Wikienfk5 - User contributions [en]

Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group G

2015-02-22T04:58:38Z

Majida: /* What are the overall objectives of your design? What are the specific objectives for enhancing green infrastrucutre? */

---> back to group page [[Green Infrastructure 2014 - Working Group G|working group G]]

'''Girona river'''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Girona river''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Marina Alta''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Spain''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Maria Josep Ripoll, Majid Amani Beni, Catalina Papiu-Zoran''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Riu_Girona_als_Poblets_Espencat.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=38.807194
|lng=-0.049115
|zoom=8
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

Girona river is born at 650 meters over the see level in the small town of Vall d’Alcalà. In the west side of the Marina Alta county. It has 34.7 km long and his drainage basin has 105 km². The river crosses the spectacular and hilly site known as “Barranc de l’Infern” (Devil’s gorge). It has an important geological and archeological value, and is highly appreciated by hikers and climbers. At the exit of the Devil’s gorge, a dam was builded on 1944 to increase water supply but it failed because of the permeable soil below the damp. Today the damp is almost silt with sediments and it hardly works delaying the flash flood.
All these area upstream is a natural protected zone associated to the European Natura 2000. It is protected as a Site of Community Importance (SCI) and a Special Protection Area of Wild Birds (SPA).

From the damp to the sea, the river has 20.38km long. This stretch of the river plain does not have any kind of protection. After the damp, the river crosses a width river plain that shapes the north of the Marina Alta county. The richest soils for agriculture are found here. The matrix of the river plain is composed mostly by orchards and vegetable gardens. The river is followed by several towns, some of them in the river banks.
The river plain is crossed by road infrastructures (motorway, highway, roads). Several urban settlements and activities are placed there: towns, urban sprawl, shopping mall, industrial areas.

Girona River ends in a sandy beach in the Mediterranean sea. It’s last stretch is surrounded by urban sprawl, detached and semi-detached houses for tourists or owned by elderly residents from central and north Europa. A submarine area about 2.200 ha in front of the Girona river mouth is protected as a SCI and SPA because it keeps a big Posidonia oceanica reef (seagrass endemic to the Mediterranean sea) very important for sea birds feeding.

Some details about the towns in the river plain:

'''Population:'''
Beniarbeig: 1.915 inhabitants (2013)
Ondara: 6.613 inhabitants (2013)
El Verger: 4.856 inhabitants (2013)
Els Poblets: 3.402 inhabitants (2013)

The tourism and foreign residents has an important impact over population and public services. A lot of foreign residents owned a house and spend part of the year in our county; tourist rent a house or a flat or a room in a hotel for vacations. This “floating” population is not included in the population census but they use infrastructures and public services that used to become overloaded on vacations. Most of the foreign residents are elderly which increases the average age and implies more pressure over medical public services.

'''Economy:'''
The economy of the towns around the Girona river are based mainly on the services sector (tourism, restaurants, transport, retailing and wholesaling, etc.) and construction sector. The industrial sector is formed by small family business based on traditional manufactured items (furniture, leather industry). Nevertheless, the agriculture sector is still important with the traditional production of oranges and the new introduction of kakis.

'''River vegetation and fauna'''
The riverbank vegetation is diverse and mainly composed by perennial vegetation: reedbed (Phargmites communis), rhizomatous grasses (Paspalum paspaloides, Paspalum vaginatum), water vegetation (Ranunculus, Potamogeton, etc.), trees such as Salix, Populus, Pinus halepensis, and bushes such as Nerium oleander, Rubus, Rosa canina, Crataegus monogyna, etc. Nevertheless, one species is dominating along the river: Arundo donax, a perennial invasive cane. This cane grows really fast and is reducing the population of native species.
The vegetation gives shelter to different species of fish, amphibian or crustacean. Some of them are endemic and fragile or are endangered.
The amount and variety of birds that visit the Girona river is increasing because of the proximity of the Oliva-Pego Marsh Natural Park. Several protected species of birds spend the winter or nest in the marsh and used the Girona river (upstream and downstream) to graze and feeding.

'''River water quality'''
Using a biological index IBMWP (Iberian Biomonitoring Working Party) it is possible to stablish the water quality depending of the macro- invertebrates collected in different water samples (2004 and 2005). Near the town of Sanet the index was 127 and in El Verger 97, corresponding to index values of very good quality (good ecological condition, water without contamination or not disrupted). (Zamora et al. 2005)

'''History'''
Before the second half of the 20th century, the river was very important for the daily life of the towns surrounding the river. People got canes as construction material and to feed the livestock. Sand and stones were used in construction too. But most of all, the water was used for irrigation. Some of the towns were really rich providing vegetables and fruits to the market.

'''Dynamics'''
The urban pressure and the new economic activities are the dynamics behind it’s degradation. Today the river is almost abandoned. Infrastructures and urban activities near the river are narrowing the river bed and blocking the water flow. And the industrial activities are throwing waste and polluting the water.

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Riu Girona Description.jpg|Location
Image:RiuGironaDescription2.jpg|Description
Image:Girona_basin.jpg|Drainage basin
Image:Girona_tributaires.jpg|Tributaires
Image:Girona_protectedareas.jpg|Protected areas
Image:Girona_settlements.jpg|Settlements
Image:study-area-and-detailed-case-study_location.jpg|Study area and case study location
Image:study area_Land planning.jpg|Study area: river plain land planning
Image:study area_Land zoning.jpg|Study area: river plain land zoning
Image:study area_flood riskiness.jpg|Study area: flood riskiness
Image:study area_natural and protected areas.jpg|Study area: natural and protected areas
Image:CASE-STUDY_BENIARBEIG_1-5000.jpg|Case study: Beniarbeig. Aerial view
Image:CASE-STUDY_BENIARBEIG_Land-planning.jpg|Case study: Land planning
Image:CASE-STUDY_BENIARBEIG_Land-zoning.jpg|Case study: Land zoning
Image:CASE-STUDY_BENIARBEIG_natural-and-open-areas.jpg|Case study: Natural and open areas
</gallery>

== What are the overall objectives of your design? What are the specific objectives for enhancing green infrastrucutre? ==

''Please give a short written argumentation (not more than 150 words). It is ok if you have different or even contradicting objectives within your group. Just make it explicit at the beginning of your process ''

From one view point, There is not enough connection between the river and some green islands (Green spaces) in the town (Photo: The town, The river and Green islands -Current condition). If it could be possible to make a connection between the green islands of the town and also between the island and the river, we would have more ecological, sustainable and aesthetic landscape.

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing.''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:CASE-STUDY_BENIARBEIG_GI-oportunities.jpg|GI oportunities
Image:The town, The river and Green islands.jpg|The town, The river and Green islands (Current condition)
Image:Flooding.jpg|Flooding settlements/river section (Catalina)
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|analytical drawing 4
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes), of course with an emphasis on green infrastructure aspects. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing representing his/her individual ideas.''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Proposed for future.jpg|The town, The river and Green islands (Proposed for future)(Majid)
Image:River_proposal1.jpg|Projective drawing of the river sides (Catalina)
Image:Solutions.jpg|GI solution for built and natural areas (Catalina)
Image:River-girona-public-use-def.jpg|The river as a green public space (Maria)
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==
''Please analyse the individual approaches presented so far and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses (you may use the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis SWOT]analysis model). Try to create a synthesis and represent it with a plan and some sketches. You can still use drawings/sketches.''

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Design Synthesis Group G -1.jpeg|synthesis drawing 1
Image:Design Synthesis Group G -2.jpeg|synthesis drawing 2
Image:River-girona-public-use-def.jpg|synthesis drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|synthesis drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''Please reflect on your collaborative design process. Which potentials have you encountered? What was most difficult? What does collaborative design mean for you? (approx 150 words).''

the case study (Girona river and The town) has good potentials and opportunities to be a more rich and sustainable landscape. Some important Opportunities are as bellow:

- Connection to the sea

- Connection to different small towns across the river

- Proximity to protected areas

- Agricultural landscape and a dense network of paths

It is believed that, this proposed plan (current study) could be executed in the site. Adding the green infrastructures is a important criteria in this plan. It would solve some current weaknesses and Threats in the site (mentioned in this page). As a result of applying this plan, more sustainable, healthy and effective landscape would be seen in future.

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:flood1_byPCRG.jpg|Flood on 2007
Image:flood2_byPCRG.jpg|Beniarbeig bridge collapsed 2007
Image:flood3_by_PCRG.jpg|Flood El Verger 2007. Bridge under water
Image:flood4_by_PCRG.jpg|Flood El Verger 2007
Image:flood5_by_PCRG.jpg|flood El Verger 2007
Image:El_verger_riu_girona_by_Espencat.jpg|Girona River at El Verger
Image:Riu_Girona_a_Beiarbeig_by_Espencat.jpg|Girona River at Beniarbeig
Image:pan_beniarbeig_vora-concava_b.jpg|Meander at Beniarbeig
Image:pan_riu_verger_b.jpg|Arundo donax
Image:riu1.jpg|Bird taking a bath
Image:Riu2.JPG|River at Beniarbeig
Image:Riu3.JPG|River at Beniarbeig
Image:Riu4.JPG|Entering to El Verger
Image:Riu5.JPG|your image text
Image:Riu7.JPG|your image text
Image:Riu8.JPG|your image text
Image:Riu9.JPG|your image text
Image:Riu10.JPG|your image text
Image:Riu11.JPG|Under the highway
Image:Riu12.JPG|Highway
Image:riu13.jpg|Els Poblets
</gallery>

== References ==

Confederación hidrogràfica del Júcar (CHX) (2009): Lluvias de octubre de 2007. Trabajos realizados por la Confederación Hidrogràfica del Júcar. Ministerio de Medio Ambiente.

Confederación hidrogràfica del Júcar (CHX) (2011) version preliminar: Memora del Plan Director de Defensa Contra las Avenidas en la Comarca de la Marina Alta. Ministerio de Medio Ambiente.

Costa Mas, J. (1977): El marquesat de Dénia. Estudio geográfico. Departamentos de geografia de Valencia y Alicante, Universitat de València. ISBN: 84-370-0041-6

Costa Mas, J. (2008): El marco geográfico, demográfico y económico de la comarca de la Marina Alta. En: “Historia de la Marina Alta” Tomo I. Insitut d'estudis comarcals de la Marina Alta (IECMA). ISBN: 978-84-931704-4-8

Ripoll Berenguer, M.J. (2008): Pressions i conflictes territorials en el litoral mediterrani: La Marina Alta. Institut Alacantí de Cultura Juan Gil-Albert. Alacant. ISBN: 978-84-7784-538-6

Segura Beltrán, F. (2009): Geomorfología, inundacions y alteración antròpica del espacio inundable: el caso del riu Girona (Alacant, 2007). Boletín de la Asociación Española de Geógrafos, nº 49, pag. 83-103. ISSN: 0212-9426

Zamora, L.; Mezquita, F.; Rueda, J. (2005): Biodiversitat i ecología dels invertebrats aquàtics continentals de la Marina Alta i el seu valor com a indicadors de qualitat de les aigües de la comarca. Institut Alacantí de Cultura “Juan Gil-Albert”. Alacant.

http://riuadagirona.blogspot.com

www.daualdeu.wordpress.com

Wikipedia

Google maps

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Collaborative Design]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group G

2015-02-22T04:49:24Z

Majida: /* Summary of the collaborative process */

---> back to group page [[Green Infrastructure 2014 - Working Group G|working group G]]

'''Girona river'''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Girona river''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Marina Alta''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Spain''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Maria Josep Ripoll, Majid Amani Beni, Catalina Papiu-Zoran''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Riu_Girona_als_Poblets_Espencat.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=38.807194
|lng=-0.049115
|zoom=8
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

Girona river is born at 650 meters over the see level in the small town of Vall d’Alcalà. In the west side of the Marina Alta county. It has 34.7 km long and his drainage basin has 105 km². The river crosses the spectacular and hilly site known as “Barranc de l’Infern” (Devil’s gorge). It has an important geological and archeological value, and is highly appreciated by hikers and climbers. At the exit of the Devil’s gorge, a dam was builded on 1944 to increase water supply but it failed because of the permeable soil below the damp. Today the damp is almost silt with sediments and it hardly works delaying the flash flood.
All these area upstream is a natural protected zone associated to the European Natura 2000. It is protected as a Site of Community Importance (SCI) and a Special Protection Area of Wild Birds (SPA).

From the damp to the sea, the river has 20.38km long. This stretch of the river plain does not have any kind of protection. After the damp, the river crosses a width river plain that shapes the north of the Marina Alta county. The richest soils for agriculture are found here. The matrix of the river plain is composed mostly by orchards and vegetable gardens. The river is followed by several towns, some of them in the river banks.
The river plain is crossed by road infrastructures (motorway, highway, roads). Several urban settlements and activities are placed there: towns, urban sprawl, shopping mall, industrial areas.

Girona River ends in a sandy beach in the Mediterranean sea. It’s last stretch is surrounded by urban sprawl, detached and semi-detached houses for tourists or owned by elderly residents from central and north Europa. A submarine area about 2.200 ha in front of the Girona river mouth is protected as a SCI and SPA because it keeps a big Posidonia oceanica reef (seagrass endemic to the Mediterranean sea) very important for sea birds feeding.

Some details about the towns in the river plain:

'''Population:'''
Beniarbeig: 1.915 inhabitants (2013)
Ondara: 6.613 inhabitants (2013)
El Verger: 4.856 inhabitants (2013)
Els Poblets: 3.402 inhabitants (2013)

The tourism and foreign residents has an important impact over population and public services. A lot of foreign residents owned a house and spend part of the year in our county; tourist rent a house or a flat or a room in a hotel for vacations. This “floating” population is not included in the population census but they use infrastructures and public services that used to become overloaded on vacations. Most of the foreign residents are elderly which increases the average age and implies more pressure over medical public services.

'''Economy:'''
The economy of the towns around the Girona river are based mainly on the services sector (tourism, restaurants, transport, retailing and wholesaling, etc.) and construction sector. The industrial sector is formed by small family business based on traditional manufactured items (furniture, leather industry). Nevertheless, the agriculture sector is still important with the traditional production of oranges and the new introduction of kakis.

'''River vegetation and fauna'''
The riverbank vegetation is diverse and mainly composed by perennial vegetation: reedbed (Phargmites communis), rhizomatous grasses (Paspalum paspaloides, Paspalum vaginatum), water vegetation (Ranunculus, Potamogeton, etc.), trees such as Salix, Populus, Pinus halepensis, and bushes such as Nerium oleander, Rubus, Rosa canina, Crataegus monogyna, etc. Nevertheless, one species is dominating along the river: Arundo donax, a perennial invasive cane. This cane grows really fast and is reducing the population of native species.
The vegetation gives shelter to different species of fish, amphibian or crustacean. Some of them are endemic and fragile or are endangered.
The amount and variety of birds that visit the Girona river is increasing because of the proximity of the Oliva-Pego Marsh Natural Park. Several protected species of birds spend the winter or nest in the marsh and used the Girona river (upstream and downstream) to graze and feeding.

'''River water quality'''
Using a biological index IBMWP (Iberian Biomonitoring Working Party) it is possible to stablish the water quality depending of the macro- invertebrates collected in different water samples (2004 and 2005). Near the town of Sanet the index was 127 and in El Verger 97, corresponding to index values of very good quality (good ecological condition, water without contamination or not disrupted). (Zamora et al. 2005)

'''History'''
Before the second half of the 20th century, the river was very important for the daily life of the towns surrounding the river. People got canes as construction material and to feed the livestock. Sand and stones were used in construction too. But most of all, the water was used for irrigation. Some of the towns were really rich providing vegetables and fruits to the market.

'''Dynamics'''
The urban pressure and the new economic activities are the dynamics behind it’s degradation. Today the river is almost abandoned. Infrastructures and urban activities near the river are narrowing the river bed and blocking the water flow. And the industrial activities are throwing waste and polluting the water.

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Riu Girona Description.jpg|Location
Image:RiuGironaDescription2.jpg|Description
Image:Girona_basin.jpg|Drainage basin
Image:Girona_tributaires.jpg|Tributaires
Image:Girona_protectedareas.jpg|Protected areas
Image:Girona_settlements.jpg|Settlements
Image:study-area-and-detailed-case-study_location.jpg|Study area and case study location
Image:study area_Land planning.jpg|Study area: river plain land planning
Image:study area_Land zoning.jpg|Study area: river plain land zoning
Image:study area_flood riskiness.jpg|Study area: flood riskiness
Image:study area_natural and protected areas.jpg|Study area: natural and protected areas
Image:CASE-STUDY_BENIARBEIG_1-5000.jpg|Case study: Beniarbeig. Aerial view
Image:CASE-STUDY_BENIARBEIG_Land-planning.jpg|Case study: Land planning
Image:CASE-STUDY_BENIARBEIG_Land-zoning.jpg|Case study: Land zoning
Image:CASE-STUDY_BENIARBEIG_natural-and-open-areas.jpg|Case study: Natural and open areas
</gallery>

== What are the overall objectives of your design? What are the specific objectives for enhancing green infrastrucutre? ==

''Please give a short written argumentation (not more than 150 words). It is ok if you have different or even contradicting objectives within your group. Just make it explicit at the beginning of your process ''

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing.''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:CASE-STUDY_BENIARBEIG_GI-oportunities.jpg|GI oportunities
Image:The town, The river and Green islands.jpg|The town, The river and Green islands (Current condition)
Image:Flooding.jpg|Flooding settlements/river section (Catalina)
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|analytical drawing 4
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes), of course with an emphasis on green infrastructure aspects. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing representing his/her individual ideas.''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Proposed for future.jpg|The town, The river and Green islands (Proposed for future)(Majid)
Image:River_proposal1.jpg|Projective drawing of the river sides (Catalina)
Image:Solutions.jpg|GI solution for built and natural areas (Catalina)
Image:River-girona-public-use-def.jpg|The river as a green public space (Maria)
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==
''Please analyse the individual approaches presented so far and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses (you may use the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis SWOT]analysis model). Try to create a synthesis and represent it with a plan and some sketches. You can still use drawings/sketches.''

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Design Synthesis Group G -1.jpeg|synthesis drawing 1
Image:Design Synthesis Group G -2.jpeg|synthesis drawing 2
Image:River-girona-public-use-def.jpg|synthesis drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|synthesis drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''Please reflect on your collaborative design process. Which potentials have you encountered? What was most difficult? What does collaborative design mean for you? (approx 150 words).''

the case study (Girona river and The town) has good potentials and opportunities to be a more rich and sustainable landscape. Some important Opportunities are as bellow:

- Connection to the sea

- Connection to different small towns across the river

- Proximity to protected areas

- Agricultural landscape and a dense network of paths

It is believed that, this proposed plan (current study) could be executed in the site. Adding the green infrastructures is a important criteria in this plan. It would solve some current weaknesses and Threats in the site (mentioned in this page). As a result of applying this plan, more sustainable, healthy and effective landscape would be seen in future.

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:flood1_byPCRG.jpg|Flood on 2007
Image:flood2_byPCRG.jpg|Beniarbeig bridge collapsed 2007
Image:flood3_by_PCRG.jpg|Flood El Verger 2007. Bridge under water
Image:flood4_by_PCRG.jpg|Flood El Verger 2007
Image:flood5_by_PCRG.jpg|flood El Verger 2007
Image:El_verger_riu_girona_by_Espencat.jpg|Girona River at El Verger
Image:Riu_Girona_a_Beiarbeig_by_Espencat.jpg|Girona River at Beniarbeig
Image:pan_beniarbeig_vora-concava_b.jpg|Meander at Beniarbeig
Image:pan_riu_verger_b.jpg|Arundo donax
Image:riu1.jpg|Bird taking a bath
Image:Riu2.JPG|River at Beniarbeig
Image:Riu3.JPG|River at Beniarbeig
Image:Riu4.JPG|Entering to El Verger
Image:Riu5.JPG|your image text
Image:Riu7.JPG|your image text
Image:Riu8.JPG|your image text
Image:Riu9.JPG|your image text
Image:Riu10.JPG|your image text
Image:Riu11.JPG|Under the highway
Image:Riu12.JPG|Highway
Image:riu13.jpg|Els Poblets
</gallery>

== References ==

Confederación hidrogràfica del Júcar (CHX) (2009): Lluvias de octubre de 2007. Trabajos realizados por la Confederación Hidrogràfica del Júcar. Ministerio de Medio Ambiente.

Confederación hidrogràfica del Júcar (CHX) (2011) version preliminar: Memora del Plan Director de Defensa Contra las Avenidas en la Comarca de la Marina Alta. Ministerio de Medio Ambiente.

Costa Mas, J. (1977): El marquesat de Dénia. Estudio geográfico. Departamentos de geografia de Valencia y Alicante, Universitat de València. ISBN: 84-370-0041-6

Costa Mas, J. (2008): El marco geográfico, demográfico y económico de la comarca de la Marina Alta. En: “Historia de la Marina Alta” Tomo I. Insitut d'estudis comarcals de la Marina Alta (IECMA). ISBN: 978-84-931704-4-8

Ripoll Berenguer, M.J. (2008): Pressions i conflictes territorials en el litoral mediterrani: La Marina Alta. Institut Alacantí de Cultura Juan Gil-Albert. Alacant. ISBN: 978-84-7784-538-6

Segura Beltrán, F. (2009): Geomorfología, inundacions y alteración antròpica del espacio inundable: el caso del riu Girona (Alacant, 2007). Boletín de la Asociación Española de Geógrafos, nº 49, pag. 83-103. ISSN: 0212-9426

Zamora, L.; Mezquita, F.; Rueda, J. (2005): Biodiversitat i ecología dels invertebrats aquàtics continentals de la Marina Alta i el seu valor com a indicadors de qualitat de les aigües de la comarca. Institut Alacantí de Cultura “Juan Gil-Albert”. Alacant.

http://riuadagirona.blogspot.com

www.daualdeu.wordpress.com

Wikipedia

Google maps

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Collaborative Design]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group G

2015-02-22T04:48:58Z

Majida: /* Summary of the collaborative process */

---> back to group page [[Green Infrastructure 2014 - Working Group G|working group G]]

'''Girona river'''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Girona river''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Marina Alta''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Spain''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Maria Josep Ripoll, Majid Amani Beni, Catalina Papiu-Zoran''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Riu_Girona_als_Poblets_Espencat.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=38.807194
|lng=-0.049115
|zoom=8
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

Girona river is born at 650 meters over the see level in the small town of Vall d’Alcalà. In the west side of the Marina Alta county. It has 34.7 km long and his drainage basin has 105 km². The river crosses the spectacular and hilly site known as “Barranc de l’Infern” (Devil’s gorge). It has an important geological and archeological value, and is highly appreciated by hikers and climbers. At the exit of the Devil’s gorge, a dam was builded on 1944 to increase water supply but it failed because of the permeable soil below the damp. Today the damp is almost silt with sediments and it hardly works delaying the flash flood.
All these area upstream is a natural protected zone associated to the European Natura 2000. It is protected as a Site of Community Importance (SCI) and a Special Protection Area of Wild Birds (SPA).

From the damp to the sea, the river has 20.38km long. This stretch of the river plain does not have any kind of protection. After the damp, the river crosses a width river plain that shapes the north of the Marina Alta county. The richest soils for agriculture are found here. The matrix of the river plain is composed mostly by orchards and vegetable gardens. The river is followed by several towns, some of them in the river banks.
The river plain is crossed by road infrastructures (motorway, highway, roads). Several urban settlements and activities are placed there: towns, urban sprawl, shopping mall, industrial areas.

Girona River ends in a sandy beach in the Mediterranean sea. It’s last stretch is surrounded by urban sprawl, detached and semi-detached houses for tourists or owned by elderly residents from central and north Europa. A submarine area about 2.200 ha in front of the Girona river mouth is protected as a SCI and SPA because it keeps a big Posidonia oceanica reef (seagrass endemic to the Mediterranean sea) very important for sea birds feeding.

Some details about the towns in the river plain:

'''Population:'''
Beniarbeig: 1.915 inhabitants (2013)
Ondara: 6.613 inhabitants (2013)
El Verger: 4.856 inhabitants (2013)
Els Poblets: 3.402 inhabitants (2013)

The tourism and foreign residents has an important impact over population and public services. A lot of foreign residents owned a house and spend part of the year in our county; tourist rent a house or a flat or a room in a hotel for vacations. This “floating” population is not included in the population census but they use infrastructures and public services that used to become overloaded on vacations. Most of the foreign residents are elderly which increases the average age and implies more pressure over medical public services.

'''Economy:'''
The economy of the towns around the Girona river are based mainly on the services sector (tourism, restaurants, transport, retailing and wholesaling, etc.) and construction sector. The industrial sector is formed by small family business based on traditional manufactured items (furniture, leather industry). Nevertheless, the agriculture sector is still important with the traditional production of oranges and the new introduction of kakis.

'''River vegetation and fauna'''
The riverbank vegetation is diverse and mainly composed by perennial vegetation: reedbed (Phargmites communis), rhizomatous grasses (Paspalum paspaloides, Paspalum vaginatum), water vegetation (Ranunculus, Potamogeton, etc.), trees such as Salix, Populus, Pinus halepensis, and bushes such as Nerium oleander, Rubus, Rosa canina, Crataegus monogyna, etc. Nevertheless, one species is dominating along the river: Arundo donax, a perennial invasive cane. This cane grows really fast and is reducing the population of native species.
The vegetation gives shelter to different species of fish, amphibian or crustacean. Some of them are endemic and fragile or are endangered.
The amount and variety of birds that visit the Girona river is increasing because of the proximity of the Oliva-Pego Marsh Natural Park. Several protected species of birds spend the winter or nest in the marsh and used the Girona river (upstream and downstream) to graze and feeding.

'''River water quality'''
Using a biological index IBMWP (Iberian Biomonitoring Working Party) it is possible to stablish the water quality depending of the macro- invertebrates collected in different water samples (2004 and 2005). Near the town of Sanet the index was 127 and in El Verger 97, corresponding to index values of very good quality (good ecological condition, water without contamination or not disrupted). (Zamora et al. 2005)

'''History'''
Before the second half of the 20th century, the river was very important for the daily life of the towns surrounding the river. People got canes as construction material and to feed the livestock. Sand and stones were used in construction too. But most of all, the water was used for irrigation. Some of the towns were really rich providing vegetables and fruits to the market.

'''Dynamics'''
The urban pressure and the new economic activities are the dynamics behind it’s degradation. Today the river is almost abandoned. Infrastructures and urban activities near the river are narrowing the river bed and blocking the water flow. And the industrial activities are throwing waste and polluting the water.

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Riu Girona Description.jpg|Location
Image:RiuGironaDescription2.jpg|Description
Image:Girona_basin.jpg|Drainage basin
Image:Girona_tributaires.jpg|Tributaires
Image:Girona_protectedareas.jpg|Protected areas
Image:Girona_settlements.jpg|Settlements
Image:study-area-and-detailed-case-study_location.jpg|Study area and case study location
Image:study area_Land planning.jpg|Study area: river plain land planning
Image:study area_Land zoning.jpg|Study area: river plain land zoning
Image:study area_flood riskiness.jpg|Study area: flood riskiness
Image:study area_natural and protected areas.jpg|Study area: natural and protected areas
Image:CASE-STUDY_BENIARBEIG_1-5000.jpg|Case study: Beniarbeig. Aerial view
Image:CASE-STUDY_BENIARBEIG_Land-planning.jpg|Case study: Land planning
Image:CASE-STUDY_BENIARBEIG_Land-zoning.jpg|Case study: Land zoning
Image:CASE-STUDY_BENIARBEIG_natural-and-open-areas.jpg|Case study: Natural and open areas
</gallery>

== What are the overall objectives of your design? What are the specific objectives for enhancing green infrastrucutre? ==

''Please give a short written argumentation (not more than 150 words). It is ok if you have different or even contradicting objectives within your group. Just make it explicit at the beginning of your process ''

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing.''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:CASE-STUDY_BENIARBEIG_GI-oportunities.jpg|GI oportunities
Image:The town, The river and Green islands.jpg|The town, The river and Green islands (Current condition)
Image:Flooding.jpg|Flooding settlements/river section (Catalina)
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|analytical drawing 4
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes), of course with an emphasis on green infrastructure aspects. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing representing his/her individual ideas.''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Proposed for future.jpg|The town, The river and Green islands (Proposed for future)(Majid)
Image:River_proposal1.jpg|Projective drawing of the river sides (Catalina)
Image:Solutions.jpg|GI solution for built and natural areas (Catalina)
Image:River-girona-public-use-def.jpg|The river as a green public space (Maria)
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==
''Please analyse the individual approaches presented so far and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses (you may use the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis SWOT]analysis model). Try to create a synthesis and represent it with a plan and some sketches. You can still use drawings/sketches.''

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Design Synthesis Group G -1.jpeg|synthesis drawing 1
Image:Design Synthesis Group G -2.jpeg|synthesis drawing 2
Image:River-girona-public-use-def.jpg|synthesis drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|synthesis drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''Please reflect on your collaborative design process. Which potentials have you encountered? What was most difficult? What does collaborative design mean for you? (approx 150 words).''

the case study (Girona river and The town) has good potentials and opportunities to be a more rich and sustainable landscape. Some important Opportunities are as bellow:
- Connection to the sea

- Connection to different small towns across the river

- Proximity to protected areas

- Agricultural landscape and a dense network of paths

It is believed that, this proposed plan (current study) could be executed in the site. Adding the green infrastructures is a important criteria in this plan. It would solve some current weaknesses and Threats in the site (mentioned in this page). As a result of applying this plan, more sustainable, healthy and effective landscape would be seen in future.

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:flood1_byPCRG.jpg|Flood on 2007
Image:flood2_byPCRG.jpg|Beniarbeig bridge collapsed 2007
Image:flood3_by_PCRG.jpg|Flood El Verger 2007. Bridge under water
Image:flood4_by_PCRG.jpg|Flood El Verger 2007
Image:flood5_by_PCRG.jpg|flood El Verger 2007
Image:El_verger_riu_girona_by_Espencat.jpg|Girona River at El Verger
Image:Riu_Girona_a_Beiarbeig_by_Espencat.jpg|Girona River at Beniarbeig
Image:pan_beniarbeig_vora-concava_b.jpg|Meander at Beniarbeig
Image:pan_riu_verger_b.jpg|Arundo donax
Image:riu1.jpg|Bird taking a bath
Image:Riu2.JPG|River at Beniarbeig
Image:Riu3.JPG|River at Beniarbeig
Image:Riu4.JPG|Entering to El Verger
Image:Riu5.JPG|your image text
Image:Riu7.JPG|your image text
Image:Riu8.JPG|your image text
Image:Riu9.JPG|your image text
Image:Riu10.JPG|your image text
Image:Riu11.JPG|Under the highway
Image:Riu12.JPG|Highway
Image:riu13.jpg|Els Poblets
</gallery>

== References ==

Confederación hidrogràfica del Júcar (CHX) (2009): Lluvias de octubre de 2007. Trabajos realizados por la Confederación Hidrogràfica del Júcar. Ministerio de Medio Ambiente.

Confederación hidrogràfica del Júcar (CHX) (2011) version preliminar: Memora del Plan Director de Defensa Contra las Avenidas en la Comarca de la Marina Alta. Ministerio de Medio Ambiente.

Costa Mas, J. (1977): El marquesat de Dénia. Estudio geográfico. Departamentos de geografia de Valencia y Alicante, Universitat de València. ISBN: 84-370-0041-6

Costa Mas, J. (2008): El marco geográfico, demográfico y económico de la comarca de la Marina Alta. En: “Historia de la Marina Alta” Tomo I. Insitut d'estudis comarcals de la Marina Alta (IECMA). ISBN: 978-84-931704-4-8

Ripoll Berenguer, M.J. (2008): Pressions i conflictes territorials en el litoral mediterrani: La Marina Alta. Institut Alacantí de Cultura Juan Gil-Albert. Alacant. ISBN: 978-84-7784-538-6

Segura Beltrán, F. (2009): Geomorfología, inundacions y alteración antròpica del espacio inundable: el caso del riu Girona (Alacant, 2007). Boletín de la Asociación Española de Geógrafos, nº 49, pag. 83-103. ISSN: 0212-9426

Zamora, L.; Mezquita, F.; Rueda, J. (2005): Biodiversitat i ecología dels invertebrats aquàtics continentals de la Marina Alta i el seu valor com a indicadors de qualitat de les aigües de la comarca. Institut Alacantí de Cultura “Juan Gil-Albert”. Alacant.

http://riuadagirona.blogspot.com

www.daualdeu.wordpress.com

Wikipedia

Google maps

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Collaborative Design]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group G

2015-02-22T04:47:16Z

Majida: /* Summary of the collaborative process */

---> back to group page [[Green Infrastructure 2014 - Working Group G|working group G]]

'''Girona river'''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Girona river''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Marina Alta''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Spain''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Maria Josep Ripoll, Majid Amani Beni, Catalina Papiu-Zoran''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Riu_Girona_als_Poblets_Espencat.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=38.807194
|lng=-0.049115
|zoom=8
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

Girona river is born at 650 meters over the see level in the small town of Vall d’Alcalà. In the west side of the Marina Alta county. It has 34.7 km long and his drainage basin has 105 km². The river crosses the spectacular and hilly site known as “Barranc de l’Infern” (Devil’s gorge). It has an important geological and archeological value, and is highly appreciated by hikers and climbers. At the exit of the Devil’s gorge, a dam was builded on 1944 to increase water supply but it failed because of the permeable soil below the damp. Today the damp is almost silt with sediments and it hardly works delaying the flash flood.
All these area upstream is a natural protected zone associated to the European Natura 2000. It is protected as a Site of Community Importance (SCI) and a Special Protection Area of Wild Birds (SPA).

From the damp to the sea, the river has 20.38km long. This stretch of the river plain does not have any kind of protection. After the damp, the river crosses a width river plain that shapes the north of the Marina Alta county. The richest soils for agriculture are found here. The matrix of the river plain is composed mostly by orchards and vegetable gardens. The river is followed by several towns, some of them in the river banks.
The river plain is crossed by road infrastructures (motorway, highway, roads). Several urban settlements and activities are placed there: towns, urban sprawl, shopping mall, industrial areas.

Girona River ends in a sandy beach in the Mediterranean sea. It’s last stretch is surrounded by urban sprawl, detached and semi-detached houses for tourists or owned by elderly residents from central and north Europa. A submarine area about 2.200 ha in front of the Girona river mouth is protected as a SCI and SPA because it keeps a big Posidonia oceanica reef (seagrass endemic to the Mediterranean sea) very important for sea birds feeding.

Some details about the towns in the river plain:

'''Population:'''
Beniarbeig: 1.915 inhabitants (2013)
Ondara: 6.613 inhabitants (2013)
El Verger: 4.856 inhabitants (2013)
Els Poblets: 3.402 inhabitants (2013)

The tourism and foreign residents has an important impact over population and public services. A lot of foreign residents owned a house and spend part of the year in our county; tourist rent a house or a flat or a room in a hotel for vacations. This “floating” population is not included in the population census but they use infrastructures and public services that used to become overloaded on vacations. Most of the foreign residents are elderly which increases the average age and implies more pressure over medical public services.

'''Economy:'''
The economy of the towns around the Girona river are based mainly on the services sector (tourism, restaurants, transport, retailing and wholesaling, etc.) and construction sector. The industrial sector is formed by small family business based on traditional manufactured items (furniture, leather industry). Nevertheless, the agriculture sector is still important with the traditional production of oranges and the new introduction of kakis.

'''River vegetation and fauna'''
The riverbank vegetation is diverse and mainly composed by perennial vegetation: reedbed (Phargmites communis), rhizomatous grasses (Paspalum paspaloides, Paspalum vaginatum), water vegetation (Ranunculus, Potamogeton, etc.), trees such as Salix, Populus, Pinus halepensis, and bushes such as Nerium oleander, Rubus, Rosa canina, Crataegus monogyna, etc. Nevertheless, one species is dominating along the river: Arundo donax, a perennial invasive cane. This cane grows really fast and is reducing the population of native species.
The vegetation gives shelter to different species of fish, amphibian or crustacean. Some of them are endemic and fragile or are endangered.
The amount and variety of birds that visit the Girona river is increasing because of the proximity of the Oliva-Pego Marsh Natural Park. Several protected species of birds spend the winter or nest in the marsh and used the Girona river (upstream and downstream) to graze and feeding.

'''River water quality'''
Using a biological index IBMWP (Iberian Biomonitoring Working Party) it is possible to stablish the water quality depending of the macro- invertebrates collected in different water samples (2004 and 2005). Near the town of Sanet the index was 127 and in El Verger 97, corresponding to index values of very good quality (good ecological condition, water without contamination or not disrupted). (Zamora et al. 2005)

'''History'''
Before the second half of the 20th century, the river was very important for the daily life of the towns surrounding the river. People got canes as construction material and to feed the livestock. Sand and stones were used in construction too. But most of all, the water was used for irrigation. Some of the towns were really rich providing vegetables and fruits to the market.

'''Dynamics'''
The urban pressure and the new economic activities are the dynamics behind it’s degradation. Today the river is almost abandoned. Infrastructures and urban activities near the river are narrowing the river bed and blocking the water flow. And the industrial activities are throwing waste and polluting the water.

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Riu Girona Description.jpg|Location
Image:RiuGironaDescription2.jpg|Description
Image:Girona_basin.jpg|Drainage basin
Image:Girona_tributaires.jpg|Tributaires
Image:Girona_protectedareas.jpg|Protected areas
Image:Girona_settlements.jpg|Settlements
Image:study-area-and-detailed-case-study_location.jpg|Study area and case study location
Image:study area_Land planning.jpg|Study area: river plain land planning
Image:study area_Land zoning.jpg|Study area: river plain land zoning
Image:study area_flood riskiness.jpg|Study area: flood riskiness
Image:study area_natural and protected areas.jpg|Study area: natural and protected areas
Image:CASE-STUDY_BENIARBEIG_1-5000.jpg|Case study: Beniarbeig. Aerial view
Image:CASE-STUDY_BENIARBEIG_Land-planning.jpg|Case study: Land planning
Image:CASE-STUDY_BENIARBEIG_Land-zoning.jpg|Case study: Land zoning
Image:CASE-STUDY_BENIARBEIG_natural-and-open-areas.jpg|Case study: Natural and open areas
</gallery>

== What are the overall objectives of your design? What are the specific objectives for enhancing green infrastrucutre? ==

''Please give a short written argumentation (not more than 150 words). It is ok if you have different or even contradicting objectives within your group. Just make it explicit at the beginning of your process ''

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing.''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:CASE-STUDY_BENIARBEIG_GI-oportunities.jpg|GI oportunities
Image:The town, The river and Green islands.jpg|The town, The river and Green islands (Current condition)
Image:Flooding.jpg|Flooding settlements/river section (Catalina)
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|analytical drawing 4
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes), of course with an emphasis on green infrastructure aspects. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing representing his/her individual ideas.''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Proposed for future.jpg|The town, The river and Green islands (Proposed for future)(Majid)
Image:River_proposal1.jpg|Projective drawing of the river sides (Catalina)
Image:Solutions.jpg|GI solution for built and natural areas (Catalina)
Image:River-girona-public-use-def.jpg|The river as a green public space (Maria)
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==
''Please analyse the individual approaches presented so far and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses (you may use the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis SWOT]analysis model). Try to create a synthesis and represent it with a plan and some sketches. You can still use drawings/sketches.''

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Design Synthesis Group G -1.jpeg|synthesis drawing 1
Image:Design Synthesis Group G -2.jpeg|synthesis drawing 2
Image:River-girona-public-use-def.jpg|synthesis drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|synthesis drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''Please reflect on your collaborative design process. Which potentials have you encountered? What was most difficult? What does collaborative design mean for you? (approx 150 words).''

the case study (Girona river and The town) has good potentials and opportunities to be a more rich and sustainable landscape. Some important Opportunities are as bellow:
- Connection to the sea
- Connection to different small towns across the river
- Proximity to protected areas
- Agricultural landscape and a dense network of paths
It is believed that, this proposed plan (current study) could be executed in the site. Adding the green infrastructures is a important criteria in this plan. It would solve some current weaknesses and Threats in the site (mentioned in this page). As a result of applying this plan, more sustainable, healthy and effective landscape would be seen in future.

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:flood1_byPCRG.jpg|Flood on 2007
Image:flood2_byPCRG.jpg|Beniarbeig bridge collapsed 2007
Image:flood3_by_PCRG.jpg|Flood El Verger 2007. Bridge under water
Image:flood4_by_PCRG.jpg|Flood El Verger 2007
Image:flood5_by_PCRG.jpg|flood El Verger 2007
Image:El_verger_riu_girona_by_Espencat.jpg|Girona River at El Verger
Image:Riu_Girona_a_Beiarbeig_by_Espencat.jpg|Girona River at Beniarbeig
Image:pan_beniarbeig_vora-concava_b.jpg|Meander at Beniarbeig
Image:pan_riu_verger_b.jpg|Arundo donax
Image:riu1.jpg|Bird taking a bath
Image:Riu2.JPG|River at Beniarbeig
Image:Riu3.JPG|River at Beniarbeig
Image:Riu4.JPG|Entering to El Verger
Image:Riu5.JPG|your image text
Image:Riu7.JPG|your image text
Image:Riu8.JPG|your image text
Image:Riu9.JPG|your image text
Image:Riu10.JPG|your image text
Image:Riu11.JPG|Under the highway
Image:Riu12.JPG|Highway
Image:riu13.jpg|Els Poblets
</gallery>

== References ==

Confederación hidrogràfica del Júcar (CHX) (2009): Lluvias de octubre de 2007. Trabajos realizados por la Confederación Hidrogràfica del Júcar. Ministerio de Medio Ambiente.

Confederación hidrogràfica del Júcar (CHX) (2011) version preliminar: Memora del Plan Director de Defensa Contra las Avenidas en la Comarca de la Marina Alta. Ministerio de Medio Ambiente.

Costa Mas, J. (1977): El marquesat de Dénia. Estudio geográfico. Departamentos de geografia de Valencia y Alicante, Universitat de València. ISBN: 84-370-0041-6

Costa Mas, J. (2008): El marco geográfico, demográfico y económico de la comarca de la Marina Alta. En: “Historia de la Marina Alta” Tomo I. Insitut d'estudis comarcals de la Marina Alta (IECMA). ISBN: 978-84-931704-4-8

Ripoll Berenguer, M.J. (2008): Pressions i conflictes territorials en el litoral mediterrani: La Marina Alta. Institut Alacantí de Cultura Juan Gil-Albert. Alacant. ISBN: 978-84-7784-538-6

Segura Beltrán, F. (2009): Geomorfología, inundacions y alteración antròpica del espacio inundable: el caso del riu Girona (Alacant, 2007). Boletín de la Asociación Española de Geógrafos, nº 49, pag. 83-103. ISSN: 0212-9426

Zamora, L.; Mezquita, F.; Rueda, J. (2005): Biodiversitat i ecología dels invertebrats aquàtics continentals de la Marina Alta i el seu valor com a indicadors de qualitat de les aigües de la comarca. Institut Alacantí de Cultura “Juan Gil-Albert”. Alacant.

http://riuadagirona.blogspot.com

www.daualdeu.wordpress.com

Wikipedia

Google maps

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Collaborative Design]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group G

2015-02-22T04:01:25Z

Majida: /* Design Synthesis */

---> back to group page [[Green Infrastructure 2014 - Working Group G|working group G]]

'''Girona river'''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Girona river''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Marina Alta''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Spain''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Maria Josep Ripoll, Majid Amani Beni, Catalina Papiu-Zoran''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Riu_Girona_als_Poblets_Espencat.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=38.807194
|lng=-0.049115
|zoom=8
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

Girona river is born at 650 meters over the see level in the small town of Vall d’Alcalà. In the west side of the Marina Alta county. It has 34.7 km long and his drainage basin has 105 km². The river crosses the spectacular and hilly site known as “Barranc de l’Infern” (Devil’s gorge). It has an important geological and archeological value, and is highly appreciated by hikers and climbers. At the exit of the Devil’s gorge, a dam was builded on 1944 to increase water supply but it failed because of the permeable soil below the damp. Today the damp is almost silt with sediments and it hardly works delaying the flash flood.
All these area upstream is a natural protected zone associated to the European Natura 2000. It is protected as a Site of Community Importance (SCI) and a Special Protection Area of Wild Birds (SPA).

From the damp to the sea, the river has 20.38km long. This stretch of the river plain does not have any kind of protection. After the damp, the river crosses a width river plain that shapes the north of the Marina Alta county. The richest soils for agriculture are found here. The matrix of the river plain is composed mostly by orchards and vegetable gardens. The river is followed by several towns, some of them in the river banks.
The river plain is crossed by road infrastructures (motorway, highway, roads). Several urban settlements and activities are placed there: towns, urban sprawl, shopping mall, industrial areas.

Girona River ends in a sandy beach in the Mediterranean sea. It’s last stretch is surrounded by urban sprawl, detached and semi-detached houses for tourists or owned by elderly residents from central and north Europa. A submarine area about 2.200 ha in front of the Girona river mouth is protected as a SCI and SPA because it keeps a big Posidonia oceanica reef (seagrass endemic to the Mediterranean sea) very important for sea birds feeding.

Some details about the towns in the river plain:

'''Population:'''
Beniarbeig: 1.915 inhabitants (2013)
Ondara: 6.613 inhabitants (2013)
El Verger: 4.856 inhabitants (2013)
Els Poblets: 3.402 inhabitants (2013)

The tourism and foreign residents has an important impact over population and public services. A lot of foreign residents owned a house and spend part of the year in our county; tourist rent a house or a flat or a room in a hotel for vacations. This “floating” population is not included in the population census but they use infrastructures and public services that used to become overloaded on vacations. Most of the foreign residents are elderly which increases the average age and implies more pressure over medical public services.

'''Economy:'''
The economy of the towns around the Girona river are based mainly on the services sector (tourism, restaurants, transport, retailing and wholesaling, etc.) and construction sector. The industrial sector is formed by small family business based on traditional manufactured items (furniture, leather industry). Nevertheless, the agriculture sector is still important with the traditional production of oranges and the new introduction of kakis.

'''River vegetation and fauna'''
The riverbank vegetation is diverse and mainly composed by perennial vegetation: reedbed (Phargmites communis), rhizomatous grasses (Paspalum paspaloides, Paspalum vaginatum), water vegetation (Ranunculus, Potamogeton, etc.), trees such as Salix, Populus, Pinus halepensis, and bushes such as Nerium oleander, Rubus, Rosa canina, Crataegus monogyna, etc. Nevertheless, one species is dominating along the river: Arundo donax, a perennial invasive cane. This cane grows really fast and is reducing the population of native species.
The vegetation gives shelter to different species of fish, amphibian or crustacean. Some of them are endemic and fragile or are endangered.
The amount and variety of birds that visit the Girona river is increasing because of the proximity of the Oliva-Pego Marsh Natural Park. Several protected species of birds spend the winter or nest in the marsh and used the Girona river (upstream and downstream) to graze and feeding.

'''River water quality'''
Using a biological index IBMWP (Iberian Biomonitoring Working Party) it is possible to stablish the water quality depending of the macro- invertebrates collected in different water samples (2004 and 2005). Near the town of Sanet the index was 127 and in El Verger 97, corresponding to index values of very good quality (good ecological condition, water without contamination or not disrupted). (Zamora et al. 2005)

'''History'''
Before the second half of the 20th century, the river was very important for the daily life of the towns surrounding the river. People got canes as construction material and to feed the livestock. Sand and stones were used in construction too. But most of all, the water was used for irrigation. Some of the towns were really rich providing vegetables and fruits to the market.

'''Dynamics'''
The urban pressure and the new economic activities are the dynamics behind it’s degradation. Today the river is almost abandoned. Infrastructures and urban activities near the river are narrowing the river bed and blocking the water flow. And the industrial activities are throwing waste and polluting the water.

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Riu Girona Description.jpg|Location
Image:RiuGironaDescription2.jpg|Description
Image:Girona_basin.jpg|Drainage basin
Image:Girona_tributaires.jpg|Tributaires
Image:Girona_protectedareas.jpg|Protected areas
Image:Girona_settlements.jpg|Settlements
Image:study-area-and-detailed-case-study_location.jpg|Study area and case study location
Image:study area_Land planning.jpg|Study area: river plain land planning
Image:study area_Land zoning.jpg|Study area: river plain land zoning
Image:study area_flood riskiness.jpg|Study area: flood riskiness
Image:study area_natural and protected areas.jpg|Study area: natural and protected areas
Image:CASE-STUDY_BENIARBEIG_1-5000.jpg|Case study: Beniarbeig. Aerial view
Image:CASE-STUDY_BENIARBEIG_Land-planning.jpg|Case study: Land planning
Image:CASE-STUDY_BENIARBEIG_Land-zoning.jpg|Case study: Land zoning
Image:CASE-STUDY_BENIARBEIG_natural-and-open-areas.jpg|Case study: Natural and open areas
</gallery>

== What are the overall objectives of your design? What are the specific objectives for enhancing green infrastrucutre? ==

''Please give a short written argumentation (not more than 150 words). It is ok if you have different or even contradicting objectives within your group. Just make it explicit at the beginning of your process ''

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing.''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:CASE-STUDY_BENIARBEIG_GI-oportunities.jpg|GI oportunities
Image:The town, The river and Green islands.jpg|The town, The river and Green islands (Current condition)
Image:Flooding.jpg|Flooding settlements/river section (Catalina)
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|analytical drawing 4
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes), of course with an emphasis on green infrastructure aspects. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing representing his/her individual ideas.''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Proposed for future.jpg|The town, The river and Green islands (Proposed for future)(Majid)
Image:River_proposal1.jpg|Projective drawing of the river sides (Catalina)
Image:Solutions.jpg|GI solution for built and natural areas (Catalina)
Image:River-girona-public-use-def.jpg|The river as a green public space (Maria)
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==
''Please analyse the individual approaches presented so far and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses (you may use the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis SWOT]analysis model). Try to create a synthesis and represent it with a plan and some sketches. You can still use drawings/sketches.''

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Design Synthesis Group G -1.jpeg|synthesis drawing 1
Image:Design Synthesis Group G -2.jpeg|synthesis drawing 2
Image:River-girona-public-use-def.jpg|synthesis drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|synthesis drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''Please reflect on your collaborative design process. Which potentials have you encountered? What was most difficult? What does collaborative design mean for you? (approx 150 words).''

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:flood1_byPCRG.jpg|Flood on 2007
Image:flood2_byPCRG.jpg|Beniarbeig bridge collapsed 2007
Image:flood3_by_PCRG.jpg|Flood El Verger 2007. Bridge under water
Image:flood4_by_PCRG.jpg|Flood El Verger 2007
Image:flood5_by_PCRG.jpg|flood El Verger 2007
Image:El_verger_riu_girona_by_Espencat.jpg|Girona River at El Verger
Image:Riu_Girona_a_Beiarbeig_by_Espencat.jpg|Girona River at Beniarbeig
Image:pan_beniarbeig_vora-concava_b.jpg|Meander at Beniarbeig
Image:pan_riu_verger_b.jpg|Arundo donax
Image:riu1.jpg|Bird taking a bath
Image:Riu2.JPG|River at Beniarbeig
Image:Riu3.JPG|River at Beniarbeig
Image:Riu4.JPG|Entering to El Verger
Image:Riu5.JPG|your image text
Image:Riu7.JPG|your image text
Image:Riu8.JPG|your image text
Image:Riu9.JPG|your image text
Image:Riu10.JPG|your image text
Image:Riu11.JPG|Under the highway
Image:Riu12.JPG|Highway
Image:riu13.jpg|Els Poblets
</gallery>

== References ==

Confederación hidrogràfica del Júcar (CHX) (2009): Lluvias de octubre de 2007. Trabajos realizados por la Confederación Hidrogràfica del Júcar. Ministerio de Medio Ambiente.

Confederación hidrogràfica del Júcar (CHX) (2011) version preliminar: Memora del Plan Director de Defensa Contra las Avenidas en la Comarca de la Marina Alta. Ministerio de Medio Ambiente.

Costa Mas, J. (1977): El marquesat de Dénia. Estudio geográfico. Departamentos de geografia de Valencia y Alicante, Universitat de València. ISBN: 84-370-0041-6

Costa Mas, J. (2008): El marco geográfico, demográfico y económico de la comarca de la Marina Alta. En: “Historia de la Marina Alta” Tomo I. Insitut d'estudis comarcals de la Marina Alta (IECMA). ISBN: 978-84-931704-4-8

Ripoll Berenguer, M.J. (2008): Pressions i conflictes territorials en el litoral mediterrani: La Marina Alta. Institut Alacantí de Cultura Juan Gil-Albert. Alacant. ISBN: 978-84-7784-538-6

Segura Beltrán, F. (2009): Geomorfología, inundacions y alteración antròpica del espacio inundable: el caso del riu Girona (Alacant, 2007). Boletín de la Asociación Española de Geógrafos, nº 49, pag. 83-103. ISSN: 0212-9426

Zamora, L.; Mezquita, F.; Rueda, J. (2005): Biodiversitat i ecología dels invertebrats aquàtics continentals de la Marina Alta i el seu valor com a indicadors de qualitat de les aigües de la comarca. Institut Alacantí de Cultura “Juan Gil-Albert”. Alacant.

http://riuadagirona.blogspot.com

www.daualdeu.wordpress.com

Wikipedia

Google maps

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Collaborative Design]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group G

2015-02-22T03:47:47Z

Majida: /* Design Synthesis */

---> back to group page [[Green Infrastructure 2014 - Working Group G|working group G]]

'''Girona river'''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Girona river''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Marina Alta''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Spain''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Maria Josep Ripoll, Majid Amani Beni, Catalina Papiu-Zoran''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Riu_Girona_als_Poblets_Espencat.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=38.807194
|lng=-0.049115
|zoom=8
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

Girona river is born at 650 meters over the see level in the small town of Vall d’Alcalà. In the west side of the Marina Alta county. It has 34.7 km long and his drainage basin has 105 km². The river crosses the spectacular and hilly site known as “Barranc de l’Infern” (Devil’s gorge). It has an important geological and archeological value, and is highly appreciated by hikers and climbers. At the exit of the Devil’s gorge, a dam was builded on 1944 to increase water supply but it failed because of the permeable soil below the damp. Today the damp is almost silt with sediments and it hardly works delaying the flash flood.
All these area upstream is a natural protected zone associated to the European Natura 2000. It is protected as a Site of Community Importance (SCI) and a Special Protection Area of Wild Birds (SPA).

From the damp to the sea, the river has 20.38km long. This stretch of the river plain does not have any kind of protection. After the damp, the river crosses a width river plain that shapes the north of the Marina Alta county. The richest soils for agriculture are found here. The matrix of the river plain is composed mostly by orchards and vegetable gardens. The river is followed by several towns, some of them in the river banks.
The river plain is crossed by road infrastructures (motorway, highway, roads). Several urban settlements and activities are placed there: towns, urban sprawl, shopping mall, industrial areas.

Girona River ends in a sandy beach in the Mediterranean sea. It’s last stretch is surrounded by urban sprawl, detached and semi-detached houses for tourists or owned by elderly residents from central and north Europa. A submarine area about 2.200 ha in front of the Girona river mouth is protected as a SCI and SPA because it keeps a big Posidonia oceanica reef (seagrass endemic to the Mediterranean sea) very important for sea birds feeding.

Some details about the towns in the river plain:

'''Population:'''
Beniarbeig: 1.915 inhabitants (2013)
Ondara: 6.613 inhabitants (2013)
El Verger: 4.856 inhabitants (2013)
Els Poblets: 3.402 inhabitants (2013)

The tourism and foreign residents has an important impact over population and public services. A lot of foreign residents owned a house and spend part of the year in our county; tourist rent a house or a flat or a room in a hotel for vacations. This “floating” population is not included in the population census but they use infrastructures and public services that used to become overloaded on vacations. Most of the foreign residents are elderly which increases the average age and implies more pressure over medical public services.

'''Economy:'''
The economy of the towns around the Girona river are based mainly on the services sector (tourism, restaurants, transport, retailing and wholesaling, etc.) and construction sector. The industrial sector is formed by small family business based on traditional manufactured items (furniture, leather industry). Nevertheless, the agriculture sector is still important with the traditional production of oranges and the new introduction of kakis.

'''River vegetation and fauna'''
The riverbank vegetation is diverse and mainly composed by perennial vegetation: reedbed (Phargmites communis), rhizomatous grasses (Paspalum paspaloides, Paspalum vaginatum), water vegetation (Ranunculus, Potamogeton, etc.), trees such as Salix, Populus, Pinus halepensis, and bushes such as Nerium oleander, Rubus, Rosa canina, Crataegus monogyna, etc. Nevertheless, one species is dominating along the river: Arundo donax, a perennial invasive cane. This cane grows really fast and is reducing the population of native species.
The vegetation gives shelter to different species of fish, amphibian or crustacean. Some of them are endemic and fragile or are endangered.
The amount and variety of birds that visit the Girona river is increasing because of the proximity of the Oliva-Pego Marsh Natural Park. Several protected species of birds spend the winter or nest in the marsh and used the Girona river (upstream and downstream) to graze and feeding.

'''River water quality'''
Using a biological index IBMWP (Iberian Biomonitoring Working Party) it is possible to stablish the water quality depending of the macro- invertebrates collected in different water samples (2004 and 2005). Near the town of Sanet the index was 127 and in El Verger 97, corresponding to index values of very good quality (good ecological condition, water without contamination or not disrupted). (Zamora et al. 2005)

'''History'''
Before the second half of the 20th century, the river was very important for the daily life of the towns surrounding the river. People got canes as construction material and to feed the livestock. Sand and stones were used in construction too. But most of all, the water was used for irrigation. Some of the towns were really rich providing vegetables and fruits to the market.

'''Dynamics'''
The urban pressure and the new economic activities are the dynamics behind it’s degradation. Today the river is almost abandoned. Infrastructures and urban activities near the river are narrowing the river bed and blocking the water flow. And the industrial activities are throwing waste and polluting the water.

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Riu Girona Description.jpg|Location
Image:RiuGironaDescription2.jpg|Description
Image:Girona_basin.jpg|Drainage basin
Image:Girona_tributaires.jpg|Tributaires
Image:Girona_protectedareas.jpg|Protected areas
Image:Girona_settlements.jpg|Settlements
Image:study-area-and-detailed-case-study_location.jpg|Study area and case study location
Image:study area_Land planning.jpg|Study area: river plain land planning
Image:study area_Land zoning.jpg|Study area: river plain land zoning
Image:study area_flood riskiness.jpg|Study area: flood riskiness
Image:study area_natural and protected areas.jpg|Study area: natural and protected areas
Image:CASE-STUDY_BENIARBEIG_1-5000.jpg|Case study: Beniarbeig. Aerial view
Image:CASE-STUDY_BENIARBEIG_Land-planning.jpg|Case study: Land planning
Image:CASE-STUDY_BENIARBEIG_Land-zoning.jpg|Case study: Land zoning
Image:CASE-STUDY_BENIARBEIG_natural-and-open-areas.jpg|Case study: Natural and open areas
</gallery>

== What are the overall objectives of your design? What are the specific objectives for enhancing green infrastrucutre? ==

''Please give a short written argumentation (not more than 150 words). It is ok if you have different or even contradicting objectives within your group. Just make it explicit at the beginning of your process ''

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing.''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:CASE-STUDY_BENIARBEIG_GI-oportunities.jpg|GI oportunities
Image:The town, The river and Green islands.jpg|The town, The river and Green islands (Current condition)
Image:Flooding.jpg|Flooding settlements/river section (Catalina)
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|analytical drawing 4
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes), of course with an emphasis on green infrastructure aspects. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing representing his/her individual ideas.''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Proposed for future.jpg|The town, The river and Green islands (Proposed for future)(Majid)
Image:River_proposal1.jpg|Projective drawing of the river sides (Catalina)
Image:Solutions.jpg|GI solution for built and natural areas (Catalina)
Image:River-girona-public-use-def.jpg|The river as a green public space (Maria)
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==
''Please analyse the individual approaches presented so far and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses (you may use the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis SWOT]analysis model). Try to create a synthesis and represent it with a plan and some sketches. You can still use drawings/sketches.''

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Design Synthesis Group G -1.jpeg|synthesis drawing 1
Image:Design Synthesis Group G -2.jpeg|synthesis drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|synthesis drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|synthesis drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''Please reflect on your collaborative design process. Which potentials have you encountered? What was most difficult? What does collaborative design mean for you? (approx 150 words).''

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:flood1_byPCRG.jpg|Flood on 2007
Image:flood2_byPCRG.jpg|Beniarbeig bridge collapsed 2007
Image:flood3_by_PCRG.jpg|Flood El Verger 2007. Bridge under water
Image:flood4_by_PCRG.jpg|Flood El Verger 2007
Image:flood5_by_PCRG.jpg|flood El Verger 2007
Image:El_verger_riu_girona_by_Espencat.jpg|Girona River at El Verger
Image:Riu_Girona_a_Beiarbeig_by_Espencat.jpg|Girona River at Beniarbeig
Image:pan_beniarbeig_vora-concava_b.jpg|Meander at Beniarbeig
Image:pan_riu_verger_b.jpg|Arundo donax
Image:riu1.jpg|Bird taking a bath
Image:Riu2.JPG|River at Beniarbeig
Image:Riu3.JPG|River at Beniarbeig
Image:Riu4.JPG|Entering to El Verger
Image:Riu5.JPG|your image text
Image:Riu7.JPG|your image text
Image:Riu8.JPG|your image text
Image:Riu9.JPG|your image text
Image:Riu10.JPG|your image text
Image:Riu11.JPG|Under the highway
Image:Riu12.JPG|Highway
Image:riu13.jpg|Els Poblets
</gallery>

== References ==

Confederación hidrogràfica del Júcar (CHX) (2009): Lluvias de octubre de 2007. Trabajos realizados por la Confederación Hidrogràfica del Júcar. Ministerio de Medio Ambiente.

Confederación hidrogràfica del Júcar (CHX) (2011) version preliminar: Memora del Plan Director de Defensa Contra las Avenidas en la Comarca de la Marina Alta. Ministerio de Medio Ambiente.

Costa Mas, J. (1977): El marquesat de Dénia. Estudio geográfico. Departamentos de geografia de Valencia y Alicante, Universitat de València. ISBN: 84-370-0041-6

Costa Mas, J. (2008): El marco geográfico, demográfico y económico de la comarca de la Marina Alta. En: “Historia de la Marina Alta” Tomo I. Insitut d'estudis comarcals de la Marina Alta (IECMA). ISBN: 978-84-931704-4-8

Ripoll Berenguer, M.J. (2008): Pressions i conflictes territorials en el litoral mediterrani: La Marina Alta. Institut Alacantí de Cultura Juan Gil-Albert. Alacant. ISBN: 978-84-7784-538-6

Segura Beltrán, F. (2009): Geomorfología, inundacions y alteración antròpica del espacio inundable: el caso del riu Girona (Alacant, 2007). Boletín de la Asociación Española de Geógrafos, nº 49, pag. 83-103. ISSN: 0212-9426

Zamora, L.; Mezquita, F.; Rueda, J. (2005): Biodiversitat i ecología dels invertebrats aquàtics continentals de la Marina Alta i el seu valor com a indicadors de qualitat de les aigües de la comarca. Institut Alacantí de Cultura “Juan Gil-Albert”. Alacant.

http://riuadagirona.blogspot.com

www.daualdeu.wordpress.com

Wikipedia

Google maps

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Collaborative Design]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

File:Design Synthesis Group G -2.jpeg

2015-02-22T03:47:15Z

Majida:

Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group G

2015-02-22T03:46:50Z

Majida: /* Design Synthesis */

---> back to group page [[Green Infrastructure 2014 - Working Group G|working group G]]

'''Girona river'''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Girona river''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Marina Alta''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Spain''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Maria Josep Ripoll, Majid Amani Beni, Catalina Papiu-Zoran''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Riu_Girona_als_Poblets_Espencat.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=38.807194
|lng=-0.049115
|zoom=8
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

Girona river is born at 650 meters over the see level in the small town of Vall d’Alcalà. In the west side of the Marina Alta county. It has 34.7 km long and his drainage basin has 105 km². The river crosses the spectacular and hilly site known as “Barranc de l’Infern” (Devil’s gorge). It has an important geological and archeological value, and is highly appreciated by hikers and climbers. At the exit of the Devil’s gorge, a dam was builded on 1944 to increase water supply but it failed because of the permeable soil below the damp. Today the damp is almost silt with sediments and it hardly works delaying the flash flood.
All these area upstream is a natural protected zone associated to the European Natura 2000. It is protected as a Site of Community Importance (SCI) and a Special Protection Area of Wild Birds (SPA).

From the damp to the sea, the river has 20.38km long. This stretch of the river plain does not have any kind of protection. After the damp, the river crosses a width river plain that shapes the north of the Marina Alta county. The richest soils for agriculture are found here. The matrix of the river plain is composed mostly by orchards and vegetable gardens. The river is followed by several towns, some of them in the river banks.
The river plain is crossed by road infrastructures (motorway, highway, roads). Several urban settlements and activities are placed there: towns, urban sprawl, shopping mall, industrial areas.

Girona River ends in a sandy beach in the Mediterranean sea. It’s last stretch is surrounded by urban sprawl, detached and semi-detached houses for tourists or owned by elderly residents from central and north Europa. A submarine area about 2.200 ha in front of the Girona river mouth is protected as a SCI and SPA because it keeps a big Posidonia oceanica reef (seagrass endemic to the Mediterranean sea) very important for sea birds feeding.

Some details about the towns in the river plain:

'''Population:'''
Beniarbeig: 1.915 inhabitants (2013)
Ondara: 6.613 inhabitants (2013)
El Verger: 4.856 inhabitants (2013)
Els Poblets: 3.402 inhabitants (2013)

The tourism and foreign residents has an important impact over population and public services. A lot of foreign residents owned a house and spend part of the year in our county; tourist rent a house or a flat or a room in a hotel for vacations. This “floating” population is not included in the population census but they use infrastructures and public services that used to become overloaded on vacations. Most of the foreign residents are elderly which increases the average age and implies more pressure over medical public services.

'''Economy:'''
The economy of the towns around the Girona river are based mainly on the services sector (tourism, restaurants, transport, retailing and wholesaling, etc.) and construction sector. The industrial sector is formed by small family business based on traditional manufactured items (furniture, leather industry). Nevertheless, the agriculture sector is still important with the traditional production of oranges and the new introduction of kakis.

'''River vegetation and fauna'''
The riverbank vegetation is diverse and mainly composed by perennial vegetation: reedbed (Phargmites communis), rhizomatous grasses (Paspalum paspaloides, Paspalum vaginatum), water vegetation (Ranunculus, Potamogeton, etc.), trees such as Salix, Populus, Pinus halepensis, and bushes such as Nerium oleander, Rubus, Rosa canina, Crataegus monogyna, etc. Nevertheless, one species is dominating along the river: Arundo donax, a perennial invasive cane. This cane grows really fast and is reducing the population of native species.
The vegetation gives shelter to different species of fish, amphibian or crustacean. Some of them are endemic and fragile or are endangered.
The amount and variety of birds that visit the Girona river is increasing because of the proximity of the Oliva-Pego Marsh Natural Park. Several protected species of birds spend the winter or nest in the marsh and used the Girona river (upstream and downstream) to graze and feeding.

'''River water quality'''
Using a biological index IBMWP (Iberian Biomonitoring Working Party) it is possible to stablish the water quality depending of the macro- invertebrates collected in different water samples (2004 and 2005). Near the town of Sanet the index was 127 and in El Verger 97, corresponding to index values of very good quality (good ecological condition, water without contamination or not disrupted). (Zamora et al. 2005)

'''History'''
Before the second half of the 20th century, the river was very important for the daily life of the towns surrounding the river. People got canes as construction material and to feed the livestock. Sand and stones were used in construction too. But most of all, the water was used for irrigation. Some of the towns were really rich providing vegetables and fruits to the market.

'''Dynamics'''
The urban pressure and the new economic activities are the dynamics behind it’s degradation. Today the river is almost abandoned. Infrastructures and urban activities near the river are narrowing the river bed and blocking the water flow. And the industrial activities are throwing waste and polluting the water.

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Riu Girona Description.jpg|Location
Image:RiuGironaDescription2.jpg|Description
Image:Girona_basin.jpg|Drainage basin
Image:Girona_tributaires.jpg|Tributaires
Image:Girona_protectedareas.jpg|Protected areas
Image:Girona_settlements.jpg|Settlements
Image:study-area-and-detailed-case-study_location.jpg|Study area and case study location
Image:study area_Land planning.jpg|Study area: river plain land planning
Image:study area_Land zoning.jpg|Study area: river plain land zoning
Image:study area_flood riskiness.jpg|Study area: flood riskiness
Image:study area_natural and protected areas.jpg|Study area: natural and protected areas
Image:CASE-STUDY_BENIARBEIG_1-5000.jpg|Case study: Beniarbeig. Aerial view
Image:CASE-STUDY_BENIARBEIG_Land-planning.jpg|Case study: Land planning
Image:CASE-STUDY_BENIARBEIG_Land-zoning.jpg|Case study: Land zoning
Image:CASE-STUDY_BENIARBEIG_natural-and-open-areas.jpg|Case study: Natural and open areas
</gallery>

== What are the overall objectives of your design? What are the specific objectives for enhancing green infrastrucutre? ==

''Please give a short written argumentation (not more than 150 words). It is ok if you have different or even contradicting objectives within your group. Just make it explicit at the beginning of your process ''

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing.''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:CASE-STUDY_BENIARBEIG_GI-oportunities.jpg|GI oportunities
Image:The town, The river and Green islands.jpg|The town, The river and Green islands (Current condition)
Image:Flooding.jpg|Flooding settlements/river section (Catalina)
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|analytical drawing 4
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes), of course with an emphasis on green infrastructure aspects. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing representing his/her individual ideas.''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Proposed for future.jpg|The town, The river and Green islands (Proposed for future)(Majid)
Image:River_proposal1.jpg|Projective drawing of the river sides (Catalina)
Image:Solutions.jpg|GI solution for built and natural areas (Catalina)
Image:River-girona-public-use-def.jpg|The river as a green public space (Maria)
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==
''Please analyse the individual approaches presented so far and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses (you may use the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis SWOT]analysis model). Try to create a synthesis and represent it with a plan and some sketches. You can still use drawings/sketches.''

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Design Synthesis Group G -1.jpeg|synthesis drawing 1
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|synthesis drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|synthesis drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|synthesis drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''Please reflect on your collaborative design process. Which potentials have you encountered? What was most difficult? What does collaborative design mean for you? (approx 150 words).''

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:flood1_byPCRG.jpg|Flood on 2007
Image:flood2_byPCRG.jpg|Beniarbeig bridge collapsed 2007
Image:flood3_by_PCRG.jpg|Flood El Verger 2007. Bridge under water
Image:flood4_by_PCRG.jpg|Flood El Verger 2007
Image:flood5_by_PCRG.jpg|flood El Verger 2007
Image:El_verger_riu_girona_by_Espencat.jpg|Girona River at El Verger
Image:Riu_Girona_a_Beiarbeig_by_Espencat.jpg|Girona River at Beniarbeig
Image:pan_beniarbeig_vora-concava_b.jpg|Meander at Beniarbeig
Image:pan_riu_verger_b.jpg|Arundo donax
Image:riu1.jpg|Bird taking a bath
Image:Riu2.JPG|River at Beniarbeig
Image:Riu3.JPG|River at Beniarbeig
Image:Riu4.JPG|Entering to El Verger
Image:Riu5.JPG|your image text
Image:Riu7.JPG|your image text
Image:Riu8.JPG|your image text
Image:Riu9.JPG|your image text
Image:Riu10.JPG|your image text
Image:Riu11.JPG|Under the highway
Image:Riu12.JPG|Highway
Image:riu13.jpg|Els Poblets
</gallery>

== References ==

Confederación hidrogràfica del Júcar (CHX) (2009): Lluvias de octubre de 2007. Trabajos realizados por la Confederación Hidrogràfica del Júcar. Ministerio de Medio Ambiente.

Confederación hidrogràfica del Júcar (CHX) (2011) version preliminar: Memora del Plan Director de Defensa Contra las Avenidas en la Comarca de la Marina Alta. Ministerio de Medio Ambiente.

Costa Mas, J. (1977): El marquesat de Dénia. Estudio geográfico. Departamentos de geografia de Valencia y Alicante, Universitat de València. ISBN: 84-370-0041-6

Costa Mas, J. (2008): El marco geográfico, demográfico y económico de la comarca de la Marina Alta. En: “Historia de la Marina Alta” Tomo I. Insitut d'estudis comarcals de la Marina Alta (IECMA). ISBN: 978-84-931704-4-8

Ripoll Berenguer, M.J. (2008): Pressions i conflictes territorials en el litoral mediterrani: La Marina Alta. Institut Alacantí de Cultura Juan Gil-Albert. Alacant. ISBN: 978-84-7784-538-6

Segura Beltrán, F. (2009): Geomorfología, inundacions y alteración antròpica del espacio inundable: el caso del riu Girona (Alacant, 2007). Boletín de la Asociación Española de Geógrafos, nº 49, pag. 83-103. ISSN: 0212-9426

Zamora, L.; Mezquita, F.; Rueda, J. (2005): Biodiversitat i ecología dels invertebrats aquàtics continentals de la Marina Alta i el seu valor com a indicadors de qualitat de les aigües de la comarca. Institut Alacantí de Cultura “Juan Gil-Albert”. Alacant.

http://riuadagirona.blogspot.com

www.daualdeu.wordpress.com

Wikipedia

Google maps

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Collaborative Design]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

File:Design Synthesis Group G -1.jpeg

2015-02-22T03:46:15Z

Majida:

Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group G

2015-02-22T02:57:36Z

Majida: /* References */

---> back to group page [[Green Infrastructure 2014 - Working Group G|working group G]]

'''Girona river'''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Girona river''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Marina Alta''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Spain''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Maria Josep Ripoll, Majid Amani Beni, Catalina Papiu-Zoran''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Riu_Girona_als_Poblets_Espencat.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=38.807194
|lng=-0.049115
|zoom=8
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

Girona river is born at 650 meters over the see level in the small town of Vall d’Alcalà. In the west side of the Marina Alta county. It has 34.7 km long and his drainage basin has 105 km². The river crosses the spectacular and hilly site known as “Barranc de l’Infern” (Devil’s gorge). It has an important geological and archeological value, and is highly appreciated by hikers and climbers. At the exit of the Devil’s gorge, a dam was builded on 1944 to increase water supply but it failed because of the permeable soil below the damp. Today the damp is almost silt with sediments and it hardly works delaying the flash flood.
All these area upstream is a natural protected zone associated to the European Natura 2000. It is protected as a Site of Community Importance (SCI) and a Special Protection Area of Wild Birds (SPA).

From the damp to the sea, the river has 20.38km long. This stretch of the river plain does not have any kind of protection. After the damp, the river crosses a width river plain that shapes the north of the Marina Alta county. The richest soils for agriculture are found here. The matrix of the river plain is composed mostly by orchards and vegetable gardens. The river is followed by several towns, some of them in the river banks.
The river plain is crossed by road infrastructures (motorway, highway, roads). Several urban settlements and activities are placed there: towns, urban sprawl, shopping mall, industrial areas.

Girona River ends in a sandy beach in the Mediterranean sea. It’s last stretch is surrounded by urban sprawl, detached and semi-detached houses for tourists or owned by elderly residents from central and north Europa. A submarine area about 2.200 ha in front of the Girona river mouth is protected as a SCI and SPA because it keeps a big Posidonia oceanica reef (seagrass endemic to the Mediterranean sea) very important for sea birds feeding.

Some details about the towns in the river plain:

'''Population:'''
Beniarbeig: 1.915 inhabitants (2013)
Ondara: 6.613 inhabitants (2013)
El Verger: 4.856 inhabitants (2013)
Els Poblets: 3.402 inhabitants (2013)

The tourism and foreign residents has an important impact over population and public services. A lot of foreign residents owned a house and spend part of the year in our county; tourist rent a house or a flat or a room in a hotel for vacations. This “floating” population is not included in the population census but they use infrastructures and public services that used to become overloaded on vacations. Most of the foreign residents are elderly which increases the average age and implies more pressure over medical public services.

'''Economy:'''
The economy of the towns around the Girona river are based mainly on the services sector (tourism, restaurants, transport, retailing and wholesaling, etc.) and construction sector. The industrial sector is formed by small family business based on traditional manufactured items (furniture, leather industry). Nevertheless, the agriculture sector is still important with the traditional production of oranges and the new introduction of kakis.

'''River vegetation and fauna'''
The riverbank vegetation is diverse and mainly composed by perennial vegetation: reedbed (Phargmites communis), rhizomatous grasses (Paspalum paspaloides, Paspalum vaginatum), water vegetation (Ranunculus, Potamogeton, etc.), trees such as Salix, Populus, Pinus halepensis, and bushes such as Nerium oleander, Rubus, Rosa canina, Crataegus monogyna, etc. Nevertheless, one species is dominating along the river: Arundo donax, a perennial invasive cane. This cane grows really fast and is reducing the population of native species.
The vegetation gives shelter to different species of fish, amphibian or crustacean. Some of them are endemic and fragile or are endangered.
The amount and variety of birds that visit the Girona river is increasing because of the proximity of the Oliva-Pego Marsh Natural Park. Several protected species of birds spend the winter or nest in the marsh and used the Girona river (upstream and downstream) to graze and feeding.

'''River water quality'''
Using a biological index IBMWP (Iberian Biomonitoring Working Party) it is possible to stablish the water quality depending of the macro- invertebrates collected in different water samples (2004 and 2005). Near the town of Sanet the index was 127 and in El Verger 97, corresponding to index values of very good quality (good ecological condition, water without contamination or not disrupted). (Zamora et al. 2005)

'''History'''
Before the second half of the 20th century, the river was very important for the daily life of the towns surrounding the river. People got canes as construction material and to feed the livestock. Sand and stones were used in construction too. But most of all, the water was used for irrigation. Some of the towns were really rich providing vegetables and fruits to the market.

'''Dynamics'''
The urban pressure and the new economic activities are the dynamics behind it’s degradation. Today the river is almost abandoned. Infrastructures and urban activities near the river are narrowing the river bed and blocking the water flow. And the industrial activities are throwing waste and polluting the water.

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Riu Girona Description.jpg|Location
Image:RiuGironaDescription2.jpg|Description
Image:Girona_basin.jpg|Drainage basin
Image:Girona_tributaires.jpg|Tributaires
Image:Girona_protectedareas.jpg|Protected areas
Image:Girona_settlements.jpg|Settlements
Image:study-area-and-detailed-case-study_location.jpg|Study area and case study location
Image:study area_Land planning.jpg|Study area: river plain land planning
Image:study area_Land zoning.jpg|Study area: river plain land zoning
Image:study area_flood riskiness.jpg|Study area: flood riskiness
Image:study area_natural and protected areas.jpg|Study area: natural and protected areas
Image:CASE-STUDY_BENIARBEIG_1-5000.jpg|Case study: Beniarbeig. Aerial view
Image:CASE-STUDY_BENIARBEIG_Land-planning.jpg|Case study: Land planning
Image:CASE-STUDY_BENIARBEIG_Land-zoning.jpg|Case study: Land zoning
Image:CASE-STUDY_BENIARBEIG_natural-and-open-areas.jpg|Case study: Natural and open areas
</gallery>

== What are the overall objectives of your design? What are the specific objectives for enhancing green infrastrucutre? ==

''Please give a short written argumentation (not more than 150 words). It is ok if you have different or even contradicting objectives within your group. Just make it explicit at the beginning of your process ''

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing.''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:CASE-STUDY_BENIARBEIG_GI-oportunities.jpg|GI oportunities
Image:The town, The river and Green islands.jpg|The town, The river and Green islands (Current condition)
Image:Flooding.jpg|Flooding settlements/river section (Catalina)
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|analytical drawing 4
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes), of course with an emphasis on green infrastructure aspects. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing representing his/her individual ideas.''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Proposed for future.jpg|The town, The river and Green islands (Proposed for future)(Majid)
Image:River_proposal1.jpg|Projective drawing of the river sides (Catalina)
Image:Solutions.jpg|GI solution for built and natural areas (Catalina)
Image:River-girona-public-use-def.jpg|The river as a green public space (Maria)
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==
''Please analyse the individual approaches presented so far and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses (you may use the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis SWOT]analysis model). Try to create a synthesis and represent it with a plan and some sketches. You can still use drawings/sketches.''

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|synthesis drawing 1
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|synthesis drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|synthesis drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|synthesis drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''Please reflect on your collaborative design process. Which potentials have you encountered? What was most difficult? What does collaborative design mean for you? (approx 150 words).''

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:flood1_byPCRG.jpg|Flood on 2007
Image:flood2_byPCRG.jpg|Beniarbeig bridge collapsed 2007
Image:flood3_by_PCRG.jpg|Flood El Verger 2007. Bridge under water
Image:flood4_by_PCRG.jpg|Flood El Verger 2007
Image:flood5_by_PCRG.jpg|flood El Verger 2007
Image:El_verger_riu_girona_by_Espencat.jpg|Girona River at El Verger
Image:Riu_Girona_a_Beiarbeig_by_Espencat.jpg|Girona River at Beniarbeig
Image:pan_beniarbeig_vora-concava_b.jpg|Meander at Beniarbeig
Image:pan_riu_verger_b.jpg|Arundo donax
Image:riu1.jpg|Bird taking a bath
Image:Riu2.JPG|River at Beniarbeig
Image:Riu3.JPG|River at Beniarbeig
Image:Riu4.JPG|Entering to El Verger
Image:Riu5.JPG|your image text
Image:Riu7.JPG|your image text
Image:Riu8.JPG|your image text
Image:Riu9.JPG|your image text
Image:Riu10.JPG|your image text
Image:Riu11.JPG|Under the highway
Image:Riu12.JPG|Highway
Image:riu13.jpg|Els Poblets
</gallery>

== References ==

Confederación hidrogràfica del Júcar (CHX) (2009): Lluvias de octubre de 2007. Trabajos realizados por la Confederación Hidrogràfica del Júcar. Ministerio de Medio Ambiente.

Confederación hidrogràfica del Júcar (CHX) (2011) version preliminar: Memora del Plan Director de Defensa Contra las Avenidas en la Comarca de la Marina Alta. Ministerio de Medio Ambiente.

Costa Mas, J. (1977): El marquesat de Dénia. Estudio geográfico. Departamentos de geografia de Valencia y Alicante, Universitat de València. ISBN: 84-370-0041-6

Costa Mas, J. (2008): El marco geográfico, demográfico y económico de la comarca de la Marina Alta. En: “Historia de la Marina Alta” Tomo I. Insitut d'estudis comarcals de la Marina Alta (IECMA). ISBN: 978-84-931704-4-8

Ripoll Berenguer, M.J. (2008): Pressions i conflictes territorials en el litoral mediterrani: La Marina Alta. Institut Alacantí de Cultura Juan Gil-Albert. Alacant. ISBN: 978-84-7784-538-6

Segura Beltrán, F. (2009): Geomorfología, inundacions y alteración antròpica del espacio inundable: el caso del riu Girona (Alacant, 2007). Boletín de la Asociación Española de Geógrafos, nº 49, pag. 83-103. ISSN: 0212-9426

Zamora, L.; Mezquita, F.; Rueda, J. (2005): Biodiversitat i ecología dels invertebrats aquàtics continentals de la Marina Alta i el seu valor com a indicadors de qualitat de les aigües de la comarca. Institut Alacantí de Cultura “Juan Gil-Albert”. Alacant.

http://riuadagirona.blogspot.com

www.daualdeu.wordpress.com

Wikipedia

Google maps

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Collaborative Design]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group G

2015-02-22T02:56:51Z

Majida: /* Image Gallery */

---> back to group page [[Green Infrastructure 2014 - Working Group G|working group G]]

'''Girona river'''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Girona river''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Marina Alta''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Spain''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Maria Josep Ripoll, Majid Amani Beni, Catalina Papiu-Zoran''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Riu_Girona_als_Poblets_Espencat.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=38.807194
|lng=-0.049115
|zoom=8
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

Girona river is born at 650 meters over the see level in the small town of Vall d’Alcalà. In the west side of the Marina Alta county. It has 34.7 km long and his drainage basin has 105 km². The river crosses the spectacular and hilly site known as “Barranc de l’Infern” (Devil’s gorge). It has an important geological and archeological value, and is highly appreciated by hikers and climbers. At the exit of the Devil’s gorge, a dam was builded on 1944 to increase water supply but it failed because of the permeable soil below the damp. Today the damp is almost silt with sediments and it hardly works delaying the flash flood.
All these area upstream is a natural protected zone associated to the European Natura 2000. It is protected as a Site of Community Importance (SCI) and a Special Protection Area of Wild Birds (SPA).

From the damp to the sea, the river has 20.38km long. This stretch of the river plain does not have any kind of protection. After the damp, the river crosses a width river plain that shapes the north of the Marina Alta county. The richest soils for agriculture are found here. The matrix of the river plain is composed mostly by orchards and vegetable gardens. The river is followed by several towns, some of them in the river banks.
The river plain is crossed by road infrastructures (motorway, highway, roads). Several urban settlements and activities are placed there: towns, urban sprawl, shopping mall, industrial areas.

Girona River ends in a sandy beach in the Mediterranean sea. It’s last stretch is surrounded by urban sprawl, detached and semi-detached houses for tourists or owned by elderly residents from central and north Europa. A submarine area about 2.200 ha in front of the Girona river mouth is protected as a SCI and SPA because it keeps a big Posidonia oceanica reef (seagrass endemic to the Mediterranean sea) very important for sea birds feeding.

Some details about the towns in the river plain:

'''Population:'''
Beniarbeig: 1.915 inhabitants (2013)
Ondara: 6.613 inhabitants (2013)
El Verger: 4.856 inhabitants (2013)
Els Poblets: 3.402 inhabitants (2013)

The tourism and foreign residents has an important impact over population and public services. A lot of foreign residents owned a house and spend part of the year in our county; tourist rent a house or a flat or a room in a hotel for vacations. This “floating” population is not included in the population census but they use infrastructures and public services that used to become overloaded on vacations. Most of the foreign residents are elderly which increases the average age and implies more pressure over medical public services.

'''Economy:'''
The economy of the towns around the Girona river are based mainly on the services sector (tourism, restaurants, transport, retailing and wholesaling, etc.) and construction sector. The industrial sector is formed by small family business based on traditional manufactured items (furniture, leather industry). Nevertheless, the agriculture sector is still important with the traditional production of oranges and the new introduction of kakis.

'''River vegetation and fauna'''
The riverbank vegetation is diverse and mainly composed by perennial vegetation: reedbed (Phargmites communis), rhizomatous grasses (Paspalum paspaloides, Paspalum vaginatum), water vegetation (Ranunculus, Potamogeton, etc.), trees such as Salix, Populus, Pinus halepensis, and bushes such as Nerium oleander, Rubus, Rosa canina, Crataegus monogyna, etc. Nevertheless, one species is dominating along the river: Arundo donax, a perennial invasive cane. This cane grows really fast and is reducing the population of native species.
The vegetation gives shelter to different species of fish, amphibian or crustacean. Some of them are endemic and fragile or are endangered.
The amount and variety of birds that visit the Girona river is increasing because of the proximity of the Oliva-Pego Marsh Natural Park. Several protected species of birds spend the winter or nest in the marsh and used the Girona river (upstream and downstream) to graze and feeding.

'''River water quality'''
Using a biological index IBMWP (Iberian Biomonitoring Working Party) it is possible to stablish the water quality depending of the macro- invertebrates collected in different water samples (2004 and 2005). Near the town of Sanet the index was 127 and in El Verger 97, corresponding to index values of very good quality (good ecological condition, water without contamination or not disrupted). (Zamora et al. 2005)

'''History'''
Before the second half of the 20th century, the river was very important for the daily life of the towns surrounding the river. People got canes as construction material and to feed the livestock. Sand and stones were used in construction too. But most of all, the water was used for irrigation. Some of the towns were really rich providing vegetables and fruits to the market.

'''Dynamics'''
The urban pressure and the new economic activities are the dynamics behind it’s degradation. Today the river is almost abandoned. Infrastructures and urban activities near the river are narrowing the river bed and blocking the water flow. And the industrial activities are throwing waste and polluting the water.

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Riu Girona Description.jpg|Location
Image:RiuGironaDescription2.jpg|Description
Image:Girona_basin.jpg|Drainage basin
Image:Girona_tributaires.jpg|Tributaires
Image:Girona_protectedareas.jpg|Protected areas
Image:Girona_settlements.jpg|Settlements
Image:study-area-and-detailed-case-study_location.jpg|Study area and case study location
Image:study area_Land planning.jpg|Study area: river plain land planning
Image:study area_Land zoning.jpg|Study area: river plain land zoning
Image:study area_flood riskiness.jpg|Study area: flood riskiness
Image:study area_natural and protected areas.jpg|Study area: natural and protected areas
Image:CASE-STUDY_BENIARBEIG_1-5000.jpg|Case study: Beniarbeig. Aerial view
Image:CASE-STUDY_BENIARBEIG_Land-planning.jpg|Case study: Land planning
Image:CASE-STUDY_BENIARBEIG_Land-zoning.jpg|Case study: Land zoning
Image:CASE-STUDY_BENIARBEIG_natural-and-open-areas.jpg|Case study: Natural and open areas
</gallery>

== What are the overall objectives of your design? What are the specific objectives for enhancing green infrastrucutre? ==

''Please give a short written argumentation (not more than 150 words). It is ok if you have different or even contradicting objectives within your group. Just make it explicit at the beginning of your process ''

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing.''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:CASE-STUDY_BENIARBEIG_GI-oportunities.jpg|GI oportunities
Image:The town, The river and Green islands.jpg|The town, The river and Green islands (Current condition)
Image:Flooding.jpg|Flooding settlements/river section (Catalina)
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|analytical drawing 4
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes), of course with an emphasis on green infrastructure aspects. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing representing his/her individual ideas.''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Proposed for future.jpg|The town, The river and Green islands (Proposed for future)(Majid)
Image:River_proposal1.jpg|Projective drawing of the river sides (Catalina)
Image:Solutions.jpg|GI solution for built and natural areas (Catalina)
Image:River-girona-public-use-def.jpg|The river as a green public space (Maria)
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==
''Please analyse the individual approaches presented so far and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses (you may use the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis SWOT]analysis model). Try to create a synthesis and represent it with a plan and some sketches. You can still use drawings/sketches.''

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|synthesis drawing 1
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|synthesis drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|synthesis drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|synthesis drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''Please reflect on your collaborative design process. Which potentials have you encountered? What was most difficult? What does collaborative design mean for you? (approx 150 words).''

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:flood1_byPCRG.jpg|Flood on 2007
Image:flood2_byPCRG.jpg|Beniarbeig bridge collapsed 2007
Image:flood3_by_PCRG.jpg|Flood El Verger 2007. Bridge under water
Image:flood4_by_PCRG.jpg|Flood El Verger 2007
Image:flood5_by_PCRG.jpg|flood El Verger 2007
Image:El_verger_riu_girona_by_Espencat.jpg|Girona River at El Verger
Image:Riu_Girona_a_Beiarbeig_by_Espencat.jpg|Girona River at Beniarbeig
Image:pan_beniarbeig_vora-concava_b.jpg|Meander at Beniarbeig
Image:pan_riu_verger_b.jpg|Arundo donax
Image:riu1.jpg|Bird taking a bath
Image:Riu2.JPG|River at Beniarbeig
Image:Riu3.JPG|River at Beniarbeig
Image:Riu4.JPG|Entering to El Verger
Image:Riu5.JPG|your image text
Image:Riu7.JPG|your image text
Image:Riu8.JPG|your image text
Image:Riu9.JPG|your image text
Image:Riu10.JPG|your image text
Image:Riu11.JPG|Under the highway
Image:Riu12.JPG|Highway
Image:riu13.jpg|Els Poblets
</gallery>

== References ==
''* Please make sure that you give proper references of all external resources used.''

''* Do not use images of which you do not hold the copyright.''

''* Please add internet links to other resources if necessary.''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Collaborative Design]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group G

2015-01-25T18:38:47Z

Majida: /* Projective drawings */

---> back to group page [[Green Infrastructure 2014 - Working Group G|working group G]]

'''Girona river'''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Girona river''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Marina Alta''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Spain''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Maria Josep Ripoll, Majid Amani Beni, Catalina Papiu-Zoran''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Riu_Girona_als_Poblets_Espencat.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=38.807194
|lng=-0.049115
|zoom=8
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

Girona river is born at 650 meters over the see level in the small town of Vall d’Alcalà. In the west side of the Marina Alta county. It has 34.7 km long and his drainage basin has 105 km². The river crosses the spectacular and hilly site known as “Barranc de l’Infern” (Devil’s gorge). It has an important geological and archeological value, and is highly appreciated by hikers and climbers. At the exit of the Devil’s gorge, a dam was builded on 1944 to increase water supply but it failed because of the permeable soil below the damp. Today the damp is almost silt with sediments and it hardly works delaying the flash flood.
All these area upstream is a natural protected zone associated to the European Natura 2000. It is protected as a Site of Community Importance (SCI) and a Special Protection Area of Wild Birds (SPA).

From the damp to the sea, the river has 20.38km long. This stretch of the river plain does not have any kind of protection. After the damp, the river crosses a width river plain that shapes the north of the Marina Alta county. The richest soils for agriculture are found here. The matrix of the river plain is composed mostly by orchards and vegetable gardens. The river is followed by several towns, some of them in the river banks.
The river plain is crossed by road infrastructures (motorway, highway, roads). Several urban settlements and activities are placed there: towns, urban sprawl, shopping mall, industrial areas.

Girona River ends in a sandy beach in the Mediterranean sea. It’s last stretch is surrounded by urban sprawl, detached and semi-detached houses for tourists or owned by elderly residents from central and north Europa. A submarine area about 2.200 ha in front of the Girona river mouth is protected as a SCI and SPA because it keeps a big Posidonia oceanica reef (seagrass endemic to the Mediterranean sea) very important for sea birds feeding.

Some details about the towns in the river plain:

'''Population:'''
Beniarbeig: 1.915 inhabitants (2013)
Ondara: 6.613 inhabitants (2013)
El Verger: 4.856 inhabitants (2013)
Els Poblets: 3.402 inhabitants (2013)

The tourism and foreign residents has an important impact over population and public services. A lot of foreign residents owned a house and spend part of the year in our county; tourist rent a house or a flat or a room in a hotel for vacations. This “floating” population is not included in the population census but they use infrastructures and public services that used to become overloaded on vacations. Most of the foreign residents are elderly which increases the average age and implies more pressure over medical public services.

'''Economy:'''
The economy of the towns around the Girona river are based mainly on the services sector (tourism, restaurants, transport, retailing and wholesaling, etc.) and construction sector. The industrial sector is formed by small family business based on traditional manufactured items (furniture, leather industry). Nevertheless, the agriculture sector is still important with the traditional production of oranges and the new introduction of kakis.

'''River vegetation and fauna'''
The riverbank vegetation is diverse and mainly composed by perennial vegetation: reedbed (Phargmites communis), rhizomatous grasses (Paspalum paspaloides, Paspalum vaginatum), water vegetation (Ranunculus, Potamogeton, etc.), trees such as Salix, Populus, Pinus halepensis, and bushes such as Nerium oleander, Rubus, Rosa canina, Crataegus monogyna, etc. Nevertheless, one species is dominating along the river: Arundo donax, a perennial invasive cane. This cane grows really fast and is reducing the population of native species.
The vegetation gives shelter to different species of fish, amphibian or crustacean. Some of them are endemic and fragile or are endangered.
The amount and variety of birds that visit the Girona river is increasing because of the proximity of the Oliva-Pego Marsh Natural Park. Several protected species of birds spend the winter or nest in the marsh and used the Girona river (upstream and downstream) to graze and feeding.

'''River water quality'''
Using a biological index IBMWP (Iberian Biomonitoring Working Party) it is possible to stablish the water quality depending of the macro- invertebrates collected in different water samples (2004 and 2005). Near the town of Sanet the index was 127 and in El Verger 97, corresponding to index values of very good quality (good ecological condition, water without contamination or not disrupted). (Zamora et al. 2005)

'''History'''
Before the second half of the 20th century, the river was very important for the daily life of the towns surrounding the river. People got canes as construction material and to feed the livestock. Sand and stones were used in construction too. But most of all, the water was used for irrigation. Some of the towns were really rich providing vegetables and fruits to the market.

'''Dynamics'''
The urban pressure and the new economic activities are the dynamics behind it’s degradation. Today the river is almost abandoned. Infrastructures and urban activities near the river are narrowing the river bed and blocking the water flow. And the industrial activities are throwing waste and polluting the water.

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Riu Girona Description.jpg|Location
Image:RiuGironaDescription2.jpg|Description
Image:Girona_basin.jpg|Drainage basin
Image:Girona_tributaires.jpg|Tributaires
Image:Girona_protectedareas.jpg|Protected areas
Image:Girona_settlements.jpg|Settlements
Image:study-area-and-detailed-case-study_location.jpg|Study area and case study location
Image:study area_Land planning.jpg|Study area: river plain land planning
Image:study area_Land zoning.jpg|Study area: river plain land zoning
Image:study area_flood riskiness.jpg|Study area: flood riskiness
Image:study area_natural and protected areas.jpg|Study area: natural and protected areas
Image:CASE-STUDY_BENIARBEIG_1-5000.jpg|Case study: Beniarbeig. Aerial view
Image:CASE-STUDY_BENIARBEIG_Land-planning.jpg|Case study: Land planning
Image:CASE-STUDY_BENIARBEIG_Land-zoning.jpg|Case study: Land zoning
Image:CASE-STUDY_BENIARBEIG_natural-and-open-areas.jpg|Case study: Natural and open areas
</gallery>

== What are the overall objectives of your design? What are the specific objectives for enhancing green infrastrucutre? ==

''Please give a short written argumentation (not more than 150 words). It is ok if you have different or even contradicting objectives within your group. Just make it explicit at the beginning of your process ''

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing.''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:CASE-STUDY_BENIARBEIG_GI-oportunities.jpg|GI oportunities
Image:The town, The river and Green islands.jpg|The town, The river and Green islands (Current condition)
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|analytical drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|analytical drawing 4
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes), of course with an emphasis on green infrastructure aspects. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing representing his/her individual ideas.''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|projective drawing 1
Image:Proposed for future.jpg|The town, The river and Green islands (Proposed for future)
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|projective drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|projective drawing 4
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==
''Please analyse the individual approaches presented so far and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses (you may use the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis SWOT]analysis model). Try to create a synthesis and represent it with a plan and some sketches. You can still use drawings/sketches.''

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|synthesis drawing 1
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|synthesis drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|synthesis drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|synthesis drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''Please reflect on your collaborative design process. Which potentials have you encountered? What was most difficult? What does collaborative design mean for you? (approx 150 words).''

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|image 1
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|image 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|image 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|image 4
</gallery>

== References ==
''* Please make sure that you give proper references of all external resources used.''

''* Do not use images of which you do not hold the copyright.''

''* Please add internet links to other resources if necessary.''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Collaborative Design]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

File:Proposed for future.jpg

2015-01-25T18:38:15Z

Majida:

Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group G

2015-01-25T17:56:49Z

Majida: /* Analytical drawings */

---> back to group page [[Green Infrastructure 2014 - Working Group G|working group G]]

'''Girona river'''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Girona river''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Marina Alta''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Spain''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Maria Josep Ripoll, Majid Amani Beni, Catalina Papiu-Zoran''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Riu_Girona_als_Poblets_Espencat.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=38.807194
|lng=-0.049115
|zoom=8
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

Girona river is born at 650 meters over the see level in the small town of Vall d’Alcalà. In the west side of the Marina Alta county. It has 34.7 km long and his drainage basin has 105 km². The river crosses the spectacular and hilly site known as “Barranc de l’Infern” (Devil’s gorge). It has an important geological and archeological value, and is highly appreciated by hikers and climbers. At the exit of the Devil’s gorge, a dam was builded on 1944 to increase water supply but it failed because of the permeable soil below the damp. Today the damp is almost silt with sediments and it hardly works delaying the flash flood.
All these area upstream is a natural protected zone associated to the European Natura 2000. It is protected as a Site of Community Importance (SCI) and a Special Protection Area of Wild Birds (SPA).

From the damp to the sea, the river has 20.38km long. This stretch of the river plain does not have any kind of protection. After the damp, the river crosses a width river plain that shapes the north of the Marina Alta county. The richest soils for agriculture are found here. The matrix of the river plain is composed mostly by orchards and vegetable gardens. The river is followed by several towns, some of them in the river banks.
The river plain is crossed by road infrastructures (motorway, highway, roads). Several urban settlements and activities are placed there: towns, urban sprawl, shopping mall, industrial areas.

Girona River ends in a sandy beach in the Mediterranean sea. It’s last stretch is surrounded by urban sprawl, detached and semi-detached houses for tourists or owned by elderly residents from central and north Europa. A submarine area about 2.200 ha in front of the Girona river mouth is protected as a SCI and SPA because it keeps a big Posidonia oceanica reef (seagrass endemic to the Mediterranean sea) very important for sea birds feeding.

Some details about the towns in the river plain:

'''Population:'''
Beniarbeig: 1.915 inhabitants (2013)
Ondara: 6.613 inhabitants (2013)
El Verger: 4.856 inhabitants (2013)
Els Poblets: 3.402 inhabitants (2013)

The tourism and foreign residents has an important impact over population and public services. A lot of foreign residents owned a house and spend part of the year in our county; tourist rent a house or a flat or a room in a hotel for vacations. This “floating” population is not included in the population census but they use infrastructures and public services that used to become overloaded on vacations. Most of the foreign residents are elderly which increases the average age and implies more pressure over medical public services.

'''Economy:'''
The economy of the towns around the Girona river are based mainly on the services sector (tourism, restaurants, transport, retailing and wholesaling, etc.) and construction sector. The industrial sector is formed by small family business based on traditional manufactured items (furniture, leather industry). Nevertheless, the agriculture sector is still important with the traditional production of oranges and the new introduction of kakis.

'''River vegetation and fauna'''
The riverbank vegetation is diverse and mainly composed by perennial vegetation: reedbed (Phargmites communis), rhizomatous grasses (Paspalum paspaloides, Paspalum vaginatum), water vegetation (Ranunculus, Potamogeton, etc.), trees such as Salix, Populus, Pinus halepensis, and bushes such as Nerium oleander, Rubus, Rosa canina, Crataegus monogyna, etc. Nevertheless, one species is dominating along the river: Arundo donax, a perennial invasive cane. This cane grows really fast and is reducing the population of native species.
The vegetation gives shelter to different species of fish, amphibian or crustacean. Some of them are endemic and fragile or are endangered.
The amount and variety of birds that visit the Girona river is increasing because of the proximity of the Oliva-Pego Marsh Natural Park. Several protected species of birds spend the winter or nest in the marsh and used the Girona river (upstream and downstream) to graze and feeding.

'''River water quality'''
Using a biological index IBMWP (Iberian Biomonitoring Working Party) it is possible to stablish the water quality depending of the macro- invertebrates collected in different water samples (2004 and 2005). Near the town of Sanet the index was 127 and in El Verger 97, corresponding to index values of very good quality (good ecological condition, water without contamination or not disrupted). (Zamora et al. 2005)

'''History'''
Before the second half of the 20th century, the river was very important for the daily life of the towns surrounding the river. People got canes as construction material and to feed the livestock. Sand and stones were used in construction too. But most of all, the water was used for irrigation. Some of the towns were really rich providing vegetables and fruits to the market.

'''Dynamics'''
The urban pressure and the new economic activities are the dynamics behind it’s degradation. Today the river is almost abandoned. Infrastructures and urban activities near the river are narrowing the river bed and blocking the water flow. And the industrial activities are throwing waste and polluting the water.

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Riu Girona Description.jpg|Location
Image:RiuGironaDescription2.jpg|Description
Image:Girona_basin.jpg|Drainage basin
Image:Girona_tributaires.jpg|Tributaires
Image:Girona_protectedareas.jpg|Protected areas
Image:Girona_settlements.jpg|Settlements
Image:study-area-and-detailed-case-study_location.jpg|Study area and case study location
Image:study area_Land planning.jpg|Study area: river plain land planning
Image:study area_Land zoning.jpg|Study area: river plain land zoning
Image:study area_flood riskiness.jpg|Study area: flood riskiness
Image:study area_natural and protected areas.jpg|Study area: natural and protected areas
Image:CASE-STUDY_BENIARBEIG_1-5000.jpg|Case study: Beniarbeig. Aerial view
Image:CASE-STUDY_BENIARBEIG_Land-planning.jpg|Case study: Land planning
Image:CASE-STUDY_BENIARBEIG_Land-zoning.jpg|Case study: Land zoning
Image:CASE-STUDY_BENIARBEIG_natural-and-open-areas.jpg|Case study: Natural and open areas
</gallery>

== What are the overall objectives of your design? What are the specific objectives for enhancing green infrastrucutre? ==

''Please give a short written argumentation (not more than 150 words). It is ok if you have different or even contradicting objectives within your group. Just make it explicit at the beginning of your process ''

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing.''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:CASE-STUDY_BENIARBEIG_GI-oportunities.jpg|GI oportunities
Image:The town, The river and Green islands.jpg|The town, The river and Green islands (Current condition)
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|analytical drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|analytical drawing 4
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes), of course with an emphasis on green infrastructure aspects. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing representing his/her individual ideas.''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|projective drawing 1
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|projective drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|projective drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|projective drawing 4
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==
''Please analyse the individual approaches presented so far and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses (you may use the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis SWOT]analysis model). Try to create a synthesis and represent it with a plan and some sketches. You can still use drawings/sketches.''

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|synthesis drawing 1
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|synthesis drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|synthesis drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|synthesis drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''Please reflect on your collaborative design process. Which potentials have you encountered? What was most difficult? What does collaborative design mean for you? (approx 150 words).''

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|image 1
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|image 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|image 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|image 4
</gallery>

== References ==
''* Please make sure that you give proper references of all external resources used.''

''* Do not use images of which you do not hold the copyright.''

''* Please add internet links to other resources if necessary.''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Collaborative Design]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

File:The town, The river and Green islands.jpg

2015-01-25T17:55:34Z

Majida:

Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group G - Case Study 1

2014-12-20T08:09:32Z

Majida: /* Projective drawings */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_G|working group G]]

''''''''Tiananmen Square''''''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' '''Tiananmen Square'''''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' China''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Beijing''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Majid Amani Beni''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Pic61l61rfl.gif|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=39.905408
|lng=116.397632
|zoom=3
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

Tiananmen Square is an outstanding designed landscape in the city Beijing (Capital of China).Its location in the heart of the city, presence of surrounding symbolic eloquent infrastructure, easily access for common and general people, road pattern of surrounding areas and existing landscape features and its Green Infrastructures make Tiananmen Square a famous and prominent urban plaza.
Tiananmen Square is not only the urban plaza but also an example of great aesthetical view in China.

Green Infrastructures in Tiananmen Square consist of flower gardens, trees and water bodies (water bodies can be considered as green Infrastructures). flower gardens include two lots in the Tiananmen Square full of colorful flowers. Trees can be seen in some parts of the squire specially at the side of the Chairman Mao’s Memorial Hall.

There is a water body outside of the square and at the middle point of the square of the Forbidden City. It is also a natural resource which can be classified as the green Infrastructures of the landscape of the Tiananmen Square.

== Author's perspective ==
in previous part it is mentioned that Tiananmen Squire, is a famous place in Beijing. Almost of tourists who travel to china, wish to visit this squire that located in the heart of city Beijing. Also it is an everyday landscape for lots of citizens. As i am new comer student in Beijing and my background is Horticulture (Floriculture) and green space science, when I visited the squire, I asked myself how its possible to put green infrastructures to make a better landscape in this site? Is there any problem with regard to current situation of the squire? How it could be solved?

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

'''Tiananmen Square''' is a large city square in the center of Beijing, China, named after the Tiananmen gate (Gate of Heavenly Peace) located to its North, separating it from the Forbidden City. Tiananmen Square is the fourth largest city square in the world (440,000 m2 – 880×500 m or 109 acres – 960×550 yd). It has great cultural and historical significance as it was the site of several important events in Chinese history.

The squire is generally considered as an urban plaza or urban center. People from regions of china and also from different countries come to visit it for its great architectural, ideological & historical significance.

This famous squire has different landscape elements as below:

'''NATURAL ELEMENTS'''

Natural elements in the Square consists of '''flower gardens''' and '''trees''' that mentioned in first section of this webpage.

'''IDEOLOGICAL ELEMENTS:'''

'''Chairman Mao’s Memorial Hall:'''
Mao Zedong Memorial Hall is the Tomb-site for China's Father of the Nation,
the longtime Chairman & Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, Mao Zedong. The Mausoleum building in itself is a strange mix of 1950's Stalinist architecture and some unclear hints of European and Chinese styles. It was constructed shortly after the death of Mao Zedong in September 1976 AD.
Today Mao Zedong Memorial Hall is one of the Top Attractions to visit on the Square, especially for Chinese citizens.

'''CULTURAL ELEMENTS:'''

'''Monument of Peoples’ Heroes:''' It is Established on April 22, 1958, Monument to People's Heroes lies in the center of the square.
It was built for Celebration of the heroes who died in the Chinese People's War for Liberation and the Chinese People's Revolution.

'''Quianmen Gate:'''
Quianmen (or Zhengyang Men) is one of nine gates that lead to the imperial quarters in the Forbidden City. It is located on the south side of Tiananmen Square.

'''National Museum of China:'''
It is located in the eastern side of Tiananmen Square. The building was one of ten famous architectures built in 1959 to mark the 10th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic.

'''Great Hall of the People:'''
The Great Hall of the People is located at the western edge of the square.
It is a modern structure and interesting for people and especially architects.

'''Tiananmen Gate:'''
The Tiananmen, Tian'anmen or Gate of Heavenly Peace is a famous
monument in Beijing. It is widely used as a national symbol.

'''Lampposts:'''
Lampposts are located in the pavement of Tiananmen Square. These Lampposts represents Chinese culture and history along with their architecture.

''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:800px-NationalMuseumofChinapic1.jpg|National Museum of China on the east side of the Square
Image:800px-Monument people's heroes 2.jpg|Monument to the People's Heroes and the Mausoleum of Mao Zedong
Image:800px-GreatHallofthePeoplepic2.jpg|The Great Hall of the People on the west side of the Square
Image:Tiananmen-square 1363102934.jpg|A drawing of the square
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
''Some problems can be seen in this famous square. The most important problem is the low ratio of green infrastructures and natural elements in the site. It seems that if enough green infrastructure be put in the square, the landscape will be more eye-caching.
Also there are other problems like the lack of sitting place for tourists and bad placement of security cameras. The security cameras is placed exactly under the Lampposts which have cultural and antithetical values. This bad placement makes disturbance in the view for Lampposts).
''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Lack of GI.jpg|Lack of green infrastructures
Image:Low gi ratio.jpg|low green infrastructure ratio
Image:Eyes in the sky.jpg|security cameras under the lampposts
Image:Tiananmen square-jpg.jpeg| no seat place
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
As it mentioned, The most important problem in this site, is the low ratio of green infrastructures and natural elements. It is believed that if some green infrastructure and natural elements be added and also if cultural and ideological elements of the site be connected together via natural elements, the landscape will be much richer and aesthetic.

Adding green infrastructure to this site have many advantages, not only for aesthetical purposes but also for increasing ecological role and habit diversity of this large urban site. adding green infrastructure makes this outstanding landscape more “natural“ and “people friendly“unique, interesting and representative for both Beijing’s residents as well as tourists.

However in the process of adding green infrastructure, for example in the process of planting design, some ecological principles should be considered. Applying the ecological principles will cause more '''sustainable landscape'''.

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
Green infrastructure potentially can increase in:

'''Aesthetic values''' (Antithetical values of GI in itself and also connecting different elements of the site)

'''Ecological role'''

'''Tourism attraction'''

'''Habit diversity'''

'''Sustainability'''

== Projective drawings ==

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:2 years.jpg|Tiananmen Square in 1-2 years
Image:10 years.jpg|Tiananmen Square in 10-15 years

</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
Tiananmen Square is a great example of designed and planned landscape. The location of the square in the heart of the city (Beijing, capital of China), presence of different cultural, ideological and historical elements, road pattern around the square and accessibility for people, make this square a famous and dominant urban places and tourist attraction site not only in the China but also in the world.

In the viewpoint of greening structure, the most important problem in this site, is low ratio of green infrastructures and natural elements in this site. It is believed that adding green infrastructure makes this outstanding landscape more natural, people friendly and representative for both Beijing’s residents as well as tourists. The advantages of the adding more green infrastructure to this site are increasing the aesthetic values, ecological role and habit diversity of this large urban site.

== Image Gallery ==

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:800px-TiananmenGatePic1.jpg|Tiananmen Gate
Image:08newmap-1.jpg|Airial view
Image:800px-200401-beijing-tianan-square-overview.jpg|Panorama
Image:Bundesarchiv Bild 137-009043, Peking, Blick vom Chienmen auf die Kaiserstadt.jpg|A historic photography
</gallery>

== References ==

[1] Hitchmough, J., & Woudstra, J. (1999). The ecology of exotic herbaceous perennials grown in managed, native grassy vegetation in urban landscapes. Landscape and Urban Planning, 45(2-3), 107-121.

[2] Kingsbury, N. (2004). Contemporary overview of naturalistic planting design. In the dynamic landscape, N. Dunnett & J. Hitchmough (Eds). (pp 58). London: Taylor & Francis.

[3] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiananmen_Square

[4] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Hall_of_the_People

[5] http://www.chinatour360.com/beijing/tiananmen-square.htm

[6] http://asiatravelasiatravel.blogspot.com/2009/10/beijing-chairman-mao-memorialhall.html

[7] http://www.orientalarchitecture.com/china/beijing/great-hall-of-thepeople.

[8] http://www.chinatourdesign.com/Tiananmen_Square/History_of_Tiananmen_Square.htm

[9] '''Images:''' Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org + Google Maps: https://maps.google.com

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

File:2 years.jpg

2014-12-20T08:07:36Z

Majida:

File:10 years.jpg

2014-12-20T08:07:11Z

Majida:

Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group G - Case Study 1

2014-12-19T02:52:44Z

Majida: /* Projective drawings */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_G|working group G]]

''''''''Tiananmen Square''''''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' '''Tiananmen Square'''''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' China''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Beijing''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Majid Amani Beni''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Pic61l61rfl.gif|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=39.905408
|lng=116.397632
|zoom=3
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

Tiananmen Square is an outstanding designed landscape in the city Beijing (Capital of China).Its location in the heart of the city, presence of surrounding symbolic eloquent infrastructure, easily access for common and general people, road pattern of surrounding areas and existing landscape features and its Green Infrastructures make Tiananmen Square a famous and prominent urban plaza.
Tiananmen Square is not only the urban plaza but also an example of great aesthetical view in China.

Green Infrastructures in Tiananmen Square consist of flower gardens, trees and water bodies (water bodies can be considered as green Infrastructures). flower gardens include two lots in the Tiananmen Square full of colorful flowers. Trees can be seen in some parts of the squire specially at the side of the Chairman Mao’s Memorial Hall.

There is a water body outside of the square and at the middle point of the square of the Forbidden City. It is also a natural resource which can be classified as the green Infrastructures of the landscape of the Tiananmen Square.

== Author's perspective ==
in previous part it is mentioned that Tiananmen Squire, is a famous place in Beijing. Almost of tourists who travel to china, wish to visit this squire that located in the heart of city Beijing. Also it is an everyday landscape for lots of citizens. As i am new comer student in Beijing and my background is Horticulture (Floriculture) and green space science, when I visited the squire, I asked myself how its possible to put green infrastructures to make a better landscape in this site? Is there any problem with regard to current situation of the squire? How it could be solved?

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

'''Tiananmen Square''' is a large city square in the center of Beijing, China, named after the Tiananmen gate (Gate of Heavenly Peace) located to its North, separating it from the Forbidden City. Tiananmen Square is the fourth largest city square in the world (440,000 m2 – 880×500 m or 109 acres – 960×550 yd). It has great cultural and historical significance as it was the site of several important events in Chinese history.

The squire is generally considered as an urban plaza or urban center. People from regions of china and also from different countries come to visit it for its great architectural, ideological & historical significance.

This famous squire has different landscape elements as below:

'''NATURAL ELEMENTS'''

Natural elements in the Square consists of '''flower gardens''' and '''trees''' that mentioned in first section of this webpage.

'''IDEOLOGICAL ELEMENTS:'''

'''Chairman Mao’s Memorial Hall:'''
Mao Zedong Memorial Hall is the Tomb-site for China's Father of the Nation,
the longtime Chairman & Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, Mao Zedong. The Mausoleum building in itself is a strange mix of 1950's Stalinist architecture and some unclear hints of European and Chinese styles. It was constructed shortly after the death of Mao Zedong in September 1976 AD.
Today Mao Zedong Memorial Hall is one of the Top Attractions to visit on the Square, especially for Chinese citizens.

'''CULTURAL ELEMENTS:'''

'''Monument of Peoples’ Heroes:''' It is Established on April 22, 1958, Monument to People's Heroes lies in the center of the square.
It was built for Celebration of the heroes who died in the Chinese People's War for Liberation and the Chinese People's Revolution.

'''Quianmen Gate:'''
Quianmen (or Zhengyang Men) is one of nine gates that lead to the imperial quarters in the Forbidden City. It is located on the south side of Tiananmen Square.

'''National Museum of China:'''
It is located in the eastern side of Tiananmen Square. The building was one of ten famous architectures built in 1959 to mark the 10th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic.

'''Great Hall of the People:'''
The Great Hall of the People is located at the western edge of the square.
It is a modern structure and interesting for people and especially architects.

'''Tiananmen Gate:'''
The Tiananmen, Tian'anmen or Gate of Heavenly Peace is a famous
monument in Beijing. It is widely used as a national symbol.

'''Lampposts:'''
Lampposts are located in the pavement of Tiananmen Square. These Lampposts represents Chinese culture and history along with their architecture.

''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:800px-NationalMuseumofChinapic1.jpg|National Museum of China on the east side of the Square
Image:800px-Monument people's heroes 2.jpg|Monument to the People's Heroes and the Mausoleum of Mao Zedong
Image:800px-GreatHallofthePeoplepic2.jpg|The Great Hall of the People on the west side of the Square
Image:Tiananmen-square 1363102934.jpg|A drawing of the square
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
''Some problems can be seen in this famous square. The most important problem is the low ratio of green infrastructures and natural elements in the site. It seems that if enough green infrastructure be put in the square, the landscape will be more eye-caching.
Also there are other problems like the lack of sitting place for tourists and bad placement of security cameras. The security cameras is placed exactly under the Lampposts which have cultural and antithetical values. This bad placement makes disturbance in the view for Lampposts).
''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Lack of GI.jpg|Lack of green infrastructures
Image:Low gi ratio.jpg|low green infrastructure ratio
Image:Eyes in the sky.jpg|security cameras under the lampposts
Image:Tiananmen square-jpg.jpeg| no seat place
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
As it mentioned, The most important problem in this site, is the low ratio of green infrastructures and natural elements. It is believed that if some green infrastructure and natural elements be added and also if cultural and ideological elements of the site be connected together via natural elements, the landscape will be much richer and aesthetic.

Adding green infrastructure to this site have many advantages, not only for aesthetical purposes but also for increasing ecological role and habit diversity of this large urban site. adding green infrastructure makes this outstanding landscape more “natural“ and “people friendly“unique, interesting and representative for both Beijing’s residents as well as tourists.

However in the process of adding green infrastructure, for example in the process of planting design, some ecological principles should be considered. Applying the ecological principles will cause more '''sustainable landscape'''.

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
Green infrastructure potentially can increase in:

'''Aesthetic values''' (Antithetical values of GI in itself and also connecting different elements of the site)

'''Ecological role'''

'''Tourism attraction'''

'''Habit diversity'''

'''Sustainability'''

== Projective drawings ==

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|Tiananmen Square in 1-2 years
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|Tiananmen Square in 10-15 years

</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
Tiananmen Square is a great example of designed and planned landscape. The location of the square in the heart of the city (Beijing, capital of China), presence of different cultural, ideological and historical elements, road pattern around the square and accessibility for people, make this square a famous and dominant urban places and tourist attraction site not only in the China but also in the world.

In the viewpoint of greening structure, the most important problem in this site, is low ratio of green infrastructures and natural elements in this site. It is believed that adding green infrastructure makes this outstanding landscape more natural, people friendly and representative for both Beijing’s residents as well as tourists. The advantages of the adding more green infrastructure to this site are increasing the aesthetic values, ecological role and habit diversity of this large urban site.

== Image Gallery ==

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:800px-TiananmenGatePic1.jpg|Tiananmen Gate
Image:08newmap-1.jpg|Airial view
Image:800px-200401-beijing-tianan-square-overview.jpg|Panorama
Image:Bundesarchiv Bild 137-009043, Peking, Blick vom Chienmen auf die Kaiserstadt.jpg|A historic photography
</gallery>

== References ==

[1] Hitchmough, J., & Woudstra, J. (1999). The ecology of exotic herbaceous perennials grown in managed, native grassy vegetation in urban landscapes. Landscape and Urban Planning, 45(2-3), 107-121.

[2] Kingsbury, N. (2004). Contemporary overview of naturalistic planting design. In the dynamic landscape, N. Dunnett & J. Hitchmough (Eds). (pp 58). London: Taylor & Francis.

[3] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiananmen_Square

[4] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Hall_of_the_People

[5] http://www.chinatour360.com/beijing/tiananmen-square.htm

[6] http://asiatravelasiatravel.blogspot.com/2009/10/beijing-chairman-mao-memorialhall.html

[7] http://www.orientalarchitecture.com/china/beijing/great-hall-of-thepeople.

[8] http://www.chinatourdesign.com/Tiananmen_Square/History_of_Tiananmen_Square.htm

[9] '''Images:''' Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org + Google Maps: https://maps.google.com

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group G

2014-12-16T04:22:50Z

Majida: /* Landscape and/or urban context of your case */

Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group G

2014-12-16T04:15:58Z

Majida:

Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group G - Case Study 1

2014-12-15T05:01:47Z

Majida: /* References */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_G|working group G]]

''''''''Tiananmen Square''''''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' '''Tiananmen Square'''''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' China''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Beijing''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Majid Amani Beni''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Pic61l61rfl.gif|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=39.905408
|lng=116.397632
|zoom=3
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

Tiananmen Square is an outstanding designed landscape in the city Beijing (Capital of China).Its location in the heart of the city, presence of surrounding symbolic eloquent infrastructure, easily access for common and general people, road pattern of surrounding areas and existing landscape features and its Green Infrastructures make Tiananmen Square a famous and prominent urban plaza.
Tiananmen Square is not only the urban plaza but also an example of great aesthetical view in China.

Green Infrastructures in Tiananmen Square consist of flower gardens, trees and water bodies (water bodies can be considered as green Infrastructures). flower gardens include two lots in the Tiananmen Square full of colorful flowers. Trees can be seen in some parts of the squire specially at the side of the Chairman Mao’s Memorial Hall.

There is a water body outside of the square and at the middle point of the square of the Forbidden City. It is also a natural resource which can be classified as the green Infrastructures of the landscape of the Tiananmen Square.

== Author's perspective ==
in previous part it is mentioned that Tiananmen Squire, is a famous place in Beijing. Almost of tourists who travel to china, wish to visit this squire that located in the heart of city Beijing. Also it is an everyday landscape for lots of citizens. As i am new comer student in Beijing and my background is Horticulture (Floriculture) and green space science, when I visited the squire, I asked myself how its possible to put green infrastructures to make a better landscape in this site? Is there any problem with regard to current situation of the squire? How it could be solved?

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

'''Tiananmen Square''' is a large city square in the center of Beijing, China, named after the Tiananmen gate (Gate of Heavenly Peace) located to its North, separating it from the Forbidden City. Tiananmen Square is the fourth largest city square in the world (440,000 m2 – 880×500 m or 109 acres – 960×550 yd). It has great cultural and historical significance as it was the site of several important events in Chinese history.

The squire is generally considered as an urban plaza or urban center. People from regions of china and also from different countries come to visit it for its great architectural, ideological & historical significance.

This famous squire has different landscape elements as below:

'''NATURAL ELEMENTS'''

Natural elements in the Square consists of '''flower gardens''' and '''trees''' that mentioned in first section of this webpage.

'''IDEOLOGICAL ELEMENTS:'''

'''Chairman Mao’s Memorial Hall:'''
Mao Zedong Memorial Hall is the Tomb-site for China's Father of the Nation,
the longtime Chairman & Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, Mao Zedong. The Mausoleum building in itself is a strange mix of 1950's Stalinist architecture and some unclear hints of European and Chinese styles. It was constructed shortly after the death of Mao Zedong in September 1976 AD.
Today Mao Zedong Memorial Hall is one of the Top Attractions to visit on the Square, especially for Chinese citizens.

'''CULTURAL ELEMENTS:'''

'''Monument of Peoples’ Heroes:''' It is Established on April 22, 1958, Monument to People's Heroes lies in the center of the square.
It was built for Celebration of the heroes who died in the Chinese People's War for Liberation and the Chinese People's Revolution.

'''Quianmen Gate:'''
Quianmen (or Zhengyang Men) is one of nine gates that lead to the imperial quarters in the Forbidden City. It is located on the south side of Tiananmen Square.

'''National Museum of China:'''
It is located in the eastern side of Tiananmen Square. The building was one of ten famous architectures built in 1959 to mark the 10th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic.

'''Great Hall of the People:'''
The Great Hall of the People is located at the western edge of the square.
It is a modern structure and interesting for people and especially architects.

'''Tiananmen Gate:'''
The Tiananmen, Tian'anmen or Gate of Heavenly Peace is a famous
monument in Beijing. It is widely used as a national symbol.

'''Lampposts:'''
Lampposts are located in the pavement of Tiananmen Square. These Lampposts represents Chinese culture and history along with their architecture.

''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:800px-NationalMuseumofChinapic1.jpg|National Museum of China on the east side of the Square
Image:800px-Monument people's heroes 2.jpg|Monument to the People's Heroes and the Mausoleum of Mao Zedong
Image:800px-GreatHallofthePeoplepic2.jpg|The Great Hall of the People on the west side of the Square
Image:Tiananmen-square 1363102934.jpg|A drawing of the square
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
''Some problems can be seen in this famous square. The most important problem is the low ratio of green infrastructures and natural elements in the site. It seems that if enough green infrastructure be put in the square, the landscape will be more eye-caching.
Also there are other problems like the lack of sitting place for tourists and bad placement of security cameras. The security cameras is placed exactly under the Lampposts which have cultural and antithetical values. This bad placement makes disturbance in the view for Lampposts).
''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Lack of GI.jpg|Lack of green infrastructures
Image:Low gi ratio.jpg|low green infrastructure ratio
Image:Eyes in the sky.jpg|security cameras under the lampposts
Image:Tiananmen square-jpg.jpeg| no seat place
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
As it mentioned, The most important problem in this site, is the low ratio of green infrastructures and natural elements. It is believed that if some green infrastructure and natural elements be added and also if cultural and ideological elements of the site be connected together via natural elements, the landscape will be much richer and aesthetic.

Adding green infrastructure to this site have many advantages, not only for aesthetical purposes but also for increasing ecological role and habit diversity of this large urban site. adding green infrastructure makes this outstanding landscape more “natural“ and “people friendly“unique, interesting and representative for both Beijing’s residents as well as tourists.

However in the process of adding green infrastructure, for example in the process of planting design, some ecological principles should be considered. Applying the ecological principles will cause more '''sustainable landscape'''.

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
Green infrastructure potentially can increase in:

'''Aesthetic values''' (Antithetical values of GI in itself and also connecting different elements of the site)

'''Ecological role'''

'''Tourism attraction'''

'''Habit diversity'''

'''Sustainability'''

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
Tiananmen Square is a great example of designed and planned landscape. The location of the square in the heart of the city (Beijing, capital of China), presence of different cultural, ideological and historical elements, road pattern around the square and accessibility for people, make this square a famous and dominant urban places and tourist attraction site not only in the China but also in the world.

In the viewpoint of greening structure, the most important problem in this site, is low ratio of green infrastructures and natural elements in this site. It is believed that adding green infrastructure makes this outstanding landscape more natural, people friendly and representative for both Beijing’s residents as well as tourists. The advantages of the adding more green infrastructure to this site are increasing the aesthetic values, ecological role and habit diversity of this large urban site.

== Image Gallery ==

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:800px-TiananmenGatePic1.jpg|Tiananmen Gate
Image:08newmap-1.jpg|Airial view
Image:800px-200401-beijing-tianan-square-overview.jpg|Panorama
Image:Bundesarchiv Bild 137-009043, Peking, Blick vom Chienmen auf die Kaiserstadt.jpg|A historic photography
</gallery>

== References ==

[1] Hitchmough, J., & Woudstra, J. (1999). The ecology of exotic herbaceous perennials grown in managed, native grassy vegetation in urban landscapes. Landscape and Urban Planning, 45(2-3), 107-121.

[2] Kingsbury, N. (2004). Contemporary overview of naturalistic planting design. In the dynamic landscape, N. Dunnett & J. Hitchmough (Eds). (pp 58). London: Taylor & Francis.

[3] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiananmen_Square

[4] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Hall_of_the_People

[5] http://www.chinatour360.com/beijing/tiananmen-square.htm

[6] http://asiatravelasiatravel.blogspot.com/2009/10/beijing-chairman-mao-memorialhall.html

[7] http://www.orientalarchitecture.com/china/beijing/great-hall-of-thepeople.

[8] http://www.chinatourdesign.com/Tiananmen_Square/History_of_Tiananmen_Square.htm

[9] '''Images:''' Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org + Google Maps: https://maps.google.com

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group G - Case Study 1

2014-12-15T05:01:09Z

Majida: /* References */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_G|working group G]]

''''''''Tiananmen Square''''''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' '''Tiananmen Square'''''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' China''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Beijing''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Majid Amani Beni''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Pic61l61rfl.gif|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=39.905408
|lng=116.397632
|zoom=3
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

Tiananmen Square is an outstanding designed landscape in the city Beijing (Capital of China).Its location in the heart of the city, presence of surrounding symbolic eloquent infrastructure, easily access for common and general people, road pattern of surrounding areas and existing landscape features and its Green Infrastructures make Tiananmen Square a famous and prominent urban plaza.
Tiananmen Square is not only the urban plaza but also an example of great aesthetical view in China.

Green Infrastructures in Tiananmen Square consist of flower gardens, trees and water bodies (water bodies can be considered as green Infrastructures). flower gardens include two lots in the Tiananmen Square full of colorful flowers. Trees can be seen in some parts of the squire specially at the side of the Chairman Mao’s Memorial Hall.

There is a water body outside of the square and at the middle point of the square of the Forbidden City. It is also a natural resource which can be classified as the green Infrastructures of the landscape of the Tiananmen Square.

== Author's perspective ==
in previous part it is mentioned that Tiananmen Squire, is a famous place in Beijing. Almost of tourists who travel to china, wish to visit this squire that located in the heart of city Beijing. Also it is an everyday landscape for lots of citizens. As i am new comer student in Beijing and my background is Horticulture (Floriculture) and green space science, when I visited the squire, I asked myself how its possible to put green infrastructures to make a better landscape in this site? Is there any problem with regard to current situation of the squire? How it could be solved?

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

'''Tiananmen Square''' is a large city square in the center of Beijing, China, named after the Tiananmen gate (Gate of Heavenly Peace) located to its North, separating it from the Forbidden City. Tiananmen Square is the fourth largest city square in the world (440,000 m2 – 880×500 m or 109 acres – 960×550 yd). It has great cultural and historical significance as it was the site of several important events in Chinese history.

The squire is generally considered as an urban plaza or urban center. People from regions of china and also from different countries come to visit it for its great architectural, ideological & historical significance.

This famous squire has different landscape elements as below:

'''NATURAL ELEMENTS'''

Natural elements in the Square consists of '''flower gardens''' and '''trees''' that mentioned in first section of this webpage.

'''IDEOLOGICAL ELEMENTS:'''

'''Chairman Mao’s Memorial Hall:'''
Mao Zedong Memorial Hall is the Tomb-site for China's Father of the Nation,
the longtime Chairman & Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, Mao Zedong. The Mausoleum building in itself is a strange mix of 1950's Stalinist architecture and some unclear hints of European and Chinese styles. It was constructed shortly after the death of Mao Zedong in September 1976 AD.
Today Mao Zedong Memorial Hall is one of the Top Attractions to visit on the Square, especially for Chinese citizens.

'''CULTURAL ELEMENTS:'''

'''Monument of Peoples’ Heroes:''' It is Established on April 22, 1958, Monument to People's Heroes lies in the center of the square.
It was built for Celebration of the heroes who died in the Chinese People's War for Liberation and the Chinese People's Revolution.

'''Quianmen Gate:'''
Quianmen (or Zhengyang Men) is one of nine gates that lead to the imperial quarters in the Forbidden City. It is located on the south side of Tiananmen Square.

'''National Museum of China:'''
It is located in the eastern side of Tiananmen Square. The building was one of ten famous architectures built in 1959 to mark the 10th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic.

'''Great Hall of the People:'''
The Great Hall of the People is located at the western edge of the square.
It is a modern structure and interesting for people and especially architects.

'''Tiananmen Gate:'''
The Tiananmen, Tian'anmen or Gate of Heavenly Peace is a famous
monument in Beijing. It is widely used as a national symbol.

'''Lampposts:'''
Lampposts are located in the pavement of Tiananmen Square. These Lampposts represents Chinese culture and history along with their architecture.

''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:800px-NationalMuseumofChinapic1.jpg|National Museum of China on the east side of the Square
Image:800px-Monument people's heroes 2.jpg|Monument to the People's Heroes and the Mausoleum of Mao Zedong
Image:800px-GreatHallofthePeoplepic2.jpg|The Great Hall of the People on the west side of the Square
Image:Tiananmen-square 1363102934.jpg|A drawing of the square
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
''Some problems can be seen in this famous square. The most important problem is the low ratio of green infrastructures and natural elements in the site. It seems that if enough green infrastructure be put in the square, the landscape will be more eye-caching.
Also there are other problems like the lack of sitting place for tourists and bad placement of security cameras. The security cameras is placed exactly under the Lampposts which have cultural and antithetical values. This bad placement makes disturbance in the view for Lampposts).
''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Lack of GI.jpg|Lack of green infrastructures
Image:Low gi ratio.jpg|low green infrastructure ratio
Image:Eyes in the sky.jpg|security cameras under the lampposts
Image:Tiananmen square-jpg.jpeg| no seat place
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
As it mentioned, The most important problem in this site, is the low ratio of green infrastructures and natural elements. It is believed that if some green infrastructure and natural elements be added and also if cultural and ideological elements of the site be connected together via natural elements, the landscape will be much richer and aesthetic.

Adding green infrastructure to this site have many advantages, not only for aesthetical purposes but also for increasing ecological role and habit diversity of this large urban site. adding green infrastructure makes this outstanding landscape more “natural“ and “people friendly“unique, interesting and representative for both Beijing’s residents as well as tourists.

However in the process of adding green infrastructure, for example in the process of planting design, some ecological principles should be considered. Applying the ecological principles will cause more '''sustainable landscape'''.

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
Green infrastructure potentially can increase in:

'''Aesthetic values''' (Antithetical values of GI in itself and also connecting different elements of the site)

'''Ecological role'''

'''Tourism attraction'''

'''Habit diversity'''

'''Sustainability'''

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
Tiananmen Square is a great example of designed and planned landscape. The location of the square in the heart of the city (Beijing, capital of China), presence of different cultural, ideological and historical elements, road pattern around the square and accessibility for people, make this square a famous and dominant urban places and tourist attraction site not only in the China but also in the world.

In the viewpoint of greening structure, the most important problem in this site, is low ratio of green infrastructures and natural elements in this site. It is believed that adding green infrastructure makes this outstanding landscape more natural, people friendly and representative for both Beijing’s residents as well as tourists. The advantages of the adding more green infrastructure to this site are increasing the aesthetic values, ecological role and habit diversity of this large urban site.

== Image Gallery ==

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:800px-TiananmenGatePic1.jpg|Tiananmen Gate
Image:08newmap-1.jpg|Airial view
Image:800px-200401-beijing-tianan-square-overview.jpg|Panorama
Image:Bundesarchiv Bild 137-009043, Peking, Blick vom Chienmen auf die Kaiserstadt.jpg|A historic photography
</gallery>

== References ==

[1] Hitchmough, J., & Woudstra, J. (1999). The ecology of exotic herbaceous perennials grown in managed, native grassy vegetation in urban landscapes. Landscape and Urban Planning, 45(2-3), 107-121.

[2] Kingsbury, N. (2004). Contemporary overview of naturalistic planting design. In the dynamic landscape, N. Dunnett & J. Hitchmough (Eds). (pp 58). London: Taylor & Francis.

[3] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiananmen_Square

[4] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Hall_of_the_People

[5] http://www.chinatour360.com/beijing/tiananmen-square.htm

[6] http://asiatravelasiatravel.blogspot.com/2009/10/beijing-chairman-mao-memorialhall.html

[7] http://www.orientalarchitecture.com/china/beijing/great-hall-of-thepeople.

[8] phphttp://www.chinatourdesign.com/Tiananmen_Square/History_of_Tiananmen_Square.htm

[9] '''Images:''' Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org + Google Maps: https://maps.google.com

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group G - Case Study 1

2014-12-15T04:59:04Z

Majida: /* References */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_G|working group G]]

''''''''Tiananmen Square''''''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' '''Tiananmen Square'''''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' China''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Beijing''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Majid Amani Beni''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Pic61l61rfl.gif|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=39.905408
|lng=116.397632
|zoom=3
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

Tiananmen Square is an outstanding designed landscape in the city Beijing (Capital of China).Its location in the heart of the city, presence of surrounding symbolic eloquent infrastructure, easily access for common and general people, road pattern of surrounding areas and existing landscape features and its Green Infrastructures make Tiananmen Square a famous and prominent urban plaza.
Tiananmen Square is not only the urban plaza but also an example of great aesthetical view in China.

Green Infrastructures in Tiananmen Square consist of flower gardens, trees and water bodies (water bodies can be considered as green Infrastructures). flower gardens include two lots in the Tiananmen Square full of colorful flowers. Trees can be seen in some parts of the squire specially at the side of the Chairman Mao’s Memorial Hall.

There is a water body outside of the square and at the middle point of the square of the Forbidden City. It is also a natural resource which can be classified as the green Infrastructures of the landscape of the Tiananmen Square.

== Author's perspective ==
in previous part it is mentioned that Tiananmen Squire, is a famous place in Beijing. Almost of tourists who travel to china, wish to visit this squire that located in the heart of city Beijing. Also it is an everyday landscape for lots of citizens. As i am new comer student in Beijing and my background is Horticulture (Floriculture) and green space science, when I visited the squire, I asked myself how its possible to put green infrastructures to make a better landscape in this site? Is there any problem with regard to current situation of the squire? How it could be solved?

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

'''Tiananmen Square''' is a large city square in the center of Beijing, China, named after the Tiananmen gate (Gate of Heavenly Peace) located to its North, separating it from the Forbidden City. Tiananmen Square is the fourth largest city square in the world (440,000 m2 – 880×500 m or 109 acres – 960×550 yd). It has great cultural and historical significance as it was the site of several important events in Chinese history.

The squire is generally considered as an urban plaza or urban center. People from regions of china and also from different countries come to visit it for its great architectural, ideological & historical significance.

This famous squire has different landscape elements as below:

'''NATURAL ELEMENTS'''

Natural elements in the Square consists of '''flower gardens''' and '''trees''' that mentioned in first section of this webpage.

'''IDEOLOGICAL ELEMENTS:'''

'''Chairman Mao’s Memorial Hall:'''
Mao Zedong Memorial Hall is the Tomb-site for China's Father of the Nation,
the longtime Chairman & Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, Mao Zedong. The Mausoleum building in itself is a strange mix of 1950's Stalinist architecture and some unclear hints of European and Chinese styles. It was constructed shortly after the death of Mao Zedong in September 1976 AD.
Today Mao Zedong Memorial Hall is one of the Top Attractions to visit on the Square, especially for Chinese citizens.

'''CULTURAL ELEMENTS:'''

'''Monument of Peoples’ Heroes:''' It is Established on April 22, 1958, Monument to People's Heroes lies in the center of the square.
It was built for Celebration of the heroes who died in the Chinese People's War for Liberation and the Chinese People's Revolution.

'''Quianmen Gate:'''
Quianmen (or Zhengyang Men) is one of nine gates that lead to the imperial quarters in the Forbidden City. It is located on the south side of Tiananmen Square.

'''National Museum of China:'''
It is located in the eastern side of Tiananmen Square. The building was one of ten famous architectures built in 1959 to mark the 10th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic.

'''Great Hall of the People:'''
The Great Hall of the People is located at the western edge of the square.
It is a modern structure and interesting for people and especially architects.

'''Tiananmen Gate:'''
The Tiananmen, Tian'anmen or Gate of Heavenly Peace is a famous
monument in Beijing. It is widely used as a national symbol.

'''Lampposts:'''
Lampposts are located in the pavement of Tiananmen Square. These Lampposts represents Chinese culture and history along with their architecture.

''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:800px-NationalMuseumofChinapic1.jpg|National Museum of China on the east side of the Square
Image:800px-Monument people's heroes 2.jpg|Monument to the People's Heroes and the Mausoleum of Mao Zedong
Image:800px-GreatHallofthePeoplepic2.jpg|The Great Hall of the People on the west side of the Square
Image:Tiananmen-square 1363102934.jpg|A drawing of the square
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
''Some problems can be seen in this famous square. The most important problem is the low ratio of green infrastructures and natural elements in the site. It seems that if enough green infrastructure be put in the square, the landscape will be more eye-caching.
Also there are other problems like the lack of sitting place for tourists and bad placement of security cameras. The security cameras is placed exactly under the Lampposts which have cultural and antithetical values. This bad placement makes disturbance in the view for Lampposts).
''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Lack of GI.jpg|Lack of green infrastructures
Image:Low gi ratio.jpg|low green infrastructure ratio
Image:Eyes in the sky.jpg|security cameras under the lampposts
Image:Tiananmen square-jpg.jpeg| no seat place
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
As it mentioned, The most important problem in this site, is the low ratio of green infrastructures and natural elements. It is believed that if some green infrastructure and natural elements be added and also if cultural and ideological elements of the site be connected together via natural elements, the landscape will be much richer and aesthetic.

Adding green infrastructure to this site have many advantages, not only for aesthetical purposes but also for increasing ecological role and habit diversity of this large urban site. adding green infrastructure makes this outstanding landscape more “natural“ and “people friendly“unique, interesting and representative for both Beijing’s residents as well as tourists.

However in the process of adding green infrastructure, for example in the process of planting design, some ecological principles should be considered. Applying the ecological principles will cause more '''sustainable landscape'''.

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
Green infrastructure potentially can increase in:

'''Aesthetic values''' (Antithetical values of GI in itself and also connecting different elements of the site)

'''Ecological role'''

'''Tourism attraction'''

'''Habit diversity'''

'''Sustainability'''

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
Tiananmen Square is a great example of designed and planned landscape. The location of the square in the heart of the city (Beijing, capital of China), presence of different cultural, ideological and historical elements, road pattern around the square and accessibility for people, make this square a famous and dominant urban places and tourist attraction site not only in the China but also in the world.

In the viewpoint of greening structure, the most important problem in this site, is low ratio of green infrastructures and natural elements in this site. It is believed that adding green infrastructure makes this outstanding landscape more natural, people friendly and representative for both Beijing’s residents as well as tourists. The advantages of the adding more green infrastructure to this site are increasing the aesthetic values, ecological role and habit diversity of this large urban site.

== Image Gallery ==

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:800px-TiananmenGatePic1.jpg|Tiananmen Gate
Image:08newmap-1.jpg|Airial view
Image:800px-200401-beijing-tianan-square-overview.jpg|Panorama
Image:Bundesarchiv Bild 137-009043, Peking, Blick vom Chienmen auf die Kaiserstadt.jpg|A historic photography
</gallery>

== References ==

[1] Hitchmough, J., & Woudstra, J. (1999). The ecology of exotic herbaceous perennials grown in managed, native grassy vegetation in urban landscapes. Landscape and Urban Planning, 45(2-3), 107-121.
[2] Kingsbury, N. (2004). Contemporary overview of naturalistic planting design. In the dynamic landscape, N. Dunnett & J. Hitchmough (Eds). (pp 58). London: Taylor & Francis.
[3] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiananmen_Square
[4] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Hall_of_the_People
[5] http://www.chinatour360.com/beijing/tiananmen-square.htm
[6] http://asiatravelasiatravel.blogspot.com/2009/10/beijing-chairman-mao-memorialhall.html
[7] http://www.orientalarchitecture.com/china/beijing/great-hall-of-thepeople.
[8] phphttp://www.chinatourdesign.com/Tiananmen_Square/History_of_Tiananmen_Square.htm
[9] '''Images:''' Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org + Google Maps: https://maps.google.com

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group G - Case Study 1

2014-12-14T16:18:37Z

Majida: /* Summary and conclusion */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_G|working group G]]

''''''''Tiananmen Square''''''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' '''Tiananmen Square'''''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' China''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Beijing''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Majid Amani Beni''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Pic61l61rfl.gif|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=39.905408
|lng=116.397632
|zoom=3
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

Tiananmen Square is an outstanding designed landscape in the city Beijing (Capital of China).Its location in the heart of the city, presence of surrounding symbolic eloquent infrastructure, easily access for common and general people, road pattern of surrounding areas and existing landscape features and its Green Infrastructures make Tiananmen Square a famous and prominent urban plaza.
Tiananmen Square is not only the urban plaza but also an example of great aesthetical view in China.

Green Infrastructures in Tiananmen Square consist of flower gardens, trees and water bodies (water bodies can be considered as green Infrastructures). flower gardens include two lots in the Tiananmen Square full of colorful flowers. Trees can be seen in some parts of the squire specially at the side of the Chairman Mao’s Memorial Hall.

There is a water body outside of the square and at the middle point of the square of the Forbidden City. It is also a natural resource which can be classified as the green Infrastructures of the landscape of the Tiananmen Square.

== Author's perspective ==
in previous part it is mentioned that Tiananmen Squire, is a famous place in Beijing. Almost of tourists who travel to china, wish to visit this squire that located in the heart of city Beijing. Also it is an everyday landscape for lots of citizens. As i am new comer student in Beijing and my background is Horticulture (Floriculture) and green space science, when I visited the squire, I asked myself how its possible to put green infrastructures to make a better landscape in this site? Is there any problem with regard to current situation of the squire? How it could be solved?

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

'''Tiananmen Square''' is a large city square in the center of Beijing, China, named after the Tiananmen gate (Gate of Heavenly Peace) located to its North, separating it from the Forbidden City. Tiananmen Square is the fourth largest city square in the world (440,000 m2 – 880×500 m or 109 acres – 960×550 yd). It has great cultural and historical significance as it was the site of several important events in Chinese history.

The squire is generally considered as an urban plaza or urban center. People from regions of china and also from different countries come to visit it for its great architectural, ideological & historical significance.

This famous squire has different landscape elements as below:

'''NATURAL ELEMENTS'''

Natural elements in the Square consists of '''flower gardens''' and '''trees''' that mentioned in first section of this webpage.

'''IDEOLOGICAL ELEMENTS:'''

'''Chairman Mao’s Memorial Hall:'''
Mao Zedong Memorial Hall is the Tomb-site for China's Father of the Nation,
the longtime Chairman & Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, Mao Zedong. The Mausoleum building in itself is a strange mix of 1950's Stalinist architecture and some unclear hints of European and Chinese styles. It was constructed shortly after the death of Mao Zedong in September 1976 AD.
Today Mao Zedong Memorial Hall is one of the Top Attractions to visit on the Square, especially for Chinese citizens.

'''CULTURAL ELEMENTS:'''

'''Monument of Peoples’ Heroes:''' It is Established on April 22, 1958, Monument to People's Heroes lies in the center of the square.
It was built for Celebration of the heroes who died in the Chinese People's War for Liberation and the Chinese People's Revolution.

'''Quianmen Gate:'''
Quianmen (or Zhengyang Men) is one of nine gates that lead to the imperial quarters in the Forbidden City. It is located on the south side of Tiananmen Square.

'''National Museum of China:'''
It is located in the eastern side of Tiananmen Square. The building was one of ten famous architectures built in 1959 to mark the 10th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic.

'''Great Hall of the People:'''
The Great Hall of the People is located at the western edge of the square.
It is a modern structure and interesting for people and especially architects.

'''Tiananmen Gate:'''
The Tiananmen, Tian'anmen or Gate of Heavenly Peace is a famous
monument in Beijing. It is widely used as a national symbol.

'''Lampposts:'''
Lampposts are located in the pavement of Tiananmen Square. These Lampposts represents Chinese culture and history along with their architecture.

''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:800px-NationalMuseumofChinapic1.jpg|National Museum of China on the east side of the Square
Image:800px-Monument people's heroes 2.jpg|Monument to the People's Heroes and the Mausoleum of Mao Zedong
Image:800px-GreatHallofthePeoplepic2.jpg|The Great Hall of the People on the west side of the Square
Image:Tiananmen-square 1363102934.jpg|A drawing of the square
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
''Some problems can be seen in this famous square. The most important problem is the low ratio of green infrastructures and natural elements in the site. It seems that if enough green infrastructure be put in the square, the landscape will be more eye-caching.
Also there are other problems like the lack of sitting place for tourists and bad placement of security cameras. The security cameras is placed exactly under the Lampposts which have cultural and antithetical values. This bad placement makes disturbance in the view for Lampposts).
''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Lack of GI.jpg|Lack of green infrastructures
Image:Low gi ratio.jpg|low green infrastructure ratio
Image:Eyes in the sky.jpg|security cameras under the lampposts
Image:Tiananmen square-jpg.jpeg| no seat place
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
As it mentioned, The most important problem in this site, is the low ratio of green infrastructures and natural elements. It is believed that if some green infrastructure and natural elements be added and also if cultural and ideological elements of the site be connected together via natural elements, the landscape will be much richer and aesthetic.

Adding green infrastructure to this site have many advantages, not only for aesthetical purposes but also for increasing ecological role and habit diversity of this large urban site. adding green infrastructure makes this outstanding landscape more “natural“ and “people friendly“unique, interesting and representative for both Beijing’s residents as well as tourists.

However in the process of adding green infrastructure, for example in the process of planting design, some ecological principles should be considered. Applying the ecological principles will cause more '''sustainable landscape'''.

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
Green infrastructure potentially can increase in:

'''Aesthetic values''' (Antithetical values of GI in itself and also connecting different elements of the site)

'''Ecological role'''

'''Tourism attraction'''

'''Habit diversity'''

'''Sustainability'''

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
Tiananmen Square is a great example of designed and planned landscape. The location of the square in the heart of the city (Beijing, capital of China), presence of different cultural, ideological and historical elements, road pattern around the square and accessibility for people, make this square a famous and dominant urban places and tourist attraction site not only in the China but also in the world.

In the viewpoint of greening structure, the most important problem in this site, is low ratio of green infrastructures and natural elements in this site. It is believed that adding green infrastructure makes this outstanding landscape more natural, people friendly and representative for both Beijing’s residents as well as tourists. The advantages of the adding more green infrastructure to this site are increasing the aesthetic values, ecological role and habit diversity of this large urban site.

== Image Gallery ==

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:800px-TiananmenGatePic1.jpg|Tiananmen Gate
Image:08newmap-1.jpg|Airial view
Image:800px-200401-beijing-tianan-square-overview.jpg|Panorama
Image:Bundesarchiv Bild 137-009043, Peking, Blick vom Chienmen auf die Kaiserstadt.jpg|A historic photography
</gallery>

== References ==

*''please add your references here''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group G - Case Study 1

2014-12-14T15:33:34Z

Majida: /* Image Gallery */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_G|working group G]]

''''''''Tiananmen Square''''''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' '''Tiananmen Square'''''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' China''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Beijing''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Majid Amani Beni''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Pic61l61rfl.gif|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=39.905408
|lng=116.397632
|zoom=3
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

Tiananmen Square is an outstanding designed landscape in the city Beijing (Capital of China).Its location in the heart of the city, presence of surrounding symbolic eloquent infrastructure, easily access for common and general people, road pattern of surrounding areas and existing landscape features and its Green Infrastructures make Tiananmen Square a famous and prominent urban plaza.
Tiananmen Square is not only the urban plaza but also an example of great aesthetical view in China.

Green Infrastructures in Tiananmen Square consist of flower gardens, trees and water bodies (water bodies can be considered as green Infrastructures). flower gardens include two lots in the Tiananmen Square full of colorful flowers. Trees can be seen in some parts of the squire specially at the side of the Chairman Mao’s Memorial Hall.

There is a water body outside of the square and at the middle point of the square of the Forbidden City. It is also a natural resource which can be classified as the green Infrastructures of the landscape of the Tiananmen Square.

== Author's perspective ==
in previous part it is mentioned that Tiananmen Squire, is a famous place in Beijing. Almost of tourists who travel to china, wish to visit this squire that located in the heart of city Beijing. Also it is an everyday landscape for lots of citizens. As i am new comer student in Beijing and my background is Horticulture (Floriculture) and green space science, when I visited the squire, I asked myself how its possible to put green infrastructures to make a better landscape in this site? Is there any problem with regard to current situation of the squire? How it could be solved?

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

'''Tiananmen Square''' is a large city square in the center of Beijing, China, named after the Tiananmen gate (Gate of Heavenly Peace) located to its North, separating it from the Forbidden City. Tiananmen Square is the fourth largest city square in the world (440,000 m2 – 880×500 m or 109 acres – 960×550 yd). It has great cultural and historical significance as it was the site of several important events in Chinese history.

The squire is generally considered as an urban plaza or urban center. People from regions of china and also from different countries come to visit it for its great architectural, ideological & historical significance.

This famous squire has different landscape elements as below:

'''NATURAL ELEMENTS'''

Natural elements in the Square consists of '''flower gardens''' and '''trees''' that mentioned in first section of this webpage.

'''IDEOLOGICAL ELEMENTS:'''

'''Chairman Mao’s Memorial Hall:'''
Mao Zedong Memorial Hall is the Tomb-site for China's Father of the Nation,
the longtime Chairman & Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, Mao Zedong. The Mausoleum building in itself is a strange mix of 1950's Stalinist architecture and some unclear hints of European and Chinese styles. It was constructed shortly after the death of Mao Zedong in September 1976 AD.
Today Mao Zedong Memorial Hall is one of the Top Attractions to visit on the Square, especially for Chinese citizens.

'''CULTURAL ELEMENTS:'''

'''Monument of Peoples’ Heroes:''' It is Established on April 22, 1958, Monument to People's Heroes lies in the center of the square.
It was built for Celebration of the heroes who died in the Chinese People's War for Liberation and the Chinese People's Revolution.

'''Quianmen Gate:'''
Quianmen (or Zhengyang Men) is one of nine gates that lead to the imperial quarters in the Forbidden City. It is located on the south side of Tiananmen Square.

'''National Museum of China:'''
It is located in the eastern side of Tiananmen Square. The building was one of ten famous architectures built in 1959 to mark the 10th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic.

'''Great Hall of the People:'''
The Great Hall of the People is located at the western edge of the square.
It is a modern structure and interesting for people and especially architects.

'''Tiananmen Gate:'''
The Tiananmen, Tian'anmen or Gate of Heavenly Peace is a famous
monument in Beijing. It is widely used as a national symbol.

'''Lampposts:'''
Lampposts are located in the pavement of Tiananmen Square. These Lampposts represents Chinese culture and history along with their architecture.

''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:800px-NationalMuseumofChinapic1.jpg|National Museum of China on the east side of the Square
Image:800px-Monument people's heroes 2.jpg|Monument to the People's Heroes and the Mausoleum of Mao Zedong
Image:800px-GreatHallofthePeoplepic2.jpg|The Great Hall of the People on the west side of the Square
Image:Tiananmen-square 1363102934.jpg|A drawing of the square
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
''Some problems can be seen in this famous square. The most important problem is the low ratio of green infrastructures and natural elements in the site. It seems that if enough green infrastructure be put in the square, the landscape will be more eye-caching.
Also there are other problems like the lack of sitting place for tourists and bad placement of security cameras. The security cameras is placed exactly under the Lampposts which have cultural and antithetical values. This bad placement makes disturbance in the view for Lampposts).
''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Lack of GI.jpg|Lack of green infrastructures
Image:Low gi ratio.jpg|low green infrastructure ratio
Image:Eyes in the sky.jpg|security cameras under the lampposts
Image:Tiananmen square-jpg.jpeg| no seat place
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
As it mentioned, The most important problem in this site, is the low ratio of green infrastructures and natural elements. It is believed that if some green infrastructure and natural elements be added and also if cultural and ideological elements of the site be connected together via natural elements, the landscape will be much richer and aesthetic.

Adding green infrastructure to this site have many advantages, not only for aesthetical purposes but also for increasing ecological role and habit diversity of this large urban site. adding green infrastructure makes this outstanding landscape more “natural“ and “people friendly“unique, interesting and representative for both Beijing’s residents as well as tourists.

However in the process of adding green infrastructure, for example in the process of planting design, some ecological principles should be considered. Applying the ecological principles will cause more '''sustainable landscape'''.

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
Green infrastructure potentially can increase in:

'''Aesthetic values''' (Antithetical values of GI in itself and also connecting different elements of the site)

'''Ecological role'''

'''Tourism attraction'''

'''Habit diversity'''

'''Sustainability'''

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''100 words approx.''

== Image Gallery ==

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:800px-TiananmenGatePic1.jpg|Tiananmen Gate
Image:08newmap-1.jpg|Airial view
Image:800px-200401-beijing-tianan-square-overview.jpg|Panorama
Image:Bundesarchiv Bild 137-009043, Peking, Blick vom Chienmen auf die Kaiserstadt.jpg|A historic photography
</gallery>

== References ==

*''please add your references here''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group G - Case Study 1

2014-12-13T16:43:59Z

Majida: /* Potential for multifunctionality */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_G|working group G]]

''''''''Tiananmen Square''''''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' '''Tiananmen Square'''''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' China''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Beijing''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Majid Amani Beni''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Pic61l61rfl.gif|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=39.905408
|lng=116.397632
|zoom=3
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

Tiananmen Square is an outstanding designed landscape in the city Beijing (Capital of China).Its location in the heart of the city, presence of surrounding symbolic eloquent infrastructure, easily access for common and general people, road pattern of surrounding areas and existing landscape features and its Green Infrastructures make Tiananmen Square a famous and prominent urban plaza.
Tiananmen Square is not only the urban plaza but also an example of great aesthetical view in China.

Green Infrastructures in Tiananmen Square consist of flower gardens, trees and water bodies (water bodies can be considered as green Infrastructures). flower gardens include two lots in the Tiananmen Square full of colorful flowers. Trees can be seen in some parts of the squire specially at the side of the Chairman Mao’s Memorial Hall.

There is a water body outside of the square and at the middle point of the square of the Forbidden City. It is also a natural resource which can be classified as the green Infrastructures of the landscape of the Tiananmen Square.

== Author's perspective ==
in previous part it is mentioned that Tiananmen Squire, is a famous place in Beijing. Almost of tourists who travel to china, wish to visit this squire that located in the heart of city Beijing. Also it is an everyday landscape for lots of citizens. As i am new comer student in Beijing and my background is Horticulture (Floriculture) and green space science, when I visited the squire, I asked myself how its possible to put green infrastructures to make a better landscape in this site? Is there any problem with regard to current situation of the squire? How it could be solved?

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

'''Tiananmen Square''' is a large city square in the center of Beijing, China, named after the Tiananmen gate (Gate of Heavenly Peace) located to its North, separating it from the Forbidden City. Tiananmen Square is the fourth largest city square in the world (440,000 m2 – 880×500 m or 109 acres – 960×550 yd). It has great cultural and historical significance as it was the site of several important events in Chinese history.

The squire is generally considered as an urban plaza or urban center. People from regions of china and also from different countries come to visit it for its great architectural, ideological & historical significance.

This famous squire has different landscape elements as below:

'''NATURAL ELEMENTS'''

Natural elements in the Square consists of '''flower gardens''' and '''trees''' that mentioned in first section of this webpage.

'''IDEOLOGICAL ELEMENTS:'''

'''Chairman Mao’s Memorial Hall:'''
Mao Zedong Memorial Hall is the Tomb-site for China's Father of the Nation,
the longtime Chairman & Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, Mao Zedong. The Mausoleum building in itself is a strange mix of 1950's Stalinist architecture and some unclear hints of European and Chinese styles. It was constructed shortly after the death of Mao Zedong in September 1976 AD.
Today Mao Zedong Memorial Hall is one of the Top Attractions to visit on the Square, especially for Chinese citizens.

'''CULTURAL ELEMENTS:'''

'''Monument of Peoples’ Heroes:''' It is Established on April 22, 1958, Monument to People's Heroes lies in the center of the square.
It was built for Celebration of the heroes who died in the Chinese People's War for Liberation and the Chinese People's Revolution.

'''Quianmen Gate:'''
Quianmen (or Zhengyang Men) is one of nine gates that lead to the imperial quarters in the Forbidden City. It is located on the south side of Tiananmen Square.

'''National Museum of China:'''
It is located in the eastern side of Tiananmen Square. The building was one of ten famous architectures built in 1959 to mark the 10th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic.

'''Great Hall of the People:'''
The Great Hall of the People is located at the western edge of the square.
It is a modern structure and interesting for people and especially architects.

'''Tiananmen Gate:'''
The Tiananmen, Tian'anmen or Gate of Heavenly Peace is a famous
monument in Beijing. It is widely used as a national symbol.

'''Lampposts:'''
Lampposts are located in the pavement of Tiananmen Square. These Lampposts represents Chinese culture and history along with their architecture.

''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:800px-NationalMuseumofChinapic1.jpg|National Museum of China on the east side of the Square
Image:800px-Monument people's heroes 2.jpg|Monument to the People's Heroes and the Mausoleum of Mao Zedong
Image:800px-GreatHallofthePeoplepic2.jpg|The Great Hall of the People on the west side of the Square
Image:Tiananmen-square 1363102934.jpg|A drawing of the square
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
''Some problems can be seen in this famous square. The most important problem is the low ratio of green infrastructures and natural elements in the site. It seems that if enough green infrastructure be put in the square, the landscape will be more eye-caching.
Also there are other problems like the lack of sitting place for tourists and bad placement of security cameras. The security cameras is placed exactly under the Lampposts which have cultural and antithetical values. This bad placement makes disturbance in the view for Lampposts).
''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Lack of GI.jpg|Lack of green infrastructures
Image:Low gi ratio.jpg|low green infrastructure ratio
Image:Eyes in the sky.jpg|security cameras under the lampposts
Image:Tiananmen square-jpg.jpeg| no seat place
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
As it mentioned, The most important problem in this site, is the low ratio of green infrastructures and natural elements. It is believed that if some green infrastructure and natural elements be added and also if cultural and ideological elements of the site be connected together via natural elements, the landscape will be much richer and aesthetic.

Adding green infrastructure to this site have many advantages, not only for aesthetical purposes but also for increasing ecological role and habit diversity of this large urban site. adding green infrastructure makes this outstanding landscape more “natural“ and “people friendly“unique, interesting and representative for both Beijing’s residents as well as tourists.

However in the process of adding green infrastructure, for example in the process of planting design, some ecological principles should be considered. Applying the ecological principles will cause more '''sustainable landscape'''.

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
Green infrastructure potentially can increase in:

'''Aesthetic values''' (Antithetical values of GI in itself and also connecting different elements of the site)

'''Ecological role'''

'''Tourism attraction'''

'''Habit diversity'''

'''Sustainability'''

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''100 words approx.''

== Image Gallery ==
''Please add further images/photos here''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:800px-TiananmenGatePic1.jpg|Tiananmen Gate
Image:08newmap-1.jpg|Airial view
Image:800px-200401-beijing-tianan-square-overview.jpg|Panorama
Image:Bundesarchiv Bild 137-009043, Peking, Blick vom Chienmen auf die Kaiserstadt.jpg|A historic photography
</gallery>

== References ==

*''please add your references here''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group G - Case Study 1

2014-12-13T16:02:07Z

Majida: /* Green Infrastructure benefits for this site */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_G|working group G]]

''''''''Tiananmen Square''''''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' '''Tiananmen Square'''''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' China''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Beijing''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Majid Amani Beni''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Pic61l61rfl.gif|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=39.905408
|lng=116.397632
|zoom=3
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

Tiananmen Square is an outstanding designed landscape in the city Beijing (Capital of China).Its location in the heart of the city, presence of surrounding symbolic eloquent infrastructure, easily access for common and general people, road pattern of surrounding areas and existing landscape features and its Green Infrastructures make Tiananmen Square a famous and prominent urban plaza.
Tiananmen Square is not only the urban plaza but also an example of great aesthetical view in China.

Green Infrastructures in Tiananmen Square consist of flower gardens, trees and water bodies (water bodies can be considered as green Infrastructures). flower gardens include two lots in the Tiananmen Square full of colorful flowers. Trees can be seen in some parts of the squire specially at the side of the Chairman Mao’s Memorial Hall.

There is a water body outside of the square and at the middle point of the square of the Forbidden City. It is also a natural resource which can be classified as the green Infrastructures of the landscape of the Tiananmen Square.

== Author's perspective ==
in previous part it is mentioned that Tiananmen Squire, is a famous place in Beijing. Almost of tourists who travel to china, wish to visit this squire that located in the heart of city Beijing. Also it is an everyday landscape for lots of citizens. As i am new comer student in Beijing and my background is Horticulture (Floriculture) and green space science, when I visited the squire, I asked myself how its possible to put green infrastructures to make a better landscape in this site? Is there any problem with regard to current situation of the squire? How it could be solved?

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

'''Tiananmen Square''' is a large city square in the center of Beijing, China, named after the Tiananmen gate (Gate of Heavenly Peace) located to its North, separating it from the Forbidden City. Tiananmen Square is the fourth largest city square in the world (440,000 m2 – 880×500 m or 109 acres – 960×550 yd). It has great cultural and historical significance as it was the site of several important events in Chinese history.

The squire is generally considered as an urban plaza or urban center. People from regions of china and also from different countries come to visit it for its great architectural, ideological & historical significance.

This famous squire has different landscape elements as below:

'''NATURAL ELEMENTS'''

Natural elements in the Square consists of '''flower gardens''' and '''trees''' that mentioned in first section of this webpage.

'''IDEOLOGICAL ELEMENTS:'''

'''Chairman Mao’s Memorial Hall:'''
Mao Zedong Memorial Hall is the Tomb-site for China's Father of the Nation,
the longtime Chairman & Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, Mao Zedong. The Mausoleum building in itself is a strange mix of 1950's Stalinist architecture and some unclear hints of European and Chinese styles. It was constructed shortly after the death of Mao Zedong in September 1976 AD.
Today Mao Zedong Memorial Hall is one of the Top Attractions to visit on the Square, especially for Chinese citizens.

'''CULTURAL ELEMENTS:'''

'''Monument of Peoples’ Heroes:''' It is Established on April 22, 1958, Monument to People's Heroes lies in the center of the square.
It was built for Celebration of the heroes who died in the Chinese People's War for Liberation and the Chinese People's Revolution.

'''Quianmen Gate:'''
Quianmen (or Zhengyang Men) is one of nine gates that lead to the imperial quarters in the Forbidden City. It is located on the south side of Tiananmen Square.

'''National Museum of China:'''
It is located in the eastern side of Tiananmen Square. The building was one of ten famous architectures built in 1959 to mark the 10th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic.

'''Great Hall of the People:'''
The Great Hall of the People is located at the western edge of the square.
It is a modern structure and interesting for people and especially architects.

'''Tiananmen Gate:'''
The Tiananmen, Tian'anmen or Gate of Heavenly Peace is a famous
monument in Beijing. It is widely used as a national symbol.

'''Lampposts:'''
Lampposts are located in the pavement of Tiananmen Square. These Lampposts represents Chinese culture and history along with their architecture.

''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:800px-NationalMuseumofChinapic1.jpg|National Museum of China on the east side of the Square
Image:800px-Monument people's heroes 2.jpg|Monument to the People's Heroes and the Mausoleum of Mao Zedong
Image:800px-GreatHallofthePeoplepic2.jpg|The Great Hall of the People on the west side of the Square
Image:Tiananmen-square 1363102934.jpg|A drawing of the square
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
''Some problems can be seen in this famous square. The most important problem is the low ratio of green infrastructures and natural elements in the site. It seems that if enough green infrastructure be put in the square, the landscape will be more eye-caching.
Also there are other problems like the lack of sitting place for tourists and bad placement of security cameras. The security cameras is placed exactly under the Lampposts which have cultural and antithetical values. This bad placement makes disturbance in the view for Lampposts).
''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Lack of GI.jpg|Lack of green infrastructures
Image:Low gi ratio.jpg|low green infrastructure ratio
Image:Eyes in the sky.jpg|security cameras under the lampposts
Image:Tiananmen square-jpg.jpeg| no seat place
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
As it mentioned, The most important problem in this site, is the low ratio of green infrastructures and natural elements. It is believed that if some green infrastructure and natural elements be added and also if cultural and ideological elements of the site be connected together via natural elements, the landscape will be much richer and aesthetic.

Adding green infrastructure to this site have many advantages, not only for aesthetical purposes but also for increasing ecological role and habit diversity of this large urban site. adding green infrastructure makes this outstanding landscape more “natural“ and “people friendly“unique, interesting and representative for both Beijing’s residents as well as tourists.

However in the process of adding green infrastructure, for example in the process of planting design, some ecological principles should be considered. Applying the ecological principles will cause more '''sustainable landscape'''.

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Green infrastructure has typically multiple functions. What could be achieved for your site in this respect?''

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''100 words approx.''

== Image Gallery ==
''Please add further images/photos here''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:800px-TiananmenGatePic1.jpg|Tiananmen Gate
Image:08newmap-1.jpg|Airial view
Image:800px-200401-beijing-tianan-square-overview.jpg|Panorama
Image:Bundesarchiv Bild 137-009043, Peking, Blick vom Chienmen auf die Kaiserstadt.jpg|A historic photography
</gallery>

== References ==

*''please add your references here''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group G - Case Study 1

2014-12-13T15:57:19Z

Majida: /* Image Gallery */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_G|working group G]]

''''''''Tiananmen Square''''''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' '''Tiananmen Square'''''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' China''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Beijing''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Majid Amani Beni''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Pic61l61rfl.gif|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=39.905408
|lng=116.397632
|zoom=3
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

Tiananmen Square is an outstanding designed landscape in the city Beijing (Capital of China).Its location in the heart of the city, presence of surrounding symbolic eloquent infrastructure, easily access for common and general people, road pattern of surrounding areas and existing landscape features and its Green Infrastructures make Tiananmen Square a famous and prominent urban plaza.
Tiananmen Square is not only the urban plaza but also an example of great aesthetical view in China.

Green Infrastructures in Tiananmen Square consist of flower gardens, trees and water bodies (water bodies can be considered as green Infrastructures). flower gardens include two lots in the Tiananmen Square full of colorful flowers. Trees can be seen in some parts of the squire specially at the side of the Chairman Mao’s Memorial Hall.

There is a water body outside of the square and at the middle point of the square of the Forbidden City. It is also a natural resource which can be classified as the green Infrastructures of the landscape of the Tiananmen Square.

== Author's perspective ==
in previous part it is mentioned that Tiananmen Squire, is a famous place in Beijing. Almost of tourists who travel to china, wish to visit this squire that located in the heart of city Beijing. Also it is an everyday landscape for lots of citizens. As i am new comer student in Beijing and my background is Horticulture (Floriculture) and green space science, when I visited the squire, I asked myself how its possible to put green infrastructures to make a better landscape in this site? Is there any problem with regard to current situation of the squire? How it could be solved?

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

'''Tiananmen Square''' is a large city square in the center of Beijing, China, named after the Tiananmen gate (Gate of Heavenly Peace) located to its North, separating it from the Forbidden City. Tiananmen Square is the fourth largest city square in the world (440,000 m2 – 880×500 m or 109 acres – 960×550 yd). It has great cultural and historical significance as it was the site of several important events in Chinese history.

The squire is generally considered as an urban plaza or urban center. People from regions of china and also from different countries come to visit it for its great architectural, ideological & historical significance.

This famous squire has different landscape elements as below:

'''NATURAL ELEMENTS'''

Natural elements in the Square consists of '''flower gardens''' and '''trees''' that mentioned in first section of this webpage.

'''IDEOLOGICAL ELEMENTS:'''

'''Chairman Mao’s Memorial Hall:'''
Mao Zedong Memorial Hall is the Tomb-site for China's Father of the Nation,
the longtime Chairman & Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, Mao Zedong. The Mausoleum building in itself is a strange mix of 1950's Stalinist architecture and some unclear hints of European and Chinese styles. It was constructed shortly after the death of Mao Zedong in September 1976 AD.
Today Mao Zedong Memorial Hall is one of the Top Attractions to visit on the Square, especially for Chinese citizens.

'''CULTURAL ELEMENTS:'''

'''Monument of Peoples’ Heroes:''' It is Established on April 22, 1958, Monument to People's Heroes lies in the center of the square.
It was built for Celebration of the heroes who died in the Chinese People's War for Liberation and the Chinese People's Revolution.

'''Quianmen Gate:'''
Quianmen (or Zhengyang Men) is one of nine gates that lead to the imperial quarters in the Forbidden City. It is located on the south side of Tiananmen Square.

'''National Museum of China:'''
It is located in the eastern side of Tiananmen Square. The building was one of ten famous architectures built in 1959 to mark the 10th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic.

'''Great Hall of the People:'''
The Great Hall of the People is located at the western edge of the square.
It is a modern structure and interesting for people and especially architects.

'''Tiananmen Gate:'''
The Tiananmen, Tian'anmen or Gate of Heavenly Peace is a famous
monument in Beijing. It is widely used as a national symbol.

'''Lampposts:'''
Lampposts are located in the pavement of Tiananmen Square. These Lampposts represents Chinese culture and history along with their architecture.

''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:800px-NationalMuseumofChinapic1.jpg|National Museum of China on the east side of the Square
Image:800px-Monument people's heroes 2.jpg|Monument to the People's Heroes and the Mausoleum of Mao Zedong
Image:800px-GreatHallofthePeoplepic2.jpg|The Great Hall of the People on the west side of the Square
Image:Tiananmen-square 1363102934.jpg|A drawing of the square
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
''Some problems can be seen in this famous square. The most important problem is the low ratio of green infrastructures and natural elements in the site. It seems that if enough green infrastructure be put in the square, the landscape will be more eye-caching.
Also there are other problems like the lack of sitting place for tourists and bad placement of security cameras. The security cameras is placed exactly under the Lampposts which have cultural and antithetical values. This bad placement makes disturbance in the view for Lampposts).
''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Lack of GI.jpg|Lack of green infrastructures
Image:Low gi ratio.jpg|low green infrastructure ratio
Image:Eyes in the sky.jpg|security cameras under the lampposts
Image:Tiananmen square-jpg.jpeg| no seat place
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''Look again at the multiple benefits of green infrastructure - what could be achieved in your site and which are most relevant?''

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Green infrastructure has typically multiple functions. What could be achieved for your site in this respect?''

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''100 words approx.''

== Image Gallery ==
''Please add further images/photos here''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:800px-TiananmenGatePic1.jpg|Tiananmen Gate
Image:08newmap-1.jpg|Airial view
Image:800px-200401-beijing-tianan-square-overview.jpg|Panorama
Image:Bundesarchiv Bild 137-009043, Peking, Blick vom Chienmen auf die Kaiserstadt.jpg|A historic photography
</gallery>

== References ==

*''please add your references here''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group G - Case Study 1

2014-12-13T15:56:14Z

Majida: /* Image Gallery */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_G|working group G]]

''''''''Tiananmen Square''''''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' '''Tiananmen Square'''''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' China''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Beijing''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Majid Amani Beni''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Pic61l61rfl.gif|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=39.905408
|lng=116.397632
|zoom=3
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

Tiananmen Square is an outstanding designed landscape in the city Beijing (Capital of China).Its location in the heart of the city, presence of surrounding symbolic eloquent infrastructure, easily access for common and general people, road pattern of surrounding areas and existing landscape features and its Green Infrastructures make Tiananmen Square a famous and prominent urban plaza.
Tiananmen Square is not only the urban plaza but also an example of great aesthetical view in China.

Green Infrastructures in Tiananmen Square consist of flower gardens, trees and water bodies (water bodies can be considered as green Infrastructures). flower gardens include two lots in the Tiananmen Square full of colorful flowers. Trees can be seen in some parts of the squire specially at the side of the Chairman Mao’s Memorial Hall.

There is a water body outside of the square and at the middle point of the square of the Forbidden City. It is also a natural resource which can be classified as the green Infrastructures of the landscape of the Tiananmen Square.

== Author's perspective ==
in previous part it is mentioned that Tiananmen Squire, is a famous place in Beijing. Almost of tourists who travel to china, wish to visit this squire that located in the heart of city Beijing. Also it is an everyday landscape for lots of citizens. As i am new comer student in Beijing and my background is Horticulture (Floriculture) and green space science, when I visited the squire, I asked myself how its possible to put green infrastructures to make a better landscape in this site? Is there any problem with regard to current situation of the squire? How it could be solved?

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

'''Tiananmen Square''' is a large city square in the center of Beijing, China, named after the Tiananmen gate (Gate of Heavenly Peace) located to its North, separating it from the Forbidden City. Tiananmen Square is the fourth largest city square in the world (440,000 m2 – 880×500 m or 109 acres – 960×550 yd). It has great cultural and historical significance as it was the site of several important events in Chinese history.

The squire is generally considered as an urban plaza or urban center. People from regions of china and also from different countries come to visit it for its great architectural, ideological & historical significance.

This famous squire has different landscape elements as below:

'''NATURAL ELEMENTS'''

Natural elements in the Square consists of '''flower gardens''' and '''trees''' that mentioned in first section of this webpage.

'''IDEOLOGICAL ELEMENTS:'''

'''Chairman Mao’s Memorial Hall:'''
Mao Zedong Memorial Hall is the Tomb-site for China's Father of the Nation,
the longtime Chairman & Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, Mao Zedong. The Mausoleum building in itself is a strange mix of 1950's Stalinist architecture and some unclear hints of European and Chinese styles. It was constructed shortly after the death of Mao Zedong in September 1976 AD.
Today Mao Zedong Memorial Hall is one of the Top Attractions to visit on the Square, especially for Chinese citizens.

'''CULTURAL ELEMENTS:'''

'''Monument of Peoples’ Heroes:''' It is Established on April 22, 1958, Monument to People's Heroes lies in the center of the square.
It was built for Celebration of the heroes who died in the Chinese People's War for Liberation and the Chinese People's Revolution.

'''Quianmen Gate:'''
Quianmen (or Zhengyang Men) is one of nine gates that lead to the imperial quarters in the Forbidden City. It is located on the south side of Tiananmen Square.

'''National Museum of China:'''
It is located in the eastern side of Tiananmen Square. The building was one of ten famous architectures built in 1959 to mark the 10th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic.

'''Great Hall of the People:'''
The Great Hall of the People is located at the western edge of the square.
It is a modern structure and interesting for people and especially architects.

'''Tiananmen Gate:'''
The Tiananmen, Tian'anmen or Gate of Heavenly Peace is a famous
monument in Beijing. It is widely used as a national symbol.

'''Lampposts:'''
Lampposts are located in the pavement of Tiananmen Square. These Lampposts represents Chinese culture and history along with their architecture.

''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:800px-NationalMuseumofChinapic1.jpg|National Museum of China on the east side of the Square
Image:800px-Monument people's heroes 2.jpg|Monument to the People's Heroes and the Mausoleum of Mao Zedong
Image:800px-GreatHallofthePeoplepic2.jpg|The Great Hall of the People on the west side of the Square
Image:Tiananmen-square 1363102934.jpg|A drawing of the square
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
''Some problems can be seen in this famous square. The most important problem is the low ratio of green infrastructures and natural elements in the site. It seems that if enough green infrastructure be put in the square, the landscape will be more eye-caching.
Also there are other problems like the lack of sitting place for tourists and bad placement of security cameras. The security cameras is placed exactly under the Lampposts which have cultural and antithetical values. This bad placement makes disturbance in the view for Lampposts).
''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Lack of GI.jpg|Lack of green infrastructures
Image:Low gi ratio.jpg|low green infrastructure ratio
Image:Eyes in the sky.jpg|security cameras under the lampposts
Image:Tiananmen square-jpg.jpeg| no seat place
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''Look again at the multiple benefits of green infrastructure - what could be achieved in your site and which are most relevant?''

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Green infrastructure has typically multiple functions. What could be achieved for your site in this respect?''

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''100 words approx.''

== Image Gallery ==
''Please add further images/photos here''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:800px-TiananmenGatePic1.jpg|Tiananmen Gate
Image:08newmap-1.jpg|Airial niew
Image:800px-200401-beijing-tianan-square-overview.jpg|Panorama
Image:Bundesarchiv Bild 137-009043, Peking, Blick vom Chienmen auf die Kaiserstadt.jpg|A historic photography
</gallery>

== References ==

*''please add your references here''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

File:Bundesarchiv Bild 137-009043, Peking, Blick vom Chienmen auf die Kaiserstadt.jpg

2014-12-13T15:55:31Z

Majida:

File:800px-200401-beijing-tianan-square-overview.jpg

2014-12-13T15:54:01Z

Majida:

File:08newmap-1.jpg

2014-12-13T15:53:10Z

Majida:

File:800px-TiananmenGatePic1.jpg

2014-12-13T15:52:15Z

Majida:

Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group G - Case Study 1

2014-11-30T11:40:58Z

Majida: /* Landscape and/or urban context of your case */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_G|working group G]]

''''''''Tiananmen Square''''''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' '''Tiananmen Square'''''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' China''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Beijing''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Majid Amani Beni''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Pic61l61rfl.gif|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=39.905408
|lng=116.397632
|zoom=3
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

Tiananmen Square is an outstanding designed landscape in the city Beijing (Capital of China).Its location in the heart of the city, presence of surrounding symbolic eloquent infrastructure, easily access for common and general people, road pattern of surrounding areas and existing landscape features and its Green Infrastructures make Tiananmen Square a famous and prominent urban plaza.
Tiananmen Square is not only the urban plaza but also an example of great aesthetical view in China.

Green Infrastructures in Tiananmen Square consist of flower gardens, trees and water bodies (water bodies can be considered as green Infrastructures). flower gardens include two lots in the Tiananmen Square full of colorful flowers. Trees can be seen in some parts of the squire specially at the side of the Chairman Mao’s Memorial Hall.

There is a water body outside of the square and at the middle point of the square of the Forbidden City. It is also a natural resource which can be classified as the green Infrastructures of the landscape of the Tiananmen Square.

== Author's perspective ==
in previous part it is mentioned that Tiananmen Squire, is a famous place in Beijing. Almost of tourists who travel to china, wish to visit this squire that located in the heart of city Beijing. Also it is an everyday landscape for lots of citizens. As i am new comer student in Beijing and my background is Horticulture (Floriculture) and green space science, when I visited the squire, I asked myself how its possible to put green infrastructures to make a better landscape in this site? Is there any problem with regard to current situation of the squire? How it could be solved?

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

'''Tiananmen Square''' is a large city square in the center of Beijing, China, named after the Tiananmen gate (Gate of Heavenly Peace) located to its North, separating it from the Forbidden City. Tiananmen Square is the fourth largest city square in the world (440,000 m2 – 880×500 m or 109 acres – 960×550 yd). It has great cultural and historical significance as it was the site of several important events in Chinese history.

The squire is generally considered as an urban plaza or urban center. People from regions of china and also from different countries come to visit it for its great architectural, ideological & historical significance.

This famous squire has different landscape elements as below:

'''NATURAL ELEMENTS'''

Natural elements in the Square consists of '''flower gardens''' and '''trees''' that mentioned in first section of this webpage.

'''IDEOLOGICAL ELEMENTS:'''

'''Chairman Mao’s Memorial Hall:'''
Mao Zedong Memorial Hall is the Tomb-site for China's Father of the Nation,
the longtime Chairman & Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, Mao Zedong. The Mausoleum building in itself is a strange mix of 1950's Stalinist architecture and some unclear hints of European and Chinese styles. It was constructed shortly after the death of Mao Zedong in September 1976 AD.
Today Mao Zedong Memorial Hall is one of the Top Attractions to visit on the Square, especially for Chinese citizens.

'''CULTURAL ELEMENTS:'''

'''Monument of Peoples’ Heroes:''' It is Established on April 22, 1958, Monument to People's Heroes lies in the center of the square.
It was built for Celebration of the heroes who died in the Chinese People's War for Liberation and the Chinese People's Revolution.

'''Quianmen Gate:'''
Quianmen (or Zhengyang Men) is one of nine gates that lead to the imperial quarters in the Forbidden City. It is located on the south side of Tiananmen Square.

'''National Museum of China:'''
It is located in the eastern side of Tiananmen Square. The building was one of ten famous architectures built in 1959 to mark the 10th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic.

'''Great Hall of the People:'''
The Great Hall of the People is located at the western edge of the square.
It is a modern structure and interesting for people and especially architects.

'''Tiananmen Gate:'''
The Tiananmen, Tian'anmen or Gate of Heavenly Peace is a famous
monument in Beijing. It is widely used as a national symbol.

'''Lampposts:'''
Lampposts are located in the pavement of Tiananmen Square. These Lampposts represents Chinese culture and history along with their architecture.

''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:800px-NationalMuseumofChinapic1.jpg|National Museum of China on the east side of the Square
Image:800px-Monument people's heroes 2.jpg|Monument to the People's Heroes and the Mausoleum of Mao Zedong
Image:800px-GreatHallofthePeoplepic2.jpg|The Great Hall of the People on the west side of the Square
Image:Tiananmen-square 1363102934.jpg|A drawing of the square
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
''Some problems can be seen in this famous square. The most important problem is the low ratio of green infrastructures and natural elements in the site. It seems that if enough green infrastructure be put in the square, the landscape will be more eye-caching.
Also there are other problems like the lack of sitting place for tourists and bad placement of security cameras. The security cameras is placed exactly under the Lampposts which have cultural and antithetical values. This bad placement makes disturbance in the view for Lampposts).
''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Lack of GI.jpg|Lack of green infrastructures
Image:Low gi ratio.jpg|low green infrastructure ratio
Image:Eyes in the sky.jpg|security cameras under the lampposts
Image:Tiananmen square-jpg.jpeg| no seat place
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''Look again at the multiple benefits of green infrastructure - what could be achieved in your site and which are most relevant?''

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Green infrastructure has typically multiple functions. What could be achieved for your site in this respect?''

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''100 words approx.''

== Image Gallery ==
''Please add further images/photos here''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
</gallery>

== References ==

*''please add your references here''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group G - Case Study 1

2014-11-30T09:36:41Z

Majida: /* Landscape and/or urban context of your case */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_G|working group G]]

''''''''Tiananmen Square''''''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' '''Tiananmen Square'''''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' China''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Beijing''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Majid Amani Beni''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Pic61l61rfl.gif|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=39.905408
|lng=116.397632
|zoom=3
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

Tiananmen Square is an outstanding designed landscape in the city Beijing (Capital of China).Its location in the heart of the city, presence of surrounding symbolic eloquent infrastructure, easily access for common and general people, road pattern of surrounding areas and existing landscape features and its Green Infrastructures make Tiananmen Square a famous and prominent urban plaza.
Tiananmen Square is not only the urban plaza but also an example of great aesthetical view in China.

Green Infrastructures in Tiananmen Square consist of flower gardens, trees and water bodies (water bodies can be considered as green Infrastructures). flower gardens include two lots in the Tiananmen Square full of colorful flowers. Trees can be seen in some parts of the squire specially at the side of the Chairman Mao’s Memorial Hall.

There is a water body outside of the square and at the middle point of the square of the Forbidden City. It is also a natural resource which can be classified as the green Infrastructures of the landscape of the Tiananmen Square.

== Author's perspective ==
in previous part it is mentioned that Tiananmen Squire, is a famous place in Beijing. Almost of tourists who travel to china, wish to visit this squire that located in the heart of city Beijing. Also it is an everyday landscape for lots of citizens. As i am new comer student in Beijing and my background is Horticulture (Floriculture) and green space science, when I visited the squire, I asked myself how its possible to put green infrastructures to make a better landscape in this site? Is there any problem with regard to current situation of the squire? How it could be solved?

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

'''Tiananmen Square''' is a large city square in the center of Beijing, China, named after the Tiananmen gate (Gate of Heavenly Peace) located to its North, separating it from the Forbidden City. Tiananmen Square is the fourth largest city square in the world (440,000 m2 – 880×500 m or 109 acres – 960×550 yd). It has great cultural and historical significance as it was the site of several important events in Chinese history.

The squire is generally considered as an urban plaza or urban center. People from regions of china and also from different countries come to visit it for its great architectural, ideological & historical significance.

This famous squire has different landscape elements as below:

'''NATURAL ELEMENTS'''

Natural elements in the Square consists of '''flower gardens''' and '''trees''' that mentioned in first section of this webpage.

'''IDEOLOGICAL ELEMENTS:'''

'''Chairman Mao’s Memorial Hall:'''
Mao Zedong Memorial Hall is the Tomb-site for China's Father of the Nation,
the longtime Chairman & Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, Mao Zedong. The Mausoleum building in itself is a strange mix of 1950's Stalinist architecture and some unclear hints of European and Chinese styles. It was constructed shortly after the death of Mao Zedong in September 1976 AD.
Today Mao Zedong Memorial Hall is one of the Top Attractions to visit on the Square, especially for Chinese citizens.

'''CULTURAL ELEMENTS:'''

'''Monument of Peoples’ Heroes:''' It is Established on April 22, 1958, Monument to People's Heroes lies in the center of the square.
It was built for Celebration of the heroes who died in the Chinese People's War for Liberation and the Chinese People's Revolution.

'''Quianmen Gate:'''
Quianmen (or Zhengyang Men) is one of nine gates that lead to the imperial quarters in the Forbidden City. It is located on the south side of Tiananmen Square.

'''National Museum of China:'''
It is located in the eastern side of Tiananmen Square. The building was one of ten famous architectures built in 1959 to mark the 10th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic.

'''Great Hall of the People:'''
The Great Hall of the People is located at the western edge of the square.
It is a modern structure and interesting for people and especially architects.

'''Tiananmen Gate:'''
The Tiananmen, Tian'anmen or Gate of Heavenly Peace is a famous
monument in Beijing. It is widely used as a national symbol.

'''Lampposts:'''
Lampposts are located in the pavement of Tiananmen Square. These Lampposts represents Chinese culture and history along with their architecture.

''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:800px-NationalMuseumofChinapic1.jpg|National Museum of China on the east side of the Square
Image:800px-Monument people's heroes 2.jpg|Monument to the People's Heroes and the Mausoleum of Mao Zedong

Image:800px-GreatHallofthePeoplepic2.jpg|The Great Hall of the People on the west side of the Square
Image:Tiananmen-square 1363102934.jpg|A drawing of the square
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
''Some problems can be seen in this famous square. The most important problem is the low ratio of green infrastructures and natural elements in the site. It seems that if enough green infrastructure be put in the square, the landscape will be more eye-caching.
Also there are other problems like the lack of sitting place for tourists and bad placement of security cameras. The security cameras is placed exactly under the Lampposts which have cultural and antithetical values. This bad placement makes disturbance in the view for Lampposts).
''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Lack of GI.jpg|Lack of green infrastructures
Image:Low gi ratio.jpg|low green infrastructure ratio
Image:Eyes in the sky.jpg|security cameras under the lampposts
Image:Tiananmen square-jpg.jpeg| no seat place
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''Look again at the multiple benefits of green infrastructure - what could be achieved in your site and which are most relevant?''

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Green infrastructure has typically multiple functions. What could be achieved for your site in this respect?''

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''100 words approx.''

== Image Gallery ==
''Please add further images/photos here''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
</gallery>

== References ==

*''please add your references here''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

File:Tiananmen-square 1363102934.jpg

2014-11-30T09:35:38Z

Majida:

Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group G - Case Study 1

2014-11-30T09:31:32Z

Majida: /* Landscape and/or urban context of your case */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_G|working group G]]

''''''''Tiananmen Square''''''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' '''Tiananmen Square'''''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' China''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Beijing''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Majid Amani Beni''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Pic61l61rfl.gif|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=39.905408
|lng=116.397632
|zoom=3
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

Tiananmen Square is an outstanding designed landscape in the city Beijing (Capital of China).Its location in the heart of the city, presence of surrounding symbolic eloquent infrastructure, easily access for common and general people, road pattern of surrounding areas and existing landscape features and its Green Infrastructures make Tiananmen Square a famous and prominent urban plaza.
Tiananmen Square is not only the urban plaza but also an example of great aesthetical view in China.

Green Infrastructures in Tiananmen Square consist of flower gardens, trees and water bodies (water bodies can be considered as green Infrastructures). flower gardens include two lots in the Tiananmen Square full of colorful flowers. Trees can be seen in some parts of the squire specially at the side of the Chairman Mao’s Memorial Hall.

There is a water body outside of the square and at the middle point of the square of the Forbidden City. It is also a natural resource which can be classified as the green Infrastructures of the landscape of the Tiananmen Square.

== Author's perspective ==
in previous part it is mentioned that Tiananmen Squire, is a famous place in Beijing. Almost of tourists who travel to china, wish to visit this squire that located in the heart of city Beijing. Also it is an everyday landscape for lots of citizens. As i am new comer student in Beijing and my background is Horticulture (Floriculture) and green space science, when I visited the squire, I asked myself how its possible to put green infrastructures to make a better landscape in this site? Is there any problem with regard to current situation of the squire? How it could be solved?

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

'''Tiananmen Square''' is a large city square in the center of Beijing, China, named after the Tiananmen gate (Gate of Heavenly Peace) located to its North, separating it from the Forbidden City. Tiananmen Square is the fourth largest city square in the world (440,000 m2 – 880×500 m or 109 acres – 960×550 yd). It has great cultural and historical significance as it was the site of several important events in Chinese history.

The squire is generally considered as an urban plaza or urban center. People from regions of china and also from different countries come to visit it for its great architectural, ideological & historical significance.

This famous squire has different landscape elements as below:

'''NATURAL ELEMENTS'''

Natural elements in the Square consists of '''flower gardens''' and '''trees''' that mentioned in first section of this webpage.

'''IDEOLOGICAL ELEMENTS:'''

'''Chairman Mao’s Memorial Hall:'''
Mao Zedong Memorial Hall is the Tomb-site for China's Father of the Nation,
the longtime Chairman & Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, Mao Zedong. The Mausoleum building in itself is a strange mix of 1950's Stalinist architecture and some unclear hints of European and Chinese styles. It was constructed shortly after the death of Mao Zedong in September 1976 AD.
Today Mao Zedong Memorial Hall is one of the Top Attractions to visit on the Square, especially for Chinese citizens.

'''CULTURAL ELEMENTS:'''

'''Monument of Peoples’ Heroes:''' It is Established on April 22, 1958, Monument to People's Heroes lies in the center of the square.
It was built for Celebration of the heroes who died in the Chinese People's War for Liberation and the Chinese People's Revolution.

'''Quianmen Gate:'''
Quianmen (or Zhengyang Men) is one of nine gates that lead to the imperial quarters in the Forbidden City. It is located on the south side of Tiananmen Square.

'''National Museum of China:'''
It is located in the eastern side of Tiananmen Square. The building was one of ten famous architectures built in 1959 to mark the 10th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic.

'''Great Hall of the People:'''
The Great Hall of the People is located at the western edge of the square.
It is a modern structure and interesting for people and especially architects.

'''Tiananmen Gate:'''
The Tiananmen, Tian'anmen or Gate of Heavenly Peace is a famous
monument in Beijing. It is widely used as a national symbol.

'''Lampposts:'''
Lampposts are located in the pavement of Tiananmen Square. These Lampposts represents Chinese culture and history along with their architecture.

''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:800px-NationalMuseumofChinapic1.jpg|National Museum of China on the east side of the Square
Image:800px-Monument people's heroes 2.jpg|Monument to the People's Heroes and the Mausoleum of Mao Zedong

Image:800px-GreatHallofthePeoplepic2.jpg|The Great Hall of the People on the west side of the Square
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
''Some problems can be seen in this famous square. The most important problem is the low ratio of green infrastructures and natural elements in the site. It seems that if enough green infrastructure be put in the square, the landscape will be more eye-caching.
Also there are other problems like the lack of sitting place for tourists and bad placement of security cameras. The security cameras is placed exactly under the Lampposts which have cultural and antithetical values. This bad placement makes disturbance in the view for Lampposts).
''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Lack of GI.jpg|Lack of green infrastructures
Image:Low gi ratio.jpg|low green infrastructure ratio
Image:Eyes in the sky.jpg|security cameras under the lampposts
Image:Tiananmen square-jpg.jpeg| no seat place
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''Look again at the multiple benefits of green infrastructure - what could be achieved in your site and which are most relevant?''

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Green infrastructure has typically multiple functions. What could be achieved for your site in this respect?''

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''100 words approx.''

== Image Gallery ==
''Please add further images/photos here''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
</gallery>

== References ==

*''please add your references here''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

File:800px-GreatHallofthePeoplepic2.jpg

2014-11-30T09:31:00Z

Majida:

File:800px-Monument people's heroes 2.jpg

2014-11-30T09:29:12Z

Majida:

Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group G - Case Study 1

2014-11-30T09:24:43Z

Majida: /* Landscape and/or urban context of your case */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_G|working group G]]

''''''''Tiananmen Square''''''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' '''Tiananmen Square'''''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' China''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Beijing''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Majid Amani Beni''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Pic61l61rfl.gif|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=39.905408
|lng=116.397632
|zoom=3
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

Tiananmen Square is an outstanding designed landscape in the city Beijing (Capital of China).Its location in the heart of the city, presence of surrounding symbolic eloquent infrastructure, easily access for common and general people, road pattern of surrounding areas and existing landscape features and its Green Infrastructures make Tiananmen Square a famous and prominent urban plaza.
Tiananmen Square is not only the urban plaza but also an example of great aesthetical view in China.

Green Infrastructures in Tiananmen Square consist of flower gardens, trees and water bodies (water bodies can be considered as green Infrastructures). flower gardens include two lots in the Tiananmen Square full of colorful flowers. Trees can be seen in some parts of the squire specially at the side of the Chairman Mao’s Memorial Hall.

There is a water body outside of the square and at the middle point of the square of the Forbidden City. It is also a natural resource which can be classified as the green Infrastructures of the landscape of the Tiananmen Square.

== Author's perspective ==
in previous part it is mentioned that Tiananmen Squire, is a famous place in Beijing. Almost of tourists who travel to china, wish to visit this squire that located in the heart of city Beijing. Also it is an everyday landscape for lots of citizens. As i am new comer student in Beijing and my background is Horticulture (Floriculture) and green space science, when I visited the squire, I asked myself how its possible to put green infrastructures to make a better landscape in this site? Is there any problem with regard to current situation of the squire? How it could be solved?

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

'''Tiananmen Square''' is a large city square in the center of Beijing, China, named after the Tiananmen gate (Gate of Heavenly Peace) located to its North, separating it from the Forbidden City. Tiananmen Square is the fourth largest city square in the world (440,000 m2 – 880×500 m or 109 acres – 960×550 yd). It has great cultural and historical significance as it was the site of several important events in Chinese history.

The squire is generally considered as an urban plaza or urban center. People from regions of china and also from different countries come to visit it for its great architectural, ideological & historical significance.

This famous squire has different landscape elements as below:

'''NATURAL ELEMENTS'''

Natural elements in the Square consists of '''flower gardens''' and '''trees''' that mentioned in first section of this webpage.

'''IDEOLOGICAL ELEMENTS:'''

'''Chairman Mao’s Memorial Hall:'''
Mao Zedong Memorial Hall is the Tomb-site for China's Father of the Nation,
the longtime Chairman & Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, Mao Zedong. The Mausoleum building in itself is a strange mix of 1950's Stalinist architecture and some unclear hints of European and Chinese styles. It was constructed shortly after the death of Mao Zedong in September 1976 AD.
Today Mao Zedong Memorial Hall is one of the Top Attractions to visit on the Square, especially for Chinese citizens.

'''CULTURAL ELEMENTS:'''

'''Monument of Peoples’ Heroes:''' It is Established on April 22, 1958, Monument to People's Heroes lies in the center of the square.
It was built for Celebration of the heroes who died in the Chinese People's War for Liberation and the Chinese People's Revolution.

'''Quianmen Gate:'''
Quianmen (or Zhengyang Men) is one of nine gates that lead to the imperial quarters in the Forbidden City. It is located on the south side of Tiananmen Square.

'''National Museum of China:'''
It is located in the eastern side of Tiananmen Square. The building was one of ten famous architectures built in 1959 to mark the 10th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic.

'''Great Hall of the People:'''
The Great Hall of the People is located at the western edge of the square.
It is a modern structure and interesting for people and especially architects.

'''Tiananmen Gate:'''
The Tiananmen, Tian'anmen or Gate of Heavenly Peace is a famous
monument in Beijing. It is widely used as a national symbol.

'''Lampposts:'''
Lampposts are located in the pavement of Tiananmen Square. These Lampposts represents Chinese culture and history along with their architecture.

''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:800px-NationalMuseumofChinapic1.jpg|National Museum of China on the east side of the Square
Image:yourimage.jpg|your visual

Image:yourimage.jpg|your visual
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
''Some problems can be seen in this famous square. The most important problem is the low ratio of green infrastructures and natural elements in the site. It seems that if enough green infrastructure be put in the square, the landscape will be more eye-caching.
Also there are other problems like the lack of sitting place for tourists and bad placement of security cameras. The security cameras is placed exactly under the Lampposts which have cultural and antithetical values. This bad placement makes disturbance in the view for Lampposts).
''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Lack of GI.jpg|Lack of green infrastructures
Image:Low gi ratio.jpg|low green infrastructure ratio
Image:Eyes in the sky.jpg|security cameras under the lampposts
Image:Tiananmen square-jpg.jpeg| no seat place
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''Look again at the multiple benefits of green infrastructure - what could be achieved in your site and which are most relevant?''

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Green infrastructure has typically multiple functions. What could be achieved for your site in this respect?''

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''100 words approx.''

== Image Gallery ==
''Please add further images/photos here''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
</gallery>

== References ==

*''please add your references here''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

File:800px-NationalMuseumofChinapic1.jpg

2014-11-30T09:24:07Z

Majida:

Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group G - Case Study 1

2014-11-28T16:03:30Z

Majida: /* Analytical drawings */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_G|working group G]]

''''''''Tiananmen Square''''''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' '''Tiananmen Square'''''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' China''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Beijing''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Majid Amani Beni''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Pic61l61rfl.gif|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=39.905408
|lng=116.397632
|zoom=3
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

Tiananmen Square is an outstanding designed landscape in the city Beijing (Capital of China).Its location in the heart of the city, presence of surrounding symbolic eloquent infrastructure, easily access for common and general people, road pattern of surrounding areas and existing landscape features and its Green Infrastructures make Tiananmen Square a famous and prominent urban plaza.
Tiananmen Square is not only the urban plaza but also an example of great aesthetical view in China.

Green Infrastructures in Tiananmen Square consist of flower gardens, trees and water bodies (water bodies can be considered as green Infrastructures). flower gardens include two lots in the Tiananmen Square full of colorful flowers. Trees can be seen in some parts of the squire specially at the side of the Chairman Mao’s Memorial Hall.

There is a water body outside of the square and at the middle point of the square of the Forbidden City. It is also a natural resource which can be classified as the green Infrastructures of the landscape of the Tiananmen Square.

== Author's perspective ==
in previous part it is mentioned that Tiananmen Squire, is a famous place in Beijing. Almost of tourists who travel to china, wish to visit this squire that located in the heart of city Beijing. Also it is an everyday landscape for lots of citizens. As i am new comer student in Beijing and my background is Horticulture (Floriculture) and green space science, when I visited the squire, I asked myself how its possible to put green infrastructures to make a better landscape in this site? Is there any problem with regard to current situation of the squire? How it could be solved?

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

'''Tiananmen Square''' is a large city square in the center of Beijing, China, named after the Tiananmen gate (Gate of Heavenly Peace) located to its North, separating it from the Forbidden City. Tiananmen Square is the fourth largest city square in the world (440,000 m2 – 880×500 m or 109 acres – 960×550 yd). It has great cultural and historical significance as it was the site of several important events in Chinese history.

The squire is generally considered as an urban plaza or urban center. People from regions of china and also from different countries come to visit it for its great architectural, ideological & historical significance.

This famous squire has different landscape elements as below:

'''NATURAL ELEMENTS'''

Natural elements in the Square consists of '''flower gardens''' and '''trees''' that mentioned in first section of this webpage.

'''IDEOLOGICAL ELEMENTS:'''

'''Chairman Mao’s Memorial Hall:'''
Mao Zedong Memorial Hall is the Tomb-site for China's Father of the Nation,
the longtime Chairman & Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, Mao Zedong. The Mausoleum building in itself is a strange mix of 1950's Stalinist architecture and some unclear hints of European and Chinese styles. It was constructed shortly after the death of Mao Zedong in September 1976 AD.
Today Mao Zedong Memorial Hall is one of the Top Attractions to visit on the Square, especially for Chinese citizens.

'''CULTURAL ELEMENTS:'''

'''Monument of Peoples’ Heroes:''' It is Established on April 22, 1958, Monument to People's Heroes lies in the center of the square.
It was built for Celebration of the heroes who died in the Chinese People's War for Liberation and the Chinese People's Revolution.

'''Quianmen Gate:'''
Quianmen (or Zhengyang Men) is one of nine gates that lead to the imperial quarters in the Forbidden City. It is located on the south side of Tiananmen Square.

'''National Museum of China:'''
It is located in the eastern side of Tiananmen Square. The building was one of ten famous architectures built in 1959 to mark the 10th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic.

'''Great Hall of the People:'''
The Great Hall of the People is located at the western edge of the square.
It is a modern structure and interesting for people and especially architects.

'''Tiananmen Gate:'''
The Tiananmen, Tian'anmen or Gate of Heavenly Peace is a famous
monument in Beijing. It is widely used as a national symbol.

'''Lampposts:'''
Lampposts are located in the pavement of Tiananmen Square. These Lampposts represents Chinese culture and history along with their architecture.

''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:yourimage.jpg|your visual
Image:yourimage.jpg|your visual

Image:yourimage.jpg|your visual
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
''Some problems can be seen in this famous square. The most important problem is the low ratio of green infrastructures and natural elements in the site. It seems that if enough green infrastructure be put in the square, the landscape will be more eye-caching.
Also there are other problems like the lack of sitting place for tourists and bad placement of security cameras. The security cameras is placed exactly under the Lampposts which have cultural and antithetical values. This bad placement makes disturbance in the view for Lampposts).
''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Lack of GI.jpg|Lack of green infrastructures
Image:Low gi ratio.jpg|low green infrastructure ratio
Image:Eyes in the sky.jpg|security cameras under the lampposts
Image:Tiananmen square-jpg.jpeg| no seat place
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''Look again at the multiple benefits of green infrastructure - what could be achieved in your site and which are most relevant?''

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Green infrastructure has typically multiple functions. What could be achieved for your site in this respect?''

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''100 words approx.''

== Image Gallery ==
''Please add further images/photos here''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
</gallery>

== References ==

*''please add your references here''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group G - Case Study 1

2014-11-28T15:57:15Z

Majida: /* Analytical drawings */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_G|working group G]]

''''''''Tiananmen Square''''''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' '''Tiananmen Square'''''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' China''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Beijing''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Majid Amani Beni''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Pic61l61rfl.gif|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=39.905408
|lng=116.397632
|zoom=3
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

Tiananmen Square is an outstanding designed landscape in the city Beijing (Capital of China).Its location in the heart of the city, presence of surrounding symbolic eloquent infrastructure, easily access for common and general people, road pattern of surrounding areas and existing landscape features and its Green Infrastructures make Tiananmen Square a famous and prominent urban plaza.
Tiananmen Square is not only the urban plaza but also an example of great aesthetical view in China.

Green Infrastructures in Tiananmen Square consist of flower gardens, trees and water bodies (water bodies can be considered as green Infrastructures). flower gardens include two lots in the Tiananmen Square full of colorful flowers. Trees can be seen in some parts of the squire specially at the side of the Chairman Mao’s Memorial Hall.

There is a water body outside of the square and at the middle point of the square of the Forbidden City. It is also a natural resource which can be classified as the green Infrastructures of the landscape of the Tiananmen Square.

== Author's perspective ==
in previous part it is mentioned that Tiananmen Squire, is a famous place in Beijing. Almost of tourists who travel to china, wish to visit this squire that located in the heart of city Beijing. Also it is an everyday landscape for lots of citizens. As i am new comer student in Beijing and my background is Horticulture (Floriculture) and green space science, when I visited the squire, I asked myself how its possible to put green infrastructures to make a better landscape in this site? Is there any problem with regard to current situation of the squire? How it could be solved?

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

'''Tiananmen Square''' is a large city square in the center of Beijing, China, named after the Tiananmen gate (Gate of Heavenly Peace) located to its North, separating it from the Forbidden City. Tiananmen Square is the fourth largest city square in the world (440,000 m2 – 880×500 m or 109 acres – 960×550 yd). It has great cultural and historical significance as it was the site of several important events in Chinese history.

The squire is generally considered as an urban plaza or urban center. People from regions of china and also from different countries come to visit it for its great architectural, ideological & historical significance.

This famous squire has different landscape elements as below:

'''NATURAL ELEMENTS'''

Natural elements in the Square consists of '''flower gardens''' and '''trees''' that mentioned in first section of this webpage.

'''IDEOLOGICAL ELEMENTS:'''

'''Chairman Mao’s Memorial Hall:'''
Mao Zedong Memorial Hall is the Tomb-site for China's Father of the Nation,
the longtime Chairman & Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, Mao Zedong. The Mausoleum building in itself is a strange mix of 1950's Stalinist architecture and some unclear hints of European and Chinese styles. It was constructed shortly after the death of Mao Zedong in September 1976 AD.
Today Mao Zedong Memorial Hall is one of the Top Attractions to visit on the Square, especially for Chinese citizens.

'''CULTURAL ELEMENTS:'''

'''Monument of Peoples’ Heroes:''' It is Established on April 22, 1958, Monument to People's Heroes lies in the center of the square.
It was built for Celebration of the heroes who died in the Chinese People's War for Liberation and the Chinese People's Revolution.

'''Quianmen Gate:'''
Quianmen (or Zhengyang Men) is one of nine gates that lead to the imperial quarters in the Forbidden City. It is located on the south side of Tiananmen Square.

'''National Museum of China:'''
It is located in the eastern side of Tiananmen Square. The building was one of ten famous architectures built in 1959 to mark the 10th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic.

'''Great Hall of the People:'''
The Great Hall of the People is located at the western edge of the square.
It is a modern structure and interesting for people and especially architects.

'''Tiananmen Gate:'''
The Tiananmen, Tian'anmen or Gate of Heavenly Peace is a famous
monument in Beijing. It is widely used as a national symbol.

'''Lampposts:'''
Lampposts are located in the pavement of Tiananmen Square. These Lampposts represents Chinese culture and history along with their architecture.

''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:yourimage.jpg|your visual
Image:yourimage.jpg|your visual

Image:yourimage.jpg|your visual
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
''Tiananmen square is a wonderful site and rich of different cultural, historical,... elements. However some problems can be seen in this famous square. The most important problem is the low ratio of green infrastructures and natural elements in the site. It seems that if enough green infrastructure be put in the square, the landscape will be more eye-caching.
Also there are other problems like the lack of sitting place for tourists and bad placement of security cameras. The security cameras is placed exactly under the Lampposts which have cultural and antithetical values. This bad placement makes disturbance in the view for Lampposts).
''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Lack of GI.jpg|Lack of green infrastructures
Image:Low gi ratio.jpg|low green infrastructure ratio
Image:Eyes in the sky.jpg|security cameras under the lampposts
Image:Tiananmen square-jpg.jpeg| no seat place
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''Look again at the multiple benefits of green infrastructure - what could be achieved in your site and which are most relevant?''

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Green infrastructure has typically multiple functions. What could be achieved for your site in this respect?''

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''100 words approx.''

== Image Gallery ==
''Please add further images/photos here''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
</gallery>

== References ==

*''please add your references here''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

File:Low gi ratio.jpg

2014-11-28T15:55:46Z

Majida:

Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group G - Case Study 1

2014-11-28T15:49:37Z

Majida: /* Analytical drawings */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_G|working group G]]

''''''''Tiananmen Square''''''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' '''Tiananmen Square'''''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' China''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Beijing''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Majid Amani Beni''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Pic61l61rfl.gif|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=39.905408
|lng=116.397632
|zoom=3
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

Tiananmen Square is an outstanding designed landscape in the city Beijing (Capital of China).Its location in the heart of the city, presence of surrounding symbolic eloquent infrastructure, easily access for common and general people, road pattern of surrounding areas and existing landscape features and its Green Infrastructures make Tiananmen Square a famous and prominent urban plaza.
Tiananmen Square is not only the urban plaza but also an example of great aesthetical view in China.

Green Infrastructures in Tiananmen Square consist of flower gardens, trees and water bodies (water bodies can be considered as green Infrastructures). flower gardens include two lots in the Tiananmen Square full of colorful flowers. Trees can be seen in some parts of the squire specially at the side of the Chairman Mao’s Memorial Hall.

There is a water body outside of the square and at the middle point of the square of the Forbidden City. It is also a natural resource which can be classified as the green Infrastructures of the landscape of the Tiananmen Square.

== Author's perspective ==
in previous part it is mentioned that Tiananmen Squire, is a famous place in Beijing. Almost of tourists who travel to china, wish to visit this squire that located in the heart of city Beijing. Also it is an everyday landscape for lots of citizens. As i am new comer student in Beijing and my background is Horticulture (Floriculture) and green space science, when I visited the squire, I asked myself how its possible to put green infrastructures to make a better landscape in this site? Is there any problem with regard to current situation of the squire? How it could be solved?

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

'''Tiananmen Square''' is a large city square in the center of Beijing, China, named after the Tiananmen gate (Gate of Heavenly Peace) located to its North, separating it from the Forbidden City. Tiananmen Square is the fourth largest city square in the world (440,000 m2 – 880×500 m or 109 acres – 960×550 yd). It has great cultural and historical significance as it was the site of several important events in Chinese history.

The squire is generally considered as an urban plaza or urban center. People from regions of china and also from different countries come to visit it for its great architectural, ideological & historical significance.

This famous squire has different landscape elements as below:

'''NATURAL ELEMENTS'''

Natural elements in the Square consists of '''flower gardens''' and '''trees''' that mentioned in first section of this webpage.

'''IDEOLOGICAL ELEMENTS:'''

'''Chairman Mao’s Memorial Hall:'''
Mao Zedong Memorial Hall is the Tomb-site for China's Father of the Nation,
the longtime Chairman & Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, Mao Zedong. The Mausoleum building in itself is a strange mix of 1950's Stalinist architecture and some unclear hints of European and Chinese styles. It was constructed shortly after the death of Mao Zedong in September 1976 AD.
Today Mao Zedong Memorial Hall is one of the Top Attractions to visit on the Square, especially for Chinese citizens.

'''CULTURAL ELEMENTS:'''

'''Monument of Peoples’ Heroes:''' It is Established on April 22, 1958, Monument to People's Heroes lies in the center of the square.
It was built for Celebration of the heroes who died in the Chinese People's War for Liberation and the Chinese People's Revolution.

'''Quianmen Gate:'''
Quianmen (or Zhengyang Men) is one of nine gates that lead to the imperial quarters in the Forbidden City. It is located on the south side of Tiananmen Square.

'''National Museum of China:'''
It is located in the eastern side of Tiananmen Square. The building was one of ten famous architectures built in 1959 to mark the 10th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic.

'''Great Hall of the People:'''
The Great Hall of the People is located at the western edge of the square.
It is a modern structure and interesting for people and especially architects.

'''Tiananmen Gate:'''
The Tiananmen, Tian'anmen or Gate of Heavenly Peace is a famous
monument in Beijing. It is widely used as a national symbol.

'''Lampposts:'''
Lampposts are located in the pavement of Tiananmen Square. These Lampposts represents Chinese culture and history along with their architecture.

''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:yourimage.jpg|your visual
Image:yourimage.jpg|your visual

Image:yourimage.jpg|your visual
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
''Tiananmen square is a wonderful site and rich of different cultural, historical,... elements. However some problems can be seen in this famous square. The most important problem is the low ratio of green infrastructures and natural elements in the site. It seems that if enough green infrastructure be put in the square, the landscape will be more eye-caching.
Also there are other problems like the lack of sitting place for tourists and bad placement of security cameras. The security cameras is placed exactly under the Lampposts which have cultural and antithetical values. This bad placement makes disturbance in the view for Lampposts).
''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Lack of GI.jpg|Lack of green infrastructures
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:Eyes in the sky.jpg|security cameras under the lampposts
Image:Tiananmen square-jpg.jpeg| no seat place
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''Look again at the multiple benefits of green infrastructure - what could be achieved in your site and which are most relevant?''

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Green infrastructure has typically multiple functions. What could be achieved for your site in this respect?''

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''100 words approx.''

== Image Gallery ==
''Please add further images/photos here''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
</gallery>

== References ==

*''please add your references here''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

File:Tiananmen square-jpg.jpeg

2014-11-28T15:47:25Z

Majida:

Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group G - Case Study 1

2014-11-28T15:38:08Z

Majida: /* Analytical drawings */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_G|working group G]]

''''''''Tiananmen Square''''''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' '''Tiananmen Square'''''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' China''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Beijing''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Majid Amani Beni''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Pic61l61rfl.gif|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=39.905408
|lng=116.397632
|zoom=3
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

Tiananmen Square is an outstanding designed landscape in the city Beijing (Capital of China).Its location in the heart of the city, presence of surrounding symbolic eloquent infrastructure, easily access for common and general people, road pattern of surrounding areas and existing landscape features and its Green Infrastructures make Tiananmen Square a famous and prominent urban plaza.
Tiananmen Square is not only the urban plaza but also an example of great aesthetical view in China.

Green Infrastructures in Tiananmen Square consist of flower gardens, trees and water bodies (water bodies can be considered as green Infrastructures). flower gardens include two lots in the Tiananmen Square full of colorful flowers. Trees can be seen in some parts of the squire specially at the side of the Chairman Mao’s Memorial Hall.

There is a water body outside of the square and at the middle point of the square of the Forbidden City. It is also a natural resource which can be classified as the green Infrastructures of the landscape of the Tiananmen Square.

== Author's perspective ==
in previous part it is mentioned that Tiananmen Squire, is a famous place in Beijing. Almost of tourists who travel to china, wish to visit this squire that located in the heart of city Beijing. Also it is an everyday landscape for lots of citizens. As i am new comer student in Beijing and my background is Horticulture (Floriculture) and green space science, when I visited the squire, I asked myself how its possible to put green infrastructures to make a better landscape in this site? Is there any problem with regard to current situation of the squire? How it could be solved?

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

'''Tiananmen Square''' is a large city square in the center of Beijing, China, named after the Tiananmen gate (Gate of Heavenly Peace) located to its North, separating it from the Forbidden City. Tiananmen Square is the fourth largest city square in the world (440,000 m2 – 880×500 m or 109 acres – 960×550 yd). It has great cultural and historical significance as it was the site of several important events in Chinese history.

The squire is generally considered as an urban plaza or urban center. People from regions of china and also from different countries come to visit it for its great architectural, ideological & historical significance.

This famous squire has different landscape elements as below:

'''NATURAL ELEMENTS'''

Natural elements in the Square consists of '''flower gardens''' and '''trees''' that mentioned in first section of this webpage.

'''IDEOLOGICAL ELEMENTS:'''

'''Chairman Mao’s Memorial Hall:'''
Mao Zedong Memorial Hall is the Tomb-site for China's Father of the Nation,
the longtime Chairman & Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, Mao Zedong. The Mausoleum building in itself is a strange mix of 1950's Stalinist architecture and some unclear hints of European and Chinese styles. It was constructed shortly after the death of Mao Zedong in September 1976 AD.
Today Mao Zedong Memorial Hall is one of the Top Attractions to visit on the Square, especially for Chinese citizens.

'''CULTURAL ELEMENTS:'''

'''Monument of Peoples’ Heroes:''' It is Established on April 22, 1958, Monument to People's Heroes lies in the center of the square.
It was built for Celebration of the heroes who died in the Chinese People's War for Liberation and the Chinese People's Revolution.

'''Quianmen Gate:'''
Quianmen (or Zhengyang Men) is one of nine gates that lead to the imperial quarters in the Forbidden City. It is located on the south side of Tiananmen Square.

'''National Museum of China:'''
It is located in the eastern side of Tiananmen Square. The building was one of ten famous architectures built in 1959 to mark the 10th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic.

'''Great Hall of the People:'''
The Great Hall of the People is located at the western edge of the square.
It is a modern structure and interesting for people and especially architects.

'''Tiananmen Gate:'''
The Tiananmen, Tian'anmen or Gate of Heavenly Peace is a famous
monument in Beijing. It is widely used as a national symbol.

'''Lampposts:'''
Lampposts are located in the pavement of Tiananmen Square. These Lampposts represents Chinese culture and history along with their architecture.

''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:yourimage.jpg|your visual
Image:yourimage.jpg|your visual

Image:yourimage.jpg|your visual
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
''Tiananmen square is a wonderful site and rich of different cultural, historical,... elements. However some problems can be seen in this famous square. The most important problem is the low ratio of green infrastructures and natural elements in the site. It seems that if enough green infrastructure be put in the square, the landscape will be more eye-caching.
Also there are other problems like the lack of sitting place for tourists and bad placement of security cameras. The security cameras is placed exactly under the Lampposts which have cultural and antithetical values. This bad placement makes disturbance in the view for Lampposts).
''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Lack of GI.jpg|Lack of green infrastructures
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:Eyes in the sky.jpg|security cameras under the lampposts
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''Look again at the multiple benefits of green infrastructure - what could be achieved in your site and which are most relevant?''

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Green infrastructure has typically multiple functions. What could be achieved for your site in this respect?''

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''100 words approx.''

== Image Gallery ==
''Please add further images/photos here''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
</gallery>

== References ==

*''please add your references here''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

File:Lack of GI.jpg

2014-11-28T15:35:42Z

Majida:

File:Eyes in the sky.jpg

2014-11-28T15:28:40Z

Majida: