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Collaborative Design Planting Design Working Group 6

2014-01-28T10:06:56Z

Maria.fernanda: /* Design Synthesis */

---> back to group page [[Planting_Design_2013_-_Working_Group_6|working group 6]]

'''''Tayrona National Natural Park: Natural environments, and how they return us to our roots.'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Tayrona National Natural Park''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Colombian Caribbean - Magdalena''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Colombia''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''María Fernanda González Duque, Hyeyoon Choi, Ladan Badiee, Jeroen Geudens''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:p.tayrona.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=11.296934
|lng=-74.166496
|zoom=8
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

The Tayrona National Natural Park (Spanish: Parque Nacional Natural Tayrona), is located in the Department of Magdalena, north of Colombia, in the Caribbean sea. With approximately 30 Km2 of maritime area and 150 Km2 of land area, is one of the most visited Natural parks of this country. Its extension goes from Taganga (western side) trough the coastline, until the Piedras River (eastern side).

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:t.mapa.jpg|''Park Location''
Image:t.mapa2.jpg
Image:t.mapa3.jpg
</gallery>

*'''''Biogeography''':

'''''Ecosystems''''':
Due to the different altitudes presents around the park and the pyramid shape of the mountains, we can find temperatures between 25º and 32º, these conditions makes the park have a very dry or wet weather; here we can find tropical rainforest, dry forest, spiny forest, submontane forest, cloud forest and several ecosystems, such as Mangroves, Seagrasses, Coral reefs, Rocky coastline, Lagoons, etc.

'''''Hydrography''''':
Consists of two drainage systems, the maritime one is formed by a set of small streams and creeks that flow into the sea and the continental one is formed by the streams that flow into the Rio Piedras.

'''''Flora''''':
The park has a natural wealth flora of over 350 maritime species and 770 terrestrial. The coastal zone has the greatest wealth of marine vegetation of the whole Colombian Caribbean, with more than 31 types of different plants.

''Forest and xeric and sub-xeric shrublands'':

Trupillo (Prosopis julliflora)

Aromos (Vachellia tortuosa)

Palo Brasil (Haematoxylon brasiletto)

Dividivi (Caesalpinia coriaria)

Guamacho (Pereskiaguamacho)

Cardón de higo (Subpilocereus russellianus)

Tuna (Opuntia wentiana).

''Dry broadleaf forests'':

Elephant Ear Tree (Epiterolobium ciyclocarpum)

Jobo (Spondias mombin)

Naranjuelo (Crataeva tapia)

Guayacán (Guajacum)

Ébano (Caesalpinia ébano)

Ceiba or majagua (Pseubombax maximun)

''Tropical rainforest'':

Bryophyta sensu stricto

Bromeliáceas

Araceas

Orchidaceae

'''''Fauna''''':
The park has an extensive fauna, 15 species of amphibians, 202 species of sponges, 471 species of crustaceans, 96 species of annuals, 700 species of molluscs, 110 species of corals and 401 species of sea and river fish, 108 species of mammals, 300 species of birds, 70 species of bats, 31 species of reptiles.

Felidae (Feline): Panthera onca (Jaguar), Leopardus pardalis (Ocelot), Leopardus wiedii (Margay) and Puma yagouarondi (Jaguarundi)

Cervidae (Deer): Mazama americana (Red brocket) and Mazama rufina (Little red brocket)

Dasyproctidae (Ñeque): Dasyprocta punctata(Central American agouti)

Tayassuidae (Zainos): Tayassu tajacu (Collared peccary)

*'''''Cultural features''''':
'''''History''''':
The Tayrona, an ancient indigenous group of chiefdoms, dwelled this region (Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta) between the 800 a.C. and the 1600 a.C., before the arrival of the Spanish in Colombia, their economy was based on agriculture of fruital trees, corn crops and plants. They developed their civilization at 900 - 2000 meters above the sea, due to the mild climate and the variety of local products.

1498: First contact between indigenous and Spanish with Fernando González de Oviedo.

1525: Foundation of Santa Marta city.

1525-1599: Instability between Tayronas and Spanish which led to intense periods of conflict and war.

1600: Beginning of the decimation of the indigenous in hands of the Spanish.

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:t1.jpg|''Ilustration: Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta''
Image:t2.jpg|''Ilustration: The population''
Image:t3.jpg|''Ilustration: The cities''
Image:t4.jpg|''Ilustration: Period of conflict with the Spanish''
</gallery>

The survivors of this decimation were interned in the highest parts of the massif to escape from the Spanish; their descendants are the Kogi, who has maintained themselves isolated so far.

1973: A grave robber, found Lost City (Spanish: Ciudad Perdida).

1976: A Colombian scientific expedition arrived to the Lost City and begging with a process of restoration and conservation of the archaeological remains and the terraces of the city and the entire park.

1979: Is declared a Biosphere reserve of humanity by UNESCO

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:k1.jpg|''Tayronas descendants, The Koguis''
Image:k2.jpg|''Kogui's Houses''
Image:k3.jpg|''Kogui's cities''

</gallery>

The Eco-tourism there, is a great way to being interest and economic infrastructure to the reserve, without causing any damage to the ecosystem. It is amazing to be able to witness such a variety of ecosystems and also the archaeological remains of a Tayrona city of pre-colombian Colombia, the white sand beaches and waters in deep blue, gives great natural and historical diversity to the landscape.''

== What are the objectives of your design? ==

''Please give a short written argumentation (not more than 150 words). It is ok if you have different or even contradicting objectives within your group. Just make it explicit at the beginning of your process ''

■ Accessibility Improvement Plan with Eco Train

One of the issues in Tayrona National Natural Park is accessibility. There are only two ways to access with boat or on foot through trail course and both takes about 1 hr. In case of boat, it is limited by tide. To improve accessibility, I want to suggest eco train in Tayrona National Natural Park. Train is the most eco friendly transportation and it is already introduced in primeval forest in Jeju Island, Korea. It minimizes the effects on forest with single lane narrow mini train but provide a great experience for tourist to observe virgin nature of volcanic forest.

To minimize interference on nature in Tayrona Park, it is strongly recommended to set buffer zone along coastal line, where the most popular spots exist and plan the lane of train inside of buffer zone. Train is operated regularly and it is possible to restrict people explore outside of buffer zone so core area of nature would be preserved efficiently. Furthermore, guide explanation in the train could help tourist understand cultural and historical background.

■ Sustained ecotourism focused around modified beach accessibility

Because there already is very limited access to large parts of the natural park, there is a lot of pressure to the areas that are open to visitors, especially the beaches. To prevent the beaches getting littered and the coral reefs getting damaged/destroyed, I'd like to propose a few design interventions to spread the visitors over a larger area of the nature park, keeping in mind not to disturb the flora and fauna too much. For that, wooden decks would be used to make very inaccessible areas such as the mangroves or steep hills more in reach of ecotourist or locals. Boulders and rocks can be used to prevent access to over-used beaches, (temporarily) allowing them to recover. Small boats leaving from a boathouse could also transport people to remote areas for a small fee, which can then be used for the preservation of the park. Hiking trails could be expanded, with the compulsive use of guides to prevent disturbing wildlife or getting into dangerous situations. The area is large enough for 3 to 4-day hiking routes, something I've seen to be very popular in South Africa, whilst being ecologically tolerable.

■ Mitigating issues of rubbish and improving camping areas

More than 27.000 tourists visit the Tayrona National Natural Park per year, producing more than 120 tonnes of rubbish. This had become a problem because there are just 30 people in charge of the rubbish collection, and they have to go trough thin and remote paths to collect it all. The most problematic areas are the beaches of Arrecifes and Cañaveral, where most tourists stay when they visit the park. Also indigenous peoples are starting to consume food from outside the park,( food cover by plastic wrappers, glass bottles, etc.),of which,they do not know how to despose properly, resulting in the rubbish being burried on site. To solve this problem they are recycling the plastic, glass, and other kind of materials in sisal sacks to then take it out of the park. My proposal to make this more effective is to divide the park in sectors, each sector will have new stone pedestrian routes wich lead to a collection point at the shoreline; then the rubbish collection will be easier. Also, the camping areas will be isolated, away from the park by using native vegetation around these areas as green barriers.There should also be crops where food can be collected, this area should be located inside the camping areas, in that manner the waste can be recycled, in a more environmentally friendly way (like the indigenous do).

== Analytical drawings ==

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:a1.jpg|Elevation of the Park, main different heights
Image:Accessibility.png|Accessibility and Improvement Plan
Image:Tayrona_analysis1.jpg|Different natural areas
Image:Analysis3.jpg|Best Path For Hiking Trail & Native Camps
Image:GA1.jpg|How to get to the Park
Image:GA2.jpg|Best time to go (weather)
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Railway in tayrona.png|Railway and Planting Plan
Image:Tayrona_futuresketch.jpg|Beach accessibility & Improvements
Image:Analysis1.jpg|Hiking Trails & Native Camps
Image:GA3.jpg|Mitigating issues of rubbish and improving camping areas
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==
''Please analyse the individual approaches presented so far and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses (you may use the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis SWOT]analysis model). Try to create a synthesis and represent it with a plan and some sketches. You can still use drawings/sketches.''

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Swot railway.png|Analysis on eco-train
Image:SWOT-Hiking.jpg|Analysis on hiking & camping
Image:SWOT MF.jpg|Analysis on rubbish issues and improvement of camping areas
Image:SWOT-Beaches.jpg|Analysis on making the entire park more accessible
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''Please reflect on your collaborative design process. Which potentials have you encountered? What was most difficult? What does collaborative design mean for you? (approx 150 words).''

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Jeju eco train 2.jpg|Jeju Island Eco Train
Image:East coastal line.jpg|Single track east coastal line in Korea
Image:Nativecamp.jpg|Jungle Camp, by Poring Hot Springs, Mt Kinabalu
Image:Roodkhan Fotress Way.jpg|Roodkhan Fotress Way,Iran
</gallery>

== References ==
''* Please make sure that you give proper references of all external resources used.''

''* Do not use images of which you do not hold the copyright.''

''* Please add internet links to other resources if necessary.''

http://parquenacionaltayrona.blogspot.de/2009/07/clima.html

----
[[Category:Planting Design 2013 Collaborative Design]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Collaborative Design Planting Design Working Group 6

2014-01-26T21:41:47Z

Maria.fernanda: /* Landscape and/or urban context of your case */

---> back to group page [[Planting_Design_2013_-_Working_Group_6|working group 6]]

'''''Tayrona National Natural Park: Natural environments, and how they return us to our roots.'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Tayrona National Natural Park''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Colombian Caribbean - Magdalena''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Colombia''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''María Fernanda González Duque, Hyeyoon Choi, Ladan Badiee, Jeroen Geudens''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:p.tayrona.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=11.296934
|lng=-74.166496
|zoom=8
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

The Tayrona National Natural Park (Spanish: Parque Nacional Natural Tayrona), is located in the Department of Magdalena, north of Colombia, in the Caribbean sea. With approximately 30 Km2 of maritime area and 150 Km2 of land area, is one of the most visited Natural parks of this country. Its extension goes from Taganga (western side) trough the coastline, until the Piedras River (eastern side).

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:t.mapa.jpg|''Park Location''
Image:t.mapa2.jpg
Image:t.mapa3.jpg
</gallery>

*'''''Biogeography''':

'''''Ecosystems''''':
Due to the different altitudes presents around the park and the pyramid shape of the mountains, we can find temperatures between 25º and 32º, these conditions makes the park have a very dry or wet weather; here we can find tropical rainforest, dry forest, spiny forest, submontane forest, cloud forest and several ecosystems, such as Mangroves, Seagrasses, Coral reefs, Rocky coastline, Lagoons, etc.

'''''Hydrography''''':
Consists of two drainage systems, the maritime one is formed by a set of small streams and creeks that flow into the sea and the continental one is formed by the streams that flow into the Rio Piedras.

'''''Flora''''':
The park has a natural wealth flora of over 350 maritime species and 770 terrestrial. The coastal zone has the greatest wealth of marine vegetation of the whole Colombian Caribbean, with more than 31 types of different plants.

''Forest and xeric and sub-xeric shrublands'':

Trupillo (Prosopis julliflora)

Aromos (Vachellia tortuosa)

Palo Brasil (Haematoxylon brasiletto)

Dividivi (Caesalpinia coriaria)

Guamacho (Pereskiaguamacho)

Cardón de higo (Subpilocereus russellianus)

Tuna (Opuntia wentiana).

''Dry broadleaf forests'':

Elephant Ear Tree (Epiterolobium ciyclocarpum)

Jobo (Spondias mombin)

Naranjuelo (Crataeva tapia)

Guayacán (Guajacum)

Ébano (Caesalpinia ébano)

Ceiba or majagua (Pseubombax maximun)

''Tropical rainforest'':

Bryophyta sensu stricto

Bromeliáceas

Araceas

Orchidaceae

'''''Fauna''''':
The park has an extensive fauna, 15 species of amphibians, 202 species of sponges, 471 species of crustaceans, 96 species of annuals, 700 species of molluscs, 110 species of corals and 401 species of sea and river fish, 108 species of mammals, 300 species of birds, 70 species of bats, 31 species of reptiles.

Felidae (Feline): Panthera onca (Jaguar), Leopardus pardalis (Ocelot), Leopardus wiedii (Margay) and Puma yagouarondi (Jaguarundi)

Cervidae (Deer): Mazama americana (Red brocket) and Mazama rufina (Little red brocket)

Dasyproctidae (Ñeque): Dasyprocta punctata(Central American agouti)

Tayassuidae (Zainos): Tayassu tajacu (Collared peccary)

*'''''Cultural features''''':
'''''History''''':
The Tayrona, an ancient indigenous group of chiefdoms, dwelled this region (Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta) between the 800 a.C. and the 1600 a.C., before the arrival of the Spanish in Colombia, their economy was based on agriculture of fruital trees, corn crops and plants. They developed their civilization at 900 - 2000 meters above the sea, due to the mild climate and the variety of local products.

1498: First contact between indigenous and Spanish with Fernando González de Oviedo.

1525: Foundation of Santa Marta city.

1525-1599: Instability between Tayronas and Spanish which led to intense periods of conflict and war.

1600: Beginning of the decimation of the indigenous in hands of the Spanish.

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:t1.jpg|''Ilustration: Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta''
Image:t2.jpg|''Ilustration: The population''
Image:t3.jpg|''Ilustration: The cities''
Image:t4.jpg|''Ilustration: Period of conflict with the Spanish''
</gallery>

The survivors of this decimation were interned in the highest parts of the massif to escape from the Spanish; their descendants are the Kogi, who has maintained themselves isolated so far.

1973: A grave robber, found Lost City (Spanish: Ciudad Perdida).

1976: A Colombian scientific expedition arrived to the Lost City and begging with a process of restoration and conservation of the archaeological remains and the terraces of the city and the entire park.

1979: Is declared a Biosphere reserve of humanity by UNESCO

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:k1.jpg|''Tayronas descendants, The Koguis''
Image:k2.jpg|''Kogui's Houses''
Image:k3.jpg|''Kogui's cities''

</gallery>

The Eco-tourism there, is a great way to being interest and economic infrastructure to the reserve, without causing any damage to the ecosystem. It is amazing to be able to witness such a variety of ecosystems and also the archaeological remains of a Tayrona city of pre-colombian Colombia, the white sand beaches and waters in deep blue, gives great natural and historical diversity to the landscape.''

== What are the objectives of your design? ==

''Please give a short written argumentation (not more than 150 words). It is ok if you have different or even contradicting objectives within your group. Just make it explicit at the beginning of your process ''

■ Accessibility Improvement Plan with Eco Train

One of the issues in Tayrona National Natural Park is accessibility. There are only two ways to access with boat or on foot through trail course and both takes about 1 hr. In case of boat, it is limited by tide. To improve accessibility, I want to suggest eco train in Tayrona National Natural Park. Train is the most eco friendly transportation and it is already introduced in primeval forest in Jeju Island, Korea. It minimizes the effects on forest with single lane narrow mini train but provide a great experience for tourist to observe virgin nature of volcanic forest.

To minimize interference on nature in Tayrona Park, it is strongly recommended to set buffer zone along coastal line, where the most popular spots exist and plan the lane of train inside of buffer zone. Train is operated regularly and it is possible to restrict people explore outside of buffer zone so core area of nature would be preserved efficiently. Furthermore, guide explanation in the train could help tourist understand cultural and historical background.

■ Sustained ecotourism focused around modified beach accessibility

Because there already is very limited access to large parts of the natural park, there is a lot of pressure to the areas that are open to visitors, especially the beaches. To prevent the beaches getting littered and the coral reefs getting damaged/destroyed, I'd like to propose a few design interventions to spread the visitors over a larger area of the nature park, keeping in mind not to disturb the flora and fauna too much. For that, wooden decks would be used to make very inaccessible areas such as the mangroves or steep hills more in reach of ecotourist or locals. Boulders and rocks can be used to prevent access to over-used beaches, (temporarily) allowing them to recover. Small boats leaving from a boathouse could also transport people to remote areas for a small fee, which can then be used for the preservation of the park. Hiking trails could be expanded, with the compulsive use of guides to prevent disturbing wildlife or getting into dangerous situations. The area is large enough for 3 to 4-day hiking routes, something I've seen to be very popular in South Africa, whilst being ecologically tolerable.

■ Mitigating issues of rubbish and improving camping areas

More than 27.000 tourists visit the Tayrona National Natural Park per year, producing more than 120 tonnes of rubbish. This had become a problem because there are just 30 people in charge of the rubbish collection, and they have to go trough thin and remote paths to collect it all. The most problematic areas are the beaches of Arrecifes and Cañaveral, where most tourists stay when they visit the park. Also indigenous peoples are starting to consume food from outside the park,( food cover by plastic wrappers, glass bottles, etc.),of which,they do not know how to despose properly, resulting in the rubbish being burried on site. To solve this problem they are recycling the plastic, glass, and other kind of materials in sisal sacks to then take it out of the park. My proposal to make this more effective is to divide the park in sectors, each sector will have new stone pedestrian routes wich lead to a collection point at the shoreline; then the rubbish collection will be easier. Also, the camping areas will be isolated, away from the park by using native vegetation around these areas as green barriers.There should also be crops where food can be collected, this area should be located inside the camping areas, in that manner the waste can be recycled, in a more environmentally friendly way (like the indigenous do).

== Analytical drawings ==

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:a1.jpg|Elevation of the Park, main different heights
Image:Accessibility.png|Accessibility and Improvement Plan
Image:Tayrona_analysis1.jpg|Different natural areas
Image:Analysis3.jpg|Best Path For Hiking Trail & Native Camps
Image:GA1.jpg|How to get to the Park
Image:GA2.jpg|Best time to go (weather)
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Railway in tayrona.png|Railway and Planting Plan
Image:Tayrona_futuresketch.jpg|Beach accessibility & Improvements
Image:Analysis1.jpg|Hiking Trails & Native Camps
Image:GA3.jpg|Mitigating issues of rubbish and improving camping areas
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==
''Please analyse the individual approaches presented so far and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses (you may use the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis SWOT]analysis model). Try to create a synthesis and represent it with a plan and some sketches. You can still use drawings/sketches.''

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Swot railway.png|Analysis on eco-train
Image:SWOT-Hiking.jpg|Analysis on hiking & camping
Image:SWOT MF.jpg|SWOT Analysis on rubbish issues and improvement of camping areas
Image:SWOT-Beaches.jpg|Analysis on making the entire park more accessible
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''Please reflect on your collaborative design process. Which potentials have you encountered? What was most difficult? What does collaborative design mean for you? (approx 150 words).''

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Jeju eco train 2.jpg|Jeju Island Eco Train
Image:East coastal line.jpg|Single track east coastal line in Korea
Image:Nativecamp.jpg|Jungle Camp, by Poring Hot Springs, Mt Kinabalu
Image:Roodkhan Fotress Way.jpg|Roodkhan Fotress Way,Iran
</gallery>

== References ==
''* Please make sure that you give proper references of all external resources used.''

''* Do not use images of which you do not hold the copyright.''

''* Please add internet links to other resources if necessary.''

http://parquenacionaltayrona.blogspot.de/2009/07/clima.html

----
[[Category:Planting Design 2013 Collaborative Design]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Collaborative Design Planting Design Working Group 6

2014-01-26T21:41:02Z

Maria.fernanda: /* Landscape and/or urban context of your case */

---> back to group page [[Planting_Design_2013_-_Working_Group_6|working group 6]]

'''''Tayrona National Natural Park: Natural environments, and how they return us to our roots.'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Tayrona National Natural Park''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Colombian Caribbean - Magdalena''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Colombia''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''María Fernanda González Duque, Hyeyoon Choi, Ladan Badiee, Jeroen Geudens''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:p.tayrona.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=11.296934
|lng=-74.166496
|zoom=8
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

The Tayrona National Natural Park (Spanish: Parque Nacional Natural Tayrona), is located in the Department of Magdalena, north of Colombia, in the Caribbean sea. With approximately 30 Km2 of maritime area and 150 Km2 of land area, is one of the most visited Natural parks of this country. Its extension goes from Taganga (western side) trough the coastline, until the Piedras River (eastern side).

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:t.mapa.jpg|''Park Location''
Image:t.mapa2.jpg
Image:t.mapa3.jpg
</gallery>

*'''''Biogeography''':
'''''Ecosystems''''':
Due to the different altitudes presents around the park and the pyramid shape of the mountains, we can find temperatures between 25º and 32º, these conditions makes the park have a very dry or wet weather; here we can find tropical rainforest, dry forest, spiny forest, submontane forest, cloud forest and several ecosystems, such as Mangroves, Seagrasses, Coral reefs, Rocky coastline, Lagoons, etc.

'''''Hydrography''''':
Consists of two drainage systems, the maritime one is formed by a set of small streams and creeks that flow into the sea and the continental one is formed by the streams that flow into the Rio Piedras.

'''''Flora''''':
The park has a natural wealth flora of over 350 maritime species and 770 terrestrial. The coastal zone has the greatest wealth of marine vegetation of the whole Colombian Caribbean, with more than 31 types of different plants.

''Forest and xeric and sub-xeric shrublands'':

Trupillo (Prosopis julliflora)

Aromos (Vachellia tortuosa)

Palo Brasil (Haematoxylon brasiletto)

Dividivi (Caesalpinia coriaria)

Guamacho (Pereskiaguamacho)

Cardón de higo (Subpilocereus russellianus)

Tuna (Opuntia wentiana).

''Dry broadleaf forests'':

Elephant Ear Tree (Epiterolobium ciyclocarpum)

Jobo (Spondias mombin)

Naranjuelo (Crataeva tapia)

Guayacán (Guajacum)

Ébano (Caesalpinia ébano)

Ceiba or majagua (Pseubombax maximun)

''Tropical rainforest'':

Bryophyta sensu stricto

Bromeliáceas

Araceas

Orchidaceae

'''''Fauna''''':
The park has an extensive fauna, 15 species of amphibians, 202 species of sponges, 471 species of crustaceans, 96 species of annuals, 700 species of molluscs, 110 species of corals and 401 species of sea and river fish, 108 species of mammals, 300 species of birds, 70 species of bats, 31 species of reptiles.

Felidae (Feline): Panthera onca (Jaguar), Leopardus pardalis (Ocelot), Leopardus wiedii (Margay) and Puma yagouarondi (Jaguarundi)

Cervidae (Deer): Mazama americana (Red brocket) and Mazama rufina (Little red brocket)

Dasyproctidae (Ñeque): Dasyprocta punctata(Central American agouti)

Tayassuidae (Zainos): Tayassu tajacu (Collared peccary)

*'''''Cultural features''''':
'''''History''''':
The Tayrona, an ancient indigenous group of chiefdoms, dwelled this region (Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta) between the 800 a.C. and the 1600 a.C., before the arrival of the Spanish in Colombia, their economy was based on agriculture of fruital trees, corn crops and plants. They developed their civilization at 900 - 2000 meters above the sea, due to the mild climate and the variety of local products.

1498: First contact between indigenous and Spanish with Fernando González de Oviedo.

1525: Foundation of Santa Marta city.

1525-1599: Instability between Tayronas and Spanish which led to intense periods of conflict and war.

1600: Beginning of the decimation of the indigenous in hands of the Spanish.

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:t1.jpg|''Ilustration: Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta''
Image:t2.jpg|''Ilustration: The population''
Image:t3.jpg|''Ilustration: The cities''
Image:t4.jpg|''Ilustration: Period of conflict with the Spanish''
</gallery>

The survivors of this decimation were interned in the highest parts of the massif to escape from the Spanish; their descendants are the Kogi, who has maintained themselves isolated so far.

1973: A grave robber, found Lost City (Spanish: Ciudad Perdida).

1976: A Colombian scientific expedition arrived to the Lost City and begging with a process of restoration and conservation of the archaeological remains and the terraces of the city and the entire park.

1979: Is declared a Biosphere reserve of humanity by UNESCO

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:k1.jpg|''Tayronas descendants, The Koguis''
Image:k2.jpg|''Kogui's Houses''
Image:k3.jpg|''Kogui's cities''

</gallery>

The Eco-tourism there, is a great way to being interest and economic infrastructure to the reserve, without causing any damage to the ecosystem. It is amazing to be able to witness such a variety of ecosystems and also the archaeological remains of a Tayrona city of pre-colombian Colombia, the white sand beaches and waters in deep blue, gives great natural and historical diversity to the landscape.''

== What are the objectives of your design? ==

''Please give a short written argumentation (not more than 150 words). It is ok if you have different or even contradicting objectives within your group. Just make it explicit at the beginning of your process ''

■ Accessibility Improvement Plan with Eco Train

One of the issues in Tayrona National Natural Park is accessibility. There are only two ways to access with boat or on foot through trail course and both takes about 1 hr. In case of boat, it is limited by tide. To improve accessibility, I want to suggest eco train in Tayrona National Natural Park. Train is the most eco friendly transportation and it is already introduced in primeval forest in Jeju Island, Korea. It minimizes the effects on forest with single lane narrow mini train but provide a great experience for tourist to observe virgin nature of volcanic forest.

To minimize interference on nature in Tayrona Park, it is strongly recommended to set buffer zone along coastal line, where the most popular spots exist and plan the lane of train inside of buffer zone. Train is operated regularly and it is possible to restrict people explore outside of buffer zone so core area of nature would be preserved efficiently. Furthermore, guide explanation in the train could help tourist understand cultural and historical background.

■ Sustained ecotourism focused around modified beach accessibility

Because there already is very limited access to large parts of the natural park, there is a lot of pressure to the areas that are open to visitors, especially the beaches. To prevent the beaches getting littered and the coral reefs getting damaged/destroyed, I'd like to propose a few design interventions to spread the visitors over a larger area of the nature park, keeping in mind not to disturb the flora and fauna too much. For that, wooden decks would be used to make very inaccessible areas such as the mangroves or steep hills more in reach of ecotourist or locals. Boulders and rocks can be used to prevent access to over-used beaches, (temporarily) allowing them to recover. Small boats leaving from a boathouse could also transport people to remote areas for a small fee, which can then be used for the preservation of the park. Hiking trails could be expanded, with the compulsive use of guides to prevent disturbing wildlife or getting into dangerous situations. The area is large enough for 3 to 4-day hiking routes, something I've seen to be very popular in South Africa, whilst being ecologically tolerable.

■ Mitigating issues of rubbish and improving camping areas

More than 27.000 tourists visit the Tayrona National Natural Park per year, producing more than 120 tonnes of rubbish. This had become a problem because there are just 30 people in charge of the rubbish collection, and they have to go trough thin and remote paths to collect it all. The most problematic areas are the beaches of Arrecifes and Cañaveral, where most tourists stay when they visit the park. Also indigenous peoples are starting to consume food from outside the park,( food cover by plastic wrappers, glass bottles, etc.),of which,they do not know how to despose properly, resulting in the rubbish being burried on site. To solve this problem they are recycling the plastic, glass, and other kind of materials in sisal sacks to then take it out of the park. My proposal to make this more effective is to divide the park in sectors, each sector will have new stone pedestrian routes wich lead to a collection point at the shoreline; then the rubbish collection will be easier. Also, the camping areas will be isolated, away from the park by using native vegetation around these areas as green barriers.There should also be crops where food can be collected, this area should be located inside the camping areas, in that manner the waste can be recycled, in a more environmentally friendly way (like the indigenous do).

== Analytical drawings ==

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:a1.jpg|Elevation of the Park, main different heights
Image:Accessibility.png|Accessibility and Improvement Plan
Image:Tayrona_analysis1.jpg|Different natural areas
Image:Analysis3.jpg|Best Path For Hiking Trail & Native Camps
Image:GA1.jpg|How to get to the Park
Image:GA2.jpg|Best time to go (weather)
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Railway in tayrona.png|Railway and Planting Plan
Image:Tayrona_futuresketch.jpg|Beach accessibility & Improvements
Image:Analysis1.jpg|Hiking Trails & Native Camps
Image:GA3.jpg|Mitigating issues of rubbish and improving camping areas
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==
''Please analyse the individual approaches presented so far and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses (you may use the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis SWOT]analysis model). Try to create a synthesis and represent it with a plan and some sketches. You can still use drawings/sketches.''

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Swot railway.png|Analysis on eco-train
Image:SWOT-Hiking.jpg|Analysis on hiking & camping
Image:SWOT MF.jpg|SWOT Analysis on rubbish issues and improvement of camping areas
Image:SWOT-Beaches.jpg|Analysis on making the entire park more accessible
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''Please reflect on your collaborative design process. Which potentials have you encountered? What was most difficult? What does collaborative design mean for you? (approx 150 words).''

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Jeju eco train 2.jpg|Jeju Island Eco Train
Image:East coastal line.jpg|Single track east coastal line in Korea
Image:Nativecamp.jpg|Jungle Camp, by Poring Hot Springs, Mt Kinabalu
Image:Roodkhan Fotress Way.jpg|Roodkhan Fotress Way,Iran
</gallery>

== References ==
''* Please make sure that you give proper references of all external resources used.''

''* Do not use images of which you do not hold the copyright.''

''* Please add internet links to other resources if necessary.''

http://parquenacionaltayrona.blogspot.de/2009/07/clima.html

----
[[Category:Planting Design 2013 Collaborative Design]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Collaborative Design Planting Design Working Group 6

2014-01-26T21:35:24Z

Maria.fernanda: /* Landscape and/or urban context of your case */

---> back to group page [[Planting_Design_2013_-_Working_Group_6|working group 6]]

'''''Tayrona National Natural Park: Natural environments, and how they return us to our roots.'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Tayrona National Natural Park''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Colombian Caribbean - Magdalena''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Colombia''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''María Fernanda González Duque, Hyeyoon Choi, Ladan Badiee, Jeroen Geudens''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:p.tayrona.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=11.296934
|lng=-74.166496
|zoom=8
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

The Tayrona National Natural Park (Spanish: Parque Nacional Natural Tayrona), is located in the Department of Magdalena, north of Colombia, in the Caribbean sea. With approximately 30 Km2 of maritime area and 150 Km2 of land area, is one of the most visited Natural parks of this country. Its extension goes from Taganga (western side) trough the coastline, until the Piedras River (eastern side).

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:t.mapa.jpg|''Park Location''
Image:t.mapa2.jpg
Image:t.mapa3.jpg
</gallery>

*'''''Biogeography''':
'''''Ecosystems''''':
Due to the different altitudes presents around the park and the pyramid shape of the mountains, we can find temperatures between 25º and 32º, these conditions makes the park have a very dry or wet weather; here we can find tropical rainforest, dry forest, spiny forest, submontane forest, cloud forest and several ecosystems, such as Mangroves, Seagrasses, Coral reefs, Rocky coastline, Lagoons, etc.

'''''Hydrography''''':
Consists of two drainage systems, the maritime one is formed by a set of small streams and creeks that flow into the sea and the continental one is formed by the streams that flow into the Rio Piedras.

'''''Flora''''':
The park has a natural wealth flora of over 350 maritime species and 770 terrestrial. The coastal zone has the greatest wealth of marine vegetation of the whole Colombian Caribbean, with more than 31 types of different plants.

''Forest and xeric and sub-xeric shrublands'':

Trupillo (Prosopis julliflora)

Aromos (Vachellia tortuosa)

Palo Brasil (Haematoxylon brasiletto)

Dividivi (Caesalpinia coriaria)

Guamacho (Pereskiaguamacho)

Cardón de higo (Subpilocereus russellianus)

Tuna (Opuntia wentiana).

''Dry broadleaf forests'':

Elephant Ear Tree (Epiterolobium ciyclocarpum)

Jobo (Spondias mombin)

Naranjuelo (Crataeva tapia)

Guayacán (Guajacum)

Ébano (Caesalpinia ébano)

Ceiba or majagua (Pseubombax maximun)

'''''Fauna''''':
The park has an extensive fauna, 15 species of amphibians, 202 species of sponges, 471 species of crustaceans, 96 species of annuals, 700 species of molluscs, 110 species of corals and 401 species of sea and river fish, 108 species of mammals, 300 species of birds, 70 species of bats, 31 species of reptiles.

Felidae (Feline): Panthera onca (Jaguar), Leopardus pardalis (Ocelot), Leopardus wiedii (Margay) and Puma yagouarondi (Jaguarundi)

Cervidae (Deer): Mazama americana (Red brocket) and Mazama rufina (Little red brocket)

Dasyproctidae (Ñeque): Dasyprocta punctata(Central American agouti)

Tayassuidae (Zainos): Tayassu tajacu (Collared peccary)

*'''''Cultural features''''':
'''''History''''':
The Tayrona, an ancient indigenous group of chiefdoms, dwelled this region (Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta) between the 800 a.C. and the 1600 a.C., before the arrival of the Spanish in Colombia, their economy was based on agriculture of fruital trees, corn crops and plants. They developed their civilization at 900 - 2000 meters above the sea, due to the mild climate and the variety of local products.

1498: First contact between indigenous and Spanish with Fernando González de Oviedo.

1525: Foundation of Santa Marta city.

1525-1599: Instability between Tayronas and Spanish which led to intense periods of conflict and war.

1600: Beginning of the decimation of the indigenous in hands of the Spanish.

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:t1.jpg|''Ilustration: Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta''
Image:t2.jpg|''Ilustration: The population''
Image:t3.jpg|''Ilustration: The cities''
Image:t4.jpg|''Ilustration: Period of conflict with the Spanish''
</gallery>

The survivors of this decimation were interned in the highest parts of the massif to escape from the Spanish; their descendants are the Kogi, who has maintained themselves isolated so far.

1973: A grave robber, found Lost City (Spanish: Ciudad Perdida).

1976: A Colombian scientific expedition arrived to the Lost City and begging with a process of restoration and conservation of the archaeological remains and the terraces of the city and the entire park.

1979: Is declared a Biosphere reserve of humanity by UNESCO

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:k1.jpg|''Tayronas descendants, The Koguis''
Image:k2.jpg|''Kogui's Houses''
Image:k3.jpg|''Kogui's cities''

</gallery>

The Eco-tourism there, is a great way to being interest and economic infrastructure to the reserve, without causing any damage to the ecosystem. It is amazing to be able to witness such a variety of ecosystems and also the archaeological remains of a Tayrona city of pre-colombian Colombia, the white sand beaches and waters in deep blue, gives great natural and historical diversity to the landscape.''

== What are the objectives of your design? ==

''Please give a short written argumentation (not more than 150 words). It is ok if you have different or even contradicting objectives within your group. Just make it explicit at the beginning of your process ''

■ Accessibility Improvement Plan with Eco Train

One of the issues in Tayrona National Natural Park is accessibility. There are only two ways to access with boat or on foot through trail course and both takes about 1 hr. In case of boat, it is limited by tide. To improve accessibility, I want to suggest eco train in Tayrona National Natural Park. Train is the most eco friendly transportation and it is already introduced in primeval forest in Jeju Island, Korea. It minimizes the effects on forest with single lane narrow mini train but provide a great experience for tourist to observe virgin nature of volcanic forest.

To minimize interference on nature in Tayrona Park, it is strongly recommended to set buffer zone along coastal line, where the most popular spots exist and plan the lane of train inside of buffer zone. Train is operated regularly and it is possible to restrict people explore outside of buffer zone so core area of nature would be preserved efficiently. Furthermore, guide explanation in the train could help tourist understand cultural and historical background.

■ Sustained ecotourism focused around modified beach accessibility

Because there already is very limited access to large parts of the natural park, there is a lot of pressure to the areas that are open to visitors, especially the beaches. To prevent the beaches getting littered and the coral reefs getting damaged/destroyed, I'd like to propose a few design interventions to spread the visitors over a larger area of the nature park, keeping in mind not to disturb the flora and fauna too much. For that, wooden decks would be used to make very inaccessible areas such as the mangroves or steep hills more in reach of ecotourist or locals. Boulders and rocks can be used to prevent access to over-used beaches, (temporarily) allowing them to recover. Small boats leaving from a boathouse could also transport people to remote areas for a small fee, which can then be used for the preservation of the park. Hiking trails could be expanded, with the compulsive use of guides to prevent disturbing wildlife or getting into dangerous situations. The area is large enough for 3 to 4-day hiking routes, something I've seen to be very popular in South Africa, whilst being ecologically tolerable.

■ Mitigating issues of rubbish and improving camping areas

More than 27.000 tourists visit the Tayrona National Natural Park per year, producing more than 120 tonnes of rubbish. This had become a problem because there are just 30 people in charge of the rubbish collection, and they have to go trough thin and remote paths to collect it all. The most problematic areas are the beaches of Arrecifes and Cañaveral, where most tourists stay when they visit the park. Also indigenous peoples are starting to consume food from outside the park,( food cover by plastic wrappers, glass bottles, etc.),of which,they do not know how to despose properly, resulting in the rubbish being burried on site. To solve this problem they are recycling the plastic, glass, and other kind of materials in sisal sacks to then take it out of the park. My proposal to make this more effective is to divide the park in sectors, each sector will have new stone pedestrian routes wich lead to a collection point at the shoreline; then the rubbish collection will be easier. Also, the camping areas will be isolated, away from the park by using native vegetation around these areas as green barriers.There should also be crops where food can be collected, this area should be located inside the camping areas, in that manner the waste can be recycled, in a more environmentally friendly way (like the indigenous do).

== Analytical drawings ==

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:a1.jpg|Elevation of the Park, main different heights
Image:Accessibility.png|Accessibility and Improvement Plan
Image:Tayrona_analysis1.jpg|Different natural areas
Image:Analysis3.jpg|Best Path For Hiking Trail & Native Camps
Image:GA1.jpg|How to get to the Park
Image:GA2.jpg|Best time to go (weather)
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Railway in tayrona.png|Railway and Planting Plan
Image:Tayrona_futuresketch.jpg|Beach accessibility & Improvements
Image:Analysis1.jpg|Hiking Trails & Native Camps
Image:GA3.jpg|Mitigating issues of rubbish and improving camping areas
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==
''Please analyse the individual approaches presented so far and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses (you may use the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis SWOT]analysis model). Try to create a synthesis and represent it with a plan and some sketches. You can still use drawings/sketches.''

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Swot railway.png|Analysis on eco-train
Image:SWOT-Hiking.jpg|Analysis on hiking & camping
Image:SWOT MF.jpg|SWOT Analysis on rubbish issues and improvement of camping areas
Image:SWOT-Beaches.jpg|Analysis on making the entire park more accessible
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''Please reflect on your collaborative design process. Which potentials have you encountered? What was most difficult? What does collaborative design mean for you? (approx 150 words).''

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Jeju eco train 2.jpg|Jeju Island Eco Train
Image:East coastal line.jpg|Single track east coastal line in Korea
Image:Nativecamp.jpg|Jungle Camp, by Poring Hot Springs, Mt Kinabalu
Image:Roodkhan Fotress Way.jpg|Roodkhan Fotress Way,Iran
</gallery>

== References ==
''* Please make sure that you give proper references of all external resources used.''

''* Do not use images of which you do not hold the copyright.''

''* Please add internet links to other resources if necessary.''

http://parquenacionaltayrona.blogspot.de/2009/07/clima.html

----
[[Category:Planting Design 2013 Collaborative Design]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Collaborative Design Planting Design Working Group 6

2014-01-26T21:27:36Z

Maria.fernanda: /* Landscape and/or urban context of your case */

---> back to group page [[Planting_Design_2013_-_Working_Group_6|working group 6]]

'''''Tayrona National Natural Park: Natural environments, and how they return us to our roots.'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Tayrona National Natural Park''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Colombian Caribbean - Magdalena''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Colombia''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''María Fernanda González Duque, Hyeyoon Choi, Ladan Badiee, Jeroen Geudens''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:p.tayrona.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=11.296934
|lng=-74.166496
|zoom=8
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

The Tayrona National Natural Park (Spanish: Parque Nacional Natural Tayrona), is located in the Department of Magdalena, north of Colombia, in the Caribbean sea. With approximately 30 Km2 of maritime area and 150 Km2 of land area, is one of the most visited Natural parks of this country. Its extension goes from Taganga (western side) trough the coastline, until the Piedras River (eastern side).

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:t.mapa.jpg|''Park Location''
Image:t.mapa2.jpg
Image:t.mapa3.jpg
</gallery>

*'''''Biogeography''':
'''''Ecosystems''''':
Due to the different altitudes presents around the park and the pyramid shape of the mountains, we can find temperatures between 25º and 32º, these conditions makes the park have a very dry or wet weather; here we can find tropical rainforest, dry forest, spiny forest, submontane forest, cloud forest and several ecosystems, such as Mangroves, Seagrasses, Coral reefs, Rocky coastline, Lagoons, etc.

'''''Hydrography''''':
Consists of two drainage systems, the maritime one is formed by a set of small streams and creeks that flow into the sea and the continental one is formed by the streams that flow into the Rio Piedras.

'''''Flora''''':
The park has a natural wealth flora of over 350 maritime species and 770 terrestrial. The coastal zone has the greatest wealth of marine vegetation of the whole Colombian Caribbean, with more than 31 types of different plants.

''Forest and xeric and sub-xeric shrublands'':

Trupillo (Prosopis julliflora)
Aromos (Vachellia tortuosa)
Palo Brasil (Haematoxylon brasiletto)
Dividivi (Caesalpinia coriaria)
Guamacho (Pereskiaguamacho)
Cardón de higo (Subpilocereus russellianus)
Tuna (Opuntia wentiana).

'''''Fauna''''':
The park has an extensive fauna, 15 species of amphibians, 202 species of sponges, 471 species of crustaceans, 96 species of annuals, 700 species of molluscs, 110 species of corals and 401 species of sea and river fish, 108 species of mammals, 300 species of birds, 70 species of bats, 31 species of reptiles.

Felidae (Feline): Panthera onca (Jaguar), Leopardus pardalis (Ocelot), Leopardus wiedii (Margay) and Puma yagouarondi (Jaguarundi)

Cervidae (Deer): Mazama americana (Red brocket) and Mazama rufina (Little red brocket)

Dasyproctidae (Ñeque): Dasyprocta punctata(Central American agouti)

Tayassuidae (Zainos): Tayassu tajacu (Collared peccary)

*'''''Cultural features''''':
'''''History''''':
The Tayrona, an ancient indigenous group of chiefdoms, dwelled this region (Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta) between the 800 a.C. and the 1600 a.C., before the arrival of the Spanish in Colombia, their economy was based on agriculture of fruital trees, corn crops and plants. They developed their civilization at 900 - 2000 meters above the sea, due to the mild climate and the variety of local products.

1498: First contact between indigenous and Spanish with Fernando González de Oviedo.

1525: Foundation of Santa Marta city.

1525-1599: Instability between Tayronas and Spanish which led to intense periods of conflict and war.

1600: Beginning of the decimation of the indigenous in hands of the Spanish.

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:t1.jpg|''Ilustration: Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta''
Image:t2.jpg|''Ilustration: The population''
Image:t3.jpg|''Ilustration: The cities''
Image:t4.jpg|''Ilustration: Period of conflict with the Spanish''
</gallery>

The survivors of this decimation were interned in the highest parts of the massif to escape from the Spanish; their descendants are the Kogi, who has maintained themselves isolated so far.

1973: A grave robber, found Lost City (Spanish: Ciudad Perdida).

1976: A Colombian scientific expedition arrived to the Lost City and begging with a process of restoration and conservation of the archaeological remains and the terraces of the city and the entire park.

1979: Is declared a Biosphere reserve of humanity by UNESCO

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:k1.jpg|''Tayronas descendants, The Koguis''
Image:k2.jpg|''Kogui's Houses''
Image:k3.jpg|''Kogui's cities''

</gallery>

The Eco-tourism there, is a great way to being interest and economic infrastructure to the reserve, without causing any damage to the ecosystem. It is amazing to be able to witness such a variety of ecosystems and also the archaeological remains of a Tayrona city of pre-colombian Colombia, the white sand beaches and waters in deep blue, gives great natural and historical diversity to the landscape.''

== What are the objectives of your design? ==

''Please give a short written argumentation (not more than 150 words). It is ok if you have different or even contradicting objectives within your group. Just make it explicit at the beginning of your process ''

■ Accessibility Improvement Plan with Eco Train

One of the issues in Tayrona National Natural Park is accessibility. There are only two ways to access with boat or on foot through trail course and both takes about 1 hr. In case of boat, it is limited by tide. To improve accessibility, I want to suggest eco train in Tayrona National Natural Park. Train is the most eco friendly transportation and it is already introduced in primeval forest in Jeju Island, Korea. It minimizes the effects on forest with single lane narrow mini train but provide a great experience for tourist to observe virgin nature of volcanic forest.

To minimize interference on nature in Tayrona Park, it is strongly recommended to set buffer zone along coastal line, where the most popular spots exist and plan the lane of train inside of buffer zone. Train is operated regularly and it is possible to restrict people explore outside of buffer zone so core area of nature would be preserved efficiently. Furthermore, guide explanation in the train could help tourist understand cultural and historical background.

■ Sustained ecotourism focused around modified beach accessibility

Because there already is very limited access to large parts of the natural park, there is a lot of pressure to the areas that are open to visitors, especially the beaches. To prevent the beaches getting littered and the coral reefs getting damaged/destroyed, I'd like to propose a few design interventions to spread the visitors over a larger area of the nature park, keeping in mind not to disturb the flora and fauna too much. For that, wooden decks would be used to make very inaccessible areas such as the mangroves or steep hills more in reach of ecotourist or locals. Boulders and rocks can be used to prevent access to over-used beaches, (temporarily) allowing them to recover. Small boats leaving from a boathouse could also transport people to remote areas for a small fee, which can then be used for the preservation of the park. Hiking trails could be expanded, with the compulsive use of guides to prevent disturbing wildlife or getting into dangerous situations. The area is large enough for 3 to 4-day hiking routes, something I've seen to be very popular in South Africa, whilst being ecologically tolerable.

■ Mitigating issues of rubbish and improving camping areas

More than 27.000 tourists visit the Tayrona National Natural Park per year, producing more than 120 tonnes of rubbish. This had become a problem because there are just 30 people in charge of the rubbish collection, and they have to go trough thin and remote paths to collect it all. The most problematic areas are the beaches of Arrecifes and Cañaveral, where most tourists stay when they visit the park. Also indigenous peoples are starting to consume food from outside the park,( food cover by plastic wrappers, glass bottles, etc.),of which,they do not know how to despose properly, resulting in the rubbish being burried on site. To solve this problem they are recycling the plastic, glass, and other kind of materials in sisal sacks to then take it out of the park. My proposal to make this more effective is to divide the park in sectors, each sector will have new stone pedestrian routes wich lead to a collection point at the shoreline; then the rubbish collection will be easier. Also, the camping areas will be isolated, away from the park by using native vegetation around these areas as green barriers.There should also be crops where food can be collected, this area should be located inside the camping areas, in that manner the waste can be recycled, in a more environmentally friendly way (like the indigenous do).

== Analytical drawings ==

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:a1.jpg|Elevation of the Park, main different heights
Image:Accessibility.png|Accessibility and Improvement Plan
Image:Tayrona_analysis1.jpg|Different natural areas
Image:Analysis3.jpg|Best Path For Hiking Trail & Native Camps
Image:GA1.jpg|How to get to the Park
Image:GA2.jpg|Best time to go (weather)
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Railway in tayrona.png|Railway and Planting Plan
Image:Tayrona_futuresketch.jpg|Beach accessibility & Improvements
Image:Analysis1.jpg|Hiking Trails & Native Camps
Image:GA3.jpg|Mitigating issues of rubbish and improving camping areas
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==
''Please analyse the individual approaches presented so far and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses (you may use the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis SWOT]analysis model). Try to create a synthesis and represent it with a plan and some sketches. You can still use drawings/sketches.''

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Swot railway.png|Analysis on eco-train
Image:SWOT-Hiking.jpg|Analysis on hiking & camping
Image:SWOT MF.jpg|SWOT Analysis on rubbish issues and improvement of camping areas
Image:SWOT-Beaches.jpg|Analysis on making the entire park more accessible
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''Please reflect on your collaborative design process. Which potentials have you encountered? What was most difficult? What does collaborative design mean for you? (approx 150 words).''

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Jeju eco train 2.jpg|Jeju Island Eco Train
Image:East coastal line.jpg|Single track east coastal line in Korea
Image:Nativecamp.jpg|Jungle Camp, by Poring Hot Springs, Mt Kinabalu
Image:Roodkhan Fotress Way.jpg|Roodkhan Fotress Way,Iran
</gallery>

== References ==
''* Please make sure that you give proper references of all external resources used.''

''* Do not use images of which you do not hold the copyright.''

''* Please add internet links to other resources if necessary.''

http://parquenacionaltayrona.blogspot.de/2009/07/clima.html

----
[[Category:Planting Design 2013 Collaborative Design]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Collaborative Design Planting Design Working Group 6

2014-01-26T21:19:48Z

Maria.fernanda: /* Landscape and/or urban context of your case */

---> back to group page [[Planting_Design_2013_-_Working_Group_6|working group 6]]

'''''Tayrona National Natural Park: Natural environments, and how they return us to our roots.'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Tayrona National Natural Park''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Colombian Caribbean - Magdalena''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Colombia''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''María Fernanda González Duque, Hyeyoon Choi, Ladan Badiee, Jeroen Geudens''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:p.tayrona.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=11.296934
|lng=-74.166496
|zoom=8
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

The Tayrona National Natural Park (Spanish: Parque Nacional Natural Tayrona), is located in the Department of Magdalena, north of Colombia, in the Caribbean sea. With approximately 30 Km2 of maritime area and 150 Km2 of land area, is one of the most visited Natural parks of this country. Its extension goes from Taganga (western side) trough the coastline, until the Piedras River (eastern side).

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:t.mapa.jpg|''Park Location''
Image:t.mapa2.jpg
Image:t.mapa3.jpg
</gallery>

*'''''Biogeography''':
'''''Ecosystems''''':
Due to the different altitudes presents around the park and the pyramid shape of the mountains, we can find temperatures between 25º and 32º, these conditions makes the park have a very dry or wet weather; here we can find tropical rainforest, dry forest, spiny forest, submontane forest, cloud forest and several ecosystems, such as Mangroves, Seagrasses, Coral reefs, Rocky coastline, Lagoons, etc.

'''''Hydrography''''':
Consists of two drainage systems, the maritime one is formed by a set of small streams and creeks that flow into the sea and the continental one is formed by the streams that flow into the Rio Piedras.

'''''Flora''''':
The park has a natural wealth flora of over 350 maritime species and 770 terrestrial. The coastal zone has the greatest wealth of marine vegetation of the whole Colombian Caribbean, with more than 31 types of different plants.

'''''Fauna''''':
The park has an extensive fauna, 15 species of amphibians, 202 species of sponges, 471 species of crustaceans, 96 species of annuals, 700 species of molluscs, 110 species of corals and 401 species of sea and river fish, 108 species of mammals, 300 species of birds, 70 species of bats, 31 species of reptiles.

Felidae (Feline): Panthera onca (Jaguar), Leopardus pardalis (Ocelot), Leopardus wiedii (Margay) and Puma yagouarondi (Jaguarundi)

Cervidae (Deer): Mazama americana (Red brocket) and Mazama rufina (Little red brocket)

Dasyproctidae (Ñeque): Dasyprocta punctata(Central American agouti)

Tayassuidae (Zainos): Tayassu tajacu (Collared peccary)

*'''''Cultural features''''':
'''''History''''':
The Tayrona, an ancient indigenous group of chiefdoms, dwelled this region (Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta) between the 800 a.C. and the 1600 a.C., before the arrival of the Spanish in Colombia, their economy was based on agriculture of fruital trees, corn crops and plants. They developed their civilization at 900 - 2000 meters above the sea, due to the mild climate and the variety of local products.

1498: First contact between indigenous and Spanish with Fernando González de Oviedo.

1525: Foundation of Santa Marta city.

1525-1599: Instability between Tayronas and Spanish which led to intense periods of conflict and war.

1600: Beginning of the decimation of the indigenous in hands of the Spanish.

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:t1.jpg|''Ilustration: Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta''
Image:t2.jpg|''Ilustration: The population''
Image:t3.jpg|''Ilustration: The cities''
Image:t4.jpg|''Ilustration: Period of conflict with the Spanish''
</gallery>

The survivors of this decimation were interned in the highest parts of the massif to escape from the Spanish; their descendants are the Kogi, who has maintained themselves isolated so far.

1973: A grave robber, found Lost City (Spanish: Ciudad Perdida).

1976: A Colombian scientific expedition arrived to the Lost City and begging with a process of restoration and conservation of the archaeological remains and the terraces of the city and the entire park.

1979: Is declared a Biosphere reserve of humanity by UNESCO

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:k1.jpg|''Tayronas descendants, The Koguis''
Image:k2.jpg|''Kogui's Houses''
Image:k3.jpg|''Kogui's cities''

</gallery>

The Eco-tourism there, is a great way to being interest and economic infrastructure to the reserve, without causing any damage to the ecosystem. It is amazing to be able to witness such a variety of ecosystems and also the archaeological remains of a Tayrona city of pre-colombian Colombia, the white sand beaches and waters in deep blue, gives great natural and historical diversity to the landscape.''

== What are the objectives of your design? ==

''Please give a short written argumentation (not more than 150 words). It is ok if you have different or even contradicting objectives within your group. Just make it explicit at the beginning of your process ''

■ Accessibility Improvement Plan with Eco Train

One of the issues in Tayrona National Natural Park is accessibility. There are only two ways to access with boat or on foot through trail course and both takes about 1 hr. In case of boat, it is limited by tide. To improve accessibility, I want to suggest eco train in Tayrona National Natural Park. Train is the most eco friendly transportation and it is already introduced in primeval forest in Jeju Island, Korea. It minimizes the effects on forest with single lane narrow mini train but provide a great experience for tourist to observe virgin nature of volcanic forest.

To minimize interference on nature in Tayrona Park, it is strongly recommended to set buffer zone along coastal line, where the most popular spots exist and plan the lane of train inside of buffer zone. Train is operated regularly and it is possible to restrict people explore outside of buffer zone so core area of nature would be preserved efficiently. Furthermore, guide explanation in the train could help tourist understand cultural and historical background.

■ Sustained ecotourism focused around modified beach accessibility

Because there already is very limited access to large parts of the natural park, there is a lot of pressure to the areas that are open to visitors, especially the beaches. To prevent the beaches getting littered and the coral reefs getting damaged/destroyed, I'd like to propose a few design interventions to spread the visitors over a larger area of the nature park, keeping in mind not to disturb the flora and fauna too much. For that, wooden decks would be used to make very inaccessible areas such as the mangroves or steep hills more in reach of ecotourist or locals. Boulders and rocks can be used to prevent access to over-used beaches, (temporarily) allowing them to recover. Small boats leaving from a boathouse could also transport people to remote areas for a small fee, which can then be used for the preservation of the park. Hiking trails could be expanded, with the compulsive use of guides to prevent disturbing wildlife or getting into dangerous situations. The area is large enough for 3 to 4-day hiking routes, something I've seen to be very popular in South Africa, whilst being ecologically tolerable.

■ Mitigating issues of rubbish and improving camping areas

More than 27.000 tourists visit the Tayrona National Natural Park per year, producing more than 120 tonnes of rubbish. This had become a problem because there are just 30 people in charge of the rubbish collection, and they have to go trough thin and remote paths to collect it all. The most problematic areas are the beaches of Arrecifes and Cañaveral, where most tourists stay when they visit the park. Also indigenous peoples are starting to consume food from outside the park,( food cover by plastic wrappers, glass bottles, etc.),of which,they do not know how to despose properly, resulting in the rubbish being burried on site. To solve this problem they are recycling the plastic, glass, and other kind of materials in sisal sacks to then take it out of the park. My proposal to make this more effective is to divide the park in sectors, each sector will have new stone pedestrian routes wich lead to a collection point at the shoreline; then the rubbish collection will be easier. Also, the camping areas will be isolated, away from the park by using native vegetation around these areas as green barriers.There should also be crops where food can be collected, this area should be located inside the camping areas, in that manner the waste can be recycled, in a more environmentally friendly way (like the indigenous do).

== Analytical drawings ==

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:a1.jpg|Elevation of the Park, main different heights
Image:Accessibility.png|Accessibility and Improvement Plan
Image:Tayrona_analysis1.jpg|Different natural areas
Image:Analysis3.jpg|Best Path For Hiking Trail & Native Camps
Image:GA1.jpg|How to get to the Park
Image:GA2.jpg|Best time to go (weather)
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Railway in tayrona.png|Railway and Planting Plan
Image:Tayrona_futuresketch.jpg|Beach accessibility & Improvements
Image:Analysis1.jpg|Hiking Trails & Native Camps
Image:GA3.jpg|Mitigating issues of rubbish and improving camping areas
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==
''Please analyse the individual approaches presented so far and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses (you may use the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis SWOT]analysis model). Try to create a synthesis and represent it with a plan and some sketches. You can still use drawings/sketches.''

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Swot railway.png|Analysis on eco-train
Image:SWOT-Hiking.jpg|Analysis on hiking & camping
Image:SWOT MF.jpg|SWOT Analysis on rubbish issues and improvement of camping areas
Image:SWOT-Beaches.jpg|Analysis on making the entire park more accessible
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''Please reflect on your collaborative design process. Which potentials have you encountered? What was most difficult? What does collaborative design mean for you? (approx 150 words).''

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Jeju eco train 2.jpg|Jeju Island Eco Train
Image:East coastal line.jpg|Single track east coastal line in Korea
Image:Nativecamp.jpg|Jungle Camp, by Poring Hot Springs, Mt Kinabalu
Image:Roodkhan Fotress Way.jpg|Roodkhan Fotress Way,Iran
</gallery>

== References ==
''* Please make sure that you give proper references of all external resources used.''

''* Do not use images of which you do not hold the copyright.''

''* Please add internet links to other resources if necessary.''

http://parquenacionaltayrona.blogspot.de/2009/07/clima.html

----
[[Category:Planting Design 2013 Collaborative Design]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Collaborative Design Planting Design Working Group 6

2014-01-26T21:08:32Z

Maria.fernanda: /* References */

---> back to group page [[Planting_Design_2013_-_Working_Group_6|working group 6]]

'''''Tayrona National Natural Park: Natural environments, and how they return us to our roots.'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Tayrona National Natural Park''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Colombian Caribbean - Magdalena''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Colombia''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''María Fernanda González Duque, Hyeyoon Choi, Ladan Badiee, Jeroen Geudens''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:p.tayrona.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=11.296934
|lng=-74.166496
|zoom=8
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

The Tayrona National Natural Park (Spanish: Parque Nacional Natural Tayrona), is located in the Department of Magdalena, north of Colombia, in the Caribbean sea. With approximately 30 Km2 of maritime area and 150 Km2 of land area, is one of the most visited Natural parks of this country. Its extension goes from Taganga (western side) trough the coastline, until the Piedras River (eastern side).

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:t.mapa.jpg|''Park Location''
Image:t.mapa2.jpg
Image:t.mapa3.jpg
</gallery>

*'''''Biogeography''':
'''''Ecosystems''''':
Due to the different altitudes presents around the park and the pyramid shape of the mountains, we can find temperatures between 25º and 32º, these conditions makes the park have a very dry or wet weather; here we can find tropical rainforest, dry forest, spiny forest, submontane forest, cloud forest and several ecosystems, such as Mangroves, Seagrasses, Coral reefs, Rocky coastline, Lagoons, etc.

'''''Hydrography''''':
Consists of two drainage systems, the maritime one is formed by a set of small streams and creeks that flow into the sea and the continental one is formed by the streams that flow into the Rio Piedras.

'''''Flora and Fauna''''':
The park has a natural wealth flora of over 350 maritime species and 770 terrestrial along with an extensive fauna, 15 species of amphibians, 202 species of sponges, 471 species of crustaceans, 96 species of annuals, 700 species of molluscs, 110 species of corals and 401 species of sea and river fish, 108 species of mammals, 300 species of birds, 70 species of bats, 31 species of reptiles. The coastal zone has the greatest wealth of marine vegetation of the whole Colombian Caribbean, with more than 31 types of different plants.

Felidae (Feline): Panthera onca (Jaguar), Leopardus pardalis (Ocelot), Leopardus wiedii (Margay) and Puma yagouarondi (Jaguarundi)

Cervidae (Deer): Mazama americana (Red brocket) and Mazama rufina (Little red brocket)

Dasyproctidae (Ñeque): Dasyprocta punctata(Central American agouti)

Tayassuidae (Zainos): Tayassu tajacu (Collared peccary)

*'''''Cultural features''''':
'''''History''''':
The Tayrona, an ancient indigenous group of chiefdoms, dwelled this region (Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta) between the 800 a.C. and the 1600 a.C., before the arrival of the Spanish in Colombia, their economy was based on agriculture of fruital trees, corn crops and plants. They developed their civilization at 900 - 2000 meters above the sea, due to the mild climate and the variety of local products.

1498: First contact between indigenous and Spanish with Fernando González de Oviedo.

1525: Foundation of Santa Marta city.

1525-1599: Instability between Tayronas and Spanish which led to intense periods of conflict and war.

1600: Beginning of the decimation of the indigenous in hands of the Spanish.

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:t1.jpg|''Ilustration: Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta''
Image:t2.jpg|''Ilustration: The population''
Image:t3.jpg|''Ilustration: The cities''
Image:t4.jpg|''Ilustration: Period of conflict with the Spanish''
</gallery>

The survivors of this decimation were interned in the highest parts of the massif to escape from the Spanish; their descendants are the Kogi, who has maintained themselves isolated so far.

1973: A grave robber, found Lost City (Spanish: Ciudad Perdida).

1976: A Colombian scientific expedition arrived to the Lost City and begging with a process of restoration and conservation of the archaeological remains and the terraces of the city and the entire park.

1979: Is declared a Biosphere reserve of humanity by UNESCO

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:k1.jpg|''Tayronas descendants, The Koguis''
Image:k2.jpg|''Kogui's Houses''
Image:k3.jpg|''Kogui's cities''

</gallery>

The Eco-tourism there, is a great way to being interest and economic infrastructure to the reserve, without causing any damage to the ecosystem. It is amazing to be able to witness such a variety of ecosystems and also the archaeological remains of a Tayrona city of pre-colombian Colombia, the white sand beaches and waters in deep blue, gives great natural and historical diversity to the landscape.''

== What are the objectives of your design? ==

''Please give a short written argumentation (not more than 150 words). It is ok if you have different or even contradicting objectives within your group. Just make it explicit at the beginning of your process ''

■ Accessibility Improvement Plan with Eco Train

One of the issues in Tayrona National Natural Park is accessibility. There are only two ways to access with boat or on foot through trail course and both takes about 1 hr. In case of boat, it is limited by tide. To improve accessibility, I want to suggest eco train in Tayrona National Natural Park. Train is the most eco friendly transportation and it is already introduced in primeval forest in Jeju Island, Korea. It minimizes the effects on forest with single lane narrow mini train but provide a great experience for tourist to observe virgin nature of volcanic forest.

To minimize interference on nature in Tayrona Park, it is strongly recommended to set buffer zone along coastal line, where the most popular spots exist and plan the lane of train inside of buffer zone. Train is operated regularly and it is possible to restrict people explore outside of buffer zone so core area of nature would be preserved efficiently. Furthermore, guide explanation in the train could help tourist understand cultural and historical background.

■ Sustained ecotourism focused around modified beach accessibility

Because there already is very limited access to large parts of the natural park, there is a lot of pressure to the areas that are open to visitors, especially the beaches. To prevent the beaches getting littered and the coral reefs getting damaged/destroyed, I'd like to propose a few design interventions to spread the visitors over a larger area of the nature park, keeping in mind not to disturb the flora and fauna too much. For that, wooden decks would be used to make very inaccessible areas such as the mangroves or steep hills more in reach of ecotourist or locals. Boulders and rocks can be used to prevent access to over-used beaches, (temporarily) allowing them to recover. Small boats leaving from a boathouse could also transport people to remote areas for a small fee, which can then be used for the preservation of the park. Hiking trails could be expanded, with the compulsive use of guides to prevent disturbing wildlife or getting into dangerous situations. The area is large enough for 3 to 4-day hiking routes, something I've seen to be very popular in South Africa, whilst being ecologically tolerable.

■ Mitigating issues of rubbish and improving camping areas

More than 27.000 tourists visit the Tayrona National Natural Park per year, producing more than 120 tonnes of rubbish. This had become a problem because there are just 30 people in charge of the rubbish collection, and they have to go trough thin and remote paths to collect it all. The most problematic areas are the beaches of Arrecifes and Cañaveral, where most tourists stay when they visit the park. Also indigenous peoples are starting to consume food from outside the park,( food cover by plastic wrappers, glass bottles, etc.),of which,they do not know how to despose properly, resulting in the rubbish being burried on site. To solve this problem they are recycling the plastic, glass, and other kind of materials in sisal sacks to then take it out of the park. My proposal to make this more effective is to divide the park in sectors, each sector will have new stone pedestrian routes wich lead to a collection point at the shoreline; then the rubbish collection will be easier. Also, the camping areas will be isolated, away from the park by using native vegetation around these areas as green barriers.There should also be crops where food can be collected, this area should be located inside the camping areas, in that manner the waste can be recycled, in a more environmentally friendly way (like the indigenous do).

== Analytical drawings ==

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:a1.jpg|Elevation of the Park, main different heights
Image:Accessibility.png|Accessibility and Improvement Plan
Image:Tayrona_analysis1.jpg|Different natural areas
Image:Analysis3.jpg|Best Path For Hiking Trail & Native Camps
Image:GA1.jpg|How to get to the Park
Image:GA2.jpg|Best time to go (weather)
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Railway in tayrona.png|Railway and Planting Plan
Image:Tayrona_futuresketch.jpg|Beach accessibility & Improvements
Image:Analysis1.jpg|Hiking Trails & Native Camps
Image:GA3.jpg|Mitigating issues of rubbish and improving camping areas
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==
''Please analyse the individual approaches presented so far and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses (you may use the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis SWOT]analysis model). Try to create a synthesis and represent it with a plan and some sketches. You can still use drawings/sketches.''

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Swot railway.png|Analysis on eco-train
Image:SWOT-Hiking.jpg|Analysis on hiking & camping
Image:SWOT MF.jpg|SWOT Analysis on rubbish issues and improvement of camping areas
Image:SWOT-Beaches.jpg|Analysis on making the entire park more accessible
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''Please reflect on your collaborative design process. Which potentials have you encountered? What was most difficult? What does collaborative design mean for you? (approx 150 words).''

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Jeju eco train 2.jpg|Jeju Island Eco Train
Image:East coastal line.jpg|Single track east coastal line in Korea
Image:Nativecamp.jpg|Jungle Camp, by Poring Hot Springs, Mt Kinabalu
Image:Roodkhan Fotress Way.jpg|Roodkhan Fotress Way,Iran
</gallery>

== References ==
''* Please make sure that you give proper references of all external resources used.''

''* Do not use images of which you do not hold the copyright.''

''* Please add internet links to other resources if necessary.''

http://parquenacionaltayrona.blogspot.de/2009/07/clima.html

----
[[Category:Planting Design 2013 Collaborative Design]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Collaborative Design Planting Design Working Group 6

2014-01-26T21:04:01Z

Maria.fernanda: /* Projective drawings */

---> back to group page [[Planting_Design_2013_-_Working_Group_6|working group 6]]

'''''Tayrona National Natural Park: Natural environments, and how they return us to our roots.'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Tayrona National Natural Park''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Colombian Caribbean - Magdalena''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Colombia''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''María Fernanda González Duque, Hyeyoon Choi, Ladan Badiee, Jeroen Geudens''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:p.tayrona.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=11.296934
|lng=-74.166496
|zoom=8
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

The Tayrona National Natural Park (Spanish: Parque Nacional Natural Tayrona), is located in the Department of Magdalena, north of Colombia, in the Caribbean sea. With approximately 30 Km2 of maritime area and 150 Km2 of land area, is one of the most visited Natural parks of this country. Its extension goes from Taganga (western side) trough the coastline, until the Piedras River (eastern side).

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:t.mapa.jpg|''Park Location''
Image:t.mapa2.jpg
Image:t.mapa3.jpg
</gallery>

*'''''Biogeography''':
'''''Ecosystems''''':
Due to the different altitudes presents around the park and the pyramid shape of the mountains, we can find temperatures between 25º and 32º, these conditions makes the park have a very dry or wet weather; here we can find tropical rainforest, dry forest, spiny forest, submontane forest, cloud forest and several ecosystems, such as Mangroves, Seagrasses, Coral reefs, Rocky coastline, Lagoons, etc.

'''''Hydrography''''':
Consists of two drainage systems, the maritime one is formed by a set of small streams and creeks that flow into the sea and the continental one is formed by the streams that flow into the Rio Piedras.

'''''Flora and Fauna''''':
The park has a natural wealth flora of over 350 maritime species and 770 terrestrial along with an extensive fauna, 15 species of amphibians, 202 species of sponges, 471 species of crustaceans, 96 species of annuals, 700 species of molluscs, 110 species of corals and 401 species of sea and river fish, 108 species of mammals, 300 species of birds, 70 species of bats, 31 species of reptiles. The coastal zone has the greatest wealth of marine vegetation of the whole Colombian Caribbean, with more than 31 types of different plants.

Felidae (Feline): Panthera onca (Jaguar), Leopardus pardalis (Ocelot), Leopardus wiedii (Margay) and Puma yagouarondi (Jaguarundi)

Cervidae (Deer): Mazama americana (Red brocket) and Mazama rufina (Little red brocket)

Dasyproctidae (Ñeque): Dasyprocta punctata(Central American agouti)

Tayassuidae (Zainos): Tayassu tajacu (Collared peccary)

*'''''Cultural features''''':
'''''History''''':
The Tayrona, an ancient indigenous group of chiefdoms, dwelled this region (Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta) between the 800 a.C. and the 1600 a.C., before the arrival of the Spanish in Colombia, their economy was based on agriculture of fruital trees, corn crops and plants. They developed their civilization at 900 - 2000 meters above the sea, due to the mild climate and the variety of local products.

1498: First contact between indigenous and Spanish with Fernando González de Oviedo.

1525: Foundation of Santa Marta city.

1525-1599: Instability between Tayronas and Spanish which led to intense periods of conflict and war.

1600: Beginning of the decimation of the indigenous in hands of the Spanish.

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:t1.jpg|''Ilustration: Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta''
Image:t2.jpg|''Ilustration: The population''
Image:t3.jpg|''Ilustration: The cities''
Image:t4.jpg|''Ilustration: Period of conflict with the Spanish''
</gallery>

The survivors of this decimation were interned in the highest parts of the massif to escape from the Spanish; their descendants are the Kogi, who has maintained themselves isolated so far.

1973: A grave robber, found Lost City (Spanish: Ciudad Perdida).

1976: A Colombian scientific expedition arrived to the Lost City and begging with a process of restoration and conservation of the archaeological remains and the terraces of the city and the entire park.

1979: Is declared a Biosphere reserve of humanity by UNESCO

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:k1.jpg|''Tayronas descendants, The Koguis''
Image:k2.jpg|''Kogui's Houses''
Image:k3.jpg|''Kogui's cities''

</gallery>

The Eco-tourism there, is a great way to being interest and economic infrastructure to the reserve, without causing any damage to the ecosystem. It is amazing to be able to witness such a variety of ecosystems and also the archaeological remains of a Tayrona city of pre-colombian Colombia, the white sand beaches and waters in deep blue, gives great natural and historical diversity to the landscape.''

== What are the objectives of your design? ==

''Please give a short written argumentation (not more than 150 words). It is ok if you have different or even contradicting objectives within your group. Just make it explicit at the beginning of your process ''

■ Accessibility Improvement Plan with Eco Train

One of the issues in Tayrona National Natural Park is accessibility. There are only two ways to access with boat or on foot through trail course and both takes about 1 hr. In case of boat, it is limited by tide. To improve accessibility, I want to suggest eco train in Tayrona National Natural Park. Train is the most eco friendly transportation and it is already introduced in primeval forest in Jeju Island, Korea. It minimizes the effects on forest with single lane narrow mini train but provide a great experience for tourist to observe virgin nature of volcanic forest.

To minimize interference on nature in Tayrona Park, it is strongly recommended to set buffer zone along coastal line, where the most popular spots exist and plan the lane of train inside of buffer zone. Train is operated regularly and it is possible to restrict people explore outside of buffer zone so core area of nature would be preserved efficiently. Furthermore, guide explanation in the train could help tourist understand cultural and historical background.

■ Sustained ecotourism focused around modified beach accessibility

Because there already is very limited access to large parts of the natural park, there is a lot of pressure to the areas that are open to visitors, especially the beaches. To prevent the beaches getting littered and the coral reefs getting damaged/destroyed, I'd like to propose a few design interventions to spread the visitors over a larger area of the nature park, keeping in mind not to disturb the flora and fauna too much. For that, wooden decks would be used to make very inaccessible areas such as the mangroves or steep hills more in reach of ecotourist or locals. Boulders and rocks can be used to prevent access to over-used beaches, (temporarily) allowing them to recover. Small boats leaving from a boathouse could also transport people to remote areas for a small fee, which can then be used for the preservation of the park. Hiking trails could be expanded, with the compulsive use of guides to prevent disturbing wildlife or getting into dangerous situations. The area is large enough for 3 to 4-day hiking routes, something I've seen to be very popular in South Africa, whilst being ecologically tolerable.

■ Mitigating issues of rubbish and improving camping areas

More than 27.000 tourists visit the Tayrona National Natural Park per year, producing more than 120 tonnes of rubbish. This had become a problem because there are just 30 people in charge of the rubbish collection, and they have to go trough thin and remote paths to collect it all. The most problematic areas are the beaches of Arrecifes and Cañaveral, where most tourists stay when they visit the park. Also indigenous peoples are starting to consume food from outside the park,( food cover by plastic wrappers, glass bottles, etc.),of which,they do not know how to despose properly, resulting in the rubbish being burried on site. To solve this problem they are recycling the plastic, glass, and other kind of materials in sisal sacks to then take it out of the park. My proposal to make this more effective is to divide the park in sectors, each sector will have new stone pedestrian routes wich lead to a collection point at the shoreline; then the rubbish collection will be easier. Also, the camping areas will be isolated, away from the park by using native vegetation around these areas as green barriers.There should also be crops where food can be collected, this area should be located inside the camping areas, in that manner the waste can be recycled, in a more environmentally friendly way (like the indigenous do).

== Analytical drawings ==

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:a1.jpg|Elevation of the Park, main different heights
Image:Accessibility.png|Accessibility and Improvement Plan
Image:Tayrona_analysis1.jpg|Different natural areas
Image:Analysis3.jpg|Best Path For Hiking Trail & Native Camps
Image:GA1.jpg|How to get to the Park
Image:GA2.jpg|Best time to go (weather)
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Railway in tayrona.png|Railway and Planting Plan
Image:Tayrona_futuresketch.jpg|Beach accessibility & Improvements
Image:Analysis1.jpg|Hiking Trails & Native Camps
Image:GA3.jpg|Mitigating issues of rubbish and improving camping areas
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==
''Please analyse the individual approaches presented so far and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses (you may use the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis SWOT]analysis model). Try to create a synthesis and represent it with a plan and some sketches. You can still use drawings/sketches.''

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Swot railway.png|Analysis on eco-train
Image:SWOT-Hiking.jpg|Analysis on hiking & camping
Image:SWOT MF.jpg|SWOT Analysis on rubbish issues and improvement of camping areas
Image:SWOT-Beaches.jpg|Analysis on making the entire park more accessible
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''Please reflect on your collaborative design process. Which potentials have you encountered? What was most difficult? What does collaborative design mean for you? (approx 150 words).''

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Jeju eco train 2.jpg|Jeju Island Eco Train
Image:East coastal line.jpg|Single track east coastal line in Korea
Image:Nativecamp.jpg|Jungle Camp, by Poring Hot Springs, Mt Kinabalu
Image:Roodkhan Fotress Way.jpg|Roodkhan Fotress Way,Iran
</gallery>

== References ==
''* Please make sure that you give proper references of all external resources used.''

''* Do not use images of which you do not hold the copyright.''

''* Please add internet links to other resources if necessary.''

----
[[Category:Planting Design 2013 Collaborative Design]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Collaborative Design Planting Design Working Group 6

2014-01-26T21:01:56Z

Maria.fernanda: /* Projective drawings */

---> back to group page [[Planting_Design_2013_-_Working_Group_6|working group 6]]

'''''Tayrona National Natural Park: Natural environments, and how they return us to our roots.'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Tayrona National Natural Park''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Colombian Caribbean - Magdalena''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Colombia''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''María Fernanda González Duque, Hyeyoon Choi, Ladan Badiee, Jeroen Geudens''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:p.tayrona.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=11.296934
|lng=-74.166496
|zoom=8
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

The Tayrona National Natural Park (Spanish: Parque Nacional Natural Tayrona), is located in the Department of Magdalena, north of Colombia, in the Caribbean sea. With approximately 30 Km2 of maritime area and 150 Km2 of land area, is one of the most visited Natural parks of this country. Its extension goes from Taganga (western side) trough the coastline, until the Piedras River (eastern side).

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:t.mapa.jpg|''Park Location''
Image:t.mapa2.jpg
Image:t.mapa3.jpg
</gallery>

*'''''Biogeography''':
'''''Ecosystems''''':
Due to the different altitudes presents around the park and the pyramid shape of the mountains, we can find temperatures between 25º and 32º, these conditions makes the park have a very dry or wet weather; here we can find tropical rainforest, dry forest, spiny forest, submontane forest, cloud forest and several ecosystems, such as Mangroves, Seagrasses, Coral reefs, Rocky coastline, Lagoons, etc.

'''''Hydrography''''':
Consists of two drainage systems, the maritime one is formed by a set of small streams and creeks that flow into the sea and the continental one is formed by the streams that flow into the Rio Piedras.

'''''Flora and Fauna''''':
The park has a natural wealth flora of over 350 maritime species and 770 terrestrial along with an extensive fauna, 15 species of amphibians, 202 species of sponges, 471 species of crustaceans, 96 species of annuals, 700 species of molluscs, 110 species of corals and 401 species of sea and river fish, 108 species of mammals, 300 species of birds, 70 species of bats, 31 species of reptiles. The coastal zone has the greatest wealth of marine vegetation of the whole Colombian Caribbean, with more than 31 types of different plants.

Felidae (Feline): Panthera onca (Jaguar), Leopardus pardalis (Ocelot), Leopardus wiedii (Margay) and Puma yagouarondi (Jaguarundi)

Cervidae (Deer): Mazama americana (Red brocket) and Mazama rufina (Little red brocket)

Dasyproctidae (Ñeque): Dasyprocta punctata(Central American agouti)

Tayassuidae (Zainos): Tayassu tajacu (Collared peccary)

*'''''Cultural features''''':
'''''History''''':
The Tayrona, an ancient indigenous group of chiefdoms, dwelled this region (Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta) between the 800 a.C. and the 1600 a.C., before the arrival of the Spanish in Colombia, their economy was based on agriculture of fruital trees, corn crops and plants. They developed their civilization at 900 - 2000 meters above the sea, due to the mild climate and the variety of local products.

1498: First contact between indigenous and Spanish with Fernando González de Oviedo.

1525: Foundation of Santa Marta city.

1525-1599: Instability between Tayronas and Spanish which led to intense periods of conflict and war.

1600: Beginning of the decimation of the indigenous in hands of the Spanish.

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:t1.jpg|''Ilustration: Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta''
Image:t2.jpg|''Ilustration: The population''
Image:t3.jpg|''Ilustration: The cities''
Image:t4.jpg|''Ilustration: Period of conflict with the Spanish''
</gallery>

The survivors of this decimation were interned in the highest parts of the massif to escape from the Spanish; their descendants are the Kogi, who has maintained themselves isolated so far.

1973: A grave robber, found Lost City (Spanish: Ciudad Perdida).

1976: A Colombian scientific expedition arrived to the Lost City and begging with a process of restoration and conservation of the archaeological remains and the terraces of the city and the entire park.

1979: Is declared a Biosphere reserve of humanity by UNESCO

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:k1.jpg|''Tayronas descendants, The Koguis''
Image:k2.jpg|''Kogui's Houses''
Image:k3.jpg|''Kogui's cities''

</gallery>

The Eco-tourism there, is a great way to being interest and economic infrastructure to the reserve, without causing any damage to the ecosystem. It is amazing to be able to witness such a variety of ecosystems and also the archaeological remains of a Tayrona city of pre-colombian Colombia, the white sand beaches and waters in deep blue, gives great natural and historical diversity to the landscape.''

== What are the objectives of your design? ==

''Please give a short written argumentation (not more than 150 words). It is ok if you have different or even contradicting objectives within your group. Just make it explicit at the beginning of your process ''

■ Accessibility Improvement Plan with Eco Train

One of the issues in Tayrona National Natural Park is accessibility. There are only two ways to access with boat or on foot through trail course and both takes about 1 hr. In case of boat, it is limited by tide. To improve accessibility, I want to suggest eco train in Tayrona National Natural Park. Train is the most eco friendly transportation and it is already introduced in primeval forest in Jeju Island, Korea. It minimizes the effects on forest with single lane narrow mini train but provide a great experience for tourist to observe virgin nature of volcanic forest.

To minimize interference on nature in Tayrona Park, it is strongly recommended to set buffer zone along coastal line, where the most popular spots exist and plan the lane of train inside of buffer zone. Train is operated regularly and it is possible to restrict people explore outside of buffer zone so core area of nature would be preserved efficiently. Furthermore, guide explanation in the train could help tourist understand cultural and historical background.

■ Sustained ecotourism focused around modified beach accessibility

Because there already is very limited access to large parts of the natural park, there is a lot of pressure to the areas that are open to visitors, especially the beaches. To prevent the beaches getting littered and the coral reefs getting damaged/destroyed, I'd like to propose a few design interventions to spread the visitors over a larger area of the nature park, keeping in mind not to disturb the flora and fauna too much. For that, wooden decks would be used to make very inaccessible areas such as the mangroves or steep hills more in reach of ecotourist or locals. Boulders and rocks can be used to prevent access to over-used beaches, (temporarily) allowing them to recover. Small boats leaving from a boathouse could also transport people to remote areas for a small fee, which can then be used for the preservation of the park. Hiking trails could be expanded, with the compulsive use of guides to prevent disturbing wildlife or getting into dangerous situations. The area is large enough for 3 to 4-day hiking routes, something I've seen to be very popular in South Africa, whilst being ecologically tolerable.

■ Mitigating issues of rubbish and improving camping areas

More than 27.000 tourists visit the Tayrona National Natural Park per year, producing more than 120 tonnes of rubbish. This had become a problem because there are just 30 people in charge of the rubbish collection, and they have to go trough thin and remote paths to collect it all. The most problematic areas are the beaches of Arrecifes and Cañaveral, where most tourists stay when they visit the park. Also indigenous peoples are starting to consume food from outside the park,( food cover by plastic wrappers, glass bottles, etc.),of which,they do not know how to despose properly, resulting in the rubbish being burried on site. To solve this problem they are recycling the plastic, glass, and other kind of materials in sisal sacks to then take it out of the park. My proposal to make this more effective is to divide the park in sectors, each sector will have new stone pedestrian routes wich lead to a collection point at the shoreline; then the rubbish collection will be easier. Also, the camping areas will be isolated, away from the park by using native vegetation around these areas as green barriers.There should also be crops where food can be collected, this area should be located inside the camping areas, in that manner the waste can be recycled, in a more environmentally friendly way (like the indigenous do).

== Analytical drawings ==

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:a1.jpg|Elevation of the Park, main different heights
Image:Accessibility.png|Accessibility and Improvement Plan
Image:Tayrona_analysis1.jpg|Different natural areas
Image:Analysis3.jpg|Best Path For Hiking Trail & Native Camps
Image:GA1.jpg|How to get to the Park
Image:GA2.jpg|Best time to go (weather)
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Railway in tayrona.png|Railway and Planting Plan
Image:Tayrona_futuresketch.jpg|Beach accessibility & Improvements
Image:Analysis1.jpg|Hiking Trails & Native Camps
Image:GA3.jpg|projective drawing 4
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==
''Please analyse the individual approaches presented so far and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses (you may use the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis SWOT]analysis model). Try to create a synthesis and represent it with a plan and some sketches. You can still use drawings/sketches.''

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Swot railway.png|Analysis on eco-train
Image:SWOT-Hiking.jpg|Analysis on hiking & camping
Image:SWOT MF.jpg|SWOT Analysis on rubbish issues and improvement of camping areas
Image:SWOT-Beaches.jpg|Analysis on making the entire park more accessible
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''Please reflect on your collaborative design process. Which potentials have you encountered? What was most difficult? What does collaborative design mean for you? (approx 150 words).''

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Jeju eco train 2.jpg|Jeju Island Eco Train
Image:East coastal line.jpg|Single track east coastal line in Korea
Image:Nativecamp.jpg|Jungle Camp, by Poring Hot Springs, Mt Kinabalu
Image:Roodkhan Fotress Way.jpg|Roodkhan Fotress Way,Iran
</gallery>

== References ==
''* Please make sure that you give proper references of all external resources used.''

''* Do not use images of which you do not hold the copyright.''

''* Please add internet links to other resources if necessary.''

----
[[Category:Planting Design 2013 Collaborative Design]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

File:GA3.jpg

2014-01-26T21:01:01Z

Maria.fernanda:

Collaborative Design Planting Design Working Group 6

2014-01-24T16:59:24Z

Maria.fernanda: /* Design Synthesis */

---> back to group page [[Planting_Design_2013_-_Working_Group_6|working group 6]]

'''''Tayrona National Natural Park: Natural environments, and how they return us to our roots.'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Tayrona National Natural Park''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Colombian Caribbean - Magdalena''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Colombia''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''María Fernanda González Duque, Hyeyoon Choi, Ladan Badiee, Jeroen Geudens''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:p.tayrona.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=11.296934
|lng=-74.166496
|zoom=8
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

The Tayrona National Natural Park (Spanish: Parque Nacional Natural Tayrona), is located in the Department of Magdalena, north of Colombia, in the Caribbean sea. With approximately 30 Km2 of maritime area and 150 Km2 of land area, is one of the most visited Natural parks of this country. Its extension goes from Taganga (western side) trough the coastline, until the Piedras River (eastern side).

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:t.mapa.jpg|''Park Location''
Image:t.mapa2.jpg
Image:t.mapa3.jpg
</gallery>

*'''''Biogeography''':
'''''Ecosystems''''':
Due to the different altitudes presents around the park and the pyramid shape of the mountains, we can find temperatures between 25º and 32º, these conditions makes the park have a very dry or wet weather; here we can find tropical rainforest, dry forest, spiny forest, submontane forest, cloud forest and several ecosystems, such as Mangroves, Seagrasses, Coral reefs, Rocky coastline, Lagoons, etc.

'''''Hydrography''''':
Consists of two drainage systems, the maritime one is formed by a set of small streams and creeks that flow into the sea and the continental one is formed by the streams that flow into the Rio Piedras.

'''''Flora and Fauna''''':
The park has a natural wealth flora of over 350 maritime species and 770 terrestrial along with an extensive fauna, 15 species of amphibians, 202 species of sponges, 471 species of crustaceans, 96 species of annuals, 700 species of molluscs, 110 species of corals and 401 species of sea and river fish, 108 species of mammals, 300 species of birds, 70 species of bats, 31 species of reptiles. The coastal zone has the greatest wealth of marine vegetation of the whole Colombian Caribbean, with more than 31 types of different plants.

Felidae (Feline): Panthera onca (Jaguar), Leopardus pardalis (Ocelot), Leopardus wiedii (Margay) and Puma yagouarondi (Jaguarundi)

Cervidae (Deer): Mazama americana (Red brocket) and Mazama rufina (Little red brocket)

Dasyproctidae (Ñeque): Dasyprocta punctata(Central American agouti)

Tayassuidae (Zainos): Tayassu tajacu (Collared peccary)

*'''''Cultural features''''':
'''''History''''':
The Tayrona, an ancient indigenous group of chiefdoms, dwelled this region (Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta) between the 800 a.C. and the 1600 a.C., before the arrival of the Spanish in Colombia, their economy was based on agriculture of fruital trees, corn crops and plants. They developed their civilization at 900 - 2000 meters above the sea, due to the mild climate and the variety of local products.

1498: First contact between indigenous and Spanish with Fernando González de Oviedo.

1525: Foundation of Santa Marta city.

1525-1599: Instability between Tayronas and Spanish which led to intense periods of conflict and war.

1600: Beginning of the decimation of the indigenous in hands of the Spanish.

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:t1.jpg|''Ilustration: Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta''
Image:t2.jpg|''Ilustration: The population''
Image:t3.jpg|''Ilustration: The cities''
Image:t4.jpg|''Ilustration: Period of conflict with the Spanish''
</gallery>

The survivors of this decimation were interned in the highest parts of the massif to escape from the Spanish; their descendants are the Kogi, who has maintained themselves isolated so far.

1973: A grave robber, found Lost City (Spanish: Ciudad Perdida).

1976: A Colombian scientific expedition arrived to the Lost City and begging with a process of restoration and conservation of the archaeological remains and the terraces of the city and the entire park.

1979: Is declared a Biosphere reserve of humanity by UNESCO

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:k1.jpg|''Tayronas descendants, The Koguis''
Image:k2.jpg|''Kogui's Houses''
Image:k3.jpg|''Kogui's cities''

</gallery>

The Eco-tourism there, is a great way to being interest and economic infrastructure to the reserve, without causing any damage to the ecosystem. It is amazing to be able to witness such a variety of ecosystems and also the archaeological remains of a Tayrona city of pre-colombian Colombia, the white sand beaches and waters in deep blue, gives great natural and historical diversity to the landscape.''

== What are the objectives of your design? ==

''Please give a short written argumentation (not more than 150 words). It is ok if you have different or even contradicting objectives within your group. Just make it explicit at the beginning of your process ''

■ Accessibility Improvement Plan with Eco Train

One of the issues in Tayrona National Natural Park is accessibility. There are only two ways to access with boat or on foot through trail course and both takes about 1 hr. In case of boat, it is limited by tide. To improve accessibility, I want to suggest eco train in Tayrona National Natural Park. Train is the most eco friendly transportation and it is already introduced in primeval forest in Jeju Island, Korea. It minimizes the effects on forest with single lane narrow mini train but provide a great experience for tourist to observe virgin nature of volcanic forest.

To minimize interference on nature in Tayrona Park, it is strongly recommended to set buffer zone along coastal line, where the most popular spots exist and plan the lane of train inside of buffer zone. Train is operated regularly and it is possible to restrict people explore outside of buffer zone so core area of nature would be preserved efficiently. Furthermore, guide explanation in the train could help tourist understand cultural and historical background.

■ Sustained ecotourism focused around modified beach accessibility

Because there already is very limited access to large parts of the natural park, there is a lot of pressure to the areas that are open to visitors, especially the beaches. To prevent the beaches getting littered and the coral reefs getting damaged/destroyed, I'd like to propose a few design interventions to spread the visitors over a larger area of the nature park, keeping in mind not to disturb the flora and fauna too much. For that, wooden decks would be used to make very inaccessible areas such as the mangroves or steep hills more in reach of ecotourist or locals. Boulders and rocks can be used to prevent access to over-used beaches, (temporarily) allowing them to recover. Small boats leaving from a boathouse could also transport people to remote areas for a small fee, which can then be used for the preservation of the park. Hiking trails could be expanded, with the compulsive use of guides to prevent disturbing wildlife or getting into dangerous situations. The area is large enough for 3 to 4-day hiking routes, something I've seen to be very popular in South Africa, whilst being ecologically tolerable.

■ Mitigating issues of rubbish and improving camping areas

More than 27.000 tourists visit the Tayrona National Natural Park per year, producing more than 120 tonnes of rubbish. This had become a problem because there are just 30 people in charge of the rubbish collection, and they have to go trough thin and remote paths to collect it all. The most problematic areas are the beaches of Arrecifes and Cañaveral, where most tourists stay when they visit the park. Also indigenous peoples are starting to consume food from outside the park,( food cover by plastic wrappers, glass bottles, etc.),of which,they do not know how to despose properly, resulting in the rubbish being burried on site. To solve this problem they are recycling the plastic, glass, and other kind of materials in sisal sacks to then take it out of the park. My proposal to make this more effective is to divide the park in sectors, each sector will have new stone pedestrian routes wich lead to a collection point at the shoreline; then the rubbish collection will be easier. Also, the camping areas will be isolated, away from the park by using native vegetation around these areas as green barriers.There should also be crops where food can be collected, this area should be located inside the camping areas, in that manner the waste can be recycled, in a more environmentally friendly way (like the indigenous do).

== Analytical drawings ==

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:a1.jpg|Elevation of the Park, main different heights
Image:Accessibility.png|Accessibility and Improvement Plan
Image:Tayrona_analysis1.jpg|Different natural areas
Image:Analysis3.jpg|Best Path For Hiking Trail & Native Camps
Image:GA1.jpg|How to get to the Park
Image:GA2.jpg|Best time to go (weather)
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Railway in tayrona.png|Railway and Planting Plan
Image:Tayrona_futuresketch.jpg|Beach accessibility & Improvements
Image:Analysis1.jpg|Hiking Trails & Native Camps
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|projective drawing 4
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==
''Please analyse the individual approaches presented so far and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses (you may use the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis SWOT]analysis model). Try to create a synthesis and represent it with a plan and some sketches. You can still use drawings/sketches.''

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Swot railway.png|SWOT Analysis on Eco train
Image:SWOT-Hiking.jpg|SWOT Analysis on Hiking & Camping
Image:SWOT MF.jpg|SWOT Analysis on Rubbish issues and improving of camping areas
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|synthesis drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''Please reflect on your collaborative design process. Which potentials have you encountered? What was most difficult? What does collaborative design mean for you? (approx 150 words).''

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Jeju eco train 2.jpg|Jeju Island Eco Train
Image:East coastal line.jpg|Single track east coastal line in Korea
Image:Nativecamp.jpg|Jungle Camp, by Poring Hot Springs, Mt Kinabalu
Image:Roodkhan Fotress Way.jpg|Roodkhan Fotress Way,Iran
</gallery>

== References ==
''* Please make sure that you give proper references of all external resources used.''

''* Do not use images of which you do not hold the copyright.''

''* Please add internet links to other resources if necessary.''

----
[[Category:Planting Design 2013 Collaborative Design]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Collaborative Design Planting Design Working Group 6

2014-01-24T16:57:21Z

Maria.fernanda: /* Design Synthesis */

---> back to group page [[Planting_Design_2013_-_Working_Group_6|working group 6]]

'''''Tayrona National Natural Park: Natural environments, and how they return us to our roots.'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Tayrona National Natural Park''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Colombian Caribbean - Magdalena''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Colombia''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''María Fernanda González Duque, Hyeyoon Choi, Ladan Badiee, Jeroen Geudens''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:p.tayrona.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=11.296934
|lng=-74.166496
|zoom=8
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

The Tayrona National Natural Park (Spanish: Parque Nacional Natural Tayrona), is located in the Department of Magdalena, north of Colombia, in the Caribbean sea. With approximately 30 Km2 of maritime area and 150 Km2 of land area, is one of the most visited Natural parks of this country. Its extension goes from Taganga (western side) trough the coastline, until the Piedras River (eastern side).

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:t.mapa.jpg|''Park Location''
Image:t.mapa2.jpg
Image:t.mapa3.jpg
</gallery>

*'''''Biogeography''':
'''''Ecosystems''''':
Due to the different altitudes presents around the park and the pyramid shape of the mountains, we can find temperatures between 25º and 32º, these conditions makes the park have a very dry or wet weather; here we can find tropical rainforest, dry forest, spiny forest, submontane forest, cloud forest and several ecosystems, such as Mangroves, Seagrasses, Coral reefs, Rocky coastline, Lagoons, etc.

'''''Hydrography''''':
Consists of two drainage systems, the maritime one is formed by a set of small streams and creeks that flow into the sea and the continental one is formed by the streams that flow into the Rio Piedras.

'''''Flora and Fauna''''':
The park has a natural wealth flora of over 350 maritime species and 770 terrestrial along with an extensive fauna, 15 species of amphibians, 202 species of sponges, 471 species of crustaceans, 96 species of annuals, 700 species of molluscs, 110 species of corals and 401 species of sea and river fish, 108 species of mammals, 300 species of birds, 70 species of bats, 31 species of reptiles. The coastal zone has the greatest wealth of marine vegetation of the whole Colombian Caribbean, with more than 31 types of different plants.

Felidae (Feline): Panthera onca (Jaguar), Leopardus pardalis (Ocelot), Leopardus wiedii (Margay) and Puma yagouarondi (Jaguarundi)

Cervidae (Deer): Mazama americana (Red brocket) and Mazama rufina (Little red brocket)

Dasyproctidae (Ñeque): Dasyprocta punctata(Central American agouti)

Tayassuidae (Zainos): Tayassu tajacu (Collared peccary)

*'''''Cultural features''''':
'''''History''''':
The Tayrona, an ancient indigenous group of chiefdoms, dwelled this region (Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta) between the 800 a.C. and the 1600 a.C., before the arrival of the Spanish in Colombia, their economy was based on agriculture of fruital trees, corn crops and plants. They developed their civilization at 900 - 2000 meters above the sea, due to the mild climate and the variety of local products.

1498: First contact between indigenous and Spanish with Fernando González de Oviedo.

1525: Foundation of Santa Marta city.

1525-1599: Instability between Tayronas and Spanish which led to intense periods of conflict and war.

1600: Beginning of the decimation of the indigenous in hands of the Spanish.

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:t1.jpg|''Ilustration: Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta''
Image:t2.jpg|''Ilustration: The population''
Image:t3.jpg|''Ilustration: The cities''
Image:t4.jpg|''Ilustration: Period of conflict with the Spanish''
</gallery>

The survivors of this decimation were interned in the highest parts of the massif to escape from the Spanish; their descendants are the Kogi, who has maintained themselves isolated so far.

1973: A grave robber, found Lost City (Spanish: Ciudad Perdida).

1976: A Colombian scientific expedition arrived to the Lost City and begging with a process of restoration and conservation of the archaeological remains and the terraces of the city and the entire park.

1979: Is declared a Biosphere reserve of humanity by UNESCO

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:k1.jpg|''Tayronas descendants, The Koguis''
Image:k2.jpg|''Kogui's Houses''
Image:k3.jpg|''Kogui's cities''

</gallery>

The Eco-tourism there, is a great way to being interest and economic infrastructure to the reserve, without causing any damage to the ecosystem. It is amazing to be able to witness such a variety of ecosystems and also the archaeological remains of a Tayrona city of pre-colombian Colombia, the white sand beaches and waters in deep blue, gives great natural and historical diversity to the landscape.''

== What are the objectives of your design? ==

''Please give a short written argumentation (not more than 150 words). It is ok if you have different or even contradicting objectives within your group. Just make it explicit at the beginning of your process ''

■ Accessibility Improvement Plan with Eco Train

One of the issues in Tayrona National Natural Park is accessibility. There are only two ways to access with boat or on foot through trail course and both takes about 1 hr. In case of boat, it is limited by tide. To improve accessibility, I want to suggest eco train in Tayrona National Natural Park. Train is the most eco friendly transportation and it is already introduced in primeval forest in Jeju Island, Korea. It minimizes the effects on forest with single lane narrow mini train but provide a great experience for tourist to observe virgin nature of volcanic forest.

To minimize interference on nature in Tayrona Park, it is strongly recommended to set buffer zone along coastal line, where the most popular spots exist and plan the lane of train inside of buffer zone. Train is operated regularly and it is possible to restrict people explore outside of buffer zone so core area of nature would be preserved efficiently. Furthermore, guide explanation in the train could help tourist understand cultural and historical background.

■ Sustained ecotourism focused around modified beach accessibility

Because there already is very limited access to large parts of the natural park, there is a lot of pressure to the areas that are open to visitors, especially the beaches. To prevent the beaches getting littered and the coral reefs getting damaged/destroyed, I'd like to propose a few design interventions to spread the visitors over a larger area of the nature park, keeping in mind not to disturb the flora and fauna too much. For that, wooden decks would be used to make very inaccessible areas such as the mangroves or steep hills more in reach of ecotourist or locals. Boulders and rocks can be used to prevent access to over-used beaches, (temporarily) allowing them to recover. Small boats leaving from a boathouse could also transport people to remote areas for a small fee, which can then be used for the preservation of the park. Hiking trails could be expanded, with the compulsive use of guides to prevent disturbing wildlife or getting into dangerous situations. The area is large enough for 3 to 4-day hiking routes, something I've seen to be very popular in South Africa, whilst being ecologically tolerable.

■ Mitigating issues of rubbish and improving camping areas

More than 27.000 tourists visit the Tayrona National Natural Park per year, producing more than 120 tonnes of rubbish. This had become a problem because there are just 30 people in charge of the rubbish collection, and they have to go trough thin and remote paths to collect it all. The most problematic areas are the beaches of Arrecifes and Cañaveral, where most tourists stay when they visit the park. Also indigenous peoples are starting to consume food from outside the park,( food cover by plastic wrappers, glass bottles, etc.),of which,they do not know how to despose properly, resulting in the rubbish being burried on site. To solve this problem they are recycling the plastic, glass, and other kind of materials in sisal sacks to then take it out of the park. My proposal to make this more effective is to divide the park in sectors, each sector will have new stone pedestrian routes wich lead to a collection point at the shoreline; then the rubbish collection will be easier. Also, the camping areas will be isolated, away from the park by using native vegetation around these areas as green barriers.There should also be crops where food can be collected, this area should be located inside the camping areas, in that manner the waste can be recycled, in a more environmentally friendly way (like the indigenous do).

== Analytical drawings ==

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:a1.jpg|Elevation of the Park, main different heights
Image:Accessibility.png|Accessibility and Improvement Plan
Image:Tayrona_analysis1.jpg|Different natural areas
Image:Analysis3.jpg|Best Path For Hiking Trail & Native Camps
Image:GA1.jpg|How to get to the Park
Image:GA2.jpg|Best time to go (weather)
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Railway in tayrona.png|Railway and Planting Plan
Image:Tayrona_futuresketch.jpg|Beach accessibility & Improvements
Image:Analysis1.jpg|Hiking Trails & Native Camps
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|projective drawing 4
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==
''Please analyse the individual approaches presented so far and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses (you may use the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis SWOT]analysis model). Try to create a synthesis and represent it with a plan and some sketches. You can still use drawings/sketches.''

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Swot railway.png|SWOT Analysis on Eco train
Image:SWOT-Hiking.jpg|SWOT Analysis on Hiking & Camping
Image:SWOT MF.jpg|synthesis drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|synthesis drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''Please reflect on your collaborative design process. Which potentials have you encountered? What was most difficult? What does collaborative design mean for you? (approx 150 words).''

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Jeju eco train 2.jpg|Jeju Island Eco Train
Image:East coastal line.jpg|Single track east coastal line in Korea
Image:Nativecamp.jpg|Jungle Camp, by Poring Hot Springs, Mt Kinabalu
Image:Roodkhan Fotress Way.jpg|Roodkhan Fotress Way,Iran
</gallery>

== References ==
''* Please make sure that you give proper references of all external resources used.''

''* Do not use images of which you do not hold the copyright.''

''* Please add internet links to other resources if necessary.''

----
[[Category:Planting Design 2013 Collaborative Design]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

File:SWOT MF.jpg

2014-01-24T16:54:32Z

Maria.fernanda: uploaded a new version of "File:SWOT MF.jpg"

File:SWOT MF.jpg

2014-01-24T16:54:25Z

Maria.fernanda: uploaded a new version of "File:SWOT MF.jpg"

File:SWOT MF.jpg

2014-01-24T16:54:22Z

Maria.fernanda:

Collaborative Design Planting Design Working Group 6

2014-01-23T16:32:35Z

Maria.fernanda: /* Analytical drawings */

---> back to group page [[Planting_Design_2013_-_Working_Group_6|working group 6]]

'''''Tayrona National Natural Park: Natural environments, and how they return us to our roots.'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Tayrona National Natural Park''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Colombian Caribbean - Magdalena''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Colombia''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''María Fernanda González Duque, Hyeyoon Choi, Ladan Badiee, Jeroen Geudens''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:p.tayrona.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=11.296934
|lng=-74.166496
|zoom=8
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

The Tayrona National Natural Park (Spanish: Parque Nacional Natural Tayrona), is located in the Department of Magdalena, north of Colombia, in the Caribbean sea. With approximately 30 Km2 of maritime area and 150 Km2 of land area, is one of the most visited Natural parks of this country. Its extension goes from Taganga (western side) trough the coastline, until the Piedras River (eastern side).

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:t.mapa.jpg|''Park Location''
Image:t.mapa2.jpg
Image:t.mapa3.jpg
</gallery>

*'''''Biogeography''':
'''''Ecosystems''''':
Due to the different altitudes presents around the park and the pyramid shape of the mountains, we can find temperatures between 25º and 32º, these conditions makes the park have a very dry or wet weather; here we can find tropical rainforest, dry forest, spiny forest, submontane forest, cloud forest and several ecosystems, such as Mangroves, Seagrasses, Coral reefs, Rocky coastline, Lagoons, etc.

'''''Hydrography''''':
Consists of two drainage systems, the maritime one is formed by a set of small streams and creeks that flow into the sea and the continental one is formed by the streams that flow into the Rio Piedras.

'''''Flora and Fauna''''':
The park has a natural wealth flora of over 350 maritime species and 770 terrestrial along with an extensive fauna, 15 species of amphibians, 202 species of sponges, 471 species of crustaceans, 96 species of annuals, 700 species of molluscs, 110 species of corals and 401 species of sea and river fish, 108 species of mammals, 300 species of birds, 70 species of bats, 31 species of reptiles. The coastal zone has the greatest wealth of marine vegetation of the whole Colombian Caribbean, with more than 31 types of different plants.

Felidae (Feline): Panthera onca (Jaguar), Leopardus pardalis (Ocelot), Leopardus wiedii (Margay) and Puma yagouarondi (Jaguarundi)

Cervidae (Deer): Mazama americana (Red brocket) and Mazama rufina (Little red brocket)

Dasyproctidae (Ñeque): Dasyprocta punctata(Central American agouti)

Tayassuidae (Zainos): Tayassu tajacu (Collared peccary)

*'''''Cultural features''''':
'''''History''''':
The Tayrona, an ancient indigenous group of chiefdoms, dwelled this region (Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta) between the 800 a.C. and the 1600 a.C., before the arrival of the Spanish in Colombia, their economy was based on agriculture of fruital trees, corn crops and plants. They developed their civilization at 900 - 2000 meters above the sea, due to the mild climate and the variety of local products.

1498: First contact between indigenous and Spanish with Fernando González de Oviedo.

1525: Foundation of Santa Marta city.

1525-1599: Instability between Tayronas and Spanish which led to intense periods of conflict and war.

1600: Beginning of the decimation of the indigenous in hands of the Spanish.

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:t1.jpg|''Ilustration: Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta''
Image:t2.jpg|''Ilustration: The population''
Image:t3.jpg|''Ilustration: The cities''
Image:t4.jpg|''Ilustration: Period of conflict with the Spanish''
</gallery>

The survivors of this decimation were interned in the highest parts of the massif to escape from the Spanish; their descendants are the Kogi, who has maintained themselves isolated so far.

1973: A grave robber, found Lost City (Spanish: Ciudad Perdida).

1976: A Colombian scientific expedition arrived to the Lost City and begging with a process of restoration and conservation of the archaeological remains and the terraces of the city and the entire park.

1979: Is declared a Biosphere reserve of humanity by UNESCO

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:k1.jpg|''Tayronas descendants, The Koguis''
Image:k2.jpg|''Kogui's Houses''
Image:k3.jpg|''Kogui's cities''

</gallery>

The Eco-tourism there, is a great way to being interest and economic infrastructure to the reserve, without causing any damage to the ecosystem. It is amazing to be able to witness such a variety of ecosystems and also the archaeological remains of a Tayrona city of pre-colombian Colombia, the white sand beaches and waters in deep blue, gives great natural and historical diversity to the landscape.''

== What are the objectives of your design? ==

''Please give a short written argumentation (not more than 150 words). It is ok if you have different or even contradicting objectives within your group. Just make it explicit at the beginning of your process ''

■ Accessibility Improvement Plan with Eco Train

One of the issues in Tayrona National Natural Park is accessibility. There are only two ways to access with boat or on foot through trail course and both takes about 1 hr. In case of boat, it is limited by tide. To improve accessibility, I want to suggest eco train in Tayrona National Natural Park. Train is the most eco friendly transportation and it is already introduced in primeval forest in Jeju Island, Korea. It minimizes the effects on forest with single lane narrow mini train but provide a great experience for tourist to observe virgin nature of volcanic forest.

To minimize interference on nature in Tayrona Park, it is strongly recommended to set buffer zone along coastal line, where the most popular spots exist and plan the lane of train inside of buffer zone. Train is operated regularly and it is possible to restrict people explore outside of buffer zone so core area of nature would be preserved efficiently. Furthermore, guide explanation in the train could help tourist understand cultural and historical background.

■ Sustained ecotourism focused around modified beach accessibility

Because there already is very limited access to large parts of the natural park, there is a lot of pressure to the areas that are open to visitors, especially the beaches. To prevent the beaches getting littered and the coral reefs getting damaged/destroyed, I'd like to propose a few design interventions to spread the visitors over a larger area of the nature park, keeping in mind not to disturb the flora and fauna too much. For that, wooden decks would be used to make very inaccessible areas such as the mangroves or steep hills more in reach of ecotourist or locals. Boulders and rocks can be used to prevent access to over-used beaches, (temporarily) allowing them to recover. Small boats leaving from a boathouse could also transport people to remote areas for a small fee, which can then be used for the preservation of the park. Hiking trails could be expanded, with the compulsive use of guides to prevent disturbing wildlife or getting into dangerous situations. The area is large enough for 3 to 4-day hiking routes, something I've seen to be very popular in South Africa, whilst being ecologically tolerable.

■ Mitigating issues of rubbish and improving camping areas

More than 27.000 tourists visit the Tayrona National Natural Park per year, producing more than 120 tonnes of rubbish. This had become a problem because there are just 30 people in charge of the rubbish collection, and they have to go trough thin and remote paths to collect it all. The most problematic areas are the beaches of Arrecifes and Cañaveral, where most tourists stay when they visit the park. Also indigenous peoples are starting to consume food from outside the park,( food cover by plastic wrappers, glass bottles, etc.),of which,they do not know how to despose properly, resulting in the rubbish being burried on site. To solve this problem they are recycling the plastic, glass, and other kind of materials in sisal sacks to then take it out of the park. My proposal to make this more effective is to divide the park in sectors, each sector will have new stone pedestrian routes wich lead to a collection point at the shoreline; then the rubbish collection will be easier. Also, the camping areas will be isolated, away from the park by using native vegetation around these areas as green barriers.There should also be crops where food can be collected, this area should be located inside the camping areas, in that manner the waste can be recycled, in a more environmentally friendly way (like the indigenous do).

== Analytical drawings ==

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:a1.jpg|Elevation of the Park, main different heights
Image:Accessibility.png|Accessibility and Improvement Plan
Image:Tayrona_analysis1.jpg|Different natural areas
Image:Analysis3.jpg|Best Path For Hiking Trail & Native Camps
Image:GA1.jpg|How to get to the Park
Image:GA2.jpg|Best time to go (weather)
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Railway in tayrona.png|Railway and Planting Plan
Image:Tayrona_futuresketch.jpg|Beach accessibility & Improvements
Image:Analysis1.jpg|Hiking Trails & Native Camps
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|projective drawing 4
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==
''Please analyse the individual approaches presented so far and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses (you may use the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis SWOT]analysis model). Try to create a synthesis and represent it with a plan and some sketches. You can still use drawings/sketches.''

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Swot railway.png|SWOT Analysis on Eco train
Image:SWOT-Hiking.jpg|SWOT Analysis on Hiking & Camping
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|synthesis drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|synthesis drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''Please reflect on your collaborative design process. Which potentials have you encountered? What was most difficult? What does collaborative design mean for you? (approx 150 words).''

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Jeju eco train 2.jpg|Jeju Island Eco Train
Image:East coastal line.jpg|Single track east coastal line in Korea
Image:Nativecamp.jpg|Jungle Camp, by Poring Hot Springs, Mt Kinabalu
Image:Roodkhan Fotress Way.jpg|Roodkhan Fotress Way,Iran
</gallery>

== References ==
''* Please make sure that you give proper references of all external resources used.''

''* Do not use images of which you do not hold the copyright.''

''* Please add internet links to other resources if necessary.''

----
[[Category:Planting Design 2013 Collaborative Design]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Collaborative Design Planting Design Working Group 6

2014-01-23T16:30:32Z

Maria.fernanda: /* Analytical drawings */

---> back to group page [[Planting_Design_2013_-_Working_Group_6|working group 6]]

'''''Tayrona National Natural Park: Natural environments, and how they return us to our roots.'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Tayrona National Natural Park''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Colombian Caribbean - Magdalena''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Colombia''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''María Fernanda González Duque, Hyeyoon Choi, Ladan Badiee, Jeroen Geudens''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:p.tayrona.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=11.296934
|lng=-74.166496
|zoom=8
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

The Tayrona National Natural Park (Spanish: Parque Nacional Natural Tayrona), is located in the Department of Magdalena, north of Colombia, in the Caribbean sea. With approximately 30 Km2 of maritime area and 150 Km2 of land area, is one of the most visited Natural parks of this country. Its extension goes from Taganga (western side) trough the coastline, until the Piedras River (eastern side).

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:t.mapa.jpg|''Park Location''
Image:t.mapa2.jpg
Image:t.mapa3.jpg
</gallery>

*'''''Biogeography''':
'''''Ecosystems''''':
Due to the different altitudes presents around the park and the pyramid shape of the mountains, we can find temperatures between 25º and 32º, these conditions makes the park have a very dry or wet weather; here we can find tropical rainforest, dry forest, spiny forest, submontane forest, cloud forest and several ecosystems, such as Mangroves, Seagrasses, Coral reefs, Rocky coastline, Lagoons, etc.

'''''Hydrography''''':
Consists of two drainage systems, the maritime one is formed by a set of small streams and creeks that flow into the sea and the continental one is formed by the streams that flow into the Rio Piedras.

'''''Flora and Fauna''''':
The park has a natural wealth flora of over 350 maritime species and 770 terrestrial along with an extensive fauna, 15 species of amphibians, 202 species of sponges, 471 species of crustaceans, 96 species of annuals, 700 species of molluscs, 110 species of corals and 401 species of sea and river fish, 108 species of mammals, 300 species of birds, 70 species of bats, 31 species of reptiles. The coastal zone has the greatest wealth of marine vegetation of the whole Colombian Caribbean, with more than 31 types of different plants.

Felidae (Feline): Panthera onca (Jaguar), Leopardus pardalis (Ocelot), Leopardus wiedii (Margay) and Puma yagouarondi (Jaguarundi)

Cervidae (Deer): Mazama americana (Red brocket) and Mazama rufina (Little red brocket)

Dasyproctidae (Ñeque): Dasyprocta punctata(Central American agouti)

Tayassuidae (Zainos): Tayassu tajacu (Collared peccary)

*'''''Cultural features''''':
'''''History''''':
The Tayrona, an ancient indigenous group of chiefdoms, dwelled this region (Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta) between the 800 a.C. and the 1600 a.C., before the arrival of the Spanish in Colombia, their economy was based on agriculture of fruital trees, corn crops and plants. They developed their civilization at 900 - 2000 meters above the sea, due to the mild climate and the variety of local products.

1498: First contact between indigenous and Spanish with Fernando González de Oviedo.

1525: Foundation of Santa Marta city.

1525-1599: Instability between Tayronas and Spanish which led to intense periods of conflict and war.

1600: Beginning of the decimation of the indigenous in hands of the Spanish.

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:t1.jpg|''Ilustration: Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta''
Image:t2.jpg|''Ilustration: The population''
Image:t3.jpg|''Ilustration: The cities''
Image:t4.jpg|''Ilustration: Period of conflict with the Spanish''
</gallery>

The survivors of this decimation were interned in the highest parts of the massif to escape from the Spanish; their descendants are the Kogi, who has maintained themselves isolated so far.

1973: A grave robber, found Lost City (Spanish: Ciudad Perdida).

1976: A Colombian scientific expedition arrived to the Lost City and begging with a process of restoration and conservation of the archaeological remains and the terraces of the city and the entire park.

1979: Is declared a Biosphere reserve of humanity by UNESCO

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:k1.jpg|''Tayronas descendants, The Koguis''
Image:k2.jpg|''Kogui's Houses''
Image:k3.jpg|''Kogui's cities''

</gallery>

The Eco-tourism there, is a great way to being interest and economic infrastructure to the reserve, without causing any damage to the ecosystem. It is amazing to be able to witness such a variety of ecosystems and also the archaeological remains of a Tayrona city of pre-colombian Colombia, the white sand beaches and waters in deep blue, gives great natural and historical diversity to the landscape.''

== What are the objectives of your design? ==

''Please give a short written argumentation (not more than 150 words). It is ok if you have different or even contradicting objectives within your group. Just make it explicit at the beginning of your process ''

■ Accessibility Improvement Plan with Eco Train

One of the issues in Tayrona National Natural Park is accessibility. There are only two ways to access with boat or on foot through trail course and both takes about 1 hr. In case of boat, it is limited by tide. To improve accessibility, I want to suggest eco train in Tayrona National Natural Park. Train is the most eco friendly transportation and it is already introduced in primeval forest in Jeju Island, Korea. It minimizes the effects on forest with single lane narrow mini train but provide a great experience for tourist to observe virgin nature of volcanic forest.

To minimize interference on nature in Tayrona Park, it is strongly recommended to set buffer zone along coastal line, where the most popular spots exist and plan the lane of train inside of buffer zone. Train is operated regularly and it is possible to restrict people explore outside of buffer zone so core area of nature would be preserved efficiently. Furthermore, guide explanation in the train could help tourist understand cultural and historical background.

■ Sustained ecotourism focused around modified beach accessibility

Because there already is very limited access to large parts of the natural park, there is a lot of pressure to the areas that are open to visitors, especially the beaches. To prevent the beaches getting littered and the coral reefs getting damaged/destroyed, I'd like to propose a few design interventions to spread the visitors over a larger area of the nature park, keeping in mind not to disturb the flora and fauna too much. For that, wooden decks would be used to make very inaccessible areas such as the mangroves or steep hills more in reach of ecotourist or locals. Boulders and rocks can be used to prevent access to over-used beaches, (temporarily) allowing them to recover. Small boats leaving from a boathouse could also transport people to remote areas for a small fee, which can then be used for the preservation of the park. Hiking trails could be expanded, with the compulsive use of guides to prevent disturbing wildlife or getting into dangerous situations. The area is large enough for 3 to 4-day hiking routes, something I've seen to be very popular in South Africa, whilst being ecologically tolerable.

■ Mitigating issues of rubbish and improving camping areas

More than 27.000 tourists visit the Tayrona National Natural Park per year, producing more than 120 tonnes of rubbish. This had become a problem because there are just 30 people in charge of the rubbish collection, and they have to go trough thin and remote paths to collect it all. The most problematic areas are the beaches of Arrecifes and Cañaveral, where most tourists stay when they visit the park. Also indigenous peoples are starting to consume food from outside the park,( food cover by plastic wrappers, glass bottles, etc.),of which,they do not know how to despose properly, resulting in the rubbish being burried on site. To solve this problem they are recycling the plastic, glass, and other kind of materials in sisal sacks to then take it out of the park. My proposal to make this more effective is to divide the park in sectors, each sector will have new stone pedestrian routes wich lead to a collection point at the shoreline; then the rubbish collection will be easier. Also, the camping areas will be isolated, away from the park by using native vegetation around these areas as green barriers.There should also be crops where food can be collected, this area should be located inside the camping areas, in that manner the waste can be recycled, in a more environmentally friendly way (like the indigenous do).

== Analytical drawings ==

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:a1.jpg|Elevation of the Park, main different heights
Image:GA1.jpg|How to get to the Park
Image:GA2.jpg|Best time to go (weather)
Image:Accessibility.png|Accessibility and Improvement Plan
Image:Tayrona_analysis1.jpg|Different natural areas
Image:Analysis3.jpg|Best Path For Hiking Trail & Native Camps
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Railway in tayrona.png|Railway and Planting Plan
Image:Tayrona_futuresketch.jpg|Beach accessibility & Improvements
Image:Analysis1.jpg|Hiking Trails & Native Camps
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|projective drawing 4
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==
''Please analyse the individual approaches presented so far and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses (you may use the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis SWOT]analysis model). Try to create a synthesis and represent it with a plan and some sketches. You can still use drawings/sketches.''

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Swot railway.png|SWOT Analysis on Eco train
Image:SWOT-Hiking.jpg|SWOT Analysis on Hiking & Camping
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|synthesis drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|synthesis drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''Please reflect on your collaborative design process. Which potentials have you encountered? What was most difficult? What does collaborative design mean for you? (approx 150 words).''

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Jeju eco train 2.jpg|Jeju Island Eco Train
Image:East coastal line.jpg|Single track east coastal line in Korea
Image:Nativecamp.jpg|Jungle Camp, by Poring Hot Springs, Mt Kinabalu
Image:Roodkhan Fotress Way.jpg|Roodkhan Fotress Way,Iran
</gallery>

== References ==
''* Please make sure that you give proper references of all external resources used.''

''* Do not use images of which you do not hold the copyright.''

''* Please add internet links to other resources if necessary.''

----
[[Category:Planting Design 2013 Collaborative Design]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

File:GA2.jpg

2014-01-23T16:29:03Z

Maria.fernanda:

File:GA1.jpg

2014-01-23T16:28:35Z

Maria.fernanda: uploaded a new version of "File:GA1.jpg"

File:GA1.jpg

2014-01-23T16:28:27Z

Maria.fernanda:

Collaborative Design Planting Design Working Group 6

2014-01-23T14:44:57Z

Maria.fernanda: /* Landscape and/or urban context of your case */

---> back to group page [[Planting_Design_2013_-_Working_Group_6|working group 6]]

'''''Tayrona National Natural Park: Natural environments, and how they return us to our roots.'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Tayrona National Natural Park''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Colombian Caribbean - Magdalena''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Colombia''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''María Fernanda González Duque, Hyeyoon Choi, Ladan Badiee, Jeroen Geudens''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:p.tayrona.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=11.296934
|lng=-74.166496
|zoom=8
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

The Tayrona National Natural Park (Spanish: Parque Nacional Natural Tayrona), is located in the Department of Magdalena, north of Colombia, in the Caribbean sea. With approximately 30 Km2 of maritime area and 150 Km2 of land area, is one of the most visited Natural parks of this country. Its extension goes from Taganga (western side) trough the coastline, until the Piedras River (eastern side).

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:t.mapa.jpg|''Park Location''
Image:t.mapa2.jpg
Image:t.mapa3.jpg
</gallery>

*'''''Biogeography''':
'''''Ecosystems''''':
Due to the different altitudes presents around the park and the pyramid shape of the mountains, we can find temperatures between 25º and 32º, these conditions makes the park have a very dry or wet weather; here we can find tropical rainforest, dry forest, spiny forest, submontane forest, cloud forest and several ecosystems, such as Mangroves, Seagrasses, Coral reefs, Rocky coastline, Lagoons, etc.

'''''Hydrography''''':
Consists of two drainage systems, the maritime one is formed by a set of small streams and creeks that flow into the sea and the continental one is formed by the streams that flow into the Rio Piedras.

'''''Flora and Fauna''''':
The park has a natural wealth flora of over 350 maritime species and 770 terrestrial along with an extensive fauna, 15 species of amphibians, 202 species of sponges, 471 species of crustaceans, 96 species of annuals, 700 species of molluscs, 110 species of corals and 401 species of sea and river fish, 108 species of mammals, 300 species of birds, 70 species of bats, 31 species of reptiles. The coastal zone has the greatest wealth of marine vegetation of the whole Colombian Caribbean, with more than 31 types of different plants.

Felidae (Feline): Panthera onca (Jaguar), Leopardus pardalis (Ocelot), Leopardus wiedii (Margay) and Puma yagouarondi (Jaguarundi)

Cervidae (Deer): Mazama americana (Red brocket) and Mazama rufina (Little red brocket)

Dasyproctidae (Ñeque): Dasyprocta punctata(Central American agouti)

Tayassuidae (Zainos): Tayassu tajacu (Collared peccary)

*'''''Cultural features''''':
'''''History''''':
The Tayrona, an ancient indigenous group of chiefdoms, dwelled this region (Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta) between the 800 a.C. and the 1600 a.C., before the arrival of the Spanish in Colombia, their economy was based on agriculture of fruital trees, corn crops and plants. They developed their civilization at 900 - 2000 meters above the sea, due to the mild climate and the variety of local products.

1498: First contact between indigenous and Spanish with Fernando González de Oviedo.

1525: Foundation of Santa Marta city.

1525-1599: Instability between Tayronas and Spanish which led to intense periods of conflict and war.

1600: Beginning of the decimation of the indigenous in hands of the Spanish.

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:t1.jpg|''Ilustration: Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta''
Image:t2.jpg|''Ilustration: The population''
Image:t3.jpg|''Ilustration: The cities''
Image:t4.jpg|''Ilustration: Period of conflict with the Spanish''
</gallery>

The survivors of this decimation were interned in the highest parts of the massif to escape from the Spanish; their descendants are the Kogi, who has maintained themselves isolated so far.

1973: A grave robber, found Lost City (Spanish: Ciudad Perdida).

1976: A Colombian scientific expedition arrived to the Lost City and begging with a process of restoration and conservation of the archaeological remains and the terraces of the city and the entire park.

1979: Is declared a Biosphere reserve of humanity by UNESCO

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:k1.jpg|''Tayronas descendants, The Koguis''
Image:k2.jpg|''Kogui's Houses''
Image:k3.jpg|''Kogui's cities''

</gallery>

The Eco-tourism there, is a great way to being interest and economic infrastructure to the reserve, without causing any damage to the ecosystem. It is amazing to be able to witness such a variety of ecosystems and also the archaeological remains of a Tayrona city of pre-colombian Colombia, the white sand beaches and waters in deep blue, gives great natural and historical diversity to the landscape.''

== What are the objectives of your design? ==

''Please give a short written argumentation (not more than 150 words). It is ok if you have different or even contradicting objectives within your group. Just make it explicit at the beginning of your process ''

■ Accessibility Improvement Plan with Eco Train

One of the issues in Tayrona National Natural Park is accessibility. There are only two ways to access with boat or on foot through trail course and both takes about 1 hr. In case of boat, it is limited by tide. To improve accessibility, I want to suggest eco train in Tayrona National Natural Park. Train is the most eco friendly transportation and it is already introduced in primeval forest in Jeju Island, Korea. It minimizes the effects on forest with single lane narrow mini train but provide a great experience for tourist to observe virgin nature of volcanic forest.

To minimize interference on nature in Tayrona Park, it is strongly recommended to set buffer zone along coastal line, where the most popular spots exist and plan the lane of train inside of buffer zone. Train is operated regularly and it is possible to restrict people explore outside of buffer zone so core area of nature would be preserved efficiently. Furthermore, guide explanation in the train could help tourist understand cultural and historical background.

■ Sustained ecotourism focused around modified beach accessibility

Because there already is very limited access to large parts of the natural park, there is a lot of pressure to the areas that are open to visitors, especially the beaches. To prevent the beaches getting littered and the coral reefs getting damaged/destroyed, I'd like to propose a few design interventions to spread the visitors over a larger area of the nature park, keeping in mind not to disturb the flora and fauna too much. For that, wooden decks would be used to make very inaccessible areas such as the mangroves or steep hills more in reach of ecotourist or locals. Boulders and rocks can be used to prevent access to over-used beaches, (temporarily) allowing them to recover. Small boats leaving from a boathouse could also transport people to remote areas for a small fee, which can then be used for the preservation of the park. Hiking trails could be expanded, with the compulsive use of guides to prevent disturbing wildlife or getting into dangerous situations. The area is large enough for 3 to 4-day hiking routes, something I've seen to be very popular in South Africa, whilst being ecologically tolerable.

■ Mitigating issues of rubbish and improving camping areas

More than 27.000 tourists visit the Tayrona National Natural Park per year, producing more than 120 tonnes of rubbish. This had become a problem because there are just 30 people in charge of the rubbish collection, and they have to go trough thin and remote paths to collect it all. The most problematic areas are the beaches of Arrecifes and Cañaveral, where most tourists stay when they visit the park. Also indigenous peoples are starting to consume food from outside the park,( food cover by plastic wrappers, glass bottles, etc.),of which,they do not know how to despose properly, resulting in the rubbish being burried on site. To solve this problem they are recycling the plastic, glass, and other kind of materials in sisal sacks to then take it out of the park. My proposal to make this more effective is to divide the park in sectors, each sector will have new stone pedestrian routes wich lead to a collection point at the shoreline; then the rubbish collection will be easier. Also, the camping areas will be isolated, away from the park by using native vegetation around these areas as green barriers.There should also be crops where food can be collected, this area should be located inside the camping areas, in that manner the waste can be recycled, in a more environmentally friendly way (like the indigenous do).

== Analytical drawings ==

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:a1.jpg|Elevation of the Park, main different heights
Image:Accessibility.png|Accessibility and Improvement Plan
Image:Tayrona_analysis1.jpg|Different natural areas
Image:Analysis3.jpg|Best Path For Hiking Trail & Native Camps
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Railway in tayrona.png|Railway and Planting Plan
Image:Tayrona_futuresketch.jpg|Beach accessibility & Improvements
Image:Analysis1.jpg|Hiking Trails & Native Camps
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|projective drawing 4
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==
''Please analyse the individual approaches presented so far and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses (you may use the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis SWOT]analysis model). Try to create a synthesis and represent it with a plan and some sketches. You can still use drawings/sketches.''

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Swot railway.png|SWOT Analysis on Eco train
Image:SWOT-Hiking.jpg|SWOT Analysis on Hiking & Camping
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|synthesis drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|synthesis drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''Please reflect on your collaborative design process. Which potentials have you encountered? What was most difficult? What does collaborative design mean for you? (approx 150 words).''

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Jeju eco train 2.jpg|Jeju Island Eco Train
Image:East coastal line.jpg|Single track east coastal line in Korea
Image:Nativecamp.jpg|Jungle Camp, by Poring Hot Springs, Mt Kinabalu
Image:Roodkhan Fotress Way.jpg|Roodkhan Fotress Way,Iran
</gallery>

== References ==
''* Please make sure that you give proper references of all external resources used.''

''* Do not use images of which you do not hold the copyright.''

''* Please add internet links to other resources if necessary.''

----
[[Category:Planting Design 2013 Collaborative Design]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Collaborative Design Planting Design Working Group 6

2014-01-23T14:36:30Z

Maria.fernanda: /* Landscape and/or urban context of your case */

---> back to group page [[Planting_Design_2013_-_Working_Group_6|working group 6]]

'''''Tayrona National Natural Park: Natural environments, and how they return us to our roots.'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Tayrona National Natural Park''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Colombian Caribbean - Magdalena''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Colombia''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''María Fernanda González Duque, Hyeyoon Choi, Ladan Badiee, Jeroen Geudens''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:p.tayrona.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=11.296934
|lng=-74.166496
|zoom=8
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

The Tayrona National Natural Park (Spanish: Parque Nacional Natural Tayrona), is located in the Department of Magdalena, north of Colombia, in the Caribbean sea. With approximately 30 Km2 of maritime area and 150 Km2 of land area, is one of the most visited Natural parks of this country. Its extension goes from Taganga (western side) trough the coastline, until the Piedras River (eastern side).

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:t.mapa.jpg|''Park Location''
Image:t.mapa2.jpg
Image:t.mapa3.jpg
</gallery>

*'''''Biogeography''':
'''''Ecosystems''''':
Due to the different altitudes presents around the park and the pyramid shape of the mountains, we can find temperatures between 25º and 32º, these conditions makes the park have a very dry or wet weather; here we can find tropical rainforest, dry forest, spiny forest, submontane forest, cloud forest and several ecosystems, such as Mangroves, Seagrasses, Coral reefs, Rocky coastline, Lagoons, etc.

'''''Hydrography''''':
Consists of two drainage systems, the maritime one is formed by a set of small streams and creeks that flow into the sea and the continental one is formed by the streams that flow into the Rio Piedras.

'''''Flora and Fauna''''':
The park has a natural wealth flora of over 350 maritime species and 770 terrestrial along with an extensive fauna, 15 species of amphibians, 202 species of sponges, 471 species of crustaceans, 96 species of annuals, 700 species of molluscs, 110 species of corals and 401 species of sea and river fish, 108 species of mammals, 300 species of birds, 70 species of bats, 31 species of reptiles. The coastal zone has the greatest wealth of marine vegetation of the whole Colombian Caribbean, with more than 31 types of different plants.

Felines: Panthera onca (Jaguar), Leopardus pardalis (Ocelot), Leopardus wiedii (Margay) and Puma yagouarondi (Jaguarundi)
Deer: Mazama americana (Red brocket) and Mazama rufina (Little red brocket)

*'''''Cultural features''''':
'''''History''''':
The Tayrona, an ancient indigenous group of chiefdoms, dwelled this region (Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta) between the 800 a.C. and the 1600 a.C., before the arrival of the Spanish in Colombia, their economy was based on agriculture of fruital trees, corn crops and plants. They developed their civilization at 900 - 2000 meters above the sea, due to the mild climate and the variety of local products.

1498: First contact between indigenous and Spanish with Fernando González de Oviedo.

1525: Foundation of Santa Marta city.

1525-1599: Instability between Tayronas and Spanish which led to intense periods of conflict and war.

1600: Beginning of the decimation of the indigenous in hands of the Spanish.

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:t1.jpg|''Ilustration: Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta''
Image:t2.jpg|''Ilustration: The population''
Image:t3.jpg|''Ilustration: The cities''
Image:t4.jpg|''Ilustration: Period of conflict with the Spanish''
</gallery>

The survivors of this decimation were interned in the highest parts of the massif to escape from the Spanish; their descendants are the Kogi, who has maintained themselves isolated so far.

1973: A grave robber, found Lost City (Spanish: Ciudad Perdida).

1976: A Colombian scientific expedition arrived to the Lost City and begging with a process of restoration and conservation of the archaeological remains and the terraces of the city and the entire park.

1979: Is declared a Biosphere reserve of humanity by UNESCO

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:k1.jpg|''Tayronas descendants, The Koguis''
Image:k2.jpg|''Kogui's Houses''
Image:k3.jpg|''Kogui's cities''

</gallery>

The Eco-tourism there, is a great way to being interest and economic infrastructure to the reserve, without causing any damage to the ecosystem. It is amazing to be able to witness such a variety of ecosystems and also the archaeological remains of a Tayrona city of pre-colombian Colombia, the white sand beaches and waters in deep blue, gives great natural and historical diversity to the landscape.''

== What are the objectives of your design? ==

''Please give a short written argumentation (not more than 150 words). It is ok if you have different or even contradicting objectives within your group. Just make it explicit at the beginning of your process ''

■ Accessibility Improvement Plan with Eco Train

One of the issues in Tayrona National Natural Park is accessibility. There are only two ways to access with boat or on foot through trail course and both takes about 1 hr. In case of boat, it is limited by tide. To improve accessibility, I want to suggest eco train in Tayrona National Natural Park. Train is the most eco friendly transportation and it is already introduced in primeval forest in Jeju Island, Korea. It minimizes the effects on forest with single lane narrow mini train but provide a great experience for tourist to observe virgin nature of volcanic forest.

To minimize interference on nature in Tayrona Park, it is strongly recommended to set buffer zone along coastal line, where the most popular spots exist and plan the lane of train inside of buffer zone. Train is operated regularly and it is possible to restrict people explore outside of buffer zone so core area of nature would be preserved efficiently. Furthermore, guide explanation in the train could help tourist understand cultural and historical background.

■ Sustained ecotourism focused around modified beach accessibility

Because there already is very limited access to large parts of the natural park, there is a lot of pressure to the areas that are open to visitors, especially the beaches. To prevent the beaches getting littered and the coral reefs getting damaged/destroyed, I'd like to propose a few design interventions to spread the visitors over a larger area of the nature park, keeping in mind not to disturb the flora and fauna too much. For that, wooden decks would be used to make very inaccessible areas such as the mangroves or steep hills more in reach of ecotourist or locals. Boulders and rocks can be used to prevent access to over-used beaches, (temporarily) allowing them to recover. Small boats leaving from a boathouse could also transport people to remote areas for a small fee, which can then be used for the preservation of the park. Hiking trails could be expanded, with the compulsive use of guides to prevent disturbing wildlife or getting into dangerous situations. The area is large enough for 3 to 4-day hiking routes, something I've seen to be very popular in South Africa, whilst being ecologically tolerable.

■ Mitigating issues of rubbish and improving camping areas

More than 27.000 tourists visit the Tayrona National Natural Park per year, producing more than 120 tonnes of rubbish. This had become a problem because there are just 30 people in charge of the rubbish collection, and they have to go trough thin and remote paths to collect it all. The most problematic areas are the beaches of Arrecifes and Cañaveral, where most tourists stay when they visit the park. Also indigenous peoples are starting to consume food from outside the park,( food cover by plastic wrappers, glass bottles, etc.),of which,they do not know how to despose properly, resulting in the rubbish being burried on site. To solve this problem they are recycling the plastic, glass, and other kind of materials in sisal sacks to then take it out of the park. My proposal to make this more effective is to divide the park in sectors, each sector will have new stone pedestrian routes wich lead to a collection point at the shoreline; then the rubbish collection will be easier. Also, the camping areas will be isolated, away from the park by using native vegetation around these areas as green barriers.There should also be crops where food can be collected, this area should be located inside the camping areas, in that manner the waste can be recycled, in a more environmentally friendly way (like the indigenous do).

== Analytical drawings ==

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:a1.jpg|Elevation of the Park, main different heights
Image:Accessibility.png|Accessibility and Improvement Plan
Image:Tayrona_analysis1.jpg|Different natural areas
Image:Analysis3.jpg|Best Path For Hiking Trail & Native Camps
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Railway in tayrona.png|Railway and Planting Plan
Image:Tayrona_futuresketch.jpg|Beach accessibility & Improvements
Image:Analysis1.jpg|Hiking Trails & Native Camps
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|projective drawing 4
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==
''Please analyse the individual approaches presented so far and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses (you may use the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis SWOT]analysis model). Try to create a synthesis and represent it with a plan and some sketches. You can still use drawings/sketches.''

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Swot railway.png|SWOT Analysis on Eco train
Image:SWOT-Hiking.jpg|SWOT Analysis on Hiking & Camping
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|synthesis drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|synthesis drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''Please reflect on your collaborative design process. Which potentials have you encountered? What was most difficult? What does collaborative design mean for you? (approx 150 words).''

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Jeju eco train 2.jpg|Jeju Island Eco Train
Image:East coastal line.jpg|Single track east coastal line in Korea
Image:Nativecamp.jpg|Jungle Camp, by Poring Hot Springs, Mt Kinabalu
Image:Roodkhan Fotress Way.jpg|Roodkhan Fotress Way,Iran
</gallery>

== References ==
''* Please make sure that you give proper references of all external resources used.''

''* Do not use images of which you do not hold the copyright.''

''* Please add internet links to other resources if necessary.''

----
[[Category:Planting Design 2013 Collaborative Design]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Collaborative Design Planting Design Working Group 6

2014-01-23T14:25:50Z

Maria.fernanda:

---> back to group page [[Planting_Design_2013_-_Working_Group_6|working group 6]]

'''''Tayrona National Natural Park: Natural environments, and how they return us to our roots.'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Tayrona National Natural Park''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Colombian Caribbean - Magdalena''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Colombia''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''María Fernanda González Duque, Hyeyoon Choi, Ladan Badiee, Jeroen Geudens''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:p.tayrona.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=11.296934
|lng=-74.166496
|zoom=8
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

The Tayrona National Natural Park (Spanish: Parque Nacional Natural Tayrona), is located in the Department of Magdalena, north of Colombia, in the Caribbean sea. With approximately 30 Km2 of maritime area and 150 Km2 of land area, is one of the most visited Natural parks of this country. Its extension goes from Taganga (western side) trough the coastline, until the Piedras River (eastern side).

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:t.mapa.jpg|''Park Location''
Image:t.mapa2.jpg
Image:t.mapa3.jpg
</gallery>

*'''''Biogeography''':
'''''Ecosystems''''':
Due to the different altitudes presents around the park and the pyramid shape of the mountains, we can find temperatures between 25º and 32º, these conditions makes the park have a very dry or wet weather; here we can find tropical rainforest, dry forest, spiny forest, submontane forest, cloud forest and several ecosystems, such as Mangroves, Seagrasses, Coral reefs, Rocky coastline, Lagoons, etc.

'''''Hydrography''''':
Consists of two drainage systems, the maritime one is formed by a set of small streams and creeks that flow into the sea and the continental one is formed by the streams that flow into the Rio Piedras.

'''''Flora and Fauna''''':
The park has a natural wealth flora of over 350 maritime species and 770 terrestrial along with an extensive fauna, 15 species of amphibians, 202 species of sponges, 471 species of crustaceans, 96 species of annuals, 700 species of molluscs, 110 species of corals and 401 species of sea and river fish, 108 species of mammals, 300 species of birds, 70 species of bats, 31 species of reptiles. The coastal zone has the greatest wealth of marine vegetation of the whole Colombian Caribbean, with more than 31 types of different plants

*'''''Cultural features''''':
'''''History''''':
The Tayrona, an ancient indigenous group of chiefdoms, dwelled this region (Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta) between the 800 a.C. and the 1600 a.C., before the arrival of the Spanish in Colombia, their economy was based on agriculture of fruital trees, corn crops and plants. They developed their civilization at 900 - 2000 meters above the sea, due to the mild climate and the variety of local products.

1498: First contact between indigenous and Spanish with Fernando González de Oviedo.

1525: Foundation of Santa Marta city.

1525-1599: Instability between Tayronas and Spanish which led to intense periods of conflict and war.

1600: Beginning of the decimation of the indigenous in hands of the Spanish.

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:t1.jpg|''Ilustration: Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta''
Image:t2.jpg|''Ilustration: The population''
Image:t3.jpg|''Ilustration: The cities''
Image:t4.jpg|''Ilustration: Period of conflict with the Spanish''
</gallery>

The survivors of this decimation were interned in the highest parts of the massif to escape from the Spanish; their descendants are the Kogi, who has maintained themselves isolated so far.

1973: A grave robber, found Lost City (Spanish: Ciudad Perdida).

1976: A Colombian scientific expedition arrived to the Lost City and begging with a process of restoration and conservation of the archaeological remains and the terraces of the city and the entire park.

1979: Is declared a Biosphere reserve of humanity by UNESCO

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:k1.jpg|''Tayronas descendants, The Koguis''
Image:k2.jpg|''Kogui's Houses''
Image:k3.jpg|''Kogui's cities''

</gallery>

The Eco-tourism there, is a great way to being interest and economic infrastructure to the reserve, without causing any damage to the ecosystem. It is amazing to be able to witness such a variety of ecosystems and also the archaeological remains of a Tayrona city of pre-colombian Colombia, the white sand beaches and waters in deep blue, gives great natural and historical diversity to the landscape.''

== What are the objectives of your design? ==

''Please give a short written argumentation (not more than 150 words). It is ok if you have different or even contradicting objectives within your group. Just make it explicit at the beginning of your process ''

■ Accessibility Improvement Plan with Eco Train

One of the issues in Tayrona National Natural Park is accessibility. There are only two ways to access with boat or on foot through trail course and both takes about 1 hr. In case of boat, it is limited by tide. To improve accessibility, I want to suggest eco train in Tayrona National Natural Park. Train is the most eco friendly transportation and it is already introduced in primeval forest in Jeju Island, Korea. It minimizes the effects on forest with single lane narrow mini train but provide a great experience for tourist to observe virgin nature of volcanic forest.

To minimize interference on nature in Tayrona Park, it is strongly recommended to set buffer zone along coastal line, where the most popular spots exist and plan the lane of train inside of buffer zone. Train is operated regularly and it is possible to restrict people explore outside of buffer zone so core area of nature would be preserved efficiently. Furthermore, guide explanation in the train could help tourist understand cultural and historical background.

■ Sustained ecotourism focused around modified beach accessibility

Because there already is very limited access to large parts of the natural park, there is a lot of pressure to the areas that are open to visitors, especially the beaches. To prevent the beaches getting littered and the coral reefs getting damaged/destroyed, I'd like to propose a few design interventions to spread the visitors over a larger area of the nature park, keeping in mind not to disturb the flora and fauna too much. For that, wooden decks would be used to make very inaccessible areas such as the mangroves or steep hills more in reach of ecotourist or locals. Boulders and rocks can be used to prevent access to over-used beaches, (temporarily) allowing them to recover. Small boats leaving from a boathouse could also transport people to remote areas for a small fee, which can then be used for the preservation of the park. Hiking trails could be expanded, with the compulsive use of guides to prevent disturbing wildlife or getting into dangerous situations. The area is large enough for 3 to 4-day hiking routes, something I've seen to be very popular in South Africa, whilst being ecologically tolerable.

■ Mitigating issues of rubbish and improving camping areas

More than 27.000 tourists visit the Tayrona National Natural Park per year, producing more than 120 tonnes of rubbish. This had become a problem because there are just 30 people in charge of the rubbish collection, and they have to go trough thin and remote paths to collect it all. The most problematic areas are the beaches of Arrecifes and Cañaveral, where most tourists stay when they visit the park. Also indigenous peoples are starting to consume food from outside the park,( food cover by plastic wrappers, glass bottles, etc.),of which,they do not know how to despose properly, resulting in the rubbish being burried on site. To solve this problem they are recycling the plastic, glass, and other kind of materials in sisal sacks to then take it out of the park. My proposal to make this more effective is to divide the park in sectors, each sector will have new stone pedestrian routes wich lead to a collection point at the shoreline; then the rubbish collection will be easier. Also, the camping areas will be isolated, away from the park by using native vegetation around these areas as green barriers.There should also be crops where food can be collected, this area should be located inside the camping areas, in that manner the waste can be recycled, in a more environmentally friendly way (like the indigenous do).

== Analytical drawings ==

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:a1.jpg|Elevation of the Park, main different heights
Image:Accessibility.png|Accessibility and Improvement Plan
Image:Tayrona_analysis1.jpg|Different natural areas
Image:Analysis3.jpg|Best Path For Hiking Trail & Native Camps
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Railway in tayrona.png|Railway and Planting Plan
Image:Tayrona_futuresketch.jpg|Beach accessibility & Improvements
Image:Analysis1.jpg|Hiking Trails & Native Camps
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|projective drawing 4
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==
''Please analyse the individual approaches presented so far and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses (you may use the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis SWOT]analysis model). Try to create a synthesis and represent it with a plan and some sketches. You can still use drawings/sketches.''

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Swot railway.png|SWOT Analysis on Eco train
Image:SWOT-Hiking.jpg|SWOT Analysis on Hiking & Camping
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|synthesis drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|synthesis drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''Please reflect on your collaborative design process. Which potentials have you encountered? What was most difficult? What does collaborative design mean for you? (approx 150 words).''

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Jeju eco train 2.jpg|Jeju Island Eco Train
Image:East coastal line.jpg|Single track east coastal line in Korea
Image:Nativecamp.jpg|Jungle Camp, by Poring Hot Springs, Mt Kinabalu
Image:Roodkhan Fotress Way.jpg|Roodkhan Fotress Way,Iran
</gallery>

== References ==
''* Please make sure that you give proper references of all external resources used.''

''* Do not use images of which you do not hold the copyright.''

''* Please add internet links to other resources if necessary.''

----
[[Category:Planting Design 2013 Collaborative Design]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Collaborative Design Planting Design Working Group 6

2014-01-21T21:27:34Z

Maria.fernanda: /* What are the objectives of your design? */

---> back to group page [[Planting_Design_2013_-_Working_Group_6|working group 6]]

'''''Tayrona National Natural Park: Natural environments, and how they return us to our roots.'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Tayrona National Natural Park''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Colombian Caribbean - Magdalena''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Colombia''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''María Fernanda González Duque''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:p.tayrona.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=11.296934
|lng=-74.166496
|zoom=8
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

The Tayrona National Natural Park (Spanish: Parque Nacional Natural Tayrona), is located in the Department of Magdalena, north of Colombia, in the Caribbean sea. With approximately 30 Km2 of maritime area and 150 Km2 of land area, is one of the most visited Natural parks of this country. Its extension goes from Taganga (western side) trough the coastline, until the Piedras River (eastern side).

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:t.mapa.jpg|''Park Location''
Image:t.mapa2.jpg
Image:t.mapa3.jpg
</gallery>

*'''''Biogeography''':
'''''Ecosystems''''':
Due to the different altitudes presents around the park and the pyramid shape of the mountains, we can find temperatures between 25º and 32º, these conditions makes the park have a very dry or wet weather; here we can find tropical rainforest, dry forest, spiny forest, submontane forest, cloud forest and several ecosystems, such as Mangroves, Seagrasses, Coral reefs, Rocky coastline, Lagoons, etc.

'''''Hydrography''''':
Consists of two drainage systems, the maritime one is formed by a set of small streams and creeks that flow into the sea and the continental one is formed by the streams that flow into the Rio Piedras.

'''''Flora and Fauna''''':
The park has a natural wealth flora of over 350 maritime species and 770 terrestrial along with an extensive fauna, 15 species of amphibians, 202 species of sponges, 471 species of crustaceans, 96 species of annuals, 700 species of molluscs, 110 species of corals and 401 species of sea and river fish, 108 species of mammals, 300 species of birds, 70 species of bats, 31 species of reptiles. The coastal zone has the greatest wealth of marine vegetation of the whole Colombian Caribbean, with more than 31 types of different plants

*'''''Cultural features''''':
'''''History''''':
The Tayrona, an ancient indigenous group of chiefdoms, dwelled this region (Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta) between the 800 a.C. and the 1600 a.C., before the arrival of the Spanish in Colombia, their economy was based on agriculture of fruital trees, corn crops and plants. They developed their civilization at 900 - 2000 meters above the sea, due to the mild climate and the variety of local products.

1498: First contact between indigenous and Spanish with Fernando González de Oviedo.

1525: Foundation of Santa Marta city.

1525-1599: Instability between Tayronas and Spanish which led to intense periods of conflict and war.

1600: Beginning of the decimation of the indigenous in hands of the Spanish.

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:t1.jpg|''Ilustration: Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta''
Image:t2.jpg|''Ilustration: The population''
Image:t3.jpg|''Ilustration: The cities''
Image:t4.jpg|''Ilustration: Period of conflict with the Spanish''
</gallery>

The survivors of this decimation were interned in the highest parts of the massif to escape from the Spanish; their descendants are the Kogi, who has maintained themselves isolated so far.

1973: A grave robber, found Lost City (Spanish: Ciudad Perdida).

1976: A Colombian scientific expedition arrived to the Lost City and begging with a process of restoration and conservation of the archaeological remains and the terraces of the city and the entire park.

1979: Is declared a Biosphere reserve of humanity by UNESCO

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:k1.jpg|''Tayronas descendants, The Koguis''
Image:k2.jpg|''Kogui's Houses''
Image:k3.jpg|''Kogui's cities''

</gallery>

The Eco-tourism there, is a great way to being interest and economic infrastructure to the reserve, without causing any damage to the ecosystem. It is amazing to be able to witness such a variety of ecosystems and also the archaeological remains of a Tayrona city of pre-colombian Colombia, the white sand beaches and waters in deep blue, gives great natural and historical diversity to the landscape.''

== What are the objectives of your design? ==

''Please give a short written argumentation (not more than 150 words). It is ok if you have different or even contradicting objectives within your group. Just make it explicit at the beginning of your process ''

■ Accessibility Improvement Plan with Eco Train

One of the issues in Tayrona National Natural Park is accessibility. There are only two ways to access with boat or on foot through trail course and both takes about 1 hr. In case of boat, it is limited by tide. To improve accessibility, I want to suggest eco train in Tayrona National Natural Park. Train is the most eco friendly transportation and it is already introduced in primeval forest in Jeju Island, Korea. It minimizes the effects on forest with single lane narrow mini train but provide a great experience for tourist to observe virgin nature of volcanic forest.

To minimize interference on nature in Tayrona Park, it is strongly recommended to set buffer zone along coastal line, where the most popular spots exist and plan the lane of train inside of buffer zone. Train is operated regularly and it is possible to restrict people explore outside of buffer zone so core area of nature would be preserved efficiently. Furthermore, guide explanation in the train could help tourist understand cultural and historical background.

■ Sustained ecotourism focused around modified beach accessibility

Because there already is very limited access to large parts of the natural park, there is a lot of pressure to the areas that are open to visitors, especially the beaches. To prevent the beaches getting littered and the coral reefs getting damaged/destroyed, I'd like to propose a few design interventions to spread the visitors over a larger area of the nature park, keeping in mind not to disturb the flora and fauna too much. For that, wooden decks would be used to make very inaccessible areas such as the mangroves or steep hills more in reach of ecotourist or locals. Boulders and rocks can be used to prevent access to over-used beaches, (temporarily) allowing them to recover. Small boats leaving from a boathouse could also transport people to remote areas for a small fee, which can then be used for the preservation of the park. Hiking trails could be expanded, with the compulsive use of guides to prevent disturbing wildlife or getting into dangerous situations. The area is large enough for 3 to 4-day hiking routes, something I've seen to be very popular in South Africa, whilst being ecologically tolerable.

■ Mitigating issues of rubbish and improving camping areas

More than 27.000 tourists visit the Tayrona National Natural Park per year, producing more than 120 tonnes of rubbish. This had become a problem because there are just 30 people in charge of the rubbish collection, and they have to go trough thin and remote paths to collect it all. The most problematic areas are the beaches of Arrecifes and Cañaveral, where most tourists stay when they visit the park. Also indigenous peoples are starting to consume food from outside the park,( food cover by plastic wrappers, glass bottles, etc.),of which,they do not know how to despose properly, resulting in the rubbish being burried on site. To solve this problem they are recycling the plastic, glass, and other kind of materials in sisal sacks to then take it out of the park. My proposal to make this more effective is to divide the park in sectors, each sector will have new stone pedestrian routes wich lead to a collection point at the shoreline; then the rubbish collection will be easier. Also, the camping areas will be isolated, away from the park by using native vegetation around these areas as green barriers.There should also be crops where food can be collected, this area should be located inside the camping areas, in that manner the waste can be recycled, in a more environmentally friendly way (like the indigenous do).

== Analytical drawings ==

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:a1.jpg|Elevation of the Park, main different heights
Image:Accessibility.png|Accessibility and Improvement Plan
Image:Tayrona_analysis1.jpg|Different natural areas
Image:Analysis3.jpg|Best Path For Hiking Trail & Native Camps
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Railway in tayrona.png|Railway and Planting Plan
Image:Tayrona_futuresketch.jpg|Beach accessibility & Improvements
Image:Analysis1.jpg|Hiking Trails & Native Camps
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|projective drawing 4
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==
''Please analyse the individual approaches presented so far and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses (you may use the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis SWOT]analysis model). Try to create a synthesis and represent it with a plan and some sketches. You can still use drawings/sketches.''

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Swot railway.png|SWOT Analysis on Eco train
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|synthesis drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|synthesis drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|synthesis drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''Please reflect on your collaborative design process. Which potentials have you encountered? What was most difficult? What does collaborative design mean for you? (approx 150 words).''

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Jeju eco train 2.jpg|Jeju Island Eco Train
Image:East coastal line.jpg|Single track east coastal line in Korea
Image:Nativecamp.jpg|Jungle Camp, by Poring Hot Springs, Mt Kinabalu
Image:Roodkhan Fotress Way.jpg|Roodkhan Fotress Way,Iran
</gallery>

== References ==
''* Please make sure that you give proper references of all external resources used.''

''* Do not use images of which you do not hold the copyright.''

''* Please add internet links to other resources if necessary.''

----
[[Category:Planting Design 2013 Collaborative Design]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Collaborative Design Planting Design Working Group 6

2014-01-21T21:26:48Z

Maria.fernanda: /* What are the objectives of your design? */

---> back to group page [[Planting_Design_2013_-_Working_Group_6|working group 6]]

'''''Tayrona National Natural Park: Natural environments, and how they return us to our roots.'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Tayrona National Natural Park''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Colombian Caribbean - Magdalena''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Colombia''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''María Fernanda González Duque''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:p.tayrona.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=11.296934
|lng=-74.166496
|zoom=8
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

The Tayrona National Natural Park (Spanish: Parque Nacional Natural Tayrona), is located in the Department of Magdalena, north of Colombia, in the Caribbean sea. With approximately 30 Km2 of maritime area and 150 Km2 of land area, is one of the most visited Natural parks of this country. Its extension goes from Taganga (western side) trough the coastline, until the Piedras River (eastern side).

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:t.mapa.jpg|''Park Location''
Image:t.mapa2.jpg
Image:t.mapa3.jpg
</gallery>

*'''''Biogeography''':
'''''Ecosystems''''':
Due to the different altitudes presents around the park and the pyramid shape of the mountains, we can find temperatures between 25º and 32º, these conditions makes the park have a very dry or wet weather; here we can find tropical rainforest, dry forest, spiny forest, submontane forest, cloud forest and several ecosystems, such as Mangroves, Seagrasses, Coral reefs, Rocky coastline, Lagoons, etc.

'''''Hydrography''''':
Consists of two drainage systems, the maritime one is formed by a set of small streams and creeks that flow into the sea and the continental one is formed by the streams that flow into the Rio Piedras.

'''''Flora and Fauna''''':
The park has a natural wealth flora of over 350 maritime species and 770 terrestrial along with an extensive fauna, 15 species of amphibians, 202 species of sponges, 471 species of crustaceans, 96 species of annuals, 700 species of molluscs, 110 species of corals and 401 species of sea and river fish, 108 species of mammals, 300 species of birds, 70 species of bats, 31 species of reptiles. The coastal zone has the greatest wealth of marine vegetation of the whole Colombian Caribbean, with more than 31 types of different plants

*'''''Cultural features''''':
'''''History''''':
The Tayrona, an ancient indigenous group of chiefdoms, dwelled this region (Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta) between the 800 a.C. and the 1600 a.C., before the arrival of the Spanish in Colombia, their economy was based on agriculture of fruital trees, corn crops and plants. They developed their civilization at 900 - 2000 meters above the sea, due to the mild climate and the variety of local products.

1498: First contact between indigenous and Spanish with Fernando González de Oviedo.

1525: Foundation of Santa Marta city.

1525-1599: Instability between Tayronas and Spanish which led to intense periods of conflict and war.

1600: Beginning of the decimation of the indigenous in hands of the Spanish.

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:t1.jpg|''Ilustration: Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta''
Image:t2.jpg|''Ilustration: The population''
Image:t3.jpg|''Ilustration: The cities''
Image:t4.jpg|''Ilustration: Period of conflict with the Spanish''
</gallery>

The survivors of this decimation were interned in the highest parts of the massif to escape from the Spanish; their descendants are the Kogi, who has maintained themselves isolated so far.

1973: A grave robber, found Lost City (Spanish: Ciudad Perdida).

1976: A Colombian scientific expedition arrived to the Lost City and begging with a process of restoration and conservation of the archaeological remains and the terraces of the city and the entire park.

1979: Is declared a Biosphere reserve of humanity by UNESCO

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:k1.jpg|''Tayronas descendants, The Koguis''
Image:k2.jpg|''Kogui's Houses''
Image:k3.jpg|''Kogui's cities''

</gallery>

The Eco-tourism there, is a great way to being interest and economic infrastructure to the reserve, without causing any damage to the ecosystem. It is amazing to be able to witness such a variety of ecosystems and also the archaeological remains of a Tayrona city of pre-colombian Colombia, the white sand beaches and waters in deep blue, gives great natural and historical diversity to the landscape.''

== What are the objectives of your design? ==

''Please give a short written argumentation (not more than 150 words). It is ok if you have different or even contradicting objectives within your group. Just make it explicit at the beginning of your process ''

■ Accessibility Improvement Plan with Eco Train

One of the issues in Tayrona National Natural Park is accessibility. There are only two ways to access with boat or on foot through trail course and both takes about 1 hr. In case of boat, it is limited by tide. To improve accessibility, I want to suggest eco train in Tayrona National Natural Park. Train is the most eco friendly transportation and it is already introduced in primeval forest in Jeju Island, Korea. It minimizes the effects on forest with single lane narrow mini train but provide a great experience for tourist to observe virgin nature of volcanic forest.

To minimize interference on nature in Tayrona Park, it is strongly recommended to set buffer zone along coastal line, where the most popular spots exist and plan the lane of train inside of buffer zone. Train is operated regularly and it is possible to restrict people explore outside of buffer zone so core area of nature would be preserved efficiently. Furthermore, guide explanation in the train could help tourist understand cultural and historical background.

■ Sustained ecotourism focused around modified beach accessibility

Because there already is very limited access to large parts of the natural park, there is a lot of pressure to the areas that are open to visitors, especially the beaches. To prevent the beaches getting littered and the coral reefs getting damaged/destroyed, I'd like to propose a few design interventions to spread the visitors over a larger area of the nature park, keeping in mind not to disturb the flora and fauna too much. For that, wooden decks would be used to make very inaccessible areas such as the mangroves or steep hills more in reach of ecotourist or locals. Boulders and rocks can be used to prevent access to over-used beaches, (temporarily) allowing them to recover. Small boats leaving from a boathouse could also transport people to remote areas for a small fee, which can then be used for the preservation of the park. Hiking trails could be expanded, with the compulsive use of guides to prevent disturbing wildlife or getting into dangerous situations. The area is large enough for 3 to 4-day hiking routes, something I've seen to be very popular in South Africa, whilst being ecologically tolerable.

■ Mitigating issues of rubbish and improving camping areas

More than 27.000 tourists visit the Tayrona National Natural Park per year, producing more than 120 tonnes of rubbish. This had become a problem because there are just 30 people in charge of the rubbish collection, and they have to go trough thin and remote paths to collect it all. The most problematic areas are the beaches of Arrecifes and Cañaveral, where most tourists stay when they visit the park. Also indigenous peoples are starting to consume food from outside the park,( food cover by plastic wrappers, glass bottles, etc.),of which,they do not know how to despose properly, resulting in the rubbish being burried on site. To solve this problem they are recycling the plastic, glass, and other kind of materials in sisal sacks to then take it out of the park. My proposal to make this more effective is to divide the park in sectors, each sector will have new stone pedestrian routes wich lead to a collection point at the shoreline; then the rubbish collection will be easier. Also, the camping areas will be isolated, away from the park by using native vegetation around these areas as green barriers.There should also be crops where food can be collected, this area should be located inside the camping areas, in that manner the waste can be recycled, in a more environmentally friendly way.

== Analytical drawings ==

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:a1.jpg|Elevation of the Park, main different heights
Image:Accessibility.png|Accessibility and Improvement Plan
Image:Tayrona_analysis1.jpg|Different natural areas
Image:Analysis3.jpg|Best Path For Hiking Trail & Native Camps
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Railway in tayrona.png|Railway and Planting Plan
Image:Tayrona_futuresketch.jpg|Beach accessibility & Improvements
Image:Analysis1.jpg|Hiking Trails & Native Camps
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|projective drawing 4
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==
''Please analyse the individual approaches presented so far and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses (you may use the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis SWOT]analysis model). Try to create a synthesis and represent it with a plan and some sketches. You can still use drawings/sketches.''

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Swot railway.png|SWOT Analysis on Eco train
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|synthesis drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|synthesis drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|synthesis drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''Please reflect on your collaborative design process. Which potentials have you encountered? What was most difficult? What does collaborative design mean for you? (approx 150 words).''

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Jeju eco train 2.jpg|Jeju Island Eco Train
Image:East coastal line.jpg|Single track east coastal line in Korea
Image:Nativecamp.jpg|Jungle Camp, by Poring Hot Springs, Mt Kinabalu
Image:Roodkhan Fotress Way.jpg|Roodkhan Fotress Way,Iran
</gallery>

== References ==
''* Please make sure that you give proper references of all external resources used.''

''* Do not use images of which you do not hold the copyright.''

''* Please add internet links to other resources if necessary.''

----
[[Category:Planting Design 2013 Collaborative Design]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Collaborative Design Planting Design Working Group 6

2014-01-21T21:19:09Z

Maria.fernanda: /* What are the objectives of your design? */

---> back to group page [[Planting_Design_2013_-_Working_Group_6|working group 6]]

'''''Tayrona National Natural Park: Natural environments, and how they return us to our roots.'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Tayrona National Natural Park''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Colombian Caribbean - Magdalena''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Colombia''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''María Fernanda González Duque''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:p.tayrona.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=11.296934
|lng=-74.166496
|zoom=8
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

The Tayrona National Natural Park (Spanish: Parque Nacional Natural Tayrona), is located in the Department of Magdalena, north of Colombia, in the Caribbean sea. With approximately 30 Km2 of maritime area and 150 Km2 of land area, is one of the most visited Natural parks of this country. Its extension goes from Taganga (western side) trough the coastline, until the Piedras River (eastern side).

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:t.mapa.jpg|''Park Location''
Image:t.mapa2.jpg
Image:t.mapa3.jpg
</gallery>

*'''''Biogeography''':
'''''Ecosystems''''':
Due to the different altitudes presents around the park and the pyramid shape of the mountains, we can find temperatures between 25º and 32º, these conditions makes the park have a very dry or wet weather; here we can find tropical rainforest, dry forest, spiny forest, submontane forest, cloud forest and several ecosystems, such as Mangroves, Seagrasses, Coral reefs, Rocky coastline, Lagoons, etc.

'''''Hydrography''''':
Consists of two drainage systems, the maritime one is formed by a set of small streams and creeks that flow into the sea and the continental one is formed by the streams that flow into the Rio Piedras.

'''''Flora and Fauna''''':
The park has a natural wealth flora of over 350 maritime species and 770 terrestrial along with an extensive fauna, 15 species of amphibians, 202 species of sponges, 471 species of crustaceans, 96 species of annuals, 700 species of molluscs, 110 species of corals and 401 species of sea and river fish, 108 species of mammals, 300 species of birds, 70 species of bats, 31 species of reptiles. The coastal zone has the greatest wealth of marine vegetation of the whole Colombian Caribbean, with more than 31 types of different plants

*'''''Cultural features''''':
'''''History''''':
The Tayrona, an ancient indigenous group of chiefdoms, dwelled this region (Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta) between the 800 a.C. and the 1600 a.C., before the arrival of the Spanish in Colombia, their economy was based on agriculture of fruital trees, corn crops and plants. They developed their civilization at 900 - 2000 meters above the sea, due to the mild climate and the variety of local products.

1498: First contact between indigenous and Spanish with Fernando González de Oviedo.

1525: Foundation of Santa Marta city.

1525-1599: Instability between Tayronas and Spanish which led to intense periods of conflict and war.

1600: Beginning of the decimation of the indigenous in hands of the Spanish.

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:t1.jpg|''Ilustration: Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta''
Image:t2.jpg|''Ilustration: The population''
Image:t3.jpg|''Ilustration: The cities''
Image:t4.jpg|''Ilustration: Period of conflict with the Spanish''
</gallery>

The survivors of this decimation were interned in the highest parts of the massif to escape from the Spanish; their descendants are the Kogi, who has maintained themselves isolated so far.

1973: A grave robber, found Lost City (Spanish: Ciudad Perdida).

1976: A Colombian scientific expedition arrived to the Lost City and begging with a process of restoration and conservation of the archaeological remains and the terraces of the city and the entire park.

1979: Is declared a Biosphere reserve of humanity by UNESCO

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:k1.jpg|''Tayronas descendants, The Koguis''
Image:k2.jpg|''Kogui's Houses''
Image:k3.jpg|''Kogui's cities''

</gallery>

The Eco-tourism there, is a great way to being interest and economic infrastructure to the reserve, without causing any damage to the ecosystem. It is amazing to be able to witness such a variety of ecosystems and also the archaeological remains of a Tayrona city of pre-colombian Colombia, the white sand beaches and waters in deep blue, gives great natural and historical diversity to the landscape.''

== What are the objectives of your design? ==

''Please give a short written argumentation (not more than 150 words). It is ok if you have different or even contradicting objectives within your group. Just make it explicit at the beginning of your process ''

■ Accessibility Improvement Plan with Eco Train

One of the issues in Tayrona National Natural Park is accessibility. There are only two ways to access with boat or on foot through trail course and both takes about 1 hr. In case of boat, it is limited by tide. To improve accessibility, I want to suggest eco train in Tayrona National Natural Park. Train is the most eco friendly transportation and it is already introduced in primeval forest in Jeju Island, Korea. It minimizes the effects on forest with single lane narrow mini train but provide a great experience for tourist to observe virgin nature of volcanic forest.

To minimize interference on nature in Tayrona Park, it is strongly recommended to set buffer zone along coastal line, where the most popular spots exist and plan the lane of train inside of buffer zone. Train is operated regularly and it is possible to restrict people explore outside of buffer zone so core area of nature would be preserved efficiently. Furthermore, guide explanation in the train could help tourist understand cultural and historical background.

■ Sustained ecotourism focused around modified beach accessibility

Because there already is very limited access to large parts of the natural park, there is a lot of pressure to the areas that are open to visitors, especially the beaches. To prevent the beaches getting littered and the coral reefs getting damaged/destroyed, I'd like to propose a few design interventions to spread the visitors over a larger area of the nature park, keeping in mind not to disturb the flora and fauna too much. For that, wooden decks would be used to make very inaccessible areas such as the mangroves or steep hills more in reach of ecotourist or locals. Boulders and rocks can be used to prevent access to over-used beaches, (temporarily) allowing them to recover. Small boats leaving from a boathouse could also transport people to remote areas for a small fee, which can then be used for the preservation of the park. Hiking trails could be expanded, with the compulsive use of guides to prevent disturbing wildlife or getting into dangerous situations. The area is large enough for 3 to 4-day hiking routes, something I've seen to be very popular in South Africa, whilst being ecologically tolerable.

■ Mitigating issues of rubbish and improving camping areas

More than 27.000 tourists visit the Tayrona National Natural Park per year, producing more than 120 tonnes of rubbish, this had become a problem because there are just 30 people in charge of the rubbish collection, and they have to go trough thin and remote paths. The most problematic areas are the beaches of Arrecifes and Cañaveral, where most of the tourists stay when they visit the park. Also indigenous are starting to consume food from outside the park, food cover by plastic wrappers, glass bottles, etc., and they do know what to do with this kind of rubbish, so they are burying it. To solve this problem they are recycling the plastic, glass, and other kind of materials in sisal sacks to then take it out of the park. My proposal to make this more effective is to divide the park in sectors each sector will have new stone pedestrian routes wich lead to a collection point in the shoreline; then the rubbish collection will be easier. Also, they camping areas will be isoleted from the park by using native vegetation around these areas as green barriers; the food will be collected in crops located inside this camping areas, in that manner the waste can be recycle as the indigenous do.

== Analytical drawings ==

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:a1.jpg|Elevation of the Park, main different heights
Image:Accessibility.png|Accessibility and Improvement Plan
Image:Tayrona_analysis1.jpg|Different natural areas
Image:Analysis3.jpg|Best Path For Hiking Trail & Native Camps
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Railway in tayrona.png|Railway and Planting Plan
Image:Tayrona_futuresketch.jpg|Beach accessibility & Improvements
Image:Analysis1.jpg|Hiking Trails & Native Camps
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|projective drawing 4
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==
''Please analyse the individual approaches presented so far and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses (you may use the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis SWOT]analysis model). Try to create a synthesis and represent it with a plan and some sketches. You can still use drawings/sketches.''

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Swot railway.png|SWOT Analysis on Eco train
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|synthesis drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|synthesis drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|synthesis drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''Please reflect on your collaborative design process. Which potentials have you encountered? What was most difficult? What does collaborative design mean for you? (approx 150 words).''

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Jeju eco train 2.jpg|Jeju Island Eco Train
Image:East coastal line.jpg|Single track east coastal line in Korea
Image:Nativecamp.jpg|Jungle Camp, by Poring Hot Springs, Mt Kinabalu
Image:Roodkhan Fotress Way.jpg|Roodkhan Fotress Way,Iran
</gallery>

== References ==
''* Please make sure that you give proper references of all external resources used.''

''* Do not use images of which you do not hold the copyright.''

''* Please add internet links to other resources if necessary.''

----
[[Category:Planting Design 2013 Collaborative Design]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Collaborative Design Planting Design Working Group 6

2014-01-21T21:16:00Z

Maria.fernanda: /* What are the objectives of your design? */

---> back to group page [[Planting_Design_2013_-_Working_Group_6|working group 6]]

'''''Tayrona National Natural Park: Natural environments, and how they return us to our roots.'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Tayrona National Natural Park''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Colombian Caribbean - Magdalena''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Colombia''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''María Fernanda González Duque''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:p.tayrona.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=11.296934
|lng=-74.166496
|zoom=8
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

The Tayrona National Natural Park (Spanish: Parque Nacional Natural Tayrona), is located in the Department of Magdalena, north of Colombia, in the Caribbean sea. With approximately 30 Km2 of maritime area and 150 Km2 of land area, is one of the most visited Natural parks of this country. Its extension goes from Taganga (western side) trough the coastline, until the Piedras River (eastern side).

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:t.mapa.jpg|''Park Location''
Image:t.mapa2.jpg
Image:t.mapa3.jpg
</gallery>

*'''''Biogeography''':
'''''Ecosystems''''':
Due to the different altitudes presents around the park and the pyramid shape of the mountains, we can find temperatures between 25º and 32º, these conditions makes the park have a very dry or wet weather; here we can find tropical rainforest, dry forest, spiny forest, submontane forest, cloud forest and several ecosystems, such as Mangroves, Seagrasses, Coral reefs, Rocky coastline, Lagoons, etc.

'''''Hydrography''''':
Consists of two drainage systems, the maritime one is formed by a set of small streams and creeks that flow into the sea and the continental one is formed by the streams that flow into the Rio Piedras.

'''''Flora and Fauna''''':
The park has a natural wealth flora of over 350 maritime species and 770 terrestrial along with an extensive fauna, 15 species of amphibians, 202 species of sponges, 471 species of crustaceans, 96 species of annuals, 700 species of molluscs, 110 species of corals and 401 species of sea and river fish, 108 species of mammals, 300 species of birds, 70 species of bats, 31 species of reptiles. The coastal zone has the greatest wealth of marine vegetation of the whole Colombian Caribbean, with more than 31 types of different plants

*'''''Cultural features''''':
'''''History''''':
The Tayrona, an ancient indigenous group of chiefdoms, dwelled this region (Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta) between the 800 a.C. and the 1600 a.C., before the arrival of the Spanish in Colombia, their economy was based on agriculture of fruital trees, corn crops and plants. They developed their civilization at 900 - 2000 meters above the sea, due to the mild climate and the variety of local products.

1498: First contact between indigenous and Spanish with Fernando González de Oviedo.

1525: Foundation of Santa Marta city.

1525-1599: Instability between Tayronas and Spanish which led to intense periods of conflict and war.

1600: Beginning of the decimation of the indigenous in hands of the Spanish.

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:t1.jpg|''Ilustration: Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta''
Image:t2.jpg|''Ilustration: The population''
Image:t3.jpg|''Ilustration: The cities''
Image:t4.jpg|''Ilustration: Period of conflict with the Spanish''
</gallery>

The survivors of this decimation were interned in the highest parts of the massif to escape from the Spanish; their descendants are the Kogi, who has maintained themselves isolated so far.

1973: A grave robber, found Lost City (Spanish: Ciudad Perdida).

1976: A Colombian scientific expedition arrived to the Lost City and begging with a process of restoration and conservation of the archaeological remains and the terraces of the city and the entire park.

1979: Is declared a Biosphere reserve of humanity by UNESCO

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:k1.jpg|''Tayronas descendants, The Koguis''
Image:k2.jpg|''Kogui's Houses''
Image:k3.jpg|''Kogui's cities''

</gallery>

The Eco-tourism there, is a great way to being interest and economic infrastructure to the reserve, without causing any damage to the ecosystem. It is amazing to be able to witness such a variety of ecosystems and also the archaeological remains of a Tayrona city of pre-colombian Colombia, the white sand beaches and waters in deep blue, gives great natural and historical diversity to the landscape.''

== What are the objectives of your design? ==

''Please give a short written argumentation (not more than 150 words). It is ok if you have different or even contradicting objectives within your group. Just make it explicit at the beginning of your process ''

■ Accessibility Improvement Plan with Eco Train

One of the issues in Tayrona National Natural Park is accessibility. There are only two ways to access with boat or on foot through trail course and both takes about 1 hr. In case of boat, it is limited by tide. To improve accessibility, I want to suggest eco train in Tayrona National Natural Park. Train is the most eco friendly transportation and it is already introduced in primeval forest in Jeju Island, Korea. It minimizes the effects on forest with single lane narrow mini train but provide a great experience for tourist to observe virgin nature of volcanic forest.

To minimize interference on nature in Tayrona Park, it is strongly recommended to set buffer zone along coastal line, where the most popular spots exist and plan the lane of train inside of buffer zone. Train is operated regularly and it is possible to restrict people explore outside of buffer zone so core area of nature would be preserved efficiently. Furthermore, guide explanation in the train could help tourist understand cultural and historical background.

■ Sustained ecotourism focused around modified beach accessibility

Because there already is very limited access to large parts of the natural park, there is a lot of pressure to the areas that are open to visitors, especially the beaches. To prevent the beaches getting littered and the coral reefs getting damaged/destroyed, I'd like to propose a few design interventions to spread the visitors over a larger area of the nature park, keeping in mind not to disturb the flora and fauna too much. For that, wooden decks would be used to make very inaccessible areas such as the mangroves or steep hills more in reach of ecotourist or locals. Boulders and rocks can be used to prevent access to over-used beaches, (temporarily) allowing them to recover. Small boats leaving from a boathouse could also transport people to remote areas for a small fee, which can then be used for the preservation of the park. Hiking trails could be expanded, with the compulsive use of guides to prevent disturbing wildlife or getting into dangerous situations. The area is large enough for 3 to 4-day hiking routes, something I've seen to be very popular in South Africa, whilst being ecologically tolerable.

■ Mitigating issues of rubbish and improving camping areas

More than 27.000 tourists visit the Tayrona National Natural Park per year, producing more than 120 tonnes of rubbish, this had become a problem because there are just 30 people in charge of the rubbish collection, and they have to go trough thin and remote paths. The most problematic areas are the beaches of Arrecifes and Cañaveral, where most of the tourists stay when they visit the park. Also indigenous are starting to consume food from outside the park, food cover by plastic wrappers, glass bottles, etc., and they do know what to do with this kind of rubbish, so they are burying it. To solve this problem they are recycling the plastic, glass, and other kind of materials in sisal sacks to then take it out of the park. My proposal to make this more effective is to divide the park in sectors each sector will have new stone pedestrian routes wich lead to a collection point in the shoreline; then the rubbish collection will be easier. Also, they camping areas will be isoleted from the park by using native vegetation around these areas as green barriers,

== Analytical drawings ==

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:a1.jpg|Elevation of the Park, main different heights
Image:Accessibility.png|Accessibility and Improvement Plan
Image:Tayrona_analysis1.jpg|Different natural areas
Image:Analysis2.jpg|Best Path For Hiking Trail & Native Camps
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Railway in tayrona.png|Railway and Planting Plan
Image:Tayrona_futuresketch.jpg|Beach accessibility & Improvements
Image:Analysis1.jpg|Hiking Trails & Native Camps
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|projective drawing 4
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==
''Please analyse the individual approaches presented so far and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses (you may use the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis SWOT]analysis model). Try to create a synthesis and represent it with a plan and some sketches. You can still use drawings/sketches.''

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Swot railway.png|SWOT Analysis on Eco train
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|synthesis drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|synthesis drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|synthesis drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''Please reflect on your collaborative design process. Which potentials have you encountered? What was most difficult? What does collaborative design mean for you? (approx 150 words).''

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Jeju eco train 2.jpg|Jeju Island Eco Train
Image:East coastal line.jpg|Single track east coastal line in Korea
Image:Nativecamp.jpg|Jungle Camp, by Poring Hot Springs, Mt Kinabalu
Image:Roodkhan Fotress Way.jpg|Roodkhan Fotress Way,Iran
</gallery>

== References ==
''* Please make sure that you give proper references of all external resources used.''

''* Do not use images of which you do not hold the copyright.''

''* Please add internet links to other resources if necessary.''

----
[[Category:Planting Design 2013 Collaborative Design]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Collaborative Design Planting Design Working Group 6

2014-01-21T21:11:00Z

Maria.fernanda: /* What are the objectives of your design? */

---> back to group page [[Planting_Design_2013_-_Working_Group_6|working group 6]]

'''''Tayrona National Natural Park: Natural environments, and how they return us to our roots.'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Tayrona National Natural Park''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Colombian Caribbean - Magdalena''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Colombia''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''María Fernanda González Duque''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:p.tayrona.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=11.296934
|lng=-74.166496
|zoom=8
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

The Tayrona National Natural Park (Spanish: Parque Nacional Natural Tayrona), is located in the Department of Magdalena, north of Colombia, in the Caribbean sea. With approximately 30 Km2 of maritime area and 150 Km2 of land area, is one of the most visited Natural parks of this country. Its extension goes from Taganga (western side) trough the coastline, until the Piedras River (eastern side).

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:t.mapa.jpg|''Park Location''
Image:t.mapa2.jpg
Image:t.mapa3.jpg
</gallery>

*'''''Biogeography''':
'''''Ecosystems''''':
Due to the different altitudes presents around the park and the pyramid shape of the mountains, we can find temperatures between 25º and 32º, these conditions makes the park have a very dry or wet weather; here we can find tropical rainforest, dry forest, spiny forest, submontane forest, cloud forest and several ecosystems, such as Mangroves, Seagrasses, Coral reefs, Rocky coastline, Lagoons, etc.

'''''Hydrography''''':
Consists of two drainage systems, the maritime one is formed by a set of small streams and creeks that flow into the sea and the continental one is formed by the streams that flow into the Rio Piedras.

'''''Flora and Fauna''''':
The park has a natural wealth flora of over 350 maritime species and 770 terrestrial along with an extensive fauna, 15 species of amphibians, 202 species of sponges, 471 species of crustaceans, 96 species of annuals, 700 species of molluscs, 110 species of corals and 401 species of sea and river fish, 108 species of mammals, 300 species of birds, 70 species of bats, 31 species of reptiles. The coastal zone has the greatest wealth of marine vegetation of the whole Colombian Caribbean, with more than 31 types of different plants

*'''''Cultural features''''':
'''''History''''':
The Tayrona, an ancient indigenous group of chiefdoms, dwelled this region (Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta) between the 800 a.C. and the 1600 a.C., before the arrival of the Spanish in Colombia, their economy was based on agriculture of fruital trees, corn crops and plants. They developed their civilization at 900 - 2000 meters above the sea, due to the mild climate and the variety of local products.

1498: First contact between indigenous and Spanish with Fernando González de Oviedo.

1525: Foundation of Santa Marta city.

1525-1599: Instability between Tayronas and Spanish which led to intense periods of conflict and war.

1600: Beginning of the decimation of the indigenous in hands of the Spanish.

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:t1.jpg|''Ilustration: Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta''
Image:t2.jpg|''Ilustration: The population''
Image:t3.jpg|''Ilustration: The cities''
Image:t4.jpg|''Ilustration: Period of conflict with the Spanish''
</gallery>

The survivors of this decimation were interned in the highest parts of the massif to escape from the Spanish; their descendants are the Kogi, who has maintained themselves isolated so far.

1973: A grave robber, found Lost City (Spanish: Ciudad Perdida).

1976: A Colombian scientific expedition arrived to the Lost City and begging with a process of restoration and conservation of the archaeological remains and the terraces of the city and the entire park.

1979: Is declared a Biosphere reserve of humanity by UNESCO

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:k1.jpg|''Tayronas descendants, The Koguis''
Image:k2.jpg|''Kogui's Houses''
Image:k3.jpg|''Kogui's cities''

</gallery>

The Eco-tourism there, is a great way to being interest and economic infrastructure to the reserve, without causing any damage to the ecosystem. It is amazing to be able to witness such a variety of ecosystems and also the archaeological remains of a Tayrona city of pre-colombian Colombia, the white sand beaches and waters in deep blue, gives great natural and historical diversity to the landscape.''

== What are the objectives of your design? ==

''Please give a short written argumentation (not more than 150 words). It is ok if you have different or even contradicting objectives within your group. Just make it explicit at the beginning of your process ''

■ Accessibility Improvement Plan with Eco Train

One of the issues in Tayrona National Natural Park is accessibility. There are only two ways to access with boat or on foot through trail course and both takes about 1 hr. In case of boat, it is limited by tide. To improve accessibility, I want to suggest eco train in Tayrona National Natural Park. Train is the most eco friendly transportation and it is already introduced in primeval forest in Jeju Island, Korea. It minimizes the effects on forest with single lane narrow mini train but provide a great experience for tourist to observe virgin nature of volcanic forest.

To minimize interference on nature in Tayrona Park, it is strongly recommended to set buffer zone along coastal line, where the most popular spots exist and plan the lane of train inside of buffer zone. Train is operated regularly and it is possible to restrict people explore outside of buffer zone so core area of nature would be preserved efficiently. Furthermore, guide explanation in the train could help tourist understand cultural and historical background.

■ Sustained ecotourism focused around modified beach accessibility

Because there already is very limited access to large parts of the natural park, there is a lot of pressure to the areas that are open to visitors, especially the beaches. To prevent the beaches getting littered and the coral reefs getting damaged/destroyed, I'd like to propose a few design interventions to spread the visitors over a larger area of the nature park, keeping in mind not to disturb the flora and fauna too much. For that, wooden decks would be used to make very inaccessible areas such as the mangroves or steep hills more in reach of ecotourist or locals. Boulders and rocks can be used to prevent access to over-used beaches, (temporarily) allowing them to recover. Small boats leaving from a boathouse could also transport people to remote areas for a small fee, which can then be used for the preservation of the park. Hiking trails could be expanded, with the compulsive use of guides to prevent disturbing wildlife or getting into dangerous situations. The area is large enough for 3 to 4-day hiking routes, something I've seen to be very popular in South Africa, whilst being ecologically tolerable.

■ Mitigating issues of rubbish and improving camping areas

More than 27.000 tourists visit the Tayrona National Natural Park per year, producing more than 120 tonnes of rubbish, this had become a problem because there are just 30 people in charge of the rubbish collection, and they have to go trough thin and remote paths. The most problematic areas are the beaches of Arrecifes and Cañaveral, where most of the tourists stay when they visit the park. Also indigenous are starting to consume food from outside the park, food cover by plastic wrappers, glass bottles, etc., and they do know what to do with this kind of rubbish, so they are burying it. To solve this problem they are recycling the plastic, glass, and other kind of materials in a sisal sack to then take it out of the park. My proposal to make this more effective is to divide the park in sectors each sector will have new stone pedestrian routes to lead to a collection point in the shoreline; than the rubbish collection will be easier and

== Analytical drawings ==

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:a1.jpg|Elevation of the Park, main different heights
Image:Accessibility.png|Accessibility and Improvement Plan
Image:Tayrona_analysis1.jpg|Different natural areas
Image:|Hiking Trail & Native Camps
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Railway in tayrona.png|Railway and Planting Plan
Image:Tayrona_futuresketch.jpg|Beach accessibility & Improvements
Image:Analysis1.jpg|Hiking Trails & Native Camps
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|projective drawing 4
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==
''Please analyse the individual approaches presented so far and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses (you may use the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis SWOT]analysis model). Try to create a synthesis and represent it with a plan and some sketches. You can still use drawings/sketches.''

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Swot railway.png|SWOT Analysis on Eco train
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|synthesis drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|synthesis drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|synthesis drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''Please reflect on your collaborative design process. Which potentials have you encountered? What was most difficult? What does collaborative design mean for you? (approx 150 words).''

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Jeju eco train 2.jpg|Jeju Island Eco Train
Image:East coastal line.jpg|Single track east coastal line in Korea
Image:Nativecamp.jpg|Jungle Camp, by Poring Hot Springs, Mt Kinabalu
Image:Roodkhan Fotress Way.jpg|Roodkhan Fotress Way,Iran
</gallery>

== References ==
''* Please make sure that you give proper references of all external resources used.''

''* Do not use images of which you do not hold the copyright.''

''* Please add internet links to other resources if necessary.''

----
[[Category:Planting Design 2013 Collaborative Design]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Collaborative Design Planting Design Working Group 6

2014-01-21T20:58:26Z

Maria.fernanda: /* What are the objectives of your design? */

---> back to group page [[Planting_Design_2013_-_Working_Group_6|working group 6]]

'''''Tayrona National Natural Park: Natural environments, and how they return us to our roots.'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Tayrona National Natural Park''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Colombian Caribbean - Magdalena''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Colombia''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''María Fernanda González Duque''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:p.tayrona.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=11.296934
|lng=-74.166496
|zoom=8
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

The Tayrona National Natural Park (Spanish: Parque Nacional Natural Tayrona), is located in the Department of Magdalena, north of Colombia, in the Caribbean sea. With approximately 30 Km2 of maritime area and 150 Km2 of land area, is one of the most visited Natural parks of this country. Its extension goes from Taganga (western side) trough the coastline, until the Piedras River (eastern side).

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:t.mapa.jpg|''Park Location''
Image:t.mapa2.jpg
Image:t.mapa3.jpg
</gallery>

*'''''Biogeography''':
'''''Ecosystems''''':
Due to the different altitudes presents around the park and the pyramid shape of the mountains, we can find temperatures between 25º and 32º, these conditions makes the park have a very dry or wet weather; here we can find tropical rainforest, dry forest, spiny forest, submontane forest, cloud forest and several ecosystems, such as Mangroves, Seagrasses, Coral reefs, Rocky coastline, Lagoons, etc.

'''''Hydrography''''':
Consists of two drainage systems, the maritime one is formed by a set of small streams and creeks that flow into the sea and the continental one is formed by the streams that flow into the Rio Piedras.

'''''Flora and Fauna''''':
The park has a natural wealth flora of over 350 maritime species and 770 terrestrial along with an extensive fauna, 15 species of amphibians, 202 species of sponges, 471 species of crustaceans, 96 species of annuals, 700 species of molluscs, 110 species of corals and 401 species of sea and river fish, 108 species of mammals, 300 species of birds, 70 species of bats, 31 species of reptiles. The coastal zone has the greatest wealth of marine vegetation of the whole Colombian Caribbean, with more than 31 types of different plants

*'''''Cultural features''''':
'''''History''''':
The Tayrona, an ancient indigenous group of chiefdoms, dwelled this region (Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta) between the 800 a.C. and the 1600 a.C., before the arrival of the Spanish in Colombia, their economy was based on agriculture of fruital trees, corn crops and plants. They developed their civilization at 900 - 2000 meters above the sea, due to the mild climate and the variety of local products.

1498: First contact between indigenous and Spanish with Fernando González de Oviedo.

1525: Foundation of Santa Marta city.

1525-1599: Instability between Tayronas and Spanish which led to intense periods of conflict and war.

1600: Beginning of the decimation of the indigenous in hands of the Spanish.

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:t1.jpg|''Ilustration: Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta''
Image:t2.jpg|''Ilustration: The population''
Image:t3.jpg|''Ilustration: The cities''
Image:t4.jpg|''Ilustration: Period of conflict with the Spanish''
</gallery>

The survivors of this decimation were interned in the highest parts of the massif to escape from the Spanish; their descendants are the Kogi, who has maintained themselves isolated so far.

1973: A grave robber, found Lost City (Spanish: Ciudad Perdida).

1976: A Colombian scientific expedition arrived to the Lost City and begging with a process of restoration and conservation of the archaeological remains and the terraces of the city and the entire park.

1979: Is declared a Biosphere reserve of humanity by UNESCO

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:k1.jpg|''Tayronas descendants, The Koguis''
Image:k2.jpg|''Kogui's Houses''
Image:k3.jpg|''Kogui's cities''

</gallery>

The Eco-tourism there, is a great way to being interest and economic infrastructure to the reserve, without causing any damage to the ecosystem. It is amazing to be able to witness such a variety of ecosystems and also the archaeological remains of a Tayrona city of pre-colombian Colombia, the white sand beaches and waters in deep blue, gives great natural and historical diversity to the landscape.''

== What are the objectives of your design? ==

''Please give a short written argumentation (not more than 150 words). It is ok if you have different or even contradicting objectives within your group. Just make it explicit at the beginning of your process ''

■ Accessibility Improvement Plan with Eco Train

One of the issues in Tayrona National Natural Park is accessibility. There are only two ways to access with boat or on foot through trail course and both takes about 1 hr. In case of boat, it is limited by tide. To improve accessibility, I want to suggest eco train in Tayrona National Natural Park. Train is the most eco friendly transportation and it is already introduced in primeval forest in Jeju Island, Korea. It minimizes the effects on forest with single lane narrow mini train but provide a great experience for tourist to observe virgin nature of volcanic forest.

To minimize interference on nature in Tayrona Park, it is strongly recommended to set buffer zone along coastal line, where the most popular spots exist and plan the lane of train inside of buffer zone. Train is operated regularly and it is possible to restrict people explore outside of buffer zone so core area of nature would be preserved efficiently. Furthermore, guide explanation in the train could help tourist understand cultural and historical background.

■ Sustained ecotourism focused around modified beach accessibility

Because there already is very limited access to large parts of the natural park, there is a lot of pressure to the areas that are open to visitors, especially the beaches. To prevent the beaches getting littered and the coral reefs getting damaged/destroyed, I'd like to propose a few design interventions to spread the visitors over a larger area of the nature park, keeping in mind not to disturb the flora and fauna too much. For that, wooden decks would be used to make very inaccessible areas such as the mangroves or steep hills more in reach of ecotourist or locals. Boulders and rocks can be used to prevent access to over-used beaches, (temporarily) allowing them to recover. Small boats leaving from a boathouse could also transport people to remote areas for a small fee, which can then be used for the preservation of the park. Hiking trails could be expanded, with the compulsive use of guides to prevent disturbing wildlife or getting into dangerous situations. The area is large enough for 3 to 4-day hiking routes, something I've seen to be very popular in South Africa, whilst being ecologically tolerable.

■ Mitigating issues of rubbish and improving camping areas

More than 27.000 tourists visit the Tayrona National Natural Park per year, producing more than 120 tonnes of rubbish, this had become a problem because there are just 30 people in charge of the rubbish collection, and they have to go trough thinand remote paths. The most problematic areas are the beaches of Arrecifes and Cañaveral, where most of the tourist stay when they visit the park. Also indigenous are starting to consum food from outside the park, food cover by plastic wrppers, glass bottles, etc, and they do know what to do with this kind of rubbish, so they are burring it. To solve this problem they are recyling the plastic, glass, and other kind of materials in sisal sack to then take it out of the park. My proposal to make this more efective is to divide the park in sectors each sector will have new stone pedestrian routes to leads to collection point in the shore line; then the rubbish collection will be easier and

== Analytical drawings ==

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:a1.jpg|Elevation of the Park, main different heights
Image:Accessibility.png|Accessibility and Improvement Plan
Image:Tayrona_analysis1.jpg|Different natural areas
Image:|Hiking Trail & Native Camps
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Railway in tayrona.png|Railway and Planting Plan
Image:Tayrona_futuresketch.jpg|Beach accessibility & Improvements
Image:Analysis1.jpg|Hiking Trails & Native Camps
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|projective drawing 4
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==
''Please analyse the individual approaches presented so far and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses (you may use the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis SWOT]analysis model). Try to create a synthesis and represent it with a plan and some sketches. You can still use drawings/sketches.''

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Swot railway.png|SWOT Analysis on Eco train
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|synthesis drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|synthesis drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|synthesis drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''Please reflect on your collaborative design process. Which potentials have you encountered? What was most difficult? What does collaborative design mean for you? (approx 150 words).''

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Jeju eco train 2.jpg|Jeju Island Eco Train
Image:East coastal line.jpg|Single track east coastal line in Korea
Image:Nativecamp.jpg|Jungle Camp, by Poring Hot Springs, Mt Kinabalu
Image:Roodkhan Fotress Way.jpg|Roodkhan Fotress Way,Iran
</gallery>

== References ==
''* Please make sure that you give proper references of all external resources used.''

''* Do not use images of which you do not hold the copyright.''

''* Please add internet links to other resources if necessary.''

----
[[Category:Planting Design 2013 Collaborative Design]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Collaborative Design Planting Design Working Group 6

2014-01-21T20:50:09Z

Maria.fernanda: /* What are the objectives of your design? */

---> back to group page [[Planting_Design_2013_-_Working_Group_6|working group 6]]

'''''Tayrona National Natural Park: Natural environments, and how they return us to our roots.'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Tayrona National Natural Park''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Colombian Caribbean - Magdalena''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Colombia''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''María Fernanda González Duque''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:p.tayrona.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=11.296934
|lng=-74.166496
|zoom=8
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

The Tayrona National Natural Park (Spanish: Parque Nacional Natural Tayrona), is located in the Department of Magdalena, north of Colombia, in the Caribbean sea. With approximately 30 Km2 of maritime area and 150 Km2 of land area, is one of the most visited Natural parks of this country. Its extension goes from Taganga (western side) trough the coastline, until the Piedras River (eastern side).

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:t.mapa.jpg|''Park Location''
Image:t.mapa2.jpg
Image:t.mapa3.jpg
</gallery>

*'''''Biogeography''':
'''''Ecosystems''''':
Due to the different altitudes presents around the park and the pyramid shape of the mountains, we can find temperatures between 25º and 32º, these conditions makes the park have a very dry or wet weather; here we can find tropical rainforest, dry forest, spiny forest, submontane forest, cloud forest and several ecosystems, such as Mangroves, Seagrasses, Coral reefs, Rocky coastline, Lagoons, etc.

'''''Hydrography''''':
Consists of two drainage systems, the maritime one is formed by a set of small streams and creeks that flow into the sea and the continental one is formed by the streams that flow into the Rio Piedras.

'''''Flora and Fauna''''':
The park has a natural wealth flora of over 350 maritime species and 770 terrestrial along with an extensive fauna, 15 species of amphibians, 202 species of sponges, 471 species of crustaceans, 96 species of annuals, 700 species of molluscs, 110 species of corals and 401 species of sea and river fish, 108 species of mammals, 300 species of birds, 70 species of bats, 31 species of reptiles. The coastal zone has the greatest wealth of marine vegetation of the whole Colombian Caribbean, with more than 31 types of different plants

*'''''Cultural features''''':
'''''History''''':
The Tayrona, an ancient indigenous group of chiefdoms, dwelled this region (Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta) between the 800 a.C. and the 1600 a.C., before the arrival of the Spanish in Colombia, their economy was based on agriculture of fruital trees, corn crops and plants. They developed their civilization at 900 - 2000 meters above the sea, due to the mild climate and the variety of local products.

1498: First contact between indigenous and Spanish with Fernando González de Oviedo.

1525: Foundation of Santa Marta city.

1525-1599: Instability between Tayronas and Spanish which led to intense periods of conflict and war.

1600: Beginning of the decimation of the indigenous in hands of the Spanish.

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:t1.jpg|''Ilustration: Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta''
Image:t2.jpg|''Ilustration: The population''
Image:t3.jpg|''Ilustration: The cities''
Image:t4.jpg|''Ilustration: Period of conflict with the Spanish''
</gallery>

The survivors of this decimation were interned in the highest parts of the massif to escape from the Spanish; their descendants are the Kogi, who has maintained themselves isolated so far.

1973: A grave robber, found Lost City (Spanish: Ciudad Perdida).

1976: A Colombian scientific expedition arrived to the Lost City and begging with a process of restoration and conservation of the archaeological remains and the terraces of the city and the entire park.

1979: Is declared a Biosphere reserve of humanity by UNESCO

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:k1.jpg|''Tayronas descendants, The Koguis''
Image:k2.jpg|''Kogui's Houses''
Image:k3.jpg|''Kogui's cities''

</gallery>

The Eco-tourism there, is a great way to being interest and economic infrastructure to the reserve, without causing any damage to the ecosystem. It is amazing to be able to witness such a variety of ecosystems and also the archaeological remains of a Tayrona city of pre-colombian Colombia, the white sand beaches and waters in deep blue, gives great natural and historical diversity to the landscape.''

== What are the objectives of your design? ==

''Please give a short written argumentation (not more than 150 words). It is ok if you have different or even contradicting objectives within your group. Just make it explicit at the beginning of your process ''

■ Accessibility Improvement Plan with Eco Train

One of the issues in Tayrona National Natural Park is accessibility. There are only two ways to access with boat or on foot through trail course and both takes about 1 hr. In case of boat, it is limited by tide. To improve accessibility, I want to suggest eco train in Tayrona National Natural Park. Train is the most eco friendly transportation and it is already introduced in primeval forest in Jeju Island, Korea. It minimizes the effects on forest with single lane narrow mini train but provide a great experience for tourist to observe virgin nature of volcanic forest.

To minimize interference on nature in Tayrona Park, it is strongly recommended to set buffer zone along coastal line, where the most popular spots exist and plan the lane of train inside of buffer zone. Train is operated regularly and it is possible to restrict people explore outside of buffer zone so core area of nature would be preserved efficiently. Furthermore, guide explanation in the train could help tourist understand cultural and historical background.

■ Sustained ecotourism focused around modified beach accessibility

Because there already is very limited access to large parts of the natural park, there is a lot of pressure to the areas that are open to visitors, especially the beaches. To prevent the beaches getting littered and the coral reefs getting damaged/destroyed, I'd like to propose a few design interventions to spread the visitors over a larger area of the nature park, keeping in mind not to disturb the flora and fauna too much. For that, wooden decks would be used to make very inaccessible areas such as the mangroves or steep hills more in reach of ecotourist or locals. Boulders and rocks can be used to prevent access to over-used beaches, (temporarily) allowing them to recover. Small boats leaving from a boathouse could also transport people to remote areas for a small fee, which can then be used for the preservation of the park. Hiking trails could be expanded, with the compulsive use of guides to prevent disturbing wildlife or getting into dangerous situations. The area is large enough for 3 to 4-day hiking routes, something I've seen to be very popular in South Africa, whilst being ecologically tolerable.

■ Mitigating issues of rubbish and improving camping areas

More than 27.000 tourists visit the Tayrona National Natural Park per year, producing more than 120 tonnes of rubbish, this had become a problem because there are just 30 people in charge of the rubbish collection, and they have to go trough thinand remote paths. The most problematic areas are the beaches of Arrecifes and Cañaveral, where most of the tourist stay when they visit the park. Also indigenous are starting to consum food from outside the park, food cover by plastic wrppers, glass bottles, etc, and they do know what to do with this kind of rubbish, so they are burring it. To solve this problem they are recyling the plastic, glass, and other kind of materials in sisal sack to then take it out of the park.

== Analytical drawings ==

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:a1.jpg|Elevation of the Park, main different heights
Image:Accessibility.png|Accessibility and Improvement Plan
Image:Tayrona_analysis1.jpg|Different natural areas
Image:|Hiking Trail & Native Camps
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Railway in tayrona.png|Railway and Planting Plan
Image:Tayrona_futuresketch.jpg|Beach accessibility & Improvements
Image:Analysis1.jpg|Hiking Trails & Native Camps
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|projective drawing 4
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==
''Please analyse the individual approaches presented so far and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses (you may use the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis SWOT]analysis model). Try to create a synthesis and represent it with a plan and some sketches. You can still use drawings/sketches.''

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Swot railway.png|SWOT Analysis on Eco train
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|synthesis drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|synthesis drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|synthesis drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''Please reflect on your collaborative design process. Which potentials have you encountered? What was most difficult? What does collaborative design mean for you? (approx 150 words).''

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Jeju eco train 2.jpg|Jeju Island Eco Train
Image:East coastal line.jpg|Single track east coastal line in Korea
Image:Nativecamp.jpg|Jungle Camp, by Poring Hot Springs, Mt Kinabalu
Image:Roodkhan Fotress Way.jpg|Roodkhan Fotress Way,Iran
</gallery>

== References ==
''* Please make sure that you give proper references of all external resources used.''

''* Do not use images of which you do not hold the copyright.''

''* Please add internet links to other resources if necessary.''

----
[[Category:Planting Design 2013 Collaborative Design]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Collaborative Design Planting Design Working Group 6

2014-01-21T20:47:29Z

Maria.fernanda: /* What are the objectives of your design? */

---> back to group page [[Planting_Design_2013_-_Working_Group_6|working group 6]]

'''''Tayrona National Natural Park: Natural environments, and how they return us to our roots.'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Tayrona National Natural Park''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Colombian Caribbean - Magdalena''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Colombia''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''María Fernanda González Duque''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:p.tayrona.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=11.296934
|lng=-74.166496
|zoom=8
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

The Tayrona National Natural Park (Spanish: Parque Nacional Natural Tayrona), is located in the Department of Magdalena, north of Colombia, in the Caribbean sea. With approximately 30 Km2 of maritime area and 150 Km2 of land area, is one of the most visited Natural parks of this country. Its extension goes from Taganga (western side) trough the coastline, until the Piedras River (eastern side).

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:t.mapa.jpg|''Park Location''
Image:t.mapa2.jpg
Image:t.mapa3.jpg
</gallery>

*'''''Biogeography''':
'''''Ecosystems''''':
Due to the different altitudes presents around the park and the pyramid shape of the mountains, we can find temperatures between 25º and 32º, these conditions makes the park have a very dry or wet weather; here we can find tropical rainforest, dry forest, spiny forest, submontane forest, cloud forest and several ecosystems, such as Mangroves, Seagrasses, Coral reefs, Rocky coastline, Lagoons, etc.

'''''Hydrography''''':
Consists of two drainage systems, the maritime one is formed by a set of small streams and creeks that flow into the sea and the continental one is formed by the streams that flow into the Rio Piedras.

'''''Flora and Fauna''''':
The park has a natural wealth flora of over 350 maritime species and 770 terrestrial along with an extensive fauna, 15 species of amphibians, 202 species of sponges, 471 species of crustaceans, 96 species of annuals, 700 species of molluscs, 110 species of corals and 401 species of sea and river fish, 108 species of mammals, 300 species of birds, 70 species of bats, 31 species of reptiles. The coastal zone has the greatest wealth of marine vegetation of the whole Colombian Caribbean, with more than 31 types of different plants

*'''''Cultural features''''':
'''''History''''':
The Tayrona, an ancient indigenous group of chiefdoms, dwelled this region (Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta) between the 800 a.C. and the 1600 a.C., before the arrival of the Spanish in Colombia, their economy was based on agriculture of fruital trees, corn crops and plants. They developed their civilization at 900 - 2000 meters above the sea, due to the mild climate and the variety of local products.

1498: First contact between indigenous and Spanish with Fernando González de Oviedo.

1525: Foundation of Santa Marta city.

1525-1599: Instability between Tayronas and Spanish which led to intense periods of conflict and war.

1600: Beginning of the decimation of the indigenous in hands of the Spanish.

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:t1.jpg|''Ilustration: Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta''
Image:t2.jpg|''Ilustration: The population''
Image:t3.jpg|''Ilustration: The cities''
Image:t4.jpg|''Ilustration: Period of conflict with the Spanish''
</gallery>

The survivors of this decimation were interned in the highest parts of the massif to escape from the Spanish; their descendants are the Kogi, who has maintained themselves isolated so far.

1973: A grave robber, found Lost City (Spanish: Ciudad Perdida).

1976: A Colombian scientific expedition arrived to the Lost City and begging with a process of restoration and conservation of the archaeological remains and the terraces of the city and the entire park.

1979: Is declared a Biosphere reserve of humanity by UNESCO

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:k1.jpg|''Tayronas descendants, The Koguis''
Image:k2.jpg|''Kogui's Houses''
Image:k3.jpg|''Kogui's cities''

</gallery>

The Eco-tourism there, is a great way to being interest and economic infrastructure to the reserve, without causing any damage to the ecosystem. It is amazing to be able to witness such a variety of ecosystems and also the archaeological remains of a Tayrona city of pre-colombian Colombia, the white sand beaches and waters in deep blue, gives great natural and historical diversity to the landscape.''

== What are the objectives of your design? ==

''Please give a short written argumentation (not more than 150 words). It is ok if you have different or even contradicting objectives within your group. Just make it explicit at the beginning of your process ''

■ Accessibility Improvement Plan with Eco Train

One of the issues in Tayrona National Natural Park is accessibility. There are only two ways to access with boat or on foot through trail course and both takes about 1 hr. In case of boat, it is limited by tide. To improve accessibility, I want to suggest eco train in Tayrona National Natural Park. Train is the most eco friendly transportation and it is already introduced in primeval forest in Jeju Island, Korea. It minimizes the effects on forest with single lane narrow mini train but provide a great experience for tourist to observe virgin nature of volcanic forest.

To minimize interference on nature in Tayrona Park, it is strongly recommended to set buffer zone along coastal line, where the most popular spots exist and plan the lane of train inside of buffer zone. Train is operated regularly and it is possible to restrict people explore outside of buffer zone so core area of nature would be preserved efficiently. Furthermore, guide explanation in the train could help tourist understand cultural and historical background.

■ Sustained ecotourism focused around modified beach accessibility

Because there already is very limited access to large parts of the natural park, there is a lot of pressure to the areas that are open to visitors, especially the beaches. To prevent the beaches getting littered and the coral reefs getting damaged/destroyed, I'd like to propose a few design interventions to spread the visitors over a larger area of the nature park, keeping in mind not to disturb the flora and fauna too much. For that, wooden decks would be used to make very inaccessible areas such as the mangroves or steep hills more in reach of ecotourist or locals. Boulders and rocks can be used to prevent access to over-used beaches, (temporarily) allowing them to recover. Small boats leaving from a boathouse could also transport people to remote areas for a small fee, which can then be used for the preservation of the park. Hiking trails could be expanded, with the compulsive use of guides to prevent disturbing wildlife or getting into dangerous situations. The area is large enough for 3 to 4-day hiking routes, something I've seen to be very popular in South Africa, whilst being ecologically tolerable.

■ Mitigating issues of rubbish and improving camping areas

More than 27.000 tourists visit the Tayrona National Natural Park per year, producing more than 120 tonnes of rubbish, this had become a problem because there are just 30 people in charge of the rubbish collection, and they have to go trough thinand remote paths. The most problematic areas are the beaches of Arrecifes and Cañaveral, where most of the tourist stay when they visit the park. Also indigenous are starting to consum food from outside the park, food cover by plastic wrppers, glass bottles, etc, and they do know what to do with this kind of rubbish, so they are burring it

== Analytical drawings ==

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:a1.jpg|Elevation of the Park, main different heights
Image:Accessibility.png|Accessibility and Improvement Plan
Image:Tayrona_analysis1.jpg|Different natural areas
Image:|Hiking Trail & Native Camps
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Railway in tayrona.png|Railway and Planting Plan
Image:Tayrona_futuresketch.jpg|Beach accessibility & Improvements
Image:Analysis1.jpg|Hiking Trails & Native Camps
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|projective drawing 4
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==
''Please analyse the individual approaches presented so far and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses (you may use the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis SWOT]analysis model). Try to create a synthesis and represent it with a plan and some sketches. You can still use drawings/sketches.''

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Swot railway.png|SWOT Analysis on Eco train
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|synthesis drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|synthesis drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|synthesis drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''Please reflect on your collaborative design process. Which potentials have you encountered? What was most difficult? What does collaborative design mean for you? (approx 150 words).''

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Jeju eco train 2.jpg|Jeju Island Eco Train
Image:East coastal line.jpg|Single track east coastal line in Korea
Image:Nativecamp.jpg|Jungle Camp, by Poring Hot Springs, Mt Kinabalu
Image:Roodkhan Fotress Way.jpg|Roodkhan Fotress Way,Iran
</gallery>

== References ==
''* Please make sure that you give proper references of all external resources used.''

''* Do not use images of which you do not hold the copyright.''

''* Please add internet links to other resources if necessary.''

----
[[Category:Planting Design 2013 Collaborative Design]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Collaborative Design Planting Design Working Group 6

2014-01-21T20:45:16Z

Maria.fernanda: /* What are the objectives of your design? */

---> back to group page [[Planting_Design_2013_-_Working_Group_6|working group 6]]

'''''Tayrona National Natural Park: Natural environments, and how they return us to our roots.'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Tayrona National Natural Park''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Colombian Caribbean - Magdalena''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Colombia''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''María Fernanda González Duque''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:p.tayrona.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=11.296934
|lng=-74.166496
|zoom=8
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

The Tayrona National Natural Park (Spanish: Parque Nacional Natural Tayrona), is located in the Department of Magdalena, north of Colombia, in the Caribbean sea. With approximately 30 Km2 of maritime area and 150 Km2 of land area, is one of the most visited Natural parks of this country. Its extension goes from Taganga (western side) trough the coastline, until the Piedras River (eastern side).

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:t.mapa.jpg|''Park Location''
Image:t.mapa2.jpg
Image:t.mapa3.jpg
</gallery>

*'''''Biogeography''':
'''''Ecosystems''''':
Due to the different altitudes presents around the park and the pyramid shape of the mountains, we can find temperatures between 25º and 32º, these conditions makes the park have a very dry or wet weather; here we can find tropical rainforest, dry forest, spiny forest, submontane forest, cloud forest and several ecosystems, such as Mangroves, Seagrasses, Coral reefs, Rocky coastline, Lagoons, etc.

'''''Hydrography''''':
Consists of two drainage systems, the maritime one is formed by a set of small streams and creeks that flow into the sea and the continental one is formed by the streams that flow into the Rio Piedras.

'''''Flora and Fauna''''':
The park has a natural wealth flora of over 350 maritime species and 770 terrestrial along with an extensive fauna, 15 species of amphibians, 202 species of sponges, 471 species of crustaceans, 96 species of annuals, 700 species of molluscs, 110 species of corals and 401 species of sea and river fish, 108 species of mammals, 300 species of birds, 70 species of bats, 31 species of reptiles. The coastal zone has the greatest wealth of marine vegetation of the whole Colombian Caribbean, with more than 31 types of different plants

*'''''Cultural features''''':
'''''History''''':
The Tayrona, an ancient indigenous group of chiefdoms, dwelled this region (Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta) between the 800 a.C. and the 1600 a.C., before the arrival of the Spanish in Colombia, their economy was based on agriculture of fruital trees, corn crops and plants. They developed their civilization at 900 - 2000 meters above the sea, due to the mild climate and the variety of local products.

1498: First contact between indigenous and Spanish with Fernando González de Oviedo.

1525: Foundation of Santa Marta city.

1525-1599: Instability between Tayronas and Spanish which led to intense periods of conflict and war.

1600: Beginning of the decimation of the indigenous in hands of the Spanish.

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:t1.jpg|''Ilustration: Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta''
Image:t2.jpg|''Ilustration: The population''
Image:t3.jpg|''Ilustration: The cities''
Image:t4.jpg|''Ilustration: Period of conflict with the Spanish''
</gallery>

The survivors of this decimation were interned in the highest parts of the massif to escape from the Spanish; their descendants are the Kogi, who has maintained themselves isolated so far.

1973: A grave robber, found Lost City (Spanish: Ciudad Perdida).

1976: A Colombian scientific expedition arrived to the Lost City and begging with a process of restoration and conservation of the archaeological remains and the terraces of the city and the entire park.

1979: Is declared a Biosphere reserve of humanity by UNESCO

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:k1.jpg|''Tayronas descendants, The Koguis''
Image:k2.jpg|''Kogui's Houses''
Image:k3.jpg|''Kogui's cities''

</gallery>

The Eco-tourism there, is a great way to being interest and economic infrastructure to the reserve, without causing any damage to the ecosystem. It is amazing to be able to witness such a variety of ecosystems and also the archaeological remains of a Tayrona city of pre-colombian Colombia, the white sand beaches and waters in deep blue, gives great natural and historical diversity to the landscape.''

== What are the objectives of your design? ==

''Please give a short written argumentation (not more than 150 words). It is ok if you have different or even contradicting objectives within your group. Just make it explicit at the beginning of your process ''

■ Accessibility Improvement Plan with Eco Train

One of the issues in Tayrona National Natural Park is accessibility. There are only two ways to access with boat or on foot through trail course and both takes about 1 hr. In case of boat, it is limited by tide. To improve accessibility, I want to suggest eco train in Tayrona National Natural Park. Train is the most eco friendly transportation and it is already introduced in primeval forest in Jeju Island, Korea. It minimizes the effects on forest with single lane narrow mini train but provide a great experience for tourist to observe virgin nature of volcanic forest.

To minimize interference on nature in Tayrona Park, it is strongly recommended to set buffer zone along coastal line, where the most popular spots exist and plan the lane of train inside of buffer zone. Train is operated regularly and it is possible to restrict people explore outside of buffer zone so core area of nature would be preserved efficiently. Furthermore, guide explanation in the train could help tourist understand cultural and historical background.

■ Sustained ecotourism focused around modified beach accessibility

Because there already is very limited access to large parts of the natural park, there is a lot of pressure to the areas that are open to visitors, especially the beaches. To prevent the beaches getting littered and the coral reefs getting damaged/destroyed, I'd like to propose a few design interventions to spread the visitors over a larger area of the nature park, keeping in mind not to disturb the flora and fauna too much. For that, wooden decks would be used to make very inaccessible areas such as the mangroves or steep hills more in reach of ecotourist or locals. Boulders and rocks can be used to prevent access to over-used beaches, (temporarily) allowing them to recover. Small boats leaving from a boathouse could also transport people to remote areas for a small fee, which can then be used for the preservation of the park. Hiking trails could be expanded, with the compulsive use of guides to prevent disturbing wildlife or getting into dangerous situations. The area is large enough for 3 to 4-day hiking routes, something I've seen to be very popular in South Africa, whilst being ecologically tolerable.

■ Mitigating issues of rubbish and improving camping areas

More than 27.000 tourists visit the Tayrona National Natural Park per year, producing more than 120 tonnes of rubbish, this had become a problem because there are just 30 people in charge of the rubbish collection, and they have to go trough thinand remote paths. The most problematic areas are the beaches of Arrecifes and Cañaveral, where most of the tourist stay when they visit the park

== Analytical drawings ==

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:a1.jpg|Elevation of the Park, main different heights
Image:Accessibility.png|Accessibility and Improvement Plan
Image:Tayrona_analysis1.jpg|Different natural areas
Image:|Hiking Trail & Native Camps
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Railway in tayrona.png|Railway and Planting Plan
Image:Tayrona_futuresketch.jpg|Beach accessibility & Improvements
Image:Analysis1.jpg|Hiking Trails & Native Camps
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|projective drawing 4
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==
''Please analyse the individual approaches presented so far and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses (you may use the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis SWOT]analysis model). Try to create a synthesis and represent it with a plan and some sketches. You can still use drawings/sketches.''

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Swot railway.png|SWOT Analysis on Eco train
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|synthesis drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|synthesis drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|synthesis drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''Please reflect on your collaborative design process. Which potentials have you encountered? What was most difficult? What does collaborative design mean for you? (approx 150 words).''

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Jeju eco train 2.jpg|Jeju Island Eco Train
Image:East coastal line.jpg|Single track east coastal line in Korea
Image:Nativecamp.jpg|Jungle Camp, by Poring Hot Springs, Mt Kinabalu
Image:Roodkhan Fotress Way.jpg|Roodkhan Fotress Way,Iran
</gallery>

== References ==
''* Please make sure that you give proper references of all external resources used.''

''* Do not use images of which you do not hold the copyright.''

''* Please add internet links to other resources if necessary.''

----
[[Category:Planting Design 2013 Collaborative Design]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Collaborative Design Planting Design Working Group 6

2014-01-21T20:43:35Z

Maria.fernanda: /* What are the objectives of your design? */

---> back to group page [[Planting_Design_2013_-_Working_Group_6|working group 6]]

'''''Tayrona National Natural Park: Natural environments, and how they return us to our roots.'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Tayrona National Natural Park''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Colombian Caribbean - Magdalena''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Colombia''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''María Fernanda González Duque''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:p.tayrona.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=11.296934
|lng=-74.166496
|zoom=8
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

The Tayrona National Natural Park (Spanish: Parque Nacional Natural Tayrona), is located in the Department of Magdalena, north of Colombia, in the Caribbean sea. With approximately 30 Km2 of maritime area and 150 Km2 of land area, is one of the most visited Natural parks of this country. Its extension goes from Taganga (western side) trough the coastline, until the Piedras River (eastern side).

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:t.mapa.jpg|''Park Location''
Image:t.mapa2.jpg
Image:t.mapa3.jpg
</gallery>

*'''''Biogeography''':
'''''Ecosystems''''':
Due to the different altitudes presents around the park and the pyramid shape of the mountains, we can find temperatures between 25º and 32º, these conditions makes the park have a very dry or wet weather; here we can find tropical rainforest, dry forest, spiny forest, submontane forest, cloud forest and several ecosystems, such as Mangroves, Seagrasses, Coral reefs, Rocky coastline, Lagoons, etc.

'''''Hydrography''''':
Consists of two drainage systems, the maritime one is formed by a set of small streams and creeks that flow into the sea and the continental one is formed by the streams that flow into the Rio Piedras.

'''''Flora and Fauna''''':
The park has a natural wealth flora of over 350 maritime species and 770 terrestrial along with an extensive fauna, 15 species of amphibians, 202 species of sponges, 471 species of crustaceans, 96 species of annuals, 700 species of molluscs, 110 species of corals and 401 species of sea and river fish, 108 species of mammals, 300 species of birds, 70 species of bats, 31 species of reptiles. The coastal zone has the greatest wealth of marine vegetation of the whole Colombian Caribbean, with more than 31 types of different plants

*'''''Cultural features''''':
'''''History''''':
The Tayrona, an ancient indigenous group of chiefdoms, dwelled this region (Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta) between the 800 a.C. and the 1600 a.C., before the arrival of the Spanish in Colombia, their economy was based on agriculture of fruital trees, corn crops and plants. They developed their civilization at 900 - 2000 meters above the sea, due to the mild climate and the variety of local products.

1498: First contact between indigenous and Spanish with Fernando González de Oviedo.

1525: Foundation of Santa Marta city.

1525-1599: Instability between Tayronas and Spanish which led to intense periods of conflict and war.

1600: Beginning of the decimation of the indigenous in hands of the Spanish.

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:t1.jpg|''Ilustration: Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta''
Image:t2.jpg|''Ilustration: The population''
Image:t3.jpg|''Ilustration: The cities''
Image:t4.jpg|''Ilustration: Period of conflict with the Spanish''
</gallery>

The survivors of this decimation were interned in the highest parts of the massif to escape from the Spanish; their descendants are the Kogi, who has maintained themselves isolated so far.

1973: A grave robber, found Lost City (Spanish: Ciudad Perdida).

1976: A Colombian scientific expedition arrived to the Lost City and begging with a process of restoration and conservation of the archaeological remains and the terraces of the city and the entire park.

1979: Is declared a Biosphere reserve of humanity by UNESCO

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:k1.jpg|''Tayronas descendants, The Koguis''
Image:k2.jpg|''Kogui's Houses''
Image:k3.jpg|''Kogui's cities''

</gallery>

The Eco-tourism there, is a great way to being interest and economic infrastructure to the reserve, without causing any damage to the ecosystem. It is amazing to be able to witness such a variety of ecosystems and also the archaeological remains of a Tayrona city of pre-colombian Colombia, the white sand beaches and waters in deep blue, gives great natural and historical diversity to the landscape.''

== What are the objectives of your design? ==

''Please give a short written argumentation (not more than 150 words). It is ok if you have different or even contradicting objectives within your group. Just make it explicit at the beginning of your process ''

■ Accessibility Improvement Plan with Eco Train

One of the issues in Tayrona National Natural Park is accessibility. There are only two ways to access with boat or on foot through trail course and both takes about 1 hr. In case of boat, it is limited by tide. To improve accessibility, I want to suggest eco train in Tayrona National Natural Park. Train is the most eco friendly transportation and it is already introduced in primeval forest in Jeju Island, Korea. It minimizes the effects on forest with single lane narrow mini train but provide a great experience for tourist to observe virgin nature of volcanic forest.

To minimize interference on nature in Tayrona Park, it is strongly recommended to set buffer zone along coastal line, where the most popular spots exist and plan the lane of train inside of buffer zone. Train is operated regularly and it is possible to restrict people explore outside of buffer zone so core area of nature would be preserved efficiently. Furthermore, guide explanation in the train could help tourist understand cultural and historical background.

■ Sustained ecotourism focused around modified beach accessibility

Because there already is very limited access to large parts of the natural park, there is a lot of pressure to the areas that are open to visitors, especially the beaches. To prevent the beaches getting littered and the coral reefs getting damaged/destroyed, I'd like to propose a few design interventions to spread the visitors over a larger area of the nature park, keeping in mind not to disturb the flora and fauna too much. For that, wooden decks would be used to make very inaccessible areas such as the mangroves or steep hills more in reach of ecotourist or locals. Boulders and rocks can be used to prevent access to over-used beaches, (temporarily) allowing them to recover. Small boats leaving from a boathouse could also transport people to remote areas for a small fee, which can then be used for the preservation of the park. Hiking trails could be expanded, with the compulsive use of guides to prevent disturbing wildlife or getting into dangerous situations. The area is large enough for 3 to 4-day hiking routes, something I've seen to be very popular in South Africa, whilst being ecologically tolerable.

■ Mitigating issues of rubbish and improving camping areas

More than 27.000 tourists visit the Tirana National Natural Park per year, producing more than 120 tonnes of rubbish, this had become a problem because there are just 30 people in charge of the rubbish collection, and they have to go trough thin pats

== Analytical drawings ==

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:a1.jpg|Elevation of the Park, main different heights
Image:Accessibility.png|Accessibility and Improvement Plan
Image:Tayrona_analysis1.jpg|Different natural areas
Image:|Hiking Trail & Native Camps
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Railway in tayrona.png|Railway and Planting Plan
Image:Tayrona_futuresketch.jpg|Beach accessibility & Improvements
Image:Analysis1.jpg|Hiking Trails & Native Camps
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|projective drawing 4
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==
''Please analyse the individual approaches presented so far and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses (you may use the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis SWOT]analysis model). Try to create a synthesis and represent it with a plan and some sketches. You can still use drawings/sketches.''

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Swot railway.png|SWOT Analysis on Eco train
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|synthesis drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|synthesis drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|synthesis drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''Please reflect on your collaborative design process. Which potentials have you encountered? What was most difficult? What does collaborative design mean for you? (approx 150 words).''

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Jeju eco train 2.jpg|Jeju Island Eco Train
Image:East coastal line.jpg|Single track east coastal line in Korea
Image:Nativecamp.jpg|Jungle Camp, by Poring Hot Springs, Mt Kinabalu
Image:Roodkhan Fotress Way.jpg|Roodkhan Fotress Way,Iran
</gallery>

== References ==
''* Please make sure that you give proper references of all external resources used.''

''* Do not use images of which you do not hold the copyright.''

''* Please add internet links to other resources if necessary.''

----
[[Category:Planting Design 2013 Collaborative Design]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Collaborative Design Planting Design Working Group 6

2014-01-21T19:48:35Z

Maria.fernanda: /* Projective drawings */

---> back to group page [[Planting_Design_2013_-_Working_Group_6|working group 6]]

'''''Tayrona National Natural Park: Natural environments, and how they return us to our roots.'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Tayrona National Natural Park''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Colombian Caribbean - Magdalena''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Colombia''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''María Fernanda González Duque''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:p.tayrona.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=11.296934
|lng=-74.166496
|zoom=8
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

The Tayrona National Natural Park (Spanish: Parque Nacional Natural Tayrona), is located in the Department of Magdalena, north of Colombia, in the Caribbean sea. With approximately 30 Km2 of maritime area and 150 Km2 of land area, is one of the most visited Natural parks of this country. Its extension goes from Taganga (western side) trough the coastline, until the Piedras River (eastern side).

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:t.mapa.jpg|''Park Location''
Image:t.mapa2.jpg
Image:t.mapa3.jpg
</gallery>

*'''''Biogeography''':
'''''Ecosystems''''':
Due to the different altitudes presents around the park and the pyramid shape of the mountains, we can find temperatures between 25º and 32º, these conditions makes the park have a very dry or wet weather; here we can find tropical rainforest, dry forest, spiny forest, submontane forest, cloud forest and several ecosystems, such as Mangroves, Seagrasses, Coral reefs, Rocky coastline, Lagoons, etc.

'''''Hydrography''''':
Consists of two drainage systems, the maritime one is formed by a set of small streams and creeks that flow into the sea and the continental one is formed by the streams that flow into the Rio Piedras.

'''''Flora and Fauna''''':
The park has a natural wealth flora of over 350 maritime species and 770 terrestrial along with an extensive fauna, 15 species of amphibians, 202 species of sponges, 471 species of crustaceans, 96 species of annuals, 700 species of molluscs, 110 species of corals and 401 species of sea and river fish, 108 species of mammals, 300 species of birds, 70 species of bats, 31 species of reptiles. The coastal zone has the greatest wealth of marine vegetation of the whole Colombian Caribbean, with more than 31 types of different plants

*'''''Cultural features''''':
'''''History''''':
The Tayrona, an ancient indigenous group of chiefdoms, dwelled this region (Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta) between the 800 a.C. and the 1600 a.C., before the arrival of the Spanish in Colombia, their economy was based on agriculture of fruital trees, corn crops and plants. They developed their civilization at 900 - 2000 meters above the sea, due to the mild climate and the variety of local products.

1498: First contact between indigenous and Spanish with Fernando González de Oviedo.

1525: Foundation of Santa Marta city.

1525-1599: Instability between Tayronas and Spanish which led to intense periods of conflict and war.

1600: Beginning of the decimation of the indigenous in hands of the Spanish.

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:t1.jpg|''Ilustration: Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta''
Image:t2.jpg|''Ilustration: The population''
Image:t3.jpg|''Ilustration: The cities''
Image:t4.jpg|''Ilustration: Period of conflict with the Spanish''
</gallery>

The survivors of this decimation were interned in the highest parts of the massif to escape from the Spanish; their descendants are the Kogi, who has maintained themselves isolated so far.

1973: A grave robber, found Lost City (Spanish: Ciudad Perdida).

1976: A Colombian scientific expedition arrived to the Lost City and begging with a process of restoration and conservation of the archaeological remains and the terraces of the city and the entire park.

1979: Is declared a Biosphere reserve of humanity by UNESCO

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:k1.jpg|''Tayronas descendants, The Koguis''
Image:k2.jpg|''Kogui's Houses''
Image:k3.jpg|''Kogui's cities''

</gallery>

The Eco-tourism there, is a great way to being interest and economic infrastructure to the reserve, without causing any damage to the ecosystem. It is amazing to be able to witness such a variety of ecosystems and also the archaeological remains of a Tayrona city of pre-colombian Colombia, the white sand beaches and waters in deep blue, gives great natural and historical diversity to the landscape.''

== What are the objectives of your design? ==

''Please give a short written argumentation (not more than 150 words). It is ok if you have different or even contradicting objectives within your group. Just make it explicit at the beginning of your process ''

■ Accessibility Improvement Plan with Eco Train

One of the issues in Tayrona National Natural Park is accessibility. There are only two ways to access with boat or on foot through trail course and both takes about 1 hr. In case of boat, it is limited by tide. To improve accessibility, I want to suggest eco train in Tayrona National Natural Park. Train is the most eco friendly transportation and it is already introduced in primeval forest in Jeju Island, Korea. It minimizes the effects on forest with single lane narrow mini train but provide a great experience for tourist to observe virgin nature of volcanic forest.

To minimize interference on nature in Tayrona Park, it is strongly recommended to set buffer zone along coastal line, where the most popular spots exist and plan the lane of train inside of buffer zone. Train is operated regularly and it is possible to restrict people explore outside of buffer zone so core area of nature would be preserved efficiently. Furthermore, guide explanation in the train could help tourist understand cultural and historical background.

■ Sustained ecotourism focused around modified beach accessibility

Because there already is very limited access to large parts of the natural park, there is a lot of pressure to the areas that are open to visitors, especially the beaches. To prevent the beaches getting littered and the coral reefs getting damaged/destroyed, I'd like to propose a few design interventions to spread the visitors over a larger area of the nature park, keeping in mind not to disturb the flora and fauna too much. For that, wooden decks would be used to make very inaccessible areas such as the mangroves or steep hills more in reach of ecotourist or locals. Boulders and rocks can be used to prevent access to over-used beaches, (temporarily) allowing them to recover. Small boats leaving from a boathouse could also transport people to remote areas for a small fee, which can then be used for the preservation of the park. Hiking trails could be expanded, with the compulsive use of guides to prevent disturbing wildlife or getting into dangerous situations. The area is large enough for 3 to 4-day hiking routes, something I've seen to be very popular in South Africa, whilst being ecologically tolerable.

== Analytical drawings ==

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:a1.jpg|Elevation of the Park, main different heights
Image:Accessibility.png|Accessibility and Improvement Plan
Image:Tayrona_analysis1.jpg|Different natural areas
Image:|Hiking Trail & Native Camps
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Railway in tayrona.png|Railway and Planting Plan
Image:Tayrona_futuresketch.jpg|Beach accessibility & Improvements
Image:Analysis1.jpg|Hiking Trails & Native Camps
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|projective drawing 4
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==
''Please analyse the individual approaches presented so far and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses (you may use the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis SWOT]analysis model). Try to create a synthesis and represent it with a plan and some sketches. You can still use drawings/sketches.''

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Swot railway.png|SWOT Analysis on Eco train
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|synthesis drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|synthesis drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|synthesis drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''Please reflect on your collaborative design process. Which potentials have you encountered? What was most difficult? What does collaborative design mean for you? (approx 150 words).''

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Jeju eco train 2.jpg|Jeju Island Eco Train
Image:East coastal line.jpg|Single track east coastal line in Korea
Image:Nativecamp.jpg|Jungle Camp, by Poring Hot Springs, Mt Kinabalu
Image:Roodkhan Fotress Way.jpg|Roodkhan Fotress Way,Iran
</gallery>

== References ==
''* Please make sure that you give proper references of all external resources used.''

''* Do not use images of which you do not hold the copyright.''

''* Please add internet links to other resources if necessary.''

----
[[Category:Planting Design 2013 Collaborative Design]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Collaborative Design Planting Design Working Group 6

2014-01-21T19:30:52Z

Maria.fernanda: /* Projective drawings */

---> back to group page [[Planting_Design_2013_-_Working_Group_6|working group 6]]

'''''Tayrona National Natural Park: Natural environments, and how they return us to our roots.'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Tayrona National Natural Park''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Colombian Caribbean - Magdalena''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Colombia''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''María Fernanda González Duque''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:p.tayrona.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=11.296934
|lng=-74.166496
|zoom=8
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

The Tayrona National Natural Park (Spanish: Parque Nacional Natural Tayrona), is located in the Department of Magdalena, north of Colombia, in the Caribbean sea. With approximately 30 Km2 of maritime area and 150 Km2 of land area, is one of the most visited Natural parks of this country. Its extension goes from Taganga (western side) trough the coastline, until the Piedras River (eastern side).

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:t.mapa.jpg|''Park Location''
Image:t.mapa2.jpg
Image:t.mapa3.jpg
</gallery>

*'''''Biogeography''':
'''''Ecosystems''''':
Due to the different altitudes presents around the park and the pyramid shape of the mountains, we can find temperatures between 25º and 32º, these conditions makes the park have a very dry or wet weather; here we can find tropical rainforest, dry forest, spiny forest, submontane forest, cloud forest and several ecosystems, such as Mangroves, Seagrasses, Coral reefs, Rocky coastline, Lagoons, etc.

'''''Hydrography''''':
Consists of two drainage systems, the maritime one is formed by a set of small streams and creeks that flow into the sea and the continental one is formed by the streams that flow into the Rio Piedras.

'''''Flora and Fauna''''':
The park has a natural wealth flora of over 350 maritime species and 770 terrestrial along with an extensive fauna, 15 species of amphibians, 202 species of sponges, 471 species of crustaceans, 96 species of annuals, 700 species of molluscs, 110 species of corals and 401 species of sea and river fish, 108 species of mammals, 300 species of birds, 70 species of bats, 31 species of reptiles. The coastal zone has the greatest wealth of marine vegetation of the whole Colombian Caribbean, with more than 31 types of different plants

*'''''Cultural features''''':
'''''History''''':
The Tayrona, an ancient indigenous group of chiefdoms, dwelled this region (Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta) between the 800 a.C. and the 1600 a.C., before the arrival of the Spanish in Colombia, their economy was based on agriculture of fruital trees, corn crops and plants. They developed their civilization at 900 - 2000 meters above the sea, due to the mild climate and the variety of local products.

1498: First contact between indigenous and Spanish with Fernando González de Oviedo.

1525: Foundation of Santa Marta city.

1525-1599: Instability between Tayronas and Spanish which led to intense periods of conflict and war.

1600: Beginning of the decimation of the indigenous in hands of the Spanish.

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:t1.jpg|''Ilustration: Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta''
Image:t2.jpg|''Ilustration: The population''
Image:t3.jpg|''Ilustration: The cities''
Image:t4.jpg|''Ilustration: Period of conflict with the Spanish''
</gallery>

The survivors of this decimation were interned in the highest parts of the massif to escape from the Spanish; their descendants are the Kogi, who has maintained themselves isolated so far.

1973: A grave robber, found Lost City (Spanish: Ciudad Perdida).

1976: A Colombian scientific expedition arrived to the Lost City and begging with a process of restoration and conservation of the archaeological remains and the terraces of the city and the entire park.

1979: Is declared a Biosphere reserve of humanity by UNESCO

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:k1.jpg|''Tayronas descendants, The Koguis''
Image:k2.jpg|''Kogui's Houses''
Image:k3.jpg|''Kogui's cities''

</gallery>

The Eco-tourism there, is a great way to being interest and economic infrastructure to the reserve, without causing any damage to the ecosystem. It is amazing to be able to witness such a variety of ecosystems and also the archaeological remains of a Tayrona city of pre-colombian Colombia, the white sand beaches and waters in deep blue, gives great natural and historical diversity to the landscape.''

== What are the objectives of your design? ==

''Please give a short written argumentation (not more than 150 words). It is ok if you have different or even contradicting objectives within your group. Just make it explicit at the beginning of your process ''

■ Accessibility Improvement Plan with Eco Train

One of the issues in Tayrona National Natural Park is accessibility. There are only two ways to access with boat or on foot through trail course and both takes about 1 hr. In case of boat, it is limited by tide. To improve accessibility, I want to suggest eco train in Tayrona National Natural Park. Train is the most eco friendly transportation and it is already introduced in primeval forest in Jeju Island, Korea. It minimizes the effects on forest with single lane narrow mini train but provide a great experience for tourist to observe virgin nature of volcanic forest.

To minimize interference on nature in Tayrona Park, it is strongly recommended to set buffer zone along coastal line, where the most popular spots exist and plan the lane of train inside of buffer zone. Train is operated regularly and it is possible to restrict people explore outside of buffer zone so core area of nature would be preserved efficiently. Furthermore, guide explanation in the train could help tourist understand cultural and historical background.

■ Sustained ecotourism focused around modified beach accessibility

Because there already is very limited access to large parts of the natural park, there is a lot of pressure to the areas that are open to visitors, especially the beaches. To prevent the beaches getting littered and the coral reefs getting damaged/destroyed, I'd like to propose a few design interventions to spread the visitors over a larger area of the nature park, keeping in mind not to disturb the flora and fauna too much. For that, wooden decks would be used to make very inaccessible areas such as the mangroves or steep hills more in reach of ecotourist or locals. Boulders and rocks can be used to prevent access to over-used beaches, (temporarily) allowing them to recover. Small boats leaving from a boathouse could also transport people to remote areas for a small fee, which can then be used for the preservation of the park. Hiking trails could be expanded, with the compulsive use of guides to prevent disturbing wildlife or getting into dangerous situations. The area is large enough for 3 to 4-day hiking routes, something I've seen to be very popular in South Africa, whilst being ecologically tolerable.

== Analytical drawings ==

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:a1.jpg|Elevation of the Park, main different heights
Image:Accessibility.png|Accessibility and Improvement Plan
Image:Tayrona_analysis1.jpg|Different natural areas
Image:|Hiking Trail & Native Camps
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Railway in tayrona.png|Railway and Planting Plan
Image:Tayrona_futuresketch.jpg|Beach accessibility & Improvements
Image:Analysis1.jpg|Hiking Trails & Native Camps
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|projective drawing 4
Image:p1.jpg|Location of the new stone paths to make more effective the rubbish collection
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==
''Please analyse the individual approaches presented so far and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses (you may use the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis SWOT]analysis model). Try to create a synthesis and represent it with a plan and some sketches. You can still use drawings/sketches.''

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Swot railway.png|SWOT Analysis on Eco train
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|synthesis drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|synthesis drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|synthesis drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''Please reflect on your collaborative design process. Which potentials have you encountered? What was most difficult? What does collaborative design mean for you? (approx 150 words).''

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Jeju eco train 2.jpg|Jeju Island Eco Train
Image:East coastal line.jpg|Single track east coastal line in Korea
Image:Nativecamp.jpg|Jungle Camp, by Poring Hot Springs, Mt Kinabalu
Image:Roodkhan Fotress Way.jpg|Roodkhan Fotress Way,Iran
</gallery>

== References ==
''* Please make sure that you give proper references of all external resources used.''

''* Do not use images of which you do not hold the copyright.''

''* Please add internet links to other resources if necessary.''

----
[[Category:Planting Design 2013 Collaborative Design]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Planting Design 2013 Working Group 6 - Case Study C

2014-01-10T21:12:11Z

Maria.fernanda: /* Summary and conclusion */

---> back to group page [[Planting_Design_2013_-_Working_Group_6|working group 6]]

'''''Natural environments, and how they return us to our roots'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Tayrona National Natural Park''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Colombian Caribbean - Magdalena''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Colombia''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''María Fernanda González Duque''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:p.tayrona.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=11.296934
|lng=-74.166496
|zoom=8
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

* ''Why did you select it?''

Natural Tayrona National Park ( declared so by the high biological and archaeological value) , is one of the most visited and important natural parks of Colombia, as it offers the spectator the opportunity to learn, live, perceive and explore the history of the country from its roots and gives them the opportunity to get to know more about the biodiversity that it has. Here ecoturism is not only well implemented, it also generates employment for the habitants of the region.

* ''Is it exemplary for a specific theme or a problem?''

Although the park is a natural reserve, ecohabs have been integrated as part of the ecoturism program with great success with Tayrona's architectural characteristics, which perfectly blends and complements the landscape. Besides, the park has archeological vestiges from the Pre-Colombian era, the most important is Lost City (Spanish: Ciudad Perdida), and some other indigenous settlements all connected by a net of stone paths used over 500 years ago by the Tayrona indigenous, which lead to the beaches and other magnificent places.

* ''In what ways does the landscape relate to your life? Why do you feel attatched to this landscpe?''

I live in the capital (Bogotá, which is located about 951 Km away from the park), and for me as an architect is really important to see historic and natural landscapes that are part of our heritage because it link us to our past. I believe protecting our heritage in every single way is crucial. The Tayrona civilization had an extensive knowledge about environmental care, as they had a very close relationship with the Natur; so I am interested in knowing more about it and also about the process of recovery, restoration and conservation of This kind of natural parks. ''

== Author's perspective ==
''From which professional background/perspective are your documenting this case?''

Sustainable, ecological and green design has been present in my designs always, for me as an architect the landscape plays a very important role in the whole project conception, as this should be tied to the environment without causing any damage; it also provides us with all the important aspects (weather, flora, fauna, population, etc.) to start a successful design. I am documenting this case from a sustainable architectural point of view.

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

* Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics
* Illustration: Map; sketches; short descriptive analyses

The Tayrona National Natural Park (Spanish: Parque Nacional Natural Tayrona), is located in the Department of Magdalena, north of Colombia, in the Caribbean sea. With approximately 30 Km2 of maritime area and 150 Km2 of land area, is one of the most visited Natural parks of this country. Its extension goes from Taganga (western side) trough the coastline, until the Piedras River (eastern side).

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:t.mapa.jpg|''Park Location''
Image:t.mapa2.jpg
Image:t.mapa3.jpg
</gallery>

*'''''Biogeography''':
'''''Ecosystems''''':
Due to the different altitudes presents around the park and the pyramid shape of the mountains, we can find temperatures between 25º and 32º, these conditions makes the park have a very dry or wet weather; here we can find tropical rainforest, dry forest, spiny forest, submontane forest, cloud forest and several ecosystems, such as Mangroves, Seagrasses, Coral reefs, Rocky coastline, Lagoons, etc.

'''''Hydrography''''':
Consists of two drainage systems, the maritime one is formed by a set of small streams and creeks that flow into the sea and the continental one is formed by the streams that flow into the Rio Piedras.

'''''Flora and Fauna''''':
The park has a natural wealth flora of over 350 maritime species and 770 terrestrial along with an extensive fauna, 15 species of amphibians, 202 species of sponges, 471 species of crustaceans, 96 species of annuals, 700 species of molluscs, 110 species of corals and 401 species of sea and river fish, 108 species of mammals, 300 species of birds, 70 species of bats, 31 species of reptiles. The coastal zone has the greatest wealth of marine vegetation of the whole Colombian Caribbean, with more than 31 types of different plants

*'''''Cultural features''''':
'''''History''''':
The Tayrona, an ancient indigenous group of chiefdoms, dwelled this region (Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta) between the 800 a.C. and the 1600 a.C., before the arrival of the Spanish in Colombia, their economy was based on agriculture of fruital trees, corn crops and plants. They developed their civilization at 900 - 2000 meters above the sea, due to the mild climate and the variety of local products.

1498: First contact between indigenous and Spanish with Fernando González de Oviedo.

1525: Foundation of Santa Marta city.

1525-1599: Instability between Tayronas and Spanish which led to intense periods of conflict and war.

1600: Beginning of the decimation of the indigenous in hands of the Spanish.

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:t1.jpg|''Ilustration: Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta''
Image:t2.jpg|''Ilustration: The population''
Image:t3.jpg|''Ilustration: The cities''
Image:t4.jpg|''Ilustration: Period of conflict with the Spanish''
</gallery>

The survivors of this decimation were interned in the highest parts of the massif to escape from the Spanish; their descendants are the Kogi, who has maintained themselves isolated so far.

1973: A grave robber, found Lost City (Spanish: Ciudad Perdida).

1976: A Colombian scientific expedition arrived to the Lost City and begging with a process of restoration and conservation of the archaeological remains and the terraces of the city and the entire park.

1979: Is declared a Biosphere reserve of humanity by UNESCO

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:k1.jpg|''Tayronas descendants, The Koguis''
Image:k2.jpg|''Kogui's Houses''
Image:k3.jpg|''Kogui's cities''

</gallery>

The Eco-tourism there, is a great way to being interest and economic infrastructure to the reserve, without causing any damage to the ecosystem. It is amazing to be able to witness such a variety of ecosystems and also the archaeological remains of a Tayrona city of pre-colombian Colombia, the white sand beaches and waters in deep blue, gives great natural and historical diversity to the landscape.''

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case and take the following aspects into account:''
* ''natural dynamic versus cultural framework - in how far do these two forces come together in your case?''
* ''dynamic through the year (you may imagine how the site looks in spring and summer, maybe you also remember it)''
* ''highlight potentials and problems''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:a1.jpg|Elevation of the Park, main different heights
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|analytical drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|analytical drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|analytical drawing 4
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
* ''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) for your case and take the following aspects into account:''
** ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:p1.jpg|Location of the new stone paths to make more effective the rubbish collection
Image:p2.jpg|View of the new pedestrian paths (Based on Tayrona architecture)
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|projective drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|projective drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
''Please summarize your case and give arguments for your projective design (approx 150 words).''

Is a natural reserve part of the Colombian heritage located in the Department of Magdalena in the Caribbean coast. The region has indigenous vestiges from this community and there is a city call Lost City, where one can see the infrastructure, architecture and environmental management that this indigenous has. It's one of the most important natural parks in Colombia. Here one can find all the weathers, this is because the park rise from sea level to 5780 mts in the Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta (located in the Andes range), the highest altitude in Colombia. The pyramid shape of the mountains makes this region to have a large amount of ecosystems and a wealth in its biodiversity. This draws attention to thousands of tourists who visit the park every year.

The tourist has been causing a big contamination inside the park because of the rubbish that they generate, mainly in the shoreline. To forbid the access of some kind of food in the park will help to mitigate the negative impact that the rubbish has on it. Then, implementing rubbish recollection points along the main places in the shoreline of the park ensure the success of getting rid off of it. New pedestrian stone paths in the most critical areas which leads to the rubbish recollection points will help the park crew with the conservation of the biodiversity as some forest ecosystems are in danger because of this problem.

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:cp.1.jpg|image 1
Image:cp.2.jpg|image 2
Image:cp.3.jpg|image 3
Image:cp.4.jpg|image 4
Image:cp.5.jpg|image 5
Image:cp.6.jpg|image 6
Image:cp.8.jpg|image 7
</gallery>

== References ==
''* Please make sure that you give proper references of all external resources used.''

*http://www.icanh.gov.co/index.php?idcategoria=1237

*http://www.parquesnacionales.gov.co/PNN/portel/libreria/php/decide.php?patron=01.022917

*http://www.banrepcultural.org/blaavirtual/ninos/taironas/tairona10.htm

*http://cienciassociales6cacs.blogspot.de/2013/09/iv-periodo.html

*http://www.guiatodo.com.co/parques-naturales/detalle/parque_nacional_natural_tayrona

*http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gELsrWawkpQ

''* Do not use images of which you do not hold the copyright.''

''* Please add internet links to other resources if necessary.''

----
[[Category:Planting Design 2013 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Planting Design 2013 Working Group 6 - Case Study C

2014-01-10T21:09:43Z

Maria.fernanda: /* References */

---> back to group page [[Planting_Design_2013_-_Working_Group_6|working group 6]]

'''''Natural environments, and how they return us to our roots'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Tayrona National Natural Park''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Colombian Caribbean - Magdalena''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Colombia''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''María Fernanda González Duque''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:p.tayrona.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=11.296934
|lng=-74.166496
|zoom=8
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

* ''Why did you select it?''

Natural Tayrona National Park ( declared so by the high biological and archaeological value) , is one of the most visited and important natural parks of Colombia, as it offers the spectator the opportunity to learn, live, perceive and explore the history of the country from its roots and gives them the opportunity to get to know more about the biodiversity that it has. Here ecoturism is not only well implemented, it also generates employment for the habitants of the region.

* ''Is it exemplary for a specific theme or a problem?''

Although the park is a natural reserve, ecohabs have been integrated as part of the ecoturism program with great success with Tayrona's architectural characteristics, which perfectly blends and complements the landscape. Besides, the park has archeological vestiges from the Pre-Colombian era, the most important is Lost City (Spanish: Ciudad Perdida), and some other indigenous settlements all connected by a net of stone paths used over 500 years ago by the Tayrona indigenous, which lead to the beaches and other magnificent places.

* ''In what ways does the landscape relate to your life? Why do you feel attatched to this landscpe?''

I live in the capital (Bogotá, which is located about 951 Km away from the park), and for me as an architect is really important to see historic and natural landscapes that are part of our heritage because it link us to our past. I believe protecting our heritage in every single way is crucial. The Tayrona civilization had an extensive knowledge about environmental care, as they had a very close relationship with the Natur; so I am interested in knowing more about it and also about the process of recovery, restoration and conservation of This kind of natural parks. ''

== Author's perspective ==
''From which professional background/perspective are your documenting this case?''

Sustainable, ecological and green design has been present in my designs always, for me as an architect the landscape plays a very important role in the whole project conception, as this should be tied to the environment without causing any damage; it also provides us with all the important aspects (weather, flora, fauna, population, etc.) to start a successful design. I am documenting this case from a sustainable architectural point of view.

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

* Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics
* Illustration: Map; sketches; short descriptive analyses

The Tayrona National Natural Park (Spanish: Parque Nacional Natural Tayrona), is located in the Department of Magdalena, north of Colombia, in the Caribbean sea. With approximately 30 Km2 of maritime area and 150 Km2 of land area, is one of the most visited Natural parks of this country. Its extension goes from Taganga (western side) trough the coastline, until the Piedras River (eastern side).

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:t.mapa.jpg|''Park Location''
Image:t.mapa2.jpg
Image:t.mapa3.jpg
</gallery>

*'''''Biogeography''':
'''''Ecosystems''''':
Due to the different altitudes presents around the park and the pyramid shape of the mountains, we can find temperatures between 25º and 32º, these conditions makes the park have a very dry or wet weather; here we can find tropical rainforest, dry forest, spiny forest, submontane forest, cloud forest and several ecosystems, such as Mangroves, Seagrasses, Coral reefs, Rocky coastline, Lagoons, etc.

'''''Hydrography''''':
Consists of two drainage systems, the maritime one is formed by a set of small streams and creeks that flow into the sea and the continental one is formed by the streams that flow into the Rio Piedras.

'''''Flora and Fauna''''':
The park has a natural wealth flora of over 350 maritime species and 770 terrestrial along with an extensive fauna, 15 species of amphibians, 202 species of sponges, 471 species of crustaceans, 96 species of annuals, 700 species of molluscs, 110 species of corals and 401 species of sea and river fish, 108 species of mammals, 300 species of birds, 70 species of bats, 31 species of reptiles. The coastal zone has the greatest wealth of marine vegetation of the whole Colombian Caribbean, with more than 31 types of different plants

*'''''Cultural features''''':
'''''History''''':
The Tayrona, an ancient indigenous group of chiefdoms, dwelled this region (Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta) between the 800 a.C. and the 1600 a.C., before the arrival of the Spanish in Colombia, their economy was based on agriculture of fruital trees, corn crops and plants. They developed their civilization at 900 - 2000 meters above the sea, due to the mild climate and the variety of local products.

1498: First contact between indigenous and Spanish with Fernando González de Oviedo.

1525: Foundation of Santa Marta city.

1525-1599: Instability between Tayronas and Spanish which led to intense periods of conflict and war.

1600: Beginning of the decimation of the indigenous in hands of the Spanish.

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:t1.jpg|''Ilustration: Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta''
Image:t2.jpg|''Ilustration: The population''
Image:t3.jpg|''Ilustration: The cities''
Image:t4.jpg|''Ilustration: Period of conflict with the Spanish''
</gallery>

The survivors of this decimation were interned in the highest parts of the massif to escape from the Spanish; their descendants are the Kogi, who has maintained themselves isolated so far.

1973: A grave robber, found Lost City (Spanish: Ciudad Perdida).

1976: A Colombian scientific expedition arrived to the Lost City and begging with a process of restoration and conservation of the archaeological remains and the terraces of the city and the entire park.

1979: Is declared a Biosphere reserve of humanity by UNESCO

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:k1.jpg|''Tayronas descendants, The Koguis''
Image:k2.jpg|''Kogui's Houses''
Image:k3.jpg|''Kogui's cities''

</gallery>

The Eco-tourism there, is a great way to being interest and economic infrastructure to the reserve, without causing any damage to the ecosystem. It is amazing to be able to witness such a variety of ecosystems and also the archaeological remains of a Tayrona city of pre-colombian Colombia, the white sand beaches and waters in deep blue, gives great natural and historical diversity to the landscape.''

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case and take the following aspects into account:''
* ''natural dynamic versus cultural framework - in how far do these two forces come together in your case?''
* ''dynamic through the year (you may imagine how the site looks in spring and summer, maybe you also remember it)''
* ''highlight potentials and problems''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:a1.jpg|Elevation of the Park, main different heights
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|analytical drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|analytical drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|analytical drawing 4
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
* ''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) for your case and take the following aspects into account:''
** ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:p1.jpg|Location of the new stone paths to make more effective the rubbish collection
Image:p2.jpg|View of the new pedestrian paths (Based on Tayrona architecture)
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|projective drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|projective drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
''Please summarize your case and give arguments for your projective design (approx 150 words).''

Is a natural reserve part of the Colombian heritage located in the Department of Magdalena in the Caribbean coast. The region has indigenous vestiges from this community and there is a city call Lost City, where one can see the infrastructure, architecture and environmental management that this indigenous has. It's one of the most important natural parks in Colombia. Here one can find all the weathers, this is because the park rise from sea level to 5000 mts in the Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta (located in the Andes range), the highest altitude in Colombia. The pyramid shape of the mountains makes this region to have a large amount of ecosystems and a wealth in its biodiversity. This draws attention to thousands of tourists who visit the park every year.

The tourist has been causing a big contamination inside the park because of the rubbish that they generate, mainly in the shoreline. To forbid the access of some kind of food in the park will help to mitigate the negative impact that the rubbish has on it. Then, implementing rubbish recollection points along the main places in the shoreline of the park ensure the success of getting rid off of it. New pedestrian stone paths in the most critical areas which leads to the rubbish recollection points will help the park crew with the conservation of the biodiversity as some forest ecosystems are in danger because of this problem.

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:cp.1.jpg|image 1
Image:cp.2.jpg|image 2
Image:cp.3.jpg|image 3
Image:cp.4.jpg|image 4
Image:cp.5.jpg|image 5
Image:cp.6.jpg|image 6
Image:cp.8.jpg|image 7
</gallery>

== References ==
''* Please make sure that you give proper references of all external resources used.''

*http://www.icanh.gov.co/index.php?idcategoria=1237

*http://www.parquesnacionales.gov.co/PNN/portel/libreria/php/decide.php?patron=01.022917

*http://www.banrepcultural.org/blaavirtual/ninos/taironas/tairona10.htm

*http://cienciassociales6cacs.blogspot.de/2013/09/iv-periodo.html

*http://www.guiatodo.com.co/parques-naturales/detalle/parque_nacional_natural_tayrona

*http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gELsrWawkpQ

''* Do not use images of which you do not hold the copyright.''

''* Please add internet links to other resources if necessary.''

----
[[Category:Planting Design 2013 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Planting Design 2013 Working Group 6 - Case Study C

2013-12-18T19:04:33Z

Maria.fernanda: /* Image Gallery */

---> back to group page [[Planting_Design_2013_-_Working_Group_6|working group 6]]

'''''Natural environments, and how they return us to our roots'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Tayrona National Natural Park''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Colombian Caribbean - Magdalena''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Colombia''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''María Fernanda González Duque''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:p.tayrona.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=11.296934
|lng=-74.166496
|zoom=8
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

* ''Why did you select it?''

Natural Tayrona National Park ( declared so by the high biological and archaeological value) , is one of the most visited and important natural parks of Colombia, as it offers the spectator the opportunity to learn, live, perceive and explore the history of the country from its roots and gives them the opportunity to get to know more about the biodiversity that it has. Here ecoturism is not only well implemented, it also generates employment for the habitants of the region.

* ''Is it exemplary for a specific theme or a problem?''

Although the park is a natural reserve, ecohabs have been integrated as part of the ecoturism program with great success with Tayrona's architectural characteristics, which perfectly blends and complements the landscape. Besides, the park has archeological vestiges from the Pre-Colombian era, the most important is Lost City (Spanish: Ciudad Perdida), and some other indigenous settlements all connected by a net of stone paths used over 500 years ago by the Tayrona indigenous, which lead to the beaches and other magnificent places.

* ''In what ways does the landscape relate to your life? Why do you feel attatched to this landscpe?''

I live in the capital (Bogotá, which is located about 951 Km away from the park), and for me as an architect is really important to see historic and natural landscapes that are part of our heritage because it link us to our past. I believe protecting our heritage in every single way is crucial. The Tayrona civilization had an extensive knowledge about environmental care, as they had a very close relationship with the Natur; so I am interested in knowing more about it and also about the process of recovery, restoration and conservation of This kind of natural parks. ''

== Author's perspective ==
''From which professional background/perspective are your documenting this case?''

Sustainable, ecological and green design has been present in my designs always, for me as an architect the landscape plays a very important role in the whole project conception, as this should be tied to the environment without causing any damage; it also provides us with all the important aspects (weather, flora, fauna, population, etc.) to start a successful design. I am documenting this case from a sustainable architectural point of view.

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

* Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics
* Illustration: Map; sketches; short descriptive analyses

The Tayrona National Natural Park (Spanish: Parque Nacional Natural Tayrona), is located in the Department of Magdalena, north of Colombia, in the Caribbean sea. With approximately 30 Km2 of maritime area and 150 Km2 of land area, is one of the most visited Natural parks of this country. Its extension goes from Taganga (western side) trough the coastline, until the Piedras River (eastern side).

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:t.mapa.jpg|''Park Location''
Image:t.mapa2.jpg
Image:t.mapa3.jpg
</gallery>

*'''''Biogeography''':
'''''Ecosystems''''':
Due to the different altitudes presents around the park and the pyramid shape of the mountains, we can find temperatures between 25º and 32º, these conditions makes the park have a very dry or wet weather; here we can find tropical rainforest, dry forest, spiny forest, submontane forest, cloud forest and several ecosystems, such as Mangroves, Seagrasses, Coral reefs, Rocky coastline, Lagoons, etc.

'''''Hydrography''''':
Consists of two drainage systems, the maritime one is formed by a set of small streams and creeks that flow into the sea and the continental one is formed by the streams that flow into the Rio Piedras.

'''''Flora and Fauna''''':
The park has a natural wealth flora of over 350 maritime species and 770 terrestrial along with an extensive fauna, 15 species of amphibians, 202 species of sponges, 471 species of crustaceans, 96 species of annuals, 700 species of molluscs, 110 species of corals and 401 species of sea and river fish, 108 species of mammals, 300 species of birds, 70 species of bats, 31 species of reptiles. The coastal zone has the greatest wealth of marine vegetation of the whole Colombian Caribbean, with more than 31 types of different plants

*'''''Cultural features''''':
'''''History''''':
The Tayrona, an ancient indigenous group of chiefdoms, dwelled this region (Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta) between the 800 a.C. and the 1600 a.C., before the arrival of the Spanish in Colombia, their economy was based on agriculture of fruital trees, corn crops and plants. They developed their civilization at 900 - 2000 meters above the sea, due to the mild climate and the variety of local products.

1498: First contact between indigenous and Spanish with Fernando González de Oviedo.

1525: Foundation of Santa Marta city.

1525-1599: Instability between Tayronas and Spanish which led to intense periods of conflict and war.

1600: Beginning of the decimation of the indigenous in hands of the Spanish.

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:t1.jpg|''Ilustration: Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta''
Image:t2.jpg|''Ilustration: The population''
Image:t3.jpg|''Ilustration: The cities''
Image:t4.jpg|''Ilustration: Period of conflict with the Spanish''
</gallery>

The survivors of this decimation were interned in the highest parts of the massif to escape from the Spanish; their descendants are the Kogi, who has maintained themselves isolated so far.

1973: A grave robber, found Lost City (Spanish: Ciudad Perdida).

1976: A Colombian scientific expedition arrived to the Lost City and begging with a process of restoration and conservation of the archaeological remains and the terraces of the city and the entire park.

1979: Is declared a Biosphere reserve of humanity by UNESCO

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:k1.jpg|''Tayronas descendants, The Koguis''
Image:k2.jpg|''Kogui's Houses''
Image:k3.jpg|''Kogui's cities''

</gallery>

The Eco-tourism there, is a great way to being interest and economic infrastructure to the reserve, without causing any damage to the ecosystem. It is amazing to be able to witness such a variety of ecosystems and also the archaeological remains of a Tayrona city of pre-colombian Colombia, the white sand beaches and waters in deep blue, gives great natural and historical diversity to the landscape.''

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case and take the following aspects into account:''
* ''natural dynamic versus cultural framework - in how far do these two forces come together in your case?''
* ''dynamic through the year (you may imagine how the site looks in spring and summer, maybe you also remember it)''
* ''highlight potentials and problems''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:a1.jpg|Elevation of the Park, main different heights
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|analytical drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|analytical drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|analytical drawing 4
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
* ''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) for your case and take the following aspects into account:''
** ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:p1.jpg|Location of the new stone paths to make more effective the rubbish collection
Image:p2.jpg|View of the new pedestrian paths (Based on Tayrona architecture)
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|projective drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|projective drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
''Please summarize your case and give arguments for your projective design (approx 150 words).''

Is a natural reserve part of the Colombian heritage located in the Department of Magdalena in the Caribbean coast. The region has indigenous vestiges from this community and there is a city call Lost City, where one can see the infrastructure, architecture and environmental management that this indigenous has. It's one of the most important natural parks in Colombia. Here one can find all the weathers, this is because the park rise from sea level to 5000 mts in the Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta (located in the Andes range), the highest altitude in Colombia. The pyramid shape of the mountains makes this region to have a large amount of ecosystems and a wealth in its biodiversity. This draws attention to thousands of tourists who visit the park every year.

The tourist has been causing a big contamination inside the park because of the rubbish that they generate, mainly in the shoreline. To forbid the access of some kind of food in the park will help to mitigate the negative impact that the rubbish has on it. Then, implementing rubbish recollection points along the main places in the shoreline of the park ensure the success of getting rid off of it. New pedestrian stone paths in the most critical areas which leads to the rubbish recollection points will help the park crew with the conservation of the biodiversity as some forest ecosystems are in danger because of this problem.

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:cp.1.jpg|image 1
Image:cp.2.jpg|image 2
Image:cp.3.jpg|image 3
Image:cp.4.jpg|image 4
Image:cp.5.jpg|image 5
Image:cp.6.jpg|image 6
Image:cp.8.jpg|image 7
</gallery>

== References ==
''* Please make sure that you give proper references of all external resources used.''

*http://www.parquesnacionales.gov.co/PNN/portel/libreria/php/decide.php?patron=01.022917

*http://www.banrepcultural.org/blaavirtual/ninos/taironas/tairona10.htm

*http://cienciassociales6cacs.blogspot.de/2013/09/iv-periodo.html

*http://www.guiatodo.com.co/parques-naturales/detalle/parque_nacional_natural_tayrona

*http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gELsrWawkpQ

''* Do not use images of which you do not hold the copyright.''

''* Please add internet links to other resources if necessary.''

----
[[Category:Planting Design 2013 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Planting Design 2013 Working Group 6 - Case Study C

2013-12-18T19:04:13Z

Maria.fernanda: /* Image Gallery */

---> back to group page [[Planting_Design_2013_-_Working_Group_6|working group 6]]

'''''Natural environments, and how they return us to our roots'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Tayrona National Natural Park''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Colombian Caribbean - Magdalena''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Colombia''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''María Fernanda González Duque''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:p.tayrona.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=11.296934
|lng=-74.166496
|zoom=8
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

* ''Why did you select it?''

Natural Tayrona National Park ( declared so by the high biological and archaeological value) , is one of the most visited and important natural parks of Colombia, as it offers the spectator the opportunity to learn, live, perceive and explore the history of the country from its roots and gives them the opportunity to get to know more about the biodiversity that it has. Here ecoturism is not only well implemented, it also generates employment for the habitants of the region.

* ''Is it exemplary for a specific theme or a problem?''

Although the park is a natural reserve, ecohabs have been integrated as part of the ecoturism program with great success with Tayrona's architectural characteristics, which perfectly blends and complements the landscape. Besides, the park has archeological vestiges from the Pre-Colombian era, the most important is Lost City (Spanish: Ciudad Perdida), and some other indigenous settlements all connected by a net of stone paths used over 500 years ago by the Tayrona indigenous, which lead to the beaches and other magnificent places.

* ''In what ways does the landscape relate to your life? Why do you feel attatched to this landscpe?''

I live in the capital (Bogotá, which is located about 951 Km away from the park), and for me as an architect is really important to see historic and natural landscapes that are part of our heritage because it link us to our past. I believe protecting our heritage in every single way is crucial. The Tayrona civilization had an extensive knowledge about environmental care, as they had a very close relationship with the Natur; so I am interested in knowing more about it and also about the process of recovery, restoration and conservation of This kind of natural parks. ''

== Author's perspective ==
''From which professional background/perspective are your documenting this case?''

Sustainable, ecological and green design has been present in my designs always, for me as an architect the landscape plays a very important role in the whole project conception, as this should be tied to the environment without causing any damage; it also provides us with all the important aspects (weather, flora, fauna, population, etc.) to start a successful design. I am documenting this case from a sustainable architectural point of view.

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

* Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics
* Illustration: Map; sketches; short descriptive analyses

The Tayrona National Natural Park (Spanish: Parque Nacional Natural Tayrona), is located in the Department of Magdalena, north of Colombia, in the Caribbean sea. With approximately 30 Km2 of maritime area and 150 Km2 of land area, is one of the most visited Natural parks of this country. Its extension goes from Taganga (western side) trough the coastline, until the Piedras River (eastern side).

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:t.mapa.jpg|''Park Location''
Image:t.mapa2.jpg
Image:t.mapa3.jpg
</gallery>

*'''''Biogeography''':
'''''Ecosystems''''':
Due to the different altitudes presents around the park and the pyramid shape of the mountains, we can find temperatures between 25º and 32º, these conditions makes the park have a very dry or wet weather; here we can find tropical rainforest, dry forest, spiny forest, submontane forest, cloud forest and several ecosystems, such as Mangroves, Seagrasses, Coral reefs, Rocky coastline, Lagoons, etc.

'''''Hydrography''''':
Consists of two drainage systems, the maritime one is formed by a set of small streams and creeks that flow into the sea and the continental one is formed by the streams that flow into the Rio Piedras.

'''''Flora and Fauna''''':
The park has a natural wealth flora of over 350 maritime species and 770 terrestrial along with an extensive fauna, 15 species of amphibians, 202 species of sponges, 471 species of crustaceans, 96 species of annuals, 700 species of molluscs, 110 species of corals and 401 species of sea and river fish, 108 species of mammals, 300 species of birds, 70 species of bats, 31 species of reptiles. The coastal zone has the greatest wealth of marine vegetation of the whole Colombian Caribbean, with more than 31 types of different plants

*'''''Cultural features''''':
'''''History''''':
The Tayrona, an ancient indigenous group of chiefdoms, dwelled this region (Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta) between the 800 a.C. and the 1600 a.C., before the arrival of the Spanish in Colombia, their economy was based on agriculture of fruital trees, corn crops and plants. They developed their civilization at 900 - 2000 meters above the sea, due to the mild climate and the variety of local products.

1498: First contact between indigenous and Spanish with Fernando González de Oviedo.

1525: Foundation of Santa Marta city.

1525-1599: Instability between Tayronas and Spanish which led to intense periods of conflict and war.

1600: Beginning of the decimation of the indigenous in hands of the Spanish.

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:t1.jpg|''Ilustration: Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta''
Image:t2.jpg|''Ilustration: The population''
Image:t3.jpg|''Ilustration: The cities''
Image:t4.jpg|''Ilustration: Period of conflict with the Spanish''
</gallery>

The survivors of this decimation were interned in the highest parts of the massif to escape from the Spanish; their descendants are the Kogi, who has maintained themselves isolated so far.

1973: A grave robber, found Lost City (Spanish: Ciudad Perdida).

1976: A Colombian scientific expedition arrived to the Lost City and begging with a process of restoration and conservation of the archaeological remains and the terraces of the city and the entire park.

1979: Is declared a Biosphere reserve of humanity by UNESCO

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:k1.jpg|''Tayronas descendants, The Koguis''
Image:k2.jpg|''Kogui's Houses''
Image:k3.jpg|''Kogui's cities''

</gallery>

The Eco-tourism there, is a great way to being interest and economic infrastructure to the reserve, without causing any damage to the ecosystem. It is amazing to be able to witness such a variety of ecosystems and also the archaeological remains of a Tayrona city of pre-colombian Colombia, the white sand beaches and waters in deep blue, gives great natural and historical diversity to the landscape.''

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case and take the following aspects into account:''
* ''natural dynamic versus cultural framework - in how far do these two forces come together in your case?''
* ''dynamic through the year (you may imagine how the site looks in spring and summer, maybe you also remember it)''
* ''highlight potentials and problems''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:a1.jpg|Elevation of the Park, main different heights
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|analytical drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|analytical drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|analytical drawing 4
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
* ''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) for your case and take the following aspects into account:''
** ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:p1.jpg|Location of the new stone paths to make more effective the rubbish collection
Image:p2.jpg|View of the new pedestrian paths (Based on Tayrona architecture)
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|projective drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|projective drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
''Please summarize your case and give arguments for your projective design (approx 150 words).''

Is a natural reserve part of the Colombian heritage located in the Department of Magdalena in the Caribbean coast. The region has indigenous vestiges from this community and there is a city call Lost City, where one can see the infrastructure, architecture and environmental management that this indigenous has. It's one of the most important natural parks in Colombia. Here one can find all the weathers, this is because the park rise from sea level to 5000 mts in the Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta (located in the Andes range), the highest altitude in Colombia. The pyramid shape of the mountains makes this region to have a large amount of ecosystems and a wealth in its biodiversity. This draws attention to thousands of tourists who visit the park every year.

The tourist has been causing a big contamination inside the park because of the rubbish that they generate, mainly in the shoreline. To forbid the access of some kind of food in the park will help to mitigate the negative impact that the rubbish has on it. Then, implementing rubbish recollection points along the main places in the shoreline of the park ensure the success of getting rid off of it. New pedestrian stone paths in the most critical areas which leads to the rubbish recollection points will help the park crew with the conservation of the biodiversity as some forest ecosystems are in danger because of this problem.

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:cp.1.jpg|image 1
Image:cp.2.jpg|image 2
Image:cp.3.jpg|image 3
Image:cp.4.jpg|image 4
Image:cp.5.jpg|image 5
Image:cp.6.jpg|image 6
Image:cp.8.jpg|image 7
Image:cp.9.jpg|image 8
Image:cp.9.jpg|image 9

</gallery>

== References ==
''* Please make sure that you give proper references of all external resources used.''

*http://www.parquesnacionales.gov.co/PNN/portel/libreria/php/decide.php?patron=01.022917

*http://www.banrepcultural.org/blaavirtual/ninos/taironas/tairona10.htm

*http://cienciassociales6cacs.blogspot.de/2013/09/iv-periodo.html

*http://www.guiatodo.com.co/parques-naturales/detalle/parque_nacional_natural_tayrona

*http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gELsrWawkpQ

''* Do not use images of which you do not hold the copyright.''

''* Please add internet links to other resources if necessary.''

----
[[Category:Planting Design 2013 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Planting Design 2013 Working Group 6 - Case Study C

2013-12-18T19:03:26Z

Maria.fernanda: /* Image Gallery */

---> back to group page [[Planting_Design_2013_-_Working_Group_6|working group 6]]

'''''Natural environments, and how they return us to our roots'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Tayrona National Natural Park''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Colombian Caribbean - Magdalena''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Colombia''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''María Fernanda González Duque''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:p.tayrona.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=11.296934
|lng=-74.166496
|zoom=8
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

* ''Why did you select it?''

Natural Tayrona National Park ( declared so by the high biological and archaeological value) , is one of the most visited and important natural parks of Colombia, as it offers the spectator the opportunity to learn, live, perceive and explore the history of the country from its roots and gives them the opportunity to get to know more about the biodiversity that it has. Here ecoturism is not only well implemented, it also generates employment for the habitants of the region.

* ''Is it exemplary for a specific theme or a problem?''

Although the park is a natural reserve, ecohabs have been integrated as part of the ecoturism program with great success with Tayrona's architectural characteristics, which perfectly blends and complements the landscape. Besides, the park has archeological vestiges from the Pre-Colombian era, the most important is Lost City (Spanish: Ciudad Perdida), and some other indigenous settlements all connected by a net of stone paths used over 500 years ago by the Tayrona indigenous, which lead to the beaches and other magnificent places.

* ''In what ways does the landscape relate to your life? Why do you feel attatched to this landscpe?''

I live in the capital (Bogotá, which is located about 951 Km away from the park), and for me as an architect is really important to see historic and natural landscapes that are part of our heritage because it link us to our past. I believe protecting our heritage in every single way is crucial. The Tayrona civilization had an extensive knowledge about environmental care, as they had a very close relationship with the Natur; so I am interested in knowing more about it and also about the process of recovery, restoration and conservation of This kind of natural parks. ''

== Author's perspective ==
''From which professional background/perspective are your documenting this case?''

Sustainable, ecological and green design has been present in my designs always, for me as an architect the landscape plays a very important role in the whole project conception, as this should be tied to the environment without causing any damage; it also provides us with all the important aspects (weather, flora, fauna, population, etc.) to start a successful design. I am documenting this case from a sustainable architectural point of view.

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

* Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics
* Illustration: Map; sketches; short descriptive analyses

The Tayrona National Natural Park (Spanish: Parque Nacional Natural Tayrona), is located in the Department of Magdalena, north of Colombia, in the Caribbean sea. With approximately 30 Km2 of maritime area and 150 Km2 of land area, is one of the most visited Natural parks of this country. Its extension goes from Taganga (western side) trough the coastline, until the Piedras River (eastern side).

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:t.mapa.jpg|''Park Location''
Image:t.mapa2.jpg
Image:t.mapa3.jpg
</gallery>

*'''''Biogeography''':
'''''Ecosystems''''':
Due to the different altitudes presents around the park and the pyramid shape of the mountains, we can find temperatures between 25º and 32º, these conditions makes the park have a very dry or wet weather; here we can find tropical rainforest, dry forest, spiny forest, submontane forest, cloud forest and several ecosystems, such as Mangroves, Seagrasses, Coral reefs, Rocky coastline, Lagoons, etc.

'''''Hydrography''''':
Consists of two drainage systems, the maritime one is formed by a set of small streams and creeks that flow into the sea and the continental one is formed by the streams that flow into the Rio Piedras.

'''''Flora and Fauna''''':
The park has a natural wealth flora of over 350 maritime species and 770 terrestrial along with an extensive fauna, 15 species of amphibians, 202 species of sponges, 471 species of crustaceans, 96 species of annuals, 700 species of molluscs, 110 species of corals and 401 species of sea and river fish, 108 species of mammals, 300 species of birds, 70 species of bats, 31 species of reptiles. The coastal zone has the greatest wealth of marine vegetation of the whole Colombian Caribbean, with more than 31 types of different plants

*'''''Cultural features''''':
'''''History''''':
The Tayrona, an ancient indigenous group of chiefdoms, dwelled this region (Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta) between the 800 a.C. and the 1600 a.C., before the arrival of the Spanish in Colombia, their economy was based on agriculture of fruital trees, corn crops and plants. They developed their civilization at 900 - 2000 meters above the sea, due to the mild climate and the variety of local products.

1498: First contact between indigenous and Spanish with Fernando González de Oviedo.

1525: Foundation of Santa Marta city.

1525-1599: Instability between Tayronas and Spanish which led to intense periods of conflict and war.

1600: Beginning of the decimation of the indigenous in hands of the Spanish.

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:t1.jpg|''Ilustration: Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta''
Image:t2.jpg|''Ilustration: The population''
Image:t3.jpg|''Ilustration: The cities''
Image:t4.jpg|''Ilustration: Period of conflict with the Spanish''
</gallery>

The survivors of this decimation were interned in the highest parts of the massif to escape from the Spanish; their descendants are the Kogi, who has maintained themselves isolated so far.

1973: A grave robber, found Lost City (Spanish: Ciudad Perdida).

1976: A Colombian scientific expedition arrived to the Lost City and begging with a process of restoration and conservation of the archaeological remains and the terraces of the city and the entire park.

1979: Is declared a Biosphere reserve of humanity by UNESCO

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:k1.jpg|''Tayronas descendants, The Koguis''
Image:k2.jpg|''Kogui's Houses''
Image:k3.jpg|''Kogui's cities''

</gallery>

The Eco-tourism there, is a great way to being interest and economic infrastructure to the reserve, without causing any damage to the ecosystem. It is amazing to be able to witness such a variety of ecosystems and also the archaeological remains of a Tayrona city of pre-colombian Colombia, the white sand beaches and waters in deep blue, gives great natural and historical diversity to the landscape.''

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case and take the following aspects into account:''
* ''natural dynamic versus cultural framework - in how far do these two forces come together in your case?''
* ''dynamic through the year (you may imagine how the site looks in spring and summer, maybe you also remember it)''
* ''highlight potentials and problems''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:a1.jpg|Elevation of the Park, main different heights
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|analytical drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|analytical drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|analytical drawing 4
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
* ''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) for your case and take the following aspects into account:''
** ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:p1.jpg|Location of the new stone paths to make more effective the rubbish collection
Image:p2.jpg|View of the new pedestrian paths (Based on Tayrona architecture)
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|projective drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|projective drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
''Please summarize your case and give arguments for your projective design (approx 150 words).''

Is a natural reserve part of the Colombian heritage located in the Department of Magdalena in the Caribbean coast. The region has indigenous vestiges from this community and there is a city call Lost City, where one can see the infrastructure, architecture and environmental management that this indigenous has. It's one of the most important natural parks in Colombia. Here one can find all the weathers, this is because the park rise from sea level to 5000 mts in the Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta (located in the Andes range), the highest altitude in Colombia. The pyramid shape of the mountains makes this region to have a large amount of ecosystems and a wealth in its biodiversity. This draws attention to thousands of tourists who visit the park every year.

The tourist has been causing a big contamination inside the park because of the rubbish that they generate, mainly in the shoreline. To forbid the access of some kind of food in the park will help to mitigate the negative impact that the rubbish has on it. Then, implementing rubbish recollection points along the main places in the shoreline of the park ensure the success of getting rid off of it. New pedestrian stone paths in the most critical areas which leads to the rubbish recollection points will help the park crew with the conservation of the biodiversity as some forest ecosystems are in danger because of this problem.

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:cp.1.jpg|image 1
Image:cp.2.jpg|image 2
Image:cp.3.jpg|image 3
Image:cp.4.jpg|image 4
Image:cp.5.jpg|image 5
Image:cp.6.jpg|image 6
Image:cp.8.jpg|image 7
Image:cp.9.jpg|image 8

</gallery>

== References ==
''* Please make sure that you give proper references of all external resources used.''

*http://www.parquesnacionales.gov.co/PNN/portel/libreria/php/decide.php?patron=01.022917

*http://www.banrepcultural.org/blaavirtual/ninos/taironas/tairona10.htm

*http://cienciassociales6cacs.blogspot.de/2013/09/iv-periodo.html

*http://www.guiatodo.com.co/parques-naturales/detalle/parque_nacional_natural_tayrona

*http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gELsrWawkpQ

''* Do not use images of which you do not hold the copyright.''

''* Please add internet links to other resources if necessary.''

----
[[Category:Planting Design 2013 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Planting Design 2013 Working Group 6 - Case Study C

2013-12-18T19:02:45Z

Maria.fernanda: /* Image Gallery */

---> back to group page [[Planting_Design_2013_-_Working_Group_6|working group 6]]

'''''Natural environments, and how they return us to our roots'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Tayrona National Natural Park''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Colombian Caribbean - Magdalena''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Colombia''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''María Fernanda González Duque''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:p.tayrona.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=11.296934
|lng=-74.166496
|zoom=8
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

* ''Why did you select it?''

Natural Tayrona National Park ( declared so by the high biological and archaeological value) , is one of the most visited and important natural parks of Colombia, as it offers the spectator the opportunity to learn, live, perceive and explore the history of the country from its roots and gives them the opportunity to get to know more about the biodiversity that it has. Here ecoturism is not only well implemented, it also generates employment for the habitants of the region.

* ''Is it exemplary for a specific theme or a problem?''

Although the park is a natural reserve, ecohabs have been integrated as part of the ecoturism program with great success with Tayrona's architectural characteristics, which perfectly blends and complements the landscape. Besides, the park has archeological vestiges from the Pre-Colombian era, the most important is Lost City (Spanish: Ciudad Perdida), and some other indigenous settlements all connected by a net of stone paths used over 500 years ago by the Tayrona indigenous, which lead to the beaches and other magnificent places.

* ''In what ways does the landscape relate to your life? Why do you feel attatched to this landscpe?''

I live in the capital (Bogotá, which is located about 951 Km away from the park), and for me as an architect is really important to see historic and natural landscapes that are part of our heritage because it link us to our past. I believe protecting our heritage in every single way is crucial. The Tayrona civilization had an extensive knowledge about environmental care, as they had a very close relationship with the Natur; so I am interested in knowing more about it and also about the process of recovery, restoration and conservation of This kind of natural parks. ''

== Author's perspective ==
''From which professional background/perspective are your documenting this case?''

Sustainable, ecological and green design has been present in my designs always, for me as an architect the landscape plays a very important role in the whole project conception, as this should be tied to the environment without causing any damage; it also provides us with all the important aspects (weather, flora, fauna, population, etc.) to start a successful design. I am documenting this case from a sustainable architectural point of view.

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

* Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics
* Illustration: Map; sketches; short descriptive analyses

The Tayrona National Natural Park (Spanish: Parque Nacional Natural Tayrona), is located in the Department of Magdalena, north of Colombia, in the Caribbean sea. With approximately 30 Km2 of maritime area and 150 Km2 of land area, is one of the most visited Natural parks of this country. Its extension goes from Taganga (western side) trough the coastline, until the Piedras River (eastern side).

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:t.mapa.jpg|''Park Location''
Image:t.mapa2.jpg
Image:t.mapa3.jpg
</gallery>

*'''''Biogeography''':
'''''Ecosystems''''':
Due to the different altitudes presents around the park and the pyramid shape of the mountains, we can find temperatures between 25º and 32º, these conditions makes the park have a very dry or wet weather; here we can find tropical rainforest, dry forest, spiny forest, submontane forest, cloud forest and several ecosystems, such as Mangroves, Seagrasses, Coral reefs, Rocky coastline, Lagoons, etc.

'''''Hydrography''''':
Consists of two drainage systems, the maritime one is formed by a set of small streams and creeks that flow into the sea and the continental one is formed by the streams that flow into the Rio Piedras.

'''''Flora and Fauna''''':
The park has a natural wealth flora of over 350 maritime species and 770 terrestrial along with an extensive fauna, 15 species of amphibians, 202 species of sponges, 471 species of crustaceans, 96 species of annuals, 700 species of molluscs, 110 species of corals and 401 species of sea and river fish, 108 species of mammals, 300 species of birds, 70 species of bats, 31 species of reptiles. The coastal zone has the greatest wealth of marine vegetation of the whole Colombian Caribbean, with more than 31 types of different plants

*'''''Cultural features''''':
'''''History''''':
The Tayrona, an ancient indigenous group of chiefdoms, dwelled this region (Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta) between the 800 a.C. and the 1600 a.C., before the arrival of the Spanish in Colombia, their economy was based on agriculture of fruital trees, corn crops and plants. They developed their civilization at 900 - 2000 meters above the sea, due to the mild climate and the variety of local products.

1498: First contact between indigenous and Spanish with Fernando González de Oviedo.

1525: Foundation of Santa Marta city.

1525-1599: Instability between Tayronas and Spanish which led to intense periods of conflict and war.

1600: Beginning of the decimation of the indigenous in hands of the Spanish.

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:t1.jpg|''Ilustration: Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta''
Image:t2.jpg|''Ilustration: The population''
Image:t3.jpg|''Ilustration: The cities''
Image:t4.jpg|''Ilustration: Period of conflict with the Spanish''
</gallery>

The survivors of this decimation were interned in the highest parts of the massif to escape from the Spanish; their descendants are the Kogi, who has maintained themselves isolated so far.

1973: A grave robber, found Lost City (Spanish: Ciudad Perdida).

1976: A Colombian scientific expedition arrived to the Lost City and begging with a process of restoration and conservation of the archaeological remains and the terraces of the city and the entire park.

1979: Is declared a Biosphere reserve of humanity by UNESCO

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:k1.jpg|''Tayronas descendants, The Koguis''
Image:k2.jpg|''Kogui's Houses''
Image:k3.jpg|''Kogui's cities''

</gallery>

The Eco-tourism there, is a great way to being interest and economic infrastructure to the reserve, without causing any damage to the ecosystem. It is amazing to be able to witness such a variety of ecosystems and also the archaeological remains of a Tayrona city of pre-colombian Colombia, the white sand beaches and waters in deep blue, gives great natural and historical diversity to the landscape.''

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case and take the following aspects into account:''
* ''natural dynamic versus cultural framework - in how far do these two forces come together in your case?''
* ''dynamic through the year (you may imagine how the site looks in spring and summer, maybe you also remember it)''
* ''highlight potentials and problems''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:a1.jpg|Elevation of the Park, main different heights
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|analytical drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|analytical drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|analytical drawing 4
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
* ''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) for your case and take the following aspects into account:''
** ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:p1.jpg|Location of the new stone paths to make more effective the rubbish collection
Image:p2.jpg|View of the new pedestrian paths (Based on Tayrona architecture)
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|projective drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|projective drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
''Please summarize your case and give arguments for your projective design (approx 150 words).''

Is a natural reserve part of the Colombian heritage located in the Department of Magdalena in the Caribbean coast. The region has indigenous vestiges from this community and there is a city call Lost City, where one can see the infrastructure, architecture and environmental management that this indigenous has. It's one of the most important natural parks in Colombia. Here one can find all the weathers, this is because the park rise from sea level to 5000 mts in the Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta (located in the Andes range), the highest altitude in Colombia. The pyramid shape of the mountains makes this region to have a large amount of ecosystems and a wealth in its biodiversity. This draws attention to thousands of tourists who visit the park every year.

The tourist has been causing a big contamination inside the park because of the rubbish that they generate, mainly in the shoreline. To forbid the access of some kind of food in the park will help to mitigate the negative impact that the rubbish has on it. Then, implementing rubbish recollection points along the main places in the shoreline of the park ensure the success of getting rid off of it. New pedestrian stone paths in the most critical areas which leads to the rubbish recollection points will help the park crew with the conservation of the biodiversity as some forest ecosystems are in danger because of this problem.

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:cp.1.jpg|image 1
Image:cp.2.jpg|image 2
Image:cp.3.jpg|image 3
Image:cp.4.jpg|image 4
Image:cp.5.jpg|image 2
Image:cp.6.jpg|image 3
Image:cp.8.jpg|image 4
Image:cp.9.jpg|image 4

</gallery>

== References ==
''* Please make sure that you give proper references of all external resources used.''

*http://www.parquesnacionales.gov.co/PNN/portel/libreria/php/decide.php?patron=01.022917

*http://www.banrepcultural.org/blaavirtual/ninos/taironas/tairona10.htm

*http://cienciassociales6cacs.blogspot.de/2013/09/iv-periodo.html

*http://www.guiatodo.com.co/parques-naturales/detalle/parque_nacional_natural_tayrona

*http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gELsrWawkpQ

''* Do not use images of which you do not hold the copyright.''

''* Please add internet links to other resources if necessary.''

----
[[Category:Planting Design 2013 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Planting Design 2013 Working Group 6 - Case Study C

2013-12-18T19:02:10Z

Maria.fernanda: /* Image Gallery */

---> back to group page [[Planting_Design_2013_-_Working_Group_6|working group 6]]

'''''Natural environments, and how they return us to our roots'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Tayrona National Natural Park''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Colombian Caribbean - Magdalena''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Colombia''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''María Fernanda González Duque''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:p.tayrona.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=11.296934
|lng=-74.166496
|zoom=8
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

* ''Why did you select it?''

Natural Tayrona National Park ( declared so by the high biological and archaeological value) , is one of the most visited and important natural parks of Colombia, as it offers the spectator the opportunity to learn, live, perceive and explore the history of the country from its roots and gives them the opportunity to get to know more about the biodiversity that it has. Here ecoturism is not only well implemented, it also generates employment for the habitants of the region.

* ''Is it exemplary for a specific theme or a problem?''

Although the park is a natural reserve, ecohabs have been integrated as part of the ecoturism program with great success with Tayrona's architectural characteristics, which perfectly blends and complements the landscape. Besides, the park has archeological vestiges from the Pre-Colombian era, the most important is Lost City (Spanish: Ciudad Perdida), and some other indigenous settlements all connected by a net of stone paths used over 500 years ago by the Tayrona indigenous, which lead to the beaches and other magnificent places.

* ''In what ways does the landscape relate to your life? Why do you feel attatched to this landscpe?''

I live in the capital (Bogotá, which is located about 951 Km away from the park), and for me as an architect is really important to see historic and natural landscapes that are part of our heritage because it link us to our past. I believe protecting our heritage in every single way is crucial. The Tayrona civilization had an extensive knowledge about environmental care, as they had a very close relationship with the Natur; so I am interested in knowing more about it and also about the process of recovery, restoration and conservation of This kind of natural parks. ''

== Author's perspective ==
''From which professional background/perspective are your documenting this case?''

Sustainable, ecological and green design has been present in my designs always, for me as an architect the landscape plays a very important role in the whole project conception, as this should be tied to the environment without causing any damage; it also provides us with all the important aspects (weather, flora, fauna, population, etc.) to start a successful design. I am documenting this case from a sustainable architectural point of view.

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

* Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics
* Illustration: Map; sketches; short descriptive analyses

The Tayrona National Natural Park (Spanish: Parque Nacional Natural Tayrona), is located in the Department of Magdalena, north of Colombia, in the Caribbean sea. With approximately 30 Km2 of maritime area and 150 Km2 of land area, is one of the most visited Natural parks of this country. Its extension goes from Taganga (western side) trough the coastline, until the Piedras River (eastern side).

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:t.mapa.jpg|''Park Location''
Image:t.mapa2.jpg
Image:t.mapa3.jpg
</gallery>

*'''''Biogeography''':
'''''Ecosystems''''':
Due to the different altitudes presents around the park and the pyramid shape of the mountains, we can find temperatures between 25º and 32º, these conditions makes the park have a very dry or wet weather; here we can find tropical rainforest, dry forest, spiny forest, submontane forest, cloud forest and several ecosystems, such as Mangroves, Seagrasses, Coral reefs, Rocky coastline, Lagoons, etc.

'''''Hydrography''''':
Consists of two drainage systems, the maritime one is formed by a set of small streams and creeks that flow into the sea and the continental one is formed by the streams that flow into the Rio Piedras.

'''''Flora and Fauna''''':
The park has a natural wealth flora of over 350 maritime species and 770 terrestrial along with an extensive fauna, 15 species of amphibians, 202 species of sponges, 471 species of crustaceans, 96 species of annuals, 700 species of molluscs, 110 species of corals and 401 species of sea and river fish, 108 species of mammals, 300 species of birds, 70 species of bats, 31 species of reptiles. The coastal zone has the greatest wealth of marine vegetation of the whole Colombian Caribbean, with more than 31 types of different plants

*'''''Cultural features''''':
'''''History''''':
The Tayrona, an ancient indigenous group of chiefdoms, dwelled this region (Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta) between the 800 a.C. and the 1600 a.C., before the arrival of the Spanish in Colombia, their economy was based on agriculture of fruital trees, corn crops and plants. They developed their civilization at 900 - 2000 meters above the sea, due to the mild climate and the variety of local products.

1498: First contact between indigenous and Spanish with Fernando González de Oviedo.

1525: Foundation of Santa Marta city.

1525-1599: Instability between Tayronas and Spanish which led to intense periods of conflict and war.

1600: Beginning of the decimation of the indigenous in hands of the Spanish.

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:t1.jpg|''Ilustration: Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta''
Image:t2.jpg|''Ilustration: The population''
Image:t3.jpg|''Ilustration: The cities''
Image:t4.jpg|''Ilustration: Period of conflict with the Spanish''
</gallery>

The survivors of this decimation were interned in the highest parts of the massif to escape from the Spanish; their descendants are the Kogi, who has maintained themselves isolated so far.

1973: A grave robber, found Lost City (Spanish: Ciudad Perdida).

1976: A Colombian scientific expedition arrived to the Lost City and begging with a process of restoration and conservation of the archaeological remains and the terraces of the city and the entire park.

1979: Is declared a Biosphere reserve of humanity by UNESCO

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:k1.jpg|''Tayronas descendants, The Koguis''
Image:k2.jpg|''Kogui's Houses''
Image:k3.jpg|''Kogui's cities''

</gallery>

The Eco-tourism there, is a great way to being interest and economic infrastructure to the reserve, without causing any damage to the ecosystem. It is amazing to be able to witness such a variety of ecosystems and also the archaeological remains of a Tayrona city of pre-colombian Colombia, the white sand beaches and waters in deep blue, gives great natural and historical diversity to the landscape.''

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case and take the following aspects into account:''
* ''natural dynamic versus cultural framework - in how far do these two forces come together in your case?''
* ''dynamic through the year (you may imagine how the site looks in spring and summer, maybe you also remember it)''
* ''highlight potentials and problems''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:a1.jpg|Elevation of the Park, main different heights
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|analytical drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|analytical drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|analytical drawing 4
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
* ''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) for your case and take the following aspects into account:''
** ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:p1.jpg|Location of the new stone paths to make more effective the rubbish collection
Image:p2.jpg|View of the new pedestrian paths (Based on Tayrona architecture)
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|projective drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|projective drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
''Please summarize your case and give arguments for your projective design (approx 150 words).''

Is a natural reserve part of the Colombian heritage located in the Department of Magdalena in the Caribbean coast. The region has indigenous vestiges from this community and there is a city call Lost City, where one can see the infrastructure, architecture and environmental management that this indigenous has. It's one of the most important natural parks in Colombia. Here one can find all the weathers, this is because the park rise from sea level to 5000 mts in the Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta (located in the Andes range), the highest altitude in Colombia. The pyramid shape of the mountains makes this region to have a large amount of ecosystems and a wealth in its biodiversity. This draws attention to thousands of tourists who visit the park every year.

The tourist has been causing a big contamination inside the park because of the rubbish that they generate, mainly in the shoreline. To forbid the access of some kind of food in the park will help to mitigate the negative impact that the rubbish has on it. Then, implementing rubbish recollection points along the main places in the shoreline of the park ensure the success of getting rid off of it. New pedestrian stone paths in the most critical areas which leads to the rubbish recollection points will help the park crew with the conservation of the biodiversity as some forest ecosystems are in danger because of this problem.

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:cp.1.jpg|image 1
Image:cp.2.jpg|image 2
Image:cp.3.jpg|image 3
Image:cp.4.jpg|image 4
Image:cp.5.jpg|image 2
Image:cp.6.jpg|image 3
Image:cp.8.jpg|image 4
Image:cp.9.jpg|image 4
</gallery>

== References ==
''* Please make sure that you give proper references of all external resources used.''

*http://www.parquesnacionales.gov.co/PNN/portel/libreria/php/decide.php?patron=01.022917

*http://www.banrepcultural.org/blaavirtual/ninos/taironas/tairona10.htm

*http://cienciassociales6cacs.blogspot.de/2013/09/iv-periodo.html

*http://www.guiatodo.com.co/parques-naturales/detalle/parque_nacional_natural_tayrona

*http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gELsrWawkpQ

''* Do not use images of which you do not hold the copyright.''

''* Please add internet links to other resources if necessary.''

----
[[Category:Planting Design 2013 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

File:Cp.9.JPG

2013-12-18T19:01:21Z

Maria.fernanda:

File:Cp.8.jpg

2013-12-18T19:01:00Z

Maria.fernanda:

Planting Design 2013 Working Group 6 - Case Study C

2013-12-18T18:56:34Z

Maria.fernanda: /* Projective drawings */

---> back to group page [[Planting_Design_2013_-_Working_Group_6|working group 6]]

'''''Natural environments, and how they return us to our roots'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Tayrona National Natural Park''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Colombian Caribbean - Magdalena''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Colombia''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''María Fernanda González Duque''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:p.tayrona.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=11.296934
|lng=-74.166496
|zoom=8
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

* ''Why did you select it?''

Natural Tayrona National Park ( declared so by the high biological and archaeological value) , is one of the most visited and important natural parks of Colombia, as it offers the spectator the opportunity to learn, live, perceive and explore the history of the country from its roots and gives them the opportunity to get to know more about the biodiversity that it has. Here ecoturism is not only well implemented, it also generates employment for the habitants of the region.

* ''Is it exemplary for a specific theme or a problem?''

Although the park is a natural reserve, ecohabs have been integrated as part of the ecoturism program with great success with Tayrona's architectural characteristics, which perfectly blends and complements the landscape. Besides, the park has archeological vestiges from the Pre-Colombian era, the most important is Lost City (Spanish: Ciudad Perdida), and some other indigenous settlements all connected by a net of stone paths used over 500 years ago by the Tayrona indigenous, which lead to the beaches and other magnificent places.

* ''In what ways does the landscape relate to your life? Why do you feel attatched to this landscpe?''

I live in the capital (Bogotá, which is located about 951 Km away from the park), and for me as an architect is really important to see historic and natural landscapes that are part of our heritage because it link us to our past. I believe protecting our heritage in every single way is crucial. The Tayrona civilization had an extensive knowledge about environmental care, as they had a very close relationship with the Natur; so I am interested in knowing more about it and also about the process of recovery, restoration and conservation of This kind of natural parks. ''

== Author's perspective ==
''From which professional background/perspective are your documenting this case?''

Sustainable, ecological and green design has been present in my designs always, for me as an architect the landscape plays a very important role in the whole project conception, as this should be tied to the environment without causing any damage; it also provides us with all the important aspects (weather, flora, fauna, population, etc.) to start a successful design. I am documenting this case from a sustainable architectural point of view.

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

* Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics
* Illustration: Map; sketches; short descriptive analyses

The Tayrona National Natural Park (Spanish: Parque Nacional Natural Tayrona), is located in the Department of Magdalena, north of Colombia, in the Caribbean sea. With approximately 30 Km2 of maritime area and 150 Km2 of land area, is one of the most visited Natural parks of this country. Its extension goes from Taganga (western side) trough the coastline, until the Piedras River (eastern side).

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:t.mapa.jpg|''Park Location''
Image:t.mapa2.jpg
Image:t.mapa3.jpg
</gallery>

*'''''Biogeography''':
'''''Ecosystems''''':
Due to the different altitudes presents around the park and the pyramid shape of the mountains, we can find temperatures between 25º and 32º, these conditions makes the park have a very dry or wet weather; here we can find tropical rainforest, dry forest, spiny forest, submontane forest, cloud forest and several ecosystems, such as Mangroves, Seagrasses, Coral reefs, Rocky coastline, Lagoons, etc.

'''''Hydrography''''':
Consists of two drainage systems, the maritime one is formed by a set of small streams and creeks that flow into the sea and the continental one is formed by the streams that flow into the Rio Piedras.

'''''Flora and Fauna''''':
The park has a natural wealth flora of over 350 maritime species and 770 terrestrial along with an extensive fauna, 15 species of amphibians, 202 species of sponges, 471 species of crustaceans, 96 species of annuals, 700 species of molluscs, 110 species of corals and 401 species of sea and river fish, 108 species of mammals, 300 species of birds, 70 species of bats, 31 species of reptiles. The coastal zone has the greatest wealth of marine vegetation of the whole Colombian Caribbean, with more than 31 types of different plants

*'''''Cultural features''''':
'''''History''''':
The Tayrona, an ancient indigenous group of chiefdoms, dwelled this region (Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta) between the 800 a.C. and the 1600 a.C., before the arrival of the Spanish in Colombia, their economy was based on agriculture of fruital trees, corn crops and plants. They developed their civilization at 900 - 2000 meters above the sea, due to the mild climate and the variety of local products.

1498: First contact between indigenous and Spanish with Fernando González de Oviedo.

1525: Foundation of Santa Marta city.

1525-1599: Instability between Tayronas and Spanish which led to intense periods of conflict and war.

1600: Beginning of the decimation of the indigenous in hands of the Spanish.

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:t1.jpg|''Ilustration: Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta''
Image:t2.jpg|''Ilustration: The population''
Image:t3.jpg|''Ilustration: The cities''
Image:t4.jpg|''Ilustration: Period of conflict with the Spanish''
</gallery>

The survivors of this decimation were interned in the highest parts of the massif to escape from the Spanish; their descendants are the Kogi, who has maintained themselves isolated so far.

1973: A grave robber, found Lost City (Spanish: Ciudad Perdida).

1976: A Colombian scientific expedition arrived to the Lost City and begging with a process of restoration and conservation of the archaeological remains and the terraces of the city and the entire park.

1979: Is declared a Biosphere reserve of humanity by UNESCO

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:k1.jpg|''Tayronas descendants, The Koguis''
Image:k2.jpg|''Kogui's Houses''
Image:k3.jpg|''Kogui's cities''

</gallery>

The Eco-tourism there, is a great way to being interest and economic infrastructure to the reserve, without causing any damage to the ecosystem. It is amazing to be able to witness such a variety of ecosystems and also the archaeological remains of a Tayrona city of pre-colombian Colombia, the white sand beaches and waters in deep blue, gives great natural and historical diversity to the landscape.''

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case and take the following aspects into account:''
* ''natural dynamic versus cultural framework - in how far do these two forces come together in your case?''
* ''dynamic through the year (you may imagine how the site looks in spring and summer, maybe you also remember it)''
* ''highlight potentials and problems''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:a1.jpg|Elevation of the Park, main different heights
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|analytical drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|analytical drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|analytical drawing 4
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
* ''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) for your case and take the following aspects into account:''
** ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:p1.jpg|Location of the new stone paths to make more effective the rubbish collection
Image:p2.jpg|View of the new pedestrian paths (Based on Tayrona architecture)
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|projective drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|projective drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
''Please summarize your case and give arguments for your projective design (approx 150 words).''

Is a natural reserve part of the Colombian heritage located in the Department of Magdalena in the Caribbean coast. The region has indigenous vestiges from this community and there is a city call Lost City, where one can see the infrastructure, architecture and environmental management that this indigenous has. It's one of the most important natural parks in Colombia. Here one can find all the weathers, this is because the park rise from sea level to 5000 mts in the Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta (located in the Andes range), the highest altitude in Colombia. The pyramid shape of the mountains makes this region to have a large amount of ecosystems and a wealth in its biodiversity. This draws attention to thousands of tourists who visit the park every year.

The tourist has been causing a big contamination inside the park because of the rubbish that they generate, mainly in the shoreline. To forbid the access of some kind of food in the park will help to mitigate the negative impact that the rubbish has on it. Then, implementing rubbish recollection points along the main places in the shoreline of the park ensure the success of getting rid off of it. New pedestrian stone paths in the most critical areas which leads to the rubbish recollection points will help the park crew with the conservation of the biodiversity as some forest ecosystems are in danger because of this problem.

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:cp.1.jpg|image 1
Image:cp.2.jpg|image 2
Image:cp.3.jpg|image 3
Image:cp.4.jpg|image 4
Image:cp.5.jpg|image 2
Image:cp.6.jpg|image 3
Image:cp.7.jpg|image 4
</gallery>

== References ==
''* Please make sure that you give proper references of all external resources used.''

*http://www.parquesnacionales.gov.co/PNN/portel/libreria/php/decide.php?patron=01.022917

*http://www.banrepcultural.org/blaavirtual/ninos/taironas/tairona10.htm

*http://cienciassociales6cacs.blogspot.de/2013/09/iv-periodo.html

*http://www.guiatodo.com.co/parques-naturales/detalle/parque_nacional_natural_tayrona

*http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gELsrWawkpQ

''* Do not use images of which you do not hold the copyright.''

''* Please add internet links to other resources if necessary.''

----
[[Category:Planting Design 2013 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

File:P2.jpg

2013-12-18T18:54:55Z

Maria.fernanda:

Planting Design 2013 Working Group 6 - Case Study C

2013-12-18T18:51:36Z

Maria.fernanda: /* Projective drawings */

---> back to group page [[Planting_Design_2013_-_Working_Group_6|working group 6]]

'''''Natural environments, and how they return us to our roots'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Tayrona National Natural Park''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Colombian Caribbean - Magdalena''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Colombia''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''María Fernanda González Duque''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:p.tayrona.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=11.296934
|lng=-74.166496
|zoom=8
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

* ''Why did you select it?''

Natural Tayrona National Park ( declared so by the high biological and archaeological value) , is one of the most visited and important natural parks of Colombia, as it offers the spectator the opportunity to learn, live, perceive and explore the history of the country from its roots and gives them the opportunity to get to know more about the biodiversity that it has. Here ecoturism is not only well implemented, it also generates employment for the habitants of the region.

* ''Is it exemplary for a specific theme or a problem?''

Although the park is a natural reserve, ecohabs have been integrated as part of the ecoturism program with great success with Tayrona's architectural characteristics, which perfectly blends and complements the landscape. Besides, the park has archeological vestiges from the Pre-Colombian era, the most important is Lost City (Spanish: Ciudad Perdida), and some other indigenous settlements all connected by a net of stone paths used over 500 years ago by the Tayrona indigenous, which lead to the beaches and other magnificent places.

* ''In what ways does the landscape relate to your life? Why do you feel attatched to this landscpe?''

I live in the capital (Bogotá, which is located about 951 Km away from the park), and for me as an architect is really important to see historic and natural landscapes that are part of our heritage because it link us to our past. I believe protecting our heritage in every single way is crucial. The Tayrona civilization had an extensive knowledge about environmental care, as they had a very close relationship with the Natur; so I am interested in knowing more about it and also about the process of recovery, restoration and conservation of This kind of natural parks. ''

== Author's perspective ==
''From which professional background/perspective are your documenting this case?''

Sustainable, ecological and green design has been present in my designs always, for me as an architect the landscape plays a very important role in the whole project conception, as this should be tied to the environment without causing any damage; it also provides us with all the important aspects (weather, flora, fauna, population, etc.) to start a successful design. I am documenting this case from a sustainable architectural point of view.

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

* Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics
* Illustration: Map; sketches; short descriptive analyses

The Tayrona National Natural Park (Spanish: Parque Nacional Natural Tayrona), is located in the Department of Magdalena, north of Colombia, in the Caribbean sea. With approximately 30 Km2 of maritime area and 150 Km2 of land area, is one of the most visited Natural parks of this country. Its extension goes from Taganga (western side) trough the coastline, until the Piedras River (eastern side).

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:t.mapa.jpg|''Park Location''
Image:t.mapa2.jpg
Image:t.mapa3.jpg
</gallery>

*'''''Biogeography''':
'''''Ecosystems''''':
Due to the different altitudes presents around the park and the pyramid shape of the mountains, we can find temperatures between 25º and 32º, these conditions makes the park have a very dry or wet weather; here we can find tropical rainforest, dry forest, spiny forest, submontane forest, cloud forest and several ecosystems, such as Mangroves, Seagrasses, Coral reefs, Rocky coastline, Lagoons, etc.

'''''Hydrography''''':
Consists of two drainage systems, the maritime one is formed by a set of small streams and creeks that flow into the sea and the continental one is formed by the streams that flow into the Rio Piedras.

'''''Flora and Fauna''''':
The park has a natural wealth flora of over 350 maritime species and 770 terrestrial along with an extensive fauna, 15 species of amphibians, 202 species of sponges, 471 species of crustaceans, 96 species of annuals, 700 species of molluscs, 110 species of corals and 401 species of sea and river fish, 108 species of mammals, 300 species of birds, 70 species of bats, 31 species of reptiles. The coastal zone has the greatest wealth of marine vegetation of the whole Colombian Caribbean, with more than 31 types of different plants

*'''''Cultural features''''':
'''''History''''':
The Tayrona, an ancient indigenous group of chiefdoms, dwelled this region (Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta) between the 800 a.C. and the 1600 a.C., before the arrival of the Spanish in Colombia, their economy was based on agriculture of fruital trees, corn crops and plants. They developed their civilization at 900 - 2000 meters above the sea, due to the mild climate and the variety of local products.

1498: First contact between indigenous and Spanish with Fernando González de Oviedo.

1525: Foundation of Santa Marta city.

1525-1599: Instability between Tayronas and Spanish which led to intense periods of conflict and war.

1600: Beginning of the decimation of the indigenous in hands of the Spanish.

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:t1.jpg|''Ilustration: Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta''
Image:t2.jpg|''Ilustration: The population''
Image:t3.jpg|''Ilustration: The cities''
Image:t4.jpg|''Ilustration: Period of conflict with the Spanish''
</gallery>

The survivors of this decimation were interned in the highest parts of the massif to escape from the Spanish; their descendants are the Kogi, who has maintained themselves isolated so far.

1973: A grave robber, found Lost City (Spanish: Ciudad Perdida).

1976: A Colombian scientific expedition arrived to the Lost City and begging with a process of restoration and conservation of the archaeological remains and the terraces of the city and the entire park.

1979: Is declared a Biosphere reserve of humanity by UNESCO

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:k1.jpg|''Tayronas descendants, The Koguis''
Image:k2.jpg|''Kogui's Houses''
Image:k3.jpg|''Kogui's cities''

</gallery>

The Eco-tourism there, is a great way to being interest and economic infrastructure to the reserve, without causing any damage to the ecosystem. It is amazing to be able to witness such a variety of ecosystems and also the archaeological remains of a Tayrona city of pre-colombian Colombia, the white sand beaches and waters in deep blue, gives great natural and historical diversity to the landscape.''

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case and take the following aspects into account:''
* ''natural dynamic versus cultural framework - in how far do these two forces come together in your case?''
* ''dynamic through the year (you may imagine how the site looks in spring and summer, maybe you also remember it)''
* ''highlight potentials and problems''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:a1.jpg|Elevation of the Park, main different heights
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|analytical drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|analytical drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|analytical drawing 4
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
* ''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) for your case and take the following aspects into account:''
** ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:p1.jpg|Location of the new stone paths to make more effective the rubbish collection
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|projective drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|projective drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|projective drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
''Please summarize your case and give arguments for your projective design (approx 150 words).''

Is a natural reserve part of the Colombian heritage located in the Department of Magdalena in the Caribbean coast. The region has indigenous vestiges from this community and there is a city call Lost City, where one can see the infrastructure, architecture and environmental management that this indigenous has. It's one of the most important natural parks in Colombia. Here one can find all the weathers, this is because the park rise from sea level to 5000 mts in the Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta (located in the Andes range), the highest altitude in Colombia. The pyramid shape of the mountains makes this region to have a large amount of ecosystems and a wealth in its biodiversity. This draws attention to thousands of tourists who visit the park every year.

The tourist has been causing a big contamination inside the park because of the rubbish that they generate, mainly in the shoreline. To forbid the access of some kind of food in the park will help to mitigate the negative impact that the rubbish has on it. Then, implementing rubbish recollection points along the main places in the shoreline of the park ensure the success of getting rid off of it. New pedestrian stone paths in the most critical areas which leads to the rubbish recollection points will help the park crew with the conservation of the biodiversity as some forest ecosystems are in danger because of this problem.

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:cp.1.jpg|image 1
Image:cp.2.jpg|image 2
Image:cp.3.jpg|image 3
Image:cp.4.jpg|image 4
Image:cp.5.jpg|image 2
Image:cp.6.jpg|image 3
Image:cp.7.jpg|image 4
</gallery>

== References ==
''* Please make sure that you give proper references of all external resources used.''

*http://www.parquesnacionales.gov.co/PNN/portel/libreria/php/decide.php?patron=01.022917

*http://www.banrepcultural.org/blaavirtual/ninos/taironas/tairona10.htm

*http://cienciassociales6cacs.blogspot.de/2013/09/iv-periodo.html

*http://www.guiatodo.com.co/parques-naturales/detalle/parque_nacional_natural_tayrona

*http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gELsrWawkpQ

''* Do not use images of which you do not hold the copyright.''

''* Please add internet links to other resources if necessary.''

----
[[Category:Planting Design 2013 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

File:P1.jpg

2013-12-18T18:48:38Z

Maria.fernanda: uploaded a new version of "File:P1.jpg"

Planting Design 2013 Working Group 6 - Case Study C

2013-12-18T18:47:54Z

Maria.fernanda: /* Analytical drawings */

---> back to group page [[Planting_Design_2013_-_Working_Group_6|working group 6]]

'''''Natural environments, and how they return us to our roots'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Tayrona National Natural Park''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Colombian Caribbean - Magdalena''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Colombia''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''María Fernanda González Duque''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:p.tayrona.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=11.296934
|lng=-74.166496
|zoom=8
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

* ''Why did you select it?''

Natural Tayrona National Park ( declared so by the high biological and archaeological value) , is one of the most visited and important natural parks of Colombia, as it offers the spectator the opportunity to learn, live, perceive and explore the history of the country from its roots and gives them the opportunity to get to know more about the biodiversity that it has. Here ecoturism is not only well implemented, it also generates employment for the habitants of the region.

* ''Is it exemplary for a specific theme or a problem?''

Although the park is a natural reserve, ecohabs have been integrated as part of the ecoturism program with great success with Tayrona's architectural characteristics, which perfectly blends and complements the landscape. Besides, the park has archeological vestiges from the Pre-Colombian era, the most important is Lost City (Spanish: Ciudad Perdida), and some other indigenous settlements all connected by a net of stone paths used over 500 years ago by the Tayrona indigenous, which lead to the beaches and other magnificent places.

* ''In what ways does the landscape relate to your life? Why do you feel attatched to this landscpe?''

I live in the capital (Bogotá, which is located about 951 Km away from the park), and for me as an architect is really important to see historic and natural landscapes that are part of our heritage because it link us to our past. I believe protecting our heritage in every single way is crucial. The Tayrona civilization had an extensive knowledge about environmental care, as they had a very close relationship with the Natur; so I am interested in knowing more about it and also about the process of recovery, restoration and conservation of This kind of natural parks. ''

== Author's perspective ==
''From which professional background/perspective are your documenting this case?''

Sustainable, ecological and green design has been present in my designs always, for me as an architect the landscape plays a very important role in the whole project conception, as this should be tied to the environment without causing any damage; it also provides us with all the important aspects (weather, flora, fauna, population, etc.) to start a successful design. I am documenting this case from a sustainable architectural point of view.

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

* Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics
* Illustration: Map; sketches; short descriptive analyses

The Tayrona National Natural Park (Spanish: Parque Nacional Natural Tayrona), is located in the Department of Magdalena, north of Colombia, in the Caribbean sea. With approximately 30 Km2 of maritime area and 150 Km2 of land area, is one of the most visited Natural parks of this country. Its extension goes from Taganga (western side) trough the coastline, until the Piedras River (eastern side).

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:t.mapa.jpg|''Park Location''
Image:t.mapa2.jpg
Image:t.mapa3.jpg
</gallery>

*'''''Biogeography''':
'''''Ecosystems''''':
Due to the different altitudes presents around the park and the pyramid shape of the mountains, we can find temperatures between 25º and 32º, these conditions makes the park have a very dry or wet weather; here we can find tropical rainforest, dry forest, spiny forest, submontane forest, cloud forest and several ecosystems, such as Mangroves, Seagrasses, Coral reefs, Rocky coastline, Lagoons, etc.

'''''Hydrography''''':
Consists of two drainage systems, the maritime one is formed by a set of small streams and creeks that flow into the sea and the continental one is formed by the streams that flow into the Rio Piedras.

'''''Flora and Fauna''''':
The park has a natural wealth flora of over 350 maritime species and 770 terrestrial along with an extensive fauna, 15 species of amphibians, 202 species of sponges, 471 species of crustaceans, 96 species of annuals, 700 species of molluscs, 110 species of corals and 401 species of sea and river fish, 108 species of mammals, 300 species of birds, 70 species of bats, 31 species of reptiles. The coastal zone has the greatest wealth of marine vegetation of the whole Colombian Caribbean, with more than 31 types of different plants

*'''''Cultural features''''':
'''''History''''':
The Tayrona, an ancient indigenous group of chiefdoms, dwelled this region (Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta) between the 800 a.C. and the 1600 a.C., before the arrival of the Spanish in Colombia, their economy was based on agriculture of fruital trees, corn crops and plants. They developed their civilization at 900 - 2000 meters above the sea, due to the mild climate and the variety of local products.

1498: First contact between indigenous and Spanish with Fernando González de Oviedo.

1525: Foundation of Santa Marta city.

1525-1599: Instability between Tayronas and Spanish which led to intense periods of conflict and war.

1600: Beginning of the decimation of the indigenous in hands of the Spanish.

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:t1.jpg|''Ilustration: Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta''
Image:t2.jpg|''Ilustration: The population''
Image:t3.jpg|''Ilustration: The cities''
Image:t4.jpg|''Ilustration: Period of conflict with the Spanish''
</gallery>

The survivors of this decimation were interned in the highest parts of the massif to escape from the Spanish; their descendants are the Kogi, who has maintained themselves isolated so far.

1973: A grave robber, found Lost City (Spanish: Ciudad Perdida).

1976: A Colombian scientific expedition arrived to the Lost City and begging with a process of restoration and conservation of the archaeological remains and the terraces of the city and the entire park.

1979: Is declared a Biosphere reserve of humanity by UNESCO

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:k1.jpg|''Tayronas descendants, The Koguis''
Image:k2.jpg|''Kogui's Houses''
Image:k3.jpg|''Kogui's cities''

</gallery>

The Eco-tourism there, is a great way to being interest and economic infrastructure to the reserve, without causing any damage to the ecosystem. It is amazing to be able to witness such a variety of ecosystems and also the archaeological remains of a Tayrona city of pre-colombian Colombia, the white sand beaches and waters in deep blue, gives great natural and historical diversity to the landscape.''

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case and take the following aspects into account:''
* ''natural dynamic versus cultural framework - in how far do these two forces come together in your case?''
* ''dynamic through the year (you may imagine how the site looks in spring and summer, maybe you also remember it)''
* ''highlight potentials and problems''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:a1.jpg|Elevation of the Park, main different heights
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|analytical drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|analytical drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|analytical drawing 4
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
* ''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) for your case and take the following aspects into account:''
** ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|projective drawing 1
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|projective drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|projective drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|projective drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
''Please summarize your case and give arguments for your projective design (approx 150 words).''

Is a natural reserve part of the Colombian heritage located in the Department of Magdalena in the Caribbean coast. The region has indigenous vestiges from this community and there is a city call Lost City, where one can see the infrastructure, architecture and environmental management that this indigenous has. It's one of the most important natural parks in Colombia. Here one can find all the weathers, this is because the park rise from sea level to 5000 mts in the Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta (located in the Andes range), the highest altitude in Colombia. The pyramid shape of the mountains makes this region to have a large amount of ecosystems and a wealth in its biodiversity. This draws attention to thousands of tourists who visit the park every year.

The tourist has been causing a big contamination inside the park because of the rubbish that they generate, mainly in the shoreline. To forbid the access of some kind of food in the park will help to mitigate the negative impact that the rubbish has on it. Then, implementing rubbish recollection points along the main places in the shoreline of the park ensure the success of getting rid off of it. New pedestrian stone paths in the most critical areas which leads to the rubbish recollection points will help the park crew with the conservation of the biodiversity as some forest ecosystems are in danger because of this problem.

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:cp.1.jpg|image 1
Image:cp.2.jpg|image 2
Image:cp.3.jpg|image 3
Image:cp.4.jpg|image 4
Image:cp.5.jpg|image 2
Image:cp.6.jpg|image 3
Image:cp.7.jpg|image 4
</gallery>

== References ==
''* Please make sure that you give proper references of all external resources used.''

*http://www.parquesnacionales.gov.co/PNN/portel/libreria/php/decide.php?patron=01.022917

*http://www.banrepcultural.org/blaavirtual/ninos/taironas/tairona10.htm

*http://cienciassociales6cacs.blogspot.de/2013/09/iv-periodo.html

*http://www.guiatodo.com.co/parques-naturales/detalle/parque_nacional_natural_tayrona

*http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gELsrWawkpQ

''* Do not use images of which you do not hold the copyright.''

''* Please add internet links to other resources if necessary.''

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[[Category:Planting Design 2013 Case Study]]

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2013-12-18T18:45:42Z

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