Wikienfk5 - User contributions [en]

India - Uruguay I

2011-01-11T16:38:27Z

Recobaa:

'''[http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Assignment_4:_Landscape_Concepts_in_comparison#Landscape_Concepts_by_country Back to Assignment 4: Landscape Concepts by country]'''

*'''team members:''' ''Suranjana Datta, Alejandro Recoba''

*'''home countries / cultural background:''' ''India, Uruguay''

*'''article:''' ''*Terkenli, Theano S. 2001. [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/94/Literature/Terkenli.pdf Towards a theory of the landscape: the Aegean landscape as a cultural image.] In: Landscape and Urban Planning 57 (2001), 197-208. Elsevier Ltd.''

*'''country / cultural background:''' ''Greece''

== Concept Map ==

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:your_concept_map.jpg
</gallery>

*'''link:''' ''please add the Cmap tools link here''

India - Uruguay I

2011-01-11T16:29:57Z

Recobaa:

'''[http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Assignment_4:_Landscape_Concepts_in_comparison#Landscape_Concepts_by_country Back to Assignment 4: Landscape Concepts by country]'''

*'''team members:''' ''Suranjana Datta, Alejandro Recoba''

*'''home countries / cultural background:''' ''India, Uruguay''

*'''article:''' ''Terkenli, Theano S. 2001. Towards a theory of the landscape: the Aegean landscape as a cultural image.''

*'''country / cultural background:''' ''Greece''

== Concept Map ==

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:your_concept_map.jpg
</gallery>

*'''link:''' ''please add the Cmap tools link here''

India - Uruguay I

2011-01-11T16:28:13Z

Recobaa:

'''[http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Assignment_4:_Landscape_Concepts_in_comparison#Landscape_Concepts_by_country Back to Assignment 4: Landscape Concepts by country]'''

*'''team members:''' ''Suranjana Datta, Alejandro Recoba''

*'''home countries / cultural background:''' ''India, Uruguay''

*'''article:''' ''please edit the complete source of the article here, copied from the resources''

*'''country / cultural background:''' ''Greece''

== Concept Map ==

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:your_concept_map.jpg
</gallery>

*'''link:''' ''please add the Cmap tools link here''

File:Assignment-3 step-4 Nürtingen-Mvd solo tabla-1.jpg

2010-11-29T02:07:22Z

Recobaa: uploaded a new version of "Image:Assignment-3 step-4 Nürtingen-Mvd solo tabla-1.jpg": Reverted to version as of 02:05, 29 November 2010

File:Assignment-3 step-4 Nürtingen-Mvd solo tabla-1.jpg

2010-11-29T02:06:42Z

Recobaa: uploaded a new version of "Image:Assignment-3 step-4 Nürtingen-Mvd solo tabla-1.jpg"

File:Assignment-3 step-4 Nürtingen-Mvd solo tabla-1.jpg

2010-11-29T02:05:01Z

Recobaa:

Future Landscapes Group 6

2010-11-29T01:43:48Z

Recobaa: /* Comparative Analysis */

--> Back to [[Assignment_3:_Future_landscapes|overview of assignment 3]]

== Case Studies ==
=== [[Case Study Montevideo 3]] ===
=== [[Case Study Nürtingen 2]] ===

== Core Questions ==
''Attention: this is a dynamic page list, the answers written in your case studies will appear automatically here. Do not edit this second paragraph.''

=== In how far does this project reveal your concept of future landscapes? ===

<DPL>
category=Future Landscapes Group 6 Case Study
mode=ordered
include = #Core Question 1: In how far does this project reveal your concept of future landscapes?
</DPL>

=== What is the role of landscape architecture in this project? ===

<DPL>
category=Future Landscapes Group 6 Case Study
mode=ordered
include = #Core Question 2: What is the role of landscape architecture in this project?
</DPL>

== Comparative Analysis ==
*Which major similarities and differences could you identify in those two case studies?

''Please write your thoughts here''

[[Image:Concept map .jpg|right|300x300px]]== Synthesis and Outlook ==

== Synthesis ==

'''Context:'''
There are contextual differences between Zadar and Montevideo, that have to do with the region's natural condition, size, age and cultural vicissitudes (including the different levels of poverty and industrialization) of both cities.
But there are important similarities, such as the reasons that led to their foundation, both are coastal cities that have been influenced by their relationship with the sea, the port, sandy beaches and tourism. There may be similarities even from the standpoint of the climate and of cultural aspects such as the influence of the Catholic Church and the Italian culture. See:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zadar
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montevideo

With regard to the location of each project in the city there is a substantive difference in the protection regimes that affect them. In Zadar, the project was inserted in a heritage area, in the context of Defensive Planning for the area. In the case of Montevideo, the project in question is located in an area defined as a Promotion Area, in the context of a Systemic/Strategic Planning.

'''Cases study'''
Besides a difference in the degree of progress or implementation of the selected projects, there is a difference of scale and a different landscape paradigm adopted.
In the case of Zadar, the prevailing idea is that of landscape as an installation, as an individual image and an individual discourse, wich is close to the field of Art, while in the Montevideo case, dominates the idea of landscape conceived as a natural-cultural synthetic place, as a territory produced and seen from complex economic, social, cultural and political processes.

'''Future Landscape'''
These different conceptions may be useful at different landscape scales, in different contexts or in different kind of projects, so we should not exclude any of them.
Moreover, there is an ethical dimension that is (or there should be) always going through all landscape conceptionsñ, which is the necessary awareness of the (local and global) impact that our decisions have on our environment and on other people life.

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

[[Category:Assignment Future Landscapes]]

Talk:Case Study Montevideo 3

2010-11-27T20:40:00Z

Recobaa:

In review of the case study of Montevideo, it seems to have the problem as most cities in South America. The problem arises when cities are not economically strong enough to support its population and these could be link to many factors, such as global economics, political infrastructures, climate change and more...From my understanding, Montevideo is not spared from those affecting factors.

As mentioned, there exist 23% of the population are still living in poverty, that is equivalent to an estimated number of 345000 people. The question I would like to pose is the living conditions of this population. Are they living in slums environment? Are they living near to the park project as mentioned?

If the answer is yes and that they are living in slums environment, then I will find the park fairly irrelevant. A beautiful community park and clean energy in the city would no doubt create positive waves in the urban context but with such a high poverty ratio, an urban plan to improve the slum conditions might seems to be a more appropriate approach and should be on the top priority. Furthermore, it is clear that the city has limited funding and that is the reason why it chose to surrender its environment for dirty industrial uses.

It would make it even more unfeasible when the park is not located within walking distance from the troubled population. Transportation, time and effort would only deter this group from patronizing the space. Which means the initiative proposed would has no direct impact on the wound in the society.
The slum environment is the sum of survival necessities, created on the most honest basic, nothing too much, nothing too less, just enough to sustain life. It is an infrastructure that should be improved and not remove.

The shifting of interests away from the trouble landscape is a movement to isolate or even eliminate it. That would likely to result in an inbalance in the society, which would in terms interrupt with the growth of the city.

In conclusion, main consideration should be focus on improving life of the poverty, even if the population are not living in slum conditions. Their neighbourhood should be studied critically and prescribe with the best remedy, to upgrade its infrastructure, such as schools, kitchen gardens, social services and social spaces right in the very heart of these communities.

'''Montevideo group 03 response'''

First we will try to answer your questions about living conditions in this population, the accessibility to the project area and its environmental condition.

The definition of poverty includes many aspects in relation to several minimum standards and it must be differentiated from indigence. Poor people do not necessarily live in slum environments or defined areas, but distributed in peripheric areas, intermediate and central areas. Slums environments are known in Montevideo as "cantegriles" and are mainly located in peripheric areas. Several governmental and nongovernmental organization are focused on the improvement of the living conditions of these people.
Some of them are:

http://www.piai.gub.uy/index.php
http://guiaderecursos.mides.gub.uy/mides/text.jsp?contentid=3894&site=1&channel=mides
http://www.mevir.org.uy/?SECCION=noticias

The most emblematic place of the city are the waterfront promenade and a series of beaches that extend over 20 kms. This fact is not only because of the beautiful or sublime landscape view of the sea (estuary) but because of being a genuine public space, where most of the people, including the most marginal ones can (and they actually do) enjoy. The cost of public transport is not necessarily a limiting factor, considering the size of the city and the possibility of using alternative means (such as bicycles).
It is relevant, contextualizing Poverty and Human Development regionally and globally. There, some additional data emerge.

See:
http://hdr.undp.org/en/data/map/
http://hdr.undp.org/en/data/trends/
http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/countries/profiles/URY.html
http://hdr.undp.org/xmlsearch/reportSearch?y=*&c=n%3AUruguay&t=*&lang=en&k=&orderby=year

It should be noted also, that the oil refinery and the power station that face Montevideo bay are not recent “acquirements”. They are old modern “heritages” (from the decades of 1950 and 1960) that are still kept running for necessity.

So, the point is that this is a complex problem (not only an economic, material nor a local one) that require complex answers, just as it usually occur in landscape architecture. It is not because of the lack of strategic visions, willingness of government or investment in urban planning, housing, infrastructures, educational, social welfare or labor programs, that this serious problem has not been yet solved.
Undoubtedly, this city (and this country) has limited funds. Thus emerges the need to promote and increase investment levels, which in turn generate new productive, logistical, economical and environmental pressures that result also in the increasing of land costs and in population displacements.
The (uruguayan) video clip "Panic attack" and the (also uruguayan) movie "The journey to the sea", express in different and contradictory ways, feelings such as fear, anger or nostalgia, facing the potential loss of identity and/or the own place, derived from pressures, changes and problems such as poverty (with the subculture it generates) or the accelerated increasing of land and natural resources demand as a result of foreign investments in extensive production.

Please visit:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dadPWhEhVk
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HhJe_34V0JI
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1RFW_u7m2vg&feature=related

In this context, planning, regulating and the ability to negotiate and articulate multiple opposed interests, aiming the common good, are key factors in building a balanced future landscape. Obviously this is not easy and we should not be naive about this.
The selected project should be evaluated as a part of a wider proccess in the context of an strategic planning, that has to be developed on several dimensions yet.

Undoubtedly poverty is a major problem which compromise the future landscape of this city and this country. But poverty has not necessarily been completely generated nor will be completely resolved locally. It is a problem that involves (affects and / or will affect) the whole region and even the whole world (in a greater or lesser extent) just as global warming and environmental pollution.

Talk:Case Study Montevideo 3

2010-11-27T20:26:08Z

Recobaa:

In review of the case study of Montevideo, it seems to have the problem as most cities in South America. The problem arises when cities are not economically strong enough to support its population and these could be link to many factors, such as global economics, political infrastructures, climate change and more...From my understanding, Montevideo is not spared from those affecting factors.

As mentioned, there exist 23% of the population are still living in poverty, that is equivalent to an estimated number of 345000 people. The question I would like to pose is the living conditions of this population. Are they living in slums environment? Are they living near to the park project as mentioned?

If the answer is yes and that they are living in slums environment, then I will find the park fairly irrelevant. A beautiful community park and clean energy in the city would no doubt create positive waves in the urban context but with such a high poverty ratio, an urban plan to improve the slum conditions might seems to be a more appropriate approach and should be on the top priority. Furthermore, it is clear that the city has limited funding and that is the reason why it chose to surrender its environment for dirty industrial uses.

It would make it even more unfeasible when the park is not located within walking distance from the troubled population. Transportation, time and effort would only deter this group from patronizing the space. Which means the initiative proposed would has no direct impact on the wound in the society.
The slum environment is the sum of survival necessities, created on the most honest basic, nothing too much, nothing too less, just enough to sustain life. It is an infrastructure that should be improved and not remove.

The shifting of interests away from the trouble landscape is a movement to isolate or even eliminate it. That would likely to result in an inbalance in the society, which would in terms interrupt with the growth of the city.

In conclusion, main consideration should be focus on improving life of the poverty, even if the population are not living in slum conditions. Their neighbourhood should be studied critically and prescribe with the best remedy, to upgrade its infrastructure, such as schools, kitchen gardens, social services and social spaces right in the very heart of these communities.

'''Montevideo group 03 response'''

First we will try to answer your questions about living conditions in this population, the accessibility to the project area and its environmental condition.

The definition of poverty includes many aspects in relation to several minimum standards and it must be differentiated from indigence. Poor people do not necessarily live in slum environments or defined areas, but distributed in peripheric areas, intermediate and central areas. Slums environments are known in Montevideo as "cantegriles" and are mainly located in peripheric areas. Several governmental and nongovernmental organization are focused on the improvement of the living conditions of these people.
Some of them are:

http://www.piai.gub.uy/index.php
http://guiaderecursos.mides.gub.uy/mides/text.jsp?contentid=3894&site=1&channel=mides
http://www.mevir.org.uy/?SECCION=noticias

The most emblematic place of the city are the waterfront promenade and a series of beaches that extend over 20 kms. This fact is not only because of the beautiful or sublime landscape view of the sea (estuary) but because of being a genuine public space, where most of the people, including the most marginal ones can (and they actually do) enjoy. The cost of public transport is not necessarily a limiting factor, considering the size of the city and the possibility of using alternative means (such as bicycles).
It is relevant, contextualizing Poverty and Human Development regionally and globally. There, some additional data emerge.

See:
http://hdr.undp.org/en/data/map/
http://hdr.undp.org/en/data/trends/
http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/countries/profiles/URY.html
http://hdr.undp.org/xmlsearch/reportSearch?y=*&c=n%3AUruguay&t=*&lang=en&k=&orderby=year

It should be noted also, that the oil refinery and the power station that face Montevideo bay are not recent “acquirements”. They are old modern “heritages” (from the decades of 1950 and 1960) that are still kept running for necessity.

So, the point is that this is a complex problem (not only an economic, material nor a local one) that require complex answers, just as it usually occur in landscape architecture. It is not because of the lack of strategic visions, willingness of government or investment in urban planning, housing, infrastructures, educational, social welfare or labor programs, that this serious problem has not been yet solved.
Undoubtedly, this city (and this country) has limited funds. Thus emerges the need to promote and increase investment levels, which in turn generate new productive, logistical, economical and environmental pressures that result also in the increasing of land costs and in population displacements.
The (uruguayan) video clip "Panic attack" and the (also uruguayan) movie "The journey to the sea", express in different and contradictory ways, feelings such as fear, anger or nostalgia, facing the potential loss of identity and the own place, derived from pressures, changes and problems such as poverty (with the subculture it generates) or the accelerated increasing of land and natural resources demand as a result of foreign investments in extensive production.

Please visit:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dadPWhEhVk
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HhJe_34V0JI
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1RFW_u7m2vg&feature=related

In this context, planning, regulating and the ability to negotiate and articulate multiple opposed interests, aiming the common good, are key factors in building a balanced future landscape. Obviously this is not easy and we should not be naive about this.
The selected project should be evaluated as a part of a wider proccess in the context of an strategic planning, that has to be developed on several dimensions yet.

Undoubtedly poverty is a major problem which compromise the future landscape of this city and this country. But poverty has not necessarily been completely generated nor will be completely resolved locally. It is a problem that involves (affects and / or will affect) the whole region and even the whole world (in a greater or lesser extent) just as global warming and environmental pollution.

Talk:Future Landscapes Group 6

2010-11-25T02:59:40Z

Recobaa: /* Montevideo group 03 on Nürtingen group 02 (Gabriel, Nemanje + Beate) selected project */

Dear group members, please use this discussion page for compiling and sharing your thoughts!

Talk:Case Study Nürtingen 2

2010-11-25T02:58:13Z

Recobaa: New page: == Montevideo group 03 on Nürtingen group 02 (Gabriel, Nemanje + Beate) selected project == We found the selected project really interesting and captivating. The general considerations ...

== Montevideo group 03 on Nürtingen group 02 (Gabriel, Nemanje + Beate) selected project ==

We found the selected project really interesting and captivating. The general considerations that justify their choice (the use of local materials, the simplicity and elegance of its design, its subtle inclusion within a historic and well defined area, its self-reliance energy , its strong and local rooted narrative, and its poetic dialogue with the elements of nature) are very compelling.
We also share the team's ethical stance in relation to global warming, environmental pollution and the disciplinar commitment with these problems.
Similarly, regarding the need to measure the impact of our actions and decisions from the perspective of design (as quoted to in the article by Craig Pocock) is also very compelling.

Notwithstanding these considerations, after seeing the project and its context, we raise some questions:

Should it be the landscape conceived as a work of art (produced by an individual person or group) as an interesting urban attraction, as Nicola states, or as the provisional result of a complex and collective process? Is this a false opposition?

Is there a difference between a work of art, a spectacle and a landscape?

What happens when individual interventions start to accumulate in a limited area?
Does not this imply entering a regime similar to that of an amusement park?

An installation suggests something "fragile, provisional, removable and that is able to be re-used. Was this project conceived in these terms?

The formal simplicity of the proposal contrasts with the technological complexity that makes it work and that gives the meaning to the project. What should be the relationship between landscape and technology, thinking of technology obsolescence in the context of an environmentally friendly design?

Must the landscape of the future be necessarily linked to technological sophistication?

Case Study Montevideo 3

2010-11-23T22:47:38Z

Recobaa: /* Cultural/social/political context */

---> back to overview of [[Future Landscapes Group 6]]

'''add your case study title''' by ''add authors''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''PROYECTO DE DETALLE BAHÍA - CAPURRO - BELLA VISTA''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Montevideo''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Uruguay''
|-
| '''Office''' || style="background:Lavender"|''IMM_intendencia Municipal de Montevideo-departamento de planificación/coordinator: Arq. Ulises Torrado''
|-
| '''Client''' || style="background:Lavender"|''IMM_Intendencia de Montevideo''
|-
| '''Completion''' || style="background:Lavender"|''not completed/in process''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:MVD_BAY1_biosgroup03.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| <googlemap version="0.9" lat="-34.86" lon="-56.20" type="satellite" zoom="11" width="300" height="250">
</googlemap>
|}

=== Core Question 1: In how far does this project reveal your concept of future landscapes? ===
This project, with all it´s faults , reveals our concept of future landscape in the meaning that it attempts to articulate diverse interests, sometimes conflicting (economic interests and socio-cultural) and different actors (public and private) in order to achieve the common good: that is negotiate for (re)build a public place and an emblematic landscape: Montevideo´s bay, part of our collective heritage, today degraded and submitted to diverse pressures.
What is valued as interesting of this project is not it´s formalization or design (which is preliminary and very general), but what underlies, which is it´s intention of solving contradictions, the channelling of the multiple and opposite interests in a balanced way and also the challenges that faces: the diversity of scales that are at stake, the pollution that should be reverted and the lack of biodiversity.
The landscape of future, in an increasing complexity context, should be constructed on the base of a negotiation with nature (human and not human nature) and from a deep knowledge of our environment with the aim to reach a balanced and sustainable development. That is, landscape should be conceived, even in the smallest actions, as the legacy of our time for the future generations.

== '''Landscape and/or urban context''' ==

'''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics'''

The Montevideo´s bay, the hill and the peninsula that enclose it, are geographical particularities that are closely bound to the origin and development of the city.
Montevideo was founded in 1720 for strategic and military reasons, in the context of territorial disputes between the Portuguese and Spanish Empire. The bay and the peninsula offered perfect natural conditions to establish a port and a defensive device in the entry of the Rio de la Plata river. Montevideo owes its name to the cartographic record of the hill that is next the bay. In these records, this hill was appearing as MONTE VI D/E-O (i.e. the sixth Mount -or hill-, in East – West direction). This hill is right in front of the enclave of the considered project.
The port has been from its foundation and continues still being, a key factor in the development of the city. There, historically, have arrived and have departed, merchant ships, military ships, fishing boats, ships with immigrants, with people brought as slaves from Africa during the XVIII century and with travellers.
The port of Montevideo is nowadays in a process of expansion.
The city, initially fortified, has developed from the peninsula eastward and North on the bay. This happened in successive extensions upon a softly wavy topography, respecting the old colonial roads and by using a reticle as organization device. The reticle (grid), of Greek / Roman inspiration, was widely used by the Spanish empire in the foundation of American cities.
The bay has been affected in his edges by the port and industrial activity. There exist nowadays many facilities of significative size that have been abandoned and are obsolet. It still remains on its edge an oil refinery, that belongs and supplies fuels to the ANCAP company. Several state companies (ANCAP, ANTEL, UTE, ANP) have infrastructure or offices there.
Two streams (Miguelete and Pantanoso) end in the bay. These streams that cross a large part of the city, have been a pollution source with domestic and industrial residues during the second half of the XX century. The bay presents nowadays significant levels of pollution, that are expected to be reverted in the short term, by the completion of the municipal sanitation plan IV.

Nevertheless this, some species adapted to environmental stress, still persist. This includes exotic resistant species, that were brought with the ballast´s water of foreign ships anchored in the port.
The Capurro's zone, in the North-East sector of the bay, near the stream Miguelete, was the place in colony times (XVIII th century) a quarantine place for the people that were brought as slaves from Africa. Later (in XIX century) it was a place of water extraction and a sand source for the ballast of oversea ships. At the beginning of the XXth century (1910) the Capurro park was built as a recreative space with direct access to the bay. This constituted a place of reference to the neighborhood and the the city. At the end of the decade of 1980, due to the construction of the route, the park lost his connection with the bay and devaluated itself.

[[image:Montevideo_bay & hill.jpg]]

== Cultural/social/political context ==

'''Brief explanation of culture, political economy, legal framework'''

Montevideo (1.500.000 inhabitants) is the capital of Uruguay (3.500.000 inhabitants) and is located in south of South America. This country borders Northern and East with Brazil, West with Argentina and South with the Atlantic Ocean.
Culturally, Uruguay is the result of its moderate climate, of his peripherial condition, of its small scale and of the mixture of diverse migratory inflows, principally coming from Spain and Italy and in minor measure from the assimilation of the african population brought as slave during the XVIII century. In the first half of the XIXth century, the native population of these lands was totally exterminated and / or assimilated by the dominant european culture in the process of constitution of the "modern State". During the second half of the XIX century and the first half of the XX century the french model was adopted as reference to institutional and educational level.
Uruguay has a long tradition of democratically elected governments and stable institutions. This tradition was interrupted in two occasions by police and military governments between 1933 and 1938 and more recently between 1973 and 1985.
The economy of the country is based on the export of raw materials, agroindustrial products, food products and services in general. The tourism is increasingly relevant in it´s economy.
Nowadays some of the principal sociocultural challenges that Uruguay faces, are the population aging, the need of improvement of labor opportunities and the levels of income of a major part of the population (the poverty reaches 23 % in the whole country), the improvement of education levels in the context of a highly competitive and technology dependent world, the defense of the natural resources of the country facing the investor´s increasing pressures in all areas, the improvement of the environmental monitoring systems, and the diversification of the energetic matrix, nowadays dependent for the most part on oil and hydroelectric power.
Uruguay is an independent republic since 1825. It is organized on the national level in three autonomous powers: legislature, executive and judiciary. A territorial decentralization of the power exists also, in turn in local governments that possess a legislative power (Junta Departamental) and an executive power (Intendencia). In local areas (departments) both, the laws and national procedure and the local procedure govern. The before mentioned, are subordinate to the laws, decrees and regulations of national scope. In Montevideo the government of the city (Intendencia de Montevideo, IMM and the parliament of Montevideo /Junta Departmental) elaborates and approve the plans for the city.

The considered project is a Detailed Project elaborated by the IMM and approved by the Junta Departamental (parliament of Montevideo), framed inside the special plan Bahía-Capurro-Bella Vista-La Teja. The general frame in turn is given by the Plan Montevideo elaborated by the IMM in consultancy with the state University (UDELAR).
The administration of the port activity is a competition of the national government across the ANP (Administración Nacional de Puertos).

'''General information on Montevideo / Uruguay'''

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruguay
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruguay
http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruguay

'''Cultural Dimension / Simbolic destruction of Montevideo and its emblematic sites:'''
'''a bit of anger or rage (video clip "Panic attack")'''

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dadPWhEhVk

'''Cultural Dimension / traditional Uruguayan rural landscape: a bit of nostalgia (film "The journey to the sea")'''

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HhJe_34V0JI
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1RFW_u7m2vg&feature=related

== Spatial analysis of area/project/plan ==

'''What are the main structural features?
How has it been shaped? Were there any critical decisions?'''

The principal structural features of the project are:

A platform constructed on the North-East edge of the bay that articulates public space with productive, recreative and commercial activities.
This platform includes a pier, a coastal walk, office and residential towers that are to the scale of the Montevideo´s bay and hill.
This project implies an environmental previous recovery. The environmental conditions of the bay are expected to be improved significantly with the completion of the municipal sanitation plan IV. (IMM foreseen for 2012).
A critical aspect is the proximity of the oil refinery. Its movement does not seem to be feasible in a short-term, due to the investment needed (the Uruguayan State cannot confront it today) and due to his strategic location near the port and the routes of access to the city. Anyway, the landscape of the bay has much of a industrial landscape and this would be positive if it would not implied certain levels of pollution.
Another critical aspect of this project relates to the articulation of the different involved scales (that is, scale of the bay, scale of the port infrastructures, scale of the cars, scale of the pedestrian). The reference images let see this difficulty.

'''Overview of Project Bay-detail Capurro-Bella Vista'''

http://agenda.montevideo.gub.uy/sites/agenda.montevideo.gub.uy/files/proyecto/archivos/Render_Nocturno_0.jpg
http://agenda.montevideo.gub.uy/proyecto/2324

'''Environmental survey of the bay / fishing port:'''

http://www.anp.com.uy/licitaciones/publicas/I10/InformeAmbiental.pdf

=== Analysis of program/function ===
* What are the main functional characteristics?
* How have they been expressed or incorporated?

This project involves the construction of a new place for public use that integrates various activity areas such as:

a fishing pier, recreational areas (marina, walkways, swimming pools), commercial areas (a ferry terminal for the Montevideo-Buenos Aires line, a terminal for large international cruises, hotels, offices) and residential areas (in a tower typology).

The project is at an early stage thus the land usage appear as a general zoning.

'''Overview of Project Bay-detail Capurro-Bella Vista'''
http://agenda.montevideo.gub.uy/sites/agenda.montevideo.gub.uy/files/proyecto/archivos/Render_Nocturno_0.jpg
http://agenda.montevideo.gub.uy/proyecto/2324

'''Environmental survey of the bay / fishing port:'''
http://www.anp.com.uy/licitaciones/publicas/I10/InformeAmbiental.pdf

=== Analysis of design/planning process ===
* How was the area/project/plan formulated and implemented?
*Were there any important consultations/collaborations?
The Montevideo plan (Plan Montevideo-POT) in its management report, sets out areas for promotion, within which the Bay has a prominent place. In this case the aim is to promote the recovery of the link between the city and the bay, the densification of the area, enhance residential areas and improve the relationship port-city.

Planning for the city of Montevideo has been present throughout history. The POT (Land Use Plan), Plan Montevideo, 1998 (currently under revision since 2005), was adopted by the Parliament of Montevideo after a process of preparation, evaluation and public consultation in which governments , academics and members of civil society worked. This is a general plan that regulates and structures the actions in the territory. This plan intended to innovate in organization and management tools for planning, understood this as a process that must include citizen participation.

With respect to the regulation framework, the current project integrates various and diverse instruments, included in the POT (Departmental Decree 28242) and complies with the provisions of the Law of territorial planning and sustainable development (National Law 18308). The initiative, as required by law, was presented at three public hearings before being sent by the City Government to the City Parliament for final approval.

POT instruments that are present in this project are:

Special Management Plan (BELLA VISTA-CAPURRO-LA TEJA)

Promotion Area (BAY). They are territorial units with priority for action, with long range projection, combining public and private actors.

Detailed Project (STRIP EDGE-CAPURRO BELLA VISTA), this is an instrument developed by the General Plan, the Special Plans and the Zonal Plans Management.

Action Units (Bella Vista pier). It is a land management tool in urban, rural or suburban potentially developable land, within a defined area that aim to synchronize their implementation through Detailed Projects. In this case, it articulates the installation of the fishing port, residential developments in the coastal strip, public spaces and the connection Capurro Neighbourhood - Capurro Park - Bay.

'''General framework / plan montevideo:'''
http://www.montevideo.gub.uy/sites/default/files/articulo/meminfo.pdf
http://www.montevideo.gub.uy/sites/default/files/articulo/memord.pdf

'''Municipal sanitation plan IV:'''
http://agenda.montevideo.gub.uy/proyecto/1681

=== Analysis of use/users ===
* How is the area/project/plan used and by whom?
* Is the use changing? Are there any issues?

This is an area currently inaccessible and without a clear use. This area is at the same time facing the expansive pressure of the port of Montevideo. It is surrounded by old industrial buildings and others that are still in use such as the oil refinery and a power plant. Both are state-owned.

The closure of these plants, which are sources of contamination does not seem feasible in the short term. That would depend on the change in the country's energy matrix. This process of energy source substitution and energy diversification has already begun but slowly, with the use of biofuels, deployment of wind farms and solar energy, used mainly at home and in hotel buildings.
There are feasibility studies (and three possible locations) and is on the agenda of Montevideo, the construction of a wind farm that would supply energy for all street lighting of the city. This transformation together with the completion of construction of the IV sanitation plan in 2012 would improve significantly the environmental condition of the bay.

The Bahia -Capurro-Bella Vista project proposes new uses (recreational, residential, commercial) in this border and improve the physical conditions for public access to the bay. Increasing biodiversity in the area looks like a difficult goal to achieve because of the high degree of antropization and the intensity of the proposed activities

=== Core Question 2: What is the role of landscape architecture in this project? ===

In this phase of the project, the landscape architecture plays the role of coordinating and builder of an image-logo, a general and synthetic one, that suggests a possible future. This project-image, acts as a general reference and an object of desire, understandable and useful for negotiating with stakeholders, at an early stage.
The landscape architecture has set up the public and recreational priority for this new place.
It has also defined the project basic components that in this case are the platforms, the pier, the docks, the residential towers, and the natural areas, as well as their disposition.
The landscape architecture has to work out the agenda, as well as the key aspects of the project, ie how to integrate the different scales (which are that of the bay, the port infrastructure, that of the automobile, the district and the pedestrian).

=== Image Gallery ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
</gallery>

=== References ===

'''General information on Montevideo / Uruguay'''

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruguay
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruguay
http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruguay

'''Cultural Dimension / Simbolic destruction of Montevideo and its emblematic sites:'''
'''a bit of anger or rage (video clip "Panic attack")'''

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dadPWhEhVk

'''Cultural Dimension / traditional Uruguayan rural landscape: a bit of nostalgia (film "The journey to the sea")'''

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HhJe_34V0JI
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1RFW_u7m2vg&feature=related

'''Planification process in Montevideo:'''
http://www.farq.edu.uy/publicaciones/archivos%20pdf/teoria/montevideo%20proceso%20planificador%20y%20crecimientos%201.pdf

'''Poverty in Uruguay:'''
http://www.ine.gub.uy/biblioteca/pobreza/Estimaciones%20de%20pobreza%20por%20el%20m%E9todo%20del%20ingreso%202009.pdf

'''Overview of Project Bay-detail Capurro-Bella Vista'''
http://agenda.montevideo.gub.uy/proyecto/2324 http://agenda.montevideo.gub.uy/sites/agenda.montevideo.gub.uy/files/proyecto/archivos/Render_Nocturno_0.jpg

'''Environmental survey of the bay / fishing port:'''
http://www.anp.com.uy/licitaciones/publicas/I10/InformeAmbiental.pdf

'''General framework / plan montevideo:'''
http://www.montevideo.gub.uy/sites/default/files/articulo/meminfo.pdf
http://www.montevideo.gub.uy/sites/default/files/articulo/memord.pdf
http://monolitos.montevideo.gub.uy/resoluci.nsf/678a9bb12579e33d03256f000044a0e3/6edffabef6ffe9398325754000504c13?OpenDocument

'''Approval of the project (parliament of Montevideo)'''
http://www.juntamvd.gub.uy/es/comunicados-de-prensa/452-reglamentacion-para-area-prioritaria-muelles-de-bella-vista.html

'''Municipal sanitation plan IV:'''
http://agenda.montevideo.gub.uy/proyecto/1681

'''Recent news relating to the project:'''
http://ladiaria.com/articulo/2010/2/a-todo-vapor/

[[Category:Case Study]]
[[Category:Future Landscapes Group 6 Case Study]]
About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Image References]]", add your categories

Talk:Future Landscapes Group 6

2010-11-23T22:37:53Z

Recobaa: /* Montevideo group 03 on Nürtingen group 02 selected project */

Dear group members, please use this discussion page for compiling and sharing your thoughts!

== Montevideo group 03 on Nürtingen group 02 (Gabriel, Nemanje + Beate) selected project ==

We found the selected project really interesting and captivating. The general considerations that justify their choice (the use of local materials, the simplicity and elegance of its design, its subtle inclusion within a historic and well defined area, its self-reliance energy , its strong and local rooted narrative, and its poetic dialogue with the elements of nature) are very compelling.
We also share the team's ethical stance in relation to global warming, environmental pollution and the disciplinar commitment with these problems.
Similarly, regarding the need to measure the impact of our actions and decisions from the perspective of design (as quoted to in the article by Craig Pocock) is also very compelling.

Notwithstanding these considerations, after seeing the project and its context, we raise some questions:

Should it be the landscape conceived as a work of art (produced by an individual person or group) as an interesting urban attraction, as Nicola states, or as the provisional result of a complex and collective process? Is this a false opposition?

Is there a difference between a work of art, a spectacle and a landscape?

What happens when individual interventions start to accumulate in a limited area?
Does not this imply entering a regime similar to that of an amusement park?

An installation suggests something "fragile, provisional, removable and that is able to be re-used. Was this project conceived in these terms?

The formal simplicity of the proposal contrasts with the technological complexity that makes it work and that gives the meaning to the project. What should be the relationship between landscape and technology, thinking of technology obsolescence in the context of an environmentally friendly design?

Must the landscape of the future be necessarily linked to technological sophistication?

Talk:Future Landscapes Group 6

2010-11-23T22:35:26Z

Recobaa:

Dear group members, please use this discussion page for compiling and sharing your thoughts!

== Montevideo group 03 on Nürtingen group 02 selected project ==

We found the selected project really interesting and captivating. The general considerations that justify their choice (the use of local materials, the simplicity and elegance of its design, its subtle inclusion within a historic and well defined area, its self-reliance energy , its strong and local rooted narrative, and its poetic dialogue with the elements of nature) are very compelling.
We also share the team's ethical stance in relation to global warming, environmental pollution and the disciplinar commitment with these problems.
Similarly, regarding the need to measure the impact of our actions and decisions from the perspective of design (as quoted to in the article by Craig Pocock) is also very compelling.

Notwithstanding these considerations, after seeing the project and its context, we raise some questions:

Should it be the landscape conceived as a work of art (produced by an individual person or group) as an interesting urban attraction, as Nicola states, or as the provisional result of a complex and collective process? Is this a false opposition?

Is there a difference between a work of art, a spectacle and a landscape?

What happens when individual interventions start to accumulate in a limited area?
Does not this imply entering a regime similar to that of an amusement park?

An installation suggests something "fragile, provisional, removable and that is able to be re-used. Was this project conceived in these terms?

The formal simplicity of the proposal contrasts with the technological complexity that makes it work and that gives the meaning to the project. What should be the relationship between landscape and technology, thinking of technology obsolescence in the context of an environmentally friendly design?

Must the landscape of the future be necessarily linked to technological sophistication?

Case Study Montevideo 3

2010-11-23T05:36:46Z

Recobaa: /* Spatial analysis of area/project/plan */

---> back to overview of [[Future Landscapes Group 6]]

'''add your case study title''' by ''add authors''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''PROYECTO DE DETALLE BAHÍA - CAPURRO - BELLA VISTA''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Montevideo''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Uruguay''
|-
| '''Office''' || style="background:Lavender"|''IMM_intendencia Municipal de Montevideo-departamento de planificación/coordinator: Arq. Ulises Torrado''
|-
| '''Client''' || style="background:Lavender"|''IMM_Intendencia de Montevideo''
|-
| '''Completion''' || style="background:Lavender"|''not completed/in process''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:MVD_BAY1_biosgroup03.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| <googlemap version="0.9" lat="-34.86" lon="-56.20" type="satellite" zoom="11" width="300" height="250">
</googlemap>
|}

=== Core Question 1: In how far does this project reveal your concept of future landscapes? ===
This project, with all it´s faults , reveals our concept of future landscape in the meaning that it attempts to articulate diverse interests, sometimes conflicting (economic interests and socio-cultural) and different actors (public and private) in order to achieve the common good: that is negotiate for (re)build a public place and an emblematic landscape: Montevideo´s bay, part of our collective heritage, today degraded and submitted to diverse pressures.
What is valued as interesting of this project is not it´s formalization or design (which is preliminary and very general), but what underlies, which is it´s intention of solving contradictions, the channelling of the multiple and opposite interests in a balanced way and also the challenges that faces: the diversity of scales that are at stake, the pollution that should be reverted and the lack of biodiversity.
The landscape of future, in an increasing complexity context, should be constructed on the base of a negotiation with nature (human and not human nature) and from a deep knowledge of our environment with the aim to reach a balanced and sustainable development. That is, landscape should be conceived, even in the smallest actions, as the legacy of our time for the future generations.

== '''Landscape and/or urban context''' ==

'''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics'''

The Montevideo´s bay, the hill and the peninsula that enclose it, are geographical particularities that are closely bound to the origin and development of the city.
Montevideo was founded in 1720 for strategic and military reasons, in the context of territorial disputes between the Portuguese and Spanish Empire. The bay and the peninsula offered perfect natural conditions to establish a port and a defensive device in the entry of the Rio de la Plata river. Montevideo owes its name to the cartographic record of the hill that is next the bay. In these records, this hill was appearing as MONTE VI D/E-O (i.e. the sixth Mount -or hill-, in East – West direction). This hill is right in front of the enclave of the considered project.
The port has been from its foundation and continues still being, a key factor in the development of the city. There, historically, have arrived and have departed, merchant ships, military ships, fishing boats, ships with immigrants, with people brought as slaves from Africa during the XVIII century and with travellers.
The port of Montevideo is nowadays in a process of expansion.
The city, initially fortified, has developed from the peninsula eastward and North on the bay. This happened in successive extensions upon a softly wavy topography, respecting the old colonial roads and by using a reticle as organization device. The reticle (grid), of Greek / Roman inspiration, was widely used by the Spanish empire in the foundation of American cities.
The bay has been affected in his edges by the port and industrial activity. There exist nowadays many facilities of significative size that have been abandoned and are obsolet. It still remains on its edge an oil refinery, that belongs and supplies fuels to the ANCAP company. Several state companies (ANCAP, ANTEL, UTE, ANP) have infrastructure or offices there.
Two streams (Miguelete and Pantanoso) end in the bay. These streams that cross a large part of the city, have been a pollution source with domestic and industrial residues during the second half of the XX century. The bay presents nowadays significant levels of pollution, that are expected to be reverted in the short term, by the completion of the municipal sanitation plan IV.

Nevertheless this, some species adapted to environmental stress, still persist. This includes exotic resistant species, that were brought with the ballast´s water of foreign ships anchored in the port.
The Capurro's zone, in the North-East sector of the bay, near the stream Miguelete, was the place in colony times (XVIII th century) a quarantine place for the people that were brought as slaves from Africa. Later (in XIX century) it was a place of water extraction and a sand source for the ballast of oversea ships. At the beginning of the XXth century (1910) the Capurro park was built as a recreative space with direct access to the bay. This constituted a place of reference to the neighborhood and the the city. At the end of the decade of 1980, due to the construction of the route, the park lost his connection with the bay and devaluated itself.

[[image:Montevideo_bay & hill.jpg]]

== Cultural/social/political context ==

'''Brief explanation of culture, political economy, legal framework'''

Montevideo (1.500.000 inhabitants) is the capital of Uruguay (3.500.000 inhabitants) and is located in south of South America. This country borders Northern and East with Brazil, West with Argentina and South with the Atlantic Ocean.
Culturally, Uruguay is the result of his moderate climate, of his peripherial condition, of his small scale and of the mixture of diverse migratory inflows, principally coming from Spain and Italy and in minor measure from the assimilation of the african population brought as slave during the XVIII century. In the first half of the XIXth century, the native population of these lands was totally exterminated and / or assimilated by the dominant european culture in the process of constitution of the "modern State". During the second half of the XIX century and the first half of the XX century the french model was adopted as reference to institutional and educational level.
Uruguay has a long tradition of democratically elected governments and stable institutions. This tradition was interrupted in two occasions by police and military governments between 1933 and 1938 and more recently between 1973 and 1985.
The economy of the country is based on the export of raw materials, agroindustrial products, food products and services in general. The tourism is increasingly relevant in it´s economy.
Nowadays some of the principal sociocultural challenges that Uruguay faces, are the population aging, the need of improvement of labor opportunities and the levels of income of a major part of the population (the poverty reaches 23 % in the whole country), the improvement of education levels in the context of a highly competitive and technology dependent world, the defense of the natural resources of the country opposite to the investor´s increasing pressures in all areas, the improvement of the environmental monitoring systems, and diversification of the energetic matrix, nowadays dependent for the most part on oil and hydroelectric power.
Uruguay is an independent republic since 1825. It is organized on the national level in three autonomous powers: legislature, executive and judiciary. A territorial decentralization of the power exists also, in turn in local governments that possess a legislative power (Junta Departamental) and an executive power (Intendencia). In local areas (departments) both, the laws and national procedure and the local procedure govern. The before mentioned, are subordinate to the laws, decrees and regulations of national scope. In Montevideo the government of the city (Intendencia de Montevideo, IMM and Junta Departmental) elaborates and approve the plans for the city.

The considered project is a Detailed Project elaborated by the IMM and approved by the Junta Departamental (parliament of Montevideo), framed inside the special plan Bahía-Capurro-Bella Vista-La Teja. The general frame in turn is given by the Plan Montevideo elaborated by the IMM in consultancy with the state University (UDELAR).
The administration of the port activity is a competition of the national government across the ANP (Administración Nacional de Puertos).

'''General information on Montevideo / Uruguay'''

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruguay
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruguay
http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruguay

'''Cultural Dimension / Simbolic destruction of Montevideo and its emblematic sites:'''
'''a bit of anger or rage (video clip "Panic attack")'''

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dadPWhEhVk

'''Cultural Dimension / traditional Uruguayan rural landscape: a bit of nostalgia (film "The journey to the sea")'''

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HhJe_34V0JI
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1RFW_u7m2vg&feature=related

== Spatial analysis of area/project/plan ==

'''What are the main structural features?
How has it been shaped? Were there any critical decisions?'''

The principal structural features of the project are:

A platform constructed on the North-East edge of the bay that articulates public space with productive, recreative and commercial activities.
This platform includes a pier, a coastal walk, office and residential towers that are to the scale of the Montevideo´s bay and hill.
This project implies an environmental previous recovery. The environmental conditions of the bay are expected to be improved significantly with the completion of the municipal sanitation plan IV. (IMM foreseen for 2012).
A critical aspect is the proximity of the oil refinery. Its movement does not seem to be feasible in a short-term, due to the investment needed (the Uruguayan State cannot confront it today) and due to his strategic location near the port and the routes of access to the city. Anyway, the landscape of the bay has much of a industrial landscape and this would be positive if it would not implied certain levels of pollution.
Another critical aspect of this project relates to the articulation of the different involved scales (that is, scale of the bay, scale of the port infrastructures, scale of the cars, scale of the pedestrian). The reference images let see this difficulty.

'''Overview of Project Bay-detail Capurro-Bella Vista'''

http://agenda.montevideo.gub.uy/sites/agenda.montevideo.gub.uy/files/proyecto/archivos/Render_Nocturno_0.jpg
http://agenda.montevideo.gub.uy/proyecto/2324

'''Environmental survey of the bay / fishing port:'''

http://www.anp.com.uy/licitaciones/publicas/I10/InformeAmbiental.pdf

=== Analysis of program/function ===
* What are the main functional characteristics?
* How have they been expressed or incorporated?

This project involves the construction of a new place for public use that integrates various activity areas such as:

a fishing pier, recreational areas (marina, walkways, swimming pools), commercial areas (a ferry terminal for the Montevideo-Buenos Aires line, a terminal for large international cruises, hotels, offices) and residential areas (in a tower typology).

The project is at an early stage thus the land usage appear as a general zoning.

'''Overview of Project Bay-detail Capurro-Bella Vista'''
http://agenda.montevideo.gub.uy/sites/agenda.montevideo.gub.uy/files/proyecto/archivos/Render_Nocturno_0.jpg
http://agenda.montevideo.gub.uy/proyecto/2324

'''Environmental survey of the bay / fishing port:'''
http://www.anp.com.uy/licitaciones/publicas/I10/InformeAmbiental.pdf

=== Analysis of design/planning process ===
* How was the area/project/plan formulated and implemented?
*Were there any important consultations/collaborations?
The Montevideo plan (Plan Montevideo-POT) in its management report, sets out areas for promotion, within which the Bay has a prominent place. In this case the aim is to promote the recovery of the link between the city and the bay, the densification of the area, enhance residential areas and improve the relationship port-city.

Planning for the city of Montevideo has been present throughout history. The POT (Land Use Plan), Plan Montevideo, 1998 (currently under revision since 2005), was adopted by the Parliament of Montevideo after a process of preparation, evaluation and public consultation in which governments , academics and members of civil society worked. This is a general plan that regulates and structures the actions in the territory. This plan intended to innovate in organization and management tools for planning, understood this as a process that must include citizen participation.

With respect to the regulation framework, the current project integrates various and diverse instruments, included in the POT (Departmental Decree 28242) and complies with the provisions of the Law of territorial planning and sustainable development (National Law 18308). The initiative, as required by law, was presented at three public hearings before being sent by the City Government to the City Parliament for final approval.

POT instruments that are present in this project are:

Special Management Plan (BELLA VISTA-CAPURRO-LA TEJA)

Promotion Area (BAY). They are territorial units with priority for action, with long range projection, combining public and private actors.

Detailed Project (STRIP EDGE-CAPURRO BELLA VISTA), this is an instrument developed by the General Plan, the Special Plans and the Zonal Plans Management.

Action Units (Bella Vista pier). It is a land management tool in urban, rural or suburban potentially developable land, within a defined area that aim to synchronize their implementation through Detailed Projects. In this case, it articulates the installation of the fishing port, residential developments in the coastal strip, public spaces and the connection Capurro Neighbourhood - Capurro Park - Bay.

'''General framework / plan montevideo:'''
http://www.montevideo.gub.uy/sites/default/files/articulo/meminfo.pdf
http://www.montevideo.gub.uy/sites/default/files/articulo/memord.pdf

'''Municipal sanitation plan IV:'''
http://agenda.montevideo.gub.uy/proyecto/1681

=== Analysis of use/users ===
* How is the area/project/plan used and by whom?
* Is the use changing? Are there any issues?

This is an area currently inaccessible and without a clear use. This area is at the same time facing the expansive pressure of the port of Montevideo. It is surrounded by old industrial buildings and others that are still in use such as the oil refinery and a power plant. Both are state-owned.

The closure of these plants, which are sources of contamination does not seem feasible in the short term. That would depend on the change in the country's energy matrix. This process of energy source substitution and energy diversification has already begun but slowly, with the use of biofuels, deployment of wind farms and solar energy, used mainly at home and in hotel buildings.
There are feasibility studies (and three possible locations) and is on the agenda of Montevideo, the construction of a wind farm that would supply energy for all street lighting of the city. This transformation together with the completion of construction of the IV sanitation plan in 2012 would improve significantly the environmental condition of the bay.

The Bahia -Capurro-Bella Vista project proposes new uses (recreational, residential, commercial) in this border and improve the physical conditions for public access to the bay. Increasing biodiversity in the area looks like a difficult goal to achieve because of the high degree of antropization and the intensity of the proposed activities

=== Core Question 2: What is the role of landscape architecture in this project? ===

In this phase of the project, the landscape architecture plays the role of coordinating and builder of an image-logo, a general and synthetic one, that suggests a possible future. This project-image, acts as a general reference and an object of desire, understandable and useful for negotiating with stakeholders, at an early stage.
The landscape architecture has set up the public and recreational priority for this new place.
It has also defined the project basic components that in this case are the platforms, the pier, the docks, the residential towers, and the natural areas, as well as their disposition.
The landscape architecture has to work out the agenda, as well as the key aspects of the project, ie how to integrate the different scales (which are that of the bay, the port infrastructure, that of the automobile, the district and the pedestrian).

=== Image Gallery ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
</gallery>

=== References ===

'''General information on Montevideo / Uruguay'''

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruguay
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruguay
http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruguay

'''Cultural Dimension / Simbolic destruction of Montevideo and its emblematic sites:'''
'''a bit of anger or rage (video clip "Panic attack")'''

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dadPWhEhVk

'''Cultural Dimension / traditional Uruguayan rural landscape: a bit of nostalgia (film "The journey to the sea")'''

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HhJe_34V0JI
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1RFW_u7m2vg&feature=related

'''Planification process in Montevideo:'''
http://www.farq.edu.uy/publicaciones/archivos%20pdf/teoria/montevideo%20proceso%20planificador%20y%20crecimientos%201.pdf

'''Poverty in Uruguay:'''
http://www.ine.gub.uy/biblioteca/pobreza/Estimaciones%20de%20pobreza%20por%20el%20m%E9todo%20del%20ingreso%202009.pdf

'''Overview of Project Bay-detail Capurro-Bella Vista'''
http://agenda.montevideo.gub.uy/proyecto/2324 http://agenda.montevideo.gub.uy/sites/agenda.montevideo.gub.uy/files/proyecto/archivos/Render_Nocturno_0.jpg

'''Environmental survey of the bay / fishing port:'''
http://www.anp.com.uy/licitaciones/publicas/I10/InformeAmbiental.pdf

'''General framework / plan montevideo:'''
http://www.montevideo.gub.uy/sites/default/files/articulo/meminfo.pdf
http://www.montevideo.gub.uy/sites/default/files/articulo/memord.pdf
http://monolitos.montevideo.gub.uy/resoluci.nsf/678a9bb12579e33d03256f000044a0e3/6edffabef6ffe9398325754000504c13?OpenDocument

'''Approval of the project (parliament of Montevideo)'''
http://www.juntamvd.gub.uy/es/comunicados-de-prensa/452-reglamentacion-para-area-prioritaria-muelles-de-bella-vista.html

'''Municipal sanitation plan IV:'''
http://agenda.montevideo.gub.uy/proyecto/1681

'''Recent news relating to the project:'''
http://ladiaria.com/articulo/2010/2/a-todo-vapor/

Case Study Montevideo 3

2010-11-23T05:35:15Z

Recobaa: /* Analysis of design/planning process */

---> back to overview of [[Future Landscapes Group 6]]

'''add your case study title''' by ''add authors''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''PROYECTO DE DETALLE BAHÍA - CAPURRO - BELLA VISTA''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Montevideo''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Uruguay''
|-
| '''Office''' || style="background:Lavender"|''IMM_intendencia Municipal de Montevideo-departamento de planificación/coordinator: Arq. Ulises Torrado''
|-
| '''Client''' || style="background:Lavender"|''IMM_Intendencia de Montevideo''
|-
| '''Completion''' || style="background:Lavender"|''not completed/in process''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:MVD_BAY1_biosgroup03.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| <googlemap version="0.9" lat="-34.86" lon="-56.20" type="satellite" zoom="11" width="300" height="250">
</googlemap>
|}

=== Core Question 1: In how far does this project reveal your concept of future landscapes? ===
This project, with all it´s faults , reveals our concept of future landscape in the meaning that it attempts to articulate diverse interests, sometimes conflicting (economic interests and socio-cultural) and different actors (public and private) in order to achieve the common good: that is negotiate for (re)build a public place and an emblematic landscape: Montevideo´s bay, part of our collective heritage, today degraded and submitted to diverse pressures.
What is valued as interesting of this project is not it´s formalization or design (which is preliminary and very general), but what underlies, which is it´s intention of solving contradictions, the channelling of the multiple and opposite interests in a balanced way and also the challenges that faces: the diversity of scales that are at stake, the pollution that should be reverted and the lack of biodiversity.
The landscape of future, in an increasing complexity context, should be constructed on the base of a negotiation with nature (human and not human nature) and from a deep knowledge of our environment with the aim to reach a balanced and sustainable development. That is, landscape should be conceived, even in the smallest actions, as the legacy of our time for the future generations.

== '''Landscape and/or urban context''' ==

'''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics'''

The Montevideo´s bay, the hill and the peninsula that enclose it, are geographical particularities that are closely bound to the origin and development of the city.
Montevideo was founded in 1720 for strategic and military reasons, in the context of territorial disputes between the Portuguese and Spanish Empire. The bay and the peninsula offered perfect natural conditions to establish a port and a defensive device in the entry of the Rio de la Plata river. Montevideo owes its name to the cartographic record of the hill that is next the bay. In these records, this hill was appearing as MONTE VI D/E-O (i.e. the sixth Mount -or hill-, in East – West direction). This hill is right in front of the enclave of the considered project.
The port has been from its foundation and continues still being, a key factor in the development of the city. There, historically, have arrived and have departed, merchant ships, military ships, fishing boats, ships with immigrants, with people brought as slaves from Africa during the XVIII century and with travellers.
The port of Montevideo is nowadays in a process of expansion.
The city, initially fortified, has developed from the peninsula eastward and North on the bay. This happened in successive extensions upon a softly wavy topography, respecting the old colonial roads and by using a reticle as organization device. The reticle (grid), of Greek / Roman inspiration, was widely used by the Spanish empire in the foundation of American cities.
The bay has been affected in his edges by the port and industrial activity. There exist nowadays many facilities of significative size that have been abandoned and are obsolet. It still remains on its edge an oil refinery, that belongs and supplies fuels to the ANCAP company. Several state companies (ANCAP, ANTEL, UTE, ANP) have infrastructure or offices there.
Two streams (Miguelete and Pantanoso) end in the bay. These streams that cross a large part of the city, have been a pollution source with domestic and industrial residues during the second half of the XX century. The bay presents nowadays significant levels of pollution, that are expected to be reverted in the short term, by the completion of the municipal sanitation plan IV.

Nevertheless this, some species adapted to environmental stress, still persist. This includes exotic resistant species, that were brought with the ballast´s water of foreign ships anchored in the port.
The Capurro's zone, in the North-East sector of the bay, near the stream Miguelete, was the place in colony times (XVIII th century) a quarantine place for the people that were brought as slaves from Africa. Later (in XIX century) it was a place of water extraction and a sand source for the ballast of oversea ships. At the beginning of the XXth century (1910) the Capurro park was built as a recreative space with direct access to the bay. This constituted a place of reference to the neighborhood and the the city. At the end of the decade of 1980, due to the construction of the route, the park lost his connection with the bay and devaluated itself.

[[image:Montevideo_bay & hill.jpg]]

== Cultural/social/political context ==

'''Brief explanation of culture, political economy, legal framework'''

Montevideo (1.500.000 inhabitants) is the capital of Uruguay (3.500.000 inhabitants) and is located in south of South America. This country borders Northern and East with Brazil, West with Argentina and South with the Atlantic Ocean.
Culturally, Uruguay is the result of his moderate climate, of his peripherial condition, of his small scale and of the mixture of diverse migratory inflows, principally coming from Spain and Italy and in minor measure from the assimilation of the african population brought as slave during the XVIII century. In the first half of the XIXth century, the native population of these lands was totally exterminated and / or assimilated by the dominant european culture in the process of constitution of the "modern State". During the second half of the XIX century and the first half of the XX century the french model was adopted as reference to institutional and educational level.
Uruguay has a long tradition of democratically elected governments and stable institutions. This tradition was interrupted in two occasions by police and military governments between 1933 and 1938 and more recently between 1973 and 1985.
The economy of the country is based on the export of raw materials, agroindustrial products, food products and services in general. The tourism is increasingly relevant in it´s economy.
Nowadays some of the principal sociocultural challenges that Uruguay faces, are the population aging, the need of improvement of labor opportunities and the levels of income of a major part of the population (the poverty reaches 23 % in the whole country), the improvement of education levels in the context of a highly competitive and technology dependent world, the defense of the natural resources of the country opposite to the investor´s increasing pressures in all areas, the improvement of the environmental monitoring systems, and diversification of the energetic matrix, nowadays dependent for the most part on oil and hydroelectric power.
Uruguay is an independent republic since 1825. It is organized on the national level in three autonomous powers: legislature, executive and judiciary. A territorial decentralization of the power exists also, in turn in local governments that possess a legislative power (Junta Departamental) and an executive power (Intendencia). In local areas (departments) both, the laws and national procedure and the local procedure govern. The before mentioned, are subordinate to the laws, decrees and regulations of national scope. In Montevideo the government of the city (Intendencia de Montevideo, IMM and Junta Departmental) elaborates and approve the plans for the city.

The considered project is a Detailed Project elaborated by the IMM and approved by the Junta Departamental (parliament of Montevideo), framed inside the special plan Bahía-Capurro-Bella Vista-La Teja. The general frame in turn is given by the Plan Montevideo elaborated by the IMM in consultancy with the state University (UDELAR).
The administration of the port activity is a competition of the national government across the ANP (Administración Nacional de Puertos).

'''General information on Montevideo / Uruguay'''

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruguay
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruguay
http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruguay

'''Cultural Dimension / Simbolic destruction of Montevideo and its emblematic sites:'''
'''a bit of anger or rage (video clip "Panic attack")'''

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dadPWhEhVk

'''Cultural Dimension / traditional Uruguayan rural landscape: a bit of nostalgia (film "The journey to the sea")'''

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HhJe_34V0JI
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1RFW_u7m2vg&feature=related

== Spatial analysis of area/project/plan ==

'''What are the main structural features?
How has it been shaped? Were there any critical decisions?'''

The principal structural features of the project are:

A platform constructed on the North-East edge of the bay that articulates public space with productive, recreative and commercial activities.
This platform includes a pier, a coastal walk, office and residential towers that are to the scale of the Montevideo´s bay and hill.
This project implies an environmental previous recovery. The environmental conditions of the bay are expected to be improved significantly with the completion of the municipal sanitation plan IV. (IMM foreseen for 2012).
A critical aspect is the proximity of the oil refinery. Its movement does not seem to be feasible in a short-term, due to the investment needed (the Uruguayan State cannot confront it today) and due to his strategic location near the port and the routes of access to the city. Anyway, the landscape of the bay has much of a industrial landscape and this would be positive if it would not implied certain levels of pollution.
Another critical aspect of this project relates to the articulation of the different involved scales (that is, scale of the bay, scale of the port infrastructures, scale of the cars, scale of the pedestrian). The reference images let see this difficulty.

'''Overview of Project Bay-detail Capurro-Bella Vista'''
http://agenda.montevideo.gub.uy/sites/agenda.montevideo.gub.uy/files/proyecto/archivos/Render_Nocturno_0.jpg
http://agenda.montevideo.gub.uy/proyecto/2324

'''Environmental survey of the bay / fishing port:'''
http://www.anp.com.uy/licitaciones/publicas/I10/InformeAmbiental.pdf

=== Analysis of program/function ===
* What are the main functional characteristics?
* How have they been expressed or incorporated?

This project involves the construction of a new place for public use that integrates various activity areas such as:

a fishing pier, recreational areas (marina, walkways, swimming pools), commercial areas (a ferry terminal for the Montevideo-Buenos Aires line, a terminal for large international cruises, hotels, offices) and residential areas (in a tower typology).

The project is at an early stage thus the land usage appear as a general zoning.

'''Overview of Project Bay-detail Capurro-Bella Vista'''
http://agenda.montevideo.gub.uy/sites/agenda.montevideo.gub.uy/files/proyecto/archivos/Render_Nocturno_0.jpg
http://agenda.montevideo.gub.uy/proyecto/2324

'''Environmental survey of the bay / fishing port:'''
http://www.anp.com.uy/licitaciones/publicas/I10/InformeAmbiental.pdf

=== Analysis of design/planning process ===
* How was the area/project/plan formulated and implemented?
*Were there any important consultations/collaborations?
The Montevideo plan (Plan Montevideo-POT) in its management report, sets out areas for promotion, within which the Bay has a prominent place. In this case the aim is to promote the recovery of the link between the city and the bay, the densification of the area, enhance residential areas and improve the relationship port-city.

Planning for the city of Montevideo has been present throughout history. The POT (Land Use Plan), Plan Montevideo, 1998 (currently under revision since 2005), was adopted by the Parliament of Montevideo after a process of preparation, evaluation and public consultation in which governments , academics and members of civil society worked. This is a general plan that regulates and structures the actions in the territory. This plan intended to innovate in organization and management tools for planning, understood this as a process that must include citizen participation.

With respect to the regulation framework, the current project integrates various and diverse instruments, included in the POT (Departmental Decree 28242) and complies with the provisions of the Law of territorial planning and sustainable development (National Law 18308). The initiative, as required by law, was presented at three public hearings before being sent by the City Government to the City Parliament for final approval.

POT instruments that are present in this project are:

Special Management Plan (BELLA VISTA-CAPURRO-LA TEJA)

Promotion Area (BAY). They are territorial units with priority for action, with long range projection, combining public and private actors.

Detailed Project (STRIP EDGE-CAPURRO BELLA VISTA), this is an instrument developed by the General Plan, the Special Plans and the Zonal Plans Management.

Action Units (Bella Vista pier). It is a land management tool in urban, rural or suburban potentially developable land, within a defined area that aim to synchronize their implementation through Detailed Projects. In this case, it articulates the installation of the fishing port, residential developments in the coastal strip, public spaces and the connection Capurro Neighbourhood - Capurro Park - Bay.

'''General framework / plan montevideo:'''
http://www.montevideo.gub.uy/sites/default/files/articulo/meminfo.pdf
http://www.montevideo.gub.uy/sites/default/files/articulo/memord.pdf

'''Municipal sanitation plan IV:'''
http://agenda.montevideo.gub.uy/proyecto/1681

=== Analysis of use/users ===
* How is the area/project/plan used and by whom?
* Is the use changing? Are there any issues?

This is an area currently inaccessible and without a clear use. This area is at the same time facing the expansive pressure of the port of Montevideo. It is surrounded by old industrial buildings and others that are still in use such as the oil refinery and a power plant. Both are state-owned.

The closure of these plants, which are sources of contamination does not seem feasible in the short term. That would depend on the change in the country's energy matrix. This process of energy source substitution and energy diversification has already begun but slowly, with the use of biofuels, deployment of wind farms and solar energy, used mainly at home and in hotel buildings.
There are feasibility studies (and three possible locations) and is on the agenda of Montevideo, the construction of a wind farm that would supply energy for all street lighting of the city. This transformation together with the completion of construction of the IV sanitation plan in 2012 would improve significantly the environmental condition of the bay.

The Bahia -Capurro-Bella Vista project proposes new uses (recreational, residential, commercial) in this border and improve the physical conditions for public access to the bay. Increasing biodiversity in the area looks like a difficult goal to achieve because of the high degree of antropization and the intensity of the proposed activities

=== Core Question 2: What is the role of landscape architecture in this project? ===

In this phase of the project, the landscape architecture plays the role of coordinating and builder of an image-logo, a general and synthetic one, that suggests a possible future. This project-image, acts as a general reference and an object of desire, understandable and useful for negotiating with stakeholders, at an early stage.
The landscape architecture has set up the public and recreational priority for this new place.
It has also defined the project basic components that in this case are the platforms, the pier, the docks, the residential towers, and the natural areas, as well as their disposition.
The landscape architecture has to work out the agenda, as well as the key aspects of the project, ie how to integrate the different scales (which are that of the bay, the port infrastructure, that of the automobile, the district and the pedestrian).

=== Image Gallery ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
</gallery>

=== References ===

'''General information on Montevideo / Uruguay'''

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruguay
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruguay
http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruguay

'''Cultural Dimension / Simbolic destruction of Montevideo and its emblematic sites:'''
'''a bit of anger or rage (video clip "Panic attack")'''

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dadPWhEhVk

'''Cultural Dimension / traditional Uruguayan rural landscape: a bit of nostalgia (film "The journey to the sea")'''

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HhJe_34V0JI
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1RFW_u7m2vg&feature=related

'''Planification process in Montevideo:'''
http://www.farq.edu.uy/publicaciones/archivos%20pdf/teoria/montevideo%20proceso%20planificador%20y%20crecimientos%201.pdf

'''Poverty in Uruguay:'''
http://www.ine.gub.uy/biblioteca/pobreza/Estimaciones%20de%20pobreza%20por%20el%20m%E9todo%20del%20ingreso%202009.pdf

'''Overview of Project Bay-detail Capurro-Bella Vista'''
http://agenda.montevideo.gub.uy/proyecto/2324 http://agenda.montevideo.gub.uy/sites/agenda.montevideo.gub.uy/files/proyecto/archivos/Render_Nocturno_0.jpg

'''Environmental survey of the bay / fishing port:'''
http://www.anp.com.uy/licitaciones/publicas/I10/InformeAmbiental.pdf

'''General framework / plan montevideo:'''
http://www.montevideo.gub.uy/sites/default/files/articulo/meminfo.pdf
http://www.montevideo.gub.uy/sites/default/files/articulo/memord.pdf
http://monolitos.montevideo.gub.uy/resoluci.nsf/678a9bb12579e33d03256f000044a0e3/6edffabef6ffe9398325754000504c13?OpenDocument

'''Approval of the project (parliament of Montevideo)'''
http://www.juntamvd.gub.uy/es/comunicados-de-prensa/452-reglamentacion-para-area-prioritaria-muelles-de-bella-vista.html

'''Municipal sanitation plan IV:'''
http://agenda.montevideo.gub.uy/proyecto/1681

'''Recent news relating to the project:'''
http://ladiaria.com/articulo/2010/2/a-todo-vapor/

Case Study Montevideo 3

2010-11-23T05:28:45Z

Recobaa: /* Cultural/social/political context */

---> back to overview of [[Future Landscapes Group 6]]

'''add your case study title''' by ''add authors''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''PROYECTO DE DETALLE BAHÍA - CAPURRO - BELLA VISTA''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Montevideo''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Uruguay''
|-
| '''Office''' || style="background:Lavender"|''IMM_intendencia Municipal de Montevideo-departamento de planificación/coordinator: Arq. Ulises Torrado''
|-
| '''Client''' || style="background:Lavender"|''IMM_Intendencia de Montevideo''
|-
| '''Completion''' || style="background:Lavender"|''not completed/in process''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:MVD_BAY1_biosgroup03.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| <googlemap version="0.9" lat="-34.86" lon="-56.20" type="satellite" zoom="11" width="300" height="250">
</googlemap>
|}

=== Core Question 1: In how far does this project reveal your concept of future landscapes? ===
This project, with all it´s faults , reveals our concept of future landscape in the meaning that it attempts to articulate diverse interests, sometimes conflicting (economic interests and socio-cultural) and different actors (public and private) in order to achieve the common good: that is negotiate for (re)build a public place and an emblematic landscape: Montevideo´s bay, part of our collective heritage, today degraded and submitted to diverse pressures.
What is valued as interesting of this project is not it´s formalization or design (which is preliminary and very general), but what underlies, which is it´s intention of solving contradictions, the channelling of the multiple and opposite interests in a balanced way and also the challenges that faces: the diversity of scales that are at stake, the pollution that should be reverted and the lack of biodiversity.
The landscape of future, in an increasing complexity context, should be constructed on the base of a negotiation with nature (human and not human nature) and from a deep knowledge of our environment with the aim to reach a balanced and sustainable development. That is, landscape should be conceived, even in the smallest actions, as the legacy of our time for the future generations.

== '''Landscape and/or urban context''' ==

'''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics'''

The Montevideo´s bay, the hill and the peninsula that enclose it, are geographical particularities that are closely bound to the origin and development of the city.
Montevideo was founded in 1720 for strategic and military reasons, in the context of territorial disputes between the Portuguese and Spanish Empire. The bay and the peninsula offered perfect natural conditions to establish a port and a defensive device in the entry of the Rio de la Plata river. Montevideo owes its name to the cartographic record of the hill that is next the bay. In these records, this hill was appearing as MONTE VI D/E-O (i.e. the sixth Mount -or hill-, in East – West direction). This hill is right in front of the enclave of the considered project.
The port has been from its foundation and continues still being, a key factor in the development of the city. There, historically, have arrived and have departed, merchant ships, military ships, fishing boats, ships with immigrants, with people brought as slaves from Africa during the XVIII century and with travellers.
The port of Montevideo is nowadays in a process of expansion.
The city, initially fortified, has developed from the peninsula eastward and North on the bay. This happened in successive extensions upon a softly wavy topography, respecting the old colonial roads and by using a reticle as organization device. The reticle (grid), of Greek / Roman inspiration, was widely used by the Spanish empire in the foundation of American cities.
The bay has been affected in his edges by the port and industrial activity. There exist nowadays many facilities of significative size that have been abandoned and are obsolet. It still remains on its edge an oil refinery, that belongs and supplies fuels to the ANCAP company. Several state companies (ANCAP, ANTEL, UTE, ANP) have infrastructure or offices there.
Two streams (Miguelete and Pantanoso) end in the bay. These streams that cross a large part of the city, have been a pollution source with domestic and industrial residues during the second half of the XX century. The bay presents nowadays significant levels of pollution, that are expected to be reverted in the short term, by the completion of the municipal sanitation plan IV.

Nevertheless this, some species adapted to environmental stress, still persist. This includes exotic resistant species, that were brought with the ballast´s water of foreign ships anchored in the port.
The Capurro's zone, in the North-East sector of the bay, near the stream Miguelete, was the place in colony times (XVIII th century) a quarantine place for the people that were brought as slaves from Africa. Later (in XIX century) it was a place of water extraction and a sand source for the ballast of oversea ships. At the beginning of the XXth century (1910) the Capurro park was built as a recreative space with direct access to the bay. This constituted a place of reference to the neighborhood and the the city. At the end of the decade of 1980, due to the construction of the route, the park lost his connection with the bay and devaluated itself.

[[image:Montevideo_bay & hill.jpg]]

== Cultural/social/political context ==

'''Brief explanation of culture, political economy, legal framework'''

Montevideo (1.500.000 inhabitants) is the capital of Uruguay (3.500.000 inhabitants) and is located in south of South America. This country borders Northern and East with Brazil, West with Argentina and South with the Atlantic Ocean.
Culturally, Uruguay is the result of his moderate climate, of his peripherial condition, of his small scale and of the mixture of diverse migratory inflows, principally coming from Spain and Italy and in minor measure from the assimilation of the african population brought as slave during the XVIII century. In the first half of the XIXth century, the native population of these lands was totally exterminated and / or assimilated by the dominant european culture in the process of constitution of the "modern State". During the second half of the XIX century and the first half of the XX century the french model was adopted as reference to institutional and educational level.
Uruguay has a long tradition of democratically elected governments and stable institutions. This tradition was interrupted in two occasions by police and military governments between 1933 and 1938 and more recently between 1973 and 1985.
The economy of the country is based on the export of raw materials, agroindustrial products, food products and services in general. The tourism is increasingly relevant in it´s economy.
Nowadays some of the principal sociocultural challenges that Uruguay faces, are the population aging, the need of improvement of labor opportunities and the levels of income of a major part of the population (the poverty reaches 23 % in the whole country), the improvement of education levels in the context of a highly competitive and technology dependent world, the defense of the natural resources of the country opposite to the investor´s increasing pressures in all areas, the improvement of the environmental monitoring systems, and diversification of the energetic matrix, nowadays dependent for the most part on oil and hydroelectric power.
Uruguay is an independent republic since 1825. It is organized on the national level in three autonomous powers: legislature, executive and judiciary. A territorial decentralization of the power exists also, in turn in local governments that possess a legislative power (Junta Departamental) and an executive power (Intendencia). In local areas (departments) both, the laws and national procedure and the local procedure govern. The before mentioned, are subordinate to the laws, decrees and regulations of national scope. In Montevideo the government of the city (Intendencia de Montevideo, IMM and Junta Departmental) elaborates and approve the plans for the city.

The considered project is a Detailed Project elaborated by the IMM and approved by the Junta Departamental (parliament of Montevideo), framed inside the special plan Bahía-Capurro-Bella Vista-La Teja. The general frame in turn is given by the Plan Montevideo elaborated by the IMM in consultancy with the state University (UDELAR).
The administration of the port activity is a competition of the national government across the ANP (Administración Nacional de Puertos).

'''General information on Montevideo / Uruguay'''

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruguay
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruguay
http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruguay

'''Cultural Dimension / Simbolic destruction of Montevideo and its emblematic sites:'''
'''a bit of anger or rage (video clip "Panic attack")'''

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dadPWhEhVk

'''Cultural Dimension / traditional Uruguayan rural landscape: a bit of nostalgia (film "The journey to the sea")'''

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HhJe_34V0JI
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1RFW_u7m2vg&feature=related

== Spatial analysis of area/project/plan ==

'''What are the main structural features?
How has it been shaped? Were there any critical decisions?'''

The principal structural features of the project are:

A platform constructed on the North-East edge of the bay that articulates public space with productive, recreative and commercial activities.
This platform includes a pier, a coastal walk, office and residential towers that are to the scale of the Montevideo´s bay and hill.
This project implies an environmental previous recovery. The environmental conditions of the bay are expected to be improved significantly with the completion of the municipal sanitation plan IV. (IMM foreseen for 2012).
A critical aspect is the proximity of the oil refinery. Its movement does not seem to be feasible in a short-term, due to the investment needed (the Uruguayan State cannot confront it today) and due to his strategic location near the port and the routes of access to the city. Anyway, the landscape of the bay has much of a industrial landscape and this would be positive if it would not implied certain levels of pollution.
Another critical aspect of this project relates to the articulation of the different involved scales (that is, scale of the bay, scale of the port infrastructures, scale of the cars, scale of the pedestrian). The reference images let see this difficulty.

'''Overview of Project Bay-detail Capurro-Bella Vista'''
http://agenda.montevideo.gub.uy/sites/agenda.montevideo.gub.uy/files/proyecto/archivos/Render_Nocturno_0.jpg
http://agenda.montevideo.gub.uy/proyecto/2324

'''Environmental survey of the bay / fishing port:'''
http://www.anp.com.uy/licitaciones/publicas/I10/InformeAmbiental.pdf

=== Analysis of program/function ===
* What are the main functional characteristics?
* How have they been expressed or incorporated?

This project involves the construction of a new place for public use that integrates various activity areas such as:

a fishing pier, recreational areas (marina, walkways, swimming pools), commercial areas (a ferry terminal for the Montevideo-Buenos Aires line, a terminal for large international cruises, hotels, offices) and residential areas (in a tower typology).

The project is at an early stage thus the land usage appear as a general zoning.

'''Overview of Project Bay-detail Capurro-Bella Vista'''
http://agenda.montevideo.gub.uy/sites/agenda.montevideo.gub.uy/files/proyecto/archivos/Render_Nocturno_0.jpg
http://agenda.montevideo.gub.uy/proyecto/2324

'''Environmental survey of the bay / fishing port:'''
http://www.anp.com.uy/licitaciones/publicas/I10/InformeAmbiental.pdf

=== Analysis of design/planning process ===
* How was the area/project/plan formulated and implemented?
*Were there any important consultations/collaborations?
The Montevideo plan (Plan Montevideo-POT) in its management report, sets out areas for promotion, within which the Bay has a prominent place. In this case the aim is to promote the recovery of the link between the city and the bay, the densification of the area, enhance residential areas and improve the relationship port-city.

Planning for the city of Montevideo has been present throughout history. The POT (Land Use Plan), Plan Montevideo, 1998 (currently under revision since 2005), was adopted by the Parliament of Montevideo after a process of preparation, evaluation and public consultation in which governments , academics and members of civil society worked. This is a general plan that regulates and structures the actions in the territory. This plan intended to innovate in organization and management tools for planning, understood this as a process that must include citizen participation.

With respect to the regulation framework, the current project integrates various and diverse instruments, included in the POT (Departmental Decree 28242) and complies with the provisions of the Law of territorial planning and sustainable development (National Law 18308). The initiative, as required by law, was presented at three public hearings before being sent by the City Government to the City Parliament for final approval.

POT instruments that are present in this project are:

Special Management Plan (BELLA VISTA-CAPURRO-LA TEJA)

Promotion Area (BAY). They are territorial units with priority for action, with long range projection, combining public and private actors.

Detailed Project (STRIP EDGE-CAPURRO BELLA VISTA), this is an instrument developed by the General Plan, the Special Plans and the Zonal Plans Management.

Action Units (Bella Vista pier). It is a land management tool in urban, rural or suburban potentially developable land, within a defined area that aim to synchronize their implementation through Detailed Projects. In this case, it articulates the installation of the fishing port, residential developments in the coastal strip, public spaces and the connection Capurro Neighbourhood - Capurro Park - Bay.

=== Analysis of use/users ===
* How is the area/project/plan used and by whom?
* Is the use changing? Are there any issues?

This is an area currently inaccessible and without a clear use. This area is at the same time facing the expansive pressure of the port of Montevideo. It is surrounded by old industrial buildings and others that are still in use such as the oil refinery and a power plant. Both are state-owned.

The closure of these plants, which are sources of contamination does not seem feasible in the short term. That would depend on the change in the country's energy matrix. This process of energy source substitution and energy diversification has already begun but slowly, with the use of biofuels, deployment of wind farms and solar energy, used mainly at home and in hotel buildings.
There are feasibility studies (and three possible locations) and is on the agenda of Montevideo, the construction of a wind farm that would supply energy for all street lighting of the city. This transformation together with the completion of construction of the IV sanitation plan in 2012 would improve significantly the environmental condition of the bay.

The Bahia -Capurro-Bella Vista project proposes new uses (recreational, residential, commercial) in this border and improve the physical conditions for public access to the bay. Increasing biodiversity in the area looks like a difficult goal to achieve because of the high degree of antropization and the intensity of the proposed activities

=== Core Question 2: What is the role of landscape architecture in this project? ===

In this phase of the project, the landscape architecture plays the role of coordinating and builder of an image-logo, a general and synthetic one, that suggests a possible future. This project-image, acts as a general reference and an object of desire, understandable and useful for negotiating with stakeholders, at an early stage.
The landscape architecture has set up the public and recreational priority for this new place.
It has also defined the project basic components that in this case are the platforms, the pier, the docks, the residential towers, and the natural areas, as well as their disposition.
The landscape architecture has to work out the agenda, as well as the key aspects of the project, ie how to integrate the different scales (which are that of the bay, the port infrastructure, that of the automobile, the district and the pedestrian).

=== Image Gallery ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
</gallery>

=== References ===

'''General information on Montevideo / Uruguay'''

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruguay
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruguay
http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruguay

'''Cultural Dimension / Simbolic destruction of Montevideo and its emblematic sites:'''
'''a bit of anger or rage (video clip "Panic attack")'''

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dadPWhEhVk

'''Cultural Dimension / traditional Uruguayan rural landscape: a bit of nostalgia (film "The journey to the sea")'''

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HhJe_34V0JI
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1RFW_u7m2vg&feature=related

'''Planification process in Montevideo:'''
http://www.farq.edu.uy/publicaciones/archivos%20pdf/teoria/montevideo%20proceso%20planificador%20y%20crecimientos%201.pdf

'''Poverty in Uruguay:'''
http://www.ine.gub.uy/biblioteca/pobreza/Estimaciones%20de%20pobreza%20por%20el%20m%E9todo%20del%20ingreso%202009.pdf

'''Overview of Project Bay-detail Capurro-Bella Vista'''
http://agenda.montevideo.gub.uy/proyecto/2324 http://agenda.montevideo.gub.uy/sites/agenda.montevideo.gub.uy/files/proyecto/archivos/Render_Nocturno_0.jpg

'''Environmental survey of the bay / fishing port:'''
http://www.anp.com.uy/licitaciones/publicas/I10/InformeAmbiental.pdf

'''General framework / plan montevideo:'''
http://www.montevideo.gub.uy/sites/default/files/articulo/meminfo.pdf
http://www.montevideo.gub.uy/sites/default/files/articulo/memord.pdf
http://monolitos.montevideo.gub.uy/resoluci.nsf/678a9bb12579e33d03256f000044a0e3/6edffabef6ffe9398325754000504c13?OpenDocument

'''Approval of the project (parliament of Montevideo)'''
http://www.juntamvd.gub.uy/es/comunicados-de-prensa/452-reglamentacion-para-area-prioritaria-muelles-de-bella-vista.html

'''Municipal sanitation plan IV:'''
http://agenda.montevideo.gub.uy/proyecto/1681

'''Recent news relating to the project:'''
http://ladiaria.com/articulo/2010/2/a-todo-vapor/

Case Study Montevideo 3

2010-11-23T05:26:48Z

Recobaa: /* Spatial analysis of area/project/plan */

---> back to overview of [[Future Landscapes Group 6]]

'''add your case study title''' by ''add authors''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''PROYECTO DE DETALLE BAHÍA - CAPURRO - BELLA VISTA''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Montevideo''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Uruguay''
|-
| '''Office''' || style="background:Lavender"|''IMM_intendencia Municipal de Montevideo-departamento de planificación/coordinator: Arq. Ulises Torrado''
|-
| '''Client''' || style="background:Lavender"|''IMM_Intendencia de Montevideo''
|-
| '''Completion''' || style="background:Lavender"|''not completed/in process''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:MVD_BAY1_biosgroup03.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| <googlemap version="0.9" lat="-34.86" lon="-56.20" type="satellite" zoom="11" width="300" height="250">
</googlemap>
|}

=== Core Question 1: In how far does this project reveal your concept of future landscapes? ===
This project, with all it´s faults , reveals our concept of future landscape in the meaning that it attempts to articulate diverse interests, sometimes conflicting (economic interests and socio-cultural) and different actors (public and private) in order to achieve the common good: that is negotiate for (re)build a public place and an emblematic landscape: Montevideo´s bay, part of our collective heritage, today degraded and submitted to diverse pressures.
What is valued as interesting of this project is not it´s formalization or design (which is preliminary and very general), but what underlies, which is it´s intention of solving contradictions, the channelling of the multiple and opposite interests in a balanced way and also the challenges that faces: the diversity of scales that are at stake, the pollution that should be reverted and the lack of biodiversity.
The landscape of future, in an increasing complexity context, should be constructed on the base of a negotiation with nature (human and not human nature) and from a deep knowledge of our environment with the aim to reach a balanced and sustainable development. That is, landscape should be conceived, even in the smallest actions, as the legacy of our time for the future generations.

== '''Landscape and/or urban context''' ==

'''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics'''

The Montevideo´s bay, the hill and the peninsula that enclose it, are geographical particularities that are closely bound to the origin and development of the city.
Montevideo was founded in 1720 for strategic and military reasons, in the context of territorial disputes between the Portuguese and Spanish Empire. The bay and the peninsula offered perfect natural conditions to establish a port and a defensive device in the entry of the Rio de la Plata river. Montevideo owes its name to the cartographic record of the hill that is next the bay. In these records, this hill was appearing as MONTE VI D/E-O (i.e. the sixth Mount -or hill-, in East – West direction). This hill is right in front of the enclave of the considered project.
The port has been from its foundation and continues still being, a key factor in the development of the city. There, historically, have arrived and have departed, merchant ships, military ships, fishing boats, ships with immigrants, with people brought as slaves from Africa during the XVIII century and with travellers.
The port of Montevideo is nowadays in a process of expansion.
The city, initially fortified, has developed from the peninsula eastward and North on the bay. This happened in successive extensions upon a softly wavy topography, respecting the old colonial roads and by using a reticle as organization device. The reticle (grid), of Greek / Roman inspiration, was widely used by the Spanish empire in the foundation of American cities.
The bay has been affected in his edges by the port and industrial activity. There exist nowadays many facilities of significative size that have been abandoned and are obsolet. It still remains on its edge an oil refinery, that belongs and supplies fuels to the ANCAP company. Several state companies (ANCAP, ANTEL, UTE, ANP) have infrastructure or offices there.
Two streams (Miguelete and Pantanoso) end in the bay. These streams that cross a large part of the city, have been a pollution source with domestic and industrial residues during the second half of the XX century. The bay presents nowadays significant levels of pollution, that are expected to be reverted in the short term, by the completion of the municipal sanitation plan IV.

Nevertheless this, some species adapted to environmental stress, still persist. This includes exotic resistant species, that were brought with the ballast´s water of foreign ships anchored in the port.
The Capurro's zone, in the North-East sector of the bay, near the stream Miguelete, was the place in colony times (XVIII th century) a quarantine place for the people that were brought as slaves from Africa. Later (in XIX century) it was a place of water extraction and a sand source for the ballast of oversea ships. At the beginning of the XXth century (1910) the Capurro park was built as a recreative space with direct access to the bay. This constituted a place of reference to the neighborhood and the the city. At the end of the decade of 1980, due to the construction of the route, the park lost his connection with the bay and devaluated itself.

[[image:Montevideo_bay & hill.jpg]]

== Cultural/social/political context ==

'''Brief explanation of culture, political economy, legal framework'''

Montevideo (1.500.000 inhabitants) is the capital of Uruguay (3.500.000 inhabitants) and is located in south of South America. This country borders Northern and East with Brazil, West with Argentina and South with the Atlantic Ocean.
Culturally, Uruguay is the result of his moderate climate, of his peripherial condition, of his small scale and of the mixture of diverse migratory inflows, principally coming from Spain and Italy and in minor measure from the assimilation of the african population brought as slave during the XVIII century. In the first half of the XIXth century, the native population of these lands was totally exterminated and / or assimilated by the dominant european culture in the process of constitution of the "modern State". During the second half of the XIX century and the first half of the XX century the french model was adopted as reference to institutional and educational level.
Uruguay has a long tradition of democratically elected governments and stable institutions. This tradition was interrupted in two occasions by police and military governments between 1933 and 1938 and more recently between 1973 and 1985.
The economy of the country is based on the export of raw materials, agroindustrial products, food products and services in general. The tourism is increasingly relevant in it´s economy.
Nowadays some of the principal sociocultural challenges that Uruguay faces, are the population aging, the need of improvement of labor opportunities and the levels of income of a major part of the population (the poverty reaches 23 % in the whole country), the improvement of education levels in the context of a highly competitive and technology dependent world, the defense of the natural resources of the country opposite to the investor´s increasing pressures in all areas, the improvement of the environmental monitoring systems, and diversification of the energetic matrix, nowadays dependent for the most part on oil and hydroelectric power.
Uruguay is an independent republic since 1825. It is organized on the national level in three autonomous powers: legislature, executive and judiciary. A territorial decentralization of the power exists also, in turn in local governments that possess a legislative power (Junta Departamental) and an executive power (Intendencia). In local areas (departments) both, the laws and national procedure and the local procedure govern. The before mentioned, are subordinate to the laws, decrees and regulations of national scope. In Montevideo the government of the city (Intendencia de Montevideo, IMM and Junta Departmental) elaborates and approve the plans for the city.

The considered project is a Detailed Project elaborated by the IMM and approved by the Junta Departamental (parliament of Montevideo), framed inside the special plan Bahía-Capurro-Bella Vista-La Teja. The general frame in turn is given by the Plan Montevideo elaborated by the IMM in consultancy with the state University (UDELAR).
The administration of the port activity is a competition of the national government across the ANP (Administración Nacional de Puertos).

== Spatial analysis of area/project/plan ==

'''What are the main structural features?
How has it been shaped? Were there any critical decisions?'''

The principal structural features of the project are:

A platform constructed on the North-East edge of the bay that articulates public space with productive, recreative and commercial activities.
This platform includes a pier, a coastal walk, office and residential towers that are to the scale of the Montevideo´s bay and hill.
This project implies an environmental previous recovery. The environmental conditions of the bay are expected to be improved significantly with the completion of the municipal sanitation plan IV. (IMM foreseen for 2012).
A critical aspect is the proximity of the oil refinery. Its movement does not seem to be feasible in a short-term, due to the investment needed (the Uruguayan State cannot confront it today) and due to his strategic location near the port and the routes of access to the city. Anyway, the landscape of the bay has much of a industrial landscape and this would be positive if it would not implied certain levels of pollution.
Another critical aspect of this project relates to the articulation of the different involved scales (that is, scale of the bay, scale of the port infrastructures, scale of the cars, scale of the pedestrian). The reference images let see this difficulty.

'''Overview of Project Bay-detail Capurro-Bella Vista'''
http://agenda.montevideo.gub.uy/sites/agenda.montevideo.gub.uy/files/proyecto/archivos/Render_Nocturno_0.jpg
http://agenda.montevideo.gub.uy/proyecto/2324

'''Environmental survey of the bay / fishing port:'''
http://www.anp.com.uy/licitaciones/publicas/I10/InformeAmbiental.pdf

=== Analysis of program/function ===
* What are the main functional characteristics?
* How have they been expressed or incorporated?

This project involves the construction of a new place for public use that integrates various activity areas such as:

a fishing pier, recreational areas (marina, walkways, swimming pools), commercial areas (a ferry terminal for the Montevideo-Buenos Aires line, a terminal for large international cruises, hotels, offices) and residential areas (in a tower typology).

The project is at an early stage thus the land usage appear as a general zoning.

'''Overview of Project Bay-detail Capurro-Bella Vista'''
http://agenda.montevideo.gub.uy/sites/agenda.montevideo.gub.uy/files/proyecto/archivos/Render_Nocturno_0.jpg
http://agenda.montevideo.gub.uy/proyecto/2324

'''Environmental survey of the bay / fishing port:'''
http://www.anp.com.uy/licitaciones/publicas/I10/InformeAmbiental.pdf

=== Analysis of design/planning process ===
* How was the area/project/plan formulated and implemented?
*Were there any important consultations/collaborations?
The Montevideo plan (Plan Montevideo-POT) in its management report, sets out areas for promotion, within which the Bay has a prominent place. In this case the aim is to promote the recovery of the link between the city and the bay, the densification of the area, enhance residential areas and improve the relationship port-city.

Planning for the city of Montevideo has been present throughout history. The POT (Land Use Plan), Plan Montevideo, 1998 (currently under revision since 2005), was adopted by the Parliament of Montevideo after a process of preparation, evaluation and public consultation in which governments , academics and members of civil society worked. This is a general plan that regulates and structures the actions in the territory. This plan intended to innovate in organization and management tools for planning, understood this as a process that must include citizen participation.

With respect to the regulation framework, the current project integrates various and diverse instruments, included in the POT (Departmental Decree 28242) and complies with the provisions of the Law of territorial planning and sustainable development (National Law 18308). The initiative, as required by law, was presented at three public hearings before being sent by the City Government to the City Parliament for final approval.

POT instruments that are present in this project are:

Special Management Plan (BELLA VISTA-CAPURRO-LA TEJA)

Promotion Area (BAY). They are territorial units with priority for action, with long range projection, combining public and private actors.

Detailed Project (STRIP EDGE-CAPURRO BELLA VISTA), this is an instrument developed by the General Plan, the Special Plans and the Zonal Plans Management.

Action Units (Bella Vista pier). It is a land management tool in urban, rural or suburban potentially developable land, within a defined area that aim to synchronize their implementation through Detailed Projects. In this case, it articulates the installation of the fishing port, residential developments in the coastal strip, public spaces and the connection Capurro Neighbourhood - Capurro Park - Bay.

=== Analysis of use/users ===
* How is the area/project/plan used and by whom?
* Is the use changing? Are there any issues?

This is an area currently inaccessible and without a clear use. This area is at the same time facing the expansive pressure of the port of Montevideo. It is surrounded by old industrial buildings and others that are still in use such as the oil refinery and a power plant. Both are state-owned.

The closure of these plants, which are sources of contamination does not seem feasible in the short term. That would depend on the change in the country's energy matrix. This process of energy source substitution and energy diversification has already begun but slowly, with the use of biofuels, deployment of wind farms and solar energy, used mainly at home and in hotel buildings.
There are feasibility studies (and three possible locations) and is on the agenda of Montevideo, the construction of a wind farm that would supply energy for all street lighting of the city. This transformation together with the completion of construction of the IV sanitation plan in 2012 would improve significantly the environmental condition of the bay.

The Bahia -Capurro-Bella Vista project proposes new uses (recreational, residential, commercial) in this border and improve the physical conditions for public access to the bay. Increasing biodiversity in the area looks like a difficult goal to achieve because of the high degree of antropization and the intensity of the proposed activities

=== Core Question 2: What is the role of landscape architecture in this project? ===

In this phase of the project, the landscape architecture plays the role of coordinating and builder of an image-logo, a general and synthetic one, that suggests a possible future. This project-image, acts as a general reference and an object of desire, understandable and useful for negotiating with stakeholders, at an early stage.
The landscape architecture has set up the public and recreational priority for this new place.
It has also defined the project basic components that in this case are the platforms, the pier, the docks, the residential towers, and the natural areas, as well as their disposition.
The landscape architecture has to work out the agenda, as well as the key aspects of the project, ie how to integrate the different scales (which are that of the bay, the port infrastructure, that of the automobile, the district and the pedestrian).

=== Image Gallery ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
</gallery>

=== References ===

'''General information on Montevideo / Uruguay'''

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruguay
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruguay
http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruguay

'''Cultural Dimension / Simbolic destruction of Montevideo and its emblematic sites:'''
'''a bit of anger or rage (video clip "Panic attack")'''

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dadPWhEhVk

'''Cultural Dimension / traditional Uruguayan rural landscape: a bit of nostalgia (film "The journey to the sea")'''

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HhJe_34V0JI
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1RFW_u7m2vg&feature=related

'''Planification process in Montevideo:'''
http://www.farq.edu.uy/publicaciones/archivos%20pdf/teoria/montevideo%20proceso%20planificador%20y%20crecimientos%201.pdf

'''Poverty in Uruguay:'''
http://www.ine.gub.uy/biblioteca/pobreza/Estimaciones%20de%20pobreza%20por%20el%20m%E9todo%20del%20ingreso%202009.pdf

'''Overview of Project Bay-detail Capurro-Bella Vista'''
http://agenda.montevideo.gub.uy/proyecto/2324 http://agenda.montevideo.gub.uy/sites/agenda.montevideo.gub.uy/files/proyecto/archivos/Render_Nocturno_0.jpg

'''Environmental survey of the bay / fishing port:'''
http://www.anp.com.uy/licitaciones/publicas/I10/InformeAmbiental.pdf

'''General framework / plan montevideo:'''
http://www.montevideo.gub.uy/sites/default/files/articulo/meminfo.pdf
http://www.montevideo.gub.uy/sites/default/files/articulo/memord.pdf
http://monolitos.montevideo.gub.uy/resoluci.nsf/678a9bb12579e33d03256f000044a0e3/6edffabef6ffe9398325754000504c13?OpenDocument

'''Approval of the project (parliament of Montevideo)'''
http://www.juntamvd.gub.uy/es/comunicados-de-prensa/452-reglamentacion-para-area-prioritaria-muelles-de-bella-vista.html

'''Municipal sanitation plan IV:'''
http://agenda.montevideo.gub.uy/proyecto/1681

'''Recent news relating to the project:'''
http://ladiaria.com/articulo/2010/2/a-todo-vapor/

Case Study Montevideo 3

2010-11-23T05:21:57Z

Recobaa: /* Analysis of program/function */

---> back to overview of [[Future Landscapes Group 6]]

'''add your case study title''' by ''add authors''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''PROYECTO DE DETALLE BAHÍA - CAPURRO - BELLA VISTA''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Montevideo''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Uruguay''
|-
| '''Office''' || style="background:Lavender"|''IMM_intendencia Municipal de Montevideo-departamento de planificación/coordinator: Arq. Ulises Torrado''
|-
| '''Client''' || style="background:Lavender"|''IMM_Intendencia de Montevideo''
|-
| '''Completion''' || style="background:Lavender"|''not completed/in process''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:MVD_BAY1_biosgroup03.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| <googlemap version="0.9" lat="-34.86" lon="-56.20" type="satellite" zoom="11" width="300" height="250">
</googlemap>
|}

=== Core Question 1: In how far does this project reveal your concept of future landscapes? ===
This project, with all it´s faults , reveals our concept of future landscape in the meaning that it attempts to articulate diverse interests, sometimes conflicting (economic interests and socio-cultural) and different actors (public and private) in order to achieve the common good: that is negotiate for (re)build a public place and an emblematic landscape: Montevideo´s bay, part of our collective heritage, today degraded and submitted to diverse pressures.
What is valued as interesting of this project is not it´s formalization or design (which is preliminary and very general), but what underlies, which is it´s intention of solving contradictions, the channelling of the multiple and opposite interests in a balanced way and also the challenges that faces: the diversity of scales that are at stake, the pollution that should be reverted and the lack of biodiversity.
The landscape of future, in an increasing complexity context, should be constructed on the base of a negotiation with nature (human and not human nature) and from a deep knowledge of our environment with the aim to reach a balanced and sustainable development. That is, landscape should be conceived, even in the smallest actions, as the legacy of our time for the future generations.

== '''Landscape and/or urban context''' ==

'''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics'''

The Montevideo´s bay, the hill and the peninsula that enclose it, are geographical particularities that are closely bound to the origin and development of the city.
Montevideo was founded in 1720 for strategic and military reasons, in the context of territorial disputes between the Portuguese and Spanish Empire. The bay and the peninsula offered perfect natural conditions to establish a port and a defensive device in the entry of the Rio de la Plata river. Montevideo owes its name to the cartographic record of the hill that is next the bay. In these records, this hill was appearing as MONTE VI D/E-O (i.e. the sixth Mount -or hill-, in East – West direction). This hill is right in front of the enclave of the considered project.
The port has been from its foundation and continues still being, a key factor in the development of the city. There, historically, have arrived and have departed, merchant ships, military ships, fishing boats, ships with immigrants, with people brought as slaves from Africa during the XVIII century and with travellers.
The port of Montevideo is nowadays in a process of expansion.
The city, initially fortified, has developed from the peninsula eastward and North on the bay. This happened in successive extensions upon a softly wavy topography, respecting the old colonial roads and by using a reticle as organization device. The reticle (grid), of Greek / Roman inspiration, was widely used by the Spanish empire in the foundation of American cities.
The bay has been affected in his edges by the port and industrial activity. There exist nowadays many facilities of significative size that have been abandoned and are obsolet. It still remains on its edge an oil refinery, that belongs and supplies fuels to the ANCAP company. Several state companies (ANCAP, ANTEL, UTE, ANP) have infrastructure or offices there.
Two streams (Miguelete and Pantanoso) end in the bay. These streams that cross a large part of the city, have been a pollution source with domestic and industrial residues during the second half of the XX century. The bay presents nowadays significant levels of pollution, that are expected to be reverted in the short term, by the completion of the municipal sanitation plan IV.

Nevertheless this, some species adapted to environmental stress, still persist. This includes exotic resistant species, that were brought with the ballast´s water of foreign ships anchored in the port.
The Capurro's zone, in the North-East sector of the bay, near the stream Miguelete, was the place in colony times (XVIII th century) a quarantine place for the people that were brought as slaves from Africa. Later (in XIX century) it was a place of water extraction and a sand source for the ballast of oversea ships. At the beginning of the XXth century (1910) the Capurro park was built as a recreative space with direct access to the bay. This constituted a place of reference to the neighborhood and the the city. At the end of the decade of 1980, due to the construction of the route, the park lost his connection with the bay and devaluated itself.

[[image:Montevideo_bay & hill.jpg]]

== Cultural/social/political context ==

'''Brief explanation of culture, political economy, legal framework'''

Montevideo (1.500.000 inhabitants) is the capital of Uruguay (3.500.000 inhabitants) and is located in south of South America. This country borders Northern and East with Brazil, West with Argentina and South with the Atlantic Ocean.
Culturally, Uruguay is the result of his moderate climate, of his peripherial condition, of his small scale and of the mixture of diverse migratory inflows, principally coming from Spain and Italy and in minor measure from the assimilation of the african population brought as slave during the XVIII century. In the first half of the XIXth century, the native population of these lands was totally exterminated and / or assimilated by the dominant european culture in the process of constitution of the "modern State". During the second half of the XIX century and the first half of the XX century the french model was adopted as reference to institutional and educational level.
Uruguay has a long tradition of democratically elected governments and stable institutions. This tradition was interrupted in two occasions by police and military governments between 1933 and 1938 and more recently between 1973 and 1985.
The economy of the country is based on the export of raw materials, agroindustrial products, food products and services in general. The tourism is increasingly relevant in it´s economy.
Nowadays some of the principal sociocultural challenges that Uruguay faces, are the population aging, the need of improvement of labor opportunities and the levels of income of a major part of the population (the poverty reaches 23 % in the whole country), the improvement of education levels in the context of a highly competitive and technology dependent world, the defense of the natural resources of the country opposite to the investor´s increasing pressures in all areas, the improvement of the environmental monitoring systems, and diversification of the energetic matrix, nowadays dependent for the most part on oil and hydroelectric power.
Uruguay is an independent republic since 1825. It is organized on the national level in three autonomous powers: legislature, executive and judiciary. A territorial decentralization of the power exists also, in turn in local governments that possess a legislative power (Junta Departamental) and an executive power (Intendencia). In local areas (departments) both, the laws and national procedure and the local procedure govern. The before mentioned, are subordinate to the laws, decrees and regulations of national scope. In Montevideo the government of the city (Intendencia de Montevideo, IMM and Junta Departmental) elaborates and approve the plans for the city.

The considered project is a Detailed Project elaborated by the IMM and approved by the Junta Departamental (parliament of Montevideo), framed inside the special plan Bahía-Capurro-Bella Vista-La Teja. The general frame in turn is given by the Plan Montevideo elaborated by the IMM in consultancy with the state University (UDELAR).
The administration of the port activity is a competition of the national government across the ANP (Administración Nacional de Puertos).

== Spatial analysis of area/project/plan ==

'''What are the main structural features?
How has it been shaped? Were there any critical decisions?'''

The principal structural features of the project are:

A platform constructed on the North-East edge of the bay that articulates public space with productive, recreative and commercial activities.
This platform includes a pier, a coastal walk, office and residential towers that are to the scale of the Montevideo´s bay and hill.
This project implies an environmental previous recovery. The environmental conditions of the bay are expected to be improved significantly with the completion of the municipal sanitation plan IV. (IMM foreseen for 2012).
A critical aspect is the proximity of the oil refinery. Its movement does not seem to be feasible in a short-term, due to the investment needed (the Uruguayan State cannot confront it today) and due to his strategic location near the port and the routes of access to the city. Anyway, the landscape of the bay has much of a industrial landscape and this would be positive if it would not implied certain levels of pollution.
Another critical aspect of this project relates to the articulation of the different involved scales (that is, scale of the bay, scale of the port infrastructures, scale of the cars, scale of the pedestrian). The reference images let see this difficulty.

=== Analysis of program/function ===
* What are the main functional characteristics?
* How have they been expressed or incorporated?

This project involves the construction of a new place for public use that integrates various activity areas such as:

a fishing pier, recreational areas (marina, walkways, swimming pools), commercial areas (a ferry terminal for the Montevideo-Buenos Aires line, a terminal for large international cruises, hotels, offices) and residential areas (in a tower typology).

The project is at an early stage thus the land usage appear as a general zoning.

'''Overview of Project Bay-detail Capurro-Bella Vista'''
http://agenda.montevideo.gub.uy/sites/agenda.montevideo.gub.uy/files/proyecto/archivos/Render_Nocturno_0.jpg
http://agenda.montevideo.gub.uy/proyecto/2324

'''Environmental survey of the bay / fishing port:'''
http://www.anp.com.uy/licitaciones/publicas/I10/InformeAmbiental.pdf

=== Analysis of design/planning process ===
* How was the area/project/plan formulated and implemented?
*Were there any important consultations/collaborations?
The Montevideo plan (Plan Montevideo-POT) in its management report, sets out areas for promotion, within which the Bay has a prominent place. In this case the aim is to promote the recovery of the link between the city and the bay, the densification of the area, enhance residential areas and improve the relationship port-city.

Planning for the city of Montevideo has been present throughout history. The POT (Land Use Plan), Plan Montevideo, 1998 (currently under revision since 2005), was adopted by the Parliament of Montevideo after a process of preparation, evaluation and public consultation in which governments , academics and members of civil society worked. This is a general plan that regulates and structures the actions in the territory. This plan intended to innovate in organization and management tools for planning, understood this as a process that must include citizen participation.

With respect to the regulation framework, the current project integrates various and diverse instruments, included in the POT (Departmental Decree 28242) and complies with the provisions of the Law of territorial planning and sustainable development (National Law 18308). The initiative, as required by law, was presented at three public hearings before being sent by the City Government to the City Parliament for final approval.

POT instruments that are present in this project are:

Special Management Plan (BELLA VISTA-CAPURRO-LA TEJA)

Promotion Area (BAY). They are territorial units with priority for action, with long range projection, combining public and private actors.

Detailed Project (STRIP EDGE-CAPURRO BELLA VISTA), this is an instrument developed by the General Plan, the Special Plans and the Zonal Plans Management.

Action Units (Bella Vista pier). It is a land management tool in urban, rural or suburban potentially developable land, within a defined area that aim to synchronize their implementation through Detailed Projects. In this case, it articulates the installation of the fishing port, residential developments in the coastal strip, public spaces and the connection Capurro Neighbourhood - Capurro Park - Bay.

=== Analysis of use/users ===
* How is the area/project/plan used and by whom?
* Is the use changing? Are there any issues?

This is an area currently inaccessible and without a clear use. This area is at the same time facing the expansive pressure of the port of Montevideo. It is surrounded by old industrial buildings and others that are still in use such as the oil refinery and a power plant. Both are state-owned.

The closure of these plants, which are sources of contamination does not seem feasible in the short term. That would depend on the change in the country's energy matrix. This process of energy source substitution and energy diversification has already begun but slowly, with the use of biofuels, deployment of wind farms and solar energy, used mainly at home and in hotel buildings.
There are feasibility studies (and three possible locations) and is on the agenda of Montevideo, the construction of a wind farm that would supply energy for all street lighting of the city. This transformation together with the completion of construction of the IV sanitation plan in 2012 would improve significantly the environmental condition of the bay.

The Bahia -Capurro-Bella Vista project proposes new uses (recreational, residential, commercial) in this border and improve the physical conditions for public access to the bay. Increasing biodiversity in the area looks like a difficult goal to achieve because of the high degree of antropization and the intensity of the proposed activities

=== Core Question 2: What is the role of landscape architecture in this project? ===

In this phase of the project, the landscape architecture plays the role of coordinating and builder of an image-logo, a general and synthetic one, that suggests a possible future. This project-image, acts as a general reference and an object of desire, understandable and useful for negotiating with stakeholders, at an early stage.
The landscape architecture has set up the public and recreational priority for this new place.
It has also defined the project basic components that in this case are the platforms, the pier, the docks, the residential towers, and the natural areas, as well as their disposition.
The landscape architecture has to work out the agenda, as well as the key aspects of the project, ie how to integrate the different scales (which are that of the bay, the port infrastructure, that of the automobile, the district and the pedestrian).

=== Image Gallery ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
</gallery>

=== References ===

'''General information on Montevideo / Uruguay'''

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruguay
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruguay
http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruguay

'''Cultural Dimension / Simbolic destruction of Montevideo and its emblematic sites:'''
'''a bit of anger or rage (video clip "Panic attack")'''

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dadPWhEhVk

'''Cultural Dimension / traditional Uruguayan rural landscape: a bit of nostalgia (film "The journey to the sea")'''

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HhJe_34V0JI
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1RFW_u7m2vg&feature=related

'''Planification process in Montevideo:'''
http://www.farq.edu.uy/publicaciones/archivos%20pdf/teoria/montevideo%20proceso%20planificador%20y%20crecimientos%201.pdf

'''Poverty in Uruguay:'''
http://www.ine.gub.uy/biblioteca/pobreza/Estimaciones%20de%20pobreza%20por%20el%20m%E9todo%20del%20ingreso%202009.pdf

'''Overview of Project Bay-detail Capurro-Bella Vista'''
http://agenda.montevideo.gub.uy/proyecto/2324 http://agenda.montevideo.gub.uy/sites/agenda.montevideo.gub.uy/files/proyecto/archivos/Render_Nocturno_0.jpg

'''Environmental survey of the bay / fishing port:'''
http://www.anp.com.uy/licitaciones/publicas/I10/InformeAmbiental.pdf

'''General framework / plan montevideo:'''
http://www.montevideo.gub.uy/sites/default/files/articulo/meminfo.pdf
http://www.montevideo.gub.uy/sites/default/files/articulo/memord.pdf
http://monolitos.montevideo.gub.uy/resoluci.nsf/678a9bb12579e33d03256f000044a0e3/6edffabef6ffe9398325754000504c13?OpenDocument

'''Approval of the project (parliament of Montevideo)'''
http://www.juntamvd.gub.uy/es/comunicados-de-prensa/452-reglamentacion-para-area-prioritaria-muelles-de-bella-vista.html

'''Municipal sanitation plan IV:'''
http://agenda.montevideo.gub.uy/proyecto/1681

'''Recent news relating to the project:'''
http://ladiaria.com/articulo/2010/2/a-todo-vapor/

Case Study Montevideo 3

2010-11-23T05:19:10Z

Recobaa: /* Analysis of program/function */

---> back to overview of [[Future Landscapes Group 6]]

'''add your case study title''' by ''add authors''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''PROYECTO DE DETALLE BAHÍA - CAPURRO - BELLA VISTA''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Montevideo''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Uruguay''
|-
| '''Office''' || style="background:Lavender"|''IMM_intendencia Municipal de Montevideo-departamento de planificación/coordinator: Arq. Ulises Torrado''
|-
| '''Client''' || style="background:Lavender"|''IMM_Intendencia de Montevideo''
|-
| '''Completion''' || style="background:Lavender"|''not completed/in process''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:MVD_BAY1_biosgroup03.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| <googlemap version="0.9" lat="-34.86" lon="-56.20" type="satellite" zoom="11" width="300" height="250">
</googlemap>
|}

=== Core Question 1: In how far does this project reveal your concept of future landscapes? ===
This project, with all it´s faults , reveals our concept of future landscape in the meaning that it attempts to articulate diverse interests, sometimes conflicting (economic interests and socio-cultural) and different actors (public and private) in order to achieve the common good: that is negotiate for (re)build a public place and an emblematic landscape: Montevideo´s bay, part of our collective heritage, today degraded and submitted to diverse pressures.
What is valued as interesting of this project is not it´s formalization or design (which is preliminary and very general), but what underlies, which is it´s intention of solving contradictions, the channelling of the multiple and opposite interests in a balanced way and also the challenges that faces: the diversity of scales that are at stake, the pollution that should be reverted and the lack of biodiversity.
The landscape of future, in an increasing complexity context, should be constructed on the base of a negotiation with nature (human and not human nature) and from a deep knowledge of our environment with the aim to reach a balanced and sustainable development. That is, landscape should be conceived, even in the smallest actions, as the legacy of our time for the future generations.

== '''Landscape and/or urban context''' ==

'''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics'''

The Montevideo´s bay, the hill and the peninsula that enclose it, are geographical particularities that are closely bound to the origin and development of the city.
Montevideo was founded in 1720 for strategic and military reasons, in the context of territorial disputes between the Portuguese and Spanish Empire. The bay and the peninsula offered perfect natural conditions to establish a port and a defensive device in the entry of the Rio de la Plata river. Montevideo owes its name to the cartographic record of the hill that is next the bay. In these records, this hill was appearing as MONTE VI D/E-O (i.e. the sixth Mount -or hill-, in East – West direction). This hill is right in front of the enclave of the considered project.
The port has been from its foundation and continues still being, a key factor in the development of the city. There, historically, have arrived and have departed, merchant ships, military ships, fishing boats, ships with immigrants, with people brought as slaves from Africa during the XVIII century and with travellers.
The port of Montevideo is nowadays in a process of expansion.
The city, initially fortified, has developed from the peninsula eastward and North on the bay. This happened in successive extensions upon a softly wavy topography, respecting the old colonial roads and by using a reticle as organization device. The reticle (grid), of Greek / Roman inspiration, was widely used by the Spanish empire in the foundation of American cities.
The bay has been affected in his edges by the port and industrial activity. There exist nowadays many facilities of significative size that have been abandoned and are obsolet. It still remains on its edge an oil refinery, that belongs and supplies fuels to the ANCAP company. Several state companies (ANCAP, ANTEL, UTE, ANP) have infrastructure or offices there.
Two streams (Miguelete and Pantanoso) end in the bay. These streams that cross a large part of the city, have been a pollution source with domestic and industrial residues during the second half of the XX century. The bay presents nowadays significant levels of pollution, that are expected to be reverted in the short term, by the completion of the municipal sanitation plan IV.

Nevertheless this, some species adapted to environmental stress, still persist. This includes exotic resistant species, that were brought with the ballast´s water of foreign ships anchored in the port.
The Capurro's zone, in the North-East sector of the bay, near the stream Miguelete, was the place in colony times (XVIII th century) a quarantine place for the people that were brought as slaves from Africa. Later (in XIX century) it was a place of water extraction and a sand source for the ballast of oversea ships. At the beginning of the XXth century (1910) the Capurro park was built as a recreative space with direct access to the bay. This constituted a place of reference to the neighborhood and the the city. At the end of the decade of 1980, due to the construction of the route, the park lost his connection with the bay and devaluated itself.

[[image:Montevideo_bay & hill.jpg]]

== Cultural/social/political context ==

'''Brief explanation of culture, political economy, legal framework'''

Montevideo (1.500.000 inhabitants) is the capital of Uruguay (3.500.000 inhabitants) and is located in south of South America. This country borders Northern and East with Brazil, West with Argentina and South with the Atlantic Ocean.
Culturally, Uruguay is the result of his moderate climate, of his peripherial condition, of his small scale and of the mixture of diverse migratory inflows, principally coming from Spain and Italy and in minor measure from the assimilation of the african population brought as slave during the XVIII century. In the first half of the XIXth century, the native population of these lands was totally exterminated and / or assimilated by the dominant european culture in the process of constitution of the "modern State". During the second half of the XIX century and the first half of the XX century the french model was adopted as reference to institutional and educational level.
Uruguay has a long tradition of democratically elected governments and stable institutions. This tradition was interrupted in two occasions by police and military governments between 1933 and 1938 and more recently between 1973 and 1985.
The economy of the country is based on the export of raw materials, agroindustrial products, food products and services in general. The tourism is increasingly relevant in it´s economy.
Nowadays some of the principal sociocultural challenges that Uruguay faces, are the population aging, the need of improvement of labor opportunities and the levels of income of a major part of the population (the poverty reaches 23 % in the whole country), the improvement of education levels in the context of a highly competitive and technology dependent world, the defense of the natural resources of the country opposite to the investor´s increasing pressures in all areas, the improvement of the environmental monitoring systems, and diversification of the energetic matrix, nowadays dependent for the most part on oil and hydroelectric power.
Uruguay is an independent republic since 1825. It is organized on the national level in three autonomous powers: legislature, executive and judiciary. A territorial decentralization of the power exists also, in turn in local governments that possess a legislative power (Junta Departamental) and an executive power (Intendencia). In local areas (departments) both, the laws and national procedure and the local procedure govern. The before mentioned, are subordinate to the laws, decrees and regulations of national scope. In Montevideo the government of the city (Intendencia de Montevideo, IMM and Junta Departmental) elaborates and approve the plans for the city.

The considered project is a Detailed Project elaborated by the IMM and approved by the Junta Departamental (parliament of Montevideo), framed inside the special plan Bahía-Capurro-Bella Vista-La Teja. The general frame in turn is given by the Plan Montevideo elaborated by the IMM in consultancy with the state University (UDELAR).
The administration of the port activity is a competition of the national government across the ANP (Administración Nacional de Puertos).

== Spatial analysis of area/project/plan ==

'''What are the main structural features?
How has it been shaped? Were there any critical decisions?'''

The principal structural features of the project are:

A platform constructed on the North-East edge of the bay that articulates public space with productive, recreative and commercial activities.
This platform includes a pier, a coastal walk, office and residential towers that are to the scale of the Montevideo´s bay and hill.
This project implies an environmental previous recovery. The environmental conditions of the bay are expected to be improved significantly with the completion of the municipal sanitation plan IV. (IMM foreseen for 2012).
A critical aspect is the proximity of the oil refinery. Its movement does not seem to be feasible in a short-term, due to the investment needed (the Uruguayan State cannot confront it today) and due to his strategic location near the port and the routes of access to the city. Anyway, the landscape of the bay has much of a industrial landscape and this would be positive if it would not implied certain levels of pollution.
Another critical aspect of this project relates to the articulation of the different involved scales (that is, scale of the bay, scale of the port infrastructures, scale of the cars, scale of the pedestrian). The reference images let see this difficulty.

=== Analysis of program/function ===
* What are the main functional characteristics?
* How have they been expressed or incorporated?

This project involves the construction of a new place for public use that integrates various activity areas such as:

a fishing pier, recreational areas (marina, walkways, swimming pools), commercial areas (a ferry terminal for the Montevideo-Buenos Aires line, a terminal for large international cruises, hotels, offices) and residential areas (in a tower typology).

The project is at an early stage thus the land usage appear as a general zoning.

'''Overview of Project Bay-detail Capurro-Bella Vista'''
http://agenda.montevideo.gub.uy/proyecto/2324
http://agenda.montevideo.gub.uy/sites/agenda.montevideo.gub.uy/files/proyecto/archivos/Render_Nocturno_0.jpg

'''Environmental survey of the bay / fishing port:'''
http://www.anp.com.uy/licitaciones/publicas/I10/InformeAmbiental.pdf

=== Analysis of design/planning process ===
* How was the area/project/plan formulated and implemented?
*Were there any important consultations/collaborations?
The Montevideo plan (Plan Montevideo-POT) in its management report, sets out areas for promotion, within which the Bay has a prominent place. In this case the aim is to promote the recovery of the link between the city and the bay, the densification of the area, enhance residential areas and improve the relationship port-city.

Planning for the city of Montevideo has been present throughout history. The POT (Land Use Plan), Plan Montevideo, 1998 (currently under revision since 2005), was adopted by the Parliament of Montevideo after a process of preparation, evaluation and public consultation in which governments , academics and members of civil society worked. This is a general plan that regulates and structures the actions in the territory. This plan intended to innovate in organization and management tools for planning, understood this as a process that must include citizen participation.

With respect to the regulation framework, the current project integrates various and diverse instruments, included in the POT (Departmental Decree 28242) and complies with the provisions of the Law of territorial planning and sustainable development (National Law 18308). The initiative, as required by law, was presented at three public hearings before being sent by the City Government to the City Parliament for final approval.

POT instruments that are present in this project are:

Special Management Plan (BELLA VISTA-CAPURRO-LA TEJA)

Promotion Area (BAY). They are territorial units with priority for action, with long range projection, combining public and private actors.

Detailed Project (STRIP EDGE-CAPURRO BELLA VISTA), this is an instrument developed by the General Plan, the Special Plans and the Zonal Plans Management.

Action Units (Bella Vista pier). It is a land management tool in urban, rural or suburban potentially developable land, within a defined area that aim to synchronize their implementation through Detailed Projects. In this case, it articulates the installation of the fishing port, residential developments in the coastal strip, public spaces and the connection Capurro Neighbourhood - Capurro Park - Bay.

=== Analysis of use/users ===
* How is the area/project/plan used and by whom?
* Is the use changing? Are there any issues?

This is an area currently inaccessible and without a clear use. This area is at the same time facing the expansive pressure of the port of Montevideo. It is surrounded by old industrial buildings and others that are still in use such as the oil refinery and a power plant. Both are state-owned.

The closure of these plants, which are sources of contamination does not seem feasible in the short term. That would depend on the change in the country's energy matrix. This process of energy source substitution and energy diversification has already begun but slowly, with the use of biofuels, deployment of wind farms and solar energy, used mainly at home and in hotel buildings.
There are feasibility studies (and three possible locations) and is on the agenda of Montevideo, the construction of a wind farm that would supply energy for all street lighting of the city. This transformation together with the completion of construction of the IV sanitation plan in 2012 would improve significantly the environmental condition of the bay.

The Bahia -Capurro-Bella Vista project proposes new uses (recreational, residential, commercial) in this border and improve the physical conditions for public access to the bay. Increasing biodiversity in the area looks like a difficult goal to achieve because of the high degree of antropization and the intensity of the proposed activities

=== Core Question 2: What is the role of landscape architecture in this project? ===

In this phase of the project, the landscape architecture plays the role of coordinating and builder of an image-logo, a general and synthetic one, that suggests a possible future. This project-image, acts as a general reference and an object of desire, understandable and useful for negotiating with stakeholders, at an early stage.
The landscape architecture has set up the public and recreational priority for this new place.
It has also defined the project basic components that in this case are the platforms, the pier, the docks, the residential towers, and the natural areas, as well as their disposition.
The landscape architecture has to work out the agenda, as well as the key aspects of the project, ie how to integrate the different scales (which are that of the bay, the port infrastructure, that of the automobile, the district and the pedestrian).

=== Image Gallery ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
</gallery>

=== References ===

'''General information on Montevideo / Uruguay'''

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruguay
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruguay
http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruguay

'''Cultural Dimension / Simbolic destruction of Montevideo and its emblematic sites:'''
'''a bit of anger or rage (video clip "Panic attack")'''

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dadPWhEhVk

'''Cultural Dimension / traditional Uruguayan rural landscape: a bit of nostalgia (film "The journey to the sea")'''

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HhJe_34V0JI
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1RFW_u7m2vg&feature=related

'''Planification process in Montevideo:'''
http://www.farq.edu.uy/publicaciones/archivos%20pdf/teoria/montevideo%20proceso%20planificador%20y%20crecimientos%201.pdf

'''Poverty in Uruguay:'''
http://www.ine.gub.uy/biblioteca/pobreza/Estimaciones%20de%20pobreza%20por%20el%20m%E9todo%20del%20ingreso%202009.pdf

'''Overview of Project Bay-detail Capurro-Bella Vista'''
http://agenda.montevideo.gub.uy/proyecto/2324 http://agenda.montevideo.gub.uy/sites/agenda.montevideo.gub.uy/files/proyecto/archivos/Render_Nocturno_0.jpg

'''Environmental survey of the bay / fishing port:'''
http://www.anp.com.uy/licitaciones/publicas/I10/InformeAmbiental.pdf

'''General framework / plan montevideo:'''
http://www.montevideo.gub.uy/sites/default/files/articulo/meminfo.pdf
http://www.montevideo.gub.uy/sites/default/files/articulo/memord.pdf
http://monolitos.montevideo.gub.uy/resoluci.nsf/678a9bb12579e33d03256f000044a0e3/6edffabef6ffe9398325754000504c13?OpenDocument

'''Approval of the project (parliament of Montevideo)'''
http://www.juntamvd.gub.uy/es/comunicados-de-prensa/452-reglamentacion-para-area-prioritaria-muelles-de-bella-vista.html

'''Municipal sanitation plan IV:'''
http://agenda.montevideo.gub.uy/proyecto/1681

'''Recent news relating to the project:'''
http://ladiaria.com/articulo/2010/2/a-todo-vapor/

Case Study Montevideo 3

2010-11-23T05:11:34Z

Recobaa: /* References */

---> back to overview of [[Future Landscapes Group 6]]

'''add your case study title''' by ''add authors''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''PROYECTO DE DETALLE BAHÍA - CAPURRO - BELLA VISTA''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Montevideo''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Uruguay''
|-
| '''Office''' || style="background:Lavender"|''IMM_intendencia Municipal de Montevideo-departamento de planificación/coordinator: Arq. Ulises Torrado''
|-
| '''Client''' || style="background:Lavender"|''IMM_Intendencia de Montevideo''
|-
| '''Completion''' || style="background:Lavender"|''not completed/in process''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:MVD_BAY1_biosgroup03.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| <googlemap version="0.9" lat="-34.86" lon="-56.20" type="satellite" zoom="11" width="300" height="250">
</googlemap>
|}

=== Core Question 1: In how far does this project reveal your concept of future landscapes? ===
This project, with all it´s faults , reveals our concept of future landscape in the meaning that it attempts to articulate diverse interests, sometimes conflicting (economic interests and socio-cultural) and different actors (public and private) in order to achieve the common good: that is negotiate for (re)build a public place and an emblematic landscape: Montevideo´s bay, part of our collective heritage, today degraded and submitted to diverse pressures.
What is valued as interesting of this project is not it´s formalization or design (which is preliminary and very general), but what underlies, which is it´s intention of solving contradictions, the channelling of the multiple and opposite interests in a balanced way and also the challenges that faces: the diversity of scales that are at stake, the pollution that should be reverted and the lack of biodiversity.
The landscape of future, in an increasing complexity context, should be constructed on the base of a negotiation with nature (human and not human nature) and from a deep knowledge of our environment with the aim to reach a balanced and sustainable development. That is, landscape should be conceived, even in the smallest actions, as the legacy of our time for the future generations.

== '''Landscape and/or urban context''' ==

'''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics'''

The Montevideo´s bay, the hill and the peninsula that enclose it, are geographical particularities that are closely bound to the origin and development of the city.
Montevideo was founded in 1720 for strategic and military reasons, in the context of territorial disputes between the Portuguese and Spanish Empire. The bay and the peninsula offered perfect natural conditions to establish a port and a defensive device in the entry of the Rio de la Plata river. Montevideo owes its name to the cartographic record of the hill that is next the bay. In these records, this hill was appearing as MONTE VI D/E-O (i.e. the sixth Mount -or hill-, in East – West direction). This hill is right in front of the enclave of the considered project.
The port has been from its foundation and continues still being, a key factor in the development of the city. There, historically, have arrived and have departed, merchant ships, military ships, fishing boats, ships with immigrants, with people brought as slaves from Africa during the XVIII century and with travellers.
The port of Montevideo is nowadays in a process of expansion.
The city, initially fortified, has developed from the peninsula eastward and North on the bay. This happened in successive extensions upon a softly wavy topography, respecting the old colonial roads and by using a reticle as organization device. The reticle (grid), of Greek / Roman inspiration, was widely used by the Spanish empire in the foundation of American cities.
The bay has been affected in his edges by the port and industrial activity. There exist nowadays many facilities of significative size that have been abandoned and are obsolet. It still remains on its edge an oil refinery, that belongs and supplies fuels to the ANCAP company. Several state companies (ANCAP, ANTEL, UTE, ANP) have infrastructure or offices there.
Two streams (Miguelete and Pantanoso) end in the bay. These streams that cross a large part of the city, have been a pollution source with domestic and industrial residues during the second half of the XX century. The bay presents nowadays significant levels of pollution, that are expected to be reverted in the short term, by the completion of the municipal sanitation plan IV.

Nevertheless this, some species adapted to environmental stress, still persist. This includes exotic resistant species, that were brought with the ballast´s water of foreign ships anchored in the port.
The Capurro's zone, in the North-East sector of the bay, near the stream Miguelete, was the place in colony times (XVIII th century) a quarantine place for the people that were brought as slaves from Africa. Later (in XIX century) it was a place of water extraction and a sand source for the ballast of oversea ships. At the beginning of the XXth century (1910) the Capurro park was built as a recreative space with direct access to the bay. This constituted a place of reference to the neighborhood and the the city. At the end of the decade of 1980, due to the construction of the route, the park lost his connection with the bay and devaluated itself.

[[image:Montevideo_bay & hill.jpg]]

== Cultural/social/political context ==

'''Brief explanation of culture, political economy, legal framework'''

Montevideo (1.500.000 inhabitants) is the capital of Uruguay (3.500.000 inhabitants) and is located in south of South America. This country borders Northern and East with Brazil, West with Argentina and South with the Atlantic Ocean.
Culturally, Uruguay is the result of his moderate climate, of his peripherial condition, of his small scale and of the mixture of diverse migratory inflows, principally coming from Spain and Italy and in minor measure from the assimilation of the african population brought as slave during the XVIII century. In the first half of the XIXth century, the native population of these lands was totally exterminated and / or assimilated by the dominant european culture in the process of constitution of the "modern State". During the second half of the XIX century and the first half of the XX century the french model was adopted as reference to institutional and educational level.
Uruguay has a long tradition of democratically elected governments and stable institutions. This tradition was interrupted in two occasions by police and military governments between 1933 and 1938 and more recently between 1973 and 1985.
The economy of the country is based on the export of raw materials, agroindustrial products, food products and services in general. The tourism is increasingly relevant in it´s economy.
Nowadays some of the principal sociocultural challenges that Uruguay faces, are the population aging, the need of improvement of labor opportunities and the levels of income of a major part of the population (the poverty reaches 23 % in the whole country), the improvement of education levels in the context of a highly competitive and technology dependent world, the defense of the natural resources of the country opposite to the investor´s increasing pressures in all areas, the improvement of the environmental monitoring systems, and diversification of the energetic matrix, nowadays dependent for the most part on oil and hydroelectric power.
Uruguay is an independent republic since 1825. It is organized on the national level in three autonomous powers: legislature, executive and judiciary. A territorial decentralization of the power exists also, in turn in local governments that possess a legislative power (Junta Departamental) and an executive power (Intendencia). In local areas (departments) both, the laws and national procedure and the local procedure govern. The before mentioned, are subordinate to the laws, decrees and regulations of national scope. In Montevideo the government of the city (Intendencia de Montevideo, IMM and Junta Departmental) elaborates and approve the plans for the city.

The considered project is a Detailed Project elaborated by the IMM and approved by the Junta Departamental (parliament of Montevideo), framed inside the special plan Bahía-Capurro-Bella Vista-La Teja. The general frame in turn is given by the Plan Montevideo elaborated by the IMM in consultancy with the state University (UDELAR).
The administration of the port activity is a competition of the national government across the ANP (Administración Nacional de Puertos).

== Spatial analysis of area/project/plan ==

'''What are the main structural features?
How has it been shaped? Were there any critical decisions?'''

The principal structural features of the project are:

A platform constructed on the North-East edge of the bay that articulates public space with productive, recreative and commercial activities.
This platform includes a pier, a coastal walk, office and residential towers that are to the scale of the Montevideo´s bay and hill.
This project implies an environmental previous recovery. The environmental conditions of the bay are expected to be improved significantly with the completion of the municipal sanitation plan IV. (IMM foreseen for 2012).
A critical aspect is the proximity of the oil refinery. Its movement does not seem to be feasible in a short-term, due to the investment needed (the Uruguayan State cannot confront it today) and due to his strategic location near the port and the routes of access to the city. Anyway, the landscape of the bay has much of a industrial landscape and this would be positive if it would not implied certain levels of pollution.
Another critical aspect of this project relates to the articulation of the different involved scales (that is, scale of the bay, scale of the port infrastructures, scale of the cars, scale of the pedestrian). The reference images let see this difficulty.

=== Analysis of program/function ===
* What are the main functional characteristics?
* How have they been expressed or incorporated?

This project involves the construction of a new place for public use that integrates various activity areas such as:

a fishing pier, recreational areas (marina, walkways, swimming pools), commercial areas (a ferry terminal for the Montevideo-Buenos Aires line, a terminal for large international cruises, hotels, offices) and residential areas (in a tower typology).

The project is at an early stage thus the land usage appear as a general zoning.

=== Analysis of design/planning process ===
* How was the area/project/plan formulated and implemented?
*Were there any important consultations/collaborations?
The Montevideo plan (Plan Montevideo-POT) in its management report, sets out areas for promotion, within which the Bay has a prominent place. In this case the aim is to promote the recovery of the link between the city and the bay, the densification of the area, enhance residential areas and improve the relationship port-city.

Planning for the city of Montevideo has been present throughout history. The POT (Land Use Plan), Plan Montevideo, 1998 (currently under revision since 2005), was adopted by the Parliament of Montevideo after a process of preparation, evaluation and public consultation in which governments , academics and members of civil society worked. This is a general plan that regulates and structures the actions in the territory. This plan intended to innovate in organization and management tools for planning, understood this as a process that must include citizen participation.

With respect to the regulation framework, the current project integrates various and diverse instruments, included in the POT (Departmental Decree 28242) and complies with the provisions of the Law of territorial planning and sustainable development (National Law 18308). The initiative, as required by law, was presented at three public hearings before being sent by the City Government to the City Parliament for final approval.

POT instruments that are present in this project are:

Special Management Plan (BELLA VISTA-CAPURRO-LA TEJA)

Promotion Area (BAY). They are territorial units with priority for action, with long range projection, combining public and private actors.

Detailed Project (STRIP EDGE-CAPURRO BELLA VISTA), this is an instrument developed by the General Plan, the Special Plans and the Zonal Plans Management.

Action Units (Bella Vista pier). It is a land management tool in urban, rural or suburban potentially developable land, within a defined area that aim to synchronize their implementation through Detailed Projects. In this case, it articulates the installation of the fishing port, residential developments in the coastal strip, public spaces and the connection Capurro Neighbourhood - Capurro Park - Bay.

=== Analysis of use/users ===
* How is the area/project/plan used and by whom?
* Is the use changing? Are there any issues?

This is an area currently inaccessible and without a clear use. This area is at the same time facing the expansive pressure of the port of Montevideo. It is surrounded by old industrial buildings and others that are still in use such as the oil refinery and a power plant. Both are state-owned.

The closure of these plants, which are sources of contamination does not seem feasible in the short term. That would depend on the change in the country's energy matrix. This process of energy source substitution and energy diversification has already begun but slowly, with the use of biofuels, deployment of wind farms and solar energy, used mainly at home and in hotel buildings.
There are feasibility studies (and three possible locations) and is on the agenda of Montevideo, the construction of a wind farm that would supply energy for all street lighting of the city. This transformation together with the completion of construction of the IV sanitation plan in 2012 would improve significantly the environmental condition of the bay.

The Bahia -Capurro-Bella Vista project proposes new uses (recreational, residential, commercial) in this border and improve the physical conditions for public access to the bay. Increasing biodiversity in the area looks like a difficult goal to achieve because of the high degree of antropization and the intensity of the proposed activities

=== Core Question 2: What is the role of landscape architecture in this project? ===

In this phase of the project, the landscape architecture plays the role of coordinating and builder of an image-logo, a general and synthetic one, that suggests a possible future. This project-image, acts as a general reference and an object of desire, understandable and useful for negotiating with stakeholders, at an early stage.
The landscape architecture has set up the public and recreational priority for this new place.
It has also defined the project basic components that in this case are the platforms, the pier, the docks, the residential towers, and the natural areas, as well as their disposition.
The landscape architecture has to work out the agenda, as well as the key aspects of the project, ie how to integrate the different scales (which are that of the bay, the port infrastructure, that of the automobile, the district and the pedestrian).

=== Image Gallery ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
</gallery>

=== References ===

'''General information on Montevideo / Uruguay'''

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruguay
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruguay
http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruguay

'''Cultural Dimension / Simbolic destruction of Montevideo and its emblematic sites:'''
'''a bit of anger or rage (video clip "Panic attack")'''

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dadPWhEhVk

'''Cultural Dimension / traditional Uruguayan rural landscape: a bit of nostalgia (film "The journey to the sea")'''

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HhJe_34V0JI
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1RFW_u7m2vg&feature=related

'''Planification process in Montevideo:'''
http://www.farq.edu.uy/publicaciones/archivos%20pdf/teoria/montevideo%20proceso%20planificador%20y%20crecimientos%201.pdf

'''Poverty in Uruguay:'''
http://www.ine.gub.uy/biblioteca/pobreza/Estimaciones%20de%20pobreza%20por%20el%20m%E9todo%20del%20ingreso%202009.pdf

'''Overview of Project Bay-detail Capurro-Bella Vista'''
http://agenda.montevideo.gub.uy/proyecto/2324 http://agenda.montevideo.gub.uy/sites/agenda.montevideo.gub.uy/files/proyecto/archivos/Render_Nocturno_0.jpg

'''Environmental survey of the bay / fishing port:'''
http://www.anp.com.uy/licitaciones/publicas/I10/InformeAmbiental.pdf

'''General framework / plan montevideo:'''
http://www.montevideo.gub.uy/sites/default/files/articulo/meminfo.pdf
http://www.montevideo.gub.uy/sites/default/files/articulo/memord.pdf
http://monolitos.montevideo.gub.uy/resoluci.nsf/678a9bb12579e33d03256f000044a0e3/6edffabef6ffe9398325754000504c13?OpenDocument

'''Approval of the project (parliament of Montevideo)'''
http://www.juntamvd.gub.uy/es/comunicados-de-prensa/452-reglamentacion-para-area-prioritaria-muelles-de-bella-vista.html

'''Municipal sanitation plan IV:'''
http://agenda.montevideo.gub.uy/proyecto/1681

'''Recent news relating to the project:'''
http://ladiaria.com/articulo/2010/2/a-todo-vapor/

Case Study Montevideo 3

2010-11-23T05:07:34Z

Recobaa: /* References */

---> back to overview of [[Future Landscapes Group 6]]

'''add your case study title''' by ''add authors''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''PROYECTO DE DETALLE BAHÍA - CAPURRO - BELLA VISTA''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Montevideo''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Uruguay''
|-
| '''Office''' || style="background:Lavender"|''IMM_intendencia Municipal de Montevideo-departamento de planificación/coordinator: Arq. Ulises Torrado''
|-
| '''Client''' || style="background:Lavender"|''IMM_Intendencia de Montevideo''
|-
| '''Completion''' || style="background:Lavender"|''not completed/in process''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:MVD_BAY1_biosgroup03.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| <googlemap version="0.9" lat="-34.86" lon="-56.20" type="satellite" zoom="11" width="300" height="250">
</googlemap>
|}

=== Core Question 1: In how far does this project reveal your concept of future landscapes? ===
This project, with all it´s faults , reveals our concept of future landscape in the meaning that it attempts to articulate diverse interests, sometimes conflicting (economic interests and socio-cultural) and different actors (public and private) in order to achieve the common good: that is negotiate for (re)build a public place and an emblematic landscape: Montevideo´s bay, part of our collective heritage, today degraded and submitted to diverse pressures.
What is valued as interesting of this project is not it´s formalization or design (which is preliminary and very general), but what underlies, which is it´s intention of solving contradictions, the channelling of the multiple and opposite interests in a balanced way and also the challenges that faces: the diversity of scales that are at stake, the pollution that should be reverted and the lack of biodiversity.
The landscape of future, in an increasing complexity context, should be constructed on the base of a negotiation with nature (human and not human nature) and from a deep knowledge of our environment with the aim to reach a balanced and sustainable development. That is, landscape should be conceived, even in the smallest actions, as the legacy of our time for the future generations.

== '''Landscape and/or urban context''' ==

'''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics'''

The Montevideo´s bay, the hill and the peninsula that enclose it, are geographical particularities that are closely bound to the origin and development of the city.
Montevideo was founded in 1720 for strategic and military reasons, in the context of territorial disputes between the Portuguese and Spanish Empire. The bay and the peninsula offered perfect natural conditions to establish a port and a defensive device in the entry of the Rio de la Plata river. Montevideo owes its name to the cartographic record of the hill that is next the bay. In these records, this hill was appearing as MONTE VI D/E-O (i.e. the sixth Mount -or hill-, in East – West direction). This hill is right in front of the enclave of the considered project.
The port has been from its foundation and continues still being, a key factor in the development of the city. There, historically, have arrived and have departed, merchant ships, military ships, fishing boats, ships with immigrants, with people brought as slaves from Africa during the XVIII century and with travellers.
The port of Montevideo is nowadays in a process of expansion.
The city, initially fortified, has developed from the peninsula eastward and North on the bay. This happened in successive extensions upon a softly wavy topography, respecting the old colonial roads and by using a reticle as organization device. The reticle (grid), of Greek / Roman inspiration, was widely used by the Spanish empire in the foundation of American cities.
The bay has been affected in his edges by the port and industrial activity. There exist nowadays many facilities of significative size that have been abandoned and are obsolet. It still remains on its edge an oil refinery, that belongs and supplies fuels to the ANCAP company. Several state companies (ANCAP, ANTEL, UTE, ANP) have infrastructure or offices there.
Two streams (Miguelete and Pantanoso) end in the bay. These streams that cross a large part of the city, have been a pollution source with domestic and industrial residues during the second half of the XX century. The bay presents nowadays significant levels of pollution, that are expected to be reverted in the short term, by the completion of the municipal sanitation plan IV.

Nevertheless this, some species adapted to environmental stress, still persist. This includes exotic resistant species, that were brought with the ballast´s water of foreign ships anchored in the port.
The Capurro's zone, in the North-East sector of the bay, near the stream Miguelete, was the place in colony times (XVIII th century) a quarantine place for the people that were brought as slaves from Africa. Later (in XIX century) it was a place of water extraction and a sand source for the ballast of oversea ships. At the beginning of the XXth century (1910) the Capurro park was built as a recreative space with direct access to the bay. This constituted a place of reference to the neighborhood and the the city. At the end of the decade of 1980, due to the construction of the route, the park lost his connection with the bay and devaluated itself.

[[image:Montevideo_bay & hill.jpg]]

== Cultural/social/political context ==

'''Brief explanation of culture, political economy, legal framework'''

Montevideo (1.500.000 inhabitants) is the capital of Uruguay (3.500.000 inhabitants) and is located in south of South America. This country borders Northern and East with Brazil, West with Argentina and South with the Atlantic Ocean.
Culturally, Uruguay is the result of his moderate climate, of his peripherial condition, of his small scale and of the mixture of diverse migratory inflows, principally coming from Spain and Italy and in minor measure from the assimilation of the african population brought as slave during the XVIII century. In the first half of the XIXth century, the native population of these lands was totally exterminated and / or assimilated by the dominant european culture in the process of constitution of the "modern State". During the second half of the XIX century and the first half of the XX century the french model was adopted as reference to institutional and educational level.
Uruguay has a long tradition of democratically elected governments and stable institutions. This tradition was interrupted in two occasions by police and military governments between 1933 and 1938 and more recently between 1973 and 1985.
The economy of the country is based on the export of raw materials, agroindustrial products, food products and services in general. The tourism is increasingly relevant in it´s economy.
Nowadays some of the principal sociocultural challenges that Uruguay faces, are the population aging, the need of improvement of labor opportunities and the levels of income of a major part of the population (the poverty reaches 23 % in the whole country), the improvement of education levels in the context of a highly competitive and technology dependent world, the defense of the natural resources of the country opposite to the investor´s increasing pressures in all areas, the improvement of the environmental monitoring systems, and diversification of the energetic matrix, nowadays dependent for the most part on oil and hydroelectric power.
Uruguay is an independent republic since 1825. It is organized on the national level in three autonomous powers: legislature, executive and judiciary. A territorial decentralization of the power exists also, in turn in local governments that possess a legislative power (Junta Departamental) and an executive power (Intendencia). In local areas (departments) both, the laws and national procedure and the local procedure govern. The before mentioned, are subordinate to the laws, decrees and regulations of national scope. In Montevideo the government of the city (Intendencia de Montevideo, IMM and Junta Departmental) elaborates and approve the plans for the city.

The considered project is a Detailed Project elaborated by the IMM and approved by the Junta Departamental (parliament of Montevideo), framed inside the special plan Bahía-Capurro-Bella Vista-La Teja. The general frame in turn is given by the Plan Montevideo elaborated by the IMM in consultancy with the state University (UDELAR).
The administration of the port activity is a competition of the national government across the ANP (Administración Nacional de Puertos).

== Spatial analysis of area/project/plan ==

'''What are the main structural features?
How has it been shaped? Were there any critical decisions?'''

The principal structural features of the project are:

A platform constructed on the North-East edge of the bay that articulates public space with productive, recreative and commercial activities.
This platform includes a pier, a coastal walk, office and residential towers that are to the scale of the Montevideo´s bay and hill.
This project implies an environmental previous recovery. The environmental conditions of the bay are expected to be improved significantly with the completion of the municipal sanitation plan IV. (IMM foreseen for 2012).
A critical aspect is the proximity of the oil refinery. Its movement does not seem to be feasible in a short-term, due to the investment needed (the Uruguayan State cannot confront it today) and due to his strategic location near the port and the routes of access to the city. Anyway, the landscape of the bay has much of a industrial landscape and this would be positive if it would not implied certain levels of pollution.
Another critical aspect of this project relates to the articulation of the different involved scales (that is, scale of the bay, scale of the port infrastructures, scale of the cars, scale of the pedestrian). The reference images let see this difficulty.

=== Analysis of program/function ===
* What are the main functional characteristics?
* How have they been expressed or incorporated?

This project involves the construction of a new place for public use that integrates various activity areas such as:

a fishing pier, recreational areas (marina, walkways, swimming pools), commercial areas (a ferry terminal for the Montevideo-Buenos Aires line, a terminal for large international cruises, hotels, offices) and residential areas (in a tower typology).

The project is at an early stage thus the land usage appear as a general zoning.

=== Analysis of design/planning process ===
* How was the area/project/plan formulated and implemented?
*Were there any important consultations/collaborations?
The Montevideo plan (Plan Montevideo-POT) in its management report, sets out areas for promotion, within which the Bay has a prominent place. In this case the aim is to promote the recovery of the link between the city and the bay, the densification of the area, enhance residential areas and improve the relationship port-city.

Planning for the city of Montevideo has been present throughout history. The POT (Land Use Plan), Plan Montevideo, 1998 (currently under revision since 2005), was adopted by the Parliament of Montevideo after a process of preparation, evaluation and public consultation in which governments , academics and members of civil society worked. This is a general plan that regulates and structures the actions in the territory. This plan intended to innovate in organization and management tools for planning, understood this as a process that must include citizen participation.

With respect to the regulation framework, the current project integrates various and diverse instruments, included in the POT (Departmental Decree 28242) and complies with the provisions of the Law of territorial planning and sustainable development (National Law 18308). The initiative, as required by law, was presented at three public hearings before being sent by the City Government to the City Parliament for final approval.

POT instruments that are present in this project are:

Special Management Plan (BELLA VISTA-CAPURRO-LA TEJA)

Promotion Area (BAY). They are territorial units with priority for action, with long range projection, combining public and private actors.

Detailed Project (STRIP EDGE-CAPURRO BELLA VISTA), this is an instrument developed by the General Plan, the Special Plans and the Zonal Plans Management.

Action Units (Bella Vista pier). It is a land management tool in urban, rural or suburban potentially developable land, within a defined area that aim to synchronize their implementation through Detailed Projects. In this case, it articulates the installation of the fishing port, residential developments in the coastal strip, public spaces and the connection Capurro Neighbourhood - Capurro Park - Bay.

=== Analysis of use/users ===
* How is the area/project/plan used and by whom?
* Is the use changing? Are there any issues?

This is an area currently inaccessible and without a clear use. This area is at the same time facing the expansive pressure of the port of Montevideo. It is surrounded by old industrial buildings and others that are still in use such as the oil refinery and a power plant. Both are state-owned.

The closure of these plants, which are sources of contamination does not seem feasible in the short term. That would depend on the change in the country's energy matrix. This process of energy source substitution and energy diversification has already begun but slowly, with the use of biofuels, deployment of wind farms and solar energy, used mainly at home and in hotel buildings.
There are feasibility studies (and three possible locations) and is on the agenda of Montevideo, the construction of a wind farm that would supply energy for all street lighting of the city. This transformation together with the completion of construction of the IV sanitation plan in 2012 would improve significantly the environmental condition of the bay.

The Bahia -Capurro-Bella Vista project proposes new uses (recreational, residential, commercial) in this border and improve the physical conditions for public access to the bay. Increasing biodiversity in the area looks like a difficult goal to achieve because of the high degree of antropization and the intensity of the proposed activities

=== Core Question 2: What is the role of landscape architecture in this project? ===

In this phase of the project, the landscape architecture plays the role of coordinating and builder of an image-logo, a general and synthetic one, that suggests a possible future. This project-image, acts as a general reference and an object of desire, understandable and useful for negotiating with stakeholders, at an early stage.
The landscape architecture has set up the public and recreational priority for this new place.
It has also defined the project basic components that in this case are the platforms, the pier, the docks, the residential towers, and the natural areas, as well as their disposition.
The landscape architecture has to work out the agenda, as well as the key aspects of the project, ie how to integrate the different scales (which are that of the bay, the port infrastructure, that of the automobile, the district and the pedestrian).

=== Image Gallery ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
</gallery>

=== References ===

'''General information on Montevideo / Uruguay'''

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruguay
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruguay
http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruguay

'''Cultural Dimension / Simbolic destruction of Montevideo and its emblematic sites:'''
'''a bit of anger or rage (video clip "Panic attack")'''

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dadPWhEhVk

'''Cultural Dimension / traditional Uruguayan rural landscape: a bit of nostalgia (film "The journey to the sea")'''

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HhJe_34V0JI
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1RFW_u7m2vg&feature=related

'''Planification process in Montevideo:'''
http://www.farq.edu.uy/publicaciones/archivos%20pdf/teoria/montevideo%20proceso%20planificador%20y%20crecimientos%201.pdf

'''Poverty in Uruguay:'''
http://www.ine.gub.uy/biblioteca/pobreza/Estimaciones%20pobreza%20of%20the%20por%20m%E9todo%20of%202009.pdf

'''Overview of Project Bay-detail Capurro-Bella Vista'''
http://agenda.montevideo.gub.uy/proyecto/2324 http://agenda.montevideo.gub.uy/sites/agenda.montevideo.gub.uy/files/proyecto/archivos/Render_Nocturno_0.jpg

'''Environmental survey of the bay / fishing port:'''
http://www.anp.com.uy/licitaciones/publicas/I10/InformeAmbiental.pdf

'''General framework / plan montevideo:'''
http://www.montevideo.gub.uy/sites/default/files/articulo/meminfo.pdf
http://www.montevideo.gub.uy/sites/default/files/articulo/memord.pdf
http://monolitos.montevideo.gub.uy/resoluci.nsf/678a9bb12579e33d03256f000044a0e3/6edffabef6ffe9398325754000504c13?OpenDocument

'''Approval of the project (parliament of Montevideo)'''
http://www.juntamvd.gub.uy/es/comunicados-de-prensa/452-reglamentacion-para-area-prioritaria-muelles-de-bella-vista.html

'''Municipal sanitation plan IV:'''
http://agenda.montevideo.gub.uy/proyecto/1681

'''Recent news relating to the project:'''
http://ladiaria.com/articulo/2010/2/a-todo-vapor/

Case Study Montevideo 3

2010-11-23T05:02:44Z

Recobaa: /* References */

---> back to overview of [[Future Landscapes Group 6]]

'''add your case study title''' by ''add authors''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''PROYECTO DE DETALLE BAHÍA - CAPURRO - BELLA VISTA''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Montevideo''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Uruguay''
|-
| '''Office''' || style="background:Lavender"|''IMM_intendencia Municipal de Montevideo-departamento de planificación/coordinator: Arq. Ulises Torrado''
|-
| '''Client''' || style="background:Lavender"|''IMM_Intendencia de Montevideo''
|-
| '''Completion''' || style="background:Lavender"|''not completed/in process''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:MVD_BAY1_biosgroup03.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| <googlemap version="0.9" lat="-34.86" lon="-56.20" type="satellite" zoom="11" width="300" height="250">
</googlemap>
|}

=== Core Question 1: In how far does this project reveal your concept of future landscapes? ===
This project, with all it´s faults , reveals our concept of future landscape in the meaning that it attempts to articulate diverse interests, sometimes conflicting (economic interests and socio-cultural) and different actors (public and private) in order to achieve the common good: that is negotiate for (re)build a public place and an emblematic landscape: Montevideo´s bay, part of our collective heritage, today degraded and submitted to diverse pressures.
What is valued as interesting of this project is not it´s formalization or design (which is preliminary and very general), but what underlies, which is it´s intention of solving contradictions, the channelling of the multiple and opposite interests in a balanced way and also the challenges that faces: the diversity of scales that are at stake, the pollution that should be reverted and the lack of biodiversity.
The landscape of future, in an increasing complexity context, should be constructed on the base of a negotiation with nature (human and not human nature) and from a deep knowledge of our environment with the aim to reach a balanced and sustainable development. That is, landscape should be conceived, even in the smallest actions, as the legacy of our time for the future generations.

== '''Landscape and/or urban context''' ==

'''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics'''

The Montevideo´s bay, the hill and the peninsula that enclose it, are geographical particularities that are closely bound to the origin and development of the city.
Montevideo was founded in 1720 for strategic and military reasons, in the context of territorial disputes between the Portuguese and Spanish Empire. The bay and the peninsula offered perfect natural conditions to establish a port and a defensive device in the entry of the Rio de la Plata river. Montevideo owes its name to the cartographic record of the hill that is next the bay. In these records, this hill was appearing as MONTE VI D/E-O (i.e. the sixth Mount -or hill-, in East – West direction). This hill is right in front of the enclave of the considered project.
The port has been from its foundation and continues still being, a key factor in the development of the city. There, historically, have arrived and have departed, merchant ships, military ships, fishing boats, ships with immigrants, with people brought as slaves from Africa during the XVIII century and with travellers.
The port of Montevideo is nowadays in a process of expansion.
The city, initially fortified, has developed from the peninsula eastward and North on the bay. This happened in successive extensions upon a softly wavy topography, respecting the old colonial roads and by using a reticle as organization device. The reticle (grid), of Greek / Roman inspiration, was widely used by the Spanish empire in the foundation of American cities.
The bay has been affected in his edges by the port and industrial activity. There exist nowadays many facilities of significative size that have been abandoned and are obsolet. It still remains on its edge an oil refinery, that belongs and supplies fuels to the ANCAP company. Several state companies (ANCAP, ANTEL, UTE, ANP) have infrastructure or offices there.
Two streams (Miguelete and Pantanoso) end in the bay. These streams that cross a large part of the city, have been a pollution source with domestic and industrial residues during the second half of the XX century. The bay presents nowadays significant levels of pollution, that are expected to be reverted in the short term, by the completion of the municipal sanitation plan IV.

Nevertheless this, some species adapted to environmental stress, still persist. This includes exotic resistant species, that were brought with the ballast´s water of foreign ships anchored in the port.
The Capurro's zone, in the North-East sector of the bay, near the stream Miguelete, was the place in colony times (XVIII th century) a quarantine place for the people that were brought as slaves from Africa. Later (in XIX century) it was a place of water extraction and a sand source for the ballast of oversea ships. At the beginning of the XXth century (1910) the Capurro park was built as a recreative space with direct access to the bay. This constituted a place of reference to the neighborhood and the the city. At the end of the decade of 1980, due to the construction of the route, the park lost his connection with the bay and devaluated itself.

[[image:Montevideo_bay & hill.jpg]]

== Cultural/social/political context ==

'''Brief explanation of culture, political economy, legal framework'''

Montevideo (1.500.000 inhabitants) is the capital of Uruguay (3.500.000 inhabitants) and is located in south of South America. This country borders Northern and East with Brazil, West with Argentina and South with the Atlantic Ocean.
Culturally, Uruguay is the result of his moderate climate, of his peripherial condition, of his small scale and of the mixture of diverse migratory inflows, principally coming from Spain and Italy and in minor measure from the assimilation of the african population brought as slave during the XVIII century. In the first half of the XIXth century, the native population of these lands was totally exterminated and / or assimilated by the dominant european culture in the process of constitution of the "modern State". During the second half of the XIX century and the first half of the XX century the french model was adopted as reference to institutional and educational level.
Uruguay has a long tradition of democratically elected governments and stable institutions. This tradition was interrupted in two occasions by police and military governments between 1933 and 1938 and more recently between 1973 and 1985.
The economy of the country is based on the export of raw materials, agroindustrial products, food products and services in general. The tourism is increasingly relevant in it´s economy.
Nowadays some of the principal sociocultural challenges that Uruguay faces, are the population aging, the need of improvement of labor opportunities and the levels of income of a major part of the population (the poverty reaches 23 % in the whole country), the improvement of education levels in the context of a highly competitive and technology dependent world, the defense of the natural resources of the country opposite to the investor´s increasing pressures in all areas, the improvement of the environmental monitoring systems, and diversification of the energetic matrix, nowadays dependent for the most part on oil and hydroelectric power.
Uruguay is an independent republic since 1825. It is organized on the national level in three autonomous powers: legislature, executive and judiciary. A territorial decentralization of the power exists also, in turn in local governments that possess a legislative power (Junta Departamental) and an executive power (Intendencia). In local areas (departments) both, the laws and national procedure and the local procedure govern. The before mentioned, are subordinate to the laws, decrees and regulations of national scope. In Montevideo the government of the city (Intendencia de Montevideo, IMM and Junta Departmental) elaborates and approve the plans for the city.

The considered project is a Detailed Project elaborated by the IMM and approved by the Junta Departamental (parliament of Montevideo), framed inside the special plan Bahía-Capurro-Bella Vista-La Teja. The general frame in turn is given by the Plan Montevideo elaborated by the IMM in consultancy with the state University (UDELAR).
The administration of the port activity is a competition of the national government across the ANP (Administración Nacional de Puertos).

== Spatial analysis of area/project/plan ==

'''What are the main structural features?
How has it been shaped? Were there any critical decisions?'''

The principal structural features of the project are:

A platform constructed on the North-East edge of the bay that articulates public space with productive, recreative and commercial activities.
This platform includes a pier, a coastal walk, office and residential towers that are to the scale of the Montevideo´s bay and hill.
This project implies an environmental previous recovery. The environmental conditions of the bay are expected to be improved significantly with the completion of the municipal sanitation plan IV. (IMM foreseen for 2012).
A critical aspect is the proximity of the oil refinery. Its movement does not seem to be feasible in a short-term, due to the investment needed (the Uruguayan State cannot confront it today) and due to his strategic location near the port and the routes of access to the city. Anyway, the landscape of the bay has much of a industrial landscape and this would be positive if it would not implied certain levels of pollution.
Another critical aspect of this project relates to the articulation of the different involved scales (that is, scale of the bay, scale of the port infrastructures, scale of the cars, scale of the pedestrian). The reference images let see this difficulty.

=== Analysis of program/function ===
* What are the main functional characteristics?
* How have they been expressed or incorporated?

This project involves the construction of a new place for public use that integrates various activity areas such as:

a fishing pier, recreational areas (marina, walkways, swimming pools), commercial areas (a ferry terminal for the Montevideo-Buenos Aires line, a terminal for large international cruises, hotels, offices) and residential areas (in a tower typology).

The project is at an early stage thus the land usage appear as a general zoning.

=== Analysis of design/planning process ===
* How was the area/project/plan formulated and implemented?
*Were there any important consultations/collaborations?
The Montevideo plan (Plan Montevideo-POT) in its management report, sets out areas for promotion, within which the Bay has a prominent place. In this case the aim is to promote the recovery of the link between the city and the bay, the densification of the area, enhance residential areas and improve the relationship port-city.

Planning for the city of Montevideo has been present throughout history. The POT (Land Use Plan), Plan Montevideo, 1998 (currently under revision since 2005), was adopted by the Parliament of Montevideo after a process of preparation, evaluation and public consultation in which governments , academics and members of civil society worked. This is a general plan that regulates and structures the actions in the territory. This plan intended to innovate in organization and management tools for planning, understood this as a process that must include citizen participation.

With respect to the regulation framework, the current project integrates various and diverse instruments, included in the POT (Departmental Decree 28242) and complies with the provisions of the Law of territorial planning and sustainable development (National Law 18308). The initiative, as required by law, was presented at three public hearings before being sent by the City Government to the City Parliament for final approval.

POT instruments that are present in this project are:

Special Management Plan (BELLA VISTA-CAPURRO-LA TEJA)

Promotion Area (BAY). They are territorial units with priority for action, with long range projection, combining public and private actors.

Detailed Project (STRIP EDGE-CAPURRO BELLA VISTA), this is an instrument developed by the General Plan, the Special Plans and the Zonal Plans Management.

Action Units (Bella Vista pier). It is a land management tool in urban, rural or suburban potentially developable land, within a defined area that aim to synchronize their implementation through Detailed Projects. In this case, it articulates the installation of the fishing port, residential developments in the coastal strip, public spaces and the connection Capurro Neighbourhood - Capurro Park - Bay.

=== Analysis of use/users ===
* How is the area/project/plan used and by whom?
* Is the use changing? Are there any issues?

This is an area currently inaccessible and without a clear use. This area is at the same time facing the expansive pressure of the port of Montevideo. It is surrounded by old industrial buildings and others that are still in use such as the oil refinery and a power plant. Both are state-owned.

The closure of these plants, which are sources of contamination does not seem feasible in the short term. That would depend on the change in the country's energy matrix. This process of energy source substitution and energy diversification has already begun but slowly, with the use of biofuels, deployment of wind farms and solar energy, used mainly at home and in hotel buildings.
There are feasibility studies (and three possible locations) and is on the agenda of Montevideo, the construction of a wind farm that would supply energy for all street lighting of the city. This transformation together with the completion of construction of the IV sanitation plan in 2012 would improve significantly the environmental condition of the bay.

The Bahia -Capurro-Bella Vista project proposes new uses (recreational, residential, commercial) in this border and improve the physical conditions for public access to the bay. Increasing biodiversity in the area looks like a difficult goal to achieve because of the high degree of antropization and the intensity of the proposed activities

=== Core Question 2: What is the role of landscape architecture in this project? ===

In this phase of the project, the landscape architecture plays the role of coordinating and builder of an image-logo, a general and synthetic one, that suggests a possible future. This project-image, acts as a general reference and an object of desire, understandable and useful for negotiating with stakeholders, at an early stage.
The landscape architecture has set up the public and recreational priority for this new place.
It has also defined the project basic components that in this case are the platforms, the pier, the docks, the residential towers, and the natural areas, as well as their disposition.
The landscape architecture has to work out the agenda, as well as the key aspects of the project, ie how to integrate the different scales (which are that of the bay, the port infrastructure, that of the automobile, the district and the pedestrian).

=== Image Gallery ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
</gallery>

=== References ===

'''General information on Montevideo / Uruguay'''

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruguay
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruguay
http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruguay

'''Cultural Dimension / Simbolic destruction of Montevideo and its emblematic sites:'''
'''a bit of anger or rage (video clip panic attack)'''

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dadPWhEhVk

'''Cultural Dimension / traditional Uruguayan rural landscape: a bit of nostalgia (film The journey to the sea)'''

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HhJe_34V0JI
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1RFW_u7m2vg&feature=related

'''Planification process in Montevideo:'''
http://www.farq.edu.uy/publicaciones/archivos%20pdf/teoria/montevideo%20proceso%20planificador%20y%20crecimientos%201.pdf

'''Poverty in Uruguay:'''
http://www.ine.gub.uy/biblioteca/pobreza/Estimaciones% 20pobreza% 20of% 20the% 20por% 20m% E9todo% 20of% 202009.pdf 20ingreso%

'''Overview of Project Bay-detail Capurro-Bella Vista'''
http://agenda.montevideo.gub.uy/proyecto/2324 http://agenda.montevideo.gub.uy/sites/agenda.montevideo.gub.uy/files/proyecto/archivos/Render_Nocturno_0.jpg

'''Environmental survey of the bay / fishing port:'''
http://www.anp.com.uy/licitaciones/publicas/I10/InformeAmbiental.pdf

'''General framework / plan montevideo:'''
http://www.montevideo.gub.uy/sites/default/files/articulo/meminfo.pdf
http://www.montevideo.gub.uy/sites/default/files/articulo/memord.pdf
http://monolitos.montevideo.gub.uy/resoluci.nsf/678a9bb12579e33d03256f000044a0e3/6edffabef6ffe9398325754000504c13?OpenDocument

'''Approval of the project (parliament of Montevideo)'''
http://www.juntamvd.gub.uy/es/comunicados-de-prensa/452-reglamentacion-para-area-prioritaria-muelles-de-bella-vista.html

'''Municipal sanitation plan IV:'''
http://agenda.montevideo.gub.uy/proyecto/1681

'''Recent news relating to the project:'''
http://ladiaria.com/articulo/2010/2/a-todo-vapor/

Case Study Montevideo 3

2010-11-23T04:52:14Z

Recobaa: /* You may add 1-2 more core questions as discussed in your group */

---> back to overview of [[Future Landscapes Group 6]]

'''add your case study title''' by ''add authors''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''PROYECTO DE DETALLE BAHÍA - CAPURRO - BELLA VISTA''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Montevideo''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Uruguay''
|-
| '''Office''' || style="background:Lavender"|''IMM_intendencia Municipal de Montevideo-departamento de planificación/coordinator: Arq. Ulises Torrado''
|-
| '''Client''' || style="background:Lavender"|''IMM_Intendencia de Montevideo''
|-
| '''Completion''' || style="background:Lavender"|''not completed/in process''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:MVD_BAY1_biosgroup03.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| <googlemap version="0.9" lat="-34.86" lon="-56.20" type="satellite" zoom="11" width="300" height="250">
</googlemap>
|}

=== Core Question 1: In how far does this project reveal your concept of future landscapes? ===
This project, with all it´s faults , reveals our concept of future landscape in the meaning that it attempts to articulate diverse interests, sometimes conflicting (economic interests and socio-cultural) and different actors (public and private) in order to achieve the common good: that is negotiate for (re)build a public place and an emblematic landscape: Montevideo´s bay, part of our collective heritage, today degraded and submitted to diverse pressures.
What is valued as interesting of this project is not it´s formalization or design (which is preliminary and very general), but what underlies, which is it´s intention of solving contradictions, the channelling of the multiple and opposite interests in a balanced way and also the challenges that faces: the diversity of scales that are at stake, the pollution that should be reverted and the lack of biodiversity.
The landscape of future, in an increasing complexity context, should be constructed on the base of a negotiation with nature (human and not human nature) and from a deep knowledge of our environment with the aim to reach a balanced and sustainable development. That is, landscape should be conceived, even in the smallest actions, as the legacy of our time for the future generations.

== '''Landscape and/or urban context''' ==

'''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics'''

The Montevideo´s bay, the hill and the peninsula that enclose it, are geographical particularities that are closely bound to the origin and development of the city.
Montevideo was founded in 1720 for strategic and military reasons, in the context of territorial disputes between the Portuguese and Spanish Empire. The bay and the peninsula offered perfect natural conditions to establish a port and a defensive device in the entry of the Rio de la Plata river. Montevideo owes its name to the cartographic record of the hill that is next the bay. In these records, this hill was appearing as MONTE VI D/E-O (i.e. the sixth Mount -or hill-, in East – West direction). This hill is right in front of the enclave of the considered project.
The port has been from its foundation and continues still being, a key factor in the development of the city. There, historically, have arrived and have departed, merchant ships, military ships, fishing boats, ships with immigrants, with people brought as slaves from Africa during the XVIII century and with travellers.
The port of Montevideo is nowadays in a process of expansion.
The city, initially fortified, has developed from the peninsula eastward and North on the bay. This happened in successive extensions upon a softly wavy topography, respecting the old colonial roads and by using a reticle as organization device. The reticle (grid), of Greek / Roman inspiration, was widely used by the Spanish empire in the foundation of American cities.
The bay has been affected in his edges by the port and industrial activity. There exist nowadays many facilities of significative size that have been abandoned and are obsolet. It still remains on its edge an oil refinery, that belongs and supplies fuels to the ANCAP company. Several state companies (ANCAP, ANTEL, UTE, ANP) have infrastructure or offices there.
Two streams (Miguelete and Pantanoso) end in the bay. These streams that cross a large part of the city, have been a pollution source with domestic and industrial residues during the second half of the XX century. The bay presents nowadays significant levels of pollution, that are expected to be reverted in the short term, by the completion of the municipal sanitation plan IV.

Nevertheless this, some species adapted to environmental stress, still persist. This includes exotic resistant species, that were brought with the ballast´s water of foreign ships anchored in the port.
The Capurro's zone, in the North-East sector of the bay, near the stream Miguelete, was the place in colony times (XVIII th century) a quarantine place for the people that were brought as slaves from Africa. Later (in XIX century) it was a place of water extraction and a sand source for the ballast of oversea ships. At the beginning of the XXth century (1910) the Capurro park was built as a recreative space with direct access to the bay. This constituted a place of reference to the neighborhood and the the city. At the end of the decade of 1980, due to the construction of the route, the park lost his connection with the bay and devaluated itself.

[[image:Montevideo_bay & hill.jpg]]

== Cultural/social/political context ==

'''Brief explanation of culture, political economy, legal framework'''

Montevideo (1.500.000 inhabitants) is the capital of Uruguay (3.500.000 inhabitants) and is located in south of South America. This country borders Northern and East with Brazil, West with Argentina and South with the Atlantic Ocean.
Culturally, Uruguay is the result of his moderate climate, of his peripherial condition, of his small scale and of the mixture of diverse migratory inflows, principally coming from Spain and Italy and in minor measure from the assimilation of the african population brought as slave during the XVIII century. In the first half of the XIXth century, the native population of these lands was totally exterminated and / or assimilated by the dominant european culture in the process of constitution of the "modern State". During the second half of the XIX century and the first half of the XX century the french model was adopted as reference to institutional and educational level.
Uruguay has a long tradition of democratically elected governments and stable institutions. This tradition was interrupted in two occasions by police and military governments between 1933 and 1938 and more recently between 1973 and 1985.
The economy of the country is based on the export of raw materials, agroindustrial products, food products and services in general. The tourism is increasingly relevant in it´s economy.
Nowadays some of the principal sociocultural challenges that Uruguay faces, are the population aging, the need of improvement of labor opportunities and the levels of income of a major part of the population (the poverty reaches 23 % in the whole country), the improvement of education levels in the context of a highly competitive and technology dependent world, the defense of the natural resources of the country opposite to the investor´s increasing pressures in all areas, the improvement of the environmental monitoring systems, and diversification of the energetic matrix, nowadays dependent for the most part on oil and hydroelectric power.
Uruguay is an independent republic since 1825. It is organized on the national level in three autonomous powers: legislature, executive and judiciary. A territorial decentralization of the power exists also, in turn in local governments that possess a legislative power (Junta Departamental) and an executive power (Intendencia). In local areas (departments) both, the laws and national procedure and the local procedure govern. The before mentioned, are subordinate to the laws, decrees and regulations of national scope. In Montevideo the government of the city (Intendencia de Montevideo, IMM and Junta Departmental) elaborates and approve the plans for the city.

The considered project is a Detailed Project elaborated by the IMM and approved by the Junta Departamental (parliament of Montevideo), framed inside the special plan Bahía-Capurro-Bella Vista-La Teja. The general frame in turn is given by the Plan Montevideo elaborated by the IMM in consultancy with the state University (UDELAR).
The administration of the port activity is a competition of the national government across the ANP (Administración Nacional de Puertos).

== Spatial analysis of area/project/plan ==

'''What are the main structural features?
How has it been shaped? Were there any critical decisions?'''

The principal structural features of the project are:

A platform constructed on the North-East edge of the bay that articulates public space with productive, recreative and commercial activities.
This platform includes a pier, a coastal walk, office and residential towers that are to the scale of the Montevideo´s bay and hill.
This project implies an environmental previous recovery. The environmental conditions of the bay are expected to be improved significantly with the completion of the municipal sanitation plan IV. (IMM foreseen for 2012).
A critical aspect is the proximity of the oil refinery. Its movement does not seem to be feasible in a short-term, due to the investment needed (the Uruguayan State cannot confront it today) and due to his strategic location near the port and the routes of access to the city. Anyway, the landscape of the bay has much of a industrial landscape and this would be positive if it would not implied certain levels of pollution.
Another critical aspect of this project relates to the articulation of the different involved scales (that is, scale of the bay, scale of the port infrastructures, scale of the cars, scale of the pedestrian). The reference images let see this difficulty.

=== Analysis of program/function ===
* What are the main functional characteristics?
* How have they been expressed or incorporated?

This project involves the construction of a new place for public use that integrates various activity areas such as:

a fishing pier, recreational areas (marina, walkways, swimming pools), commercial areas (a ferry terminal for the Montevideo-Buenos Aires line, a terminal for large international cruises, hotels, offices) and residential areas (in a tower typology).

The project is at an early stage thus the land usage appear as a general zoning.

=== Analysis of design/planning process ===
* How was the area/project/plan formulated and implemented?
*Were there any important consultations/collaborations?
The Montevideo plan (Plan Montevideo-POT) in its management report, sets out areas for promotion, within which the Bay has a prominent place. In this case the aim is to promote the recovery of the link between the city and the bay, the densification of the area, enhance residential areas and improve the relationship port-city.

Planning for the city of Montevideo has been present throughout history. The POT (Land Use Plan), Plan Montevideo, 1998 (currently under revision since 2005), was adopted by the Parliament of Montevideo after a process of preparation, evaluation and public consultation in which governments , academics and members of civil society worked. This is a general plan that regulates and structures the actions in the territory. This plan intended to innovate in organization and management tools for planning, understood this as a process that must include citizen participation.

With respect to the regulation framework, the current project integrates various and diverse instruments, included in the POT (Departmental Decree 28242) and complies with the provisions of the Law of territorial planning and sustainable development (National Law 18308). The initiative, as required by law, was presented at three public hearings before being sent by the City Government to the City Parliament for final approval.

POT instruments that are present in this project are:

Special Management Plan (BELLA VISTA-CAPURRO-LA TEJA)

Promotion Area (BAY). They are territorial units with priority for action, with long range projection, combining public and private actors.

Detailed Project (STRIP EDGE-CAPURRO BELLA VISTA), this is an instrument developed by the General Plan, the Special Plans and the Zonal Plans Management.

Action Units (Bella Vista pier). It is a land management tool in urban, rural or suburban potentially developable land, within a defined area that aim to synchronize their implementation through Detailed Projects. In this case, it articulates the installation of the fishing port, residential developments in the coastal strip, public spaces and the connection Capurro Neighbourhood - Capurro Park - Bay.

=== Analysis of use/users ===
* How is the area/project/plan used and by whom?
* Is the use changing? Are there any issues?

This is an area currently inaccessible and without a clear use. This area is at the same time facing the expansive pressure of the port of Montevideo. It is surrounded by old industrial buildings and others that are still in use such as the oil refinery and a power plant. Both are state-owned.

The closure of these plants, which are sources of contamination does not seem feasible in the short term. That would depend on the change in the country's energy matrix. This process of energy source substitution and energy diversification has already begun but slowly, with the use of biofuels, deployment of wind farms and solar energy, used mainly at home and in hotel buildings.
There are feasibility studies (and three possible locations) and is on the agenda of Montevideo, the construction of a wind farm that would supply energy for all street lighting of the city. This transformation together with the completion of construction of the IV sanitation plan in 2012 would improve significantly the environmental condition of the bay.

The Bahia -Capurro-Bella Vista project proposes new uses (recreational, residential, commercial) in this border and improve the physical conditions for public access to the bay. Increasing biodiversity in the area looks like a difficult goal to achieve because of the high degree of antropization and the intensity of the proposed activities

=== Core Question 2: What is the role of landscape architecture in this project? ===

In this phase of the project, the landscape architecture plays the role of coordinating and builder of an image-logo, a general and synthetic one, that suggests a possible future. This project-image, acts as a general reference and an object of desire, understandable and useful for negotiating with stakeholders, at an early stage.
The landscape architecture has set up the public and recreational priority for this new place.
It has also defined the project basic components that in this case are the platforms, the pier, the docks, the residential towers, and the natural areas, as well as their disposition.
The landscape architecture has to work out the agenda, as well as the key aspects of the project, ie how to integrate the different scales (which are that of the bay, the port infrastructure, that of the automobile, the district and the pedestrian).

=== Image Gallery ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
</gallery>

=== References ===
Please add literature, documentations and weblinks

----
[[Category:Case Study]]
[[Category:Future Landscapes Group 6 Case Study]]
About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Case Study Montevideo 3

2010-11-23T04:51:15Z

Recobaa: /* Core Question 2: What is the role of landscape architecture in this project? */

---> back to overview of [[Future Landscapes Group 6]]

'''add your case study title''' by ''add authors''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''PROYECTO DE DETALLE BAHÍA - CAPURRO - BELLA VISTA''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Montevideo''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Uruguay''
|-
| '''Office''' || style="background:Lavender"|''IMM_intendencia Municipal de Montevideo-departamento de planificación/coordinator: Arq. Ulises Torrado''
|-
| '''Client''' || style="background:Lavender"|''IMM_Intendencia de Montevideo''
|-
| '''Completion''' || style="background:Lavender"|''not completed/in process''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:MVD_BAY1_biosgroup03.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| <googlemap version="0.9" lat="-34.86" lon="-56.20" type="satellite" zoom="11" width="300" height="250">
</googlemap>
|}

=== Core Question 1: In how far does this project reveal your concept of future landscapes? ===
This project, with all it´s faults , reveals our concept of future landscape in the meaning that it attempts to articulate diverse interests, sometimes conflicting (economic interests and socio-cultural) and different actors (public and private) in order to achieve the common good: that is negotiate for (re)build a public place and an emblematic landscape: Montevideo´s bay, part of our collective heritage, today degraded and submitted to diverse pressures.
What is valued as interesting of this project is not it´s formalization or design (which is preliminary and very general), but what underlies, which is it´s intention of solving contradictions, the channelling of the multiple and opposite interests in a balanced way and also the challenges that faces: the diversity of scales that are at stake, the pollution that should be reverted and the lack of biodiversity.
The landscape of future, in an increasing complexity context, should be constructed on the base of a negotiation with nature (human and not human nature) and from a deep knowledge of our environment with the aim to reach a balanced and sustainable development. That is, landscape should be conceived, even in the smallest actions, as the legacy of our time for the future generations.

== '''Landscape and/or urban context''' ==

'''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics'''

The Montevideo´s bay, the hill and the peninsula that enclose it, are geographical particularities that are closely bound to the origin and development of the city.
Montevideo was founded in 1720 for strategic and military reasons, in the context of territorial disputes between the Portuguese and Spanish Empire. The bay and the peninsula offered perfect natural conditions to establish a port and a defensive device in the entry of the Rio de la Plata river. Montevideo owes its name to the cartographic record of the hill that is next the bay. In these records, this hill was appearing as MONTE VI D/E-O (i.e. the sixth Mount -or hill-, in East – West direction). This hill is right in front of the enclave of the considered project.
The port has been from its foundation and continues still being, a key factor in the development of the city. There, historically, have arrived and have departed, merchant ships, military ships, fishing boats, ships with immigrants, with people brought as slaves from Africa during the XVIII century and with travellers.
The port of Montevideo is nowadays in a process of expansion.
The city, initially fortified, has developed from the peninsula eastward and North on the bay. This happened in successive extensions upon a softly wavy topography, respecting the old colonial roads and by using a reticle as organization device. The reticle (grid), of Greek / Roman inspiration, was widely used by the Spanish empire in the foundation of American cities.
The bay has been affected in his edges by the port and industrial activity. There exist nowadays many facilities of significative size that have been abandoned and are obsolet. It still remains on its edge an oil refinery, that belongs and supplies fuels to the ANCAP company. Several state companies (ANCAP, ANTEL, UTE, ANP) have infrastructure or offices there.
Two streams (Miguelete and Pantanoso) end in the bay. These streams that cross a large part of the city, have been a pollution source with domestic and industrial residues during the second half of the XX century. The bay presents nowadays significant levels of pollution, that are expected to be reverted in the short term, by the completion of the municipal sanitation plan IV.

Nevertheless this, some species adapted to environmental stress, still persist. This includes exotic resistant species, that were brought with the ballast´s water of foreign ships anchored in the port.
The Capurro's zone, in the North-East sector of the bay, near the stream Miguelete, was the place in colony times (XVIII th century) a quarantine place for the people that were brought as slaves from Africa. Later (in XIX century) it was a place of water extraction and a sand source for the ballast of oversea ships. At the beginning of the XXth century (1910) the Capurro park was built as a recreative space with direct access to the bay. This constituted a place of reference to the neighborhood and the the city. At the end of the decade of 1980, due to the construction of the route, the park lost his connection with the bay and devaluated itself.

[[image:Montevideo_bay & hill.jpg]]

== Cultural/social/political context ==

'''Brief explanation of culture, political economy, legal framework'''

Montevideo (1.500.000 inhabitants) is the capital of Uruguay (3.500.000 inhabitants) and is located in south of South America. This country borders Northern and East with Brazil, West with Argentina and South with the Atlantic Ocean.
Culturally, Uruguay is the result of his moderate climate, of his peripherial condition, of his small scale and of the mixture of diverse migratory inflows, principally coming from Spain and Italy and in minor measure from the assimilation of the african population brought as slave during the XVIII century. In the first half of the XIXth century, the native population of these lands was totally exterminated and / or assimilated by the dominant european culture in the process of constitution of the "modern State". During the second half of the XIX century and the first half of the XX century the french model was adopted as reference to institutional and educational level.
Uruguay has a long tradition of democratically elected governments and stable institutions. This tradition was interrupted in two occasions by police and military governments between 1933 and 1938 and more recently between 1973 and 1985.
The economy of the country is based on the export of raw materials, agroindustrial products, food products and services in general. The tourism is increasingly relevant in it´s economy.
Nowadays some of the principal sociocultural challenges that Uruguay faces, are the population aging, the need of improvement of labor opportunities and the levels of income of a major part of the population (the poverty reaches 23 % in the whole country), the improvement of education levels in the context of a highly competitive and technology dependent world, the defense of the natural resources of the country opposite to the investor´s increasing pressures in all areas, the improvement of the environmental monitoring systems, and diversification of the energetic matrix, nowadays dependent for the most part on oil and hydroelectric power.
Uruguay is an independent republic since 1825. It is organized on the national level in three autonomous powers: legislature, executive and judiciary. A territorial decentralization of the power exists also, in turn in local governments that possess a legislative power (Junta Departamental) and an executive power (Intendencia). In local areas (departments) both, the laws and national procedure and the local procedure govern. The before mentioned, are subordinate to the laws, decrees and regulations of national scope. In Montevideo the government of the city (Intendencia de Montevideo, IMM and Junta Departmental) elaborates and approve the plans for the city.

The considered project is a Detailed Project elaborated by the IMM and approved by the Junta Departamental (parliament of Montevideo), framed inside the special plan Bahía-Capurro-Bella Vista-La Teja. The general frame in turn is given by the Plan Montevideo elaborated by the IMM in consultancy with the state University (UDELAR).
The administration of the port activity is a competition of the national government across the ANP (Administración Nacional de Puertos).

== Spatial analysis of area/project/plan ==

'''What are the main structural features?
How has it been shaped? Were there any critical decisions?'''

The principal structural features of the project are:

A platform constructed on the North-East edge of the bay that articulates public space with productive, recreative and commercial activities.
This platform includes a pier, a coastal walk, office and residential towers that are to the scale of the Montevideo´s bay and hill.
This project implies an environmental previous recovery. The environmental conditions of the bay are expected to be improved significantly with the completion of the municipal sanitation plan IV. (IMM foreseen for 2012).
A critical aspect is the proximity of the oil refinery. Its movement does not seem to be feasible in a short-term, due to the investment needed (the Uruguayan State cannot confront it today) and due to his strategic location near the port and the routes of access to the city. Anyway, the landscape of the bay has much of a industrial landscape and this would be positive if it would not implied certain levels of pollution.
Another critical aspect of this project relates to the articulation of the different involved scales (that is, scale of the bay, scale of the port infrastructures, scale of the cars, scale of the pedestrian). The reference images let see this difficulty.

=== Analysis of program/function ===
* What are the main functional characteristics?
* How have they been expressed or incorporated?

This project involves the construction of a new place for public use that integrates various activity areas such as:

a fishing pier, recreational areas (marina, walkways, swimming pools), commercial areas (a ferry terminal for the Montevideo-Buenos Aires line, a terminal for large international cruises, hotels, offices) and residential areas (in a tower typology).

The project is at an early stage thus the land usage appear as a general zoning.

=== Analysis of design/planning process ===
* How was the area/project/plan formulated and implemented?
*Were there any important consultations/collaborations?
The Montevideo plan (Plan Montevideo-POT) in its management report, sets out areas for promotion, within which the Bay has a prominent place. In this case the aim is to promote the recovery of the link between the city and the bay, the densification of the area, enhance residential areas and improve the relationship port-city.

Planning for the city of Montevideo has been present throughout history. The POT (Land Use Plan), Plan Montevideo, 1998 (currently under revision since 2005), was adopted by the Parliament of Montevideo after a process of preparation, evaluation and public consultation in which governments , academics and members of civil society worked. This is a general plan that regulates and structures the actions in the territory. This plan intended to innovate in organization and management tools for planning, understood this as a process that must include citizen participation.

With respect to the regulation framework, the current project integrates various and diverse instruments, included in the POT (Departmental Decree 28242) and complies with the provisions of the Law of territorial planning and sustainable development (National Law 18308). The initiative, as required by law, was presented at three public hearings before being sent by the City Government to the City Parliament for final approval.

POT instruments that are present in this project are:

Special Management Plan (BELLA VISTA-CAPURRO-LA TEJA)

Promotion Area (BAY). They are territorial units with priority for action, with long range projection, combining public and private actors.

Detailed Project (STRIP EDGE-CAPURRO BELLA VISTA), this is an instrument developed by the General Plan, the Special Plans and the Zonal Plans Management.

Action Units (Bella Vista pier). It is a land management tool in urban, rural or suburban potentially developable land, within a defined area that aim to synchronize their implementation through Detailed Projects. In this case, it articulates the installation of the fishing port, residential developments in the coastal strip, public spaces and the connection Capurro Neighbourhood - Capurro Park - Bay.

=== Analysis of use/users ===
* How is the area/project/plan used and by whom?
* Is the use changing? Are there any issues?

This is an area currently inaccessible and without a clear use. This area is at the same time facing the expansive pressure of the port of Montevideo. It is surrounded by old industrial buildings and others that are still in use such as the oil refinery and a power plant. Both are state-owned.

The closure of these plants, which are sources of contamination does not seem feasible in the short term. That would depend on the change in the country's energy matrix. This process of energy source substitution and energy diversification has already begun but slowly, with the use of biofuels, deployment of wind farms and solar energy, used mainly at home and in hotel buildings.
There are feasibility studies (and three possible locations) and is on the agenda of Montevideo, the construction of a wind farm that would supply energy for all street lighting of the city. This transformation together with the completion of construction of the IV sanitation plan in 2012 would improve significantly the environmental condition of the bay.

The Bahia -Capurro-Bella Vista project proposes new uses (recreational, residential, commercial) in this border and improve the physical conditions for public access to the bay. Increasing biodiversity in the area looks like a difficult goal to achieve because of the high degree of antropization and the intensity of the proposed activities

=== Core Question 2: What is the role of landscape architecture in this project? ===

In this phase of the project, the landscape architecture plays the role of coordinating and builder of an image-logo, a general and synthetic one, that suggests a possible future. This project-image, acts as a general reference and an object of desire, understandable and useful for negotiating with stakeholders, at an early stage.
The landscape architecture has set up the public and recreational priority for this new place.
It has also defined the project basic components that in this case are the platforms, the pier, the docks, the residential towers, and the natural areas, as well as their disposition.
The landscape architecture has to work out the agenda, as well as the key aspects of the project, ie how to integrate the different scales (which are that of the bay, the port infrastructure, that of the automobile, the district and the pedestrian).

=== You may add 1-2 more core questions as discussed in your group ===

=== Image Gallery ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
</gallery>

=== References ===
Please add literature, documentations and weblinks

----
[[Category:Case Study]]
[[Category:Future Landscapes Group 6 Case Study]]
About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Case Study Montevideo 3

2010-11-23T04:48:37Z

Recobaa: /* Analysis of use/users */

---> back to overview of [[Future Landscapes Group 6]]

'''add your case study title''' by ''add authors''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''PROYECTO DE DETALLE BAHÍA - CAPURRO - BELLA VISTA''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Montevideo''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Uruguay''
|-
| '''Office''' || style="background:Lavender"|''IMM_intendencia Municipal de Montevideo-departamento de planificación/coordinator: Arq. Ulises Torrado''
|-
| '''Client''' || style="background:Lavender"|''IMM_Intendencia de Montevideo''
|-
| '''Completion''' || style="background:Lavender"|''not completed/in process''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:MVD_BAY1_biosgroup03.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| <googlemap version="0.9" lat="-34.86" lon="-56.20" type="satellite" zoom="11" width="300" height="250">
</googlemap>
|}

=== Core Question 1: In how far does this project reveal your concept of future landscapes? ===
This project, with all it´s faults , reveals our concept of future landscape in the meaning that it attempts to articulate diverse interests, sometimes conflicting (economic interests and socio-cultural) and different actors (public and private) in order to achieve the common good: that is negotiate for (re)build a public place and an emblematic landscape: Montevideo´s bay, part of our collective heritage, today degraded and submitted to diverse pressures.
What is valued as interesting of this project is not it´s formalization or design (which is preliminary and very general), but what underlies, which is it´s intention of solving contradictions, the channelling of the multiple and opposite interests in a balanced way and also the challenges that faces: the diversity of scales that are at stake, the pollution that should be reverted and the lack of biodiversity.
The landscape of future, in an increasing complexity context, should be constructed on the base of a negotiation with nature (human and not human nature) and from a deep knowledge of our environment with the aim to reach a balanced and sustainable development. That is, landscape should be conceived, even in the smallest actions, as the legacy of our time for the future generations.

== '''Landscape and/or urban context''' ==

'''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics'''

The Montevideo´s bay, the hill and the peninsula that enclose it, are geographical particularities that are closely bound to the origin and development of the city.
Montevideo was founded in 1720 for strategic and military reasons, in the context of territorial disputes between the Portuguese and Spanish Empire. The bay and the peninsula offered perfect natural conditions to establish a port and a defensive device in the entry of the Rio de la Plata river. Montevideo owes its name to the cartographic record of the hill that is next the bay. In these records, this hill was appearing as MONTE VI D/E-O (i.e. the sixth Mount -or hill-, in East – West direction). This hill is right in front of the enclave of the considered project.
The port has been from its foundation and continues still being, a key factor in the development of the city. There, historically, have arrived and have departed, merchant ships, military ships, fishing boats, ships with immigrants, with people brought as slaves from Africa during the XVIII century and with travellers.
The port of Montevideo is nowadays in a process of expansion.
The city, initially fortified, has developed from the peninsula eastward and North on the bay. This happened in successive extensions upon a softly wavy topography, respecting the old colonial roads and by using a reticle as organization device. The reticle (grid), of Greek / Roman inspiration, was widely used by the Spanish empire in the foundation of American cities.
The bay has been affected in his edges by the port and industrial activity. There exist nowadays many facilities of significative size that have been abandoned and are obsolet. It still remains on its edge an oil refinery, that belongs and supplies fuels to the ANCAP company. Several state companies (ANCAP, ANTEL, UTE, ANP) have infrastructure or offices there.
Two streams (Miguelete and Pantanoso) end in the bay. These streams that cross a large part of the city, have been a pollution source with domestic and industrial residues during the second half of the XX century. The bay presents nowadays significant levels of pollution, that are expected to be reverted in the short term, by the completion of the municipal sanitation plan IV.

Nevertheless this, some species adapted to environmental stress, still persist. This includes exotic resistant species, that were brought with the ballast´s water of foreign ships anchored in the port.
The Capurro's zone, in the North-East sector of the bay, near the stream Miguelete, was the place in colony times (XVIII th century) a quarantine place for the people that were brought as slaves from Africa. Later (in XIX century) it was a place of water extraction and a sand source for the ballast of oversea ships. At the beginning of the XXth century (1910) the Capurro park was built as a recreative space with direct access to the bay. This constituted a place of reference to the neighborhood and the the city. At the end of the decade of 1980, due to the construction of the route, the park lost his connection with the bay and devaluated itself.

[[image:Montevideo_bay & hill.jpg]]

== Cultural/social/political context ==

'''Brief explanation of culture, political economy, legal framework'''

Montevideo (1.500.000 inhabitants) is the capital of Uruguay (3.500.000 inhabitants) and is located in south of South America. This country borders Northern and East with Brazil, West with Argentina and South with the Atlantic Ocean.
Culturally, Uruguay is the result of his moderate climate, of his peripherial condition, of his small scale and of the mixture of diverse migratory inflows, principally coming from Spain and Italy and in minor measure from the assimilation of the african population brought as slave during the XVIII century. In the first half of the XIXth century, the native population of these lands was totally exterminated and / or assimilated by the dominant european culture in the process of constitution of the "modern State". During the second half of the XIX century and the first half of the XX century the french model was adopted as reference to institutional and educational level.
Uruguay has a long tradition of democratically elected governments and stable institutions. This tradition was interrupted in two occasions by police and military governments between 1933 and 1938 and more recently between 1973 and 1985.
The economy of the country is based on the export of raw materials, agroindustrial products, food products and services in general. The tourism is increasingly relevant in it´s economy.
Nowadays some of the principal sociocultural challenges that Uruguay faces, are the population aging, the need of improvement of labor opportunities and the levels of income of a major part of the population (the poverty reaches 23 % in the whole country), the improvement of education levels in the context of a highly competitive and technology dependent world, the defense of the natural resources of the country opposite to the investor´s increasing pressures in all areas, the improvement of the environmental monitoring systems, and diversification of the energetic matrix, nowadays dependent for the most part on oil and hydroelectric power.
Uruguay is an independent republic since 1825. It is organized on the national level in three autonomous powers: legislature, executive and judiciary. A territorial decentralization of the power exists also, in turn in local governments that possess a legislative power (Junta Departamental) and an executive power (Intendencia). In local areas (departments) both, the laws and national procedure and the local procedure govern. The before mentioned, are subordinate to the laws, decrees and regulations of national scope. In Montevideo the government of the city (Intendencia de Montevideo, IMM and Junta Departmental) elaborates and approve the plans for the city.

The considered project is a Detailed Project elaborated by the IMM and approved by the Junta Departamental (parliament of Montevideo), framed inside the special plan Bahía-Capurro-Bella Vista-La Teja. The general frame in turn is given by the Plan Montevideo elaborated by the IMM in consultancy with the state University (UDELAR).
The administration of the port activity is a competition of the national government across the ANP (Administración Nacional de Puertos).

== Spatial analysis of area/project/plan ==

'''What are the main structural features?
How has it been shaped? Were there any critical decisions?'''

The principal structural features of the project are:

A platform constructed on the North-East edge of the bay that articulates public space with productive, recreative and commercial activities.
This platform includes a pier, a coastal walk, office and residential towers that are to the scale of the Montevideo´s bay and hill.
This project implies an environmental previous recovery. The environmental conditions of the bay are expected to be improved significantly with the completion of the municipal sanitation plan IV. (IMM foreseen for 2012).
A critical aspect is the proximity of the oil refinery. Its movement does not seem to be feasible in a short-term, due to the investment needed (the Uruguayan State cannot confront it today) and due to his strategic location near the port and the routes of access to the city. Anyway, the landscape of the bay has much of a industrial landscape and this would be positive if it would not implied certain levels of pollution.
Another critical aspect of this project relates to the articulation of the different involved scales (that is, scale of the bay, scale of the port infrastructures, scale of the cars, scale of the pedestrian). The reference images let see this difficulty.

=== Analysis of program/function ===
* What are the main functional characteristics?
* How have they been expressed or incorporated?

This project involves the construction of a new place for public use that integrates various activity areas such as:

a fishing pier, recreational areas (marina, walkways, swimming pools), commercial areas (a ferry terminal for the Montevideo-Buenos Aires line, a terminal for large international cruises, hotels, offices) and residential areas (in a tower typology).

The project is at an early stage thus the land usage appear as a general zoning.

=== Analysis of design/planning process ===
* How was the area/project/plan formulated and implemented?
*Were there any important consultations/collaborations?
The Montevideo plan (Plan Montevideo-POT) in its management report, sets out areas for promotion, within which the Bay has a prominent place. In this case the aim is to promote the recovery of the link between the city and the bay, the densification of the area, enhance residential areas and improve the relationship port-city.

Planning for the city of Montevideo has been present throughout history. The POT (Land Use Plan), Plan Montevideo, 1998 (currently under revision since 2005), was adopted by the Parliament of Montevideo after a process of preparation, evaluation and public consultation in which governments , academics and members of civil society worked. This is a general plan that regulates and structures the actions in the territory. This plan intended to innovate in organization and management tools for planning, understood this as a process that must include citizen participation.

With respect to the regulation framework, the current project integrates various and diverse instruments, included in the POT (Departmental Decree 28242) and complies with the provisions of the Law of territorial planning and sustainable development (National Law 18308). The initiative, as required by law, was presented at three public hearings before being sent by the City Government to the City Parliament for final approval.

POT instruments that are present in this project are:

Special Management Plan (BELLA VISTA-CAPURRO-LA TEJA)

Promotion Area (BAY). They are territorial units with priority for action, with long range projection, combining public and private actors.

Detailed Project (STRIP EDGE-CAPURRO BELLA VISTA), this is an instrument developed by the General Plan, the Special Plans and the Zonal Plans Management.

Action Units (Bella Vista pier). It is a land management tool in urban, rural or suburban potentially developable land, within a defined area that aim to synchronize their implementation through Detailed Projects. In this case, it articulates the installation of the fishing port, residential developments in the coastal strip, public spaces and the connection Capurro Neighbourhood - Capurro Park - Bay.

=== Analysis of use/users ===
* How is the area/project/plan used and by whom?
* Is the use changing? Are there any issues?

This is an area currently inaccessible and without a clear use. This area is at the same time facing the expansive pressure of the port of Montevideo. It is surrounded by old industrial buildings and others that are still in use such as the oil refinery and a power plant. Both are state-owned.

The closure of these plants, which are sources of contamination does not seem feasible in the short term. That would depend on the change in the country's energy matrix. This process of energy source substitution and energy diversification has already begun but slowly, with the use of biofuels, deployment of wind farms and solar energy, used mainly at home and in hotel buildings.
There are feasibility studies (and three possible locations) and is on the agenda of Montevideo, the construction of a wind farm that would supply energy for all street lighting of the city. This transformation together with the completion of construction of the IV sanitation plan in 2012 would improve significantly the environmental condition of the bay.

The Bahia -Capurro-Bella Vista project proposes new uses (recreational, residential, commercial) in this border and improve the physical conditions for public access to the bay. Increasing biodiversity in the area looks like a difficult goal to achieve because of the high degree of antropization and the intensity of the proposed activities

=== Core Question 2: What is the role of landscape architecture in this project? ===

=== You may add 1-2 more core questions as discussed in your group ===

=== Image Gallery ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
</gallery>

=== References ===
Please add literature, documentations and weblinks

----
[[Category:Case Study]]
[[Category:Future Landscapes Group 6 Case Study]]
About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Case Study Montevideo 3

2010-11-23T04:45:30Z

Recobaa: /* Analysis of design/planning process */

---> back to overview of [[Future Landscapes Group 6]]

'''add your case study title''' by ''add authors''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''PROYECTO DE DETALLE BAHÍA - CAPURRO - BELLA VISTA''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Montevideo''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Uruguay''
|-
| '''Office''' || style="background:Lavender"|''IMM_intendencia Municipal de Montevideo-departamento de planificación/coordinator: Arq. Ulises Torrado''
|-
| '''Client''' || style="background:Lavender"|''IMM_Intendencia de Montevideo''
|-
| '''Completion''' || style="background:Lavender"|''not completed/in process''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:MVD_BAY1_biosgroup03.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| <googlemap version="0.9" lat="-34.86" lon="-56.20" type="satellite" zoom="11" width="300" height="250">
</googlemap>
|}

=== Core Question 1: In how far does this project reveal your concept of future landscapes? ===
This project, with all it´s faults , reveals our concept of future landscape in the meaning that it attempts to articulate diverse interests, sometimes conflicting (economic interests and socio-cultural) and different actors (public and private) in order to achieve the common good: that is negotiate for (re)build a public place and an emblematic landscape: Montevideo´s bay, part of our collective heritage, today degraded and submitted to diverse pressures.
What is valued as interesting of this project is not it´s formalization or design (which is preliminary and very general), but what underlies, which is it´s intention of solving contradictions, the channelling of the multiple and opposite interests in a balanced way and also the challenges that faces: the diversity of scales that are at stake, the pollution that should be reverted and the lack of biodiversity.
The landscape of future, in an increasing complexity context, should be constructed on the base of a negotiation with nature (human and not human nature) and from a deep knowledge of our environment with the aim to reach a balanced and sustainable development. That is, landscape should be conceived, even in the smallest actions, as the legacy of our time for the future generations.

== '''Landscape and/or urban context''' ==

'''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics'''

The Montevideo´s bay, the hill and the peninsula that enclose it, are geographical particularities that are closely bound to the origin and development of the city.
Montevideo was founded in 1720 for strategic and military reasons, in the context of territorial disputes between the Portuguese and Spanish Empire. The bay and the peninsula offered perfect natural conditions to establish a port and a defensive device in the entry of the Rio de la Plata river. Montevideo owes its name to the cartographic record of the hill that is next the bay. In these records, this hill was appearing as MONTE VI D/E-O (i.e. the sixth Mount -or hill-, in East – West direction). This hill is right in front of the enclave of the considered project.
The port has been from its foundation and continues still being, a key factor in the development of the city. There, historically, have arrived and have departed, merchant ships, military ships, fishing boats, ships with immigrants, with people brought as slaves from Africa during the XVIII century and with travellers.
The port of Montevideo is nowadays in a process of expansion.
The city, initially fortified, has developed from the peninsula eastward and North on the bay. This happened in successive extensions upon a softly wavy topography, respecting the old colonial roads and by using a reticle as organization device. The reticle (grid), of Greek / Roman inspiration, was widely used by the Spanish empire in the foundation of American cities.
The bay has been affected in his edges by the port and industrial activity. There exist nowadays many facilities of significative size that have been abandoned and are obsolet. It still remains on its edge an oil refinery, that belongs and supplies fuels to the ANCAP company. Several state companies (ANCAP, ANTEL, UTE, ANP) have infrastructure or offices there.
Two streams (Miguelete and Pantanoso) end in the bay. These streams that cross a large part of the city, have been a pollution source with domestic and industrial residues during the second half of the XX century. The bay presents nowadays significant levels of pollution, that are expected to be reverted in the short term, by the completion of the municipal sanitation plan IV.

Nevertheless this, some species adapted to environmental stress, still persist. This includes exotic resistant species, that were brought with the ballast´s water of foreign ships anchored in the port.
The Capurro's zone, in the North-East sector of the bay, near the stream Miguelete, was the place in colony times (XVIII th century) a quarantine place for the people that were brought as slaves from Africa. Later (in XIX century) it was a place of water extraction and a sand source for the ballast of oversea ships. At the beginning of the XXth century (1910) the Capurro park was built as a recreative space with direct access to the bay. This constituted a place of reference to the neighborhood and the the city. At the end of the decade of 1980, due to the construction of the route, the park lost his connection with the bay and devaluated itself.

[[image:Montevideo_bay & hill.jpg]]

== Cultural/social/political context ==

'''Brief explanation of culture, political economy, legal framework'''

Montevideo (1.500.000 inhabitants) is the capital of Uruguay (3.500.000 inhabitants) and is located in south of South America. This country borders Northern and East with Brazil, West with Argentina and South with the Atlantic Ocean.
Culturally, Uruguay is the result of his moderate climate, of his peripherial condition, of his small scale and of the mixture of diverse migratory inflows, principally coming from Spain and Italy and in minor measure from the assimilation of the african population brought as slave during the XVIII century. In the first half of the XIXth century, the native population of these lands was totally exterminated and / or assimilated by the dominant european culture in the process of constitution of the "modern State". During the second half of the XIX century and the first half of the XX century the french model was adopted as reference to institutional and educational level.
Uruguay has a long tradition of democratically elected governments and stable institutions. This tradition was interrupted in two occasions by police and military governments between 1933 and 1938 and more recently between 1973 and 1985.
The economy of the country is based on the export of raw materials, agroindustrial products, food products and services in general. The tourism is increasingly relevant in it´s economy.
Nowadays some of the principal sociocultural challenges that Uruguay faces, are the population aging, the need of improvement of labor opportunities and the levels of income of a major part of the population (the poverty reaches 23 % in the whole country), the improvement of education levels in the context of a highly competitive and technology dependent world, the defense of the natural resources of the country opposite to the investor´s increasing pressures in all areas, the improvement of the environmental monitoring systems, and diversification of the energetic matrix, nowadays dependent for the most part on oil and hydroelectric power.
Uruguay is an independent republic since 1825. It is organized on the national level in three autonomous powers: legislature, executive and judiciary. A territorial decentralization of the power exists also, in turn in local governments that possess a legislative power (Junta Departamental) and an executive power (Intendencia). In local areas (departments) both, the laws and national procedure and the local procedure govern. The before mentioned, are subordinate to the laws, decrees and regulations of national scope. In Montevideo the government of the city (Intendencia de Montevideo, IMM and Junta Departmental) elaborates and approve the plans for the city.

The considered project is a Detailed Project elaborated by the IMM and approved by the Junta Departamental (parliament of Montevideo), framed inside the special plan Bahía-Capurro-Bella Vista-La Teja. The general frame in turn is given by the Plan Montevideo elaborated by the IMM in consultancy with the state University (UDELAR).
The administration of the port activity is a competition of the national government across the ANP (Administración Nacional de Puertos).

== Spatial analysis of area/project/plan ==

'''What are the main structural features?
How has it been shaped? Were there any critical decisions?'''

The principal structural features of the project are:

A platform constructed on the North-East edge of the bay that articulates public space with productive, recreative and commercial activities.
This platform includes a pier, a coastal walk, office and residential towers that are to the scale of the Montevideo´s bay and hill.
This project implies an environmental previous recovery. The environmental conditions of the bay are expected to be improved significantly with the completion of the municipal sanitation plan IV. (IMM foreseen for 2012).
A critical aspect is the proximity of the oil refinery. Its movement does not seem to be feasible in a short-term, due to the investment needed (the Uruguayan State cannot confront it today) and due to his strategic location near the port and the routes of access to the city. Anyway, the landscape of the bay has much of a industrial landscape and this would be positive if it would not implied certain levels of pollution.
Another critical aspect of this project relates to the articulation of the different involved scales (that is, scale of the bay, scale of the port infrastructures, scale of the cars, scale of the pedestrian). The reference images let see this difficulty.

=== Analysis of program/function ===
* What are the main functional characteristics?
* How have they been expressed or incorporated?

This project involves the construction of a new place for public use that integrates various activity areas such as:

a fishing pier, recreational areas (marina, walkways, swimming pools), commercial areas (a ferry terminal for the Montevideo-Buenos Aires line, a terminal for large international cruises, hotels, offices) and residential areas (in a tower typology).

The project is at an early stage thus the land usage appear as a general zoning.

=== Analysis of design/planning process ===
* How was the area/project/plan formulated and implemented?
*Were there any important consultations/collaborations?
The Montevideo plan (Plan Montevideo-POT) in its management report, sets out areas for promotion, within which the Bay has a prominent place. In this case the aim is to promote the recovery of the link between the city and the bay, the densification of the area, enhance residential areas and improve the relationship port-city.

Planning for the city of Montevideo has been present throughout history. The POT (Land Use Plan), Plan Montevideo, 1998 (currently under revision since 2005), was adopted by the Parliament of Montevideo after a process of preparation, evaluation and public consultation in which governments , academics and members of civil society worked. This is a general plan that regulates and structures the actions in the territory. This plan intended to innovate in organization and management tools for planning, understood this as a process that must include citizen participation.

With respect to the regulation framework, the current project integrates various and diverse instruments, included in the POT (Departmental Decree 28242) and complies with the provisions of the Law of territorial planning and sustainable development (National Law 18308). The initiative, as required by law, was presented at three public hearings before being sent by the City Government to the City Parliament for final approval.

POT instruments that are present in this project are:

Special Management Plan (BELLA VISTA-CAPURRO-LA TEJA)

Promotion Area (BAY). They are territorial units with priority for action, with long range projection, combining public and private actors.

Detailed Project (STRIP EDGE-CAPURRO BELLA VISTA), this is an instrument developed by the General Plan, the Special Plans and the Zonal Plans Management.

Action Units (Bella Vista pier). It is a land management tool in urban, rural or suburban potentially developable land, within a defined area that aim to synchronize their implementation through Detailed Projects. In this case, it articulates the installation of the fishing port, residential developments in the coastal strip, public spaces and the connection Capurro Neighbourhood - Capurro Park - Bay.

=== Analysis of use/users ===
* How is the area/project/plan used and by whom?
* Is the use changing? Are there any issues?
Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

=== Core Question 2: What is the role of landscape architecture in this project? ===

=== You may add 1-2 more core questions as discussed in your group ===

=== Image Gallery ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
</gallery>

=== References ===
Please add literature, documentations and weblinks

----
[[Category:Case Study]]
[[Category:Future Landscapes Group 6 Case Study]]
About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Case Study Montevideo 3

2010-11-23T04:42:56Z

Recobaa: /* Analysis of program/function */

Case Study Montevideo 3

2010-11-23T04:39:18Z

Recobaa: /* Spatial analysis of area/project/plan */

Case Study Montevideo 3

2010-11-23T04:35:31Z

Recobaa: /* Cultural/social/political context */

Case Study Montevideo 3

2010-11-23T04:32:48Z

Recobaa: /* Core Question 1: In how far does this project reveal your concept of future landscapes? */

Case Study Montevideo 3

2010-11-23T04:25:36Z

Recobaa: /* Core Question 1: In how far does this project reveal your concept of future landscapes? */

Case Study Montevideo 3

2010-11-23T04:23:16Z

Recobaa: /* Landscape and/or urban context */

Case Study Montevideo 3

2010-11-23T04:18:54Z

Recobaa: /* Core Question 1: In how far does this project reveal your concept of future landscapes? */

Case Study Montevideo 3

2010-11-22T17:19:54Z

Recobaa:

Case Study Montevideo 3

2010-11-22T17:03:50Z

Recobaa:

File:Projectimage.jpg

2010-11-22T16:54:30Z

Recobaa:

[[IMAGE:MVD_BAY1_biosgroup03.jpg]]

File:Projectimage.jpg

2010-11-22T16:49:48Z

Recobaa: Removing all content from page

File:Projectimage.jpg

2010-11-22T16:36:55Z

Recobaa:

[[MVD_BAY1_biosgroup03.JPG]]

File:MVD BAY1 biosgroup03.jpg

2010-11-22T16:28:11Z

Recobaa:

Analysis of a Landscape Transect BIOS Group 3

2010-11-13T00:46:38Z

Recobaa: /* Landscape Video */

---> Back to [[Assignment_2:_Analysis_of_a_landscape_transect|overview of groups]]

'''Students:'''
Please write your names here....

== Landscape Video ==
<videoflash>Gb2DdQpIUSU</videoflash>
<videoflash>5ENbJYv7ZXw</videoflash>

== Presentation Slides ==
<gallery caption= widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-1.jpg|bios group3
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-2.jpg|slide 01
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-3.jpg|slide 02
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-4.jpg|slide 03
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-5.jpg|slide 04
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-6.jpg|slide 05
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-7.jpg|slide 06
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-8.jpg|slide 07
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-9.jpg|slide 08
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-10.jpg|slide 09
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-11.jpg|slide 10
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-12.jpg|slide 11
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-13.jpg|slide 12
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-14.jpg|slide 13/REFERENCE POINT#1
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-15.jpg|slide 14/REFERENCE POINT#2
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-16.jpg|slide 15/REFERENCE POINT#3
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-17.jpg|slide 16/REFERENCE POINT#4
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-18.jpg|slide 17/REFERENCE POINT#5
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-19.jpg|slide 18/REFERENCE POINT#6
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-20.jpg|slide 19/REFERENCE POINT#7
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-21.jpg|slide 20/REFERENCE POINT#8

</gallery>

[[Category: Analysis of a Landscape Transect]]

File:101109 Conceptsoflandscapeseminar MVD biosgroup3-1.jpg

2010-11-12T01:57:58Z

Recobaa: uploaded a new version of "Image:101109 Conceptsoflandscapeseminar MVD biosgroup3-1.jpg": Reverted to version as of 01:51, 12 November 2010

File:101109 Conceptsoflandscapeseminar MVD biosgroup3-1.jpg

2010-11-12T01:55:56Z

Recobaa: uploaded a new version of "Image:101109 Conceptsoflandscapeseminar MVD biosgroup3-1.jpg"

File:101109 Conceptsoflandscapeseminar MVD biosgroup3-1.jpg

2010-11-12T01:51:55Z

Recobaa: uploaded a new version of "Image:101109 Conceptsoflandscapeseminar MVD biosgroup3-1.jpg"

Analysis of a Landscape Transect BIOS Group 3

2010-11-12T01:22:42Z

Recobaa: /* Landscape Video */

---> Back to [[Assignment_2:_Analysis_of_a_landscape_transect|overview of groups]]

'''Students:'''
Please write your names here....

== Landscape Video ==
<videoflash>Gb2DdQpIUSU</videoflash>

== Presentation Slides ==
<gallery caption= widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-1.jpg|bios group3
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-2.jpg|slide 01
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-3.jpg|slide 02
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-4.jpg|slide 03
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-5.jpg|slide 04
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-6.jpg|slide 05
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-7.jpg|slide 06
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-8.jpg|slide 07
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-9.jpg|slide 08
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-10.jpg|slide 09
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-11.jpg|slide 10
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-12.jpg|slide 11
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-13.jpg|slide 12
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-14.jpg|slide 13/REFERENCE POINT#1
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-15.jpg|slide 14/REFERENCE POINT#2
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-16.jpg|slide 15/REFERENCE POINT#3
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-17.jpg|slide 16/REFERENCE POINT#4
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-18.jpg|slide 17/REFERENCE POINT#5
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-19.jpg|slide 18/REFERENCE POINT#6
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-20.jpg|slide 19/REFERENCE POINT#7
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-21.jpg|slide 20/REFERENCE POINT#8

</gallery>

[[Category: Analysis of a Landscape Transect]]

Analysis of a Landscape Transect BIOS Group 3

2010-11-12T01:22:25Z

Recobaa: /* Landscape Video */

---> Back to [[Assignment_2:_Analysis_of_a_landscape_transect|overview of groups]]

'''Students:'''
Please write your names here....

== Landscape Video ==
<videoflash>Gb2DdQpIUSU</videoflash>

*''N.B.: You can show your youtube video very easily by entering the code of your video between these two videoflash tags (see also an example [[Assignment_2:_Analysis_of_a_landscape_transect#Test_Video|here]]). The code of your video is generated automatically and appears as part of its youtube link. This is usually a combination of letters and numbers such as this one: "1dJ-dmSW-Sw?fs".
''

== Presentation Slides ==
<gallery caption= widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-1.jpg|bios group3
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-2.jpg|slide 01
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-3.jpg|slide 02
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-4.jpg|slide 03
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-5.jpg|slide 04
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-6.jpg|slide 05
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-7.jpg|slide 06
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-8.jpg|slide 07
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-9.jpg|slide 08
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-10.jpg|slide 09
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-11.jpg|slide 10
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-12.jpg|slide 11
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-13.jpg|slide 12
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-14.jpg|slide 13/REFERENCE POINT#1
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-15.jpg|slide 14/REFERENCE POINT#2
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-16.jpg|slide 15/REFERENCE POINT#3
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-17.jpg|slide 16/REFERENCE POINT#4
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-18.jpg|slide 17/REFERENCE POINT#5
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-19.jpg|slide 18/REFERENCE POINT#6
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-20.jpg|slide 19/REFERENCE POINT#7
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-21.jpg|slide 20/REFERENCE POINT#8

</gallery>

[[Category: Analysis of a Landscape Transect]]

Analysis of a Landscape Transect BIOS Group 3

2010-11-09T17:12:31Z

Recobaa: /* Presentation Slides */

---> Back to [[Assignment_2:_Analysis_of_a_landscape_transect|overview of groups]]

'''Students:'''
Please write your names here....

== Landscape Video ==
<videoflash>5ENbJYv7ZXw</videoflash>

*''N.B.: You can show your youtube video very easily by entering the code of your video between these two videoflash tags (see also an example [[Assignment_2:_Analysis_of_a_landscape_transect#Test_Video|here]]). The code of your video is generated automatically and appears as part of its youtube link. This is usually a combination of letters and numbers such as this one: "1dJ-dmSW-Sw?fs".
''

== Presentation Slides ==
<gallery caption= widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-1.jpg|bios group3
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-2.jpg|slide 01
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-3.jpg|slide 02
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-4.jpg|slide 03
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-5.jpg|slide 04
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-6.jpg|slide 05
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-7.jpg|slide 06
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-8.jpg|slide 07
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-9.jpg|slide 08
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-10.jpg|slide 09
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-11.jpg|slide 10
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-12.jpg|slide 11
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-13.jpg|slide 12
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-14.jpg|slide 13/REFERENCE POINT#1
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-15.jpg|slide 14/REFERENCE POINT#2
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-16.jpg|slide 15/REFERENCE POINT#3
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-17.jpg|slide 16/REFERENCE POINT#4
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-18.jpg|slide 17/REFERENCE POINT#5
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-19.jpg|slide 18/REFERENCE POINT#6
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-20.jpg|slide 19/REFERENCE POINT#7
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-21.jpg|slide 20/REFERENCE POINT#8

</gallery>

[[Category: Analysis of a Landscape Transect]]

Analysis of a Landscape Transect BIOS Group 3

2010-11-09T17:09:33Z

Recobaa: /* Presentation Slides */

---> Back to [[Assignment_2:_Analysis_of_a_landscape_transect|overview of groups]]

'''Students:'''
Please write your names here....

== Landscape Video ==
<videoflash>5ENbJYv7ZXw</videoflash>

*''N.B.: You can show your youtube video very easily by entering the code of your video between these two videoflash tags (see also an example [[Assignment_2:_Analysis_of_a_landscape_transect#Test_Video|here]]). The code of your video is generated automatically and appears as part of its youtube link. This is usually a combination of letters and numbers such as this one: "1dJ-dmSW-Sw?fs".
''

== Presentation Slides ==
<gallery caption= widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-1.jpg|bios group3
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-2.jpg|slide 01
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-3.jpg|slide 02
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-4.jpg|slide 03
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-5.jpg|slide 04
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-6.jpg|slide 05
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-7.jpg|slide 06
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-8.jpg|slide 07
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-9.jpg|slide 08
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-10.jpg|slide 09
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-11.jpg|slide 10
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-12.jpg|slide 11
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-13.jpg|slide 12
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-14.jpg|slide 13
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-15.jpg|slide 14
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-16.jpg|slide 15
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-17.jpg|slide 16
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-18.jpg|slide 17
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-19.jpg|slide 18
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-20.jpg|slide 19
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-21.jpg|slide 20

</gallery>

[[Category: Analysis of a Landscape Transect]]

Analysis of a Landscape Transect BIOS Group 3

2010-11-09T17:07:22Z

Recobaa: /* Presentation Slides */

---> Back to [[Assignment_2:_Analysis_of_a_landscape_transect|overview of groups]]

'''Students:'''
Please write your names here....

== Landscape Video ==
<videoflash>5ENbJYv7ZXw</videoflash>

*''N.B.: You can show your youtube video very easily by entering the code of your video between these two videoflash tags (see also an example [[Assignment_2:_Analysis_of_a_landscape_transect#Test_Video|here]]). The code of your video is generated automatically and appears as part of its youtube link. This is usually a combination of letters and numbers such as this one: "1dJ-dmSW-Sw?fs".
''

== Presentation Slides ==
<gallery caption= widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-1.jpg|bios group3
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-2.jpg|slide 01
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-3.jpg|slide 02
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-4.jpg|slide 03
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-5.jpg|slide 04
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-6.jpg|slide 05
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-7.jpg|slide 06
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-8.jpg|slide 07
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-9.jpg|slide 08
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-10.jpg|slide 09
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-11.jpg|slide 10
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-12.jpg|slide 11
Image:101109_Conceptsoflandscapeseminar_MVD_biosgroup3-13.jpg|slide 12
Image:.jpg|slide 13
Image:.jpg|slide 14
Image:.jpg|slide 15
Image:.jpg|slide 16
Image:.jpg|slide 17
Image:.jpg|slide 18
Image:.jpg|slide 19
Image:.jpg|slide 20

</gallery>

[[Category: Analysis of a Landscape Transect]]

Analysis of a Landscape Transect BIOS Group 3

2010-11-09T16:52:52Z

Recobaa: /* Presentation Slides */