brooks along all streets and avenues of Tehran. Lower parts, between 900 to 1200 m, have a fertile soil and gentle slope that permit a productive agricultural activity. In these plains, there are many sources of surface or underground water tables, supplied by aqueducts, floodways and branched out rivers.
In the south of Tehran, the desert begins. Dry and very hot weather in summer and sometimes very cold in winter, make this region seem hostile. The contrast between mountain and desert, and even between north and south of the City, prevents weather crises from taking shape in any part of the year. When heavy snow obstructs mountain roads, plains in the rim of the desert have often a mild sunny weather.
Tehran region has a dry climate. The annual rate of rainfall is only 229mm at the downtown, 400mm in northern neighborhoods and less than 150mm in arable lands of south. Heavy rainfalls in Alborz mountains, mainly as snow, provide a fairly reliable source of water supply for Tehran’s residents and the City’s development. This water flows through a number of rivers and flood canals toward the desert in the south and is swallowed up by the thick layers of alluvium.

*''Main River Valleys in the City
Seven main river valleys pass through the city, including Darakeh, Velenjak, Darband, Golab Dareh, Jamshidyeh, Darabad, and Kan. All of these come from Alborz Mountains of Tehran, and after passing through urban areas reach lower plains in the south, where they meet agricultural lands. This case study concentrates on Darband river valley.
This river (“the Furious River” with 295/000/000 m3 of water per year) flows down from North mountains, passes beyond Hezardarreh hills, east of Tehran, and irrigates the great arable plain of Varamin.''

*''Overall Character and Current Conditions
By carefully looking at the map, Darband river valley and its path is recognized due to its especial natural form. But if we want to follow it in the city, it is not so easy. Some parts of it have been buried under buildings or streets. Other parts of it have been converted to "U" channels and covered by impervious materials such as stone. In terms of flora, except some scattered trees, which are planted alongside the wall of the river valley, there is not major planting adjacent to that. Actually the deep channels surrounding the bed of the river valley has taken the opportunity to plant trees, shrubs, or other kinds of vegetation. Right after the end of the river's walls, there are streets and buildings. This lack of attention to Darband river valley causes people to undermine it and throw their wastes in this river-channel, and this in turn causes major environmental pollution in the site.''

*''Flora
Tehran is rich in terms of the diversity of flora. While some of them are native to Iran, few, if any, of them are endemic to Tehran. Up to now, 13 endemic species of Tehran are known: Eritrichium mertonii (Family Boraginaceae), Buffonia hebecalyx (Family Caryophyllaceae), Stellaria scaturiginella (Family Caryophyllaceae), Centaurea carduiformis subsp. iranica (Family Compositae), Tanacetum polycephalum subsp. junesarens (Family Compositae), Taraxacum darbandense (Family Compositae), Convolvulus gracilininus (Family Ipomoea), Astragalus latianicus (Family Papaveraceae), Astragalus pseudobrunsianus (Family Papaveraceae), Hedysarum elbursense (Family Papaveraceae), Hedysarum hyrcanum var. hyrcanum (Family Papaveraceae), Vicia sojakii (Family Papaveraceae), Galium tehranicum (Family Rubiaceae). All of these species are herbaceous, which aren’t currently used in parks and landscapes. Predominant species of Tehran which are widely planted in parks, streets, and open spaces as well as alongside the river valleys are Platanus orientals, Morus nigra, Ulmus minor ‘umbraculifera’, Fraxinus excelsior, Quercus spp of broadleaved trees; Pinus eldarica and Cupressus arizonica of conifers; Lignustrum vulgare, Viburnum opulus, Nerium oleander, Berberis thunbergii of shrubs; and Common grass and Hedera helix of cover plants.

*''Connectivity to the Wider Green/Gray Structures
Darband river valley in its journey from Alborz Mountains toward plains through the middle of the city links many important services and facilities from urban to local scales. One of the most important structures is North Mountains itself, which during the week and weekends attract thousands of people to hike, mount, and spend leisure time. On the other hand, the river valley passes through main, high traffic roads and highways, which everyday millions of citizens use to go their work. All of these green/Gray structures stress the importance of this historical river valley and affect the river both negatively and positively. Before such an incredible development of the city, when all of the city with its borders was limited to current city center, most parts of these river valleys were far away from the city and its effects. At that time, mostly private gardens and orchards formed their banks.

*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Valleys.jpg|Main River Valleys
Image:Darband.jpg|Situation of Darband River Valley
Image:Journey.jpg|Journey of the River Valley from Mountains to Plains
</gallery>

== What are the overall objectives of your design? What are the specific objectives for enhancing green infrastrucutre? ==

''Please give a short written argumentation (not more than 150 words). It is ok if you have different or even contradicting objectives within your group. Just make it explicit at the beginning of your process ''

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing.''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Social nodes.jpg|Social nodes along the Darband river valley/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:Traffic nodes.jpg|Traffic analysis/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:An_1.jpg|Forman - Godron landscape ecology analysis shows that patches of open green spaces are scattered all across the city with no green connection between them. River valleys form separate corridors from north to south. Urban tissue matrix needs more patches of open green spaces that are interlinked with ecological corridors./Ana Žmire
Image:An_2.jpg|Cross sections of the Darband River valley/Ana Žmire
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes), of course with an emphasis on green infrastructure aspects. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing representing his/her individual ideas.''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Green Transportation network.jpg|Green Transportation network along the restored river valley/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:Restoration.jpg|Creating multifunctional green infrastructure/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:Pr_1.jpg|Green infrastructure elements that would improve Darband River valley/Ana Žmire
Image:Pr_2.jpg|Different zones of green infrastructure with an emphasis on different activities that would bring many benefits to the citizens/Ana Žmire
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==
''Please analyse the individual approaches presented so far and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses (you may use the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis SWOT]analysis model). Try to create a synthesis and represent it with a plan and some sketches. You can still use drawings/sketches.''

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Si_1.jpg|Zones of green infrastructure interconnected with Green Transportation network
Image:Si_2.jpg|Green infrastructure solutions for Darband River valley
Image:SWOT model.jpg|SWOT model for Darband river valley
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|synthesis drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''“From my point of view, our collaborative design process was a good teamwork through which I have learned to approach the project in the other way and effectively communicate in such a virtual world. I trained myself to evaluate the site from a landscape architect’s point of view. I didn’t find a major difficulty, we easily interacted with each other and shared our thoughts. I think collaborative design is a challenging process that if the members have most thoughts and behaviors in common, it can be a valuable, useful experience.” Shahla Shahmoradi''

''“Our collaborative design process was indeed teamwork, we came with different professional backgrounds and different visions for site improvement that we discussed and successfully banded together. We had no problems communicating and resolving issues we came across. This assignment made me explore the city that is culturally completely different from mine, has a rich past and I hope I’ll be able to visit it someday. During our collaborative design process I came across some difficulties concerning the site and accessing additional information on the internet (due to language differences) but Shahla managed to resolve all my problems and provide me with needed information. Collaborative design is always a challenge and especially while not being able to communicate and share thoughts personally, but despite all that I had a good time and have learned a lot during last few months of this seminar." Ana Žmire''

== Image Gallery ==

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Buried Parts.jpg|Buried Parts
Image:Abandoned Parts.jpg|Abandoned Parts
Image:Blue Structures.jpg|Gray Structures
Image:Visual and Tactile Disconnection.jpg|Visual and Tactile Disconnection
</gallery>

== References ==

1. Aminzadeh, B., Khansefid, M. (2010). A case study of urban ecological networks and a sustainable city: Tehran’s metropolitan area. Urban Ecosystems 13 (2010): 23-26.

2. Fathejalali, A., Masoudi, M. (2011). Corridor Plans: An Opportunity to Develop Low Carbon Open Spaces Network-The Case Study in Tehran, Iran. Corridor Plans and Open Spaces Network, 47th ISOCARP Congress (2011).

3. Habib, F., Atabi, F., Laghaei, H., Mousavi Fatemi H., Janfada, K. (2014). Design of Dareh-Darakeh Nature Park for Ecotourism Development in Tehran Metropolitan City. International Journal of Ecosystem 4(5) (2014): 224-232.

4. Municipality of Tehran., The Tehran Parks & Green Spaces Organization. (2009). Reviewing the plants of green spaces of Tehran report.
http://parks.tehran.ir/default.aspx?tabid=92&ArticleId=806

5. Russell, T., Cutler, C. (2012). TREES: AN ILLUSTRATED IDENTIFIER AND ENCYCLOPEDIA. Hermes House. 123, 135, 139, 152.

6. Bernard, H., Habibi, M. (2005). Atlas of Tehran Metropolis. ICT Organisation

7. Varahram, F., (2004). Passing the City on Water Documentary

8. The news website of ISNA.

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Collaborative Design]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Green Infrastructure 2014 Group L - Case Study 2

2015-01-26T13:00:40Z

Shahmoradis: /* References */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_L|working group L]]

'''''Restoration of Darband River Valley with the Approach to a Green, High Quality Transportation Network'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Darband River Valley''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Iran''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Tehran''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Shahla Shahmoradi''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Darband River Valley.JPG|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=300
|lat=35.696111
|lng=51.423055999999974
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

''River valleys are a valuable feature of Tehran in this arid climate. They act as lungs of a city which bring fresh air from mountains. Unfortunately, there is not much attention to this natural feature in Tehran. Actually, in many parts of the city, their beds have been covered by non-permeable materials, and even worse they have been replaced by highways with a lot of natural and social consequences. On the other hand, Tehran is also a megacity with huge inner-city travels and a burgeoning interest in walking and biking. However, there are not safe and enjoyable spaces to comfortably walk and bike. I see these river valleys a great opportunity to convert to an ecological pathway. Besides discharging stormwater, they have a remarkable potential to more integrate communities, more tie people to nature, make people healthy, and provide a sustainable delightful transportation network.''

== Author's perspective ==
''I have a bachelor's degree in Urbanism, and worked for about three years in two consulting engineers firms. I currently collaborate with a research office, and research into ecocities. On one of the projects at my previous workplace, I, as a team member, worked on adjacent neighborhoods of a highway. This highway passed through tight neighborhoods with strong relationships. After detailed studies, we found out this highway caused extraordinary disintegration within the communities so that even some children had to cross over the highway to reach their schools. After living near one of these highways which once was a river valley, I have more deeply perceived this disintegration as well as huge noise and air pollution. This has always been my challenge that following this fact that we have a lot of north-south river valleys which have a great potential to convert to a green infrastructure and we need more ways, why we don’t restore these valleys and improve green transportation with the help of them. More dedicating spaces to automobiles means more pollution, more congestion, more illnesses, and more disintegrated communities, while providing delightful environments to walking, biking, and convenient public transportation means more healthy citizens, more environmentally friendly infrastructures, and more sustainable environments and communities, which is what river valleys can give us. Sometimes, I really desire to bike or walk to my destination but in this polluted and automobile-oriented city, I hardly even persuade myself to go out! I believe this megacity with burgeoning population and inner-city travels needs a redefinition of their transportation network toward a sustainable future. My intention of studying this case is restoration of river valleys with the approach to green, high quality transportation network.''

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

*''Main River Valleys in the City
Seven main river valleys pass through the city, including Darakeh, Velenjak, Darband, Golab Dareh, Jamshidyeh, Darabad, and Kan. All of these come from Alborz Mountains of Tehran, and after passing through urban areas reach lower plains in the south, where they meet agricultural lands. My case study concentrates on Darband river valley, which passes alongside my neighborhood.''

*''Overall Character and Current Conditions
By carefully looking at the map, Darband river valley and its path is recognized due to its especial natural form. But if we want to follow it in the city, it is not so easy. Some parts of it have been buried under buildings or streets. Other parts of it have been converted to "U" channels and covered by impervious materials such as stone. In terms of flora, except some scattered trees, which are planted alongside the wall of the river valley, there is not major planting adjacent to that. Actually the deep channels surrounding the bed of the river valley has taken the opportunity to plant trees, shrubs, or other kinds of vegetation. Right after the end of the river's walls, there are streets and buildings. This lack of attention to Darband river valley causes people to undermine it and throw their wastes in this river-channel, and this in turn causes major environmental pollution in the site.''

*''Flora
Tehran is rich in terms of the diversity of flora. While some of them are native to Iran, few, if any, of them are endemic to Tehran. Up to now, 13 endemic species of Tehran are known: Eritrichium mertonii (Family Boraginaceae), Buffonia hebecalyx (Family Caryophyllaceae), Stellaria scaturiginella (Family Caryophyllaceae), Centaurea carduiformis subsp. iranica (Family Compositae), Tanacetum polycephalum subsp. junesarens (Family Compositae), Taraxacum darbandense (Family Compositae), Convolvulus gracilininus (Family Ipomoea), Astragalus latianicus (Family Papaveraceae), Astragalus pseudobrunsianus (Family Papaveraceae), Hedysarum elbursense (Family Papaveraceae), Hedysarum hyrcanum var. hyrcanum (Family Papaveraceae), Vicia sojakii (Family Papaveraceae), Galium tehranicum (Family Rubiaceae). All of these species are herbaceous, which aren’t currently used in parks and landscapes. Predominant species of Tehran which are widely planted in parks, streets, and open spaces as well as alongside the river valleys are Platanus orientals, Morus nigra, Ulmus minor ‘umbraculifera’, Fraxinus excelsior, Quercus spp of broadleaved trees; Pinus eldarica and Cupressus arizonica of conifers; Lignustrum vulgare, Viburnum opulus, Nerium oleander, Berberis thunbergii of shrubs; and Common grass and Hedera helix of cover plants.

*''Connectivity to the Wider Green/Gray Structures
Darband river valley in its journey from Alborz Mountains toward plains through the middle of the city links many important services and facilities from urban to local scales. One of the most important structures is North Mountains itself, which during the week and weekends attract thousands of people to hike, mount, and spend leisure time. On the other hand, the river valley passes through main, high traffic roads and highways, which everyday millions of citizens use to go their work. All of these green/Gray structures stress the importance of this historical river valley and affect the river both negatively and positively. Before such an incredible development of the city, when all of the city with its borders was limited to current city center, most parts of these river valleys were far away from the city and its effects. At that time, mostly private gardens and orchards formed their banks.
*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Valleys.jpg|Main River Valleys
Image:Darband.jpg|Situation of Darband River Valley
Image:Buried Parts.jpg|Buried Parts
Image:Abandoned Parts.jpg|Abandoned Parts
Image:Blue Structures.jpg|Gray Structures
Image:Visual and Tactile Disconnection.jpg|Visual and Tactile Disconnection
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Connection.jpg|Connection of Green Infrastructures by Darband River Valley
Image:Gray.jpg|Main Roads Crossing The River
Image:001.jpg|Effects of Covering the Bed of the River on Environment
Image:U-Channel Part of Darband River Valley in Relation to the City.jpg|U-Channel Part of Darband River Valley in Relation to the City
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''GI in my site could satisfy social, ecological, economic, and human health benefits as well as connectivity and integration. Among them, at first stage ecological and human health benefits, at the second stage connectivity, and then social benefits are predominant. While restoration of Darband River Valley provides a great biodiversity, good drainage, managed stormwater, more planted areas, and as a whole a healthy, efficient natural ecosystem, pedestrian and bicycle paths and public transportation provide high quality of connectivity between various parts of the city which is an absolute demand in this megacity and especially this direction. All these help ease tension among citizens, make people attentive to nature, maintain hydrologic cycle, reduce the emission of greenhouse gases, and mitigate climate change which can directly or indirectly result in economic benefits. From an economic point of view, while such a sustainable environment can attract huge investments to benefit from a high quality of life, more people and investors are induced to put money into green infrastructures. And more importantly, people can benefit from an economic, enjoyable, healthy transportation network. From a social point of view, people gradually notice the importance of natural ecosystems and their services since they would have been integrated with their neighborhoods and their daily life. People make themselves responsible to preserve this natural environment which not only can bring an incredible economic benefit, but can create resilient communities by gathering people and motivating them through participation.''

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Following my approaches to the site, I have classified major functions as restoring the ecosystem of Darband River Valley, managing stormwater, promoting accessibility with the help of pedestrian and bicycle routes as well as green public transportation such as trams and trains, connecting major and minor parks and amenities by an ecological corridor, integrating communities, and providing leisure, recreation and pleasant spaces for residents and citizens as a whole. There are absolutely subfunctions under each of these major functions that can comprehensively cover all of my intentions to the site which namely are controlling floods, reducing environmental pollution, improving aesthetics, providing more sport facilities, using native and drought-adapted plants in this arid climate, and educating people.''

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''I mainly plan to only restore the bed of Darband River Valley in 1-2 years because its bed is currently blocked under materials and its soil needs to absorb oxygen and acquire stability. This is an important step, so after removing the materials and returning the bed to its natural form, it is needed to plant trees and shrubs which help stabilize and enrich soil.''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''Within 10-15 years, the buildings within the boundary of Darband River Valley and some areas beyond that should be removed and dedicated to greenway. The proposed cross section is general for throughout the route of Darband River Valley. However, where removing the buildings is not possible, the greenway will be dedicated to pedestrian and bicycle paths, and public transportation will pass through the existing streets.''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Restoration-1-2 year.jpg|Restoration of the Bed of Darband River Valley in the Near Future
Image:Restoration-10-15 year.jpg|Converting the Area Adjacent to the River Valley to a Green Transportation Network in 10-15 Years
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''Nature has great, hidden potentials to help us save biota in these disturbed conditions. Green infrastructures are a strong, nature-based solution that can alleviate these harsh conditions by applying the potentials of nature. Especially, with burgeoning growth of population and expanding the area and number of cities, the demand for green infrastructures is more sensible. Ignoring the natural ecosystems and consequences of our actions has caused many disruptions on our planet. Climate change, greenhouse effects, food and fresh water scarcity, species extinction, and environmental pollution are major problems of the modern world which most of those can be cut by environmentally friendly design and planning of cities and settlements. On the other hand, from my point of view, access is a significant challenge of metropolitan areas and cities that, by inappropriate strategies such as automobile-oriented developments, can cause many environmental and social problems. I have tried to address these major challenges, occupied me for a long time, toward a sustainable solution on my case study.''

== Image Gallery ==
''Please add further images/photos here''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
</gallery>

== References ==

*''Municipality of Tehran., The Tehran Parks & Green Spaces Organization. (2009). Reviewing the plants of green spaces of Tehran report.
http://parks.tehran.ir/default.aspx?tabid=92&ArticleId=806''
*''Russell, T., Cutler, C. (2012). TREES: AN ILLUSTRATED IDENTIFIER AND ENCYCLOPEDIA. Hermes House. 123, 135, 139, 152.''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group L

2015-01-26T12:57:59Z

Shahmoradis: /* Design Synthesis */

---> back to group page [[Green Infrastructure 2014 - Working Group L|working group L]]

'''''Restoration of Darband River Valley with the Approach to a Green, High Quality Transportation Network'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Darband River Valley''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Tehran''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Iran''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ana Žmire, Shahla Shahmoradi, Fernanda Millán, Simona Sava-Paval''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:0051.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=35.696111
|lng=51.423055999999974
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==
*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''

*''Climate, water, and soil
Tehran is a mountainside city with an altitude of 900 to 1700 meters above the sea level located on the southern slopes of Alborz mountains. From east to west, the view is dominated by the Alborz mountains, with rivers that are full in springtime and dry in summertime, flowing to satiate underground water tables hidden in the very thick layers of sedimentary rocks (gravel, sand and clay) from the Quaternary. Multiple aqueducts bring the water to surface that, in turn, flows through irrigation canals and brooks along all streets and avenues of Tehran. Lower parts, between 900 to 1200 m, have a fertile soil and gentle slope that permit a productive agricultural activity. In these plains, there are many sources of surface or underground water tables, supplied by aqueducts, floodways and branched out rivers.
In the south of Tehran, the desert begins. Dry and very hot weather in summer and sometimes very cold in winter, make this region seem hostile. The contrast between mountain and desert, and even between north and south of the City, prevents weather crises from taking shape in any part of the year. When heavy snow obstructs mountain roads, plains in the rim of the desert have often a mild sunny weather.
Tehran region has a dry climate. The annual rate of rainfall is only 229mm at the downtown, 400mm in northern neighborhoods and less than 150mm in arable lands of south. Heavy rainfalls in Alborz mountains, mainly as snow, provide a fairly reliable source of water supply for Tehran’s residents and the City’s development. This water flows through a number of rivers and flood canals toward the desert in the south and is swallowed up by the thick layers of alluvium.

*''Main River Valleys in the City
Seven main river valleys pass through the city, including Darakeh, Velenjak, Darband, Golab Dareh, Jamshidyeh, Darabad, and Kan. All of these come from Alborz Mountains of Tehran, and after passing through urban areas reach lower plains in the south, where they meet agricultural lands. This case study concentrates on Darband river valley.
This river (“the Furious River” with 295/000/000 m3 of water per year) flows down from North mountains, passes beyond Hezardarreh hills, east of Tehran, and irrigates the great arable plain of Varamin.''

*''Overall Character and Current Conditions
By carefully looking at the map, Darband river valley and its path is recognized due to its especial natural form. But if we want to follow it in the city, it is not so easy. Some parts of it have been buried under buildings or streets. Other parts of it have been converted to "U" channels and covered by impervious materials such as stone. In terms of flora, except some scattered trees, which are planted alongside the wall of the river valley, there is not major planting adjacent to that. Actually the deep channels surrounding the bed of the river valley has taken the opportunity to plant trees, shrubs, or other kinds of vegetation. Right after the end of the river's walls, there are streets and buildings. This lack of attention to Darband river valley causes people to undermine it and throw their wastes in this river-channel, and this in turn causes major environmental pollution in the site.''

*''Flora
Tehran is rich in terms of the diversity of flora. While some of them are native to Iran, few, if any, of them are endemic to Tehran. Up to now, 13 endemic species of Tehran are known: Eritrichium mertonii (Family Boraginaceae), Buffonia hebecalyx (Family Caryophyllaceae), Stellaria scaturiginella (Family Caryophyllaceae), Centaurea carduiformis subsp. iranica (Family Compositae), Tanacetum polycephalum subsp. junesarens (Family Compositae), Taraxacum darbandense (Family Compositae), Convolvulus gracilininus (Family Ipomoea), Astragalus latianicus (Family Papaveraceae), Astragalus pseudobrunsianus (Family Papaveraceae), Hedysarum elbursense (Family Papaveraceae), Hedysarum hyrcanum var. hyrcanum (Family Papaveraceae), Vicia sojakii (Family Papaveraceae), Galium tehranicum (Family Rubiaceae). All of these species are herbaceous, which aren’t currently used in parks and landscapes. Predominant species of Tehran which are widely planted in parks, streets, and open spaces as well as alongside the river valleys are Platanus orientals, Morus nigra, Ulmus minor ‘umbraculifera’, Fraxinus excelsior, Quercus spp of broadleaved trees; Pinus eldarica and Cupressus arizonica of conifers; Lignustrum vulgare, Viburnum opulus, Nerium oleander, Berberis thunbergii of shrubs; and Common grass and Hedera helix of cover plants.

*''Connectivity to the Wider Green/Gray Structures
Darband river valley in its journey from Alborz Mountains toward plains through the middle of the city links many important services and facilities from urban to local scales. One of the most important structures is North Mountains itself, which during the week and weekends attract thousands of people to hike, mount, and spend leisure time. On the other hand, the river valley passes through main, high traffic roads and highways, which everyday millions of citizens use to go their work. All of these green/Gray structures stress the importance of this historical river valley and affect the river both negatively and positively. Before such an incredible development of the city, when all of the city with its borders was limited to current city center, most parts of these river valleys were far away from the city and its effects. At that time, mostly private gardens and orchards formed their banks.

*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Valleys.jpg|Main River Valleys
Image:Darband.jpg|Situation of Darband River Valley
Image:Journey.jpg|Journey of the River Valley from Mountains to Plains
</gallery>

== What are the overall objectives of your design? What are the specific objectives for enhancing green infrastrucutre? ==

''Please give a short written argumentation (not more than 150 words). It is ok if you have different or even contradicting objectives within your group. Just make it explicit at the beginning of your process ''

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing.''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Social nodes.jpg|Social nodes along the Darband river valley/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:Traffic nodes.jpg|Traffic analysis/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:An_1.jpg|Forman - Godron landscape ecology analysis shows that patches of open green spaces are scattered all across the city with no green connection between them. River valleys form separate corridors from north to south. Urban tissue matrix needs more patches of open green spaces that are interlinked with ecological corridors./Ana Žmire
Image:An_2.jpg|Cross sections of the Darband River valley/Ana Žmire
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes), of course with an emphasis on green infrastructure aspects. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing representing his/her individual ideas.''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Green Transportation network.jpg|Green Transportation network along the restored river valley/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:Restoration.jpg|Creating multifunctional green infrastructure/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:Pr_1.jpg|Green infrastructure elements that would improve Darband River valley/Ana Žmire
Image:Pr_2.jpg|Different zones of green infrastructure with an emphasis on different activities that would bring many benefits to the citizens/Ana Žmire
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==
''Please analyse the individual approaches presented so far and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses (you may use the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis SWOT]analysis model). Try to create a synthesis and represent it with a plan and some sketches. You can still use drawings/sketches.''

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Si_1.jpg|Zones of green infrastructure interconnected with Green Transportation network
Image:Si_2.jpg|Green infrastructure solutions for Darband River valley
Image:SWOT model.jpg|SWOT model for Darband river valley
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|synthesis drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''“From my point of view, our collaborative design process was a good teamwork through which I have learned to approach the project in the other way and effectively communicate in such a virtual world. I trained myself to evaluate the site from a landscape architect’s point of view. I didn’t find a major difficulty, we easily interacted with each other and shared our thoughts. I think collaborative design is a challenging process that if the members have most thoughts and behaviors in common, it can be a valuable, useful experience.” Shahla Shahmoradi''

''“Our collaborative design process was indeed teamwork, we came with different professional backgrounds and different visions for site improvement that we discussed and successfully banded together. We had no problems communicating and resolving issues we came across. This assignment made me explore the city that is culturally completely different from mine, has a rich past and I hope I’ll be able to visit it someday. During our collaborative design process I came across some difficulties concerning the site and accessing additional information on the internet (due to language differences) but Shahla managed to resolve all my problems and provide me with needed information. Collaborative design is always a challenge and especially while not being able to communicate and share thoughts personally, but despite all that I had a good time and have learned a lot during last few months of this seminar." Ana Žmire''

== Image Gallery ==

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Buried Parts.jpg|Buried Parts
Image:Abandoned Parts.jpg|Abandoned Parts
Image:Blue Structures.jpg|Gray Structures
Image:Visual and Tactile Disconnection.jpg|Visual and Tactile Disconnection
</gallery>

== References ==

1. Aminzadeh, B., Khansefid, M. (2010). A case study of urban ecological networks and a sustainable city: Tehran’s metropolitan area. Urban Ecosystems 13 (2010): 23-26.

2. Fathejalali, A., Masoudi, M. (2011). Corridor Plans: An Opportunity to Develop Low Carbon Open Spaces Network-The Case Study in Tehran, Iran. Corridor Plans and Open Spaces Network, 47th ISOCARP Congress (2011).

3. Habib, F., Atabi, F., Laghaei, H., Mousavi Fatemi H., Janfada, K. (2014). Design of Dareh-Darakeh Nature Park for Ecotourism Development in Tehran Metropolitan City. International Journal of Ecosystem 4(5) (2014): 224-232.

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Collaborative Design]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

File:SWOT model.jpg

2015-01-26T12:56:07Z

Shahmoradis:

Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group L

2015-01-25T21:28:16Z

Shahmoradis: /* Summary of the collaborative process */

---> back to group page [[Green Infrastructure 2014 - Working Group L|working group L]]

'''''Restoration of Darband River Valley with the Approach to a Green, High Quality Transportation Network'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Darband River Valley''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Tehran''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Iran''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ana Žmire, Shahla Shahmoradi, Fernanda Millán, Simona Sava-Paval''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:0051.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=35.696111
|lng=51.423055999999974
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==
*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''

*''Climate, water, and soil
Tehran is a mountainside city with an altitude of 900 to 1700 meters above the sea level located on the southern slopes of Alborz mountains. From east to west, the view is dominated by the Alborz mountains, with rivers that are full in springtime and dry in summertime, flowing to satiate underground water tables hidden in the very thick layers of sedimentary rocks (gravel, sand and clay) from the Quaternary. Multiple aqueducts bring the water to surface that, in turn, flows through irrigation canals and brooks along all streets and avenues of Tehran. Lower parts, between 900 to 1200 m, have a fertile soil and gentle slope that permit a productive agricultural activity. In these plains, there are many sources of surface or underground water tables, supplied by aqueducts, floodways and branched out rivers.
In the south of Tehran, the desert begins. Dry and very hot weather in summer and sometimes very cold in winter, make this region seem hostile. The contrast between mountain and desert, and even between north and south of the City, prevents weather crises from taking shape in any part of the year. When heavy snow obstructs mountain roads, plains in the rim of the desert have often a mild sunny weather.
Tehran region has a dry climate. The annual rate of rainfall is only 229mm at the downtown, 400mm in northern neighborhoods and less than 150mm in arable lands of south. Heavy rainfalls in Alborz mountains, mainly as snow, provide a fairly reliable source of water supply for Tehran’s residents and the City’s development. This water flows through a number of rivers and flood canals toward the desert in the south and is swallowed up by the thick layers of alluvium.

*''Main River Valleys in the City
Seven main river valleys pass through the city, including Darakeh, Velenjak, Darband, Golab Dareh, Jamshidyeh, Darabad, and Kan. All of these come from Alborz Mountains of Tehran, and after passing through urban areas reach lower plains in the south, where they meet agricultural lands. This case study concentrates on Darband river valley.
This river (“the Furious River” with 295/000/000 m3 of water per year) flows down from North mountains, passes beyond Hezardarreh hills, east of Tehran, and irrigates the great arable plain of Varamin.''

*''Overall Character and Current Conditions
By carefully looking at the map, Darband river valley and its path is recognized due to its especial natural form. But if we want to follow it in the city, it is not so easy. Some parts of it have been buried under buildings or streets. Other parts of it have been converted to "U" channels and covered by impervious materials such as stone. In terms of flora, except some scattered trees, which are planted alongside the wall of the river valley, there is not major planting adjacent to that. Actually the deep channels surrounding the bed of the river valley has taken the opportunity to plant trees, shrubs, or other kinds of vegetation. Right after the end of the river's walls, there are streets and buildings. This lack of attention to Darband river valley causes people to undermine it and throw their wastes in this river-channel, and this in turn causes major environmental pollution in the site.''

*''Flora
Tehran is rich in terms of the diversity of flora. While some of them are native to Iran, few, if any, of them are endemic to Tehran. Up to now, 13 endemic species of Tehran are known: Eritrichium mertonii (Family Boraginaceae), Buffonia hebecalyx (Family Caryophyllaceae), Stellaria scaturiginella (Family Caryophyllaceae), Centaurea carduiformis subsp. iranica (Family Compositae), Tanacetum polycephalum subsp. junesarens (Family Compositae), Taraxacum darbandense (Family Compositae), Convolvulus gracilininus (Family Ipomoea), Astragalus latianicus (Family Papaveraceae), Astragalus pseudobrunsianus (Family Papaveraceae), Hedysarum elbursense (Family Papaveraceae), Hedysarum hyrcanum var. hyrcanum (Family Papaveraceae), Vicia sojakii (Family Papaveraceae), Galium tehranicum (Family Rubiaceae). All of these species are herbaceous, which aren’t currently used in parks and landscapes. Predominant species of Tehran which are widely planted in parks, streets, and open spaces as well as alongside the river valleys are Platanus orientals, Morus nigra, Ulmus minor ‘umbraculifera’, Fraxinus excelsior, Quercus spp of broadleaved trees; Pinus eldarica and Cupressus arizonica of conifers; Lignustrum vulgare, Viburnum opulus, Nerium oleander, Berberis thunbergii of shrubs; and Common grass and Hedera helix of cover plants.

*''Connectivity to the Wider Green/Gray Structures
Darband river valley in its journey from Alborz Mountains toward plains through the middle of the city links many important services and facilities from urban to local scales. One of the most important structures is North Mountains itself, which during the week and weekends attract thousands of people to hike, mount, and spend leisure time. On the other hand, the river valley passes through main, high traffic roads and highways, which everyday millions of citizens use to go their work. All of these green/Gray structures stress the importance of this historical river valley and affect the river both negatively and positively. Before such an incredible development of the city, when all of the city with its borders was limited to current city center, most parts of these river valleys were far away from the city and its effects. At that time, mostly private gardens and orchards formed their banks.

*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Valleys.jpg|Main River Valleys
Image:Darband.jpg|Situation of Darband River Valley
Image:Buried Parts.jpg|Buried Parts
Image:Abandoned Parts.jpg|Abandoned Parts
Image:Blue Structures.jpg|Gray Structures
Image:Visual and Tactile Disconnection.jpg|Visual and Tactile Disconnection
Image:Journey.jpg|Journey of the River Valley from Mountains to Plains
</gallery>

== What are the overall objectives of your design? What are the specific objectives for enhancing green infrastrucutre? ==

''Please give a short written argumentation (not more than 150 words). It is ok if you have different or even contradicting objectives within your group. Just make it explicit at the beginning of your process ''

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing.''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Social nodes.jpg|Social nodes along the Darband river valley/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:Traffic nodes.jpg|Traffic analysis/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|analytical drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|analytical drawing 4
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes), of course with an emphasis on green infrastructure aspects. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing representing his/her individual ideas.''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Green Transportation network.jpg|Green Transportation network along the restored river valley/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:Restoration.jpg|Creating multifunctional green infrastructure/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|projective drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|projective drawing 4
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==
''Please analyse the individual approaches presented so far and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses (you may use the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis SWOT]analysis model). Try to create a synthesis and represent it with a plan and some sketches. You can still use drawings/sketches.''

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|synthesis drawing 1
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|synthesis drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|synthesis drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|synthesis drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''“From my point of view, our collaborative design process was a good teamwork through which I have learned to approach the project in the other way and effectively communicate in such a virtual world. I trained myself to evaluate the site from a landscape architect’s point of view. I didn’t find a major difficulty, we easily interacted with each other and shared our thoughts. I think collaborative design is a challenging process that if the members have most thoughts and behaviors in common, it can be a valuable, useful experience.” Shahla Shahmoradi''

''Please reflect on your collaborative design process. Which potentials have you encountered? What was most difficult? What does collaborative design mean for you? (approx 150 words).''

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|image 1
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|image 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|image 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|image 4
</gallery>

== References ==
''* Please make sure that you give proper references of all external resources used.''

''* Do not use images of which you do not hold the copyright.''

''* Please add internet links to other resources if necessary.''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Collaborative Design]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group L

2015-01-25T21:20:11Z

Shahmoradis: /* Summary of the collaborative process */

---> back to group page [[Green Infrastructure 2014 - Working Group L|working group L]]

'''''Restoration of Darband River Valley with the Approach to a Green, High Quality Transportation Network'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Darband River Valley''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Tehran''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Iran''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ana Žmire, Shahla Shahmoradi, Fernanda Millán, Simona Sava-Paval''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:0051.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=35.696111
|lng=51.423055999999974
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==
*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''

*''Climate, water, and soil
Tehran is a mountainside city with an altitude of 900 to 1700 meters above the sea level located on the southern slopes of Alborz mountains. From east to west, the view is dominated by the Alborz mountains, with rivers that are full in springtime and dry in summertime, flowing to satiate underground water tables hidden in the very thick layers of sedimentary rocks (gravel, sand and clay) from the Quaternary. Multiple aqueducts bring the water to surface that, in turn, flows through irrigation canals and brooks along all streets and avenues of Tehran. Lower parts, between 900 to 1200 m, have a fertile soil and gentle slope that permit a productive agricultural activity. In these plains, there are many sources of surface or underground water tables, supplied by aqueducts, floodways and branched out rivers.
In the south of Tehran, the desert begins. Dry and very hot weather in summer and sometimes very cold in winter, make this region seem hostile. The contrast between mountain and desert, and even between north and south of the City, prevents weather crises from taking shape in any part of the year. When heavy snow obstructs mountain roads, plains in the rim of the desert have often a mild sunny weather.
Tehran region has a dry climate. The annual rate of rainfall is only 229mm at the downtown, 400mm in northern neighborhoods and less than 150mm in arable lands of south. Heavy rainfalls in Alborz mountains, mainly as snow, provide a fairly reliable source of water supply for Tehran’s residents and the City’s development. This water flows through a number of rivers and flood canals toward the desert in the south and is swallowed up by the thick layers of alluvium.

*''Main River Valleys in the City
Seven main river valleys pass through the city, including Darakeh, Velenjak, Darband, Golab Dareh, Jamshidyeh, Darabad, and Kan. All of these come from Alborz Mountains of Tehran, and after passing through urban areas reach lower plains in the south, where they meet agricultural lands. This case study concentrates on Darband river valley.
This river (“the Furious River” with 295/000/000 m3 of water per year) flows down from North mountains, passes beyond Hezardarreh hills, east of Tehran, and irrigates the great arable plain of Varamin.''

*''Overall Character and Current Conditions
By carefully looking at the map, Darband river valley and its path is recognized due to its especial natural form. But if we want to follow it in the city, it is not so easy. Some parts of it have been buried under buildings or streets. Other parts of it have been converted to "U" channels and covered by impervious materials such as stone. In terms of flora, except some scattered trees, which are planted alongside the wall of the river valley, there is not major planting adjacent to that. Actually the deep channels surrounding the bed of the river valley has taken the opportunity to plant trees, shrubs, or other kinds of vegetation. Right after the end of the river's walls, there are streets and buildings. This lack of attention to Darband river valley causes people to undermine it and throw their wastes in this river-channel, and this in turn causes major environmental pollution in the site.''

*''Flora
Tehran is rich in terms of the diversity of flora. While some of them are native to Iran, few, if any, of them are endemic to Tehran. Up to now, 13 endemic species of Tehran are known: Eritrichium mertonii (Family Boraginaceae), Buffonia hebecalyx (Family Caryophyllaceae), Stellaria scaturiginella (Family Caryophyllaceae), Centaurea carduiformis subsp. iranica (Family Compositae), Tanacetum polycephalum subsp. junesarens (Family Compositae), Taraxacum darbandense (Family Compositae), Convolvulus gracilininus (Family Ipomoea), Astragalus latianicus (Family Papaveraceae), Astragalus pseudobrunsianus (Family Papaveraceae), Hedysarum elbursense (Family Papaveraceae), Hedysarum hyrcanum var. hyrcanum (Family Papaveraceae), Vicia sojakii (Family Papaveraceae), Galium tehranicum (Family Rubiaceae). All of these species are herbaceous, which aren’t currently used in parks and landscapes. Predominant species of Tehran which are widely planted in parks, streets, and open spaces as well as alongside the river valleys are Platanus orientals, Morus nigra, Ulmus minor ‘umbraculifera’, Fraxinus excelsior, Quercus spp of broadleaved trees; Pinus eldarica and Cupressus arizonica of conifers; Lignustrum vulgare, Viburnum opulus, Nerium oleander, Berberis thunbergii of shrubs; and Common grass and Hedera helix of cover plants.

*''Connectivity to the Wider Green/Gray Structures
Darband river valley in its journey from Alborz Mountains toward plains through the middle of the city links many important services and facilities from urban to local scales. One of the most important structures is North Mountains itself, which during the week and weekends attract thousands of people to hike, mount, and spend leisure time. On the other hand, the river valley passes through main, high traffic roads and highways, which everyday millions of citizens use to go their work. All of these green/Gray structures stress the importance of this historical river valley and affect the river both negatively and positively. Before such an incredible development of the city, when all of the city with its borders was limited to current city center, most parts of these river valleys were far away from the city and its effects. At that time, mostly private gardens and orchards formed their banks.

*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Valleys.jpg|Main River Valleys
Image:Darband.jpg|Situation of Darband River Valley
Image:Buried Parts.jpg|Buried Parts
Image:Abandoned Parts.jpg|Abandoned Parts
Image:Blue Structures.jpg|Gray Structures
Image:Visual and Tactile Disconnection.jpg|Visual and Tactile Disconnection
Image:Journey.jpg|Journey of the River Valley from Mountains to Plains
</gallery>

== What are the overall objectives of your design? What are the specific objectives for enhancing green infrastrucutre? ==

''Please give a short written argumentation (not more than 150 words). It is ok if you have different or even contradicting objectives within your group. Just make it explicit at the beginning of your process ''

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing.''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Social nodes.jpg|Social nodes along the Darband river valley/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:Traffic nodes.jpg|Traffic analysis/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|analytical drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|analytical drawing 4
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes), of course with an emphasis on green infrastructure aspects. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing representing his/her individual ideas.''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Green Transportation network.jpg|Green Transportation network along the restored river valley/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:Restoration.jpg|Creating multifunctional green infrastructure/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|projective drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|projective drawing 4
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==
''Please analyse the individual approaches presented so far and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses (you may use the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis SWOT]analysis model). Try to create a synthesis and represent it with a plan and some sketches. You can still use drawings/sketches.''

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|synthesis drawing 1
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|synthesis drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|synthesis drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|synthesis drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''“From my point of view, our collaborative design process was a good teamwork through which I have learned to approach the project in the other way and effectively communicate in such a virtual world. I trained myself to evaluate the site from a landscape architect’s point of view. I didn’t find a major difficulty, we easily interacted with each other and shared our thoughts. I think collaborative design is a challenging process that if the members have most thoughts and behaviors in common, it can be a valuable, useful experience.” Shahla Shahmoradi''
''Please reflect on your collaborative design process. Which potentials have you encountered? What was most difficult? What does collaborative design mean for you? (approx 150 words).''

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|image 1
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|image 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|image 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|image 4
</gallery>

== References ==
''* Please make sure that you give proper references of all external resources used.''

''* Do not use images of which you do not hold the copyright.''

''* Please add internet links to other resources if necessary.''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Collaborative Design]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group L

2015-01-24T13:35:42Z

Shahmoradis: /* Projective drawings */

---> back to group page [[Green Infrastructure 2014 - Working Group L|working group L]]

'''''Restoration of Darband River Valley with the Approach to a Green, High Quality Transportation Network'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Darband River Valley''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Tehran''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Iran''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ana Žmire, Shahla Shahmoradi, Fernanda Millán, Simona Sava-Paval''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:0051.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=35.696111
|lng=51.423055999999974
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==
*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''

*''Climate, water, and soil
Tehran is a mountainside city with an altitude of 900 to 1700 meters above the sea level located on the southern slopes of Alborz mountains. From east to west, the view is dominated by the Alborz mountains, with rivers that are full in springtime and dry in summertime, flowing to satiate underground water tables hidden in the very thick layers of sedimentary rocks (gravel, sand and clay) from the Quaternary. Multiple aqueducts bring the water to surface that, in turn, flows through irrigation canals and brooks along all streets and avenues of Tehran. Lower parts, between 900 to 1200 m, have a fertile soil and gentle slope that permit a productive agricultural activity. In these plains, there are many sources of surface or underground water tables, supplied by aqueducts, floodways and branched out rivers.
In the south of Tehran, the desert begins. Dry and very hot weather in summer and sometimes very cold in winter, make this region seem hostile. The contrast between mountain and desert, and even between north and south of the City, prevents weather crises from taking shape in any part of the year. When heavy snow obstructs mountain roads, plains in the rim of the desert have often a mild sunny weather.
Tehran region has a dry climate. The annual rate of rainfall is only 229mm at the downtown, 400mm in northern neighborhoods and less than 150mm in arable lands of south. Heavy rainfalls in Alborz mountains, mainly as snow, provide a fairly reliable source of water supply for Tehran’s residents and the City’s development. This water flows through a number of rivers and flood canals toward the desert in the south and is swallowed up by the thick layers of alluvium.

*''Main River Valleys in the City
Seven main river valleys pass through the city, including Darakeh, Velenjak, Darband, Golab Dareh, Jamshidyeh, Darabad, and Kan. All of these come from Alborz Mountains of Tehran, and after passing through urban areas reach lower plains in the south, where they meet agricultural lands. This case study concentrates on Darband river valley.
This river (“the Furious River” with 295/000/000 m3 of water per year) flows down from North mountains, passes beyond Hezardarreh hills, east of Tehran, and irrigates the great arable plain of Varamin.''

*''Overall Character and Current Conditions
By carefully looking at the map, Darband river valley and its path is recognized due to its especial natural form. But if we want to follow it in the city, it is not so easy. Some parts of it have been buried under buildings or streets. Other parts of it have been converted to "U" channels and covered by impervious materials such as stone. In terms of flora, except some scattered trees, which are planted alongside the wall of the river valley, there is not major planting adjacent to that. Actually the deep channels surrounding the bed of the river valley has taken the opportunity to plant trees, shrubs, or other kinds of vegetation. Right after the end of the river's walls, there are streets and buildings. This lack of attention to Darband river valley causes people to undermine it and throw their wastes in this river-channel, and this in turn causes major environmental pollution in the site.''

*''Flora
Tehran is rich in terms of the diversity of flora. While some of them are native to Iran, few, if any, of them are endemic to Tehran. Up to now, 13 endemic species of Tehran are known: Eritrichium mertonii (Family Boraginaceae), Buffonia hebecalyx (Family Caryophyllaceae), Stellaria scaturiginella (Family Caryophyllaceae), Centaurea carduiformis subsp. iranica (Family Compositae), Tanacetum polycephalum subsp. junesarens (Family Compositae), Taraxacum darbandense (Family Compositae), Convolvulus gracilininus (Family Ipomoea), Astragalus latianicus (Family Papaveraceae), Astragalus pseudobrunsianus (Family Papaveraceae), Hedysarum elbursense (Family Papaveraceae), Hedysarum hyrcanum var. hyrcanum (Family Papaveraceae), Vicia sojakii (Family Papaveraceae), Galium tehranicum (Family Rubiaceae). All of these species are herbaceous, which aren’t currently used in parks and landscapes. Predominant species of Tehran which are widely planted in parks, streets, and open spaces as well as alongside the river valleys are Platanus orientals, Morus nigra, Ulmus minor ‘umbraculifera’, Fraxinus excelsior, Quercus spp of broadleaved trees; Pinus eldarica and Cupressus arizonica of conifers; Lignustrum vulgare, Viburnum opulus, Nerium oleander, Berberis thunbergii of shrubs; and Common grass and Hedera helix of cover plants.

*''Connectivity to the Wider Green/Gray Structures
Darband river valley in its journey from Alborz Mountains toward plains through the middle of the city links many important services and facilities from urban to local scales. One of the most important structures is North Mountains itself, which during the week and weekends attract thousands of people to hike, mount, and spend leisure time. On the other hand, the river valley passes through main, high traffic roads and highways, which everyday millions of citizens use to go their work. All of these green/Gray structures stress the importance of this historical river valley and affect the river both negatively and positively. Before such an incredible development of the city, when all of the city with its borders was limited to current city center, most parts of these river valleys were far away from the city and its effects. At that time, mostly private gardens and orchards formed their banks.

*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Valleys.jpg|Main River Valleys
Image:Darband.jpg|Situation of Darband River Valley
Image:Buried Parts.jpg|Buried Parts
Image:Abandoned Parts.jpg|Abandoned Parts
Image:Blue Structures.jpg|Gray Structures
Image:Visual and Tactile Disconnection.jpg|Visual and Tactile Disconnection
Image:Journey.jpg|Journey of the River Valley from Mountains to Plains
</gallery>

== What are the overall objectives of your design? What are the specific objectives for enhancing green infrastrucutre? ==

''Please give a short written argumentation (not more than 150 words). It is ok if you have different or even contradicting objectives within your group. Just make it explicit at the beginning of your process ''

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing.''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Social nodes.jpg|Social nodes along the Darband river valley/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:Traffic nodes.jpg|Traffic analysis/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|analytical drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|analytical drawing 4
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes), of course with an emphasis on green infrastructure aspects. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing representing his/her individual ideas.''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Green Transportation network.jpg|Green Transportation network along the restored river valley/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:Restoration.jpg|Creating multifunctional green infrastructure/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|projective drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|projective drawing 4
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==
''Please analyse the individual approaches presented so far and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses (you may use the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis SWOT]analysis model). Try to create a synthesis and represent it with a plan and some sketches. You can still use drawings/sketches.''

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|synthesis drawing 1
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|synthesis drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|synthesis drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|synthesis drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''Please reflect on your collaborative design process. Which potentials have you encountered? What was most difficult? What does collaborative design mean for you? (approx 150 words).''

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|image 1
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|image 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|image 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|image 4
</gallery>

== References ==
''* Please make sure that you give proper references of all external resources used.''

''* Do not use images of which you do not hold the copyright.''

''* Please add internet links to other resources if necessary.''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Collaborative Design]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group L

2015-01-24T13:35:01Z

Shahmoradis: /* Projective drawings */

---> back to group page [[Green Infrastructure 2014 - Working Group L|working group L]]

'''''Restoration of Darband River Valley with the Approach to a Green, High Quality Transportation Network'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Darband River Valley''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Tehran''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Iran''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ana Žmire, Shahla Shahmoradi, Fernanda Millán, Simona Sava-Paval''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:0051.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=35.696111
|lng=51.423055999999974
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==
*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''

*''Climate, water, and soil
Tehran is a mountainside city with an altitude of 900 to 1700 meters above the sea level located on the southern slopes of Alborz mountains. From east to west, the view is dominated by the Alborz mountains, with rivers that are full in springtime and dry in summertime, flowing to satiate underground water tables hidden in the very thick layers of sedimentary rocks (gravel, sand and clay) from the Quaternary. Multiple aqueducts bring the water to surface that, in turn, flows through irrigation canals and brooks along all streets and avenues of Tehran. Lower parts, between 900 to 1200 m, have a fertile soil and gentle slope that permit a productive agricultural activity. In these plains, there are many sources of surface or underground water tables, supplied by aqueducts, floodways and branched out rivers.
In the south of Tehran, the desert begins. Dry and very hot weather in summer and sometimes very cold in winter, make this region seem hostile. The contrast between mountain and desert, and even between north and south of the City, prevents weather crises from taking shape in any part of the year. When heavy snow obstructs mountain roads, plains in the rim of the desert have often a mild sunny weather.
Tehran region has a dry climate. The annual rate of rainfall is only 229mm at the downtown, 400mm in northern neighborhoods and less than 150mm in arable lands of south. Heavy rainfalls in Alborz mountains, mainly as snow, provide a fairly reliable source of water supply for Tehran’s residents and the City’s development. This water flows through a number of rivers and flood canals toward the desert in the south and is swallowed up by the thick layers of alluvium.

*''Main River Valleys in the City
Seven main river valleys pass through the city, including Darakeh, Velenjak, Darband, Golab Dareh, Jamshidyeh, Darabad, and Kan. All of these come from Alborz Mountains of Tehran, and after passing through urban areas reach lower plains in the south, where they meet agricultural lands. This case study concentrates on Darband river valley.
This river (“the Furious River” with 295/000/000 m3 of water per year) flows down from North mountains, passes beyond Hezardarreh hills, east of Tehran, and irrigates the great arable plain of Varamin.''

*''Overall Character and Current Conditions
By carefully looking at the map, Darband river valley and its path is recognized due to its especial natural form. But if we want to follow it in the city, it is not so easy. Some parts of it have been buried under buildings or streets. Other parts of it have been converted to "U" channels and covered by impervious materials such as stone. In terms of flora, except some scattered trees, which are planted alongside the wall of the river valley, there is not major planting adjacent to that. Actually the deep channels surrounding the bed of the river valley has taken the opportunity to plant trees, shrubs, or other kinds of vegetation. Right after the end of the river's walls, there are streets and buildings. This lack of attention to Darband river valley causes people to undermine it and throw their wastes in this river-channel, and this in turn causes major environmental pollution in the site.''

*''Flora
Tehran is rich in terms of the diversity of flora. While some of them are native to Iran, few, if any, of them are endemic to Tehran. Up to now, 13 endemic species of Tehran are known: Eritrichium mertonii (Family Boraginaceae), Buffonia hebecalyx (Family Caryophyllaceae), Stellaria scaturiginella (Family Caryophyllaceae), Centaurea carduiformis subsp. iranica (Family Compositae), Tanacetum polycephalum subsp. junesarens (Family Compositae), Taraxacum darbandense (Family Compositae), Convolvulus gracilininus (Family Ipomoea), Astragalus latianicus (Family Papaveraceae), Astragalus pseudobrunsianus (Family Papaveraceae), Hedysarum elbursense (Family Papaveraceae), Hedysarum hyrcanum var. hyrcanum (Family Papaveraceae), Vicia sojakii (Family Papaveraceae), Galium tehranicum (Family Rubiaceae). All of these species are herbaceous, which aren’t currently used in parks and landscapes. Predominant species of Tehran which are widely planted in parks, streets, and open spaces as well as alongside the river valleys are Platanus orientals, Morus nigra, Ulmus minor ‘umbraculifera’, Fraxinus excelsior, Quercus spp of broadleaved trees; Pinus eldarica and Cupressus arizonica of conifers; Lignustrum vulgare, Viburnum opulus, Nerium oleander, Berberis thunbergii of shrubs; and Common grass and Hedera helix of cover plants.

*''Connectivity to the Wider Green/Gray Structures
Darband river valley in its journey from Alborz Mountains toward plains through the middle of the city links many important services and facilities from urban to local scales. One of the most important structures is North Mountains itself, which during the week and weekends attract thousands of people to hike, mount, and spend leisure time. On the other hand, the river valley passes through main, high traffic roads and highways, which everyday millions of citizens use to go their work. All of these green/Gray structures stress the importance of this historical river valley and affect the river both negatively and positively. Before such an incredible development of the city, when all of the city with its borders was limited to current city center, most parts of these river valleys were far away from the city and its effects. At that time, mostly private gardens and orchards formed their banks.

*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Valleys.jpg|Main River Valleys
Image:Darband.jpg|Situation of Darband River Valley
Image:Buried Parts.jpg|Buried Parts
Image:Abandoned Parts.jpg|Abandoned Parts
Image:Blue Structures.jpg|Gray Structures
Image:Visual and Tactile Disconnection.jpg|Visual and Tactile Disconnection
Image:Journey.jpg|Journey of the River Valley from Mountains to Plains
</gallery>

== What are the overall objectives of your design? What are the specific objectives for enhancing green infrastrucutre? ==

''Please give a short written argumentation (not more than 150 words). It is ok if you have different or even contradicting objectives within your group. Just make it explicit at the beginning of your process ''

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing.''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Social nodes.jpg|Social nodes along the Darband river valley/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:Traffic nodes.jpg|Traffic analysis/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|analytical drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|analytical drawing 4
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes), of course with an emphasis on green infrastructure aspects. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing representing his/her individual ideas.''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Green Transportation network.jpg|Green Transportation network along the restored river valley/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:Restoration.jpg|Creating multifunctional green infrastructure
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|projective drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|projective drawing 4
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==
''Please analyse the individual approaches presented so far and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses (you may use the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis SWOT]analysis model). Try to create a synthesis and represent it with a plan and some sketches. You can still use drawings/sketches.''

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|synthesis drawing 1
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|synthesis drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|synthesis drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|synthesis drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''Please reflect on your collaborative design process. Which potentials have you encountered? What was most difficult? What does collaborative design mean for you? (approx 150 words).''

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|image 1
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|image 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|image 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|image 4
</gallery>

== References ==
''* Please make sure that you give proper references of all external resources used.''

''* Do not use images of which you do not hold the copyright.''

''* Please add internet links to other resources if necessary.''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Collaborative Design]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

File:Restoration.jpg

2015-01-24T13:19:40Z

Shahmoradis:

Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group L

2015-01-24T13:18:15Z

Shahmoradis: /* Analytical drawings */

---> back to group page [[Green Infrastructure 2014 - Working Group L|working group L]]

'''''Restoration of Darband River Valley with the Approach to a Green, High Quality Transportation Network'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Darband River Valley''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Tehran''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Iran''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ana Žmire, Shahla Shahmoradi, Fernanda Millán, Simona Sava-Paval''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:0051.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=35.696111
|lng=51.423055999999974
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==
*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''

*''Climate, water, and soil
Tehran is a mountainside city with an altitude of 900 to 1700 meters above the sea level located on the southern slopes of Alborz mountains. From east to west, the view is dominated by the Alborz mountains, with rivers that are full in springtime and dry in summertime, flowing to satiate underground water tables hidden in the very thick layers of sedimentary rocks (gravel, sand and clay) from the Quaternary. Multiple aqueducts bring the water to surface that, in turn, flows through irrigation canals and brooks along all streets and avenues of Tehran. Lower parts, between 900 to 1200 m, have a fertile soil and gentle slope that permit a productive agricultural activity. In these plains, there are many sources of surface or underground water tables, supplied by aqueducts, floodways and branched out rivers.
In the south of Tehran, the desert begins. Dry and very hot weather in summer and sometimes very cold in winter, make this region seem hostile. The contrast between mountain and desert, and even between north and south of the City, prevents weather crises from taking shape in any part of the year. When heavy snow obstructs mountain roads, plains in the rim of the desert have often a mild sunny weather.
Tehran region has a dry climate. The annual rate of rainfall is only 229mm at the downtown, 400mm in northern neighborhoods and less than 150mm in arable lands of south. Heavy rainfalls in Alborz mountains, mainly as snow, provide a fairly reliable source of water supply for Tehran’s residents and the City’s development. This water flows through a number of rivers and flood canals toward the desert in the south and is swallowed up by the thick layers of alluvium.

*''Main River Valleys in the City
Seven main river valleys pass through the city, including Darakeh, Velenjak, Darband, Golab Dareh, Jamshidyeh, Darabad, and Kan. All of these come from Alborz Mountains of Tehran, and after passing through urban areas reach lower plains in the south, where they meet agricultural lands. This case study concentrates on Darband river valley.
This river (“the Furious River” with 295/000/000 m3 of water per year) flows down from North mountains, passes beyond Hezardarreh hills, east of Tehran, and irrigates the great arable plain of Varamin.''

*''Overall Character and Current Conditions
By carefully looking at the map, Darband river valley and its path is recognized due to its especial natural form. But if we want to follow it in the city, it is not so easy. Some parts of it have been buried under buildings or streets. Other parts of it have been converted to "U" channels and covered by impervious materials such as stone. In terms of flora, except some scattered trees, which are planted alongside the wall of the river valley, there is not major planting adjacent to that. Actually the deep channels surrounding the bed of the river valley has taken the opportunity to plant trees, shrubs, or other kinds of vegetation. Right after the end of the river's walls, there are streets and buildings. This lack of attention to Darband river valley causes people to undermine it and throw their wastes in this river-channel, and this in turn causes major environmental pollution in the site.''

*''Flora
Tehran is rich in terms of the diversity of flora. While some of them are native to Iran, few, if any, of them are endemic to Tehran. Up to now, 13 endemic species of Tehran are known: Eritrichium mertonii (Family Boraginaceae), Buffonia hebecalyx (Family Caryophyllaceae), Stellaria scaturiginella (Family Caryophyllaceae), Centaurea carduiformis subsp. iranica (Family Compositae), Tanacetum polycephalum subsp. junesarens (Family Compositae), Taraxacum darbandense (Family Compositae), Convolvulus gracilininus (Family Ipomoea), Astragalus latianicus (Family Papaveraceae), Astragalus pseudobrunsianus (Family Papaveraceae), Hedysarum elbursense (Family Papaveraceae), Hedysarum hyrcanum var. hyrcanum (Family Papaveraceae), Vicia sojakii (Family Papaveraceae), Galium tehranicum (Family Rubiaceae). All of these species are herbaceous, which aren’t currently used in parks and landscapes. Predominant species of Tehran which are widely planted in parks, streets, and open spaces as well as alongside the river valleys are Platanus orientals, Morus nigra, Ulmus minor ‘umbraculifera’, Fraxinus excelsior, Quercus spp of broadleaved trees; Pinus eldarica and Cupressus arizonica of conifers; Lignustrum vulgare, Viburnum opulus, Nerium oleander, Berberis thunbergii of shrubs; and Common grass and Hedera helix of cover plants.

*''Connectivity to the Wider Green/Gray Structures
Darband river valley in its journey from Alborz Mountains toward plains through the middle of the city links many important services and facilities from urban to local scales. One of the most important structures is North Mountains itself, which during the week and weekends attract thousands of people to hike, mount, and spend leisure time. On the other hand, the river valley passes through main, high traffic roads and highways, which everyday millions of citizens use to go their work. All of these green/Gray structures stress the importance of this historical river valley and affect the river both negatively and positively. Before such an incredible development of the city, when all of the city with its borders was limited to current city center, most parts of these river valleys were far away from the city and its effects. At that time, mostly private gardens and orchards formed their banks.

*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Valleys.jpg|Main River Valleys
Image:Darband.jpg|Situation of Darband River Valley
Image:Buried Parts.jpg|Buried Parts
Image:Abandoned Parts.jpg|Abandoned Parts
Image:Blue Structures.jpg|Gray Structures
Image:Visual and Tactile Disconnection.jpg|Visual and Tactile Disconnection
Image:Journey.jpg|Journey of the River Valley from Mountains to Plains
</gallery>

== What are the overall objectives of your design? What are the specific objectives for enhancing green infrastrucutre? ==

''Please give a short written argumentation (not more than 150 words). It is ok if you have different or even contradicting objectives within your group. Just make it explicit at the beginning of your process ''

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing.''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Social nodes.jpg|Social nodes along the Darband river valley/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:Traffic nodes.jpg|Traffic analysis/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|analytical drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|analytical drawing 4
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes), of course with an emphasis on green infrastructure aspects. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing representing his/her individual ideas.''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Green Transportation network.jpg|Green Transportation network along the restored river valley/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|projective drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|projective drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|projective drawing 4
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==
''Please analyse the individual approaches presented so far and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses (you may use the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis SWOT]analysis model). Try to create a synthesis and represent it with a plan and some sketches. You can still use drawings/sketches.''

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|synthesis drawing 1
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|synthesis drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|synthesis drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|synthesis drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''Please reflect on your collaborative design process. Which potentials have you encountered? What was most difficult? What does collaborative design mean for you? (approx 150 words).''

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|image 1
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|image 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|image 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|image 4
</gallery>

== References ==
''* Please make sure that you give proper references of all external resources used.''

''* Do not use images of which you do not hold the copyright.''

''* Please add internet links to other resources if necessary.''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Collaborative Design]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group L

2015-01-24T13:17:49Z

Shahmoradis: /* Projective drawings */

---> back to group page [[Green Infrastructure 2014 - Working Group L|working group L]]

'''''Restoration of Darband River Valley with the Approach to a Green, High Quality Transportation Network'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Darband River Valley''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Tehran''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Iran''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ana Žmire, Shahla Shahmoradi, Fernanda Millán, Simona Sava-Paval''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:0051.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=35.696111
|lng=51.423055999999974
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==
*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''

*''Climate, water, and soil
Tehran is a mountainside city with an altitude of 900 to 1700 meters above the sea level located on the southern slopes of Alborz mountains. From east to west, the view is dominated by the Alborz mountains, with rivers that are full in springtime and dry in summertime, flowing to satiate underground water tables hidden in the very thick layers of sedimentary rocks (gravel, sand and clay) from the Quaternary. Multiple aqueducts bring the water to surface that, in turn, flows through irrigation canals and brooks along all streets and avenues of Tehran. Lower parts, between 900 to 1200 m, have a fertile soil and gentle slope that permit a productive agricultural activity. In these plains, there are many sources of surface or underground water tables, supplied by aqueducts, floodways and branched out rivers.
In the south of Tehran, the desert begins. Dry and very hot weather in summer and sometimes very cold in winter, make this region seem hostile. The contrast between mountain and desert, and even between north and south of the City, prevents weather crises from taking shape in any part of the year. When heavy snow obstructs mountain roads, plains in the rim of the desert have often a mild sunny weather.
Tehran region has a dry climate. The annual rate of rainfall is only 229mm at the downtown, 400mm in northern neighborhoods and less than 150mm in arable lands of south. Heavy rainfalls in Alborz mountains, mainly as snow, provide a fairly reliable source of water supply for Tehran’s residents and the City’s development. This water flows through a number of rivers and flood canals toward the desert in the south and is swallowed up by the thick layers of alluvium.

*''Main River Valleys in the City
Seven main river valleys pass through the city, including Darakeh, Velenjak, Darband, Golab Dareh, Jamshidyeh, Darabad, and Kan. All of these come from Alborz Mountains of Tehran, and after passing through urban areas reach lower plains in the south, where they meet agricultural lands. This case study concentrates on Darband river valley.
This river (“the Furious River” with 295/000/000 m3 of water per year) flows down from North mountains, passes beyond Hezardarreh hills, east of Tehran, and irrigates the great arable plain of Varamin.''

*''Overall Character and Current Conditions
By carefully looking at the map, Darband river valley and its path is recognized due to its especial natural form. But if we want to follow it in the city, it is not so easy. Some parts of it have been buried under buildings or streets. Other parts of it have been converted to "U" channels and covered by impervious materials such as stone. In terms of flora, except some scattered trees, which are planted alongside the wall of the river valley, there is not major planting adjacent to that. Actually the deep channels surrounding the bed of the river valley has taken the opportunity to plant trees, shrubs, or other kinds of vegetation. Right after the end of the river's walls, there are streets and buildings. This lack of attention to Darband river valley causes people to undermine it and throw their wastes in this river-channel, and this in turn causes major environmental pollution in the site.''

*''Flora
Tehran is rich in terms of the diversity of flora. While some of them are native to Iran, few, if any, of them are endemic to Tehran. Up to now, 13 endemic species of Tehran are known: Eritrichium mertonii (Family Boraginaceae), Buffonia hebecalyx (Family Caryophyllaceae), Stellaria scaturiginella (Family Caryophyllaceae), Centaurea carduiformis subsp. iranica (Family Compositae), Tanacetum polycephalum subsp. junesarens (Family Compositae), Taraxacum darbandense (Family Compositae), Convolvulus gracilininus (Family Ipomoea), Astragalus latianicus (Family Papaveraceae), Astragalus pseudobrunsianus (Family Papaveraceae), Hedysarum elbursense (Family Papaveraceae), Hedysarum hyrcanum var. hyrcanum (Family Papaveraceae), Vicia sojakii (Family Papaveraceae), Galium tehranicum (Family Rubiaceae). All of these species are herbaceous, which aren’t currently used in parks and landscapes. Predominant species of Tehran which are widely planted in parks, streets, and open spaces as well as alongside the river valleys are Platanus orientals, Morus nigra, Ulmus minor ‘umbraculifera’, Fraxinus excelsior, Quercus spp of broadleaved trees; Pinus eldarica and Cupressus arizonica of conifers; Lignustrum vulgare, Viburnum opulus, Nerium oleander, Berberis thunbergii of shrubs; and Common grass and Hedera helix of cover plants.

*''Connectivity to the Wider Green/Gray Structures
Darband river valley in its journey from Alborz Mountains toward plains through the middle of the city links many important services and facilities from urban to local scales. One of the most important structures is North Mountains itself, which during the week and weekends attract thousands of people to hike, mount, and spend leisure time. On the other hand, the river valley passes through main, high traffic roads and highways, which everyday millions of citizens use to go their work. All of these green/Gray structures stress the importance of this historical river valley and affect the river both negatively and positively. Before such an incredible development of the city, when all of the city with its borders was limited to current city center, most parts of these river valleys were far away from the city and its effects. At that time, mostly private gardens and orchards formed their banks.

*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Valleys.jpg|Main River Valleys
Image:Darband.jpg|Situation of Darband River Valley
Image:Buried Parts.jpg|Buried Parts
Image:Abandoned Parts.jpg|Abandoned Parts
Image:Blue Structures.jpg|Gray Structures
Image:Visual and Tactile Disconnection.jpg|Visual and Tactile Disconnection
Image:Journey.jpg|Journey of the River Valley from Mountains to Plains
</gallery>

== What are the overall objectives of your design? What are the specific objectives for enhancing green infrastrucutre? ==

''Please give a short written argumentation (not more than 150 words). It is ok if you have different or even contradicting objectives within your group. Just make it explicit at the beginning of your process ''

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing.''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Social nodes.jpg|Social nodes along the Darband river valley-Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:Traffic nodes.jpg|Traffic analysis-Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|analytical drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|analytical drawing 4
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes), of course with an emphasis on green infrastructure aspects. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing representing his/her individual ideas.''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Green Transportation network.jpg|Green Transportation network along the restored river valley/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|projective drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|projective drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|projective drawing 4
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==
''Please analyse the individual approaches presented so far and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses (you may use the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis SWOT]analysis model). Try to create a synthesis and represent it with a plan and some sketches. You can still use drawings/sketches.''

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|synthesis drawing 1
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|synthesis drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|synthesis drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|synthesis drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''Please reflect on your collaborative design process. Which potentials have you encountered? What was most difficult? What does collaborative design mean for you? (approx 150 words).''

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|image 1
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|image 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|image 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|image 4
</gallery>

== References ==
''* Please make sure that you give proper references of all external resources used.''

''* Do not use images of which you do not hold the copyright.''

''* Please add internet links to other resources if necessary.''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Collaborative Design]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group L

2015-01-24T13:17:28Z

Shahmoradis: /* Projective drawings */

---> back to group page [[Green Infrastructure 2014 - Working Group L|working group L]]

'''''Restoration of Darband River Valley with the Approach to a Green, High Quality Transportation Network'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Darband River Valley''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Tehran''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Iran''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ana Žmire, Shahla Shahmoradi, Fernanda Millán, Simona Sava-Paval''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:0051.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=35.696111
|lng=51.423055999999974
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==
*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''

*''Climate, water, and soil
Tehran is a mountainside city with an altitude of 900 to 1700 meters above the sea level located on the southern slopes of Alborz mountains. From east to west, the view is dominated by the Alborz mountains, with rivers that are full in springtime and dry in summertime, flowing to satiate underground water tables hidden in the very thick layers of sedimentary rocks (gravel, sand and clay) from the Quaternary. Multiple aqueducts bring the water to surface that, in turn, flows through irrigation canals and brooks along all streets and avenues of Tehran. Lower parts, between 900 to 1200 m, have a fertile soil and gentle slope that permit a productive agricultural activity. In these plains, there are many sources of surface or underground water tables, supplied by aqueducts, floodways and branched out rivers.
In the south of Tehran, the desert begins. Dry and very hot weather in summer and sometimes very cold in winter, make this region seem hostile. The contrast between mountain and desert, and even between north and south of the City, prevents weather crises from taking shape in any part of the year. When heavy snow obstructs mountain roads, plains in the rim of the desert have often a mild sunny weather.
Tehran region has a dry climate. The annual rate of rainfall is only 229mm at the downtown, 400mm in northern neighborhoods and less than 150mm in arable lands of south. Heavy rainfalls in Alborz mountains, mainly as snow, provide a fairly reliable source of water supply for Tehran’s residents and the City’s development. This water flows through a number of rivers and flood canals toward the desert in the south and is swallowed up by the thick layers of alluvium.

*''Main River Valleys in the City
Seven main river valleys pass through the city, including Darakeh, Velenjak, Darband, Golab Dareh, Jamshidyeh, Darabad, and Kan. All of these come from Alborz Mountains of Tehran, and after passing through urban areas reach lower plains in the south, where they meet agricultural lands. This case study concentrates on Darband river valley.
This river (“the Furious River” with 295/000/000 m3 of water per year) flows down from North mountains, passes beyond Hezardarreh hills, east of Tehran, and irrigates the great arable plain of Varamin.''

*''Overall Character and Current Conditions
By carefully looking at the map, Darband river valley and its path is recognized due to its especial natural form. But if we want to follow it in the city, it is not so easy. Some parts of it have been buried under buildings or streets. Other parts of it have been converted to "U" channels and covered by impervious materials such as stone. In terms of flora, except some scattered trees, which are planted alongside the wall of the river valley, there is not major planting adjacent to that. Actually the deep channels surrounding the bed of the river valley has taken the opportunity to plant trees, shrubs, or other kinds of vegetation. Right after the end of the river's walls, there are streets and buildings. This lack of attention to Darband river valley causes people to undermine it and throw their wastes in this river-channel, and this in turn causes major environmental pollution in the site.''

*''Flora
Tehran is rich in terms of the diversity of flora. While some of them are native to Iran, few, if any, of them are endemic to Tehran. Up to now, 13 endemic species of Tehran are known: Eritrichium mertonii (Family Boraginaceae), Buffonia hebecalyx (Family Caryophyllaceae), Stellaria scaturiginella (Family Caryophyllaceae), Centaurea carduiformis subsp. iranica (Family Compositae), Tanacetum polycephalum subsp. junesarens (Family Compositae), Taraxacum darbandense (Family Compositae), Convolvulus gracilininus (Family Ipomoea), Astragalus latianicus (Family Papaveraceae), Astragalus pseudobrunsianus (Family Papaveraceae), Hedysarum elbursense (Family Papaveraceae), Hedysarum hyrcanum var. hyrcanum (Family Papaveraceae), Vicia sojakii (Family Papaveraceae), Galium tehranicum (Family Rubiaceae). All of these species are herbaceous, which aren’t currently used in parks and landscapes. Predominant species of Tehran which are widely planted in parks, streets, and open spaces as well as alongside the river valleys are Platanus orientals, Morus nigra, Ulmus minor ‘umbraculifera’, Fraxinus excelsior, Quercus spp of broadleaved trees; Pinus eldarica and Cupressus arizonica of conifers; Lignustrum vulgare, Viburnum opulus, Nerium oleander, Berberis thunbergii of shrubs; and Common grass and Hedera helix of cover plants.

*''Connectivity to the Wider Green/Gray Structures
Darband river valley in its journey from Alborz Mountains toward plains through the middle of the city links many important services and facilities from urban to local scales. One of the most important structures is North Mountains itself, which during the week and weekends attract thousands of people to hike, mount, and spend leisure time. On the other hand, the river valley passes through main, high traffic roads and highways, which everyday millions of citizens use to go their work. All of these green/Gray structures stress the importance of this historical river valley and affect the river both negatively and positively. Before such an incredible development of the city, when all of the city with its borders was limited to current city center, most parts of these river valleys were far away from the city and its effects. At that time, mostly private gardens and orchards formed their banks.

*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Valleys.jpg|Main River Valleys
Image:Darband.jpg|Situation of Darband River Valley
Image:Buried Parts.jpg|Buried Parts
Image:Abandoned Parts.jpg|Abandoned Parts
Image:Blue Structures.jpg|Gray Structures
Image:Visual and Tactile Disconnection.jpg|Visual and Tactile Disconnection
Image:Journey.jpg|Journey of the River Valley from Mountains to Plains
</gallery>

== What are the overall objectives of your design? What are the specific objectives for enhancing green infrastrucutre? ==

''Please give a short written argumentation (not more than 150 words). It is ok if you have different or even contradicting objectives within your group. Just make it explicit at the beginning of your process ''

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing.''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Social nodes.jpg|Social nodes along the Darband river valley-Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:Traffic nodes.jpg|Traffic analysis-Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|analytical drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|analytical drawing 4
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes), of course with an emphasis on green infrastructure aspects. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing representing his/her individual ideas.''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Green Transportation network.jpg|Green Transportation network along with the restored river valley/Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|projective drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|projective drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|projective drawing 4
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==
''Please analyse the individual approaches presented so far and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses (you may use the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis SWOT]analysis model). Try to create a synthesis and represent it with a plan and some sketches. You can still use drawings/sketches.''

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|synthesis drawing 1
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|synthesis drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|synthesis drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|synthesis drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''Please reflect on your collaborative design process. Which potentials have you encountered? What was most difficult? What does collaborative design mean for you? (approx 150 words).''

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|image 1
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|image 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|image 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|image 4
</gallery>

== References ==
''* Please make sure that you give proper references of all external resources used.''

''* Do not use images of which you do not hold the copyright.''

''* Please add internet links to other resources if necessary.''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Collaborative Design]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

File:Green Transportation network.jpg

2015-01-24T13:15:13Z

Shahmoradis:

Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group L

2015-01-24T11:19:21Z

Shahmoradis: /* Analytical drawings */

---> back to group page [[Green Infrastructure 2014 - Working Group L|working group L]]

'''''Restoration of Darband River Valley with the Approach to a Green, High Quality Transportation Network'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Darband River Valley''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Tehran''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Iran''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ana Žmire, Shahla Shahmoradi, Fernanda Millán, Simona Sava-Paval''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:0051.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=35.696111
|lng=51.423055999999974
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==
*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''

*''Climate, water, and soil
Tehran is a mountainside city with an altitude of 900 to 1700 meters above the sea level located on the southern slopes of Alborz mountains. From east to west, the view is dominated by the Alborz mountains, with rivers that are full in springtime and dry in summertime, flowing to satiate underground water tables hidden in the very thick layers of sedimentary rocks (gravel, sand and clay) from the Quaternary. Multiple aqueducts bring the water to surface that, in turn, flows through irrigation canals and brooks along all streets and avenues of Tehran. Lower parts, between 900 to 1200 m, have a fertile soil and gentle slope that permit a productive agricultural activity. In these plains, there are many sources of surface or underground water tables, supplied by aqueducts, floodways and branched out rivers.
In the south of Tehran, the desert begins. Dry and very hot weather in summer and sometimes very cold in winter, make this region seem hostile. The contrast between mountain and desert, and even between north and south of the City, prevents weather crises from taking shape in any part of the year. When heavy snow obstructs mountain roads, plains in the rim of the desert have often a mild sunny weather.
Tehran region has a dry climate. The annual rate of rainfall is only 229mm at the downtown, 400mm in northern neighborhoods and less than 150mm in arable lands of south. Heavy rainfalls in Alborz mountains, mainly as snow, provide a fairly reliable source of water supply for Tehran’s residents and the City’s development. This water flows through a number of rivers and flood canals toward the desert in the south and is swallowed up by the thick layers of alluvium.

*''Main River Valleys in the City
Seven main river valleys pass through the city, including Darakeh, Velenjak, Darband, Golab Dareh, Jamshidyeh, Darabad, and Kan. All of these come from Alborz Mountains of Tehran, and after passing through urban areas reach lower plains in the south, where they meet agricultural lands. This case study concentrates on Darband river valley.
This river (“the Furious River” with 295/000/000 m3 of water per year) flows down from North mountains, passes beyond Hezardarreh hills, east of Tehran, and irrigates the great arable plain of Varamin.''

*''Overall Character and Current Conditions
By carefully looking at the map, Darband river valley and its path is recognized due to its especial natural form. But if we want to follow it in the city, it is not so easy. Some parts of it have been buried under buildings or streets. Other parts of it have been converted to "U" channels and covered by impervious materials such as stone. In terms of flora, except some scattered trees, which are planted alongside the wall of the river valley, there is not major planting adjacent to that. Actually the deep channels surrounding the bed of the river valley has taken the opportunity to plant trees, shrubs, or other kinds of vegetation. Right after the end of the river's walls, there are streets and buildings. This lack of attention to Darband river valley causes people to undermine it and throw their wastes in this river-channel, and this in turn causes major environmental pollution in the site.''

*''Flora
Tehran is rich in terms of the diversity of flora. While some of them are native to Iran, few, if any, of them are endemic to Tehran. Up to now, 13 endemic species of Tehran are known: Eritrichium mertonii (Family Boraginaceae), Buffonia hebecalyx (Family Caryophyllaceae), Stellaria scaturiginella (Family Caryophyllaceae), Centaurea carduiformis subsp. iranica (Family Compositae), Tanacetum polycephalum subsp. junesarens (Family Compositae), Taraxacum darbandense (Family Compositae), Convolvulus gracilininus (Family Ipomoea), Astragalus latianicus (Family Papaveraceae), Astragalus pseudobrunsianus (Family Papaveraceae), Hedysarum elbursense (Family Papaveraceae), Hedysarum hyrcanum var. hyrcanum (Family Papaveraceae), Vicia sojakii (Family Papaveraceae), Galium tehranicum (Family Rubiaceae). All of these species are herbaceous, which aren’t currently used in parks and landscapes. Predominant species of Tehran which are widely planted in parks, streets, and open spaces as well as alongside the river valleys are Platanus orientals, Morus nigra, Ulmus minor ‘umbraculifera’, Fraxinus excelsior, Quercus spp of broadleaved trees; Pinus eldarica and Cupressus arizonica of conifers; Lignustrum vulgare, Viburnum opulus, Nerium oleander, Berberis thunbergii of shrubs; and Common grass and Hedera helix of cover plants.

*''Connectivity to the Wider Green/Gray Structures
Darband river valley in its journey from Alborz Mountains toward plains through the middle of the city links many important services and facilities from urban to local scales. One of the most important structures is North Mountains itself, which during the week and weekends attract thousands of people to hike, mount, and spend leisure time. On the other hand, the river valley passes through main, high traffic roads and highways, which everyday millions of citizens use to go their work. All of these green/Gray structures stress the importance of this historical river valley and affect the river both negatively and positively. Before such an incredible development of the city, when all of the city with its borders was limited to current city center, most parts of these river valleys were far away from the city and its effects. At that time, mostly private gardens and orchards formed their banks.

*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Valleys.jpg|Main River Valleys
Image:Darband.jpg|Situation of Darband River Valley
Image:Buried Parts.jpg|Buried Parts
Image:Abandoned Parts.jpg|Abandoned Parts
Image:Blue Structures.jpg|Gray Structures
Image:Visual and Tactile Disconnection.jpg|Visual and Tactile Disconnection
Image:Journey.jpg|Journey of the River Valley from Mountains to Plains
</gallery>

== What are the overall objectives of your design? What are the specific objectives for enhancing green infrastrucutre? ==

''Please give a short written argumentation (not more than 150 words). It is ok if you have different or even contradicting objectives within your group. Just make it explicit at the beginning of your process ''

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing.''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Social nodes.jpg|Social nodes along the Darband river valley-Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:Traffic nodes.jpg|Traffic analysis-Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|analytical drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|analytical drawing 4
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes), of course with an emphasis on green infrastructure aspects. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing representing his/her individual ideas.''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|projective drawing 1
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|projective drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|projective drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|projective drawing 4
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==
''Please analyse the individual approaches presented so far and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses (you may use the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis SWOT]analysis model). Try to create a synthesis and represent it with a plan and some sketches. You can still use drawings/sketches.''

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|synthesis drawing 1
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|synthesis drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|synthesis drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|synthesis drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''Please reflect on your collaborative design process. Which potentials have you encountered? What was most difficult? What does collaborative design mean for you? (approx 150 words).''

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|image 1
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|image 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|image 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|image 4
</gallery>

== References ==
''* Please make sure that you give proper references of all external resources used.''

''* Do not use images of which you do not hold the copyright.''

''* Please add internet links to other resources if necessary.''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Collaborative Design]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

File:Traffic nodes.jpg

2015-01-24T11:16:49Z

Shahmoradis:

Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group L

2015-01-24T11:14:49Z

Shahmoradis: /* Analytical drawings */

---> back to group page [[Green Infrastructure 2014 - Working Group L|working group L]]

'''''Restoration of Darband River Valley with the Approach to a Green, High Quality Transportation Network'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Darband River Valley''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Tehran''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Iran''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ana Žmire, Shahla Shahmoradi, Fernanda Millán, Simona Sava-Paval''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:0051.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=35.696111
|lng=51.423055999999974
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==
*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''

*''Climate, water, and soil
Tehran is a mountainside city with an altitude of 900 to 1700 meters above the sea level located on the southern slopes of Alborz mountains. From east to west, the view is dominated by the Alborz mountains, with rivers that are full in springtime and dry in summertime, flowing to satiate underground water tables hidden in the very thick layers of sedimentary rocks (gravel, sand and clay) from the Quaternary. Multiple aqueducts bring the water to surface that, in turn, flows through irrigation canals and brooks along all streets and avenues of Tehran. Lower parts, between 900 to 1200 m, have a fertile soil and gentle slope that permit a productive agricultural activity. In these plains, there are many sources of surface or underground water tables, supplied by aqueducts, floodways and branched out rivers.
In the south of Tehran, the desert begins. Dry and very hot weather in summer and sometimes very cold in winter, make this region seem hostile. The contrast between mountain and desert, and even between north and south of the City, prevents weather crises from taking shape in any part of the year. When heavy snow obstructs mountain roads, plains in the rim of the desert have often a mild sunny weather.
Tehran region has a dry climate. The annual rate of rainfall is only 229mm at the downtown, 400mm in northern neighborhoods and less than 150mm in arable lands of south. Heavy rainfalls in Alborz mountains, mainly as snow, provide a fairly reliable source of water supply for Tehran’s residents and the City’s development. This water flows through a number of rivers and flood canals toward the desert in the south and is swallowed up by the thick layers of alluvium.

*''Main River Valleys in the City
Seven main river valleys pass through the city, including Darakeh, Velenjak, Darband, Golab Dareh, Jamshidyeh, Darabad, and Kan. All of these come from Alborz Mountains of Tehran, and after passing through urban areas reach lower plains in the south, where they meet agricultural lands. This case study concentrates on Darband river valley.
This river (“the Furious River” with 295/000/000 m3 of water per year) flows down from North mountains, passes beyond Hezardarreh hills, east of Tehran, and irrigates the great arable plain of Varamin.''

*''Overall Character and Current Conditions
By carefully looking at the map, Darband river valley and its path is recognized due to its especial natural form. But if we want to follow it in the city, it is not so easy. Some parts of it have been buried under buildings or streets. Other parts of it have been converted to "U" channels and covered by impervious materials such as stone. In terms of flora, except some scattered trees, which are planted alongside the wall of the river valley, there is not major planting adjacent to that. Actually the deep channels surrounding the bed of the river valley has taken the opportunity to plant trees, shrubs, or other kinds of vegetation. Right after the end of the river's walls, there are streets and buildings. This lack of attention to Darband river valley causes people to undermine it and throw their wastes in this river-channel, and this in turn causes major environmental pollution in the site.''

*''Flora
Tehran is rich in terms of the diversity of flora. While some of them are native to Iran, few, if any, of them are endemic to Tehran. Up to now, 13 endemic species of Tehran are known: Eritrichium mertonii (Family Boraginaceae), Buffonia hebecalyx (Family Caryophyllaceae), Stellaria scaturiginella (Family Caryophyllaceae), Centaurea carduiformis subsp. iranica (Family Compositae), Tanacetum polycephalum subsp. junesarens (Family Compositae), Taraxacum darbandense (Family Compositae), Convolvulus gracilininus (Family Ipomoea), Astragalus latianicus (Family Papaveraceae), Astragalus pseudobrunsianus (Family Papaveraceae), Hedysarum elbursense (Family Papaveraceae), Hedysarum hyrcanum var. hyrcanum (Family Papaveraceae), Vicia sojakii (Family Papaveraceae), Galium tehranicum (Family Rubiaceae). All of these species are herbaceous, which aren’t currently used in parks and landscapes. Predominant species of Tehran which are widely planted in parks, streets, and open spaces as well as alongside the river valleys are Platanus orientals, Morus nigra, Ulmus minor ‘umbraculifera’, Fraxinus excelsior, Quercus spp of broadleaved trees; Pinus eldarica and Cupressus arizonica of conifers; Lignustrum vulgare, Viburnum opulus, Nerium oleander, Berberis thunbergii of shrubs; and Common grass and Hedera helix of cover plants.

*''Connectivity to the Wider Green/Gray Structures
Darband river valley in its journey from Alborz Mountains toward plains through the middle of the city links many important services and facilities from urban to local scales. One of the most important structures is North Mountains itself, which during the week and weekends attract thousands of people to hike, mount, and spend leisure time. On the other hand, the river valley passes through main, high traffic roads and highways, which everyday millions of citizens use to go their work. All of these green/Gray structures stress the importance of this historical river valley and affect the river both negatively and positively. Before such an incredible development of the city, when all of the city with its borders was limited to current city center, most parts of these river valleys were far away from the city and its effects. At that time, mostly private gardens and orchards formed their banks.

*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Valleys.jpg|Main River Valleys
Image:Darband.jpg|Situation of Darband River Valley
Image:Buried Parts.jpg|Buried Parts
Image:Abandoned Parts.jpg|Abandoned Parts
Image:Blue Structures.jpg|Gray Structures
Image:Visual and Tactile Disconnection.jpg|Visual and Tactile Disconnection
Image:Journey.jpg|Journey of the River Valley from Mountains to Plains
</gallery>

== What are the overall objectives of your design? What are the specific objectives for enhancing green infrastrucutre? ==

''Please give a short written argumentation (not more than 150 words). It is ok if you have different or even contradicting objectives within your group. Just make it explicit at the beginning of your process ''

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing.''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Social nodes.jpg|Social nodes along the Darband river valley-Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|analytical drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|analytical drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|analytical drawing 4
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes), of course with an emphasis on green infrastructure aspects. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing representing his/her individual ideas.''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|projective drawing 1
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|projective drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|projective drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|projective drawing 4
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==
''Please analyse the individual approaches presented so far and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses (you may use the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis SWOT]analysis model). Try to create a synthesis and represent it with a plan and some sketches. You can still use drawings/sketches.''

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|synthesis drawing 1
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|synthesis drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|synthesis drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|synthesis drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''Please reflect on your collaborative design process. Which potentials have you encountered? What was most difficult? What does collaborative design mean for you? (approx 150 words).''

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|image 1
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|image 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|image 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|image 4
</gallery>

== References ==
''* Please make sure that you give proper references of all external resources used.''

''* Do not use images of which you do not hold the copyright.''

''* Please add internet links to other resources if necessary.''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Collaborative Design]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group L

2015-01-24T11:13:38Z

Shahmoradis: /* Analytical drawings */

---> back to group page [[Green Infrastructure 2014 - Working Group L|working group L]]

'''''Restoration of Darband River Valley with the Approach to a Green, High Quality Transportation Network'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Darband River Valley''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Tehran''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Iran''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ana Žmire, Shahla Shahmoradi, Fernanda Millán, Simona Sava-Paval''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:0051.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=35.696111
|lng=51.423055999999974
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==
*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''

*''Climate, water, and soil
Tehran is a mountainside city with an altitude of 900 to 1700 meters above the sea level located on the southern slopes of Alborz mountains. From east to west, the view is dominated by the Alborz mountains, with rivers that are full in springtime and dry in summertime, flowing to satiate underground water tables hidden in the very thick layers of sedimentary rocks (gravel, sand and clay) from the Quaternary. Multiple aqueducts bring the water to surface that, in turn, flows through irrigation canals and brooks along all streets and avenues of Tehran. Lower parts, between 900 to 1200 m, have a fertile soil and gentle slope that permit a productive agricultural activity. In these plains, there are many sources of surface or underground water tables, supplied by aqueducts, floodways and branched out rivers.
In the south of Tehran, the desert begins. Dry and very hot weather in summer and sometimes very cold in winter, make this region seem hostile. The contrast between mountain and desert, and even between north and south of the City, prevents weather crises from taking shape in any part of the year. When heavy snow obstructs mountain roads, plains in the rim of the desert have often a mild sunny weather.
Tehran region has a dry climate. The annual rate of rainfall is only 229mm at the downtown, 400mm in northern neighborhoods and less than 150mm in arable lands of south. Heavy rainfalls in Alborz mountains, mainly as snow, provide a fairly reliable source of water supply for Tehran’s residents and the City’s development. This water flows through a number of rivers and flood canals toward the desert in the south and is swallowed up by the thick layers of alluvium.

*''Main River Valleys in the City
Seven main river valleys pass through the city, including Darakeh, Velenjak, Darband, Golab Dareh, Jamshidyeh, Darabad, and Kan. All of these come from Alborz Mountains of Tehran, and after passing through urban areas reach lower plains in the south, where they meet agricultural lands. This case study concentrates on Darband river valley.
This river (“the Furious River” with 295/000/000 m3 of water per year) flows down from North mountains, passes beyond Hezardarreh hills, east of Tehran, and irrigates the great arable plain of Varamin.''

*''Overall Character and Current Conditions
By carefully looking at the map, Darband river valley and its path is recognized due to its especial natural form. But if we want to follow it in the city, it is not so easy. Some parts of it have been buried under buildings or streets. Other parts of it have been converted to "U" channels and covered by impervious materials such as stone. In terms of flora, except some scattered trees, which are planted alongside the wall of the river valley, there is not major planting adjacent to that. Actually the deep channels surrounding the bed of the river valley has taken the opportunity to plant trees, shrubs, or other kinds of vegetation. Right after the end of the river's walls, there are streets and buildings. This lack of attention to Darband river valley causes people to undermine it and throw their wastes in this river-channel, and this in turn causes major environmental pollution in the site.''

*''Flora
Tehran is rich in terms of the diversity of flora. While some of them are native to Iran, few, if any, of them are endemic to Tehran. Up to now, 13 endemic species of Tehran are known: Eritrichium mertonii (Family Boraginaceae), Buffonia hebecalyx (Family Caryophyllaceae), Stellaria scaturiginella (Family Caryophyllaceae), Centaurea carduiformis subsp. iranica (Family Compositae), Tanacetum polycephalum subsp. junesarens (Family Compositae), Taraxacum darbandense (Family Compositae), Convolvulus gracilininus (Family Ipomoea), Astragalus latianicus (Family Papaveraceae), Astragalus pseudobrunsianus (Family Papaveraceae), Hedysarum elbursense (Family Papaveraceae), Hedysarum hyrcanum var. hyrcanum (Family Papaveraceae), Vicia sojakii (Family Papaveraceae), Galium tehranicum (Family Rubiaceae). All of these species are herbaceous, which aren’t currently used in parks and landscapes. Predominant species of Tehran which are widely planted in parks, streets, and open spaces as well as alongside the river valleys are Platanus orientals, Morus nigra, Ulmus minor ‘umbraculifera’, Fraxinus excelsior, Quercus spp of broadleaved trees; Pinus eldarica and Cupressus arizonica of conifers; Lignustrum vulgare, Viburnum opulus, Nerium oleander, Berberis thunbergii of shrubs; and Common grass and Hedera helix of cover plants.

*''Connectivity to the Wider Green/Gray Structures
Darband river valley in its journey from Alborz Mountains toward plains through the middle of the city links many important services and facilities from urban to local scales. One of the most important structures is North Mountains itself, which during the week and weekends attract thousands of people to hike, mount, and spend leisure time. On the other hand, the river valley passes through main, high traffic roads and highways, which everyday millions of citizens use to go their work. All of these green/Gray structures stress the importance of this historical river valley and affect the river both negatively and positively. Before such an incredible development of the city, when all of the city with its borders was limited to current city center, most parts of these river valleys were far away from the city and its effects. At that time, mostly private gardens and orchards formed their banks.

*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Valleys.jpg|Main River Valleys
Image:Darband.jpg|Situation of Darband River Valley
Image:Buried Parts.jpg|Buried Parts
Image:Abandoned Parts.jpg|Abandoned Parts
Image:Blue Structures.jpg|Gray Structures
Image:Visual and Tactile Disconnection.jpg|Visual and Tactile Disconnection
Image:Journey.jpg|Journey of the River Valley from Mountains to Plains
</gallery>

== What are the overall objectives of your design? What are the specific objectives for enhancing green infrastrucutre? ==

''Please give a short written argumentation (not more than 150 words). It is ok if you have different or even contradicting objectives within your group. Just make it explicit at the beginning of your process ''

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing.''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Social nodes.jpg|Social Nodes-Shahla Shahmoradi
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|analytical drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|analytical drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|analytical drawing 4
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes), of course with an emphasis on green infrastructure aspects. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing representing his/her individual ideas.''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|projective drawing 1
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|projective drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|projective drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|projective drawing 4
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==
''Please analyse the individual approaches presented so far and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses (you may use the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis SWOT]analysis model). Try to create a synthesis and represent it with a plan and some sketches. You can still use drawings/sketches.''

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|synthesis drawing 1
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|synthesis drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|synthesis drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|synthesis drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''Please reflect on your collaborative design process. Which potentials have you encountered? What was most difficult? What does collaborative design mean for you? (approx 150 words).''

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|image 1
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|image 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|image 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|image 4
</gallery>

== References ==
''* Please make sure that you give proper references of all external resources used.''

''* Do not use images of which you do not hold the copyright.''

''* Please add internet links to other resources if necessary.''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Collaborative Design]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

File:Social nodes.jpg

2015-01-24T11:11:35Z

Shahmoradis:

Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group L

2015-01-02T17:38:31Z

Shahmoradis: /* Landscape and/or urban context of your case */

---> back to group page [[Green Infrastructure 2014 - Working Group L|working group L]]

'''''Restoration of Darband River Valley with the Approach to a Green, High Quality Transportation Network'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Darband River Valley''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Tehran''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Iran''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ana Žmire, Shahla Shahmoradi, Fernanda Millán, Simona Sava-Paval''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:0051.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=35.696111
|lng=51.423055999999974
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==
*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''

*''Climate, water, and soil
Tehran is a mountainside city with an altitude of 900 to 1700 meters above the sea level located on the southern slopes of Alborz mountains. From east to west, the view is dominated by the Alborz mountains, with rivers that are full in springtime and dry in summertime, flowing to satiate underground water tables hidden in the very thick layers of sedimentary rocks (gravel, sand and clay) from the Quaternary. Multiple aqueducts bring the water to surface that, in turn, flows through irrigation canals and brooks along all streets and avenues of Tehran. Lower parts, between 900 to 1200 m, have a fertile soil and gentle slope that permit a productive agricultural activity. In these plains, there are many sources of surface or underground water tables, supplied by aqueducts, floodways and branched out rivers.
In the south of Tehran, the desert begins. Dry and very hot weather in summer and sometimes very cold in winter, make this region seem hostile. The contrast between mountain and desert, and even between north and south of the City, prevents weather crises from taking shape in any part of the year. When heavy snow obstructs mountain roads, plains in the rim of the desert have often a mild sunny weather.
Tehran region has a dry climate. The annual rate of rainfall is only 229mm at the downtown, 400mm in northern neighborhoods and less than 150mm in arable lands of south. Heavy rainfalls in Alborz mountains, mainly as snow, provide a fairly reliable source of water supply for Tehran’s residents and the City’s development. This water flows through a number of rivers and flood canals toward the desert in the south and is swallowed up by the thick layers of alluvium.

*''Main River Valleys in the City
Seven main river valleys pass through the city, including Darakeh, Velenjak, Darband, Golab Dareh, Jamshidyeh, Darabad, and Kan. All of these come from Alborz Mountains of Tehran, and after passing through urban areas reach lower plains in the south, where they meet agricultural lands. This case study concentrates on Darband river valley.
This river (“the Furious River” with 295/000/000 m3 of water per year) flows down from North mountains, passes beyond Hezardarreh hills, east of Tehran, and irrigates the great arable plain of Varamin.''

*''Overall Character and Current Conditions
By carefully looking at the map, Darband river valley and its path is recognized due to its especial natural form. But if we want to follow it in the city, it is not so easy. Some parts of it have been buried under buildings or streets. Other parts of it have been converted to "U" channels and covered by impervious materials such as stone. In terms of flora, except some scattered trees, which are planted alongside the wall of the river valley, there is not major planting adjacent to that. Actually the deep channels surrounding the bed of the river valley has taken the opportunity to plant trees, shrubs, or other kinds of vegetation. Right after the end of the river's walls, there are streets and buildings. This lack of attention to Darband river valley causes people to undermine it and throw their wastes in this river-channel, and this in turn causes major environmental pollution in the site.''

*''Flora
Tehran is rich in terms of the diversity of flora. While some of them are native to Iran, few, if any, of them are endemic to Tehran. Up to now, 13 endemic species of Tehran are known: Eritrichium mertonii (Family Boraginaceae), Buffonia hebecalyx (Family Caryophyllaceae), Stellaria scaturiginella (Family Caryophyllaceae), Centaurea carduiformis subsp. iranica (Family Compositae), Tanacetum polycephalum subsp. junesarens (Family Compositae), Taraxacum darbandense (Family Compositae), Convolvulus gracilininus (Family Ipomoea), Astragalus latianicus (Family Papaveraceae), Astragalus pseudobrunsianus (Family Papaveraceae), Hedysarum elbursense (Family Papaveraceae), Hedysarum hyrcanum var. hyrcanum (Family Papaveraceae), Vicia sojakii (Family Papaveraceae), Galium tehranicum (Family Rubiaceae). All of these species are herbaceous, which aren’t currently used in parks and landscapes. Predominant species of Tehran which are widely planted in parks, streets, and open spaces as well as alongside the river valleys are Platanus orientals, Morus nigra, Ulmus minor ‘umbraculifera’, Fraxinus excelsior, Quercus spp of broadleaved trees; Pinus eldarica and Cupressus arizonica of conifers; Lignustrum vulgare, Viburnum opulus, Nerium oleander, Berberis thunbergii of shrubs; and Common grass and Hedera helix of cover plants.

*''Connectivity to the Wider Green/Gray Structures
Darband river valley in its journey from Alborz Mountains toward plains through the middle of the city links many important services and facilities from urban to local scales. One of the most important structures is North Mountains itself, which during the week and weekends attract thousands of people to hike, mount, and spend leisure time. On the other hand, the river valley passes through main, high traffic roads and highways, which everyday millions of citizens use to go their work. All of these green/Gray structures stress the importance of this historical river valley and affect the river both negatively and positively. Before such an incredible development of the city, when all of the city with its borders was limited to current city center, most parts of these river valleys were far away from the city and its effects. At that time, mostly private gardens and orchards formed their banks.

*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Valleys.jpg|Main River Valleys
Image:Darband.jpg|Situation of Darband River Valley
Image:Buried Parts.jpg|Buried Parts
Image:Abandoned Parts.jpg|Abandoned Parts
Image:Blue Structures.jpg|Gray Structures
Image:Visual and Tactile Disconnection.jpg|Visual and Tactile Disconnection
Image:Journey.jpg|Journey of the River Valley from Mountains to Plains
</gallery>

== What are the overall objectives of your design? What are the specific objectives for enhancing green infrastrucutre? ==

''Please give a short written argumentation (not more than 150 words). It is ok if you have different or even contradicting objectives within your group. Just make it explicit at the beginning of your process ''

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing.''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|analytical drawing 1
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|analytical drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|analytical drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|analytical drawing 4
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes), of course with an emphasis on green infrastructure aspects. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing representing his/her individual ideas.''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|projective drawing 1
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|projective drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|projective drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|projective drawing 4
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==
''Please analyse the individual approaches presented so far and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses (you may use the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis SWOT]analysis model). Try to create a synthesis and represent it with a plan and some sketches. You can still use drawings/sketches.''

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|synthesis drawing 1
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|synthesis drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|synthesis drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|synthesis drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''Please reflect on your collaborative design process. Which potentials have you encountered? What was most difficult? What does collaborative design mean for you? (approx 150 words).''

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|image 1
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|image 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|image 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|image 4
</gallery>

== References ==
''* Please make sure that you give proper references of all external resources used.''

''* Do not use images of which you do not hold the copyright.''

''* Please add internet links to other resources if necessary.''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Collaborative Design]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

File:Journey.jpg

2015-01-02T17:35:08Z

Shahmoradis:

File:Journey.jpeg

2015-01-02T17:15:44Z

Shahmoradis:

Green Infrastructure 2014 - Working Group L

2014-12-29T12:36:52Z

Shahmoradis: /* Collaborative Design Working Group L: Restoration of Darband River Valley with the Approach to a Green, High Quality Transportation Network */

--> Back to [[Working_Groups_Seminar_Green_Infrastructure_2014|working group overview]]

''Dear working group members. This is your group page and you will be completing the template gradually as we move through the seminar. Each member has an individual page for documenting his/her personal case. You can also access your template for assignment 4 (the joint design) from here. Good luck and enjoy your collaboration!
''

== Assignment 2 - Lecture Concept Map ==
*''The list with the group distribution shows you which lecture your group is supposed to document in the concept map format.''
*''Please add your collaborative concept map here by replacing the dummy image. Your map needs to have a new file name:''

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:yourfilename.jpg|''add your lecture title here by replacing this text''
</gallery>

== Assignment 3 - Green infrastructure potential in your environment ==

*'''Assigned: Tuesday, October 28'''
*'''Due: Monday, December 1'''

''There is one template page for each group member. The case could be a specific site in direct vicinity or a larger area in your region. The objective is to identify structures that have the potential to become elements of a green infrastructure strategy. ''

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group L - Case Study 1|Zagreb, Croatia]] ===
=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Group L - Case Study 2|Tehran, Iran]] ===

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Group L - Case Study 3|La Coruña, Spain]] ===

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Group L - Case Study 4|Case Study 4]] ===

=== Presentation Slides Assignment 3 ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:L-s1.jpg|Slide 1
Image:L-s2.jpg|Slide 2
Image:L-s3.jpg|Slide 3
Image:L-s4.jpg|Slide 4
Image:L-s5.jpg|Slide 5
Image:L-s6.jpg|Slide 6
</gallery>

== Assignment 4 - Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design ==

*'''Assigned: Tuesday, December 2'''
*'''Due: Tuesday, January 26'''

==='''[[Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group L|Collaborative Design: Restoration of Darband River Valley with the Approach to a Green, High Quality Transportation Network]]'''===

=== Presentation Slides Collaborative Design ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:GI_yourgroupname_ass4_slide1.jpg|Analytical Drawings
Image:GI_yourgroupname_ass4_slide2.jpg|Projective Drawings
Image:GI_yourgroupname_ass4_slide3.jpg|Design Synthesis
</gallery>

----

[[Category: Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group]]

Green Infrastructure 2014 - Working Group L

2014-12-29T12:36:04Z

Shahmoradis: /* Collaborative Design Working Group L */

--> Back to [[Working_Groups_Seminar_Green_Infrastructure_2014|working group overview]]

''Dear working group members. This is your group page and you will be completing the template gradually as we move through the seminar. Each member has an individual page for documenting his/her personal case. You can also access your template for assignment 4 (the joint design) from here. Good luck and enjoy your collaboration!
''

== Assignment 2 - Lecture Concept Map ==
*''The list with the group distribution shows you which lecture your group is supposed to document in the concept map format.''
*''Please add your collaborative concept map here by replacing the dummy image. Your map needs to have a new file name:''

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:yourfilename.jpg|''add your lecture title here by replacing this text''
</gallery>

== Assignment 3 - Green infrastructure potential in your environment ==

*'''Assigned: Tuesday, October 28'''
*'''Due: Monday, December 1'''

''There is one template page for each group member. The case could be a specific site in direct vicinity or a larger area in your region. The objective is to identify structures that have the potential to become elements of a green infrastructure strategy. ''

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group L - Case Study 1|Zagreb, Croatia]] ===
=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Group L - Case Study 2|Tehran, Iran]] ===

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Group L - Case Study 3|La Coruña, Spain]] ===

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Group L - Case Study 4|Case Study 4]] ===

=== Presentation Slides Assignment 3 ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:L-s1.jpg|Slide 1
Image:L-s2.jpg|Slide 2
Image:L-s3.jpg|Slide 3
Image:L-s4.jpg|Slide 4
Image:L-s5.jpg|Slide 5
Image:L-s6.jpg|Slide 6
</gallery>

== Assignment 4 - Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design ==

*'''Assigned: Tuesday, December 2'''
*'''Due: Tuesday, January 26'''

==='''[[Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group L|Collaborative Design Working Group L: Restoration of Darband River Valley with the Approach to a Green, High Quality Transportation Network]]'''===

=== Presentation Slides Collaborative Design ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:GI_yourgroupname_ass4_slide1.jpg|Analytical Drawings
Image:GI_yourgroupname_ass4_slide2.jpg|Projective Drawings
Image:GI_yourgroupname_ass4_slide3.jpg|Design Synthesis
</gallery>

----

[[Category: Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group]]

Green Infrastructure 2014 - Working Group L

2014-12-29T12:34:32Z

Shahmoradis: /* Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design: Restoration of Darband River Valley with the Approach to a Green, High Quality Transportation Network */

--> Back to [[Working_Groups_Seminar_Green_Infrastructure_2014|working group overview]]

''Dear working group members. This is your group page and you will be completing the template gradually as we move through the seminar. Each member has an individual page for documenting his/her personal case. You can also access your template for assignment 4 (the joint design) from here. Good luck and enjoy your collaboration!
''

== Assignment 2 - Lecture Concept Map ==
*''The list with the group distribution shows you which lecture your group is supposed to document in the concept map format.''
*''Please add your collaborative concept map here by replacing the dummy image. Your map needs to have a new file name:''

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:yourfilename.jpg|''add your lecture title here by replacing this text''
</gallery>

== Assignment 3 - Green infrastructure potential in your environment ==

*'''Assigned: Tuesday, October 28'''
*'''Due: Monday, December 1'''

''There is one template page for each group member. The case could be a specific site in direct vicinity or a larger area in your region. The objective is to identify structures that have the potential to become elements of a green infrastructure strategy. ''

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group L - Case Study 1|Zagreb, Croatia]] ===
=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Group L - Case Study 2|Tehran, Iran]] ===

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Group L - Case Study 3|La Coruña, Spain]] ===

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Group L - Case Study 4|Case Study 4]] ===

=== Presentation Slides Assignment 3 ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:L-s1.jpg|Slide 1
Image:L-s2.jpg|Slide 2
Image:L-s3.jpg|Slide 3
Image:L-s4.jpg|Slide 4
Image:L-s5.jpg|Slide 5
Image:L-s6.jpg|Slide 6
</gallery>

== Assignment 4 - Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design ==

*'''Assigned: Tuesday, December 2'''
*'''Due: Tuesday, January 26'''

==='''[[Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group L|Collaborative Design Working Group L]]'''===

=== Presentation Slides Collaborative Design ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:GI_yourgroupname_ass4_slide1.jpg|Analytical Drawings
Image:GI_yourgroupname_ass4_slide2.jpg|Projective Drawings
Image:GI_yourgroupname_ass4_slide3.jpg|Design Synthesis
</gallery>

----

[[Category: Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group]]

Green Infrastructure 2014 - Working Group L

2014-12-29T12:33:09Z

Shahmoradis: /* Collaborative Design Working Group L */

--> Back to [[Working_Groups_Seminar_Green_Infrastructure_2014|working group overview]]

''Dear working group members. This is your group page and you will be completing the template gradually as we move through the seminar. Each member has an individual page for documenting his/her personal case. You can also access your template for assignment 4 (the joint design) from here. Good luck and enjoy your collaboration!
''

== Assignment 2 - Lecture Concept Map ==
*''The list with the group distribution shows you which lecture your group is supposed to document in the concept map format.''
*''Please add your collaborative concept map here by replacing the dummy image. Your map needs to have a new file name:''

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:yourfilename.jpg|''add your lecture title here by replacing this text''
</gallery>

== Assignment 3 - Green infrastructure potential in your environment ==

*'''Assigned: Tuesday, October 28'''
*'''Due: Monday, December 1'''

''There is one template page for each group member. The case could be a specific site in direct vicinity or a larger area in your region. The objective is to identify structures that have the potential to become elements of a green infrastructure strategy. ''

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group L - Case Study 1|Zagreb, Croatia]] ===
=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Group L - Case Study 2|Tehran, Iran]] ===

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Group L - Case Study 3|La Coruña, Spain]] ===

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Group L - Case Study 4|Case Study 4]] ===

=== Presentation Slides Assignment 3 ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:L-s1.jpg|Slide 1
Image:L-s2.jpg|Slide 2
Image:L-s3.jpg|Slide 3
Image:L-s4.jpg|Slide 4
Image:L-s5.jpg|Slide 5
Image:L-s6.jpg|Slide 6
</gallery>

== Assignment 4 - Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design ==

*'''Assigned: Tuesday, December 2'''
*'''Due: Tuesday, January 26'''

==='''[[Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design: Restoration of Darband River Valley with the Approach to a Green, High Quality Transportation Network]]'''===

=== Presentation Slides Collaborative Design ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:GI_yourgroupname_ass4_slide1.jpg|Analytical Drawings
Image:GI_yourgroupname_ass4_slide2.jpg|Projective Drawings
Image:GI_yourgroupname_ass4_slide3.jpg|Design Synthesis
</gallery>

----

[[Category: Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group]]

Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group L

2014-12-29T12:30:35Z

Shahmoradis: /* Landscape and/or urban context of your case */

---> back to group page [[Green Infrastructure 2014 - Working Group L|working group L]]

'''''Restoration of Darband River Valley with the Approach to a Green, High Quality Transportation Network'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Darband River Valley''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Tehran''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Iran''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ana Žmire, Shahla Shahmoradi, Fernanda Millán, Simona Sava-Paval''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:0051.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=35.696111
|lng=51.423055999999974
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==
*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''

*''Climate, water, and soil
Tehran is a mountainside city with an altitude of 900 to 1700 meters above the sea level located on the southern slopes of Alborz mountains. From east to west, the view is dominated by the Alborz mountains, with rivers that are full in springtime and dry in summertime, flowing to satiate underground water tables hidden in the very thick layers of sedimentary rocks (gravel, sand and clay) from the Quaternary. Multiple aqueducts bring the water to surface that, in turn, flows through irrigation canals and brooks along all streets and avenues of Tehran. Lower parts, between 900 to 1200 m, have a fertile soil and gentle slope that permit a productive agricultural activity. In these plains, there are many sources of surface or underground water tables, supplied by aqueducts, floodways and branched out rivers.
In the south of Tehran, the desert begins. Dry and very hot weather in summer and sometimes very cold in winter, make this region seem hostile. The contrast between mountain and desert, and even between north and south of the City, prevents weather crises from taking shape in any part of the year. When heavy snow obstructs mountain roads, plains in the rim of the desert have often a mild sunny weather.
Tehran region has a dry climate. The annual rate of rainfall is only 229mm at the downtown, 400mm in northern neighborhoods and less than 150mm in arable lands of south. Heavy rainfalls in Alborz mountains, mainly as snow, provide a fairly reliable source of water supply for Tehran’s residents and the City’s development. This water flows through a number of rivers and flood canals toward the desert in the south and is swallowed up by the thick layers of alluvium.

*''Main River Valleys in the City
Seven main river valleys pass through the city, including Darakeh, Velenjak, Darband, Golab Dareh, Jamshidyeh, Darabad, and Kan. All of these come from Alborz Mountains of Tehran, and after passing through urban areas reach lower plains in the south, where they meet agricultural lands. This case study concentrates on Darband river valley.
This river (“the Furious River” with 295/000/000 m3 of water per year) flows down from North mountains, passes beyond Hezardarreh hills, east of Tehran, and irrigates the great arable plain of Varamin.''

*''Overall Character and Current Conditions
By carefully looking at the map, Darband river valley and its path is recognized due to its especial natural form. But if we want to follow it in the city, it is not so easy. Some parts of it have been buried under buildings or streets. Other parts of it have been converted to "U" channels and covered by impervious materials such as stone. In terms of flora, except some scattered trees, which are planted alongside the wall of the river valley, there is not major planting adjacent to that. Actually the deep channels surrounding the bed of the river valley has taken the opportunity to plant trees, shrubs, or other kinds of vegetation. Right after the end of the river's walls, there are streets and buildings. This lack of attention to Darband river valley causes people to undermine it and throw their wastes in this river-channel, and this in turn causes major environmental pollution in the site.''

*''Flora
Tehran is rich in terms of the diversity of flora. While some of them are native to Iran, few, if any, of them are endemic to Tehran. Up to now, 13 endemic species of Tehran are known: Eritrichium mertonii (Family Boraginaceae), Buffonia hebecalyx (Family Caryophyllaceae), Stellaria scaturiginella (Family Caryophyllaceae), Centaurea carduiformis subsp. iranica (Family Compositae), Tanacetum polycephalum subsp. junesarens (Family Compositae), Taraxacum darbandense (Family Compositae), Convolvulus gracilininus (Family Ipomoea), Astragalus latianicus (Family Papaveraceae), Astragalus pseudobrunsianus (Family Papaveraceae), Hedysarum elbursense (Family Papaveraceae), Hedysarum hyrcanum var. hyrcanum (Family Papaveraceae), Vicia sojakii (Family Papaveraceae), Galium tehranicum (Family Rubiaceae). All of these species are herbaceous, which aren’t currently used in parks and landscapes. Predominant species of Tehran which are widely planted in parks, streets, and open spaces as well as alongside the river valleys are Platanus orientals, Morus nigra, Ulmus minor ‘umbraculifera’, Fraxinus excelsior, Quercus spp of broadleaved trees; Pinus eldarica and Cupressus arizonica of conifers; Lignustrum vulgare, Viburnum opulus, Nerium oleander, Berberis thunbergii of shrubs; and Common grass and Hedera helix of cover plants.

*''Connectivity to the Wider Green/Gray Structures
Darband river valley in its journey from Alborz Mountains toward plains through the middle of the city links many important services and facilities from urban to local scales. One of the most important structures is North Mountains itself, which during the week and weekends attract thousands of people to hike, mount, and spend leisure time. On the other hand, the river valley passes through main, high traffic roads and highways, which everyday millions of citizens use to go their work. All of these green/Gray structures stress the importance of this historical river valley and affect the river both negatively and positively. Before such an incredible development of the city, when all of the city with its borders was limited to current city center, most parts of these river valleys were far away from the city and its effects. At that time, mostly private gardens and orchards formed their banks.

*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Valleys.jpg|Main River Valleys
Image:Darband.jpg|Situation of Darband River Valley
Image:Buried Parts.jpg|Buried Parts
Image:Abandoned Parts.jpg|Abandoned Parts
Image:Blue Structures.jpg|Gray Structures
Image:Visual and Tactile Disconnection.jpg|Visual and Tactile Disconnection
</gallery>

== What are the overall objectives of your design? What are the specific objectives for enhancing green infrastrucutre? ==

''Please give a short written argumentation (not more than 150 words). It is ok if you have different or even contradicting objectives within your group. Just make it explicit at the beginning of your process ''

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing.''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|analytical drawing 1
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|analytical drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|analytical drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|analytical drawing 4
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes), of course with an emphasis on green infrastructure aspects. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing representing his/her individual ideas.''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|projective drawing 1
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|projective drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|projective drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|projective drawing 4
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==
''Please analyse the individual approaches presented so far and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses (you may use the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis SWOT]analysis model). Try to create a synthesis and represent it with a plan and some sketches. You can still use drawings/sketches.''

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|synthesis drawing 1
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|synthesis drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|synthesis drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|synthesis drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''Please reflect on your collaborative design process. Which potentials have you encountered? What was most difficult? What does collaborative design mean for you? (approx 150 words).''

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|image 1
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|image 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|image 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|image 4
</gallery>

== References ==
''* Please make sure that you give proper references of all external resources used.''

''* Do not use images of which you do not hold the copyright.''

''* Please add internet links to other resources if necessary.''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Collaborative Design]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group L

2014-12-16T16:13:30Z

Shahmoradis: /* Landscape and/or urban context of your case */

Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group L

2014-12-16T16:05:45Z

Shahmoradis:

Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group L

2014-12-16T16:02:41Z

Shahmoradis:

Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group L

2014-12-16T16:00:12Z

Shahmoradis:

Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group L

2014-12-16T15:59:16Z

Shahmoradis:

Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group L

2014-12-16T15:58:34Z

Shahmoradis:

File:0051.jpg

2014-12-16T15:56:57Z

Shahmoradis:

File:123.jpg

2014-12-16T15:52:53Z

Shahmoradis: Shahmoradis uploaded a new version of "File:123.jpg"

Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group L

2014-12-16T15:46:02Z

Shahmoradis:

Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group L

2014-12-16T15:44:23Z

Shahmoradis:

---> back to group page [[Green Infrastructure 2014 - Working Group L|working group L]]

'''''Please add the title of your case study here, adjust the map coordinates and replace the moa image with a characteristic image of your site'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Darband River Valley''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Tehran''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Iran''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ana Žmire, Shahla Shahmoradi, Fernanda Millán, Simona Sava-Paval''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Moa.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=71.295556
|lng=-156.766389
|zoom=8
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==
*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''
* you can keep this short
* Illustration: Map; sketches; short descriptive analyses

== What are the overall objectives of your design? What are the specific objectives for enhancing green infrastrucutre? ==

''Please give a short written argumentation (not more than 150 words). It is ok if you have different or even contradicting objectives within your group. Just make it explicit at the beginning of your process ''

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing.''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|analytical drawing 1
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|analytical drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|analytical drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|analytical drawing 4
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes), of course with an emphasis on green infrastructure aspects. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing representing his/her individual ideas.''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|projective drawing 1
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|projective drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|projective drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|projective drawing 4
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==
''Please analyse the individual approaches presented so far and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses (you may use the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis SWOT]analysis model). Try to create a synthesis and represent it with a plan and some sketches. You can still use drawings/sketches.''

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|synthesis drawing 1
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|synthesis drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|synthesis drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|synthesis drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''Please reflect on your collaborative design process. Which potentials have you encountered? What was most difficult? What does collaborative design mean for you? (approx 150 words).''

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|image 1
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|image 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|image 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|image 4
</gallery>

== References ==
''* Please make sure that you give proper references of all external resources used.''

''* Do not use images of which you do not hold the copyright.''

''* Please add internet links to other resources if necessary.''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Collaborative Design]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Green Infrastructure 2014 Group L - Case Study 2

2014-12-01T18:20:46Z

Shahmoradis: /* Summary and conclusion */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_L|working group L]]

'''''Restoration of Darband River Valley with the Approach to a Green, High Quality Transportation Network'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Darband River Valley''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Iran''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Tehran''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Shahla Shahmoradi''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Darband River Valley.JPG|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=300
|lat=35.696111
|lng=51.423055999999974
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

''River valleys are a valuable feature of Tehran in this arid climate. They act as lungs of a city which bring fresh air from mountains. Unfortunately, there is not much attention to this natural feature in Tehran. Actually, in many parts of the city, their beds have been covered by non-permeable materials, and even worse they have been replaced by highways with a lot of natural and social consequences. On the other hand, Tehran is also a megacity with huge inner-city travels and a burgeoning interest in walking and biking. However, there are not safe and enjoyable spaces to comfortably walk and bike. I see these river valleys a great opportunity to convert to an ecological pathway. Besides discharging stormwater, they have a remarkable potential to more integrate communities, more tie people to nature, make people healthy, and provide a sustainable delightful transportation network.''

== Author's perspective ==
''I have a bachelor's degree in Urbanism, and worked for about three years in two consulting engineers firms. I currently collaborate with a research office, and research into ecocities. On one of the projects at my previous workplace, I, as a team member, worked on adjacent neighborhoods of a highway. This highway passed through tight neighborhoods with strong relationships. After detailed studies, we found out this highway caused extraordinary disintegration within the communities so that even some children had to cross over the highway to reach their schools. After living near one of these highways which once was a river valley, I have more deeply perceived this disintegration as well as huge noise and air pollution. This has always been my challenge that following this fact that we have a lot of north-south river valleys which have a great potential to convert to a green infrastructure and we need more ways, why we don’t restore these valleys and improve green transportation with the help of them. More dedicating spaces to automobiles means more pollution, more congestion, more illnesses, and more disintegrated communities, while providing delightful environments to walking, biking, and convenient public transportation means more healthy citizens, more environmentally friendly infrastructures, and more sustainable environments and communities, which is what river valleys can give us. Sometimes, I really desire to bike or walk to my destination but in this polluted and automobile-oriented city, I hardly even persuade myself to go out! I believe this megacity with burgeoning population and inner-city travels needs a redefinition of their transportation network toward a sustainable future. My intention of studying this case is restoration of river valleys with the approach to green, high quality transportation network.''

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

*''Main River Valleys in the City
Seven main river valleys pass through the city, including Darakeh, Velenjak, Darband, Golab Dareh, Jamshidyeh, Darabad, and Kan. All of these come from Alborz Mountains of Tehran, and after passing through urban areas reach lower plains in the south, where they meet agricultural lands. My case study concentrates on Darband river valley, which passes alongside my neighborhood.''

*''Overall Character and Current Conditions
By carefully looking at the map, Darband river valley and its path is recognized due to its especial natural form. But if we want to follow it in the city, it is not so easy. Some parts of it have been buried under buildings or streets. Other parts of it have been converted to "U" channels and covered by impervious materials such as stone. In terms of flora, except some scattered trees, which are planted alongside the wall of the river valley, there is not major planting adjacent to that. Actually the deep channels surrounding the bed of the river valley has taken the opportunity to plant trees, shrubs, or other kinds of vegetation. Right after the end of the river's walls, there are streets and buildings. This lack of attention to Darband river valley causes people to undermine it and throw their wastes in this river-channel, and this in turn causes major environmental pollution in the site.''

*''Flora
Tehran is rich in terms of the diversity of flora. While some of them are native to Iran, few, if any, of them are endemic to Tehran. Up to now, 13 endemic species of Tehran are known: Eritrichium mertonii (Family Boraginaceae), Buffonia hebecalyx (Family Caryophyllaceae), Stellaria scaturiginella (Family Caryophyllaceae), Centaurea carduiformis subsp. iranica (Family Compositae), Tanacetum polycephalum subsp. junesarens (Family Compositae), Taraxacum darbandense (Family Compositae), Convolvulus gracilininus (Family Ipomoea), Astragalus latianicus (Family Papaveraceae), Astragalus pseudobrunsianus (Family Papaveraceae), Hedysarum elbursense (Family Papaveraceae), Hedysarum hyrcanum var. hyrcanum (Family Papaveraceae), Vicia sojakii (Family Papaveraceae), Galium tehranicum (Family Rubiaceae). All of these species are herbaceous, which aren’t currently used in parks and landscapes. Predominant species of Tehran which are widely planted in parks, streets, and open spaces as well as alongside the river valleys are Platanus orientals, Morus nigra, Ulmus minor ‘umbraculifera’, Fraxinus excelsior, Quercus spp of broadleaved trees; Pinus eldarica and Cupressus arizonica of conifers; Lignustrum vulgare, Viburnum opulus, Nerium oleander, Berberis thunbergii of shrubs; and Common grass and Hedera helix of cover plants.

*''Connectivity to the Wider Green/Gray Structures
Darband river valley in its journey from Alborz Mountains toward plains through the middle of the city links many important services and facilities from urban to local scales. One of the most important structures is North Mountains itself, which during the week and weekends attract thousands of people to hike, mount, and spend leisure time. On the other hand, the river valley passes through main, high traffic roads and highways, which everyday millions of citizens use to go their work. All of these green/Gray structures stress the importance of this historical river valley and affect the river both negatively and positively. Before such an incredible development of the city, when all of the city with its borders was limited to current city center, most parts of these river valleys were far away from the city and its effects. At that time, mostly private gardens and orchards formed their banks.
*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Valleys.jpg|Main River Valleys
Image:Darband.jpg|Situation of Darband River Valley
Image:Buried Parts.jpg|Buried Parts
Image:Abandoned Parts.jpg|Abandoned Parts
Image:Blue Structures.jpg|Gray Structures
Image:Visual and Tactile Disconnection.jpg|Visual and Tactile Disconnection
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Connection.jpg|Connection of Green Infrastructures by Darband River Valley
Image:Gray.jpg|Main Roads Crossing The River
Image:001.jpg|Effects of Covering the Bed of the River on Environment
Image:U-Channel Part of Darband River Valley in Relation to the City.jpg|U-Channel Part of Darband River Valley in Relation to the City
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''GI in my site could satisfy social, ecological, economic, and human health benefits as well as connectivity and integration. Among them, at first stage ecological and human health benefits, at the second stage connectivity, and then social benefits are predominant. While restoration of Darband River Valley provides a great biodiversity, good drainage, managed stormwater, more planted areas, and as a whole a healthy, efficient natural ecosystem, pedestrian and bicycle paths and public transportation provide high quality of connectivity between various parts of the city which is an absolute demand in this megacity and especially this direction. All these help ease tension among citizens, make people attentive to nature, maintain hydrologic cycle, reduce the emission of greenhouse gases, and mitigate climate change which can directly or indirectly result in economic benefits. From an economic point of view, while such a sustainable environment can attract huge investments to benefit from a high quality of life, more people and investors are induced to put money into green infrastructures. And more importantly, people can benefit from an economic, enjoyable, healthy transportation network. From a social point of view, people gradually notice the importance of natural ecosystems and their services since they would have been integrated with their neighborhoods and their daily life. People make themselves responsible to preserve this natural environment which not only can bring an incredible economic benefit, but can create resilient communities by gathering people and motivating them through participation.''

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Following my approaches to the site, I have classified major functions as restoring the ecosystem of Darband River Valley, managing stormwater, promoting accessibility with the help of pedestrian and bicycle routes as well as green public transportation such as trams and trains, connecting major and minor parks and amenities by an ecological corridor, integrating communities, and providing leisure, recreation and pleasant spaces for residents and citizens as a whole. There are absolutely subfunctions under each of these major functions that can comprehensively cover all of my intentions to the site which namely are controlling floods, reducing environmental pollution, improving aesthetics, providing more sport facilities, using native and drought-adapted plants in this arid climate, and educating people.''

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''I mainly plan to only restore the bed of Darband River Valley in 1-2 years because its bed is currently blocked under materials and its soil needs to absorb oxygen and acquire stability. This is an important step, so after removing the materials and returning the bed to its natural form, it is needed to plant trees and shrubs which help stabilize and enrich soil.''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''Within 10-15 years, the buildings within the boundary of Darband River Valley and some areas beyond that should be removed and dedicated to greenway. The proposed cross section is general for throughout the route of Darband River Valley. However, where removing the buildings is not possible, the greenway will be dedicated to pedestrian and bicycle paths, and public transportation will pass through the existing streets.''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Restoration-1-2 year.jpg|Restoration of the Bed of Darband River Valley in the Near Future
Image:Restoration-10-15 year.jpg|Converting the Area Adjacent to the River Valley to a Green Transportation Network in 10-15 Years
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''Nature has great, hidden potentials to help us save biota in these disturbed conditions. Green infrastructures are a strong, nature-based solution that can alleviate these harsh conditions by applying the potentials of nature. Especially, with burgeoning growth of population and expanding the area and number of cities, the demand for green infrastructures is more sensible. Ignoring the natural ecosystems and consequences of our actions has caused many disruptions on our planet. Climate change, greenhouse effects, food and fresh water scarcity, species extinction, and environmental pollution are major problems of the modern world which most of those can be cut by environmentally friendly design and planning of cities and settlements. On the other hand, from my point of view, access is a significant challenge of metropolitan areas and cities that, by inappropriate strategies such as automobile-oriented developments, can cause many environmental and social problems. I have tried to address these major challenges, occupied me for a long time, toward a sustainable solution on my case study.''

== Image Gallery ==
''Please add further images/photos here''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
</gallery>

== References ==

*''Municipality of Tehran., The Tehran Parks & Green Spaces Organization. Reviewing the plants of green spaces of Tehran report. (2009).
http://parks.tehran.ir/default.aspx?tabid=92&ArticleId=806''
*''Russell, T., Cutler, C. (2012). TREES: AN ILLUSTRATED IDENTIFIER AND ENCYCLOPEDIA. Hermes House. 123, 135, 139, 152.''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Green Infrastructure 2014 Group L - Case Study 2

2014-12-01T18:13:44Z

Shahmoradis: /* References */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_L|working group L]]

'''''Restoration of Darband River Valley with the Approach to a Green, High Quality Transportation Network'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Darband River Valley''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Iran''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Tehran''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Shahla Shahmoradi''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Darband River Valley.JPG|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=300
|lat=35.696111
|lng=51.423055999999974
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

''River valleys are a valuable feature of Tehran in this arid climate. They act as lungs of a city which bring fresh air from mountains. Unfortunately, there is not much attention to this natural feature in Tehran. Actually, in many parts of the city, their beds have been covered by non-permeable materials, and even worse they have been replaced by highways with a lot of natural and social consequences. On the other hand, Tehran is also a megacity with huge inner-city travels and a burgeoning interest in walking and biking. However, there are not safe and enjoyable spaces to comfortably walk and bike. I see these river valleys a great opportunity to convert to an ecological pathway. Besides discharging stormwater, they have a remarkable potential to more integrate communities, more tie people to nature, make people healthy, and provide a sustainable delightful transportation network.''

== Author's perspective ==
''I have a bachelor's degree in Urbanism, and worked for about three years in two consulting engineers firms. I currently collaborate with a research office, and research into ecocities. On one of the projects at my previous workplace, I, as a team member, worked on adjacent neighborhoods of a highway. This highway passed through tight neighborhoods with strong relationships. After detailed studies, we found out this highway caused extraordinary disintegration within the communities so that even some children had to cross over the highway to reach their schools. After living near one of these highways which once was a river valley, I have more deeply perceived this disintegration as well as huge noise and air pollution. This has always been my challenge that following this fact that we have a lot of north-south river valleys which have a great potential to convert to a green infrastructure and we need more ways, why we don’t restore these valleys and improve green transportation with the help of them. More dedicating spaces to automobiles means more pollution, more congestion, more illnesses, and more disintegrated communities, while providing delightful environments to walking, biking, and convenient public transportation means more healthy citizens, more environmentally friendly infrastructures, and more sustainable environments and communities, which is what river valleys can give us. Sometimes, I really desire to bike or walk to my destination but in this polluted and automobile-oriented city, I hardly even persuade myself to go out! I believe this megacity with burgeoning population and inner-city travels needs a redefinition of their transportation network toward a sustainable future. My intention of studying this case is restoration of river valleys with the approach to green, high quality transportation network.''

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

*''Main River Valleys in the City
Seven main river valleys pass through the city, including Darakeh, Velenjak, Darband, Golab Dareh, Jamshidyeh, Darabad, and Kan. All of these come from Alborz Mountains of Tehran, and after passing through urban areas reach lower plains in the south, where they meet agricultural lands. My case study concentrates on Darband river valley, which passes alongside my neighborhood.''

*''Overall Character and Current Conditions
By carefully looking at the map, Darband river valley and its path is recognized due to its especial natural form. But if we want to follow it in the city, it is not so easy. Some parts of it have been buried under buildings or streets. Other parts of it have been converted to "U" channels and covered by impervious materials such as stone. In terms of flora, except some scattered trees, which are planted alongside the wall of the river valley, there is not major planting adjacent to that. Actually the deep channels surrounding the bed of the river valley has taken the opportunity to plant trees, shrubs, or other kinds of vegetation. Right after the end of the river's walls, there are streets and buildings. This lack of attention to Darband river valley causes people to undermine it and throw their wastes in this river-channel, and this in turn causes major environmental pollution in the site.''

*''Flora
Tehran is rich in terms of the diversity of flora. While some of them are native to Iran, few, if any, of them are endemic to Tehran. Up to now, 13 endemic species of Tehran are known: Eritrichium mertonii (Family Boraginaceae), Buffonia hebecalyx (Family Caryophyllaceae), Stellaria scaturiginella (Family Caryophyllaceae), Centaurea carduiformis subsp. iranica (Family Compositae), Tanacetum polycephalum subsp. junesarens (Family Compositae), Taraxacum darbandense (Family Compositae), Convolvulus gracilininus (Family Ipomoea), Astragalus latianicus (Family Papaveraceae), Astragalus pseudobrunsianus (Family Papaveraceae), Hedysarum elbursense (Family Papaveraceae), Hedysarum hyrcanum var. hyrcanum (Family Papaveraceae), Vicia sojakii (Family Papaveraceae), Galium tehranicum (Family Rubiaceae). All of these species are herbaceous, which aren’t currently used in parks and landscapes. Predominant species of Tehran which are widely planted in parks, streets, and open spaces as well as alongside the river valleys are Platanus orientals, Morus nigra, Ulmus minor ‘umbraculifera’, Fraxinus excelsior, Quercus spp of broadleaved trees; Pinus eldarica and Cupressus arizonica of conifers; Lignustrum vulgare, Viburnum opulus, Nerium oleander, Berberis thunbergii of shrubs; and Common grass and Hedera helix of cover plants.

*''Connectivity to the Wider Green/Gray Structures
Darband river valley in its journey from Alborz Mountains toward plains through the middle of the city links many important services and facilities from urban to local scales. One of the most important structures is North Mountains itself, which during the week and weekends attract thousands of people to hike, mount, and spend leisure time. On the other hand, the river valley passes through main, high traffic roads and highways, which everyday millions of citizens use to go their work. All of these green/Gray structures stress the importance of this historical river valley and affect the river both negatively and positively. Before such an incredible development of the city, when all of the city with its borders was limited to current city center, most parts of these river valleys were far away from the city and its effects. At that time, mostly private gardens and orchards formed their banks.
*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Valleys.jpg|Main River Valleys
Image:Darband.jpg|Situation of Darband River Valley
Image:Buried Parts.jpg|Buried Parts
Image:Abandoned Parts.jpg|Abandoned Parts
Image:Blue Structures.jpg|Gray Structures
Image:Visual and Tactile Disconnection.jpg|Visual and Tactile Disconnection
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Connection.jpg|Connection of Green Infrastructures by Darband River Valley
Image:Gray.jpg|Main Roads Crossing The River
Image:001.jpg|Effects of Covering the Bed of the River on Environment
Image:U-Channel Part of Darband River Valley in Relation to the City.jpg|U-Channel Part of Darband River Valley in Relation to the City
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''GI in my site could satisfy social, ecological, economic, and human health benefits as well as connectivity and integration. Among them, at first stage ecological and human health benefits, at the second stage connectivity, and then social benefits are predominant. While restoration of Darband River Valley provides a great biodiversity, good drainage, managed stormwater, more planted areas, and as a whole a healthy, efficient natural ecosystem, pedestrian and bicycle paths and public transportation provide high quality of connectivity between various parts of the city which is an absolute demand in this megacity and especially this direction. All these help ease tension among citizens, make people attentive to nature, maintain hydrologic cycle, reduce the emission of greenhouse gases, and mitigate climate change which can directly or indirectly result in economic benefits. From an economic point of view, while such a sustainable environment can attract huge investments to benefit from a high quality of life, more people and investors are induced to put money into green infrastructures. And more importantly, people can benefit from an economic, enjoyable, healthy transportation network. From a social point of view, people gradually notice the importance of natural ecosystems and their services since they would have been integrated with their neighborhoods and their daily life. People make themselves responsible to preserve this natural environment which not only can bring an incredible economic benefit, but can create resilient communities by gathering people and motivating them through participation.''

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Following my approaches to the site, I have classified major functions as restoring the ecosystem of Darband River Valley, managing stormwater, promoting accessibility with the help of pedestrian and bicycle routes as well as green public transportation such as trams and trains, connecting major and minor parks and amenities by an ecological corridor, integrating communities, and providing leisure, recreation and pleasant spaces for residents and citizens as a whole. There are absolutely subfunctions under each of these major functions that can comprehensively cover all of my intentions to the site which namely are controlling floods, reducing environmental pollution, improving aesthetics, providing more sport facilities, using native and drought-adapted plants in this arid climate, and educating people.''

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''I mainly plan to only restore the bed of Darband River Valley in 1-2 years because its bed is currently blocked under materials and its soil needs to absorb oxygen and acquire stability. This is an important step, so after removing the materials and returning the bed to its natural form, it is needed to plant trees and shrubs which help stabilize and enrich soil.''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''Within 10-15 years, the buildings within the boundary of Darband River Valley and some areas beyond that should be removed and dedicated to greenway. The proposed cross section is general for throughout the route of Darband River Valley. However, where removing the buildings is not possible, the greenway will be dedicated to pedestrian and bicycle paths, and public transportation will pass through the existing streets.''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Restoration-1-2 year.jpg|Restoration of the Bed of Darband River Valley in the Near Future
Image:Restoration-10-15 year.jpg|Converting the Area Adjacent to the River Valley to a Green Transportation Network in 10-15 Years
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''Nature has great, hidden potentials to help us save biota in these disturbed conditions. Green infrastructures are a strong, nature-based solution that can alleviate these harsh conditions by applying the potentials of nature. Especially, with burgeoning growth of population and expanding the area and number of cities, the demand for green infrastructures is more sensible and reasonable. Ignoring the natural ecosystems and consequences of our actions has caused many disruptions on our planet. Climate change, greenhouse effects, food and fresh water scarcity, species extinction, and environmental pollution are major problems of the modern world which most of those can be cut by environmentally friendly design and planning of cities and settlements. On the other hand, from my point of view, access is a significant challenge of metropolitan areas and cities that, by inappropriate strategies such as automobile-oriented developments, can cause many environmental and social problems. I have tried to address these major challenges, occupied me for a long time, toward a sustainable solution on my case study.''

== Image Gallery ==
''Please add further images/photos here''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
</gallery>

== References ==

*''Municipality of Tehran., The Tehran Parks & Green Spaces Organization. Reviewing the plants of green spaces of Tehran report. (2009).
http://parks.tehran.ir/default.aspx?tabid=92&ArticleId=806''
*''Russell, T., Cutler, C. (2012). TREES: AN ILLUSTRATED IDENTIFIER AND ENCYCLOPEDIA. Hermes House. 123, 135, 139, 152.''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Green Infrastructure 2014 Group L - Case Study 2

2014-12-01T18:13:07Z

Shahmoradis: /* References */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_L|working group L]]

'''''Restoration of Darband River Valley with the Approach to a Green, High Quality Transportation Network'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Darband River Valley''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Iran''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Tehran''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Shahla Shahmoradi''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Darband River Valley.JPG|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=300
|lat=35.696111
|lng=51.423055999999974
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

''River valleys are a valuable feature of Tehran in this arid climate. They act as lungs of a city which bring fresh air from mountains. Unfortunately, there is not much attention to this natural feature in Tehran. Actually, in many parts of the city, their beds have been covered by non-permeable materials, and even worse they have been replaced by highways with a lot of natural and social consequences. On the other hand, Tehran is also a megacity with huge inner-city travels and a burgeoning interest in walking and biking. However, there are not safe and enjoyable spaces to comfortably walk and bike. I see these river valleys a great opportunity to convert to an ecological pathway. Besides discharging stormwater, they have a remarkable potential to more integrate communities, more tie people to nature, make people healthy, and provide a sustainable delightful transportation network.''

== Author's perspective ==
''I have a bachelor's degree in Urbanism, and worked for about three years in two consulting engineers firms. I currently collaborate with a research office, and research into ecocities. On one of the projects at my previous workplace, I, as a team member, worked on adjacent neighborhoods of a highway. This highway passed through tight neighborhoods with strong relationships. After detailed studies, we found out this highway caused extraordinary disintegration within the communities so that even some children had to cross over the highway to reach their schools. After living near one of these highways which once was a river valley, I have more deeply perceived this disintegration as well as huge noise and air pollution. This has always been my challenge that following this fact that we have a lot of north-south river valleys which have a great potential to convert to a green infrastructure and we need more ways, why we don’t restore these valleys and improve green transportation with the help of them. More dedicating spaces to automobiles means more pollution, more congestion, more illnesses, and more disintegrated communities, while providing delightful environments to walking, biking, and convenient public transportation means more healthy citizens, more environmentally friendly infrastructures, and more sustainable environments and communities, which is what river valleys can give us. Sometimes, I really desire to bike or walk to my destination but in this polluted and automobile-oriented city, I hardly even persuade myself to go out! I believe this megacity with burgeoning population and inner-city travels needs a redefinition of their transportation network toward a sustainable future. My intention of studying this case is restoration of river valleys with the approach to green, high quality transportation network.''

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

*''Main River Valleys in the City
Seven main river valleys pass through the city, including Darakeh, Velenjak, Darband, Golab Dareh, Jamshidyeh, Darabad, and Kan. All of these come from Alborz Mountains of Tehran, and after passing through urban areas reach lower plains in the south, where they meet agricultural lands. My case study concentrates on Darband river valley, which passes alongside my neighborhood.''

*''Overall Character and Current Conditions
By carefully looking at the map, Darband river valley and its path is recognized due to its especial natural form. But if we want to follow it in the city, it is not so easy. Some parts of it have been buried under buildings or streets. Other parts of it have been converted to "U" channels and covered by impervious materials such as stone. In terms of flora, except some scattered trees, which are planted alongside the wall of the river valley, there is not major planting adjacent to that. Actually the deep channels surrounding the bed of the river valley has taken the opportunity to plant trees, shrubs, or other kinds of vegetation. Right after the end of the river's walls, there are streets and buildings. This lack of attention to Darband river valley causes people to undermine it and throw their wastes in this river-channel, and this in turn causes major environmental pollution in the site.''

*''Flora
Tehran is rich in terms of the diversity of flora. While some of them are native to Iran, few, if any, of them are endemic to Tehran. Up to now, 13 endemic species of Tehran are known: Eritrichium mertonii (Family Boraginaceae), Buffonia hebecalyx (Family Caryophyllaceae), Stellaria scaturiginella (Family Caryophyllaceae), Centaurea carduiformis subsp. iranica (Family Compositae), Tanacetum polycephalum subsp. junesarens (Family Compositae), Taraxacum darbandense (Family Compositae), Convolvulus gracilininus (Family Ipomoea), Astragalus latianicus (Family Papaveraceae), Astragalus pseudobrunsianus (Family Papaveraceae), Hedysarum elbursense (Family Papaveraceae), Hedysarum hyrcanum var. hyrcanum (Family Papaveraceae), Vicia sojakii (Family Papaveraceae), Galium tehranicum (Family Rubiaceae). All of these species are herbaceous, which aren’t currently used in parks and landscapes. Predominant species of Tehran which are widely planted in parks, streets, and open spaces as well as alongside the river valleys are Platanus orientals, Morus nigra, Ulmus minor ‘umbraculifera’, Fraxinus excelsior, Quercus spp of broadleaved trees; Pinus eldarica and Cupressus arizonica of conifers; Lignustrum vulgare, Viburnum opulus, Nerium oleander, Berberis thunbergii of shrubs; and Common grass and Hedera helix of cover plants.

*''Connectivity to the Wider Green/Gray Structures
Darband river valley in its journey from Alborz Mountains toward plains through the middle of the city links many important services and facilities from urban to local scales. One of the most important structures is North Mountains itself, which during the week and weekends attract thousands of people to hike, mount, and spend leisure time. On the other hand, the river valley passes through main, high traffic roads and highways, which everyday millions of citizens use to go their work. All of these green/Gray structures stress the importance of this historical river valley and affect the river both negatively and positively. Before such an incredible development of the city, when all of the city with its borders was limited to current city center, most parts of these river valleys were far away from the city and its effects. At that time, mostly private gardens and orchards formed their banks.
*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Valleys.jpg|Main River Valleys
Image:Darband.jpg|Situation of Darband River Valley
Image:Buried Parts.jpg|Buried Parts
Image:Abandoned Parts.jpg|Abandoned Parts
Image:Blue Structures.jpg|Gray Structures
Image:Visual and Tactile Disconnection.jpg|Visual and Tactile Disconnection
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Connection.jpg|Connection of Green Infrastructures by Darband River Valley
Image:Gray.jpg|Main Roads Crossing The River
Image:001.jpg|Effects of Covering the Bed of the River on Environment
Image:U-Channel Part of Darband River Valley in Relation to the City.jpg|U-Channel Part of Darband River Valley in Relation to the City
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''GI in my site could satisfy social, ecological, economic, and human health benefits as well as connectivity and integration. Among them, at first stage ecological and human health benefits, at the second stage connectivity, and then social benefits are predominant. While restoration of Darband River Valley provides a great biodiversity, good drainage, managed stormwater, more planted areas, and as a whole a healthy, efficient natural ecosystem, pedestrian and bicycle paths and public transportation provide high quality of connectivity between various parts of the city which is an absolute demand in this megacity and especially this direction. All these help ease tension among citizens, make people attentive to nature, maintain hydrologic cycle, reduce the emission of greenhouse gases, and mitigate climate change which can directly or indirectly result in economic benefits. From an economic point of view, while such a sustainable environment can attract huge investments to benefit from a high quality of life, more people and investors are induced to put money into green infrastructures. And more importantly, people can benefit from an economic, enjoyable, healthy transportation network. From a social point of view, people gradually notice the importance of natural ecosystems and their services since they would have been integrated with their neighborhoods and their daily life. People make themselves responsible to preserve this natural environment which not only can bring an incredible economic benefit, but can create resilient communities by gathering people and motivating them through participation.''

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Following my approaches to the site, I have classified major functions as restoring the ecosystem of Darband River Valley, managing stormwater, promoting accessibility with the help of pedestrian and bicycle routes as well as green public transportation such as trams and trains, connecting major and minor parks and amenities by an ecological corridor, integrating communities, and providing leisure, recreation and pleasant spaces for residents and citizens as a whole. There are absolutely subfunctions under each of these major functions that can comprehensively cover all of my intentions to the site which namely are controlling floods, reducing environmental pollution, improving aesthetics, providing more sport facilities, using native and drought-adapted plants in this arid climate, and educating people.''

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''I mainly plan to only restore the bed of Darband River Valley in 1-2 years because its bed is currently blocked under materials and its soil needs to absorb oxygen and acquire stability. This is an important step, so after removing the materials and returning the bed to its natural form, it is needed to plant trees and shrubs which help stabilize and enrich soil.''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''Within 10-15 years, the buildings within the boundary of Darband River Valley and some areas beyond that should be removed and dedicated to greenway. The proposed cross section is general for throughout the route of Darband River Valley. However, where removing the buildings is not possible, the greenway will be dedicated to pedestrian and bicycle paths, and public transportation will pass through the existing streets.''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Restoration-1-2 year.jpg|Restoration of the Bed of Darband River Valley in the Near Future
Image:Restoration-10-15 year.jpg|Converting the Area Adjacent to the River Valley to a Green Transportation Network in 10-15 Years
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''Nature has great, hidden potentials to help us save biota in these disturbed conditions. Green infrastructures are a strong, nature-based solution that can alleviate these harsh conditions by applying the potentials of nature. Especially, with burgeoning growth of population and expanding the area and number of cities, the demand for green infrastructures is more sensible and reasonable. Ignoring the natural ecosystems and consequences of our actions has caused many disruptions on our planet. Climate change, greenhouse effects, food and fresh water scarcity, species extinction, and environmental pollution are major problems of the modern world which most of those can be cut by environmentally friendly design and planning of cities and settlements. On the other hand, from my point of view, access is a significant challenge of metropolitan areas and cities that, by inappropriate strategies such as automobile-oriented developments, can cause many environmental and social problems. I have tried to address these major challenges, occupied me for a long time, toward a sustainable solution on my case study.''

== Image Gallery ==
''Please add further images/photos here''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
</gallery>

== References ==

*''Municipality of Tehran., The Tehran Parks & Green Spaces Organization. Reviewing the plants of green spaces of Tehran report. (2009).
http://parks.tehran.ir/default.aspx?tabid=92&ArticleId=806''
*''Russell T., Cutler, C. (2012). TREES: AN ILLUSTRATED IDENTIFIER AND ENCYCLOPEDIA. Hermes House. 123, 135, 139, 152.''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Green Infrastructure 2014 Group L - Case Study 2

2014-12-01T18:07:41Z

Shahmoradis: /* Author's perspective */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_L|working group L]]

'''''Restoration of Darband River Valley with the Approach to a Green, High Quality Transportation Network'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Darband River Valley''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Iran''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Tehran''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Shahla Shahmoradi''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Darband River Valley.JPG|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=300
|lat=35.696111
|lng=51.423055999999974
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

''River valleys are a valuable feature of Tehran in this arid climate. They act as lungs of a city which bring fresh air from mountains. Unfortunately, there is not much attention to this natural feature in Tehran. Actually, in many parts of the city, their beds have been covered by non-permeable materials, and even worse they have been replaced by highways with a lot of natural and social consequences. On the other hand, Tehran is also a megacity with huge inner-city travels and a burgeoning interest in walking and biking. However, there are not safe and enjoyable spaces to comfortably walk and bike. I see these river valleys a great opportunity to convert to an ecological pathway. Besides discharging stormwater, they have a remarkable potential to more integrate communities, more tie people to nature, make people healthy, and provide a sustainable delightful transportation network.''

== Author's perspective ==
''I have a bachelor's degree in Urbanism, and worked for about three years in two consulting engineers firms. I currently collaborate with a research office, and research into ecocities. On one of the projects at my previous workplace, I, as a team member, worked on adjacent neighborhoods of a highway. This highway passed through tight neighborhoods with strong relationships. After detailed studies, we found out this highway caused extraordinary disintegration within the communities so that even some children had to cross over the highway to reach their schools. After living near one of these highways which once was a river valley, I have more deeply perceived this disintegration as well as huge noise and air pollution. This has always been my challenge that following this fact that we have a lot of north-south river valleys which have a great potential to convert to a green infrastructure and we need more ways, why we don’t restore these valleys and improve green transportation with the help of them. More dedicating spaces to automobiles means more pollution, more congestion, more illnesses, and more disintegrated communities, while providing delightful environments to walking, biking, and convenient public transportation means more healthy citizens, more environmentally friendly infrastructures, and more sustainable environments and communities, which is what river valleys can give us. Sometimes, I really desire to bike or walk to my destination but in this polluted and automobile-oriented city, I hardly even persuade myself to go out! I believe this megacity with burgeoning population and inner-city travels needs a redefinition of their transportation network toward a sustainable future. My intention of studying this case is restoration of river valleys with the approach to green, high quality transportation network.''

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

*''Main River Valleys in the City
Seven main river valleys pass through the city, including Darakeh, Velenjak, Darband, Golab Dareh, Jamshidyeh, Darabad, and Kan. All of these come from Alborz Mountains of Tehran, and after passing through urban areas reach lower plains in the south, where they meet agricultural lands. My case study concentrates on Darband river valley, which passes alongside my neighborhood.''

*''Overall Character and Current Conditions
By carefully looking at the map, Darband river valley and its path is recognized due to its especial natural form. But if we want to follow it in the city, it is not so easy. Some parts of it have been buried under buildings or streets. Other parts of it have been converted to "U" channels and covered by impervious materials such as stone. In terms of flora, except some scattered trees, which are planted alongside the wall of the river valley, there is not major planting adjacent to that. Actually the deep channels surrounding the bed of the river valley has taken the opportunity to plant trees, shrubs, or other kinds of vegetation. Right after the end of the river's walls, there are streets and buildings. This lack of attention to Darband river valley causes people to undermine it and throw their wastes in this river-channel, and this in turn causes major environmental pollution in the site.''

*''Flora
Tehran is rich in terms of the diversity of flora. While some of them are native to Iran, few, if any, of them are endemic to Tehran. Up to now, 13 endemic species of Tehran are known: Eritrichium mertonii (Family Boraginaceae), Buffonia hebecalyx (Family Caryophyllaceae), Stellaria scaturiginella (Family Caryophyllaceae), Centaurea carduiformis subsp. iranica (Family Compositae), Tanacetum polycephalum subsp. junesarens (Family Compositae), Taraxacum darbandense (Family Compositae), Convolvulus gracilininus (Family Ipomoea), Astragalus latianicus (Family Papaveraceae), Astragalus pseudobrunsianus (Family Papaveraceae), Hedysarum elbursense (Family Papaveraceae), Hedysarum hyrcanum var. hyrcanum (Family Papaveraceae), Vicia sojakii (Family Papaveraceae), Galium tehranicum (Family Rubiaceae). All of these species are herbaceous, which aren’t currently used in parks and landscapes. Predominant species of Tehran which are widely planted in parks, streets, and open spaces as well as alongside the river valleys are Platanus orientals, Morus nigra, Ulmus minor ‘umbraculifera’, Fraxinus excelsior, Quercus spp of broadleaved trees; Pinus eldarica and Cupressus arizonica of conifers; Lignustrum vulgare, Viburnum opulus, Nerium oleander, Berberis thunbergii of shrubs; and Common grass and Hedera helix of cover plants.

*''Connectivity to the Wider Green/Gray Structures
Darband river valley in its journey from Alborz Mountains toward plains through the middle of the city links many important services and facilities from urban to local scales. One of the most important structures is North Mountains itself, which during the week and weekends attract thousands of people to hike, mount, and spend leisure time. On the other hand, the river valley passes through main, high traffic roads and highways, which everyday millions of citizens use to go their work. All of these green/Gray structures stress the importance of this historical river valley and affect the river both negatively and positively. Before such an incredible development of the city, when all of the city with its borders was limited to current city center, most parts of these river valleys were far away from the city and its effects. At that time, mostly private gardens and orchards formed their banks.
*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Valleys.jpg|Main River Valleys
Image:Darband.jpg|Situation of Darband River Valley
Image:Buried Parts.jpg|Buried Parts
Image:Abandoned Parts.jpg|Abandoned Parts
Image:Blue Structures.jpg|Gray Structures
Image:Visual and Tactile Disconnection.jpg|Visual and Tactile Disconnection
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Connection.jpg|Connection of Green Infrastructures by Darband River Valley
Image:Gray.jpg|Main Roads Crossing The River
Image:001.jpg|Effects of Covering the Bed of the River on Environment
Image:U-Channel Part of Darband River Valley in Relation to the City.jpg|U-Channel Part of Darband River Valley in Relation to the City
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''GI in my site could satisfy social, ecological, economic, and human health benefits as well as connectivity and integration. Among them, at first stage ecological and human health benefits, at the second stage connectivity, and then social benefits are predominant. While restoration of Darband River Valley provides a great biodiversity, good drainage, managed stormwater, more planted areas, and as a whole a healthy, efficient natural ecosystem, pedestrian and bicycle paths and public transportation provide high quality of connectivity between various parts of the city which is an absolute demand in this megacity and especially this direction. All these help ease tension among citizens, make people attentive to nature, maintain hydrologic cycle, reduce the emission of greenhouse gases, and mitigate climate change which can directly or indirectly result in economic benefits. From an economic point of view, while such a sustainable environment can attract huge investments to benefit from a high quality of life, more people and investors are induced to put money into green infrastructures. And more importantly, people can benefit from an economic, enjoyable, healthy transportation network. From a social point of view, people gradually notice the importance of natural ecosystems and their services since they would have been integrated with their neighborhoods and their daily life. People make themselves responsible to preserve this natural environment which not only can bring an incredible economic benefit, but can create resilient communities by gathering people and motivating them through participation.''

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Following my approaches to the site, I have classified major functions as restoring the ecosystem of Darband River Valley, managing stormwater, promoting accessibility with the help of pedestrian and bicycle routes as well as green public transportation such as trams and trains, connecting major and minor parks and amenities by an ecological corridor, integrating communities, and providing leisure, recreation and pleasant spaces for residents and citizens as a whole. There are absolutely subfunctions under each of these major functions that can comprehensively cover all of my intentions to the site which namely are controlling floods, reducing environmental pollution, improving aesthetics, providing more sport facilities, using native and drought-adapted plants in this arid climate, and educating people.''

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''I mainly plan to only restore the bed of Darband River Valley in 1-2 years because its bed is currently blocked under materials and its soil needs to absorb oxygen and acquire stability. This is an important step, so after removing the materials and returning the bed to its natural form, it is needed to plant trees and shrubs which help stabilize and enrich soil.''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''Within 10-15 years, the buildings within the boundary of Darband River Valley and some areas beyond that should be removed and dedicated to greenway. The proposed cross section is general for throughout the route of Darband River Valley. However, where removing the buildings is not possible, the greenway will be dedicated to pedestrian and bicycle paths, and public transportation will pass through the existing streets.''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Restoration-1-2 year.jpg|Restoration of the Bed of Darband River Valley in the Near Future
Image:Restoration-10-15 year.jpg|Converting the Area Adjacent to the River Valley to a Green Transportation Network in 10-15 Years
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''Nature has great, hidden potentials to help us save biota in these disturbed conditions. Green infrastructures are a strong, nature-based solution that can alleviate these harsh conditions by applying the potentials of nature. Especially, with burgeoning growth of population and expanding the area and number of cities, the demand for green infrastructures is more sensible and reasonable. Ignoring the natural ecosystems and consequences of our actions has caused many disruptions on our planet. Climate change, greenhouse effects, food and fresh water scarcity, species extinction, and environmental pollution are major problems of the modern world which most of those can be cut by environmentally friendly design and planning of cities and settlements. On the other hand, from my point of view, access is a significant challenge of metropolitan areas and cities that, by inappropriate strategies such as automobile-oriented developments, can cause many environmental and social problems. I have tried to address these major challenges, occupied me for a long time, toward a sustainable solution on my case study.''

== Image Gallery ==
''Please add further images/photos here''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
</gallery>

== References ==

*''please add your references here''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Green Infrastructure 2014 Group L - Case Study 2

2014-12-01T18:06:01Z

Shahmoradis: /* Rationale: Why is this case interesting? */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_L|working group L]]

'''''Restoration of Darband River Valley with the Approach to a Green, High Quality Transportation Network'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Darband River Valley''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Iran''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Tehran''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Shahla Shahmoradi''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Darband River Valley.JPG|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=300
|lat=35.696111
|lng=51.423055999999974
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

''River valleys are a valuable feature of Tehran in this arid climate. They act as lungs of a city which bring fresh air from mountains. Unfortunately, there is not much attention to this natural feature in Tehran. Actually, in many parts of the city, their beds have been covered by non-permeable materials, and even worse they have been replaced by highways with a lot of natural and social consequences. On the other hand, Tehran is also a megacity with huge inner-city travels and a burgeoning interest in walking and biking. However, there are not safe and enjoyable spaces to comfortably walk and bike. I see these river valleys a great opportunity to convert to an ecological pathway. Besides discharging stormwater, they have a remarkable potential to more integrate communities, more tie people to nature, make people healthy, and provide a sustainable delightful transportation network.''

== Author's perspective ==
''I have a bachelor's degree in Urbanism, and worked for about three years in two consulting engineers firms. I currently collaborate with a research office, and research into ecocities. On one of the projects at my previous workplace, I, as a team member, worked on adjacent neighborhoods of a highway. This highway passed through tight neighborhoods with strong relationships. After detailed studies, we found out this highway caused extraordinary disintegration within the communities so that even some children had to cross over the highway to reach their schools. After living near one of these highways which once was a river valley, I have more deeply perceived this disintegration as well as huge noise and air pollution. This has always been my challenge that following this fact that we have a lot of north-south river valleys which have a great potential to convert to a green infrastructure and we need more ways, why we don’t restore these valleys and improve green transportation with the help of them. More dedicating spaces to automobiles means more pollution, more congestion, more illnesses, and more disintegrated communities, while providing delightful environments to walking, biking, and convenient public transportation means more healthy citizens, more environmentally friendly infrastructures, and more sustainable environments and communities, which is what river valleys can give us. Sometimes, I really desire to bike or walk to my destination but in this polluted and automobile-oriented city, I hardly even persuade myself to go out! I believe this metropolitan with burgeoning population and inner-city travels needs a redefinition of their transportation network toward a sustainable future. My intention of studying this case is restoration of river valleys with the approach to green, high quality transportation network.''

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

*''Main River Valleys in the City
Seven main river valleys pass through the city, including Darakeh, Velenjak, Darband, Golab Dareh, Jamshidyeh, Darabad, and Kan. All of these come from Alborz Mountains of Tehran, and after passing through urban areas reach lower plains in the south, where they meet agricultural lands. My case study concentrates on Darband river valley, which passes alongside my neighborhood.''

*''Overall Character and Current Conditions
By carefully looking at the map, Darband river valley and its path is recognized due to its especial natural form. But if we want to follow it in the city, it is not so easy. Some parts of it have been buried under buildings or streets. Other parts of it have been converted to "U" channels and covered by impervious materials such as stone. In terms of flora, except some scattered trees, which are planted alongside the wall of the river valley, there is not major planting adjacent to that. Actually the deep channels surrounding the bed of the river valley has taken the opportunity to plant trees, shrubs, or other kinds of vegetation. Right after the end of the river's walls, there are streets and buildings. This lack of attention to Darband river valley causes people to undermine it and throw their wastes in this river-channel, and this in turn causes major environmental pollution in the site.''

*''Flora
Tehran is rich in terms of the diversity of flora. While some of them are native to Iran, few, if any, of them are endemic to Tehran. Up to now, 13 endemic species of Tehran are known: Eritrichium mertonii (Family Boraginaceae), Buffonia hebecalyx (Family Caryophyllaceae), Stellaria scaturiginella (Family Caryophyllaceae), Centaurea carduiformis subsp. iranica (Family Compositae), Tanacetum polycephalum subsp. junesarens (Family Compositae), Taraxacum darbandense (Family Compositae), Convolvulus gracilininus (Family Ipomoea), Astragalus latianicus (Family Papaveraceae), Astragalus pseudobrunsianus (Family Papaveraceae), Hedysarum elbursense (Family Papaveraceae), Hedysarum hyrcanum var. hyrcanum (Family Papaveraceae), Vicia sojakii (Family Papaveraceae), Galium tehranicum (Family Rubiaceae). All of these species are herbaceous, which aren’t currently used in parks and landscapes. Predominant species of Tehran which are widely planted in parks, streets, and open spaces as well as alongside the river valleys are Platanus orientals, Morus nigra, Ulmus minor ‘umbraculifera’, Fraxinus excelsior, Quercus spp of broadleaved trees; Pinus eldarica and Cupressus arizonica of conifers; Lignustrum vulgare, Viburnum opulus, Nerium oleander, Berberis thunbergii of shrubs; and Common grass and Hedera helix of cover plants.

*''Connectivity to the Wider Green/Gray Structures
Darband river valley in its journey from Alborz Mountains toward plains through the middle of the city links many important services and facilities from urban to local scales. One of the most important structures is North Mountains itself, which during the week and weekends attract thousands of people to hike, mount, and spend leisure time. On the other hand, the river valley passes through main, high traffic roads and highways, which everyday millions of citizens use to go their work. All of these green/Gray structures stress the importance of this historical river valley and affect the river both negatively and positively. Before such an incredible development of the city, when all of the city with its borders was limited to current city center, most parts of these river valleys were far away from the city and its effects. At that time, mostly private gardens and orchards formed their banks.
*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Valleys.jpg|Main River Valleys
Image:Darband.jpg|Situation of Darband River Valley
Image:Buried Parts.jpg|Buried Parts
Image:Abandoned Parts.jpg|Abandoned Parts
Image:Blue Structures.jpg|Gray Structures
Image:Visual and Tactile Disconnection.jpg|Visual and Tactile Disconnection
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Connection.jpg|Connection of Green Infrastructures by Darband River Valley
Image:Gray.jpg|Main Roads Crossing The River
Image:001.jpg|Effects of Covering the Bed of the River on Environment
Image:U-Channel Part of Darband River Valley in Relation to the City.jpg|U-Channel Part of Darband River Valley in Relation to the City
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''GI in my site could satisfy social, ecological, economic, and human health benefits as well as connectivity and integration. Among them, at first stage ecological and human health benefits, at the second stage connectivity, and then social benefits are predominant. While restoration of Darband River Valley provides a great biodiversity, good drainage, managed stormwater, more planted areas, and as a whole a healthy, efficient natural ecosystem, pedestrian and bicycle paths and public transportation provide high quality of connectivity between various parts of the city which is an absolute demand in this megacity and especially this direction. All these help ease tension among citizens, make people attentive to nature, maintain hydrologic cycle, reduce the emission of greenhouse gases, and mitigate climate change which can directly or indirectly result in economic benefits. From an economic point of view, while such a sustainable environment can attract huge investments to benefit from a high quality of life, more people and investors are induced to put money into green infrastructures. And more importantly, people can benefit from an economic, enjoyable, healthy transportation network. From a social point of view, people gradually notice the importance of natural ecosystems and their services since they would have been integrated with their neighborhoods and their daily life. People make themselves responsible to preserve this natural environment which not only can bring an incredible economic benefit, but can create resilient communities by gathering people and motivating them through participation.''

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Following my approaches to the site, I have classified major functions as restoring the ecosystem of Darband River Valley, managing stormwater, promoting accessibility with the help of pedestrian and bicycle routes as well as green public transportation such as trams and trains, connecting major and minor parks and amenities by an ecological corridor, integrating communities, and providing leisure, recreation and pleasant spaces for residents and citizens as a whole. There are absolutely subfunctions under each of these major functions that can comprehensively cover all of my intentions to the site which namely are controlling floods, reducing environmental pollution, improving aesthetics, providing more sport facilities, using native and drought-adapted plants in this arid climate, and educating people.''

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''I mainly plan to only restore the bed of Darband River Valley in 1-2 years because its bed is currently blocked under materials and its soil needs to absorb oxygen and acquire stability. This is an important step, so after removing the materials and returning the bed to its natural form, it is needed to plant trees and shrubs which help stabilize and enrich soil.''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''Within 10-15 years, the buildings within the boundary of Darband River Valley and some areas beyond that should be removed and dedicated to greenway. The proposed cross section is general for throughout the route of Darband River Valley. However, where removing the buildings is not possible, the greenway will be dedicated to pedestrian and bicycle paths, and public transportation will pass through the existing streets.''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Restoration-1-2 year.jpg|Restoration of the Bed of Darband River Valley in the Near Future
Image:Restoration-10-15 year.jpg|Converting the Area Adjacent to the River Valley to a Green Transportation Network in 10-15 Years
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''Nature has great, hidden potentials to help us save biota in these disturbed conditions. Green infrastructures are a strong, nature-based solution that can alleviate these harsh conditions by applying the potentials of nature. Especially, with burgeoning growth of population and expanding the area and number of cities, the demand for green infrastructures is more sensible and reasonable. Ignoring the natural ecosystems and consequences of our actions has caused many disruptions on our planet. Climate change, greenhouse effects, food and fresh water scarcity, species extinction, and environmental pollution are major problems of the modern world which most of those can be cut by environmentally friendly design and planning of cities and settlements. On the other hand, from my point of view, access is a significant challenge of metropolitan areas and cities that, by inappropriate strategies such as automobile-oriented developments, can cause many environmental and social problems. I have tried to address these major challenges, occupied me for a long time, toward a sustainable solution on my case study.''

== Image Gallery ==
''Please add further images/photos here''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
</gallery>

== References ==

*''please add your references here''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Green Infrastructure 2014 Group L - Case Study 2

2014-12-01T18:05:06Z

Shahmoradis: /* Green Infrastructure benefits for this site */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_L|working group L]]

'''''Restoration of Darband River Valley with the Approach to a Green, High Quality Transportation Network'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Darband River Valley''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Iran''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Tehran''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Shahla Shahmoradi''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Darband River Valley.JPG|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=300
|lat=35.696111
|lng=51.423055999999974
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

''River valleys are a valuable feature of Tehran in this arid climate. They act as lungs of a city which bring fresh air from mountains. Unfortunately, there is not much attention to this natural feature in Tehran. Actually, in many parts of the city, their beds have been covered by non-permeable materials, and even worse they have been replaced by highways with a lot of natural and social consequences. On the other hand, Tehran is also a metropolis with huge inner-city travels and a burgeoning interest in walking and biking. However, there are not safe and enjoyable spaces to comfortably walk and bike. I see these river valleys a great opportunity to convert to an ecological pathway. Besides discharging stormwater, they have a remarkable potential to more integrate communities, more tie people to nature, make people healthy, and provide a sustainable delightful transportation network.''

== Author's perspective ==
''I have a bachelor's degree in Urbanism, and worked for about three years in two consulting engineers firms. I currently collaborate with a research office, and research into ecocities. On one of the projects at my previous workplace, I, as a team member, worked on adjacent neighborhoods of a highway. This highway passed through tight neighborhoods with strong relationships. After detailed studies, we found out this highway caused extraordinary disintegration within the communities so that even some children had to cross over the highway to reach their schools. After living near one of these highways which once was a river valley, I have more deeply perceived this disintegration as well as huge noise and air pollution. This has always been my challenge that following this fact that we have a lot of north-south river valleys which have a great potential to convert to a green infrastructure and we need more ways, why we don’t restore these valleys and improve green transportation with the help of them. More dedicating spaces to automobiles means more pollution, more congestion, more illnesses, and more disintegrated communities, while providing delightful environments to walking, biking, and convenient public transportation means more healthy citizens, more environmentally friendly infrastructures, and more sustainable environments and communities, which is what river valleys can give us. Sometimes, I really desire to bike or walk to my destination but in this polluted and automobile-oriented city, I hardly even persuade myself to go out! I believe this metropolitan with burgeoning population and inner-city travels needs a redefinition of their transportation network toward a sustainable future. My intention of studying this case is restoration of river valleys with the approach to green, high quality transportation network.''

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

*''Main River Valleys in the City
Seven main river valleys pass through the city, including Darakeh, Velenjak, Darband, Golab Dareh, Jamshidyeh, Darabad, and Kan. All of these come from Alborz Mountains of Tehran, and after passing through urban areas reach lower plains in the south, where they meet agricultural lands. My case study concentrates on Darband river valley, which passes alongside my neighborhood.''

*''Overall Character and Current Conditions
By carefully looking at the map, Darband river valley and its path is recognized due to its especial natural form. But if we want to follow it in the city, it is not so easy. Some parts of it have been buried under buildings or streets. Other parts of it have been converted to "U" channels and covered by impervious materials such as stone. In terms of flora, except some scattered trees, which are planted alongside the wall of the river valley, there is not major planting adjacent to that. Actually the deep channels surrounding the bed of the river valley has taken the opportunity to plant trees, shrubs, or other kinds of vegetation. Right after the end of the river's walls, there are streets and buildings. This lack of attention to Darband river valley causes people to undermine it and throw their wastes in this river-channel, and this in turn causes major environmental pollution in the site.''

*''Flora
Tehran is rich in terms of the diversity of flora. While some of them are native to Iran, few, if any, of them are endemic to Tehran. Up to now, 13 endemic species of Tehran are known: Eritrichium mertonii (Family Boraginaceae), Buffonia hebecalyx (Family Caryophyllaceae), Stellaria scaturiginella (Family Caryophyllaceae), Centaurea carduiformis subsp. iranica (Family Compositae), Tanacetum polycephalum subsp. junesarens (Family Compositae), Taraxacum darbandense (Family Compositae), Convolvulus gracilininus (Family Ipomoea), Astragalus latianicus (Family Papaveraceae), Astragalus pseudobrunsianus (Family Papaveraceae), Hedysarum elbursense (Family Papaveraceae), Hedysarum hyrcanum var. hyrcanum (Family Papaveraceae), Vicia sojakii (Family Papaveraceae), Galium tehranicum (Family Rubiaceae). All of these species are herbaceous, which aren’t currently used in parks and landscapes. Predominant species of Tehran which are widely planted in parks, streets, and open spaces as well as alongside the river valleys are Platanus orientals, Morus nigra, Ulmus minor ‘umbraculifera’, Fraxinus excelsior, Quercus spp of broadleaved trees; Pinus eldarica and Cupressus arizonica of conifers; Lignustrum vulgare, Viburnum opulus, Nerium oleander, Berberis thunbergii of shrubs; and Common grass and Hedera helix of cover plants.

*''Connectivity to the Wider Green/Gray Structures
Darband river valley in its journey from Alborz Mountains toward plains through the middle of the city links many important services and facilities from urban to local scales. One of the most important structures is North Mountains itself, which during the week and weekends attract thousands of people to hike, mount, and spend leisure time. On the other hand, the river valley passes through main, high traffic roads and highways, which everyday millions of citizens use to go their work. All of these green/Gray structures stress the importance of this historical river valley and affect the river both negatively and positively. Before such an incredible development of the city, when all of the city with its borders was limited to current city center, most parts of these river valleys were far away from the city and its effects. At that time, mostly private gardens and orchards formed their banks.
*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Valleys.jpg|Main River Valleys
Image:Darband.jpg|Situation of Darband River Valley
Image:Buried Parts.jpg|Buried Parts
Image:Abandoned Parts.jpg|Abandoned Parts
Image:Blue Structures.jpg|Gray Structures
Image:Visual and Tactile Disconnection.jpg|Visual and Tactile Disconnection
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Connection.jpg|Connection of Green Infrastructures by Darband River Valley
Image:Gray.jpg|Main Roads Crossing The River
Image:001.jpg|Effects of Covering the Bed of the River on Environment
Image:U-Channel Part of Darband River Valley in Relation to the City.jpg|U-Channel Part of Darband River Valley in Relation to the City
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''GI in my site could satisfy social, ecological, economic, and human health benefits as well as connectivity and integration. Among them, at first stage ecological and human health benefits, at the second stage connectivity, and then social benefits are predominant. While restoration of Darband River Valley provides a great biodiversity, good drainage, managed stormwater, more planted areas, and as a whole a healthy, efficient natural ecosystem, pedestrian and bicycle paths and public transportation provide high quality of connectivity between various parts of the city which is an absolute demand in this megacity and especially this direction. All these help ease tension among citizens, make people attentive to nature, maintain hydrologic cycle, reduce the emission of greenhouse gases, and mitigate climate change which can directly or indirectly result in economic benefits. From an economic point of view, while such a sustainable environment can attract huge investments to benefit from a high quality of life, more people and investors are induced to put money into green infrastructures. And more importantly, people can benefit from an economic, enjoyable, healthy transportation network. From a social point of view, people gradually notice the importance of natural ecosystems and their services since they would have been integrated with their neighborhoods and their daily life. People make themselves responsible to preserve this natural environment which not only can bring an incredible economic benefit, but can create resilient communities by gathering people and motivating them through participation.''

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Following my approaches to the site, I have classified major functions as restoring the ecosystem of Darband River Valley, managing stormwater, promoting accessibility with the help of pedestrian and bicycle routes as well as green public transportation such as trams and trains, connecting major and minor parks and amenities by an ecological corridor, integrating communities, and providing leisure, recreation and pleasant spaces for residents and citizens as a whole. There are absolutely subfunctions under each of these major functions that can comprehensively cover all of my intentions to the site which namely are controlling floods, reducing environmental pollution, improving aesthetics, providing more sport facilities, using native and drought-adapted plants in this arid climate, and educating people.''

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''I mainly plan to only restore the bed of Darband River Valley in 1-2 years because its bed is currently blocked under materials and its soil needs to absorb oxygen and acquire stability. This is an important step, so after removing the materials and returning the bed to its natural form, it is needed to plant trees and shrubs which help stabilize and enrich soil.''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''Within 10-15 years, the buildings within the boundary of Darband River Valley and some areas beyond that should be removed and dedicated to greenway. The proposed cross section is general for throughout the route of Darband River Valley. However, where removing the buildings is not possible, the greenway will be dedicated to pedestrian and bicycle paths, and public transportation will pass through the existing streets.''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Restoration-1-2 year.jpg|Restoration of the Bed of Darband River Valley in the Near Future
Image:Restoration-10-15 year.jpg|Converting the Area Adjacent to the River Valley to a Green Transportation Network in 10-15 Years
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''Nature has great, hidden potentials to help us save biota in these disturbed conditions. Green infrastructures are a strong, nature-based solution that can alleviate these harsh conditions by applying the potentials of nature. Especially, with burgeoning growth of population and expanding the area and number of cities, the demand for green infrastructures is more sensible and reasonable. Ignoring the natural ecosystems and consequences of our actions has caused many disruptions on our planet. Climate change, greenhouse effects, food and fresh water scarcity, species extinction, and environmental pollution are major problems of the modern world which most of those can be cut by environmentally friendly design and planning of cities and settlements. On the other hand, from my point of view, access is a significant challenge of metropolitan areas and cities that, by inappropriate strategies such as automobile-oriented developments, can cause many environmental and social problems. I have tried to address these major challenges, occupied me for a long time, toward a sustainable solution on my case study.''

== Image Gallery ==
''Please add further images/photos here''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
</gallery>

== References ==

*''please add your references here''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Green Infrastructure 2014 Group L - Case Study 2

2014-12-01T16:25:57Z

Shahmoradis: /* Rationale: Why is this case interesting? */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_L|working group L]]

'''''Restoration of Darband River Valley with the Approach to a Green, High Quality Transportation Network'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Darband River Valley''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Iran''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Tehran''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Shahla Shahmoradi''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Darband River Valley.JPG|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=300
|lat=35.696111
|lng=51.423055999999974
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

''River valleys are a valuable feature of Tehran in this arid climate. They act as lungs of a city which bring fresh air from mountains. Unfortunately, there is not much attention to this natural feature in Tehran. Actually, in many parts of the city, their beds have been covered by non-permeable materials, and even worse they have been replaced by highways with a lot of natural and social consequences. On the other hand, Tehran is also a metropolis with huge inner-city travels and a burgeoning interest in walking and biking. However, there are not safe and enjoyable spaces to comfortably walk and bike. I see these river valleys a great opportunity to convert to an ecological pathway. Besides discharging stormwater, they have a remarkable potential to more integrate communities, more tie people to nature, make people healthy, and provide a sustainable delightful transportation network.''

== Author's perspective ==
''I have a bachelor's degree in Urbanism, and worked for about three years in two consulting engineers firms. I currently collaborate with a research office, and research into ecocities. On one of the projects at my previous workplace, I, as a team member, worked on adjacent neighborhoods of a highway. This highway passed through tight neighborhoods with strong relationships. After detailed studies, we found out this highway caused extraordinary disintegration within the communities so that even some children had to cross over the highway to reach their schools. After living near one of these highways which once was a river valley, I have more deeply perceived this disintegration as well as huge noise and air pollution. This has always been my challenge that following this fact that we have a lot of north-south river valleys which have a great potential to convert to a green infrastructure and we need more ways, why we don’t restore these valleys and improve green transportation with the help of them. More dedicating spaces to automobiles means more pollution, more congestion, more illnesses, and more disintegrated communities, while providing delightful environments to walking, biking, and convenient public transportation means more healthy citizens, more environmentally friendly infrastructures, and more sustainable environments and communities, which is what river valleys can give us. Sometimes, I really desire to bike or walk to my destination but in this polluted and automobile-oriented city, I hardly even persuade myself to go out! I believe this metropolitan with burgeoning population and inner-city travels needs a redefinition of their transportation network toward a sustainable future. My intention of studying this case is restoration of river valleys with the approach to green, high quality transportation network.''

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

*''Main River Valleys in the City
Seven main river valleys pass through the city, including Darakeh, Velenjak, Darband, Golab Dareh, Jamshidyeh, Darabad, and Kan. All of these come from Alborz Mountains of Tehran, and after passing through urban areas reach lower plains in the south, where they meet agricultural lands. My case study concentrates on Darband river valley, which passes alongside my neighborhood.''

*''Overall Character and Current Conditions
By carefully looking at the map, Darband river valley and its path is recognized due to its especial natural form. But if we want to follow it in the city, it is not so easy. Some parts of it have been buried under buildings or streets. Other parts of it have been converted to "U" channels and covered by impervious materials such as stone. In terms of flora, except some scattered trees, which are planted alongside the wall of the river valley, there is not major planting adjacent to that. Actually the deep channels surrounding the bed of the river valley has taken the opportunity to plant trees, shrubs, or other kinds of vegetation. Right after the end of the river's walls, there are streets and buildings. This lack of attention to Darband river valley causes people to undermine it and throw their wastes in this river-channel, and this in turn causes major environmental pollution in the site.''

*''Flora
Tehran is rich in terms of the diversity of flora. While some of them are native to Iran, few, if any, of them are endemic to Tehran. Up to now, 13 endemic species of Tehran are known: Eritrichium mertonii (Family Boraginaceae), Buffonia hebecalyx (Family Caryophyllaceae), Stellaria scaturiginella (Family Caryophyllaceae), Centaurea carduiformis subsp. iranica (Family Compositae), Tanacetum polycephalum subsp. junesarens (Family Compositae), Taraxacum darbandense (Family Compositae), Convolvulus gracilininus (Family Ipomoea), Astragalus latianicus (Family Papaveraceae), Astragalus pseudobrunsianus (Family Papaveraceae), Hedysarum elbursense (Family Papaveraceae), Hedysarum hyrcanum var. hyrcanum (Family Papaveraceae), Vicia sojakii (Family Papaveraceae), Galium tehranicum (Family Rubiaceae). All of these species are herbaceous, which aren’t currently used in parks and landscapes. Predominant species of Tehran which are widely planted in parks, streets, and open spaces as well as alongside the river valleys are Platanus orientals, Morus nigra, Ulmus minor ‘umbraculifera’, Fraxinus excelsior, Quercus spp of broadleaved trees; Pinus eldarica and Cupressus arizonica of conifers; Lignustrum vulgare, Viburnum opulus, Nerium oleander, Berberis thunbergii of shrubs; and Common grass and Hedera helix of cover plants.

*''Connectivity to the Wider Green/Gray Structures
Darband river valley in its journey from Alborz Mountains toward plains through the middle of the city links many important services and facilities from urban to local scales. One of the most important structures is North Mountains itself, which during the week and weekends attract thousands of people to hike, mount, and spend leisure time. On the other hand, the river valley passes through main, high traffic roads and highways, which everyday millions of citizens use to go their work. All of these green/Gray structures stress the importance of this historical river valley and affect the river both negatively and positively. Before such an incredible development of the city, when all of the city with its borders was limited to current city center, most parts of these river valleys were far away from the city and its effects. At that time, mostly private gardens and orchards formed their banks.
*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Valleys.jpg|Main River Valleys
Image:Darband.jpg|Situation of Darband River Valley
Image:Buried Parts.jpg|Buried Parts
Image:Abandoned Parts.jpg|Abandoned Parts
Image:Blue Structures.jpg|Gray Structures
Image:Visual and Tactile Disconnection.jpg|Visual and Tactile Disconnection
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Connection.jpg|Connection of Green Infrastructures by Darband River Valley
Image:Gray.jpg|Main Roads Crossing The River
Image:001.jpg|Effects of Covering the Bed of the River on Environment
Image:U-Channel Part of Darband River Valley in Relation to the City.jpg|U-Channel Part of Darband River Valley in Relation to the City
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''GI in my site could satisfy social, ecological, economic, and human health benefits as well as connectivity and integration. Among them, at first stage ecological and human health benefits, at the second stage connectivity, and then social benefits are predominant. While restoration of Darband River Valley provides a great biodiversity, good drainage, managed stormwater, more planted areas, and as a whole a healthy, efficient natural ecosystem, pedestrian and bicycle paths and public transportation provide high quality of connectivity between various parts of the city which is an absolute demand in this metropolitan and especially this direction. All these help ease tension among citizens, make people attentive to nature, maintain hydrologic cycle, reduce the emission of greenhouse gases, and mitigate climate change which can directly or indirectly result in economic benefits. From an economic point of view, while such a sustainable environment can attract huge investments to benefit from a high quality of life, more people and investors are induced to put money into green infrastructures. And more importantly, people can benefit from an economic, enjoyable, healthy transportation network. From a social point of view, people gradually notice the importance of natural ecosystems and their services since they would have been integrated with their neighborhoods and their daily life. People make themselves responsible to preserve this natural environment which not only can bring an incredible economic benefit, but can create resilient communities by gathering people and motivating them through participation.''

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Following my approaches to the site, I have classified major functions as restoring the ecosystem of Darband River Valley, managing stormwater, promoting accessibility with the help of pedestrian and bicycle routes as well as green public transportation such as trams and trains, connecting major and minor parks and amenities by an ecological corridor, integrating communities, and providing leisure, recreation and pleasant spaces for residents and citizens as a whole. There are absolutely subfunctions under each of these major functions that can comprehensively cover all of my intentions to the site which namely are controlling floods, reducing environmental pollution, improving aesthetics, providing more sport facilities, using native and drought-adapted plants in this arid climate, and educating people.''

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''I mainly plan to only restore the bed of Darband River Valley in 1-2 years because its bed is currently blocked under materials and its soil needs to absorb oxygen and acquire stability. This is an important step, so after removing the materials and returning the bed to its natural form, it is needed to plant trees and shrubs which help stabilize and enrich soil.''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''Within 10-15 years, the buildings within the boundary of Darband River Valley and some areas beyond that should be removed and dedicated to greenway. The proposed cross section is general for throughout the route of Darband River Valley. However, where removing the buildings is not possible, the greenway will be dedicated to pedestrian and bicycle paths, and public transportation will pass through the existing streets.''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Restoration-1-2 year.jpg|Restoration of the Bed of Darband River Valley in the Near Future
Image:Restoration-10-15 year.jpg|Converting the Area Adjacent to the River Valley to a Green Transportation Network in 10-15 Years
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''Nature has great, hidden potentials to help us save biota in these disturbed conditions. Green infrastructures are a strong, nature-based solution that can alleviate these harsh conditions by applying the potentials of nature. Especially, with burgeoning growth of population and expanding the area and number of cities, the demand for green infrastructures is more sensible and reasonable. Ignoring the natural ecosystems and consequences of our actions has caused many disruptions on our planet. Climate change, greenhouse effects, food and fresh water scarcity, species extinction, and environmental pollution are major problems of the modern world which most of those can be cut by environmentally friendly design and planning of cities and settlements. On the other hand, from my point of view, access is a significant challenge of metropolitan areas and cities that, by inappropriate strategies such as automobile-oriented developments, can cause many environmental and social problems. I have tried to address these major challenges, occupied me for a long time, toward a sustainable solution on my case study.''

== Image Gallery ==
''Please add further images/photos here''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
</gallery>

== References ==

*''please add your references here''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories