Wikienfk5 - User contributions [en]

Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group A

2015-01-23T17:51:22Z

Lilikji: /* Analytical drawings */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_A|working group A]]

'''''Kurt Bärbig Hall'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Kurt Bärbig Hall''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Germany''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Dresden''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Radu Mircea Giurgiu''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:WP 20141114 030.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=51.039058
|lng=13.708018
|zoom=14
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''
*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

=== Dresden ===
(German pronunciation: [ˈdʁeːsdən]; Upper Sorbian: Drježdźany) is the capital city[2] of the Free State of Saxony in Germany. It is situated in a valley on the River Elbe, near the Czech border. The Dresden conurbation is part of the Saxon Triangle metropolitan area with 2.4 million inhabitants.[3]

Dresden has a long history as the capital and royal residence for the Electors and Kings of Saxony, who for centuries furnished the city with cultural and artistic splendor. The city was known as the Jewel Box, because of its baroque and rococo city center. The controversial British and American bombing of Dresden in World War II towards the end of the war killed approximately 25,000, many of whom were civilians, and destroyed the entire city center. The bombing gutted the city, as it did for other major German cities. After the war restoration work has helped to reconstruct parts of the historic inner city, including the Katholische Hofkirche, the Semper Oper and the Dresdner Frauenkirche as well as the suburbs.

Before and since German reunification in 1990, Dresden was and is a cultural, educational, political and economic center of Germany and Europe. The Dresden University of Technology is one of the 10 largest universities in Germany and part of the German Universities Excellence Initiative.' (Wikipedia

'''Dresden is one of the greenest cities in all of Europe, with 63% of the city being green areas and forests''' (Wikipedia)

Having this reputation the contrast of the small industrial area in the west part of the city strikes one as a strong contrast and give a sence of alteration in the urban canvas of the capital of Saxony.

=== Site Location ===

*Architect: ''Kurt Bärbig''
*Great Garage: ''Karl Schmidt''
*Construction period: ''1927-1930''
*Vacancy: ''since 1991''
*Address: ''Fabrikstraße 13 01159 Dresden''
''51.039080, 13.707983''

''"The production buildings connected by a tunnel with a depot on the opposite side of the street has been designed as the first part of a not completed because of the world economic crisis the complex production of food (bakery, brewery, and distillery). The building consists of two six-story, one another at an obtuse angle vanes arranged and an eight-story tower. The equipped with loading ramps, convex Hofseiten are straight and the concave road adaptive front opposite. the framed by cornice window bands are street side led around by a five-story staircase, the street front on the formed by the two wing apex also extended. The system is designed according to principles Objectivity in disguise with red brick steel frame. It was changed after war damage and gutted in 1995."''
(G. Lupfer ''et.al.'' 1997)

=== Material: Red Brick ===

Sandstone, stone, plaster are known as typical facade materials in Saxony. Brick, brick, clinker is associated with North Germany, Hanseatic cities such as Lübeck and Hamburg. In the Saxon cities of Dresden, Leipzig and Chemnitz but there are several notable buildings, ensembles and settlements in the early decades of the 20th century, which are influenced by the material of clinker with its various ochers, reds, browns - a building material that can be considered more sustainable chances. (''Ehem. Fleischverarbeitungsbetrieb der Konsumgenossenschaft "Vorwärts" Gelungene Symbiose von Schönheit und Zweckdienlichkeit'' )

"As a result of an architectural competition to build a new meat factory in Dresden was built Löbtau. As part Nahmer the Bauhaus director Walter Gropius and the successful Dresdner Office Schilling and Gräbner also had lined up. (...)
Due to the consistency with which Bärbig designed by the great shape of the factory, he clearly approaches the ideals of dynamic architecture, whose protagonists in these years, Erich Mendelsohn belonged. Bärbig decreases with basic elements of dynamic functionalism terms of Mendelsohn's Schocken department store in Stuttgart.
The largely remained unknown architect is thus the author of a typical twenties and in the Saxon metropolis unusually consistent factory building. "(H.C. Schink and T. Richter. 1997).

=== Kurt Bärbig 1889 - 1968 ===

In 1923 he was appointed as the sole architect of Dresden in the German Academy for Urban. Bärbigs progressive, characterized by social aspects of urban and landscape design pays homage to the spirit of the times of objectivity, material relatedness and an effort to "Created time". Born in Dresden in 1889 architect who immigrated to Brazil in 1934 and came to the ruined city of the communist zone of Germany after 1945 back. In 1952, he was Head of freelance architects in the competition for the redesign of Dresden. In addition to Schneider and Rascher himself had e.g. Bärbig also involved in the competition for the new Market Square, but was eliminated at the first attempt.

=== Threatening problems===

''Flood:'' "Widespread across Saxony, the extreme flood of August 2002 led to massive damages, which could not be fully remedied to date. Besides reconstruction, numerous measures have been taken to provide for protection from future floods. Nevertheless, absolute security will never be guaranteed. Taking action responsibly in the regions at risk is an important key component of flood prevention." (''Flood Trail Elbe in the Region of Dresden'')

''Food Security:'' The floods or other climatic events can result in poor crop yields and threaten the food security of the city.

'' Lack of Green in Industrial Area:'' Although projects of GI techniques are planned on a long term, the industrial area is still dominated by big buildings, lack of green space, and an uninviting environment for the community and visitors

''History and Culture:'' The Food Production factory failed due to the World Economic Crisis from 1920, but the fact that is not now active with any function, may lead to losing the cultural heritage that the Architect Kurt Bärbig left behind.

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:WP 20141114 013.jpg| InfoPoster at the entrance in the Building
Image:99085585.jpg|Photo of the curved facade of the Building
Image:Plan-zu-massnahmen-und-proj.jpeg|Weißeritz Green Corridor Plan (''Flood protection in connection with urban renewal Dresden „Weißeritz urban development concept“'')
Image:WP 20141114 007.jpg|Perspectives towards the Factory in the industrial park
Image:WP 20141114 030.jpg|Perspectives towards the Factory from the City Park Powder Mill
Image:WP 20141114 008.jpg|Close up Kurt Bärbig Hall
Image:Traseu.jpg|
</gallery>

== What are the overall objectives of your design? What are the specific objectives for enhancing green infrastructure? ==

''Please give a short written argumentation (not more than 150 words). It is ok if you have different or even contradicting objectives within your group. Just make it explicit at the beginning of your process ''

The main objective of this project is to reactivate the abandoned factory that is an important architectural heritage of the city's architect from the 1920s, ''Kurt Bärbig''. The means of doing that are harnessing the high potential of being a landmark, giving functions of food production, education and pylon in Green Infrastructure strategy. The factory should be linked with important sites of the city and should bring more green in the grey industrial area. An important strategy for the developing of the factory is using the resources in a smart way through integrating GI technologies. We want to find ways of using all available resources(river, active factories) in a smart way, and integrating the project in the site context.

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing.''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Urban.jpg|Urban context, iconic places in the city and dynamic of public space use(R)
Image:Arrangement_dresden.jpg|Activities/functions in the neighborhood (I)
Image:Alottments_dresden.jpg|Alottments - urban (I)
Image:Ana_river.jpg|Rivers/district system (I)
Image:Ana3.jpg|District/projects (I)
Image:site analysis dresden.jpg|sun path diagram & wind direction (N)
Image:flood protection.jpg|Flood protection dams and reservoirs position (N)
Image:Projective van.jpeg|Building analysis (Ib)
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes), of course with an emphasis on green infrastructure aspects. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing representing his/her individual ideas.''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Ibrahim.jpg|Ibrahim contribution
Image:Design consideration 2.jpg|Natasha contribution 2
Image:STR1.jpg|Ivana's contribution
Image:Kurt23.jpg|Radu's contribution
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==
''Please analyse the individual approaches presented so far and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses (you may use the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis SWOT]analysis model). Try to create a synthesis and represent it with a plan and some sketches. You can still use drawings/sketches.''

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|synthesis drawing 1
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|synthesis drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|synthesis drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|synthesis drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''Please reflect on your collaborative design process. Which potentials have you encountered? What was most difficult? What does collaborative design mean for you? (approx 150 words).''

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:WP 20141114 007.jpg|site photo 1
Image:WP 20141114 008.jpg|site photo 2
Image:WP 20141114 011.jpg|site photo 3
Image:WP 20141114 012.jpg|site photo 4
Image:WP 20141114 013.jpg|site photo 5
Image:WP 20141114 016.jpg|site photo 6
Image:WP 20141114 021.jpg|site photo 7
Image:WP 20141114 028.jpg|site photo 8
Image:WP 20141114 029.jpg|site photo 9
Image:WP 20141114 030.jpg|site photo 10
Image:WP 20141114 037.jpg|site photo 11
Image:WP 20141114 043.jpg|site photo 12
Image:WP 20141114 049.jpg|site photo 13
Image:WP 20141114 053.jpg|site photo 14
Image:WP 20141114 058.jpg|site photo 15
Image:WP 20141114 066.jpg|site photo 16
Image:WP 20141114 067.jpg|site photo 17
Image:WP 20141114 070.jpg|site photo 18
</gallery>

== References ==
''* Please make sure that you give proper references of all external resources used.''

''* Do not use images of which you do not hold the copyright.''

''* Please add internet links to other resources if necessary.''

*''E. and D. Despommier. 2008. The Vertical Farm – The origin of a 21st Century Architectural Typology. Ellingsen, Issue III. CTBUH Journal. pp. 26-34''
*'' G. Lupfer. B. Sterra. M. Wörner. J. Paul. C. W. Offermann. 1997. Architekturführer Dresden. Architectural Guide Dresden. Broschiert''
*''H. C. Schink; T. Richter. 1997. Industriearchitektur in Dresden. Deutscher Werkbund Sachsen, Leipzig''
*''http://www.luda-project.net/pdf/Dresden.pdf'', ''last accesed 18.11.2014''
*''http://www.luda-project.net/pdf/LUDA_D13_Dresden1.pdf'', ''last accesed 18.11.2014''
*''http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dresden'', ''last accesed 18.11.2014''
*''http://tu-dresden.de/die_tu_dresden/fakultaeten/fakultaet_architektur/ibad/denkmalpflege/studienarbeiten/ws_11_12'', ''last accesed 18.11.2014''
*''http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/06/06/europe-floods-reach-dresden_n_3396105.html'', ''last accesed 18.11.2014''
*''http://www.hochwasserlehrpfad-dresden.de/downloads/FT-Report_en.pdf'', ''last accesed 18.11.2014''
*''http://www.fao.org/giahs/giahs-sites/middle-east-and-central-asia/qanat-irrigation-systems-and-homegardens-iran/detailed-information/en/'', ''last accesed 19.11.2014''
*''http://inhabitat.com/case-and-soms-amps-living-green-wall-promises-to-reduce-air-pollution-and-energy-costs/'', ''last accesed 19.11.2014''
*''http://www.lavasa.com/'', ''last accesed 19.11.2014''
*''http://www.interpublic.com/about/sustainability?work_id=2290&casename=Draftfcb+Designs+Billboard+that+Produces+Drinking+Water'', ''last accesed 19.11.2014''
*''http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosco_Verticale'', ''last accesed 19.11.2014''
*''http://www.archdaily.com/585254/vincent-callebaut-s-2050-parisian-vision-of-a-smart-city/'',''last accesed 12.01.2015''
*''http://www.das-neue-dresden.de/fabrik-konsumgenossenschaft.html''
*''http://deu.archinform.net/projekte/6112.htm''
*''http://deu.archinform.net/arch/3003.htm''
*''http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurt_B%C3%A4rbig''
*''http://tu-dresden.de/die_tu_dresden/fakultaeten/fakultaet_architektur/ibad/denkmalpflege/studienarbeiten/ws_11_12''
*''http://www.lumabytes.com/suche/''
*''http://landarchs.com/permeable-paving-essential-guide/
*''http://www.urban-project.lviv.ua/php_uploads/data/articles/ArticleFiles_84_Gleichmann_en.pdf''
*''http://www.luda-project.net/pdf/LUDA_D13_Dresden1.pdf''
*''http://www.dresdner-gartenfreunde.de/''
*''http://www.dresden.de/media/pdf/infoblaetter/kleingartenvereine_0206.pdf''
*''http://stadtplan2.dresden.de/%28S%280wmr2hhwkki2tg5sfng3o141%29%29/spdd.aspx''
*''http://www.dresden.de/media/pdf/mobilitaet/VEP_Tafeln_engl_History_of_Dresden_Transport_Planning.pdf''
*''http://www.mgipu.hr/doc/05_Hans_Martin_Pfohl.pdf''
----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Collaborative Design]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group A

2015-01-18T19:50:18Z

Lilikji: /* References */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_A|working group A]]

'''''Kurt Bärbig Hall'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Kurt Bärbig Hall''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Germany''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Dresden''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Radu Mircea Giurgiu''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:WP 20141114 030.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=51.039058
|lng=13.708018
|zoom=14
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''
*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

=== Dresden ===
(German pronunciation: [ˈdʁeːsdən]; Upper Sorbian: Drježdźany) is the capital city[2] of the Free State of Saxony in Germany. It is situated in a valley on the River Elbe, near the Czech border. The Dresden conurbation is part of the Saxon Triangle metropolitan area with 2.4 million inhabitants.[3]

Dresden has a long history as the capital and royal residence for the Electors and Kings of Saxony, who for centuries furnished the city with cultural and artistic splendor. The city was known as the Jewel Box, because of its baroque and rococo city center. The controversial British and American bombing of Dresden in World War II towards the end of the war killed approximately 25,000, many of whom were civilians, and destroyed the entire city center. The bombing gutted the city, as it did for other major German cities. After the war restoration work has helped to reconstruct parts of the historic inner city, including the Katholische Hofkirche, the Semper Oper and the Dresdner Frauenkirche as well as the suburbs.

Before and since German reunification in 1990, Dresden was and is a cultural, educational, political and economic center of Germany and Europe. The Dresden University of Technology is one of the 10 largest universities in Germany and part of the German Universities Excellence Initiative.' (Wikipedia

'''Dresden is one of the greenest cities in all of Europe, with 63% of the city being green areas and forests''' (Wikipedia)

Having this reputation the contrast of the small industrial area in the west part of the city strikes one as a strong contrast and give a sence of alteration in the urban canvas of the capital of Saxony.

=== Site Location ===

*Architect: ''Kurt Bärbig''
*Great Garage: ''Karl Schmidt''
*Construction period: ''1927-1930''
*Vacancy: ''since 1991''
*Address: ''Fabrikstraße 13 01159 Dresden''
''51.039080, 13.707983''

''"The production buildings connected by a tunnel with a depot on the opposite side of the street has been designed as the first part of a not completed because of the world economic crisis the complex production of food (bakery, brewery, and distillery). The building consists of two six-story, one another at an obtuse angle vanes arranged and an eight-story tower. The equipped with loading ramps, convex Hofseiten are straight and the concave road adaptive front opposite. the framed by cornice window bands are street side led around by a five-story staircase, the street front on the formed by the two wing apex also extended. The system is designed according to principles Objectivity in disguise with red brick steel frame. It was changed after war damage and gutted in 1995."''
(G. Lupfer ''et.al.'' 1997)

=== Material: Red Brick ===

Sandstone, stone, plaster are known as typical facade materials in Saxony. Brick, brick, clinker is associated with North Germany, Hanseatic cities such as Lübeck and Hamburg. In the Saxon cities of Dresden, Leipzig and Chemnitz but there are several notable buildings, ensembles and settlements in the early decades of the 20th century, which are influenced by the material of clinker with its various ochers, reds, browns - a building material that can be considered more sustainable chances. (''Ehem. Fleischverarbeitungsbetrieb der Konsumgenossenschaft "Vorwärts" Gelungene Symbiose von Schönheit und Zweckdienlichkeit'' )

"As a result of an architectural competition to build a new meat factory in Dresden was built Löbtau. As part Nahmer the Bauhaus director Walter Gropius and the successful Dresdner Office Schilling and Gräbner also had lined up. (...)
Due to the consistency with which Bärbig designed by the great shape of the factory, he clearly approaches the ideals of dynamic architecture, whose protagonists in these years, Erich Mendelsohn belonged. Bärbig decreases with basic elements of dynamic functionalism terms of Mendelsohn's Schocken department store in Stuttgart.
The largely remained unknown architect is thus the author of a typical twenties and in the Saxon metropolis unusually consistent factory building. "(H.C. Schink and T. Richter. 1997).

=== Kurt Bärbig 1889 - 1968 ===

In 1923 he was appointed as the sole architect of Dresden in the German Academy for Urban. Bärbigs progressive, characterized by social aspects of urban and landscape design pays homage to the spirit of the times of objectivity, material relatedness and an effort to "Created time". Born in Dresden in 1889 architect who immigrated to Brazil in 1934 and came to the ruined city of the communist zone of Germany after 1945 back. In 1952, he was Head of freelance architects in the competition for the redesign of Dresden. In addition to Schneider and Rascher himself had e.g. Bärbig also involved in the competition for the new Market Square, but was eliminated at the first attempt.

=== Threatening problems===

''Flood:'' "Widespread across Saxony, the extreme flood of August 2002 led to massive damages, which could not be fully remedied to date. Besides reconstruction, numerous measures have been taken to provide for protection from future floods. Nevertheless, absolute security will never be guaranteed. Taking action responsibly in the regions at risk is an important key component of flood prevention." (''Flood Trail Elbe in the Region of Dresden'')

''Food Security:'' The floods or other climatic events can result in poor crop yields and threaten the food security of the city.

'' Lack of Green in Industrial Area:'' Although projects of GI techniques are planned on a long term, the industrial area is still dominated by big buildings, lack of green space, and an uninviting environment for the community and visitors

''History and Culture:'' The Food Production factory failed due to the World Economic Crisis from 1920, but the fact that is not now active with any function, may lead to losing the cultural heritage that the Architect Kurt Bärbig left behind.

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:WP 20141114 013.jpg| InfoPoster at the entrance in the Building
Image:99085585.jpg|Photo of the curved facade of the Building
Image:Plan-zu-massnahmen-und-proj.jpeg|Weißeritz Green Corridor Plan (''Flood protection in connection with urban renewal Dresden „Weißeritz urban development concept“'')
Image:WP 20141114 007.jpg|Perspectives towards the Factory in the industrial park
Image:WP 20141114 030.jpg|Perspectives towards the Factory from the City Park Powder Mill
Image:WP 20141114 008.jpg|Close up Kurt Bärbig Hall
Image:Traseu.jpg|
</gallery>

== What are the overall objectives of your design? What are the specific objectives for enhancing green infrastructure? ==

''Please give a short written argumentation (not more than 150 words). It is ok if you have different or even contradicting objectives within your group. Just make it explicit at the beginning of your process ''

The main objective of this project is to reactivate the abandoned factory that is an important architectural heritage of the city's architect from the 1920s, ''Kurt Bärbig''. The means of doing that are harnessing the high potential of being a landmark, giving functions of food production, education and pylon in Green Infrastructure strategy. The factory should be linked with important sites of the city and should bring more green in the grey industrial area. An important strategy for the developing of the factory is using the resources in a smart way through integrating GI technologies. We want to find ways of using all available resources(river, active factories) in a smart way, and integrating the project in the site context.

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing.''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Urban.jpg|Urban context, iconic places in the city and dynamic of public space use
Image:Arrangement_dresden.jpg|Activities/functions in the neighborhood
Image:Alottments_dresden.jpg|Alottments - urban
Image:Ana_river.jpg|Rivers/district system
Image:Ana3.jpg|District/projects
Image:site analysis dresden.jpg|sun path diagram & wind direction
Image:flood protection.jpg|Flood protection dams and reservoirs position
Image:Projective van.jpeg|Building analysis
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes), of course with an emphasis on green infrastructure aspects. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing representing his/her individual ideas.''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Ibrahim.jpg|Ibrahim contribution
Image:Design consideration 2.jpg|Natasha contribution 2
Image:STR1.jpg|Ivana's contribution
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|projective drawing 4
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==
''Please analyse the individual approaches presented so far and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses (you may use the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis SWOT]analysis model). Try to create a synthesis and represent it with a plan and some sketches. You can still use drawings/sketches.''

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|synthesis drawing 1
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|synthesis drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|synthesis drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|synthesis drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''Please reflect on your collaborative design process. Which potentials have you encountered? What was most difficult? What does collaborative design mean for you? (approx 150 words).''

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:WP 20141114 007.jpg|site photo 1
Image:WP 20141114 008.jpg|site photo 2
Image:WP 20141114 011.jpg|site photo 3
Image:WP 20141114 012.jpg|site photo 4
Image:WP 20141114 013.jpg|site photo 5
Image:WP 20141114 016.jpg|site photo 6
Image:WP 20141114 021.jpg|site photo 7
Image:WP 20141114 028.jpg|site photo 8
Image:WP 20141114 029.jpg|site photo 9
Image:WP 20141114 030.jpg|site photo 10
Image:WP 20141114 037.jpg|site photo 11
Image:WP 20141114 043.jpg|site photo 12
Image:WP 20141114 049.jpg|site photo 13
Image:WP 20141114 053.jpg|site photo 14
Image:WP 20141114 058.jpg|site photo 15
Image:WP 20141114 066.jpg|site photo 16
Image:WP 20141114 067.jpg|site photo 17
Image:WP 20141114 070.jpg|site photo 18
</gallery>

== References ==
''* Please make sure that you give proper references of all external resources used.''

''* Do not use images of which you do not hold the copyright.''

''* Please add internet links to other resources if necessary.''

*''E. and D. Despommier. 2008. The Vertical Farm – The origin of a 21st Century Architectural Typology. Ellingsen, Issue III. CTBUH Journal. pp. 26-34''
*'' G. Lupfer. B. Sterra. M. Wörner. J. Paul. C. W. Offermann. 1997. Architekturführer Dresden. Architectural Guide Dresden. Broschiert''
*''H. C. Schink; T. Richter. 1997. Industriearchitektur in Dresden. Deutscher Werkbund Sachsen, Leipzig''
*''http://www.luda-project.net/pdf/Dresden.pdf'', ''last accesed 18.11.2014''
*''http://www.luda-project.net/pdf/LUDA_D13_Dresden1.pdf'', ''last accesed 18.11.2014''
*''http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dresden'', ''last accesed 18.11.2014''
*''http://tu-dresden.de/die_tu_dresden/fakultaeten/fakultaet_architektur/ibad/denkmalpflege/studienarbeiten/ws_11_12'', ''last accesed 18.11.2014''
*''http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/06/06/europe-floods-reach-dresden_n_3396105.html'', ''last accesed 18.11.2014''
*''http://www.hochwasserlehrpfad-dresden.de/downloads/FT-Report_en.pdf'', ''last accesed 18.11.2014''
*''http://www.fao.org/giahs/giahs-sites/middle-east-and-central-asia/qanat-irrigation-systems-and-homegardens-iran/detailed-information/en/'', ''last accesed 19.11.2014''
*''http://inhabitat.com/case-and-soms-amps-living-green-wall-promises-to-reduce-air-pollution-and-energy-costs/'', ''last accesed 19.11.2014''
*''http://www.lavasa.com/'', ''last accesed 19.11.2014''
*''http://www.interpublic.com/about/sustainability?work_id=2290&casename=Draftfcb+Designs+Billboard+that+Produces+Drinking+Water'', ''last accesed 19.11.2014''
*''http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosco_Verticale'', ''last accesed 19.11.2014''
*''http://www.archdaily.com/585254/vincent-callebaut-s-2050-parisian-vision-of-a-smart-city/'',''last accesed 12.01.2015''
*''http://www.das-neue-dresden.de/fabrik-konsumgenossenschaft.html''
*''http://deu.archinform.net/projekte/6112.htm''
*''http://deu.archinform.net/arch/3003.htm''
*''http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurt_B%C3%A4rbig''
*''http://tu-dresden.de/die_tu_dresden/fakultaeten/fakultaet_architektur/ibad/denkmalpflege/studienarbeiten/ws_11_12''
*''http://www.lumabytes.com/suche/''
*''http://landarchs.com/permeable-paving-essential-guide/
*''http://www.urban-project.lviv.ua/php_uploads/data/articles/ArticleFiles_84_Gleichmann_en.pdf''
*''http://www.luda-project.net/pdf/LUDA_D13_Dresden1.pdf''
*''http://www.dresdner-gartenfreunde.de/''
*''http://www.dresden.de/media/pdf/infoblaetter/kleingartenvereine_0206.pdf''
*''http://stadtplan2.dresden.de/%28S%280wmr2hhwkki2tg5sfng3o141%29%29/spdd.aspx''
*''http://www.dresden.de/media/pdf/mobilitaet/VEP_Tafeln_engl_History_of_Dresden_Transport_Planning.pdf''
*''http://www.mgipu.hr/doc/05_Hans_Martin_Pfohl.pdf''
----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Collaborative Design]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group A

2015-01-18T19:45:45Z

Lilikji: /* References */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_A|working group A]]

'''''Kurt Bärbig Hall'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Kurt Bärbig Hall''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Germany''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Dresden''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Radu Mircea Giurgiu''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:WP 20141114 030.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=51.039058
|lng=13.708018
|zoom=14
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''
*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

=== Dresden ===
(German pronunciation: [ˈdʁeːsdən]; Upper Sorbian: Drježdźany) is the capital city[2] of the Free State of Saxony in Germany. It is situated in a valley on the River Elbe, near the Czech border. The Dresden conurbation is part of the Saxon Triangle metropolitan area with 2.4 million inhabitants.[3]

Dresden has a long history as the capital and royal residence for the Electors and Kings of Saxony, who for centuries furnished the city with cultural and artistic splendor. The city was known as the Jewel Box, because of its baroque and rococo city center. The controversial British and American bombing of Dresden in World War II towards the end of the war killed approximately 25,000, many of whom were civilians, and destroyed the entire city center. The bombing gutted the city, as it did for other major German cities. After the war restoration work has helped to reconstruct parts of the historic inner city, including the Katholische Hofkirche, the Semper Oper and the Dresdner Frauenkirche as well as the suburbs.

Before and since German reunification in 1990, Dresden was and is a cultural, educational, political and economic center of Germany and Europe. The Dresden University of Technology is one of the 10 largest universities in Germany and part of the German Universities Excellence Initiative.' (Wikipedia

'''Dresden is one of the greenest cities in all of Europe, with 63% of the city being green areas and forests''' (Wikipedia)

Having this reputation the contrast of the small industrial area in the west part of the city strikes one as a strong contrast and give a sence of alteration in the urban canvas of the capital of Saxony.

=== Site Location ===

*Architect: ''Kurt Bärbig''
*Great Garage: ''Karl Schmidt''
*Construction period: ''1927-1930''
*Vacancy: ''since 1991''
*Address: ''Fabrikstraße 13 01159 Dresden''
''51.039080, 13.707983''

''"The production buildings connected by a tunnel with a depot on the opposite side of the street has been designed as the first part of a not completed because of the world economic crisis the complex production of food (bakery, brewery, and distillery). The building consists of two six-story, one another at an obtuse angle vanes arranged and an eight-story tower. The equipped with loading ramps, convex Hofseiten are straight and the concave road adaptive front opposite. the framed by cornice window bands are street side led around by a five-story staircase, the street front on the formed by the two wing apex also extended. The system is designed according to principles Objectivity in disguise with red brick steel frame. It was changed after war damage and gutted in 1995."''
(G. Lupfer ''et.al.'' 1997)

=== Material: Red Brick ===

Sandstone, stone, plaster are known as typical facade materials in Saxony. Brick, brick, clinker is associated with North Germany, Hanseatic cities such as Lübeck and Hamburg. In the Saxon cities of Dresden, Leipzig and Chemnitz but there are several notable buildings, ensembles and settlements in the early decades of the 20th century, which are influenced by the material of clinker with its various ochers, reds, browns - a building material that can be considered more sustainable chances. (''Ehem. Fleischverarbeitungsbetrieb der Konsumgenossenschaft "Vorwärts" Gelungene Symbiose von Schönheit und Zweckdienlichkeit'' )

"As a result of an architectural competition to build a new meat factory in Dresden was built Löbtau. As part Nahmer the Bauhaus director Walter Gropius and the successful Dresdner Office Schilling and Gräbner also had lined up. (...)
Due to the consistency with which Bärbig designed by the great shape of the factory, he clearly approaches the ideals of dynamic architecture, whose protagonists in these years, Erich Mendelsohn belonged. Bärbig decreases with basic elements of dynamic functionalism terms of Mendelsohn's Schocken department store in Stuttgart.
The largely remained unknown architect is thus the author of a typical twenties and in the Saxon metropolis unusually consistent factory building. "(H.C. Schink and T. Richter. 1997).

=== Kurt Bärbig 1889 - 1968 ===

In 1923 he was appointed as the sole architect of Dresden in the German Academy for Urban. Bärbigs progressive, characterized by social aspects of urban and landscape design pays homage to the spirit of the times of objectivity, material relatedness and an effort to "Created time". Born in Dresden in 1889 architect who immigrated to Brazil in 1934 and came to the ruined city of the communist zone of Germany after 1945 back. In 1952, he was Head of freelance architects in the competition for the redesign of Dresden. In addition to Schneider and Rascher himself had e.g. Bärbig also involved in the competition for the new Market Square, but was eliminated at the first attempt.

=== Threatening problems===

''Flood:'' "Widespread across Saxony, the extreme flood of August 2002 led to massive damages, which could not be fully remedied to date. Besides reconstruction, numerous measures have been taken to provide for protection from future floods. Nevertheless, absolute security will never be guaranteed. Taking action responsibly in the regions at risk is an important key component of flood prevention." (''Flood Trail Elbe in the Region of Dresden'')

''Food Security:'' The floods or other climatic events can result in poor crop yields and threaten the food security of the city.

'' Lack of Green in Industrial Area:'' Although projects of GI techniques are planned on a long term, the industrial area is still dominated by big buildings, lack of green space, and an uninviting environment for the community and visitors

''History and Culture:'' The Food Production factory failed due to the World Economic Crisis from 1920, but the fact that is not now active with any function, may lead to losing the cultural heritage that the Architect Kurt Bärbig left behind.

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:WP 20141114 013.jpg| InfoPoster at the entrance in the Building
Image:99085585.jpg|Photo of the curved facade of the Building
Image:Plan-zu-massnahmen-und-proj.jpeg|Weißeritz Green Corridor Plan (''Flood protection in connection with urban renewal Dresden „Weißeritz urban development concept“'')
Image:WP 20141114 007.jpg|Perspectives towards the Factory in the industrial park
Image:WP 20141114 030.jpg|Perspectives towards the Factory from the City Park Powder Mill
Image:WP 20141114 008.jpg|Close up Kurt Bärbig Hall
Image:Traseu.jpg|
</gallery>

== What are the overall objectives of your design? What are the specific objectives for enhancing green infrastructure? ==

''Please give a short written argumentation (not more than 150 words). It is ok if you have different or even contradicting objectives within your group. Just make it explicit at the beginning of your process ''

The main objective of this project is to reactivate the abandoned factory that is an important architectural heritage of the city's architect from the 1920s, ''Kurt Bärbig''. The means of doing that are harnessing the high potential of being a landmark, giving functions of food production, education and pylon in Green Infrastructure strategy. The factory should be linked with important sites of the city and should bring more green in the grey industrial area. An important strategy for the developing of the factory is using the resources in a smart way through integrating GI technologies. We want to find ways of using all available resources(river, active factories) in a smart way, and integrating the project in the site context.

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing.''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Urban.jpg|Urban context, iconic places in the city and dynamic of public space use
Image:Arrangement_dresden.jpg|Activities/functions in the neighborhood
Image:Alottments_dresden.jpg|Alottments - urban
Image:Ana_river.jpg|Rivers/district system
Image:Ana3.jpg|District/projects
Image:site analysis dresden.jpg|sun path diagram & wind direction
Image:flood protection.jpg|Flood protection dams and reservoirs position
Image:Projective van.jpeg|Building analysis
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes), of course with an emphasis on green infrastructure aspects. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing representing his/her individual ideas.''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Ibrahim.jpg|Ibrahim contribution
Image:Design consideration 2.jpg|Natasha contribution 2
Image:STR1.jpg|Ivana's contribution
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|projective drawing 4
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==
''Please analyse the individual approaches presented so far and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses (you may use the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis SWOT]analysis model). Try to create a synthesis and represent it with a plan and some sketches. You can still use drawings/sketches.''

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|synthesis drawing 1
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|synthesis drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|synthesis drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|synthesis drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''Please reflect on your collaborative design process. Which potentials have you encountered? What was most difficult? What does collaborative design mean for you? (approx 150 words).''

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:WP 20141114 007.jpg|site photo 1
Image:WP 20141114 008.jpg|site photo 2
Image:WP 20141114 011.jpg|site photo 3
Image:WP 20141114 012.jpg|site photo 4
Image:WP 20141114 013.jpg|site photo 5
Image:WP 20141114 016.jpg|site photo 6
Image:WP 20141114 021.jpg|site photo 7
Image:WP 20141114 028.jpg|site photo 8
Image:WP 20141114 029.jpg|site photo 9
Image:WP 20141114 030.jpg|site photo 10
Image:WP 20141114 037.jpg|site photo 11
Image:WP 20141114 043.jpg|site photo 12
Image:WP 20141114 049.jpg|site photo 13
Image:WP 20141114 053.jpg|site photo 14
Image:WP 20141114 058.jpg|site photo 15
Image:WP 20141114 066.jpg|site photo 16
Image:WP 20141114 067.jpg|site photo 17
Image:WP 20141114 070.jpg|site photo 18
</gallery>

== References ==
''* Please make sure that you give proper references of all external resources used.''

''* Do not use images of which you do not hold the copyright.''

''* Please add internet links to other resources if necessary.''

*''E. and D. Despommier. 2008. The Vertical Farm – The origin of a 21st Century Architectural Typology. Ellingsen, Issue III. CTBUH Journal. pp. 26-34''
*'' G. Lupfer. B. Sterra. M. Wörner. J. Paul. C. W. Offermann. 1997. Architekturführer Dresden. Architectural Guide Dresden. Broschiert''
*''H. C. Schink; T. Richter. 1997. Industriearchitektur in Dresden. Deutscher Werkbund Sachsen, Leipzig''
*''http://www.luda-project.net/pdf/Dresden.pdf'', ''last accesed 18.11.2014''
*''http://www.luda-project.net/pdf/LUDA_D13_Dresden1.pdf'', ''last accesed 18.11.2014''
*''http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dresden'', ''last accesed 18.11.2014''
*''http://tu-dresden.de/die_tu_dresden/fakultaeten/fakultaet_architektur/ibad/denkmalpflege/studienarbeiten/ws_11_12'', ''last accesed 18.11.2014''
*''http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/06/06/europe-floods-reach-dresden_n_3396105.html'', ''last accesed 18.11.2014''
*''http://www.hochwasserlehrpfad-dresden.de/downloads/FT-Report_en.pdf'', ''last accesed 18.11.2014''
*''http://www.fao.org/giahs/giahs-sites/middle-east-and-central-asia/qanat-irrigation-systems-and-homegardens-iran/detailed-information/en/'', ''last accesed 19.11.2014''
*''http://inhabitat.com/case-and-soms-amps-living-green-wall-promises-to-reduce-air-pollution-and-energy-costs/'', ''last accesed 19.11.2014''
*''http://www.lavasa.com/'', ''last accesed 19.11.2014''
*''http://www.interpublic.com/about/sustainability?work_id=2290&casename=Draftfcb+Designs+Billboard+that+Produces+Drinking+Water'', ''last accesed 19.11.2014''
*''http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosco_Verticale'', ''last accesed 19.11.2014''
*''http://www.archdaily.com/585254/vincent-callebaut-s-2050-parisian-vision-of-a-smart-city/'',''last accesed 12.01.2015''
*''http://www.das-neue-dresden.de/fabrik-konsumgenossenschaft.html''
*''http://deu.archinform.net/projekte/6112.htm''
*''http://deu.archinform.net/arch/3003.htm''
*''http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurt_B%C3%A4rbig''
*''http://tu-dresden.de/die_tu_dresden/fakultaeten/fakultaet_architektur/ibad/denkmalpflege/studienarbeiten/ws_11_12''
*''http://www.lumabytes.com/suche/''
*''http://landarchs.com/permeable-paving-essential-guide/
*''http://www.urban-project.lviv.ua/php_uploads/data/articles/ArticleFiles_84_Gleichmann_en.pdf''
*''http://www.luda-project.net/pdf/LUDA_D13_Dresden1.pdf''
----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Collaborative Design]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group A

2015-01-18T19:14:58Z

Lilikji: /* Projective drawings */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_A|working group A]]

'''''Kurt Bärbig Hall'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Kurt Bärbig Hall''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Germany''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Dresden''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Radu Mircea Giurgiu''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:WP 20141114 030.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=51.039058
|lng=13.708018
|zoom=14
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''
*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

=== Dresden ===
(German pronunciation: [ˈdʁeːsdən]; Upper Sorbian: Drježdźany) is the capital city[2] of the Free State of Saxony in Germany. It is situated in a valley on the River Elbe, near the Czech border. The Dresden conurbation is part of the Saxon Triangle metropolitan area with 2.4 million inhabitants.[3]

Dresden has a long history as the capital and royal residence for the Electors and Kings of Saxony, who for centuries furnished the city with cultural and artistic splendor. The city was known as the Jewel Box, because of its baroque and rococo city center. The controversial British and American bombing of Dresden in World War II towards the end of the war killed approximately 25,000, many of whom were civilians, and destroyed the entire city center. The bombing gutted the city, as it did for other major German cities. After the war restoration work has helped to reconstruct parts of the historic inner city, including the Katholische Hofkirche, the Semper Oper and the Dresdner Frauenkirche as well as the suburbs.

Before and since German reunification in 1990, Dresden was and is a cultural, educational, political and economic center of Germany and Europe. The Dresden University of Technology is one of the 10 largest universities in Germany and part of the German Universities Excellence Initiative.' (Wikipedia

'''Dresden is one of the greenest cities in all of Europe, with 63% of the city being green areas and forests''' (Wikipedia)

Having this reputation the contrast of the small industrial area in the west part of the city strikes one as a strong contrast and give a sence of alteration in the urban canvas of the capital of Saxony.

=== Site Location ===

*Architect: ''Kurt Bärbig''
*Great Garage: ''Karl Schmidt''
*Construction period: ''1927-1930''
*Vacancy: ''since 1991''
*Address: ''Fabrikstraße 13 01159 Dresden''
''51.039080, 13.707983''

''"The production buildings connected by a tunnel with a depot on the opposite side of the street has been designed as the first part of a not completed because of the world economic crisis the complex production of food (bakery, brewery, and distillery). The building consists of two six-story, one another at an obtuse angle vanes arranged and an eight-story tower. The equipped with loading ramps, convex Hofseiten are straight and the concave road adaptive front opposite. the framed by cornice window bands are street side led around by a five-story staircase, the street front on the formed by the two wing apex also extended. The system is designed according to principles Objectivity in disguise with red brick steel frame. It was changed after war damage and gutted in 1995."''
(G. Lupfer ''et.al.'' 1997)

=== Material: Red Brick ===

Sandstone, stone, plaster are known as typical facade materials in Saxony. Brick, brick, clinker is associated with North Germany, Hanseatic cities such as Lübeck and Hamburg. In the Saxon cities of Dresden, Leipzig and Chemnitz but there are several notable buildings, ensembles and settlements in the early decades of the 20th century, which are influenced by the material of clinker with its various ochers, reds, browns - a building material that can be considered more sustainable chances. (''Ehem. Fleischverarbeitungsbetrieb der Konsumgenossenschaft "Vorwärts" Gelungene Symbiose von Schönheit und Zweckdienlichkeit'' )

"As a result of an architectural competition to build a new meat factory in Dresden was built Löbtau. As part Nahmer the Bauhaus director Walter Gropius and the successful Dresdner Office Schilling and Gräbner also had lined up. (...)
Due to the consistency with which Bärbig designed by the great shape of the factory, he clearly approaches the ideals of dynamic architecture, whose protagonists in these years, Erich Mendelsohn belonged. Bärbig decreases with basic elements of dynamic functionalism terms of Mendelsohn's Schocken department store in Stuttgart.
The largely remained unknown architect is thus the author of a typical twenties and in the Saxon metropolis unusually consistent factory building. "(H.C. Schink and T. Richter. 1997).

=== Kurt Bärbig 1889 - 1968 ===

In 1923 he was appointed as the sole architect of Dresden in the German Academy for Urban. Bärbigs progressive, characterized by social aspects of urban and landscape design pays homage to the spirit of the times of objectivity, material relatedness and an effort to "Created time". Born in Dresden in 1889 architect who immigrated to Brazil in 1934 and came to the ruined city of the communist zone of Germany after 1945 back. In 1952, he was Head of freelance architects in the competition for the redesign of Dresden. In addition to Schneider and Rascher himself had e.g. Bärbig also involved in the competition for the new Market Square, but was eliminated at the first attempt.

=== Threatening problems===

''Flood:'' "Widespread across Saxony, the extreme flood of August 2002 led to massive damages, which could not be fully remedied to date. Besides reconstruction, numerous measures have been taken to provide for protection from future floods. Nevertheless, absolute security will never be guaranteed. Taking action responsibly in the regions at risk is an important key component of flood prevention." (''Flood Trail Elbe in the Region of Dresden'')

''Food Security:'' The floods or other climatic events can result in poor crop yields and threaten the food security of the city.

'' Lack of Green in Industrial Area:'' Although projects of GI techniques are planned on a long term, the industrial area is still dominated by big buildings, lack of green space, and an uninviting environment for the community and visitors

''History and Culture:'' The Food Production factory failed due to the World Economic Crisis from 1920, but the fact that is not now active with any function, may lead to losing the cultural heritage that the Architect Kurt Bärbig left behind.

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:WP 20141114 013.jpg| InfoPoster at the entrance in the Building
Image:99085585.jpg|Photo of the curved facade of the Building
Image:Plan-zu-massnahmen-und-proj.jpeg|Weißeritz Green Corridor Plan (''Flood protection in connection with urban renewal Dresden „Weißeritz urban development concept“'')
Image:WP 20141114 007.jpg|Perspectives towards the Factory in the industrial park
Image:WP 20141114 030.jpg|Perspectives towards the Factory from the City Park Powder Mill
Image:WP 20141114 008.jpg|Close up Kurt Bärbig Hall
Image:Traseu.jpg|
</gallery>

== What are the overall objectives of your design? What are the specific objectives for enhancing green infrastructure? ==

''Please give a short written argumentation (not more than 150 words). It is ok if you have different or even contradicting objectives within your group. Just make it explicit at the beginning of your process ''

The main objective of this project is to reactivate the abandoned factory that is an important architectural heritage of the city's architect from the 1920s, ''Kurt Bärbig''. The means of doing that are harnessing the high potential of being a landmark, giving functions of food production, education and pylon in Green Infrastructure strategy. The factory should be linked with important sites of the city and should bring more green in the grey industrial area. An important strategy for the developing of the factory is using the resources in a smart way through integrating GI technologies. We want to find ways of using all available resources(river, active factories) in a smart way, and integrating the project in the site context.

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing.''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Urban.jpg|Urban context, iconic places in the city and dynamic of public space use
Image:Arrangement_dresden.jpg|Activities/functions in the neighborhood
Image:Alottments_dresden.jpg|Alottments - urban
Image:Ana_river.jpg|Rivers/district system
Image:Ana3.jpg|District/projects
Image:site analysis dresden.jpg|sun path diagram & wind direction
Image:flood protection.jpg|Flood protection dams and reservoirs position
Image:Projective van.jpeg|Building analysis
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes), of course with an emphasis on green infrastructure aspects. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing representing his/her individual ideas.''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Ibrahim.jpg|Ibrahim contribution
Image:Design consideration 2.jpg|Natasha contribution 2
Image:STR1.jpg|Ivana's contribution
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|projective drawing 4
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==
''Please analyse the individual approaches presented so far and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses (you may use the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis SWOT]analysis model). Try to create a synthesis and represent it with a plan and some sketches. You can still use drawings/sketches.''

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|synthesis drawing 1
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|synthesis drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|synthesis drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|synthesis drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''Please reflect on your collaborative design process. Which potentials have you encountered? What was most difficult? What does collaborative design mean for you? (approx 150 words).''

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:WP 20141114 007.jpg|site photo 1
Image:WP 20141114 008.jpg|site photo 2
Image:WP 20141114 011.jpg|site photo 3
Image:WP 20141114 012.jpg|site photo 4
Image:WP 20141114 013.jpg|site photo 5
Image:WP 20141114 016.jpg|site photo 6
Image:WP 20141114 021.jpg|site photo 7
Image:WP 20141114 028.jpg|site photo 8
Image:WP 20141114 029.jpg|site photo 9
Image:WP 20141114 030.jpg|site photo 10
Image:WP 20141114 037.jpg|site photo 11
Image:WP 20141114 043.jpg|site photo 12
Image:WP 20141114 049.jpg|site photo 13
Image:WP 20141114 053.jpg|site photo 14
Image:WP 20141114 058.jpg|site photo 15
Image:WP 20141114 066.jpg|site photo 16
Image:WP 20141114 067.jpg|site photo 17
Image:WP 20141114 070.jpg|site photo 18
</gallery>

== References ==
''* Please make sure that you give proper references of all external resources used.''

''* Do not use images of which you do not hold the copyright.''

''* Please add internet links to other resources if necessary.''

*''E. and D. Despommier. 2008. The Vertical Farm – The origin of a 21st Century Architectural Typology. Ellingsen, Issue III. CTBUH Journal. pp. 26-34''
*'' G. Lupfer. B. Sterra. M. Wörner. J. Paul. C. W. Offermann. 1997. Architekturführer Dresden. Architectural Guide Dresden. Broschiert''
*''H. C. Schink; T. Richter. 1997. Industriearchitektur in Dresden. Deutscher Werkbund Sachsen, Leipzig''
*''http://www.luda-project.net/pdf/Dresden.pdf'', ''last accesed 18.11.2014''
*''http://www.luda-project.net/pdf/LUDA_D13_Dresden1.pdf'', ''last accesed 18.11.2014''
*''http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dresden'', ''last accesed 18.11.2014''
*''http://tu-dresden.de/die_tu_dresden/fakultaeten/fakultaet_architektur/ibad/denkmalpflege/studienarbeiten/ws_11_12'', ''last accesed 18.11.2014''
*''http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/06/06/europe-floods-reach-dresden_n_3396105.html'', ''last accesed 18.11.2014''
*''http://www.hochwasserlehrpfad-dresden.de/downloads/FT-Report_en.pdf'', ''last accesed 18.11.2014''
*''http://www.fao.org/giahs/giahs-sites/middle-east-and-central-asia/qanat-irrigation-systems-and-homegardens-iran/detailed-information/en/'', ''last accesed 19.11.2014''
*''http://inhabitat.com/case-and-soms-amps-living-green-wall-promises-to-reduce-air-pollution-and-energy-costs/'', ''last accesed 19.11.2014''
*''http://www.lavasa.com/'', ''last accesed 19.11.2014''
*''http://www.interpublic.com/about/sustainability?work_id=2290&casename=Draftfcb+Designs+Billboard+that+Produces+Drinking+Water'', ''last accesed 19.11.2014''
*''http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosco_Verticale'', ''last accesed 19.11.2014''
*''http://www.archdaily.com/585254/vincent-callebaut-s-2050-parisian-vision-of-a-smart-city/'',''last accesed 12.01.2015''
*''http://www.das-neue-dresden.de/fabrik-konsumgenossenschaft.html''
*''http://deu.archinform.net/projekte/6112.htm''
*''http://deu.archinform.net/arch/3003.htm''
*''http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurt_B%C3%A4rbig''
*''http://tu-dresden.de/die_tu_dresden/fakultaeten/fakultaet_architektur/ibad/denkmalpflege/studienarbeiten/ws_11_12''
*''http://www.lumabytes.com/suche/''
*''http://landarchs.com/permeable-paving-essential-guide/
----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Collaborative Design]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

File:STR1.jpg

2015-01-18T19:12:25Z

Lilikji:

Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group A

2015-01-14T23:09:03Z

Lilikji: /* Analytical drawings */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_A|working group A]]

'''''Kurt Bärbig Hall'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Kurt Bärbig Hall''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Germany''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Dresden''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Radu Mircea Giurgiu''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:WP 20141114 030.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=51.039058
|lng=13.708018
|zoom=14
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''
*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

=== Dresden ===
(German pronunciation: [ˈdʁeːsdən]; Upper Sorbian: Drježdźany) is the capital city[2] of the Free State of Saxony in Germany. It is situated in a valley on the River Elbe, near the Czech border. The Dresden conurbation is part of the Saxon Triangle metropolitan area with 2.4 million inhabitants.[3]

Dresden has a long history as the capital and royal residence for the Electors and Kings of Saxony, who for centuries furnished the city with cultural and artistic splendor. The city was known as the Jewel Box, because of its baroque and rococo city center. The controversial British and American bombing of Dresden in World War II towards the end of the war killed approximately 25,000, many of whom were civilians, and destroyed the entire city center. The bombing gutted the city, as it did for other major German cities. After the war restoration work has helped to reconstruct parts of the historic inner city, including the Katholische Hofkirche, the Semper Oper and the Dresdner Frauenkirche as well as the suburbs.

Before and since German reunification in 1990, Dresden was and is a cultural, educational, political and economic center of Germany and Europe. The Dresden University of Technology is one of the 10 largest universities in Germany and part of the German Universities Excellence Initiative.' (Wikipedia

'''Dresden is one of the greenest cities in all of Europe, with 63% of the city being green areas and forests''' (Wikipedia)

Having this reputation the contrast of the small industrial area in the west part of the city strikes one as a strong contrast and give a sence of alteration in the urban canvas of the capital of Saxony.

=== Site Location ===

*Architect: ''Kurt Bärbig''
*Great Garage: ''Karl Schmidt''
*Construction period: ''1927-1930''
*Vacancy: ''since 1991''
*Address: ''Fabrikstraße 13 01159 Dresden''
''51.039080, 13.707983''

''"The production buildings connected by a tunnel with a depot on the opposite side of the street has been designed as the first part of a not completed because of the world economic crisis the complex production of food (bakery, brewery, and distillery). The building consists of two six-story, one another at an obtuse angle vanes arranged and an eight-story tower. The equipped with loading ramps, convex Hofseiten are straight and the concave road adaptive front opposite. the framed by cornice window bands are street side led around by a five-story staircase, the street front on the formed by the two wing apex also extended. The system is designed according to principles Objectivity in disguise with red brick steel frame. It was changed after war damage and gutted in 1995."''
(G. Lupfer ''et.al.'' 1997)

=== Material: Red Brick ===

Sandstone, stone, plaster are known as typical facade materials in Saxony. Brick, brick, clinker is associated with North Germany, Hanseatic cities such as Lübeck and Hamburg. In the Saxon cities of Dresden, Leipzig and Chemnitz but there are several notable buildings, ensembles and settlements in the early decades of the 20th century, which are influenced by the material of clinker with its various ochers, reds, browns - a building material that can be considered more sustainable chances. (''Ehem. Fleischverarbeitungsbetrieb der Konsumgenossenschaft "Vorwärts" Gelungene Symbiose von Schönheit und Zweckdienlichkeit'' )

"As a result of an architectural competition to build a new meat factory in Dresden was built Löbtau. As part Nahmer the Bauhaus director Walter Gropius and the successful Dresdner Office Schilling and Gräbner also had lined up. (...)
Due to the consistency with which Bärbig designed by the great shape of the factory, he clearly approaches the ideals of dynamic architecture, whose protagonists in these years, Erich Mendelsohn belonged. Bärbig decreases with basic elements of dynamic functionalism terms of Mendelsohn's Schocken department store in Stuttgart.
The largely remained unknown architect is thus the author of a typical twenties and in the Saxon metropolis unusually consistent factory building. "(H.C. Schink and T. Richter. 1997).

=== Kurt Bärbig 1889 - 1968 ===

In 1923 he was appointed as the sole architect of Dresden in the German Academy for Urban. Bärbigs progressive, characterized by social aspects of urban and landscape design pays homage to the spirit of the times of objectivity, material relatedness and an effort to "Created time". Born in Dresden in 1889 architect who immigrated to Brazil in 1934 and came to the ruined city of the communist zone of Germany after 1945 back. In 1952, he was Head of freelance architects in the competition for the redesign of Dresden. In addition to Schneider and Rascher himself had e.g. Bärbig also involved in the competition for the new Market Square, but was eliminated at the first attempt.

=== Threatening problems===

''Flood:'' "Widespread across Saxony, the extreme flood of August 2002 led to massive damages, which could not be fully remedied to date. Besides reconstruction, numerous measures have been taken to provide for protection from future floods. Nevertheless, absolute security will never be guaranteed. Taking action responsibly in the regions at risk is an important key component of flood prevention." (''Flood Trail Elbe in the Region of Dresden'')

''Food Security:'' The floods or other climatic events can result in poor crop yields and threaten the food security of the city.

'' Lack of Green in Industrial Area:'' Although projects of GI techniques are planned on a long term, the industrial area is still dominated by big buildings, lack of green space, and an uninviting environment for the community and visitors

''History and Culture:'' The Food Production factory failed due to the World Economic Crisis from 1920, but the fact that is not now active with any function, may lead to losing the cultural heritage that the Architect Kurt Bärbig left behind.

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:WP 20141114 013.jpg| InfoPoster at the entrance in the Building
Image:99085585.jpg|Photo of the curved facade of the Building
Image:Plan-zu-massnahmen-und-proj.jpeg|Weißeritz Green Corridor Plan (''Flood protection in connection with urban renewal Dresden „Weißeritz urban development concept“'')
Image:WP 20141114 007.jpg|Perspectives towards the Factory in the industrial park
Image:WP 20141114 030.jpg|Perspectives towards the Factory from the City Park Powder Mill
Image:WP 20141114 008.jpg|Close up Kurt Bärbig Hall
Image:Traseu.jpg|
</gallery>

== What are the overall objectives of your design? What are the specific objectives for enhancing green infrastructure? ==

''Please give a short written argumentation (not more than 150 words). It is ok if you have different or even contradicting objectives within your group. Just make it explicit at the beginning of your process ''

The main objective of this project is to reactivate the abandoned factory that is an important architectural heritage of the city's architect from the 1920s, ''Kurt Bärbig''. The means of doing that are harnessing the high potential of being a landmark, giving functions of food production, education and pylon in Green Infrastructure strategy. The factory should be linked with important sites of the city and should bring more green in the grey industrial area. An important strategy for the developing of the factory is using the resources in a smart way through integrating GI technologies. We want to find ways of using all available resources(river, active factories) in a smart way, and integrating the project in the site context.

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing.''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Urban.jpg|Urban context, iconic places in the city and dynamic of public space use
Image:Arrangement_dresden.jpg|Activities/functions in the neighborhood
Image:Alottments_dresden.jpg|Alottments - urban
Image:Ana_river.jpg|Rivers/district system
Image:Ana3.jpg|District/projects
Image:site analysis dresden.jpg|sun path diagram & wind direction
Image:flood protection.jpg|Flood protection dams and reservoirs position
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes), of course with an emphasis on green infrastructure aspects. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing representing his/her individual ideas.''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|projective drawing 1
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|projective drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|projective drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|projective drawing 4
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==
''Please analyse the individual approaches presented so far and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses (you may use the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis SWOT]analysis model). Try to create a synthesis and represent it with a plan and some sketches. You can still use drawings/sketches.''

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|synthesis drawing 1
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|synthesis drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|synthesis drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|synthesis drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''Please reflect on your collaborative design process. Which potentials have you encountered? What was most difficult? What does collaborative design mean for you? (approx 150 words).''

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:WP 20141114 007.jpg|site photo 1
Image:WP 20141114 008.jpg|site photo 2
Image:WP 20141114 011.jpg|site photo 3
Image:WP 20141114 012.jpg|site photo 4
Image:WP 20141114 013.jpg|site photo 5
Image:WP 20141114 016.jpg|site photo 6
Image:WP 20141114 021.jpg|site photo 7
Image:WP 20141114 028.jpg|site photo 8
Image:WP 20141114 029.jpg|site photo 9
Image:WP 20141114 030.jpg|site photo 10
Image:WP 20141114 037.jpg|site photo 11
Image:WP 20141114 043.jpg|site photo 12
Image:WP 20141114 049.jpg|site photo 13
Image:WP 20141114 053.jpg|site photo 14
Image:WP 20141114 058.jpg|site photo 15
Image:WP 20141114 066.jpg|site photo 16
Image:WP 20141114 067.jpg|site photo 17
Image:WP 20141114 070.jpg|site photo 18
</gallery>

== References ==
''* Please make sure that you give proper references of all external resources used.''

''* Do not use images of which you do not hold the copyright.''

''* Please add internet links to other resources if necessary.''

*''E. and D. Despommier. 2008. The Vertical Farm – The origin of a 21st Century Architectural Typology. Ellingsen, Issue III. CTBUH Journal. pp. 26-34''
*'' G. Lupfer. B. Sterra. M. Wörner. J. Paul. C. W. Offermann. 1997. Architekturführer Dresden. Architectural Guide Dresden. Broschiert''
*''H. C. Schink; T. Richter. 1997. Industriearchitektur in Dresden. Deutscher Werkbund Sachsen, Leipzig''
*''http://www.luda-project.net/pdf/Dresden.pdf'', ''last accesed 18.11.2014''
*''http://www.luda-project.net/pdf/LUDA_D13_Dresden1.pdf'', ''last accesed 18.11.2014''
*''http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dresden'', ''last accesed 18.11.2014''
*''http://tu-dresden.de/die_tu_dresden/fakultaeten/fakultaet_architektur/ibad/denkmalpflege/studienarbeiten/ws_11_12'', ''last accesed 18.11.2014''
*''http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/06/06/europe-floods-reach-dresden_n_3396105.html'', ''last accesed 18.11.2014''
*''http://www.hochwasserlehrpfad-dresden.de/downloads/FT-Report_en.pdf'', ''last accesed 18.11.2014''
*''http://www.fao.org/giahs/giahs-sites/middle-east-and-central-asia/qanat-irrigation-systems-and-homegardens-iran/detailed-information/en/'', ''last accesed 19.11.2014''
*''http://inhabitat.com/case-and-soms-amps-living-green-wall-promises-to-reduce-air-pollution-and-energy-costs/'', ''last accesed 19.11.2014''
*''http://www.lavasa.com/'', ''last accesed 19.11.2014''
*''http://www.interpublic.com/about/sustainability?work_id=2290&casename=Draftfcb+Designs+Billboard+that+Produces+Drinking+Water'', ''last accesed 19.11.2014''
*''http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosco_Verticale'', ''last accesed 19.11.2014''
*''http://www.archdaily.com/585254/vincent-callebaut-s-2050-parisian-vision-of-a-smart-city/'',''last accesed 12.01.2015''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Collaborative Design]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

File:Ana3.jpg

2015-01-14T23:06:56Z

Lilikji:

Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group A

2015-01-14T23:00:56Z

Lilikji: /* Analytical drawings */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_A|working group A]]

'''''Kurt Bärbig Hall'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Kurt Bärbig Hall''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Germany''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Dresden''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Radu Mircea Giurgiu''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:WP 20141114 030.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=51.039058
|lng=13.708018
|zoom=14
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''
*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

=== Dresden ===
(German pronunciation: [ˈdʁeːsdən]; Upper Sorbian: Drježdźany) is the capital city[2] of the Free State of Saxony in Germany. It is situated in a valley on the River Elbe, near the Czech border. The Dresden conurbation is part of the Saxon Triangle metropolitan area with 2.4 million inhabitants.[3]

Dresden has a long history as the capital and royal residence for the Electors and Kings of Saxony, who for centuries furnished the city with cultural and artistic splendor. The city was known as the Jewel Box, because of its baroque and rococo city center. The controversial British and American bombing of Dresden in World War II towards the end of the war killed approximately 25,000, many of whom were civilians, and destroyed the entire city center. The bombing gutted the city, as it did for other major German cities. After the war restoration work has helped to reconstruct parts of the historic inner city, including the Katholische Hofkirche, the Semper Oper and the Dresdner Frauenkirche as well as the suburbs.

Before and since German reunification in 1990, Dresden was and is a cultural, educational, political and economic center of Germany and Europe. The Dresden University of Technology is one of the 10 largest universities in Germany and part of the German Universities Excellence Initiative.' (Wikipedia

'''Dresden is one of the greenest cities in all of Europe, with 63% of the city being green areas and forests''' (Wikipedia)

Having this reputation the contrast of the small industrial area in the west part of the city strikes one as a strong contrast and give a sence of alteration in the urban canvas of the capital of Saxony.

=== Site Location ===

*Architect: ''Kurt Bärbig''
*Great Garage: ''Karl Schmidt''
*Construction period: ''1927-1930''
*Vacancy: ''since 1991''
*Address: ''Fabrikstraße 13 01159 Dresden''
''51.039080, 13.707983''

''"The production buildings connected by a tunnel with a depot on the opposite side of the street has been designed as the first part of a not completed because of the world economic crisis the complex production of food (bakery, brewery, and distillery). The building consists of two six-story, one another at an obtuse angle vanes arranged and an eight-story tower. The equipped with loading ramps, convex Hofseiten are straight and the concave road adaptive front opposite. the framed by cornice window bands are street side led around by a five-story staircase, the street front on the formed by the two wing apex also extended. The system is designed according to principles Objectivity in disguise with red brick steel frame. It was changed after war damage and gutted in 1995."''
(G. Lupfer ''et.al.'' 1997)

=== Material: Red Brick ===

Sandstone, stone, plaster are known as typical facade materials in Saxony. Brick, brick, clinker is associated with North Germany, Hanseatic cities such as Lübeck and Hamburg. In the Saxon cities of Dresden, Leipzig and Chemnitz but there are several notable buildings, ensembles and settlements in the early decades of the 20th century, which are influenced by the material of clinker with its various ochers, reds, browns - a building material that can be considered more sustainable chances. (''Ehem. Fleischverarbeitungsbetrieb der Konsumgenossenschaft "Vorwärts" Gelungene Symbiose von Schönheit und Zweckdienlichkeit'' )

"As a result of an architectural competition to build a new meat factory in Dresden was built Löbtau. As part Nahmer the Bauhaus director Walter Gropius and the successful Dresdner Office Schilling and Gräbner also had lined up. (...)
Due to the consistency with which Bärbig designed by the great shape of the factory, he clearly approaches the ideals of dynamic architecture, whose protagonists in these years, Erich Mendelsohn belonged. Bärbig decreases with basic elements of dynamic functionalism terms of Mendelsohn's Schocken department store in Stuttgart.
The largely remained unknown architect is thus the author of a typical twenties and in the Saxon metropolis unusually consistent factory building. "(H.C. Schink and T. Richter. 1997).

=== Kurt Bärbig 1889 - 1968 ===

In 1923 he was appointed as the sole architect of Dresden in the German Academy for Urban. Bärbigs progressive, characterized by social aspects of urban and landscape design pays homage to the spirit of the times of objectivity, material relatedness and an effort to "Created time". Born in Dresden in 1889 architect who immigrated to Brazil in 1934 and came to the ruined city of the communist zone of Germany after 1945 back. In 1952, he was Head of freelance architects in the competition for the redesign of Dresden. In addition to Schneider and Rascher himself had e.g. Bärbig also involved in the competition for the new Market Square, but was eliminated at the first attempt.

=== Threatening problems===

''Flood:'' "Widespread across Saxony, the extreme flood of August 2002 led to massive damages, which could not be fully remedied to date. Besides reconstruction, numerous measures have been taken to provide for protection from future floods. Nevertheless, absolute security will never be guaranteed. Taking action responsibly in the regions at risk is an important key component of flood prevention." (''Flood Trail Elbe in the Region of Dresden'')

''Food Security:'' The floods or other climatic events can result in poor crop yields and threaten the food security of the city.

'' Lack of Green in Industrial Area:'' Although projects of GI techniques are planned on a long term, the industrial area is still dominated by big buildings, lack of green space, and an uninviting environment for the community and visitors

''History and Culture:'' The Food Production factory failed due to the World Economic Crisis from 1920, but the fact that is not now active with any function, may lead to losing the cultural heritage that the Architect Kurt Bärbig left behind.

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:WP 20141114 013.jpg| InfoPoster at the entrance in the Building
Image:99085585.jpg|Photo of the curved facade of the Building
Image:Plan-zu-massnahmen-und-proj.jpeg|Weißeritz Green Corridor Plan (''Flood protection in connection with urban renewal Dresden „Weißeritz urban development concept“'')
Image:WP 20141114 007.jpg|Perspectives towards the Factory in the industrial park
Image:WP 20141114 030.jpg|Perspectives towards the Factory from the City Park Powder Mill
Image:WP 20141114 008.jpg|Close up Kurt Bärbig Hall
Image:Traseu.jpg|
</gallery>

== What are the overall objectives of your design? What are the specific objectives for enhancing green infrastructure? ==

''Please give a short written argumentation (not more than 150 words). It is ok if you have different or even contradicting objectives within your group. Just make it explicit at the beginning of your process ''

The main objective of this project is to reactivate the abandoned factory that is an important architectural heritage of the city's architect from the 1920s, ''Kurt Bärbig''. The means of doing that are harnessing the high potential of being a landmark, giving functions of food production, education and pylon in Green Infrastructure strategy. The factory should be linked with important sites of the city and should bring more green in the grey industrial area. An important strategy for the developing of the factory is using the resources in a smart way through integrating GI technologies. We want to find ways of using all available resources(river, active factories) in a smart way, and integrating the project in the site context.

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing.''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Urban.jpg|Urban context, iconic places in the city and dynamic of public space use
Image:Arrangement_dresden.jpg|Activities/functions in the neighborhood
Image:Alottments_dresden.jpg|Alottments - urban
Image:Ana_river.jpg|River/district system
Image:site analysis dresden.jpg|sun path diagram & wind direction
Image:flood protection.jpg|Flood protection dams and reservoirs position
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes), of course with an emphasis on green infrastructure aspects. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing representing his/her individual ideas.''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|projective drawing 1
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|projective drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|projective drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|projective drawing 4
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==
''Please analyse the individual approaches presented so far and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses (you may use the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis SWOT]analysis model). Try to create a synthesis and represent it with a plan and some sketches. You can still use drawings/sketches.''

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|synthesis drawing 1
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|synthesis drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|synthesis drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|synthesis drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''Please reflect on your collaborative design process. Which potentials have you encountered? What was most difficult? What does collaborative design mean for you? (approx 150 words).''

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:WP 20141114 007.jpg|site photo 1
Image:WP 20141114 008.jpg|site photo 2
Image:WP 20141114 011.jpg|site photo 3
Image:WP 20141114 012.jpg|site photo 4
Image:WP 20141114 013.jpg|site photo 5
Image:WP 20141114 016.jpg|site photo 6
Image:WP 20141114 021.jpg|site photo 7
Image:WP 20141114 028.jpg|site photo 8
Image:WP 20141114 029.jpg|site photo 9
Image:WP 20141114 030.jpg|site photo 10
Image:WP 20141114 037.jpg|site photo 11
Image:WP 20141114 043.jpg|site photo 12
Image:WP 20141114 049.jpg|site photo 13
Image:WP 20141114 053.jpg|site photo 14
Image:WP 20141114 058.jpg|site photo 15
Image:WP 20141114 066.jpg|site photo 16
Image:WP 20141114 067.jpg|site photo 17
Image:WP 20141114 070.jpg|site photo 18
</gallery>

== References ==
''* Please make sure that you give proper references of all external resources used.''

''* Do not use images of which you do not hold the copyright.''

''* Please add internet links to other resources if necessary.''

*''E. and D. Despommier. 2008. The Vertical Farm – The origin of a 21st Century Architectural Typology. Ellingsen, Issue III. CTBUH Journal. pp. 26-34''
*'' G. Lupfer. B. Sterra. M. Wörner. J. Paul. C. W. Offermann. 1997. Architekturführer Dresden. Architectural Guide Dresden. Broschiert''
*''H. C. Schink; T. Richter. 1997. Industriearchitektur in Dresden. Deutscher Werkbund Sachsen, Leipzig''
*''http://www.luda-project.net/pdf/Dresden.pdf'', ''last accesed 18.11.2014''
*''http://www.luda-project.net/pdf/LUDA_D13_Dresden1.pdf'', ''last accesed 18.11.2014''
*''http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dresden'', ''last accesed 18.11.2014''
*''http://tu-dresden.de/die_tu_dresden/fakultaeten/fakultaet_architektur/ibad/denkmalpflege/studienarbeiten/ws_11_12'', ''last accesed 18.11.2014''
*''http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/06/06/europe-floods-reach-dresden_n_3396105.html'', ''last accesed 18.11.2014''
*''http://www.hochwasserlehrpfad-dresden.de/downloads/FT-Report_en.pdf'', ''last accesed 18.11.2014''
*''http://www.fao.org/giahs/giahs-sites/middle-east-and-central-asia/qanat-irrigation-systems-and-homegardens-iran/detailed-information/en/'', ''last accesed 19.11.2014''
*''http://inhabitat.com/case-and-soms-amps-living-green-wall-promises-to-reduce-air-pollution-and-energy-costs/'', ''last accesed 19.11.2014''
*''http://www.lavasa.com/'', ''last accesed 19.11.2014''
*''http://www.interpublic.com/about/sustainability?work_id=2290&casename=Draftfcb+Designs+Billboard+that+Produces+Drinking+Water'', ''last accesed 19.11.2014''
*''http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosco_Verticale'', ''last accesed 19.11.2014''
*''http://www.archdaily.com/585254/vincent-callebaut-s-2050-parisian-vision-of-a-smart-city/'',''last accesed 12.01.2015''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Collaborative Design]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

File:Ana river.jpg

2015-01-14T22:58:28Z

Lilikji:

Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group A

2015-01-11T20:51:59Z

Lilikji: /* Analytical drawings */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_A|working group A]]

'''''Kurt Bärbig Hall'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Kurt Bärbig Hall''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Germany''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Dresden''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Radu Mircea Giurgiu''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:WP 20141114 030.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=51.039058
|lng=13.708018
|zoom=14
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''
*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

=== Dresden ===
(German pronunciation: [ˈdʁeːsdən]; Upper Sorbian: Drježdźany) is the capital city[2] of the Free State of Saxony in Germany. It is situated in a valley on the River Elbe, near the Czech border. The Dresden conurbation is part of the Saxon Triangle metropolitan area with 2.4 million inhabitants.[3]

Dresden has a long history as the capital and royal residence for the Electors and Kings of Saxony, who for centuries furnished the city with cultural and artistic splendor. The city was known as the Jewel Box, because of its baroque and rococo city center. The controversial British and American bombing of Dresden in World War II towards the end of the war killed approximately 25,000, many of whom were civilians, and destroyed the entire city center. The bombing gutted the city, as it did for other major German cities. After the war restoration work has helped to reconstruct parts of the historic inner city, including the Katholische Hofkirche, the Semper Oper and the Dresdner Frauenkirche as well as the suburbs.

Before and since German reunification in 1990, Dresden was and is a cultural, educational, political and economic center of Germany and Europe. The Dresden University of Technology is one of the 10 largest universities in Germany and part of the German Universities Excellence Initiative.' (Wikipedia

'''Dresden is one of the greenest cities in all of Europe, with 63% of the city being green areas and forests''' (Wikipedia)

Having this reputation the contrast of the small industrial area in the west part of the city strikes one as a strong contrast and give a sence of alteration in the urban canvas of the capital of Saxony.

=== Site Location ===

*Architect: ''Kurt Bärbig''
*Great Garage: ''Karl Schmidt''
*Construction period: ''1927-1930''
*Vacancy: ''since 1991''
*Address: ''Fabrikstraße 13 01159 Dresden''
''51.039080, 13.707983''

''"The production buildings connected by a tunnel with a depot on the opposite side of the street has been designed as the first part of a not completed because of the world economic crisis the complex production of food (bakery, brewery, and distillery). The building consists of two six-story, one another at an obtuse angle vanes arranged and an eight-story tower. The equipped with loading ramps, convex Hofseiten are straight and the concave road adaptive front opposite. the framed by cornice window bands are street side led around by a five-story staircase, the street front on the formed by the two wing apex also extended. The system is designed according to principles Objectivity in disguise with red brick steel frame. It was changed after war damage and gutted in 1995."''
(G. Lupfer ''et.al.'' 1997)

=== Material: Red Brick ===

Sandstone, stone, plaster are known as typical facade materials in Saxony. Brick, brick, clinker is associated with North Germany, Hanseatic cities such as Lübeck and Hamburg. In the Saxon cities of Dresden, Leipzig and Chemnitz but there are several notable buildings, ensembles and settlements in the early decades of the 20th century, which are influenced by the material of clinker with its various ochers, reds, browns - a building material that can be considered more sustainable chances. (''Ehem. Fleischverarbeitungsbetrieb der Konsumgenossenschaft "Vorwärts" Gelungene Symbiose von Schönheit und Zweckdienlichkeit'' )

"As a result of an architectural competition to build a new meat factory in Dresden was built Löbtau. As part Nahmer the Bauhaus director Walter Gropius and the successful Dresdner Office Schilling and Gräbner also had lined up. (...)
Due to the consistency with which Bärbig designed by the great shape of the factory, he clearly approaches the ideals of dynamic architecture, whose protagonists in these years, Erich Mendelsohn belonged. Bärbig decreases with basic elements of dynamic functionalism terms of Mendelsohn's Schocken department store in Stuttgart.
The largely remained unknown architect is thus the author of a typical twenties and in the Saxon metropolis unusually consistent factory building. "(H.C. Schink and T. Richter. 1997).

=== Kurt Bärbig 1889 - 1968 ===

In 1923 he was appointed as the sole architect of Dresden in the German Academy for Urban. Bärbigs progressive, characterized by social aspects of urban and landscape design pays homage to the spirit of the times of objectivity, material relatedness and an effort to "Created time". Born in Dresden in 1889 architect who immigrated to Brazil in 1934 and came to the ruined city of the communist zone of Germany after 1945 back. In 1952, he was Head of freelance architects in the competition for the redesign of Dresden. In addition to Schneider and Rascher himself had e.g. Bärbig also involved in the competition for the new Market Square, but was eliminated at the first attempt.

=== Threatening problems===

''Flood:'' "Widespread across Saxony, the extreme flood of August 2002 led to massive damages, which could not be fully remedied to date. Besides reconstruction, numerous measures have been taken to provide for protection from future floods. Nevertheless, absolute security will never be guaranteed. Taking action responsibly in the regions at risk is an important key component of flood prevention." (''Flood Trail Elbe in the Region of Dresden'')

''Food Security:'' The floods or other climatic events can result in poor crop yields and threaten the food security of the city.

'' Lack of Green in Industrial Area:'' Although projects of GI techniques are planned on a long term, the industrial area is still dominated by big buildings, lack of green space, and an uninviting environment for the community and visitors

''History and Culture:'' The Food Production factory failed due to the World Economic Crisis from 1920, but the fact that is not now active with any function, may lead to losing the cultural heritage that the Architect Kurt Bärbig left behind.

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:WP 20141114 013.jpg| InfoPoster at the entrance in the Building
Image:99085585.jpg|Photo of the curved facade of the Building
Image:Plan-zu-massnahmen-und-proj.jpeg|Weißeritz Green Corridor Plan (''Flood protection in connection with urban renewal Dresden „Weißeritz urban development concept“'')
Image:WP 20141114 007.jpg|Perspectives towards the Factory in the industrial park
Image:WP 20141114 030.jpg|Perspectives towards the Factory from the City Park Powder Mill
Image:WP 20141114 008.jpg|Close up Kurt Bärbig Hall
Image:Traseu.jpg|
</gallery>

== What are the overall objectives of your design? What are the specific objectives for enhancing green infrastructure? ==

''Please give a short written argumentation (not more than 150 words). It is ok if you have different or even contradicting objectives within your group. Just make it explicit at the beginning of your process ''

The main objective of this project is to reactivate the abandoned factory that is an important architectural heritage of the city's architect from the 1920s, ''Kurt Bärbig''. The means of doing that are harnessing the high potential of being a landmark, giving functions of food production, education and pylon in Green Infrastructure strategy. The factory should be linked with important sites of the city and should bring more green in the grey industrial area. An important strategy for the developing of the factory is using the resources in a smart way through integrating GI technologies. We want to find ways of using all available resources(river, active factories) in a smart way, and integrating the project in the site context.

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing.''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Urban.jpg|Urban context, iconic places in the city and dynamic of public space use
Image:Arrangement_dresden.jpg|Activities/functions in the neighborhood
Image:Alottments_dresden.jpg|Alottments - urban
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|analytical drawing 4

</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes), of course with an emphasis on green infrastructure aspects. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing representing his/her individual ideas.''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|projective drawing 1
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|projective drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|projective drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|projective drawing 4
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==
''Please analyse the individual approaches presented so far and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses (you may use the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis SWOT]analysis model). Try to create a synthesis and represent it with a plan and some sketches. You can still use drawings/sketches.''

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|synthesis drawing 1
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|synthesis drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|synthesis drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|synthesis drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''Please reflect on your collaborative design process. Which potentials have you encountered? What was most difficult? What does collaborative design mean for you? (approx 150 words).''

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:WP 20141114 007.jpg|site photo 1
Image:WP 20141114 008.jpg|site photo 2
Image:WP 20141114 011.jpg|site photo 3
Image:WP 20141114 012.jpg|site photo 4
Image:WP 20141114 013.jpg|site photo 5
Image:WP 20141114 016.jpg|site photo 6
Image:WP 20141114 021.jpg|site photo 7
Image:WP 20141114 028.jpg|site photo 8
Image:WP 20141114 029.jpg|site photo 9
Image:WP 20141114 030.jpg|site photo 10
Image:WP 20141114 037.jpg|site photo 11
Image:WP 20141114 043.jpg|site photo 12
Image:WP 20141114 049.jpg|site photo 13
Image:WP 20141114 053.jpg|site photo 14
Image:WP 20141114 058.jpg|site photo 15
Image:WP 20141114 066.jpg|site photo 16
Image:WP 20141114 067.jpg|site photo 17
Image:WP 20141114 070.jpg|site photo 18
</gallery>

== References ==
''* Please make sure that you give proper references of all external resources used.''

''* Do not use images of which you do not hold the copyright.''

''* Please add internet links to other resources if necessary.''

*''E. and D. Despommier. 2008. The Vertical Farm – The origin of a 21st Century Architectural Typology. Ellingsen, Issue III. CTBUH Journal. pp. 26-34''
*'' G. Lupfer. B. Sterra. M. Wörner. J. Paul. C. W. Offermann. 1997. Architekturführer Dresden. Architectural Guide Dresden. Broschiert''
*''H. C. Schink; T. Richter. 1997. Industriearchitektur in Dresden. Deutscher Werkbund Sachsen, Leipzig''
*''http://www.luda-project.net/pdf/Dresden.pdf'', ''last accesed 18.11.2014''
*''http://www.luda-project.net/pdf/LUDA_D13_Dresden1.pdf'', ''last accesed 18.11.2014''
*''http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dresden'', ''last accesed 18.11.2014''
*''http://tu-dresden.de/die_tu_dresden/fakultaeten/fakultaet_architektur/ibad/denkmalpflege/studienarbeiten/ws_11_12'', ''last accesed 18.11.2014''
*''http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/06/06/europe-floods-reach-dresden_n_3396105.html'', ''last accesed 18.11.2014''
*''http://www.hochwasserlehrpfad-dresden.de/downloads/FT-Report_en.pdf'', ''last accesed 18.11.2014''
*''http://www.fao.org/giahs/giahs-sites/middle-east-and-central-asia/qanat-irrigation-systems-and-homegardens-iran/detailed-information/en/'', ''last accesed 19.11.2014''
*''http://inhabitat.com/case-and-soms-amps-living-green-wall-promises-to-reduce-air-pollution-and-energy-costs/'', ''last accesed 19.11.2014''
*''http://www.lavasa.com/'', ''last accesed 19.11.2014''
*''http://www.interpublic.com/about/sustainability?work_id=2290&casename=Draftfcb+Designs+Billboard+that+Produces+Drinking+Water'', ''last accesed 19.11.2014''
*''http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosco_Verticale'', ''last accesed 19.11.2014

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Collaborative Design]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

File:Alottments dresden.jpg

2015-01-11T20:49:20Z

Lilikji:

File:Arrangement dresden.jpg

2015-01-11T20:48:05Z

Lilikji:

Green Infrastructure 2014 - Working Group A

2014-12-03T21:11:19Z

Lilikji: /* Presentation Slides Assignment 3 */

--> Back to [[Working_Groups_Seminar_Green_Infrastructure_2014|working group overview]]

''Dear working group members. This is your group page and you will be completing the template gradually as we move through the seminar. Each member has an individual page for documenting his/her personal case. You can also access your template for assignment 4 (the joint design) from here. Good luck and enjoy your collaboration!
''

== Assignment 2 - Lecture Concept Map ==
*''The list with the group distribution shows you which lecture your group is supposed to document in the concept map format.''
*''Please add your collaborative concept map here by replacing the dummy image. Your map needs to have a new file name:''

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Potential of Green Infrastructure.cmap.jpg|''Potential_of_Green_Infrastructure.cmap''
</gallery>

== Assignment 3 - Green infrastructure potential in your environment ==

*'''Assigned: Tuesday, October 28'''
*'''Due: Monday, December 1'''

''There is one template page for each group member. The case could be a specific site in direct vicinity or a larger area in your region. The objective is to identify structures that have the potential to become elements of a green infrastructure strategy. ''

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group A - Case Study 1|Ohrid Lake Case Study 1 ]] ===

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Group A - Case Study 2| Kurt Bärbig Hall Case Study 2]] ===

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Group A - Case Study 3|Development of CRB Hill and surroundings Case Study 3]] ===

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Group A - Case Study 4|Reviving old spine and river of Jerash]] ===

=== Presentation Slides Assignment 3 ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:ASlide2.JPG|slide 1
Image:ASlide3.JPG|slide 2
Image:ASlide4.JPG|slide 3
Image:ASlide5.JPG|slide 4
Image:ASlide6.JPG|slide 5
Image:ASlide7.JPG|slide 6
Image:ASlide8.JPG|slide 7
Image:ASlide9.JPG|slide 8
Image:ASlide10.JPG|slide 9

</gallery>

== Assignment 4 - Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design ==

*'''Assigned: Tuesday, December 2'''
*'''Due: Tuesday, January 26'''

==='''[[Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group A|Collaborative Design Working Group A]]'''===

=== Presentation Slides Collaborative Design ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:GI_yourgroupname_ass4_slide1.jpg|Analytical Drawings
Image:GI_yourgroupname_ass4_slide2.jpg|Projective Drawings
Image:GI_yourgroupname_ass4_slide3.jpg|Design Synthesis
</gallery>

----

[[Category: Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group]]

Green Infrastructure 2014 - Working Group A

2014-12-03T21:10:34Z

Lilikji: /* Presentation Slides Assignment 3 */

--> Back to [[Working_Groups_Seminar_Green_Infrastructure_2014|working group overview]]

''Dear working group members. This is your group page and you will be completing the template gradually as we move through the seminar. Each member has an individual page for documenting his/her personal case. You can also access your template for assignment 4 (the joint design) from here. Good luck and enjoy your collaboration!
''

== Assignment 2 - Lecture Concept Map ==
*''The list with the group distribution shows you which lecture your group is supposed to document in the concept map format.''
*''Please add your collaborative concept map here by replacing the dummy image. Your map needs to have a new file name:''

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Potential of Green Infrastructure.cmap.jpg|''Potential_of_Green_Infrastructure.cmap''
</gallery>

== Assignment 3 - Green infrastructure potential in your environment ==

*'''Assigned: Tuesday, October 28'''
*'''Due: Monday, December 1'''

''There is one template page for each group member. The case could be a specific site in direct vicinity or a larger area in your region. The objective is to identify structures that have the potential to become elements of a green infrastructure strategy. ''

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group A - Case Study 1|Ohrid Lake Case Study 1 ]] ===

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Group A - Case Study 2| Kurt Bärbig Hall Case Study 2]] ===

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Group A - Case Study 3|Development of CRB Hill and surroundings Case Study 3]] ===

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Group A - Case Study 4|Reviving old spine and river of Jerash]] ===

=== Presentation Slides Assignment 3 ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:ASlide2.JPG|slide 1
Image:ASlide3.JPG|slide 2
Image:ASlide4.JPG|slide 3
Image:ASlide5.JPG|slide 4
Image:ASlide6.JPG|slide 4
Image:ASlide7.JPG|slide 4
Image:ASlide8.JPG|slide 4
Image:ASlide9.JPG|slide 4
Image:ASlide10.JPG|slide 4

</gallery>

== Assignment 4 - Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design ==

*'''Assigned: Tuesday, December 2'''
*'''Due: Tuesday, January 26'''

==='''[[Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group A|Collaborative Design Working Group A]]'''===

=== Presentation Slides Collaborative Design ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:GI_yourgroupname_ass4_slide1.jpg|Analytical Drawings
Image:GI_yourgroupname_ass4_slide2.jpg|Projective Drawings
Image:GI_yourgroupname_ass4_slide3.jpg|Design Synthesis
</gallery>

----

[[Category: Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group]]

Green Infrastructure 2014 - Working Group A

2014-12-03T21:08:23Z

Lilikji: /* Presentation Slides Assignment 3 */

--> Back to [[Working_Groups_Seminar_Green_Infrastructure_2014|working group overview]]

''Dear working group members. This is your group page and you will be completing the template gradually as we move through the seminar. Each member has an individual page for documenting his/her personal case. You can also access your template for assignment 4 (the joint design) from here. Good luck and enjoy your collaboration!
''

== Assignment 2 - Lecture Concept Map ==
*''The list with the group distribution shows you which lecture your group is supposed to document in the concept map format.''
*''Please add your collaborative concept map here by replacing the dummy image. Your map needs to have a new file name:''

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Potential of Green Infrastructure.cmap.jpg|''Potential_of_Green_Infrastructure.cmap''
</gallery>

== Assignment 3 - Green infrastructure potential in your environment ==

*'''Assigned: Tuesday, October 28'''
*'''Due: Monday, December 1'''

''There is one template page for each group member. The case could be a specific site in direct vicinity or a larger area in your region. The objective is to identify structures that have the potential to become elements of a green infrastructure strategy. ''

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group A - Case Study 1|Ohrid Lake Case Study 1 ]] ===

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Group A - Case Study 2| Kurt Bärbig Hall Case Study 2]] ===

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Group A - Case Study 3|Development of CRB Hill and surroundings Case Study 3]] ===

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Group A - Case Study 4|Reviving old spine and river of Jerash]] ===

=== Presentation Slides Assignment 3 ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:ASlide2.jpeg|slide 1
Image:ASlide3.jpeg|slide 2
Image:ASlide4.jpeg|slide 3
Image:ASlide5.jpeg|slide 4
Image:ASlide6.jpeg|slide 4
Image:ASlide7.jpeg|slide 4
Image:ASlide8.jpeg|slide 4
Image:ASlide9.jpeg|slide 4
Image:ASlide10.jpeg|slide 4

</gallery>

== Assignment 4 - Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design ==

*'''Assigned: Tuesday, December 2'''
*'''Due: Tuesday, January 26'''

==='''[[Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group A|Collaborative Design Working Group A]]'''===

=== Presentation Slides Collaborative Design ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:GI_yourgroupname_ass4_slide1.jpg|Analytical Drawings
Image:GI_yourgroupname_ass4_slide2.jpg|Projective Drawings
Image:GI_yourgroupname_ass4_slide3.jpg|Design Synthesis
</gallery>

----

[[Category: Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group]]

Green Infrastructure 2014 - Working Group A

2014-12-03T21:07:23Z

Lilikji: /* Presentation Slides Assignment 3 */

--> Back to [[Working_Groups_Seminar_Green_Infrastructure_2014|working group overview]]

''Dear working group members. This is your group page and you will be completing the template gradually as we move through the seminar. Each member has an individual page for documenting his/her personal case. You can also access your template for assignment 4 (the joint design) from here. Good luck and enjoy your collaboration!
''

== Assignment 2 - Lecture Concept Map ==
*''The list with the group distribution shows you which lecture your group is supposed to document in the concept map format.''
*''Please add your collaborative concept map here by replacing the dummy image. Your map needs to have a new file name:''

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Potential of Green Infrastructure.cmap.jpg|''Potential_of_Green_Infrastructure.cmap''
</gallery>

== Assignment 3 - Green infrastructure potential in your environment ==

*'''Assigned: Tuesday, October 28'''
*'''Due: Monday, December 1'''

''There is one template page for each group member. The case could be a specific site in direct vicinity or a larger area in your region. The objective is to identify structures that have the potential to become elements of a green infrastructure strategy. ''

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group A - Case Study 1|Ohrid Lake Case Study 1 ]] ===

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Group A - Case Study 2| Kurt Bärbig Hall Case Study 2]] ===

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Group A - Case Study 3|Development of CRB Hill and surroundings Case Study 3]] ===

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Group A - Case Study 4|Reviving old spine and river of Jerash]] ===

=== Presentation Slides Assignment 3 ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:ASlide2.jpg|slide 1
Image:ASlide3.jpg|slide 2
Image:ASlide4.jpg|slide 3
Image:ASlide5.jpg|slide 4
Image:ASlide6.jpg|slide 4
Image:ASlide7.jpg|slide 4
Image:ASlide8.jpg|slide 4
Image:ASlide9.jpg|slide 4
Image:ASlide10.jpg|slide 4

</gallery>

== Assignment 4 - Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design ==

*'''Assigned: Tuesday, December 2'''
*'''Due: Tuesday, January 26'''

==='''[[Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group A|Collaborative Design Working Group A]]'''===

=== Presentation Slides Collaborative Design ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:GI_yourgroupname_ass4_slide1.jpg|Analytical Drawings
Image:GI_yourgroupname_ass4_slide2.jpg|Projective Drawings
Image:GI_yourgroupname_ass4_slide3.jpg|Design Synthesis
</gallery>

----

[[Category: Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group]]

File:ASlide10.JPG

2014-12-03T21:05:27Z

Lilikji: Lilikji uploaded a new version of "File:ASlide10.JPG"

File:ASlide10.JPG

2014-12-03T20:59:24Z

Lilikji:

File:ASlide9.JPG

2014-12-03T20:59:05Z

Lilikji:

File:ASlide8.JPG

2014-12-03T20:58:50Z

Lilikji:

File:ASlide7.JPG

2014-12-03T20:58:36Z

Lilikji:

File:ASlide6.JPG

2014-12-03T20:58:19Z

Lilikji:

File:ASlide5.JPG

2014-12-03T20:58:03Z

Lilikji:

File:ASlide4.JPG

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Lilikji:

File:ASlide3.JPG

2014-12-03T20:57:30Z

Lilikji:

File:ASlide2.JPG

2014-12-03T20:56:19Z

Lilikji:

Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group A - Case Study 1

2014-12-03T20:47:25Z

Lilikji: /* Analytical drawings */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_A|working group A]]

'''''Ohrid Lake'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Ohrid Lake''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Macedonia''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ohrid''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ivana Lilikj''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Ohrid Canal Biljana Springs.jpeg |300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=41° 2' 50.1108
|lng=20° 42' 52.9992
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

Ohrid Lake is one of the oldest in Europe - around 1 million years, with endemic species that count 200. It is protected by UNESCO since 1979, and in 2014 was added to the UNESCO's World Network of Biosphere Reserves Ohrid-Prespa Transboundary Reserve between Albania and Macedonia, where the Lake resides in the mountainous region.
The unique aquatic eco-system is endangered by the both countries with mechanical and chemical-industrial pollution brought by the numerous rivers and springs flowing into the Lake, illegal fishing, land consumption combined with low environmental awareness and careless attitude of the people.
The selected area contains a space where springs enter the Lake, forming sort of canal where the fish called 'plasica'resides(very small endemic fish Alburnus alburnus alborella) combined with a wetlands-swamp-meadow system that is the 'lungs' of the lake containing large bio-diversity of flora and fauna. It is very endangered with the current(2014) urban plan that the Municipality gave, predicting hotel resorts and huge marina, to the already 25ha(out of which 15 under strong protection) of land crying for revitalization. There was a planned investment by German investor, but due to the recent changes, this has been canceled.
The canal is used for recreation and as a temporary marina. This area is with a high frequency of tourist, many bars and beaches, thus vehicles and many water boats.

== Author's perspective ==

I have Bachelor of Science in Architecture and currently enrolled to International Master of Landscape Architecture. I was born in Ohrid, and grew on the shore of the Ohrid Lake for 19 years. The Lake is an inevitable part of my life. I have always wanted to understand how this beautiful piece of nature operates, and at this point with the current challenges, maybe come up with something that can aid its existence. Perhaps come up with some new provocative solution for the people, and some eco-friendly solution for the bio-system. Lake Ohrid is one of the world’s natural reserves and is important to science because it has remained unchanged for a long time in the geological sense. This fact makes the lake an ideal laboratory for the discovery of many secrets concerning the appearance and development of life on Earth. Irresponsible behavior of land consumption driven only by financial interest and greed, could erase from this gem from our maps, that has been there with ages.

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''
*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

'''Size and placement'''

Lake Ohrid rightly deserves the name “Macedonia’s freshwater sea”. Not only for its warm water blue colour, which gains its intensity from the sky blue colour, but because of its size, this lake gives an impression of being a sea. It covers an area of 358 square kilometers and one gets an impression of being in front of a large bay of the sea as if a part had been uprooted of the sea’s breadth, and launched among high mountains 695 meters above sea level. On its northern shore the ancient city of Ohrid, rises above the lake like some colossal piece of scenery, located on a double hill with highest point at Samuel’s Fortress 800 m. above sea level.

The Lake is 30 km long, and its width varies from a maximum of 15 km, to an average of 11 km. Lake Ohrid has been found to be deepest 286 m., about 5 km from the shore, in the section between the fishing villages of Pestani and Trpejca. Its average depth is 151 m. The rare clarity of the water in Lake Ohrid whose translucency may reach down to depth of 22 meters, is due to numerous underwater springs all along the south and the east shores. Much of this water comes from Lake Prespa, which lies at a greater altitude and is also the outcome of a tectonic shift.

'''National park''' Right between ocean blue coloured waters of Lake Ohrid and Lake Prespa, mountain of Galicica is imposed with its towering limestone ridge. Due to its location, unusual natural beauty, scenery, aesthetic values, and exceptionally diverse and endemic flora and fauna, the Government of Republic of Macedonia has declared Galicica National Park in 1958. Galicica National Park encloses area of 25 000 ha. Lowest elevation in the park is Lake Ohrid (695m above sea level), next Lake Prespa (850m a.s.l.), and the highest point is the summit Magaro (2255m a.s.l.). South border of the National Park is also a national border with R. Albania, on the west the Park borders with the shoreline of Lake Ohrid. On the north, the border line passes through several landmarks, and connects both lakes. In addition to the extraordinary natural beauty and aesthetic values, Galicica is also a unique environment with well-preserved natural flora in several ecosystems. The flora in the National Park Galicica covers more than 800 species, among which there are numerous relict and endemic forms whose farthest limit of distribution is Mount Galicica itself.

'''Climate''' Owing of the influence of the Adriatic Sea, the Ohrid basin enjoys a modified Mediterranean varieties such as cypress, almond and fig trees. The whole valley and the surrounding mountains are situated in a basin where influences of several different climates those enjoyed by the Adriatic and Aegean coasts, the continental regions and the high mountains intermingle.

'''Flora and fauna''' With its unique flora and fauna the lake is one of the largest biological reserves in Europe. The earliest scientific studies, undertaken in the course of the 19th century, showed that, as one of the oldest lakes in the world, it has preserved primeval life - forms which no longer exist in other places or only exist as fossils. The fish in the lake are of particular significance. Lake Ohrid contains seventeen different species of fish belonging to the three groups: trout, white fish and eel.

Ten species of fish are endemic to Ohrid. The best - known are two kinds of trout, letnica (Salmo Letnica) and belvica(Acantholingua - Salmothymus ohridana), which are not to be found anywhere else. Besides eel, chub, carp and barbell there are also undermouth and moranec and a tiny fish called plasica, bleak (Alburnus alburnus alborella).

The endemic circular Ohrid sponge (ochridospongia rotunda) is one of the most interesting survivals in the lake. There are also other forms of sponge in the lake which are more widespread. The round Ohrid sponge however, has been compared by scientists only to sponges in the Lake of Tiberius in the Near East and in Lake Baikal. Tiberius and Baikal sponges are very ancient remains of a one - time living world in the Euro - Asian region which have been preserved up to the present day, each in its own lake habitat.

'''History and culture'''

In the treasury of European prehistory and history, Ohrid is a “live city” for 7500 years from which 2400 years is an urban capital on the coast of the magnificent Lake Ohrid. Continuous life has been present on the coast of the lake, where every epoch had its own particularities. Rapid urbanization in the recent 50 years, has brought a lot of concrete and 'contemporary' usage of land, that actually in this case meant drying wetlands to create soil for buildings. When it comes to the canal, it has been used much as recreational area in the last two decades, with sport fishing(when allowed depending from the very often changed legislation of fishing). Also, people parked their water boats, which with the years have became yachts thus bringing more pollution, unlike the older boats that used paddles to move . Also the residual old boats corrode there, likewise boat dump. The 'Biljana Springs' where the canal actually starts from are very often visited since there is a local legend connected to this. Biljana was a girl who used to wash the white sheets on the springs, but since she was sad cause the man she loved didn't love her she cried and made the canal. New bars and restaurants in the last 8 years have been open, and the area which was previously called 'Bafalo beach' surrounded with swamps because the people from the near villages from the mountain would go there to give water to their domestic animals, very non-prestigious area, is now core of commercial aggregation in terms of tourism.

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Geographical.jpg|Geographical
Image:Widecontext.jpg|Wider context
Image:Grey_green.jpg|Canal Green-Grey separator?
Image:Canalarea.jpg|Area of interest
Image:Northwest.jpg|Northwest view
Image:Arealview.jpg|Areal view southeast
Image:Blato.jpg|Trees in the wetlands
Image:Blato1.jpg|Blossoming reeds in swamp
Image:Staro_blato.jpg|The Hydro-biological Institute and the wetlands/canal(old)
Image:kanal.jpg|Pedestrian road next to canal
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Placement.jpeg|Placement
Image:Analysis-01.jpg|Circulation
Image:Wetlands.jpg|Area prevalence
Image:Topographyohrid.jpg|Topography
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''Look again at the multiple benefits of green infrastructure - what could be achieved in your site and which are most relevant?''

In the case of the wetlands and the canal, the most important benefit would be preserving and reintroducing ecological values of the land thus preservation of existing landscape. The revitalization of the bio-habitat and protection of the eco-system which is very fragile knowing the complexity of the food chain and habitat that swamps have, from micro to micro levels should be the core concern. Dragonflies, frogs, amphibians, birds, fish, other insects and animals together with many types of plants are forming habitat which also has a certain need of movement, which now is interrupted by asphalt roads and commercial activities. This leads that included the preservation of existing landscape, inevitable is the water management and connectivity of the ground/water, blue and green, water and soil.

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Green infrastructure has typically multiple functions. What could be achieved for your site in this respect?''

Water management should be the biggest benefit as for the complexity of attributes the site has.

Multifunctional is the key word.

A very fragile area placed between the regional road and the Ohrid lake, in a center of touristic aggregation.

It has an economical potential for strategic investment/interpretation.

Gives space for innovation in terms of design and technologies.

Improvement integration of natural and urban (green/grey).

Connectivity/circulation by diverse cycle routes, pedestrian and green bridges.

Irrigation systems for agricultural activities and flood prevention(the level of the lake sometimes rises so high) at very risky levels.

Re-naturalization of habitat by linking the ladscape with ecological values would abort further fragmentation of the land and provide new connectivity.

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''*

In 1-2 years I believe this can be done:

-cleaning the mechanical waste from the canal and the wetlands

-removing all the boats from the canal

-removing the present infrastructure

-plantations of new reed and other flora

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''*

-new plants will going to be grown much in height

-the reed from the lake and on the soil would reconnect

-new spontaneous water canals into the wetlands from the canal, thus better connectivity with the lake

-increased number of fauna and its movement

-big interest of visitors to the rehabilitated zone that would offer mupliply activities and qualities of function''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Projectiveswamp.jpg|Projection of wetlands restoring
Image:Sections_legend.jpg|Sections legend
Image:Promenade.jpg|Section AA
Image:Dolga_sekcija.jpg|Section BB
Image:Kanalsec.jpg|Section CC
Image:Plaza_sekcija.jpg|Section DD
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''The vision for my site is to restore the natural habitat, so that spontaneously and naturally flora and fauna movement would be provided. To support the eco-system which is in unbalanced by higher restrictions in legislation also. To propose new connectivity and accessibility which will be not so invasive like the present.. .All of this preserving the strong touristic and leisure potentials. Priority is the restoration of the swamp, but certainly enhancing the potentials for social and economical benefits. ''

== Image Gallery ==

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:reed.jpg|Vista
Image:reed2.jpg|Vista reed lake promenade
Image:Regionalroad.jpg|Regional road - only along the lake to Albania
Image:Cubalibre.jpg|Bar Cuba Libre Beach
Image:Kadmo.jpg|Kadmo Bar Beach
Image:Most.jpg|The only bridge over the canal
Image:Birdskadmo.jpg|Swans on the beach

Image:Biljanini.jpg|Restaurant at Biljana's spring
Image:Alburnus.jpg|Alburnus
</gallery>

== References ==

*[http://www.macedonium.org/Macedonium.aspx?jazik=2&kid=9&pid=33&ppid=278&tid=2136]Fish species
[http://www.unipi.it/index.php/tutte-le-news/item/4877-scoperta-la-vera-et%C3%A0-del-lago-pi%C3%B9-antico-deuropa]Lake age publication

http://www.hio.edu.mk/

http://www.balkanology.com/macedonia/article_ohrid.html

http://www.exploringmacedonia.com/ohrid.nspx

http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/99

http://www.macedonia.co.uk/client/index1.aspx?page=376

http://www.macedoniancities.com/history/ohrid.asp

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group A - Case Study 1

2014-12-03T20:46:48Z

Lilikji: /* Image Gallery */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_A|working group A]]

'''''Ohrid Lake'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Ohrid Lake''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Macedonia''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ohrid''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ivana Lilikj''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Ohrid Canal Biljana Springs.jpeg |300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=41° 2' 50.1108
|lng=20° 42' 52.9992
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

Ohrid Lake is one of the oldest in Europe - around 1 million years, with endemic species that count 200. It is protected by UNESCO since 1979, and in 2014 was added to the UNESCO's World Network of Biosphere Reserves Ohrid-Prespa Transboundary Reserve between Albania and Macedonia, where the Lake resides in the mountainous region.
The unique aquatic eco-system is endangered by the both countries with mechanical and chemical-industrial pollution brought by the numerous rivers and springs flowing into the Lake, illegal fishing, land consumption combined with low environmental awareness and careless attitude of the people.
The selected area contains a space where springs enter the Lake, forming sort of canal where the fish called 'plasica'resides(very small endemic fish Alburnus alburnus alborella) combined with a wetlands-swamp-meadow system that is the 'lungs' of the lake containing large bio-diversity of flora and fauna. It is very endangered with the current(2014) urban plan that the Municipality gave, predicting hotel resorts and huge marina, to the already 25ha(out of which 15 under strong protection) of land crying for revitalization. There was a planned investment by German investor, but due to the recent changes, this has been canceled.
The canal is used for recreation and as a temporary marina. This area is with a high frequency of tourist, many bars and beaches, thus vehicles and many water boats.

== Author's perspective ==

I have Bachelor of Science in Architecture and currently enrolled to International Master of Landscape Architecture. I was born in Ohrid, and grew on the shore of the Ohrid Lake for 19 years. The Lake is an inevitable part of my life. I have always wanted to understand how this beautiful piece of nature operates, and at this point with the current challenges, maybe come up with something that can aid its existence. Perhaps come up with some new provocative solution for the people, and some eco-friendly solution for the bio-system. Lake Ohrid is one of the world’s natural reserves and is important to science because it has remained unchanged for a long time in the geological sense. This fact makes the lake an ideal laboratory for the discovery of many secrets concerning the appearance and development of life on Earth. Irresponsible behavior of land consumption driven only by financial interest and greed, could erase from this gem from our maps, that has been there with ages.

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''
*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

'''Size and placement'''

Lake Ohrid rightly deserves the name “Macedonia’s freshwater sea”. Not only for its warm water blue colour, which gains its intensity from the sky blue colour, but because of its size, this lake gives an impression of being a sea. It covers an area of 358 square kilometers and one gets an impression of being in front of a large bay of the sea as if a part had been uprooted of the sea’s breadth, and launched among high mountains 695 meters above sea level. On its northern shore the ancient city of Ohrid, rises above the lake like some colossal piece of scenery, located on a double hill with highest point at Samuel’s Fortress 800 m. above sea level.

The Lake is 30 km long, and its width varies from a maximum of 15 km, to an average of 11 km. Lake Ohrid has been found to be deepest 286 m., about 5 km from the shore, in the section between the fishing villages of Pestani and Trpejca. Its average depth is 151 m. The rare clarity of the water in Lake Ohrid whose translucency may reach down to depth of 22 meters, is due to numerous underwater springs all along the south and the east shores. Much of this water comes from Lake Prespa, which lies at a greater altitude and is also the outcome of a tectonic shift.

'''National park''' Right between ocean blue coloured waters of Lake Ohrid and Lake Prespa, mountain of Galicica is imposed with its towering limestone ridge. Due to its location, unusual natural beauty, scenery, aesthetic values, and exceptionally diverse and endemic flora and fauna, the Government of Republic of Macedonia has declared Galicica National Park in 1958. Galicica National Park encloses area of 25 000 ha. Lowest elevation in the park is Lake Ohrid (695m above sea level), next Lake Prespa (850m a.s.l.), and the highest point is the summit Magaro (2255m a.s.l.). South border of the National Park is also a national border with R. Albania, on the west the Park borders with the shoreline of Lake Ohrid. On the north, the border line passes through several landmarks, and connects both lakes. In addition to the extraordinary natural beauty and aesthetic values, Galicica is also a unique environment with well-preserved natural flora in several ecosystems. The flora in the National Park Galicica covers more than 800 species, among which there are numerous relict and endemic forms whose farthest limit of distribution is Mount Galicica itself.

'''Climate''' Owing of the influence of the Adriatic Sea, the Ohrid basin enjoys a modified Mediterranean varieties such as cypress, almond and fig trees. The whole valley and the surrounding mountains are situated in a basin where influences of several different climates those enjoyed by the Adriatic and Aegean coasts, the continental regions and the high mountains intermingle.

'''Flora and fauna''' With its unique flora and fauna the lake is one of the largest biological reserves in Europe. The earliest scientific studies, undertaken in the course of the 19th century, showed that, as one of the oldest lakes in the world, it has preserved primeval life - forms which no longer exist in other places or only exist as fossils. The fish in the lake are of particular significance. Lake Ohrid contains seventeen different species of fish belonging to the three groups: trout, white fish and eel.

Ten species of fish are endemic to Ohrid. The best - known are two kinds of trout, letnica (Salmo Letnica) and belvica(Acantholingua - Salmothymus ohridana), which are not to be found anywhere else. Besides eel, chub, carp and barbell there are also undermouth and moranec and a tiny fish called plasica, bleak (Alburnus alburnus alborella).

The endemic circular Ohrid sponge (ochridospongia rotunda) is one of the most interesting survivals in the lake. There are also other forms of sponge in the lake which are more widespread. The round Ohrid sponge however, has been compared by scientists only to sponges in the Lake of Tiberius in the Near East and in Lake Baikal. Tiberius and Baikal sponges are very ancient remains of a one - time living world in the Euro - Asian region which have been preserved up to the present day, each in its own lake habitat.

'''History and culture'''

In the treasury of European prehistory and history, Ohrid is a “live city” for 7500 years from which 2400 years is an urban capital on the coast of the magnificent Lake Ohrid. Continuous life has been present on the coast of the lake, where every epoch had its own particularities. Rapid urbanization in the recent 50 years, has brought a lot of concrete and 'contemporary' usage of land, that actually in this case meant drying wetlands to create soil for buildings. When it comes to the canal, it has been used much as recreational area in the last two decades, with sport fishing(when allowed depending from the very often changed legislation of fishing). Also, people parked their water boats, which with the years have became yachts thus bringing more pollution, unlike the older boats that used paddles to move . Also the residual old boats corrode there, likewise boat dump. The 'Biljana Springs' where the canal actually starts from are very often visited since there is a local legend connected to this. Biljana was a girl who used to wash the white sheets on the springs, but since she was sad cause the man she loved didn't love her she cried and made the canal. New bars and restaurants in the last 8 years have been open, and the area which was previously called 'Bafalo beach' surrounded with swamps because the people from the near villages from the mountain would go there to give water to their domestic animals, very non-prestigious area, is now core of commercial aggregation in terms of tourism.

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Geographical.jpg|Geographical
Image:Widecontext.jpg|Wider context
Image:Grey_green.jpg|Canal Green-Grey separator?
Image:Canalarea.jpg|Area of interest
Image:Northwest.jpg|Northwest view
Image:Arealview.jpg|Areal view southeast
Image:Blato.jpg|Trees in the wetlands
Image:Blato1.jpg|Blossoming reeds in swamp
Image:Staro_blato.jpg|The Hydro-biological Institute and the wetlands/canal(old)
Image:kanal.jpg|Pedestrian road next to canal
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Placement.jpeg|Placement
Image:Analysis-01.jpg|Circulation
Image:Wetlands.jpg|Area prevalence
Image:Topographyohrid.jpg|Topography
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''Look again at the multiple benefits of green infrastructure - what could be achieved in your site and which are most relevant?''

In the case of the wetlands and the canal, the most important benefit would be preserving and reintroducing ecological values of the land thus preservation of existing landscape. The revitalization of the bio-habitat and protection of the eco-system which is very fragile knowing the complexity of the food chain and habitat that swamps have, from micro to micro levels should be the core concern. Dragonflies, frogs, amphibians, birds, fish, other insects and animals together with many types of plants are forming habitat which also has a certain need of movement, which now is interrupted by asphalt roads and commercial activities. This leads that included the preservation of existing landscape, inevitable is the water management and connectivity of the ground/water, blue and green, water and soil.

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Green infrastructure has typically multiple functions. What could be achieved for your site in this respect?''

Water management should be the biggest benefit as for the complexity of attributes the site has.

Multifunctional is the key word.

A very fragile area placed between the regional road and the Ohrid lake, in a center of touristic aggregation.

It has an economical potential for strategic investment/interpretation.

Gives space for innovation in terms of design and technologies.

Improvement integration of natural and urban (green/grey).

Connectivity/circulation by diverse cycle routes, pedestrian and green bridges.

Irrigation systems for agricultural activities and flood prevention(the level of the lake sometimes rises so high) at very risky levels.

Re-naturalization of habitat by linking the ladscape with ecological values would abort further fragmentation of the land and provide new connectivity.

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''*

In 1-2 years I believe this can be done:

-cleaning the mechanical waste from the canal and the wetlands

-removing all the boats from the canal

-removing the present infrastructure

-plantations of new reed and other flora

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''*

-new plants will going to be grown much in height

-the reed from the lake and on the soil would reconnect

-new spontaneous water canals into the wetlands from the canal, thus better connectivity with the lake

-increased number of fauna and its movement

-big interest of visitors to the rehabilitated zone that would offer mupliply activities and qualities of function''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Projectiveswamp.jpg|Projection of wetlands restoring
Image:Sections_legend.jpg|Sections legend
Image:Promenade.jpg|Section AA
Image:Dolga_sekcija.jpg|Section BB
Image:Kanalsec.jpg|Section CC
Image:Plaza_sekcija.jpg|Section DD
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''The vision for my site is to restore the natural habitat, so that spontaneously and naturally flora and fauna movement would be provided. To support the eco-system which is in unbalanced by higher restrictions in legislation also. To propose new connectivity and accessibility which will be not so invasive like the present.. .All of this preserving the strong touristic and leisure potentials. Priority is the restoration of the swamp, but certainly enhancing the potentials for social and economical benefits. ''

== Image Gallery ==

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:reed.jpg|Vista
Image:reed2.jpg|Vista reed lake promenade
Image:Regionalroad.jpg|Regional road - only along the lake to Albania
Image:Cubalibre.jpg|Bar Cuba Libre Beach
Image:Kadmo.jpg|Kadmo Bar Beach
Image:Most.jpg|The only bridge over the canal
Image:Birdskadmo.jpg|Swans on the beach

Image:Biljanini.jpg|Restaurant at Biljana's spring
Image:Alburnus.jpg|Alburnus
</gallery>

== References ==

*[http://www.macedonium.org/Macedonium.aspx?jazik=2&kid=9&pid=33&ppid=278&tid=2136]Fish species
[http://www.unipi.it/index.php/tutte-le-news/item/4877-scoperta-la-vera-et%C3%A0-del-lago-pi%C3%B9-antico-deuropa]Lake age publication

http://www.hio.edu.mk/

http://www.balkanology.com/macedonia/article_ohrid.html

http://www.exploringmacedonia.com/ohrid.nspx

http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/99

http://www.macedonia.co.uk/client/index1.aspx?page=376

http://www.macedoniancities.com/history/ohrid.asp

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group A - Case Study 1

2014-12-03T20:46:32Z

Lilikji: /* Summary and conclusion */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_A|working group A]]

'''''Ohrid Lake'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Ohrid Lake''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Macedonia''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ohrid''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ivana Lilikj''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Ohrid Canal Biljana Springs.jpeg |300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=41° 2' 50.1108
|lng=20° 42' 52.9992
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

Ohrid Lake is one of the oldest in Europe - around 1 million years, with endemic species that count 200. It is protected by UNESCO since 1979, and in 2014 was added to the UNESCO's World Network of Biosphere Reserves Ohrid-Prespa Transboundary Reserve between Albania and Macedonia, where the Lake resides in the mountainous region.
The unique aquatic eco-system is endangered by the both countries with mechanical and chemical-industrial pollution brought by the numerous rivers and springs flowing into the Lake, illegal fishing, land consumption combined with low environmental awareness and careless attitude of the people.
The selected area contains a space where springs enter the Lake, forming sort of canal where the fish called 'plasica'resides(very small endemic fish Alburnus alburnus alborella) combined with a wetlands-swamp-meadow system that is the 'lungs' of the lake containing large bio-diversity of flora and fauna. It is very endangered with the current(2014) urban plan that the Municipality gave, predicting hotel resorts and huge marina, to the already 25ha(out of which 15 under strong protection) of land crying for revitalization. There was a planned investment by German investor, but due to the recent changes, this has been canceled.
The canal is used for recreation and as a temporary marina. This area is with a high frequency of tourist, many bars and beaches, thus vehicles and many water boats.

== Author's perspective ==

I have Bachelor of Science in Architecture and currently enrolled to International Master of Landscape Architecture. I was born in Ohrid, and grew on the shore of the Ohrid Lake for 19 years. The Lake is an inevitable part of my life. I have always wanted to understand how this beautiful piece of nature operates, and at this point with the current challenges, maybe come up with something that can aid its existence. Perhaps come up with some new provocative solution for the people, and some eco-friendly solution for the bio-system. Lake Ohrid is one of the world’s natural reserves and is important to science because it has remained unchanged for a long time in the geological sense. This fact makes the lake an ideal laboratory for the discovery of many secrets concerning the appearance and development of life on Earth. Irresponsible behavior of land consumption driven only by financial interest and greed, could erase from this gem from our maps, that has been there with ages.

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''
*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

'''Size and placement'''

Lake Ohrid rightly deserves the name “Macedonia’s freshwater sea”. Not only for its warm water blue colour, which gains its intensity from the sky blue colour, but because of its size, this lake gives an impression of being a sea. It covers an area of 358 square kilometers and one gets an impression of being in front of a large bay of the sea as if a part had been uprooted of the sea’s breadth, and launched among high mountains 695 meters above sea level. On its northern shore the ancient city of Ohrid, rises above the lake like some colossal piece of scenery, located on a double hill with highest point at Samuel’s Fortress 800 m. above sea level.

The Lake is 30 km long, and its width varies from a maximum of 15 km, to an average of 11 km. Lake Ohrid has been found to be deepest 286 m., about 5 km from the shore, in the section between the fishing villages of Pestani and Trpejca. Its average depth is 151 m. The rare clarity of the water in Lake Ohrid whose translucency may reach down to depth of 22 meters, is due to numerous underwater springs all along the south and the east shores. Much of this water comes from Lake Prespa, which lies at a greater altitude and is also the outcome of a tectonic shift.

'''National park''' Right between ocean blue coloured waters of Lake Ohrid and Lake Prespa, mountain of Galicica is imposed with its towering limestone ridge. Due to its location, unusual natural beauty, scenery, aesthetic values, and exceptionally diverse and endemic flora and fauna, the Government of Republic of Macedonia has declared Galicica National Park in 1958. Galicica National Park encloses area of 25 000 ha. Lowest elevation in the park is Lake Ohrid (695m above sea level), next Lake Prespa (850m a.s.l.), and the highest point is the summit Magaro (2255m a.s.l.). South border of the National Park is also a national border with R. Albania, on the west the Park borders with the shoreline of Lake Ohrid. On the north, the border line passes through several landmarks, and connects both lakes. In addition to the extraordinary natural beauty and aesthetic values, Galicica is also a unique environment with well-preserved natural flora in several ecosystems. The flora in the National Park Galicica covers more than 800 species, among which there are numerous relict and endemic forms whose farthest limit of distribution is Mount Galicica itself.

'''Climate''' Owing of the influence of the Adriatic Sea, the Ohrid basin enjoys a modified Mediterranean varieties such as cypress, almond and fig trees. The whole valley and the surrounding mountains are situated in a basin where influences of several different climates those enjoyed by the Adriatic and Aegean coasts, the continental regions and the high mountains intermingle.

'''Flora and fauna''' With its unique flora and fauna the lake is one of the largest biological reserves in Europe. The earliest scientific studies, undertaken in the course of the 19th century, showed that, as one of the oldest lakes in the world, it has preserved primeval life - forms which no longer exist in other places or only exist as fossils. The fish in the lake are of particular significance. Lake Ohrid contains seventeen different species of fish belonging to the three groups: trout, white fish and eel.

Ten species of fish are endemic to Ohrid. The best - known are two kinds of trout, letnica (Salmo Letnica) and belvica(Acantholingua - Salmothymus ohridana), which are not to be found anywhere else. Besides eel, chub, carp and barbell there are also undermouth and moranec and a tiny fish called plasica, bleak (Alburnus alburnus alborella).

The endemic circular Ohrid sponge (ochridospongia rotunda) is one of the most interesting survivals in the lake. There are also other forms of sponge in the lake which are more widespread. The round Ohrid sponge however, has been compared by scientists only to sponges in the Lake of Tiberius in the Near East and in Lake Baikal. Tiberius and Baikal sponges are very ancient remains of a one - time living world in the Euro - Asian region which have been preserved up to the present day, each in its own lake habitat.

'''History and culture'''

In the treasury of European prehistory and history, Ohrid is a “live city” for 7500 years from which 2400 years is an urban capital on the coast of the magnificent Lake Ohrid. Continuous life has been present on the coast of the lake, where every epoch had its own particularities. Rapid urbanization in the recent 50 years, has brought a lot of concrete and 'contemporary' usage of land, that actually in this case meant drying wetlands to create soil for buildings. When it comes to the canal, it has been used much as recreational area in the last two decades, with sport fishing(when allowed depending from the very often changed legislation of fishing). Also, people parked their water boats, which with the years have became yachts thus bringing more pollution, unlike the older boats that used paddles to move . Also the residual old boats corrode there, likewise boat dump. The 'Biljana Springs' where the canal actually starts from are very often visited since there is a local legend connected to this. Biljana was a girl who used to wash the white sheets on the springs, but since she was sad cause the man she loved didn't love her she cried and made the canal. New bars and restaurants in the last 8 years have been open, and the area which was previously called 'Bafalo beach' surrounded with swamps because the people from the near villages from the mountain would go there to give water to their domestic animals, very non-prestigious area, is now core of commercial aggregation in terms of tourism.

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Geographical.jpg|Geographical
Image:Widecontext.jpg|Wider context
Image:Grey_green.jpg|Canal Green-Grey separator?
Image:Canalarea.jpg|Area of interest
Image:Northwest.jpg|Northwest view
Image:Arealview.jpg|Areal view southeast
Image:Blato.jpg|Trees in the wetlands
Image:Blato1.jpg|Blossoming reeds in swamp
Image:Staro_blato.jpg|The Hydro-biological Institute and the wetlands/canal(old)
Image:kanal.jpg|Pedestrian road next to canal
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Placement.jpeg|Placement
Image:Analysis-01.jpg|Circulation
Image:Wetlands.jpg|Area prevalence
Image:Topographyohrid.jpg|Topography
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''Look again at the multiple benefits of green infrastructure - what could be achieved in your site and which are most relevant?''

In the case of the wetlands and the canal, the most important benefit would be preserving and reintroducing ecological values of the land thus preservation of existing landscape. The revitalization of the bio-habitat and protection of the eco-system which is very fragile knowing the complexity of the food chain and habitat that swamps have, from micro to micro levels should be the core concern. Dragonflies, frogs, amphibians, birds, fish, other insects and animals together with many types of plants are forming habitat which also has a certain need of movement, which now is interrupted by asphalt roads and commercial activities. This leads that included the preservation of existing landscape, inevitable is the water management and connectivity of the ground/water, blue and green, water and soil.

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Green infrastructure has typically multiple functions. What could be achieved for your site in this respect?''

Water management should be the biggest benefit as for the complexity of attributes the site has.

Multifunctional is the key word.

A very fragile area placed between the regional road and the Ohrid lake, in a center of touristic aggregation.

It has an economical potential for strategic investment/interpretation.

Gives space for innovation in terms of design and technologies.

Improvement integration of natural and urban (green/grey).

Connectivity/circulation by diverse cycle routes, pedestrian and green bridges.

Irrigation systems for agricultural activities and flood prevention(the level of the lake sometimes rises so high) at very risky levels.

Re-naturalization of habitat by linking the ladscape with ecological values would abort further fragmentation of the land and provide new connectivity.

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''*

In 1-2 years I believe this can be done:

-cleaning the mechanical waste from the canal and the wetlands

-removing all the boats from the canal

-removing the present infrastructure

-plantations of new reed and other flora

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''*

-new plants will going to be grown much in height

-the reed from the lake and on the soil would reconnect

-new spontaneous water canals into the wetlands from the canal, thus better connectivity with the lake

-increased number of fauna and its movement

-big interest of visitors to the rehabilitated zone that would offer mupliply activities and qualities of function''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Projectiveswamp.jpg|Projection of wetlands restoring
Image:Sections_legend.jpg|Sections legend
Image:Promenade.jpg|Section AA
Image:Dolga_sekcija.jpg|Section BB
Image:Kanalsec.jpg|Section CC
Image:Plaza_sekcija.jpg|Section DD
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''The vision for my site is to restore the natural habitat, so that spontaneously and naturally flora and fauna movement would be provided. To support the eco-system which is in unbalanced by higher restrictions in legislation also. To propose new connectivity and accessibility which will be not so invasive like the present.. .All of this preserving the strong touristic and leisure potentials. Priority is the restoration of the swamp, but certainly enhancing the potentials for social and economical benefits. ''

== Image Gallery ==
''Please add further images/photos here''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:reed.jpg|Vista
Image:reed2.jpg|Vista reed lake promenade
Image:Regionalroad.jpg|Regional road - only along the lake to Albania
Image:Cubalibre.jpg|Bar Cuba Libre Beach
Image:Kadmo.jpg|Kadmo Bar Beach
Image:Most.jpg|The only bridge over the canal
Image:Birdskadmo.jpg|Swans on the beach

Image:Biljanini.jpg|Restaurant at Biljana's spring
Image:Alburnus.jpg|Alburnus
</gallery>

== References ==

*[http://www.macedonium.org/Macedonium.aspx?jazik=2&kid=9&pid=33&ppid=278&tid=2136]Fish species
[http://www.unipi.it/index.php/tutte-le-news/item/4877-scoperta-la-vera-et%C3%A0-del-lago-pi%C3%B9-antico-deuropa]Lake age publication

http://www.hio.edu.mk/

http://www.balkanology.com/macedonia/article_ohrid.html

http://www.exploringmacedonia.com/ohrid.nspx

http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/99

http://www.macedonia.co.uk/client/index1.aspx?page=376

http://www.macedoniancities.com/history/ohrid.asp

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group A - Case Study 1

2014-12-03T20:30:00Z

Lilikji: /* Projective drawings */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_A|working group A]]

'''''Ohrid Lake'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Ohrid Lake''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Macedonia''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ohrid''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ivana Lilikj''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Ohrid Canal Biljana Springs.jpeg |300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=41° 2' 50.1108
|lng=20° 42' 52.9992
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

Ohrid Lake is one of the oldest in Europe - around 1 million years, with endemic species that count 200. It is protected by UNESCO since 1979, and in 2014 was added to the UNESCO's World Network of Biosphere Reserves Ohrid-Prespa Transboundary Reserve between Albania and Macedonia, where the Lake resides in the mountainous region.
The unique aquatic eco-system is endangered by the both countries with mechanical and chemical-industrial pollution brought by the numerous rivers and springs flowing into the Lake, illegal fishing, land consumption combined with low environmental awareness and careless attitude of the people.
The selected area contains a space where springs enter the Lake, forming sort of canal where the fish called 'plasica'resides(very small endemic fish Alburnus alburnus alborella) combined with a wetlands-swamp-meadow system that is the 'lungs' of the lake containing large bio-diversity of flora and fauna. It is very endangered with the current(2014) urban plan that the Municipality gave, predicting hotel resorts and huge marina, to the already 25ha(out of which 15 under strong protection) of land crying for revitalization. There was a planned investment by German investor, but due to the recent changes, this has been canceled.
The canal is used for recreation and as a temporary marina. This area is with a high frequency of tourist, many bars and beaches, thus vehicles and many water boats.

== Author's perspective ==

I have Bachelor of Science in Architecture and currently enrolled to International Master of Landscape Architecture. I was born in Ohrid, and grew on the shore of the Ohrid Lake for 19 years. The Lake is an inevitable part of my life. I have always wanted to understand how this beautiful piece of nature operates, and at this point with the current challenges, maybe come up with something that can aid its existence. Perhaps come up with some new provocative solution for the people, and some eco-friendly solution for the bio-system. Lake Ohrid is one of the world’s natural reserves and is important to science because it has remained unchanged for a long time in the geological sense. This fact makes the lake an ideal laboratory for the discovery of many secrets concerning the appearance and development of life on Earth. Irresponsible behavior of land consumption driven only by financial interest and greed, could erase from this gem from our maps, that has been there with ages.

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''
*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

'''Size and placement'''

Lake Ohrid rightly deserves the name “Macedonia’s freshwater sea”. Not only for its warm water blue colour, which gains its intensity from the sky blue colour, but because of its size, this lake gives an impression of being a sea. It covers an area of 358 square kilometers and one gets an impression of being in front of a large bay of the sea as if a part had been uprooted of the sea’s breadth, and launched among high mountains 695 meters above sea level. On its northern shore the ancient city of Ohrid, rises above the lake like some colossal piece of scenery, located on a double hill with highest point at Samuel’s Fortress 800 m. above sea level.

The Lake is 30 km long, and its width varies from a maximum of 15 km, to an average of 11 km. Lake Ohrid has been found to be deepest 286 m., about 5 km from the shore, in the section between the fishing villages of Pestani and Trpejca. Its average depth is 151 m. The rare clarity of the water in Lake Ohrid whose translucency may reach down to depth of 22 meters, is due to numerous underwater springs all along the south and the east shores. Much of this water comes from Lake Prespa, which lies at a greater altitude and is also the outcome of a tectonic shift.

'''National park''' Right between ocean blue coloured waters of Lake Ohrid and Lake Prespa, mountain of Galicica is imposed with its towering limestone ridge. Due to its location, unusual natural beauty, scenery, aesthetic values, and exceptionally diverse and endemic flora and fauna, the Government of Republic of Macedonia has declared Galicica National Park in 1958. Galicica National Park encloses area of 25 000 ha. Lowest elevation in the park is Lake Ohrid (695m above sea level), next Lake Prespa (850m a.s.l.), and the highest point is the summit Magaro (2255m a.s.l.). South border of the National Park is also a national border with R. Albania, on the west the Park borders with the shoreline of Lake Ohrid. On the north, the border line passes through several landmarks, and connects both lakes. In addition to the extraordinary natural beauty and aesthetic values, Galicica is also a unique environment with well-preserved natural flora in several ecosystems. The flora in the National Park Galicica covers more than 800 species, among which there are numerous relict and endemic forms whose farthest limit of distribution is Mount Galicica itself.

'''Climate''' Owing of the influence of the Adriatic Sea, the Ohrid basin enjoys a modified Mediterranean varieties such as cypress, almond and fig trees. The whole valley and the surrounding mountains are situated in a basin where influences of several different climates those enjoyed by the Adriatic and Aegean coasts, the continental regions and the high mountains intermingle.

'''Flora and fauna''' With its unique flora and fauna the lake is one of the largest biological reserves in Europe. The earliest scientific studies, undertaken in the course of the 19th century, showed that, as one of the oldest lakes in the world, it has preserved primeval life - forms which no longer exist in other places or only exist as fossils. The fish in the lake are of particular significance. Lake Ohrid contains seventeen different species of fish belonging to the three groups: trout, white fish and eel.

Ten species of fish are endemic to Ohrid. The best - known are two kinds of trout, letnica (Salmo Letnica) and belvica(Acantholingua - Salmothymus ohridana), which are not to be found anywhere else. Besides eel, chub, carp and barbell there are also undermouth and moranec and a tiny fish called plasica, bleak (Alburnus alburnus alborella).

The endemic circular Ohrid sponge (ochridospongia rotunda) is one of the most interesting survivals in the lake. There are also other forms of sponge in the lake which are more widespread. The round Ohrid sponge however, has been compared by scientists only to sponges in the Lake of Tiberius in the Near East and in Lake Baikal. Tiberius and Baikal sponges are very ancient remains of a one - time living world in the Euro - Asian region which have been preserved up to the present day, each in its own lake habitat.

'''History and culture'''

In the treasury of European prehistory and history, Ohrid is a “live city” for 7500 years from which 2400 years is an urban capital on the coast of the magnificent Lake Ohrid. Continuous life has been present on the coast of the lake, where every epoch had its own particularities. Rapid urbanization in the recent 50 years, has brought a lot of concrete and 'contemporary' usage of land, that actually in this case meant drying wetlands to create soil for buildings. When it comes to the canal, it has been used much as recreational area in the last two decades, with sport fishing(when allowed depending from the very often changed legislation of fishing). Also, people parked their water boats, which with the years have became yachts thus bringing more pollution, unlike the older boats that used paddles to move . Also the residual old boats corrode there, likewise boat dump. The 'Biljana Springs' where the canal actually starts from are very often visited since there is a local legend connected to this. Biljana was a girl who used to wash the white sheets on the springs, but since she was sad cause the man she loved didn't love her she cried and made the canal. New bars and restaurants in the last 8 years have been open, and the area which was previously called 'Bafalo beach' surrounded with swamps because the people from the near villages from the mountain would go there to give water to their domestic animals, very non-prestigious area, is now core of commercial aggregation in terms of tourism.

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Geographical.jpg|Geographical
Image:Widecontext.jpg|Wider context
Image:Grey_green.jpg|Canal Green-Grey separator?
Image:Canalarea.jpg|Area of interest
Image:Northwest.jpg|Northwest view
Image:Arealview.jpg|Areal view southeast
Image:Blato.jpg|Trees in the wetlands
Image:Blato1.jpg|Blossoming reeds in swamp
Image:Staro_blato.jpg|The Hydro-biological Institute and the wetlands/canal(old)
Image:kanal.jpg|Pedestrian road next to canal
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Placement.jpeg|Placement
Image:Analysis-01.jpg|Circulation
Image:Wetlands.jpg|Area prevalence
Image:Topographyohrid.jpg|Topography
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''Look again at the multiple benefits of green infrastructure - what could be achieved in your site and which are most relevant?''

In the case of the wetlands and the canal, the most important benefit would be preserving and reintroducing ecological values of the land thus preservation of existing landscape. The revitalization of the bio-habitat and protection of the eco-system which is very fragile knowing the complexity of the food chain and habitat that swamps have, from micro to micro levels should be the core concern. Dragonflies, frogs, amphibians, birds, fish, other insects and animals together with many types of plants are forming habitat which also has a certain need of movement, which now is interrupted by asphalt roads and commercial activities. This leads that included the preservation of existing landscape, inevitable is the water management and connectivity of the ground/water, blue and green, water and soil.

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Green infrastructure has typically multiple functions. What could be achieved for your site in this respect?''

Water management should be the biggest benefit as for the complexity of attributes the site has.

Multifunctional is the key word.

A very fragile area placed between the regional road and the Ohrid lake, in a center of touristic aggregation.

It has an economical potential for strategic investment/interpretation.

Gives space for innovation in terms of design and technologies.

Improvement integration of natural and urban (green/grey).

Connectivity/circulation by diverse cycle routes, pedestrian and green bridges.

Irrigation systems for agricultural activities and flood prevention(the level of the lake sometimes rises so high) at very risky levels.

Re-naturalization of habitat by linking the ladscape with ecological values would abort further fragmentation of the land and provide new connectivity.

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''*

In 1-2 years I believe this can be done:

-cleaning the mechanical waste from the canal and the wetlands

-removing all the boats from the canal

-removing the present infrastructure

-plantations of new reed and other flora

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''*

-new plants will going to be grown much in height

-the reed from the lake and on the soil would reconnect

-new spontaneous water canals into the wetlands from the canal, thus better connectivity with the lake

-increased number of fauna and its movement

-big interest of visitors to the rehabilitated zone that would offer mupliply activities and qualities of function''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Projectiveswamp.jpg|Projection of wetlands restoring
Image:Sections_legend.jpg|Sections legend
Image:Promenade.jpg|Section AA
Image:Dolga_sekcija.jpg|Section BB
Image:Kanalsec.jpg|Section CC
Image:Plaza_sekcija.jpg|Section DD
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''100 words approx.''

== Image Gallery ==
''Please add further images/photos here''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:reed.jpg|Vista
Image:reed2.jpg|Vista reed lake promenade
Image:Regionalroad.jpg|Regional road - only along the lake to Albania
Image:Cubalibre.jpg|Bar Cuba Libre Beach
Image:Kadmo.jpg|Kadmo Bar Beach
Image:Most.jpg|The only bridge over the canal
Image:Birdskadmo.jpg|Swans on the beach

Image:Biljanini.jpg|Restaurant at Biljana's spring
Image:Alburnus.jpg|Alburnus
</gallery>

== References ==

*[http://www.macedonium.org/Macedonium.aspx?jazik=2&kid=9&pid=33&ppid=278&tid=2136]Fish species
[http://www.unipi.it/index.php/tutte-le-news/item/4877-scoperta-la-vera-et%C3%A0-del-lago-pi%C3%B9-antico-deuropa]Lake age publication

http://www.hio.edu.mk/

http://www.balkanology.com/macedonia/article_ohrid.html

http://www.exploringmacedonia.com/ohrid.nspx

http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/99

http://www.macedonia.co.uk/client/index1.aspx?page=376

http://www.macedoniancities.com/history/ohrid.asp

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group A - Case Study 1

2014-12-03T20:14:09Z

Lilikji: /* Green Infrastructure benefits for this site */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_A|working group A]]

'''''Ohrid Lake'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Ohrid Lake''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Macedonia''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ohrid''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ivana Lilikj''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Ohrid Canal Biljana Springs.jpeg |300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=41° 2' 50.1108
|lng=20° 42' 52.9992
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

Ohrid Lake is one of the oldest in Europe - around 1 million years, with endemic species that count 200. It is protected by UNESCO since 1979, and in 2014 was added to the UNESCO's World Network of Biosphere Reserves Ohrid-Prespa Transboundary Reserve between Albania and Macedonia, where the Lake resides in the mountainous region.
The unique aquatic eco-system is endangered by the both countries with mechanical and chemical-industrial pollution brought by the numerous rivers and springs flowing into the Lake, illegal fishing, land consumption combined with low environmental awareness and careless attitude of the people.
The selected area contains a space where springs enter the Lake, forming sort of canal where the fish called 'plasica'resides(very small endemic fish Alburnus alburnus alborella) combined with a wetlands-swamp-meadow system that is the 'lungs' of the lake containing large bio-diversity of flora and fauna. It is very endangered with the current(2014) urban plan that the Municipality gave, predicting hotel resorts and huge marina, to the already 25ha(out of which 15 under strong protection) of land crying for revitalization. There was a planned investment by German investor, but due to the recent changes, this has been canceled.
The canal is used for recreation and as a temporary marina. This area is with a high frequency of tourist, many bars and beaches, thus vehicles and many water boats.

== Author's perspective ==

I have Bachelor of Science in Architecture and currently enrolled to International Master of Landscape Architecture. I was born in Ohrid, and grew on the shore of the Ohrid Lake for 19 years. The Lake is an inevitable part of my life. I have always wanted to understand how this beautiful piece of nature operates, and at this point with the current challenges, maybe come up with something that can aid its existence. Perhaps come up with some new provocative solution for the people, and some eco-friendly solution for the bio-system. Lake Ohrid is one of the world’s natural reserves and is important to science because it has remained unchanged for a long time in the geological sense. This fact makes the lake an ideal laboratory for the discovery of many secrets concerning the appearance and development of life on Earth. Irresponsible behavior of land consumption driven only by financial interest and greed, could erase from this gem from our maps, that has been there with ages.

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''
*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

'''Size and placement'''

Lake Ohrid rightly deserves the name “Macedonia’s freshwater sea”. Not only for its warm water blue colour, which gains its intensity from the sky blue colour, but because of its size, this lake gives an impression of being a sea. It covers an area of 358 square kilometers and one gets an impression of being in front of a large bay of the sea as if a part had been uprooted of the sea’s breadth, and launched among high mountains 695 meters above sea level. On its northern shore the ancient city of Ohrid, rises above the lake like some colossal piece of scenery, located on a double hill with highest point at Samuel’s Fortress 800 m. above sea level.

The Lake is 30 km long, and its width varies from a maximum of 15 km, to an average of 11 km. Lake Ohrid has been found to be deepest 286 m., about 5 km from the shore, in the section between the fishing villages of Pestani and Trpejca. Its average depth is 151 m. The rare clarity of the water in Lake Ohrid whose translucency may reach down to depth of 22 meters, is due to numerous underwater springs all along the south and the east shores. Much of this water comes from Lake Prespa, which lies at a greater altitude and is also the outcome of a tectonic shift.

'''National park''' Right between ocean blue coloured waters of Lake Ohrid and Lake Prespa, mountain of Galicica is imposed with its towering limestone ridge. Due to its location, unusual natural beauty, scenery, aesthetic values, and exceptionally diverse and endemic flora and fauna, the Government of Republic of Macedonia has declared Galicica National Park in 1958. Galicica National Park encloses area of 25 000 ha. Lowest elevation in the park is Lake Ohrid (695m above sea level), next Lake Prespa (850m a.s.l.), and the highest point is the summit Magaro (2255m a.s.l.). South border of the National Park is also a national border with R. Albania, on the west the Park borders with the shoreline of Lake Ohrid. On the north, the border line passes through several landmarks, and connects both lakes. In addition to the extraordinary natural beauty and aesthetic values, Galicica is also a unique environment with well-preserved natural flora in several ecosystems. The flora in the National Park Galicica covers more than 800 species, among which there are numerous relict and endemic forms whose farthest limit of distribution is Mount Galicica itself.

'''Climate''' Owing of the influence of the Adriatic Sea, the Ohrid basin enjoys a modified Mediterranean varieties such as cypress, almond and fig trees. The whole valley and the surrounding mountains are situated in a basin where influences of several different climates those enjoyed by the Adriatic and Aegean coasts, the continental regions and the high mountains intermingle.

'''Flora and fauna''' With its unique flora and fauna the lake is one of the largest biological reserves in Europe. The earliest scientific studies, undertaken in the course of the 19th century, showed that, as one of the oldest lakes in the world, it has preserved primeval life - forms which no longer exist in other places or only exist as fossils. The fish in the lake are of particular significance. Lake Ohrid contains seventeen different species of fish belonging to the three groups: trout, white fish and eel.

Ten species of fish are endemic to Ohrid. The best - known are two kinds of trout, letnica (Salmo Letnica) and belvica(Acantholingua - Salmothymus ohridana), which are not to be found anywhere else. Besides eel, chub, carp and barbell there are also undermouth and moranec and a tiny fish called plasica, bleak (Alburnus alburnus alborella).

The endemic circular Ohrid sponge (ochridospongia rotunda) is one of the most interesting survivals in the lake. There are also other forms of sponge in the lake which are more widespread. The round Ohrid sponge however, has been compared by scientists only to sponges in the Lake of Tiberius in the Near East and in Lake Baikal. Tiberius and Baikal sponges are very ancient remains of a one - time living world in the Euro - Asian region which have been preserved up to the present day, each in its own lake habitat.

'''History and culture'''

In the treasury of European prehistory and history, Ohrid is a “live city” for 7500 years from which 2400 years is an urban capital on the coast of the magnificent Lake Ohrid. Continuous life has been present on the coast of the lake, where every epoch had its own particularities. Rapid urbanization in the recent 50 years, has brought a lot of concrete and 'contemporary' usage of land, that actually in this case meant drying wetlands to create soil for buildings. When it comes to the canal, it has been used much as recreational area in the last two decades, with sport fishing(when allowed depending from the very often changed legislation of fishing). Also, people parked their water boats, which with the years have became yachts thus bringing more pollution, unlike the older boats that used paddles to move . Also the residual old boats corrode there, likewise boat dump. The 'Biljana Springs' where the canal actually starts from are very often visited since there is a local legend connected to this. Biljana was a girl who used to wash the white sheets on the springs, but since she was sad cause the man she loved didn't love her she cried and made the canal. New bars and restaurants in the last 8 years have been open, and the area which was previously called 'Bafalo beach' surrounded with swamps because the people from the near villages from the mountain would go there to give water to their domestic animals, very non-prestigious area, is now core of commercial aggregation in terms of tourism.

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Geographical.jpg|Geographical
Image:Widecontext.jpg|Wider context
Image:Grey_green.jpg|Canal Green-Grey separator?
Image:Canalarea.jpg|Area of interest
Image:Northwest.jpg|Northwest view
Image:Arealview.jpg|Areal view southeast
Image:Blato.jpg|Trees in the wetlands
Image:Blato1.jpg|Blossoming reeds in swamp
Image:Staro_blato.jpg|The Hydro-biological Institute and the wetlands/canal(old)
Image:kanal.jpg|Pedestrian road next to canal
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Placement.jpeg|Placement
Image:Analysis-01.jpg|Circulation
Image:Wetlands.jpg|Area prevalence
Image:Topographyohrid.jpg|Topography
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''Look again at the multiple benefits of green infrastructure - what could be achieved in your site and which are most relevant?''

In the case of the wetlands and the canal, the most important benefit would be preserving and reintroducing ecological values of the land thus preservation of existing landscape. The revitalization of the bio-habitat and protection of the eco-system which is very fragile knowing the complexity of the food chain and habitat that swamps have, from micro to micro levels should be the core concern. Dragonflies, frogs, amphibians, birds, fish, other insects and animals together with many types of plants are forming habitat which also has a certain need of movement, which now is interrupted by asphalt roads and commercial activities. This leads that included the preservation of existing landscape, inevitable is the water management and connectivity of the ground/water, blue and green, water and soil.

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Green infrastructure has typically multiple functions. What could be achieved for your site in this respect?''

Water management should be the biggest benefit as for the complexity of attributes the site has.

Multifunctional is the key word.

A very fragile area placed between the regional road and the Ohrid lake, in a center of touristic aggregation.

It has an economical potential for strategic investment/interpretation.

Gives space for innovation in terms of design and technologies.

Improvement integration of natural and urban (green/grey).

Connectivity/circulation by diverse cycle routes, pedestrian and green bridges.

Irrigation systems for agricultural activities and flood prevention(the level of the lake sometimes rises so high) at very risky levels.

Re-naturalization of habitat by linking the ladscape with ecological values would abort further fragmentation of the land and provide new connectivity.

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Projectiveswamp.jpg|Projection of wetlands restoring
Image:Sections_legend.jpg|Sections legend
Image:Promenade.jpg|Section AA
Image:Dolga_sekcija.jpg|Section BB
Image:Kanalsec.jpg|Section CC
Image:Plaza_sekcija.jpg|Section DD
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''100 words approx.''

== Image Gallery ==
''Please add further images/photos here''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:reed.jpg|Vista
Image:reed2.jpg|Vista reed lake promenade
Image:Regionalroad.jpg|Regional road - only along the lake to Albania
Image:Cubalibre.jpg|Bar Cuba Libre Beach
Image:Kadmo.jpg|Kadmo Bar Beach
Image:Most.jpg|The only bridge over the canal
Image:Birdskadmo.jpg|Swans on the beach

Image:Biljanini.jpg|Restaurant at Biljana's spring
Image:Alburnus.jpg|Alburnus
</gallery>

== References ==

*[http://www.macedonium.org/Macedonium.aspx?jazik=2&kid=9&pid=33&ppid=278&tid=2136]Fish species
[http://www.unipi.it/index.php/tutte-le-news/item/4877-scoperta-la-vera-et%C3%A0-del-lago-pi%C3%B9-antico-deuropa]Lake age publication

http://www.hio.edu.mk/

http://www.balkanology.com/macedonia/article_ohrid.html

http://www.exploringmacedonia.com/ohrid.nspx

http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/99

http://www.macedonia.co.uk/client/index1.aspx?page=376

http://www.macedoniancities.com/history/ohrid.asp

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group A - Case Study 1

2014-12-03T20:04:26Z

Lilikji: /* Potential for multifunctionality */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_A|working group A]]

'''''Ohrid Lake'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Ohrid Lake''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Macedonia''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ohrid''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ivana Lilikj''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Ohrid Canal Biljana Springs.jpeg |300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=41° 2' 50.1108
|lng=20° 42' 52.9992
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

Ohrid Lake is one of the oldest in Europe - around 1 million years, with endemic species that count 200. It is protected by UNESCO since 1979, and in 2014 was added to the UNESCO's World Network of Biosphere Reserves Ohrid-Prespa Transboundary Reserve between Albania and Macedonia, where the Lake resides in the mountainous region.
The unique aquatic eco-system is endangered by the both countries with mechanical and chemical-industrial pollution brought by the numerous rivers and springs flowing into the Lake, illegal fishing, land consumption combined with low environmental awareness and careless attitude of the people.
The selected area contains a space where springs enter the Lake, forming sort of canal where the fish called 'plasica'resides(very small endemic fish Alburnus alburnus alborella) combined with a wetlands-swamp-meadow system that is the 'lungs' of the lake containing large bio-diversity of flora and fauna. It is very endangered with the current(2014) urban plan that the Municipality gave, predicting hotel resorts and huge marina, to the already 25ha(out of which 15 under strong protection) of land crying for revitalization. There was a planned investment by German investor, but due to the recent changes, this has been canceled.
The canal is used for recreation and as a temporary marina. This area is with a high frequency of tourist, many bars and beaches, thus vehicles and many water boats.

== Author's perspective ==

I have Bachelor of Science in Architecture and currently enrolled to International Master of Landscape Architecture. I was born in Ohrid, and grew on the shore of the Ohrid Lake for 19 years. The Lake is an inevitable part of my life. I have always wanted to understand how this beautiful piece of nature operates, and at this point with the current challenges, maybe come up with something that can aid its existence. Perhaps come up with some new provocative solution for the people, and some eco-friendly solution for the bio-system. Lake Ohrid is one of the world’s natural reserves and is important to science because it has remained unchanged for a long time in the geological sense. This fact makes the lake an ideal laboratory for the discovery of many secrets concerning the appearance and development of life on Earth. Irresponsible behavior of land consumption driven only by financial interest and greed, could erase from this gem from our maps, that has been there with ages.

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''
*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

'''Size and placement'''

Lake Ohrid rightly deserves the name “Macedonia’s freshwater sea”. Not only for its warm water blue colour, which gains its intensity from the sky blue colour, but because of its size, this lake gives an impression of being a sea. It covers an area of 358 square kilometers and one gets an impression of being in front of a large bay of the sea as if a part had been uprooted of the sea’s breadth, and launched among high mountains 695 meters above sea level. On its northern shore the ancient city of Ohrid, rises above the lake like some colossal piece of scenery, located on a double hill with highest point at Samuel’s Fortress 800 m. above sea level.

The Lake is 30 km long, and its width varies from a maximum of 15 km, to an average of 11 km. Lake Ohrid has been found to be deepest 286 m., about 5 km from the shore, in the section between the fishing villages of Pestani and Trpejca. Its average depth is 151 m. The rare clarity of the water in Lake Ohrid whose translucency may reach down to depth of 22 meters, is due to numerous underwater springs all along the south and the east shores. Much of this water comes from Lake Prespa, which lies at a greater altitude and is also the outcome of a tectonic shift.

'''National park''' Right between ocean blue coloured waters of Lake Ohrid and Lake Prespa, mountain of Galicica is imposed with its towering limestone ridge. Due to its location, unusual natural beauty, scenery, aesthetic values, and exceptionally diverse and endemic flora and fauna, the Government of Republic of Macedonia has declared Galicica National Park in 1958. Galicica National Park encloses area of 25 000 ha. Lowest elevation in the park is Lake Ohrid (695m above sea level), next Lake Prespa (850m a.s.l.), and the highest point is the summit Magaro (2255m a.s.l.). South border of the National Park is also a national border with R. Albania, on the west the Park borders with the shoreline of Lake Ohrid. On the north, the border line passes through several landmarks, and connects both lakes. In addition to the extraordinary natural beauty and aesthetic values, Galicica is also a unique environment with well-preserved natural flora in several ecosystems. The flora in the National Park Galicica covers more than 800 species, among which there are numerous relict and endemic forms whose farthest limit of distribution is Mount Galicica itself.

'''Climate''' Owing of the influence of the Adriatic Sea, the Ohrid basin enjoys a modified Mediterranean varieties such as cypress, almond and fig trees. The whole valley and the surrounding mountains are situated in a basin where influences of several different climates those enjoyed by the Adriatic and Aegean coasts, the continental regions and the high mountains intermingle.

'''Flora and fauna''' With its unique flora and fauna the lake is one of the largest biological reserves in Europe. The earliest scientific studies, undertaken in the course of the 19th century, showed that, as one of the oldest lakes in the world, it has preserved primeval life - forms which no longer exist in other places or only exist as fossils. The fish in the lake are of particular significance. Lake Ohrid contains seventeen different species of fish belonging to the three groups: trout, white fish and eel.

Ten species of fish are endemic to Ohrid. The best - known are two kinds of trout, letnica (Salmo Letnica) and belvica(Acantholingua - Salmothymus ohridana), which are not to be found anywhere else. Besides eel, chub, carp and barbell there are also undermouth and moranec and a tiny fish called plasica, bleak (Alburnus alburnus alborella).

The endemic circular Ohrid sponge (ochridospongia rotunda) is one of the most interesting survivals in the lake. There are also other forms of sponge in the lake which are more widespread. The round Ohrid sponge however, has been compared by scientists only to sponges in the Lake of Tiberius in the Near East and in Lake Baikal. Tiberius and Baikal sponges are very ancient remains of a one - time living world in the Euro - Asian region which have been preserved up to the present day, each in its own lake habitat.

'''History and culture'''

In the treasury of European prehistory and history, Ohrid is a “live city” for 7500 years from which 2400 years is an urban capital on the coast of the magnificent Lake Ohrid. Continuous life has been present on the coast of the lake, where every epoch had its own particularities. Rapid urbanization in the recent 50 years, has brought a lot of concrete and 'contemporary' usage of land, that actually in this case meant drying wetlands to create soil for buildings. When it comes to the canal, it has been used much as recreational area in the last two decades, with sport fishing(when allowed depending from the very often changed legislation of fishing). Also, people parked their water boats, which with the years have became yachts thus bringing more pollution, unlike the older boats that used paddles to move . Also the residual old boats corrode there, likewise boat dump. The 'Biljana Springs' where the canal actually starts from are very often visited since there is a local legend connected to this. Biljana was a girl who used to wash the white sheets on the springs, but since she was sad cause the man she loved didn't love her she cried and made the canal. New bars and restaurants in the last 8 years have been open, and the area which was previously called 'Bafalo beach' surrounded with swamps because the people from the near villages from the mountain would go there to give water to their domestic animals, very non-prestigious area, is now core of commercial aggregation in terms of tourism.

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Geographical.jpg|Geographical
Image:Widecontext.jpg|Wider context
Image:Grey_green.jpg|Canal Green-Grey separator?
Image:Canalarea.jpg|Area of interest
Image:Northwest.jpg|Northwest view
Image:Arealview.jpg|Areal view southeast
Image:Blato.jpg|Trees in the wetlands
Image:Blato1.jpg|Blossoming reeds in swamp
Image:Staro_blato.jpg|The Hydro-biological Institute and the wetlands/canal(old)
Image:kanal.jpg|Pedestrian road next to canal
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Placement.jpeg|Placement
Image:Analysis-01.jpg|Circulation
Image:Wetlands.jpg|Area prevalence
Image:Topographyohrid.jpg|Topography
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''Look again at the multiple benefits of green infrastructure - what could be achieved in your site and which are most relevant?''

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Green infrastructure has typically multiple functions. What could be achieved for your site in this respect?''

Water management should be the biggest benefit as for the complexity of attributes the site has.

Multifunctional is the key word.

A very fragile area placed between the regional road and the Ohrid lake, in a center of touristic aggregation.

It has an economical potential for strategic investment/interpretation.

Gives space for innovation in terms of design and technologies.

Improvement integration of natural and urban (green/grey).

Connectivity/circulation by diverse cycle routes, pedestrian and green bridges.

Irrigation systems for agricultural activities and flood prevention(the level of the lake sometimes rises so high) at very risky levels.

Re-naturalization of habitat by linking the ladscape with ecological values would abort further fragmentation of the land and provide new connectivity.

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Projectiveswamp.jpg|Projection of wetlands restoring
Image:Sections_legend.jpg|Sections legend
Image:Promenade.jpg|Section AA
Image:Dolga_sekcija.jpg|Section BB
Image:Kanalsec.jpg|Section CC
Image:Plaza_sekcija.jpg|Section DD
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''100 words approx.''

== Image Gallery ==
''Please add further images/photos here''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:reed.jpg|Vista
Image:reed2.jpg|Vista reed lake promenade
Image:Regionalroad.jpg|Regional road - only along the lake to Albania
Image:Cubalibre.jpg|Bar Cuba Libre Beach
Image:Kadmo.jpg|Kadmo Bar Beach
Image:Most.jpg|The only bridge over the canal
Image:Birdskadmo.jpg|Swans on the beach

Image:Biljanini.jpg|Restaurant at Biljana's spring
Image:Alburnus.jpg|Alburnus
</gallery>

== References ==

*[http://www.macedonium.org/Macedonium.aspx?jazik=2&kid=9&pid=33&ppid=278&tid=2136]Fish species
[http://www.unipi.it/index.php/tutte-le-news/item/4877-scoperta-la-vera-et%C3%A0-del-lago-pi%C3%B9-antico-deuropa]Lake age publication

http://www.hio.edu.mk/

http://www.balkanology.com/macedonia/article_ohrid.html

http://www.exploringmacedonia.com/ohrid.nspx

http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/99

http://www.macedonia.co.uk/client/index1.aspx?page=376

http://www.macedoniancities.com/history/ohrid.asp

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group A - Case Study 1

2014-12-03T20:00:43Z

Lilikji: /* Landscape and/or urban context of your case */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_A|working group A]]

'''''Ohrid Lake'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Ohrid Lake''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Macedonia''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ohrid''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ivana Lilikj''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Ohrid Canal Biljana Springs.jpeg |300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=41° 2' 50.1108
|lng=20° 42' 52.9992
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

Ohrid Lake is one of the oldest in Europe - around 1 million years, with endemic species that count 200. It is protected by UNESCO since 1979, and in 2014 was added to the UNESCO's World Network of Biosphere Reserves Ohrid-Prespa Transboundary Reserve between Albania and Macedonia, where the Lake resides in the mountainous region.
The unique aquatic eco-system is endangered by the both countries with mechanical and chemical-industrial pollution brought by the numerous rivers and springs flowing into the Lake, illegal fishing, land consumption combined with low environmental awareness and careless attitude of the people.
The selected area contains a space where springs enter the Lake, forming sort of canal where the fish called 'plasica'resides(very small endemic fish Alburnus alburnus alborella) combined with a wetlands-swamp-meadow system that is the 'lungs' of the lake containing large bio-diversity of flora and fauna. It is very endangered with the current(2014) urban plan that the Municipality gave, predicting hotel resorts and huge marina, to the already 25ha(out of which 15 under strong protection) of land crying for revitalization. There was a planned investment by German investor, but due to the recent changes, this has been canceled.
The canal is used for recreation and as a temporary marina. This area is with a high frequency of tourist, many bars and beaches, thus vehicles and many water boats.

== Author's perspective ==

I have Bachelor of Science in Architecture and currently enrolled to International Master of Landscape Architecture. I was born in Ohrid, and grew on the shore of the Ohrid Lake for 19 years. The Lake is an inevitable part of my life. I have always wanted to understand how this beautiful piece of nature operates, and at this point with the current challenges, maybe come up with something that can aid its existence. Perhaps come up with some new provocative solution for the people, and some eco-friendly solution for the bio-system. Lake Ohrid is one of the world’s natural reserves and is important to science because it has remained unchanged for a long time in the geological sense. This fact makes the lake an ideal laboratory for the discovery of many secrets concerning the appearance and development of life on Earth. Irresponsible behavior of land consumption driven only by financial interest and greed, could erase from this gem from our maps, that has been there with ages.

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''
*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

'''Size and placement'''

Lake Ohrid rightly deserves the name “Macedonia’s freshwater sea”. Not only for its warm water blue colour, which gains its intensity from the sky blue colour, but because of its size, this lake gives an impression of being a sea. It covers an area of 358 square kilometers and one gets an impression of being in front of a large bay of the sea as if a part had been uprooted of the sea’s breadth, and launched among high mountains 695 meters above sea level. On its northern shore the ancient city of Ohrid, rises above the lake like some colossal piece of scenery, located on a double hill with highest point at Samuel’s Fortress 800 m. above sea level.

The Lake is 30 km long, and its width varies from a maximum of 15 km, to an average of 11 km. Lake Ohrid has been found to be deepest 286 m., about 5 km from the shore, in the section between the fishing villages of Pestani and Trpejca. Its average depth is 151 m. The rare clarity of the water in Lake Ohrid whose translucency may reach down to depth of 22 meters, is due to numerous underwater springs all along the south and the east shores. Much of this water comes from Lake Prespa, which lies at a greater altitude and is also the outcome of a tectonic shift.

'''National park''' Right between ocean blue coloured waters of Lake Ohrid and Lake Prespa, mountain of Galicica is imposed with its towering limestone ridge. Due to its location, unusual natural beauty, scenery, aesthetic values, and exceptionally diverse and endemic flora and fauna, the Government of Republic of Macedonia has declared Galicica National Park in 1958. Galicica National Park encloses area of 25 000 ha. Lowest elevation in the park is Lake Ohrid (695m above sea level), next Lake Prespa (850m a.s.l.), and the highest point is the summit Magaro (2255m a.s.l.). South border of the National Park is also a national border with R. Albania, on the west the Park borders with the shoreline of Lake Ohrid. On the north, the border line passes through several landmarks, and connects both lakes. In addition to the extraordinary natural beauty and aesthetic values, Galicica is also a unique environment with well-preserved natural flora in several ecosystems. The flora in the National Park Galicica covers more than 800 species, among which there are numerous relict and endemic forms whose farthest limit of distribution is Mount Galicica itself.

'''Climate''' Owing of the influence of the Adriatic Sea, the Ohrid basin enjoys a modified Mediterranean varieties such as cypress, almond and fig trees. The whole valley and the surrounding mountains are situated in a basin where influences of several different climates those enjoyed by the Adriatic and Aegean coasts, the continental regions and the high mountains intermingle.

'''Flora and fauna''' With its unique flora and fauna the lake is one of the largest biological reserves in Europe. The earliest scientific studies, undertaken in the course of the 19th century, showed that, as one of the oldest lakes in the world, it has preserved primeval life - forms which no longer exist in other places or only exist as fossils. The fish in the lake are of particular significance. Lake Ohrid contains seventeen different species of fish belonging to the three groups: trout, white fish and eel.

Ten species of fish are endemic to Ohrid. The best - known are two kinds of trout, letnica (Salmo Letnica) and belvica(Acantholingua - Salmothymus ohridana), which are not to be found anywhere else. Besides eel, chub, carp and barbell there are also undermouth and moranec and a tiny fish called plasica, bleak (Alburnus alburnus alborella).

The endemic circular Ohrid sponge (ochridospongia rotunda) is one of the most interesting survivals in the lake. There are also other forms of sponge in the lake which are more widespread. The round Ohrid sponge however, has been compared by scientists only to sponges in the Lake of Tiberius in the Near East and in Lake Baikal. Tiberius and Baikal sponges are very ancient remains of a one - time living world in the Euro - Asian region which have been preserved up to the present day, each in its own lake habitat.

'''History and culture'''

In the treasury of European prehistory and history, Ohrid is a “live city” for 7500 years from which 2400 years is an urban capital on the coast of the magnificent Lake Ohrid. Continuous life has been present on the coast of the lake, where every epoch had its own particularities. Rapid urbanization in the recent 50 years, has brought a lot of concrete and 'contemporary' usage of land, that actually in this case meant drying wetlands to create soil for buildings. When it comes to the canal, it has been used much as recreational area in the last two decades, with sport fishing(when allowed depending from the very often changed legislation of fishing). Also, people parked their water boats, which with the years have became yachts thus bringing more pollution, unlike the older boats that used paddles to move . Also the residual old boats corrode there, likewise boat dump. The 'Biljana Springs' where the canal actually starts from are very often visited since there is a local legend connected to this. Biljana was a girl who used to wash the white sheets on the springs, but since she was sad cause the man she loved didn't love her she cried and made the canal. New bars and restaurants in the last 8 years have been open, and the area which was previously called 'Bafalo beach' surrounded with swamps because the people from the near villages from the mountain would go there to give water to their domestic animals, very non-prestigious area, is now core of commercial aggregation in terms of tourism.

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Geographical.jpg|Geographical
Image:Widecontext.jpg|Wider context
Image:Grey_green.jpg|Canal Green-Grey separator?
Image:Canalarea.jpg|Area of interest
Image:Northwest.jpg|Northwest view
Image:Arealview.jpg|Areal view southeast
Image:Blato.jpg|Trees in the wetlands
Image:Blato1.jpg|Blossoming reeds in swamp
Image:Staro_blato.jpg|The Hydro-biological Institute and the wetlands/canal(old)
Image:kanal.jpg|Pedestrian road next to canal
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Placement.jpeg|Placement
Image:Analysis-01.jpg|Circulation
Image:Wetlands.jpg|Area prevalence
Image:Topographyohrid.jpg|Topography
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''Look again at the multiple benefits of green infrastructure - what could be achieved in your site and which are most relevant?''

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Green infrastructure has typically multiple functions. What could be achieved for your site in this respect?''

Water management should be the biggest benefit as for the complexity of attributes the site has.

Multifunctional is the key word.

A very fragile area placed between the regional road and the Ohrid lake, in a center of touristic aggregation.

It has an economical potential for strategic investment/interpretation.

Gives space for innovation in terms of design and technologies.

Improvement integration of natural and urban (green/grey).

Connectivity/circulation by diverse cycle routes, pedestrian and green bridges.

Irrigation systems for agricultural activities and flood prevention(the level of the lake sometimes rises so high) at very risky levels.

Re-naturalization of habitat by linking the ladscape with ecological values would abort furthe fragmentation of the land and provide new connectivity.

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Projectiveswamp.jpg|Projection of wetlands restoring
Image:Sections_legend.jpg|Sections legend
Image:Promenade.jpg|Section AA
Image:Dolga_sekcija.jpg|Section BB
Image:Kanalsec.jpg|Section CC
Image:Plaza_sekcija.jpg|Section DD
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''100 words approx.''

== Image Gallery ==
''Please add further images/photos here''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:reed.jpg|Vista
Image:reed2.jpg|Vista reed lake promenade
Image:Regionalroad.jpg|Regional road - only along the lake to Albania
Image:Cubalibre.jpg|Bar Cuba Libre Beach
Image:Kadmo.jpg|Kadmo Bar Beach
Image:Most.jpg|The only bridge over the canal
Image:Birdskadmo.jpg|Swans on the beach

Image:Biljanini.jpg|Restaurant at Biljana's spring
Image:Alburnus.jpg|Alburnus
</gallery>

== References ==

*[http://www.macedonium.org/Macedonium.aspx?jazik=2&kid=9&pid=33&ppid=278&tid=2136]Fish species
[http://www.unipi.it/index.php/tutte-le-news/item/4877-scoperta-la-vera-et%C3%A0-del-lago-pi%C3%B9-antico-deuropa]Lake age publication

http://www.hio.edu.mk/

http://www.balkanology.com/macedonia/article_ohrid.html

http://www.exploringmacedonia.com/ohrid.nspx

http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/99

http://www.macedonia.co.uk/client/index1.aspx?page=376

http://www.macedoniancities.com/history/ohrid.asp

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group A - Case Study 1

2014-11-30T20:38:32Z

Lilikji: /* Landscape and/or urban context of your case */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_A|working group A]]

'''''Ohrid Lake'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Ohrid Lake''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Macedonia''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ohrid''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ivana Lilikj''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Ohrid Canal Biljana Springs.jpeg |300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=41° 2' 50.1108
|lng=20° 42' 52.9992
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

Ohrid Lake is one of the oldest in Europe - around 1 million years, with endemic species that count 200. It is protected by UNESCO since 1979, and in 2014 was added to the UNESCO's World Network of Biosphere Reserves Ohrid-Prespa Transboundary Reserve between Albania and Macedonia, where the Lake resides in the mountainous region.
The unique aquatic eco-system is endangered by the both countries with mechanical and chemical-industrial pollution brought by the numerous rivers and springs flowing into the Lake, illegal fishing, land consumption combined with low environmental awareness and careless attitude of the people.
The selected area contains a space where springs enter the Lake, forming sort of canal where the fish called 'plasica'resides(very small endemic fish Alburnus alburnus alborella) combined with a wetlands-swamp-meadow system that is the 'lungs' of the lake containing large bio-diversity of flora and fauna. It is very endangered with the current(2014) urban plan that the Municipality gave, predicting hotel resorts and huge marina, to the already 25ha(out of which 15 under strong protection) of land crying for revitalization. There was a planned investment by German investor, but due to the recent changes, this has been canceled.
The canal is used for recreation and as a temporary marina. This area is with a high frequency of tourist, many bars and beaches, thus vehicles and many water boats.

== Author's perspective ==

I have Bachelor of Science in Architecture and currently enrolled to International Master of Landscape Architecture. I was born in Ohrid, and grew on the shore of the Ohrid Lake for 19 years. The Lake is an inevitable part of my life. I have always wanted to understand how this beautiful piece of nature operates, and at this point with the current challenges, maybe come up with something that can aid its existence. Perhaps come up with some new provocative solution for the people, and some eco-friendly solution for the bio-system. Lake Ohrid is one of the world’s natural reserves and is important to science because it has remained unchanged for a long time in the geological sense. This fact makes the lake an ideal laboratory for the discovery of many secrets concerning the appearance and development of life on Earth. Irresponsible behavior of land consumption driven only by financial interest and greed, could erase from this gem from our maps, that has been there with ages.

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''
*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

'''Size and placement'''

Lake Ohrid rightly deserves the name “Macedonia’s freshwater sea”. Not only for its warm water blue colour, which gains its intensity from the sky blue colour, but because of its size, this lake gives an impression of being a sea. It covers an area of 358 square kilometers and one gets an impression of being in front of a large bay of the sea as if a part had been uprooted of the sea’s breadth, and launched among high mountains 695 meters above sea level. On its northern shore the ancient city of Ohrid, rises above the lake like some colossal piece of scenery, located on a double hill with highest point at Samuel’s Fortress 800 m. above sea level.

The Lake is 30 km long, and its width varies from a maximum of 15 km, to an average of 11 km. Lake Ohrid has been found to be deepest 286 m., about 5 km from the shore, in the section between the fishing villages of Pestani and Trpejca. Its average depth is 151 m. The rare clarity of the water in Lake Ohrid whose translucency may reach down to depth of 22 meters, is due to numerous underwater springs all along the south and the east shores. Much of this water comes from Lake Prespa, which lies at a greater altitude and is also the outcome of a tectonic shift.

'''National park''' Right between ocean blue coloured waters of Lake Ohrid and Lake Prespa, mountain of Galicica is imposed with its towering limestone ridge. Due to its location, unusual natural beauty, scenery, aesthetic values, and exceptionally diverse and endemic flora and fauna, the Government of Republic of Macedonia has declared Galicica National Park in 1958. Galicica National Park encloses area of 25 000 ha. Lowest elevation in the park is Lake Ohrid (695m above sea level), next Lake Prespa (850m a.s.l.), and the highest point is the summit Magaro (2255m a.s.l.). South border of the National Park is also a national border with R. Albania, on the west the Park borders with the shoreline of Lake Ohrid. On the north, the border line passes through several landmarks, and connects both lakes. In addition to the extraordinary natural beauty and aesthetic values, Galicica is also a unique environment with well-preserved natural flora in several ecosystems. The flora in the National Park Galicica covers more than 800 species, among which there are numerous relict and endemic forms whose farthest limit of distribution is Mount Galicica itself.

'''Climate''' Owing of the influence of the Adriatic Sea, the Ohrid basin enjoys a modified Mediterranean varieties such as cypress, almond and fig trees. The whole valley and the surrounding mountains are situated in a basin where influences of several different climates those enjoyed by the Adriatic and Aegean coasts, the continental regions and the high mountains intermingle.

'''Flora and fauna''' With its unique flora and fauna the lake is one of the largest biological reserves in Europe. The earliest scientific studies, undertaken in the course of the 19th century, showed that, as one of the oldest lakes in the world, it has preserved primeval life - forms which no longer exist in other places or only exist as fossils. The fish in the lake are of particular significance. Lake Ohrid contains seventeen different species of fish belonging to the three groups: trout, white fish and eel.

Ten species of fish are endemic to Ohrid. The best - known are two kinds of trout, letnica (Salmo Letnica) and belvica(Acantholingua - Salmothymus ohridana), which are not to be found anywhere else. Besides eel, chub, carp and barbell there are also undermouth and moranec and a tiny fish called plasica, bleak (Alburnus alburnus alborella).

The endemic circular Ohrid sponge (ochridospongia rotunda) is one of the most interesting survivals in the lake. There are also other forms of sponge in the lake which are more widespread. The round Ohrid sponge however, has been compared by scientists only to sponges in the Lake of Tiberius in the Near East and in Lake Baikal. Tiberius and Baikal sponges are very ancient remains of a one - time living world in the Euro - Asian region which have been preserved up to the present day, each in its own lake habitat.

'''History and culture'''

In the treasury of European prehistory and history, Ohrid is a “live city” for 7500 years from which 2400 years is an urban capital on the coast of the magnificent Lake Ohrid. Rapid urbanization in the recent 50 years, has brought a lot of concrete and 'contemporary' usage of land, that actually in this case meant drying wetlands to create soil for buildings. When it comes

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Geographical.jpg|Geographical
Image:Widecontext.jpg|Wider context
Image:Grey_green.jpg|Canal Green-Grey separator?
Image:Canalarea.jpg|Area of interest
Image:Northwest.jpg|Northwest view
Image:Arealview.jpg|Areal view southeast
Image:Blato.jpg|Trees in the wetlands
Image:Blato1.jpg|Blossoming reeds in swamp
Image:Staro_blato.jpg|The Hydro-biological Institute and the wetlands/canal(old)
Image:kanal.jpg|Pedestrian road next to canal
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Placement.jpeg|Placement
Image:Analysis-01.jpg|Circulation
Image:Wetlands.jpg|Area prevalence
Image:Topographyohrid.jpg|Topography
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''Look again at the multiple benefits of green infrastructure - what could be achieved in your site and which are most relevant?''

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Green infrastructure has typically multiple functions. What could be achieved for your site in this respect?''

Water management should be the biggest benefit as for the complexity of attributes the site has.

Multifunctional is the key word.

A very fragile area placed between the regional road and the Ohrid lake, in a center of touristic aggregation.

It has an economical potential for strategic investment/interpretation.

Gives space for innovation in terms of design and technologies.

Improvement integration of natural and urban (green/grey).

Connectivity/circulation by diverse cycle routes, pedestrian and green bridges.

Irrigation systems for agricultural activities and flood prevention(the level of the lake sometimes rises so high) at very risky levels.

Re-naturalization of habitat by linking the ladscape with ecological values would abort furthe fragmentation of the land and provide new connectivity.

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Projectiveswamp.jpg|Projection of wetlands restoring
Image:Sections_legend.jpg|Sections legend
Image:Promenade.jpg|Section AA
Image:Dolga_sekcija.jpg|Section BB
Image:Kanalsec.jpg|Section CC
Image:Plaza_sekcija.jpg|Section DD
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''100 words approx.''

== Image Gallery ==
''Please add further images/photos here''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:reed.jpg|Vista
Image:reed2.jpg|Vista reed lake promenade
Image:Regionalroad.jpg|Regional road - only along the lake to Albania
Image:Cubalibre.jpg|Bar Cuba Libre Beach
Image:Kadmo.jpg|Kadmo Bar Beach
Image:Most.jpg|The only bridge over the canal
Image:Birdskadmo.jpg|Swans on the beach

Image:Biljanini.jpg|Restaurant at Biljana's spring
Image:Alburnus.jpg|Alburnus
</gallery>

== References ==

*[http://www.macedonium.org/Macedonium.aspx?jazik=2&kid=9&pid=33&ppid=278&tid=2136]Fish species
[http://www.unipi.it/index.php/tutte-le-news/item/4877-scoperta-la-vera-et%C3%A0-del-lago-pi%C3%B9-antico-deuropa]Lake age publication

http://www.hio.edu.mk/

http://www.balkanology.com/macedonia/article_ohrid.html

http://www.exploringmacedonia.com/ohrid.nspx

http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/99

http://www.macedonia.co.uk/client/index1.aspx?page=376

http://www.macedoniancities.com/history/ohrid.asp

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group A - Case Study 1

2014-11-30T20:32:15Z

Lilikji: /* Image Gallery */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_A|working group A]]

'''''Ohrid Lake'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Ohrid Lake''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Macedonia''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ohrid''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ivana Lilikj''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Ohrid Canal Biljana Springs.jpeg |300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=41° 2' 50.1108
|lng=20° 42' 52.9992
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

Ohrid Lake is one of the oldest in Europe - around 1 million years, with endemic species that count 200. It is protected by UNESCO since 1979, and in 2014 was added to the UNESCO's World Network of Biosphere Reserves Ohrid-Prespa Transboundary Reserve between Albania and Macedonia, where the Lake resides in the mountainous region.
The unique aquatic eco-system is endangered by the both countries with mechanical and chemical-industrial pollution brought by the numerous rivers and springs flowing into the Lake, illegal fishing, land consumption combined with low environmental awareness and careless attitude of the people.
The selected area contains a space where springs enter the Lake, forming sort of canal where the fish called 'plasica'resides(very small endemic fish Alburnus alburnus alborella) combined with a wetlands-swamp-meadow system that is the 'lungs' of the lake containing large bio-diversity of flora and fauna. It is very endangered with the current(2014) urban plan that the Municipality gave, predicting hotel resorts and huge marina, to the already 25ha(out of which 15 under strong protection) of land crying for revitalization. There was a planned investment by German investor, but due to the recent changes, this has been canceled.
The canal is used for recreation and as a temporary marina. This area is with a high frequency of tourist, many bars and beaches, thus vehicles and many water boats.

== Author's perspective ==

I have Bachelor of Science in Architecture and currently enrolled to International Master of Landscape Architecture. I was born in Ohrid, and grew on the shore of the Ohrid Lake for 19 years. The Lake is an inevitable part of my life. I have always wanted to understand how this beautiful piece of nature operates, and at this point with the current challenges, maybe come up with something that can aid its existence. Perhaps come up with some new provocative solution for the people, and some eco-friendly solution for the bio-system. Lake Ohrid is one of the world’s natural reserves and is important to science because it has remained unchanged for a long time in the geological sense. This fact makes the lake an ideal laboratory for the discovery of many secrets concerning the appearance and development of life on Earth. Irresponsible behavior of land consumption driven only by financial interest and greed, could erase from this gem from our maps, that has been there with ages.

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''
*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

'''Size and placement'''

Lake Ohrid rightly deserves the name “Macedonia’s freshwater sea”. Not only for its warm water blue colour, which gains its intensity from the sky blue colour, but because of its size, this lake gives an impression of being a sea. It covers an area of 358 square kilometers and one gets an impression of being in front of a large bay of the sea as if a part had been uprooted of the sea’s breadth, and launched among high mountains 695 meters above sea level. On its northern shore the ancient city of Ohrid, rises above the lake like some colossal piece of scenery, located on a double hill with highest point at Samuel’s Fortress 800 m. above sea level.

The Lake is 30 km long, and its width varies from a maximum of 15 km, to an average of 11 km. Lake Ohrid has been found to be deepest 286 m., about 5 km from the shore, in the section between the fishing villages of Pestani and Trpejca. Its average depth is 151 m. The rare clarity of the water in Lake Ohrid whose translucency may reach down to depth of 22 meters, is due to numerous underwater springs all along the south and the east shores. Much of this water comes from Lake Prespa, which lies at a greater altitude and is also the outcome of a tectonic shift.

'''National park''' Right between ocean blue coloured waters of Lake Ohrid and Lake Prespa, mountain of Galicica is imposed with its towering limestone ridge. Due to its location, unusual natural beauty, scenery, aesthetic values, and exceptionally diverse and endemic flora and fauna, the Government of Republic of Macedonia has declared Galicica National Park in 1958. Galicica National Park encloses area of 25 000 ha. Lowest elevation in the park is Lake Ohrid (695m above sea level), next Lake Prespa (850m a.s.l.), and the highest point is the summit Magaro (2255m a.s.l.). South border of the National Park is also a national border with R. Albania, on the west the Park borders with the shoreline of Lake Ohrid. On the north, the border line passes through several landmarks, and connects both lakes. In addition to the extraordinary natural beauty and aesthetic values, Galicica is also a unique environment with well-preserved natural flora in several ecosystems. The flora in the National Park Galicica covers more than 800 species, among which there are numerous relict and endemic forms whose farthest limit of distribution is Mount Galicica itself.

'''Climate''' Owing of the influence of the Adriatic Sea, the Ohrid basin enjoys a modified Mediterranean varieties such as cypress, almond and fig trees. The whole valley and the surrounding mountains are situated in a basin where influences of several different climates those enjoyed by the Adriatic and Aegean coasts, the continental regions and the high mountains intermingle.

'''Flora and fauna''' With its unique flora and fauna the lake is one of the largest biological reserves in Europe. The earliest scientific studies, undertaken in the course of the 19th century, showed that, as one of the oldest lakes in the world, it has preserved primeval life - forms which no longer exist in other places or only exist as fossils. The fish in the lake are of particular significance. Lake Ohrid contains seventeen different species of fish belonging to the three groups: trout, white fish and eel.

Ten species of fish are endemic to Ohrid. The best - known are two kinds of trout, letnica (Salmo Letnica) and belvica(Acantholingua - Salmothymus ohridana), which are not to be found anywhere else. Besides eel, chub, carp and barbell there are also undermouth and moranec and a tiny fish called plasica, bleak (Alburnus alburnus alborella).

The endemic circular Ohrid sponge (ochridospongia rotunda) is one of the most interesting survivals in the lake. There are also other forms of sponge in the lake which are more widespread. The round Ohrid sponge however, has been compared by scientists only to sponges in the Lake of Tiberius in the Near East and in Lake Baikal. Tiberius and Baikal sponges are very ancient remains of a one - time living world in the Euro - Asian region which have been preserved up to the present day, each in its own lake habitat.

'''History and culture'''

In the treasury of European prehistory and history, Ohrid is a “live city” for 7500 years from which 2400 years is an urban capital on the coast of the magnificent Lake Ohrid. Rapid urbanization in the recent 50 years, has brought a lot of concrete and 'contemporary' usage of land, that actually in this case meant drying wetlands to create soil for buildings. When it comes

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Geographical.jpg|Geographical
Image:Widecontext.jpg|Wider context
Image:Grey_green.jpg|Canal Green-Grey separator?
Image:Canalarea.jpg|Area
Image:Northwest.jpg|Northwest view
Image:Arealview.jpg|Areal view southeast
Image:Blato.jpg|Trees in the wetlands
Image:Blato1.jpg|Blossoming reeds in swamp
Image:Staro_blato.jpg|The Hydro-biological Institute and the wetlands/canal(old)
Image:kanal.jpg|Pedestrian road next to canal
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Placement.jpeg|Placement
Image:Analysis-01.jpg|Circulation
Image:Wetlands.jpg|Area prevalence
Image:Topographyohrid.jpg|Topography
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''Look again at the multiple benefits of green infrastructure - what could be achieved in your site and which are most relevant?''

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Green infrastructure has typically multiple functions. What could be achieved for your site in this respect?''

Water management should be the biggest benefit as for the complexity of attributes the site has.

Multifunctional is the key word.

A very fragile area placed between the regional road and the Ohrid lake, in a center of touristic aggregation.

It has an economical potential for strategic investment/interpretation.

Gives space for innovation in terms of design and technologies.

Improvement integration of natural and urban (green/grey).

Connectivity/circulation by diverse cycle routes, pedestrian and green bridges.

Irrigation systems for agricultural activities and flood prevention(the level of the lake sometimes rises so high) at very risky levels.

Re-naturalization of habitat by linking the ladscape with ecological values would abort furthe fragmentation of the land and provide new connectivity.

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Projectiveswamp.jpg|Projection of wetlands restoring
Image:Sections_legend.jpg|Sections legend
Image:Promenade.jpg|Section AA
Image:Dolga_sekcija.jpg|Section BB
Image:Kanalsec.jpg|Section CC
Image:Plaza_sekcija.jpg|Section DD
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''100 words approx.''

== Image Gallery ==
''Please add further images/photos here''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:reed.jpg|Vista
Image:reed2.jpg|Vista reed lake promenade
Image:Regionalroad.jpg|Regional road - only along the lake to Albania
Image:Cubalibre.jpg|Bar Cuba Libre Beach
Image:Kadmo.jpg|Kadmo Bar Beach
Image:Most.jpg|The only bridge over the canal
Image:Birdskadmo.jpg|Swans on the beach

Image:Biljanini.jpg|Restaurant at Biljana's spring
Image:Alburnus.jpg|Alburnus
</gallery>

== References ==

*[http://www.macedonium.org/Macedonium.aspx?jazik=2&kid=9&pid=33&ppid=278&tid=2136]Fish species
[http://www.unipi.it/index.php/tutte-le-news/item/4877-scoperta-la-vera-et%C3%A0-del-lago-pi%C3%B9-antico-deuropa]Lake age publication

http://www.hio.edu.mk/

http://www.balkanology.com/macedonia/article_ohrid.html

http://www.exploringmacedonia.com/ohrid.nspx

http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/99

http://www.macedonia.co.uk/client/index1.aspx?page=376

http://www.macedoniancities.com/history/ohrid.asp

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group A - Case Study 1

2014-11-30T20:30:29Z

Lilikji: /* Image Gallery */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_A|working group A]]

'''''Ohrid Lake'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Ohrid Lake''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Macedonia''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ohrid''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ivana Lilikj''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Ohrid Canal Biljana Springs.jpeg |300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=41° 2' 50.1108
|lng=20° 42' 52.9992
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

Ohrid Lake is one of the oldest in Europe - around 1 million years, with endemic species that count 200. It is protected by UNESCO since 1979, and in 2014 was added to the UNESCO's World Network of Biosphere Reserves Ohrid-Prespa Transboundary Reserve between Albania and Macedonia, where the Lake resides in the mountainous region.
The unique aquatic eco-system is endangered by the both countries with mechanical and chemical-industrial pollution brought by the numerous rivers and springs flowing into the Lake, illegal fishing, land consumption combined with low environmental awareness and careless attitude of the people.
The selected area contains a space where springs enter the Lake, forming sort of canal where the fish called 'plasica'resides(very small endemic fish Alburnus alburnus alborella) combined with a wetlands-swamp-meadow system that is the 'lungs' of the lake containing large bio-diversity of flora and fauna. It is very endangered with the current(2014) urban plan that the Municipality gave, predicting hotel resorts and huge marina, to the already 25ha(out of which 15 under strong protection) of land crying for revitalization. There was a planned investment by German investor, but due to the recent changes, this has been canceled.
The canal is used for recreation and as a temporary marina. This area is with a high frequency of tourist, many bars and beaches, thus vehicles and many water boats.

== Author's perspective ==

I have Bachelor of Science in Architecture and currently enrolled to International Master of Landscape Architecture. I was born in Ohrid, and grew on the shore of the Ohrid Lake for 19 years. The Lake is an inevitable part of my life. I have always wanted to understand how this beautiful piece of nature operates, and at this point with the current challenges, maybe come up with something that can aid its existence. Perhaps come up with some new provocative solution for the people, and some eco-friendly solution for the bio-system. Lake Ohrid is one of the world’s natural reserves and is important to science because it has remained unchanged for a long time in the geological sense. This fact makes the lake an ideal laboratory for the discovery of many secrets concerning the appearance and development of life on Earth. Irresponsible behavior of land consumption driven only by financial interest and greed, could erase from this gem from our maps, that has been there with ages.

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''
*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

'''Size and placement'''

Lake Ohrid rightly deserves the name “Macedonia’s freshwater sea”. Not only for its warm water blue colour, which gains its intensity from the sky blue colour, but because of its size, this lake gives an impression of being a sea. It covers an area of 358 square kilometers and one gets an impression of being in front of a large bay of the sea as if a part had been uprooted of the sea’s breadth, and launched among high mountains 695 meters above sea level. On its northern shore the ancient city of Ohrid, rises above the lake like some colossal piece of scenery, located on a double hill with highest point at Samuel’s Fortress 800 m. above sea level.

The Lake is 30 km long, and its width varies from a maximum of 15 km, to an average of 11 km. Lake Ohrid has been found to be deepest 286 m., about 5 km from the shore, in the section between the fishing villages of Pestani and Trpejca. Its average depth is 151 m. The rare clarity of the water in Lake Ohrid whose translucency may reach down to depth of 22 meters, is due to numerous underwater springs all along the south and the east shores. Much of this water comes from Lake Prespa, which lies at a greater altitude and is also the outcome of a tectonic shift.

'''National park''' Right between ocean blue coloured waters of Lake Ohrid and Lake Prespa, mountain of Galicica is imposed with its towering limestone ridge. Due to its location, unusual natural beauty, scenery, aesthetic values, and exceptionally diverse and endemic flora and fauna, the Government of Republic of Macedonia has declared Galicica National Park in 1958. Galicica National Park encloses area of 25 000 ha. Lowest elevation in the park is Lake Ohrid (695m above sea level), next Lake Prespa (850m a.s.l.), and the highest point is the summit Magaro (2255m a.s.l.). South border of the National Park is also a national border with R. Albania, on the west the Park borders with the shoreline of Lake Ohrid. On the north, the border line passes through several landmarks, and connects both lakes. In addition to the extraordinary natural beauty and aesthetic values, Galicica is also a unique environment with well-preserved natural flora in several ecosystems. The flora in the National Park Galicica covers more than 800 species, among which there are numerous relict and endemic forms whose farthest limit of distribution is Mount Galicica itself.

'''Climate''' Owing of the influence of the Adriatic Sea, the Ohrid basin enjoys a modified Mediterranean varieties such as cypress, almond and fig trees. The whole valley and the surrounding mountains are situated in a basin where influences of several different climates those enjoyed by the Adriatic and Aegean coasts, the continental regions and the high mountains intermingle.

'''Flora and fauna''' With its unique flora and fauna the lake is one of the largest biological reserves in Europe. The earliest scientific studies, undertaken in the course of the 19th century, showed that, as one of the oldest lakes in the world, it has preserved primeval life - forms which no longer exist in other places or only exist as fossils. The fish in the lake are of particular significance. Lake Ohrid contains seventeen different species of fish belonging to the three groups: trout, white fish and eel.

Ten species of fish are endemic to Ohrid. The best - known are two kinds of trout, letnica (Salmo Letnica) and belvica(Acantholingua - Salmothymus ohridana), which are not to be found anywhere else. Besides eel, chub, carp and barbell there are also undermouth and moranec and a tiny fish called plasica, bleak (Alburnus alburnus alborella).

The endemic circular Ohrid sponge (ochridospongia rotunda) is one of the most interesting survivals in the lake. There are also other forms of sponge in the lake which are more widespread. The round Ohrid sponge however, has been compared by scientists only to sponges in the Lake of Tiberius in the Near East and in Lake Baikal. Tiberius and Baikal sponges are very ancient remains of a one - time living world in the Euro - Asian region which have been preserved up to the present day, each in its own lake habitat.

'''History and culture'''

In the treasury of European prehistory and history, Ohrid is a “live city” for 7500 years from which 2400 years is an urban capital on the coast of the magnificent Lake Ohrid. Rapid urbanization in the recent 50 years, has brought a lot of concrete and 'contemporary' usage of land, that actually in this case meant drying wetlands to create soil for buildings. When it comes

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Geographical.jpg|Geographical
Image:Widecontext.jpg|Wider context
Image:Grey_green.jpg|Canal Green-Grey separator?
Image:Canalarea.jpg|Area
Image:Northwest.jpg|Northwest view
Image:Arealview.jpg|Areal view southeast
Image:Blato.jpg|Trees in the wetlands
Image:Blato1.jpg|Blossoming reeds in swamp
Image:Staro_blato.jpg|The Hydro-biological Institute and the wetlands/canal(old)
Image:kanal.jpg|Pedestrian road next to canal
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Placement.jpeg|Placement
Image:Analysis-01.jpg|Circulation
Image:Wetlands.jpg|Area prevalence
Image:Topographyohrid.jpg|Topography
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''Look again at the multiple benefits of green infrastructure - what could be achieved in your site and which are most relevant?''

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Green infrastructure has typically multiple functions. What could be achieved for your site in this respect?''

Water management should be the biggest benefit as for the complexity of attributes the site has.

Multifunctional is the key word.

A very fragile area placed between the regional road and the Ohrid lake, in a center of touristic aggregation.

It has an economical potential for strategic investment/interpretation.

Gives space for innovation in terms of design and technologies.

Improvement integration of natural and urban (green/grey).

Connectivity/circulation by diverse cycle routes, pedestrian and green bridges.

Irrigation systems for agricultural activities and flood prevention(the level of the lake sometimes rises so high) at very risky levels.

Re-naturalization of habitat by linking the ladscape with ecological values would abort furthe fragmentation of the land and provide new connectivity.

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Projectiveswamp.jpg|Projection of wetlands restoring
Image:Sections_legend.jpg|Sections legend
Image:Promenade.jpg|Section AA
Image:Dolga_sekcija.jpg|Section BB
Image:Kanalsec.jpg|Section CC
Image:Plaza_sekcija.jpg|Section DD
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''100 words approx.''

== Image Gallery ==
''Please add further images/photos here''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:reed.jpg|Vista
Image:reed2.jpg|Vista reed lake promenade
Image:Regionalroad.jpg|Regional road - only along the lake to Albania
Image:Cubalibre.jpg|Bar Cuba Libre Beach
Image:Kadmo.jpg|Kadmo Bar Beach
Image:Most.jpg|The only bridge over the canal
Image:Birdskadmo.jpg|Swans on the beach
Image:Blato.jpg|Blossom reed
Image:Biljanini.jpg|Restaurant at Biljana's spring
Image:Alburnus.jpg|Alburnus
</gallery>

== References ==

*[http://www.macedonium.org/Macedonium.aspx?jazik=2&kid=9&pid=33&ppid=278&tid=2136]Fish species
[http://www.unipi.it/index.php/tutte-le-news/item/4877-scoperta-la-vera-et%C3%A0-del-lago-pi%C3%B9-antico-deuropa]Lake age publication

http://www.hio.edu.mk/

http://www.balkanology.com/macedonia/article_ohrid.html

http://www.exploringmacedonia.com/ohrid.nspx

http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/99

http://www.macedonia.co.uk/client/index1.aspx?page=376

http://www.macedoniancities.com/history/ohrid.asp

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

File:Alburnus.jpg

2014-11-30T20:27:11Z

Lilikji:

File:Biljanini.jpg

2014-11-30T20:26:21Z

Lilikji:

File:Blato 1.jpg

2014-11-30T20:24:59Z

Lilikji:

File:Birdskadmo.jpg

2014-11-30T20:22:17Z

Lilikji: kadmo

kadmo

Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group A - Case Study 1

2014-11-30T18:34:44Z

Lilikji: /* Projective drawings */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_A|working group A]]

'''''Ohrid Lake'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Ohrid Lake''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Macedonia''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ohrid''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ivana Lilikj''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Ohrid Canal Biljana Springs.jpeg |300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=41° 2' 50.1108
|lng=20° 42' 52.9992
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

Ohrid Lake is one of the oldest in Europe - around 1 million years, with endemic species that count 200. It is protected by UNESCO since 1979, and in 2014 was added to the UNESCO's World Network of Biosphere Reserves Ohrid-Prespa Transboundary Reserve between Albania and Macedonia, where the Lake resides in the mountainous region.
The unique aquatic eco-system is endangered by the both countries with mechanical and chemical-industrial pollution brought by the numerous rivers and springs flowing into the Lake, illegal fishing, land consumption combined with low environmental awareness and careless attitude of the people.
The selected area contains a space where springs enter the Lake, forming sort of canal where the fish called 'plasica'resides(very small endemic fish Alburnus alburnus alborella) combined with a wetlands-swamp-meadow system that is the 'lungs' of the lake containing large bio-diversity of flora and fauna. It is very endangered with the current(2014) urban plan that the Municipality gave, predicting hotel resorts and huge marina, to the already 25ha(out of which 15 under strong protection) of land crying for revitalization. There was a planned investment by German investor, but due to the recent changes, this has been canceled.
The canal is used for recreation and as a temporary marina. This area is with a high frequency of tourist, many bars and beaches, thus vehicles and many water boats.

== Author's perspective ==

I have Bachelor of Science in Architecture and currently enrolled to International Master of Landscape Architecture. I was born in Ohrid, and grew on the shore of the Ohrid Lake for 19 years. The Lake is an inevitable part of my life. I have always wanted to understand how this beautiful piece of nature operates, and at this point with the current challenges, maybe come up with something that can aid its existence. Perhaps come up with some new provocative solution for the people, and some eco-friendly solution for the bio-system. Lake Ohrid is one of the world’s natural reserves and is important to science because it has remained unchanged for a long time in the geological sense. This fact makes the lake an ideal laboratory for the discovery of many secrets concerning the appearance and development of life on Earth. Irresponsible behavior of land consumption driven only by financial interest and greed, could erase from this gem from our maps, that has been there with ages.

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''
*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

'''Size and placement'''

Lake Ohrid rightly deserves the name “Macedonia’s freshwater sea”. Not only for its warm water blue colour, which gains its intensity from the sky blue colour, but because of its size, this lake gives an impression of being a sea. It covers an area of 358 square kilometers and one gets an impression of being in front of a large bay of the sea as if a part had been uprooted of the sea’s breadth, and launched among high mountains 695 meters above sea level. On its northern shore the ancient city of Ohrid, rises above the lake like some colossal piece of scenery, located on a double hill with highest point at Samuel’s Fortress 800 m. above sea level.

The Lake is 30 km long, and its width varies from a maximum of 15 km, to an average of 11 km. Lake Ohrid has been found to be deepest 286 m., about 5 km from the shore, in the section between the fishing villages of Pestani and Trpejca. Its average depth is 151 m. The rare clarity of the water in Lake Ohrid whose translucency may reach down to depth of 22 meters, is due to numerous underwater springs all along the south and the east shores. Much of this water comes from Lake Prespa, which lies at a greater altitude and is also the outcome of a tectonic shift.

'''National park''' Right between ocean blue coloured waters of Lake Ohrid and Lake Prespa, mountain of Galicica is imposed with its towering limestone ridge. Due to its location, unusual natural beauty, scenery, aesthetic values, and exceptionally diverse and endemic flora and fauna, the Government of Republic of Macedonia has declared Galicica National Park in 1958. Galicica National Park encloses area of 25 000 ha. Lowest elevation in the park is Lake Ohrid (695m above sea level), next Lake Prespa (850m a.s.l.), and the highest point is the summit Magaro (2255m a.s.l.). South border of the National Park is also a national border with R. Albania, on the west the Park borders with the shoreline of Lake Ohrid. On the north, the border line passes through several landmarks, and connects both lakes. In addition to the extraordinary natural beauty and aesthetic values, Galicica is also a unique environment with well-preserved natural flora in several ecosystems. The flora in the National Park Galicica covers more than 800 species, among which there are numerous relict and endemic forms whose farthest limit of distribution is Mount Galicica itself.

'''Climate''' Owing of the influence of the Adriatic Sea, the Ohrid basin enjoys a modified Mediterranean varieties such as cypress, almond and fig trees. The whole valley and the surrounding mountains are situated in a basin where influences of several different climates those enjoyed by the Adriatic and Aegean coasts, the continental regions and the high mountains intermingle.

'''Flora and fauna''' With its unique flora and fauna the lake is one of the largest biological reserves in Europe. The earliest scientific studies, undertaken in the course of the 19th century, showed that, as one of the oldest lakes in the world, it has preserved primeval life - forms which no longer exist in other places or only exist as fossils. The fish in the lake are of particular significance. Lake Ohrid contains seventeen different species of fish belonging to the three groups: trout, white fish and eel.

Ten species of fish are endemic to Ohrid. The best - known are two kinds of trout, letnica (Salmo Letnica) and belvica(Acantholingua - Salmothymus ohridana), which are not to be found anywhere else. Besides eel, chub, carp and barbell there are also undermouth and moranec and a tiny fish called plasica, bleak (Alburnus alburnus alborella).

The endemic circular Ohrid sponge (ochridospongia rotunda) is one of the most interesting survivals in the lake. There are also other forms of sponge in the lake which are more widespread. The round Ohrid sponge however, has been compared by scientists only to sponges in the Lake of Tiberius in the Near East and in Lake Baikal. Tiberius and Baikal sponges are very ancient remains of a one - time living world in the Euro - Asian region which have been preserved up to the present day, each in its own lake habitat.

'''History and culture'''

In the treasury of European prehistory and history, Ohrid is a “live city” for 7500 years from which 2400 years is an urban capital on the coast of the magnificent Lake Ohrid. Rapid urbanization in the recent 50 years, has brought a lot of concrete and 'contemporary' usage of land, that actually in this case meant drying wetlands to create soil for buildings. When it comes

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Geographical.jpg|Geographical
Image:Widecontext.jpg|Wider context
Image:Grey_green.jpg|Canal Green-Grey separator?
Image:Canalarea.jpg|Area
Image:Northwest.jpg|Northwest view
Image:Arealview.jpg|Areal view southeast
Image:Blato.jpg|Trees in the wetlands
Image:Blato1.jpg|Blossoming reeds in swamp
Image:Staro_blato.jpg|The Hydro-biological Institute and the wetlands/canal(old)
Image:kanal.jpg|Pedestrian road next to canal
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Placement.jpeg|Placement
Image:Analysis-01.jpg|Circulation
Image:Wetlands.jpg|Area prevalence
Image:Topographyohrid.jpg|Topography
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''Look again at the multiple benefits of green infrastructure - what could be achieved in your site and which are most relevant?''

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Green infrastructure has typically multiple functions. What could be achieved for your site in this respect?''

Water management should be the biggest benefit as for the complexity of attributes the site has.

Multifunctional is the key word.

A very fragile area placed between the regional road and the Ohrid lake, in a center of touristic aggregation.

It has an economical potential for strategic investment/interpretation.

Gives space for innovation in terms of design and technologies.

Improvement integration of natural and urban (green/grey).

Connectivity/circulation by diverse cycle routes, pedestrian and green bridges.

Irrigation systems for agricultural activities and flood prevention(the level of the lake sometimes rises so high) at very risky levels.

Re-naturalization of habitat by linking the ladscape with ecological values would abort furthe fragmentation of the land and provide new connectivity.

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Projectiveswamp.jpg|Projection of wetlands restoring
Image:Sections_legend.jpg|Sections legend
Image:Promenade.jpg|Section AA
Image:Dolga_sekcija.jpg|Section BB
Image:Kanalsec.jpg|Section CC
Image:Plaza_sekcija.jpg|Section DD
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''100 words approx.''

== Image Gallery ==
''Please add further images/photos here''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:reed.jpg|Vista
Image:reed2.jpg|Vista reed lake promenade
Image:Regionalroad.jpg|Regional road - only along the lake to Albania
Image:Cubalibre.jpg|Bar Cuba Libre Beach
Image:Kadmo.jpg|Kadmo Bar Beach
Image:Most.jpg|The only bridge over the canal
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
</gallery>

== References ==

*[http://www.macedonium.org/Macedonium.aspx?jazik=2&kid=9&pid=33&ppid=278&tid=2136]Fish species
[http://www.unipi.it/index.php/tutte-le-news/item/4877-scoperta-la-vera-et%C3%A0-del-lago-pi%C3%B9-antico-deuropa]Lake age publication

http://www.hio.edu.mk/

http://www.balkanology.com/macedonia/article_ohrid.html

http://www.exploringmacedonia.com/ohrid.nspx

http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/99

http://www.macedonia.co.uk/client/index1.aspx?page=376

http://www.macedoniancities.com/history/ohrid.asp

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

File:Plaza sekcija.jpg

2014-11-30T18:28:22Z

Lilikji: Section DD

Section DD

File:Kanalsec.jpg

2014-11-30T18:27:11Z

Lilikji: Section CC

Section CC

File:Dolga sekcija.jpg

2014-11-30T18:25:48Z

Lilikji: Section BB

Section BB

File:Promenade.jpg

2014-11-30T18:24:25Z

Lilikji: Section AA

Section AA

File:Sections legend.jpg

2014-11-30T18:22:00Z

Lilikji: legend

legend

File:Projectiveswamp.jpg

2014-11-30T16:38:04Z

Lilikji: Lilikji uploaded a new version of "File:Projectiveswamp.jpg"

bio restoration

Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group A - Case Study 1

2014-11-29T17:20:21Z

Lilikji: /* Projective drawings */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_A|working group A]]

'''''Ohrid Lake'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Ohrid Lake''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Macedonia''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ohrid''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ivana Lilikj''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Ohrid Canal Biljana Springs.jpeg |300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=41° 2' 50.1108
|lng=20° 42' 52.9992
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

Ohrid Lake is one of the oldest in Europe - around 1 million years, with endemic species that count 200. It is protected by UNESCO since 1979, and in 2014 was added to the UNESCO's World Network of Biosphere Reserves Ohrid-Prespa Transboundary Reserve between Albania and Macedonia, where the Lake resides in the mountainous region.
The unique aquatic eco-system is endangered by the both countries with mechanical and chemical-industrial pollution brought by the numerous rivers and springs flowing into the Lake, illegal fishing, land consumption combined with low environmental awareness and careless attitude of the people.
The selected area contains a space where springs enter the Lake, forming sort of canal where the fish called 'plasica'resides(very small endemic fish Alburnus alburnus alborella) combined with a wetlands-swamp-meadow system that is the 'lungs' of the lake containing large bio-diversity of flora and fauna. It is very endangered with the current(2014) urban plan that the Municipality gave, predicting hotel resorts and huge marina, to the already 25ha(out of which 15 under strong protection) of land crying for revitalization. There was a planned investment by German investor, but due to the recent changes, this has been canceled.
The canal is used for recreation and as a temporary marina. This area is with a high frequency of tourist, many bars and beaches, thus vehicles and many water boats.

== Author's perspective ==

I have Bachelor of Science in Architecture and currently enrolled to International Master of Landscape Architecture. I was born in Ohrid, and grew on the shore of the Ohrid Lake for 19 years. The Lake is an inevitable part of my life. I have always wanted to understand how this beautiful piece of nature operates, and at this point with the current challenges, maybe come up with something that can aid its existence. Perhaps come up with some new provocative solution for the people, and some eco-friendly solution for the bio-system. Lake Ohrid is one of the world’s natural reserves and is important to science because it has remained unchanged for a long time in the geological sense. This fact makes the lake an ideal laboratory for the discovery of many secrets concerning the appearance and development of life on Earth. Irresponsible behavior of land consumption driven only by financial interest and greed, could erase from this gem from our maps, that has been there with ages.

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''
*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

'''Size and placement'''

Lake Ohrid rightly deserves the name “Macedonia’s freshwater sea”. Not only for its warm water blue colour, which gains its intensity from the sky blue colour, but because of its size, this lake gives an impression of being a sea. It covers an area of 358 square kilometers and one gets an impression of being in front of a large bay of the sea as if a part had been uprooted of the sea’s breadth, and launched among high mountains 695 meters above sea level. On its northern shore the ancient city of Ohrid, rises above the lake like some colossal piece of scenery, located on a double hill with highest point at Samuel’s Fortress 800 m. above sea level.

The Lake is 30 km long, and its width varies from a maximum of 15 km, to an average of 11 km. Lake Ohrid has been found to be deepest 286 m., about 5 km from the shore, in the section between the fishing villages of Pestani and Trpejca. Its average depth is 151 m. The rare clarity of the water in Lake Ohrid whose translucency may reach down to depth of 22 meters, is due to numerous underwater springs all along the south and the east shores. Much of this water comes from Lake Prespa, which lies at a greater altitude and is also the outcome of a tectonic shift.

'''National park''' Right between ocean blue coloured waters of Lake Ohrid and Lake Prespa, mountain of Galicica is imposed with its towering limestone ridge. Due to its location, unusual natural beauty, scenery, aesthetic values, and exceptionally diverse and endemic flora and fauna, the Government of Republic of Macedonia has declared Galicica National Park in 1958. Galicica National Park encloses area of 25 000 ha. Lowest elevation in the park is Lake Ohrid (695m above sea level), next Lake Prespa (850m a.s.l.), and the highest point is the summit Magaro (2255m a.s.l.). South border of the National Park is also a national border with R. Albania, on the west the Park borders with the shoreline of Lake Ohrid. On the north, the border line passes through several landmarks, and connects both lakes. In addition to the extraordinary natural beauty and aesthetic values, Galicica is also a unique environment with well-preserved natural flora in several ecosystems. The flora in the National Park Galicica covers more than 800 species, among which there are numerous relict and endemic forms whose farthest limit of distribution is Mount Galicica itself.

'''Climate''' Owing of the influence of the Adriatic Sea, the Ohrid basin enjoys a modified Mediterranean varieties such as cypress, almond and fig trees. The whole valley and the surrounding mountains are situated in a basin where influences of several different climates those enjoyed by the Adriatic and Aegean coasts, the continental regions and the high mountains intermingle.

'''Flora and fauna''' With its unique flora and fauna the lake is one of the largest biological reserves in Europe. The earliest scientific studies, undertaken in the course of the 19th century, showed that, as one of the oldest lakes in the world, it has preserved primeval life - forms which no longer exist in other places or only exist as fossils. The fish in the lake are of particular significance. Lake Ohrid contains seventeen different species of fish belonging to the three groups: trout, white fish and eel.

Ten species of fish are endemic to Ohrid. The best - known are two kinds of trout, letnica (Salmo Letnica) and belvica(Acantholingua - Salmothymus ohridana), which are not to be found anywhere else. Besides eel, chub, carp and barbell there are also undermouth and moranec and a tiny fish called plasica, bleak (Alburnus alburnus alborella).

The endemic circular Ohrid sponge (ochridospongia rotunda) is one of the most interesting survivals in the lake. There are also other forms of sponge in the lake which are more widespread. The round Ohrid sponge however, has been compared by scientists only to sponges in the Lake of Tiberius in the Near East and in Lake Baikal. Tiberius and Baikal sponges are very ancient remains of a one - time living world in the Euro - Asian region which have been preserved up to the present day, each in its own lake habitat.

'''History and culture'''

In the treasury of European prehistory and history, Ohrid is a “live city” for 7500 years from which 2400 years is an urban capital on the coast of the magnificent Lake Ohrid. Rapid urbanization in the recent 50 years, has brought a lot of concrete and 'contemporary' usage of land, that actually in this case meant drying wetlands to create soil for buildings. When it comes

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Geographical.jpg|Geographical
Image:Widecontext.jpg|Wider context
Image:Grey_green.jpg|Canal Green-Grey separator?
Image:Canalarea.jpg|Area
Image:Northwest.jpg|Northwest view
Image:Arealview.jpg|Areal view southeast
Image:Blato.jpg|Trees in the wetlands
Image:Blato1.jpg|Blossoming reeds in swamp
Image:Staro_blato.jpg|The Hydro-biological Institute and the wetlands/canal(old)
Image:kanal.jpg|Pedestrian road next to canal
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Placement.jpeg|Placement
Image:Analysis-01.jpg|Circulation
Image:Wetlands.jpg|Area prevalence
Image:Topographyohrid.jpg|Topography
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''Look again at the multiple benefits of green infrastructure - what could be achieved in your site and which are most relevant?''

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Green infrastructure has typically multiple functions. What could be achieved for your site in this respect?''

Water management should be the biggest benefit as for the complexity of attributes the site has.

Multifunctional is the key word.

A very fragile area placed between the regional road and the Ohrid lake, in a center of touristic aggregation.

It has an economical potential for strategic investment/interpretation.

Gives space for innovation in terms of design and technologies.

Improvement integration of natural and urban (green/grey).

Connectivity/circulation by diverse cycle routes, pedestrian and green bridges.

Irrigation systems for agricultural activities and flood prevention(the level of the lake sometimes rises so high) at very risky levels.

Re-naturalization of habitat by linking the ladscape with ecological values would abort furthe fragmentation of the land and provide new connectivity.

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Projectiveswamp.jpg|Projection of wetlands restoring
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''100 words approx.''

== Image Gallery ==
''Please add further images/photos here''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:reed.jpg|Vista
Image:reed2.jpg|Vista reed lake promenade
Image:Regionalroad.jpg|Regional road - only along the lake to Albania
Image:Cubalibre.jpg|Bar Cuba Libre Beach
Image:Kadmo.jpg|Kadmo Bar Beach
Image:Most.jpg|The only bridge over the canal
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
</gallery>

== References ==

*[http://www.macedonium.org/Macedonium.aspx?jazik=2&kid=9&pid=33&ppid=278&tid=2136]Fish species
[http://www.unipi.it/index.php/tutte-le-news/item/4877-scoperta-la-vera-et%C3%A0-del-lago-pi%C3%B9-antico-deuropa]Lake age publication

http://www.hio.edu.mk/

http://www.balkanology.com/macedonia/article_ohrid.html

http://www.exploringmacedonia.com/ohrid.nspx

http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/99

http://www.macedonia.co.uk/client/index1.aspx?page=376

http://www.macedoniancities.com/history/ohrid.asp

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

File:Projectiveswamp.jpg

2014-11-29T17:18:36Z

Lilikji: bio restoration

bio restoration

Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group A - Case Study 1

2014-11-26T21:56:33Z

Lilikji: /* Analytical drawings */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_A|working group A]]

'''''Ohrid Lake'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Ohrid Lake''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Macedonia''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ohrid''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ivana Lilikj''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Ohrid Canal Biljana Springs.jpeg |300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=41° 2' 50.1108
|lng=20° 42' 52.9992
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

Ohrid Lake is one of the oldest in Europe - around 1 million years, with endemic species that count 200. It is protected by UNESCO since 1979, and in 2014 was added to the UNESCO's World Network of Biosphere Reserves Ohrid-Prespa Transboundary Reserve between Albania and Macedonia, where the Lake resides in the mountainous region.
The unique aquatic eco-system is endangered by the both countries with mechanical and chemical-industrial pollution brought by the numerous rivers and springs flowing into the Lake, illegal fishing, land consumption combined with low environmental awareness and careless attitude of the people.
The selected area contains a space where springs enter the Lake, forming sort of canal where the fish called 'plasica'resides(very small endemic fish Alburnus alburnus alborella) combined with a wetlands-swamp-meadow system that is the 'lungs' of the lake containing large bio-diversity of flora and fauna. It is very endangered with the current(2014) urban plan that the Municipality gave, predicting hotel resorts and huge marina, to the already 25ha(out of which 15 under strong protection) of land crying for revitalization. There was a planned investment by German investor, but due to the recent changes, this has been canceled.
The canal is used for recreation and as a temporary marina. This area is with a high frequency of tourist, many bars and beaches, thus vehicles and many water boats.

== Author's perspective ==

I have Bachelor of Science in Architecture and currently enrolled to International Master of Landscape Architecture. I was born in Ohrid, and grew on the shore of the Ohrid Lake for 19 years. The Lake is an inevitable part of my life. I have always wanted to understand how this beautiful piece of nature operates, and at this point with the current challenges, maybe come up with something that can aid its existence. Perhaps come up with some new provocative solution for the people, and some eco-friendly solution for the bio-system. Lake Ohrid is one of the world’s natural reserves and is important to science because it has remained unchanged for a long time in the geological sense. This fact makes the lake an ideal laboratory for the discovery of many secrets concerning the appearance and development of life on Earth. Irresponsible behavior of land consumption driven only by financial interest and greed, could erase from this gem from our maps, that has been there with ages.

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''
*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

'''Size and placement'''

Lake Ohrid rightly deserves the name “Macedonia’s freshwater sea”. Not only for its warm water blue colour, which gains its intensity from the sky blue colour, but because of its size, this lake gives an impression of being a sea. It covers an area of 358 square kilometers and one gets an impression of being in front of a large bay of the sea as if a part had been uprooted of the sea’s breadth, and launched among high mountains 695 meters above sea level. On its northern shore the ancient city of Ohrid, rises above the lake like some colossal piece of scenery, located on a double hill with highest point at Samuel’s Fortress 800 m. above sea level.

The Lake is 30 km long, and its width varies from a maximum of 15 km, to an average of 11 km. Lake Ohrid has been found to be deepest 286 m., about 5 km from the shore, in the section between the fishing villages of Pestani and Trpejca. Its average depth is 151 m. The rare clarity of the water in Lake Ohrid whose translucency may reach down to depth of 22 meters, is due to numerous underwater springs all along the south and the east shores. Much of this water comes from Lake Prespa, which lies at a greater altitude and is also the outcome of a tectonic shift.

'''National park''' Right between ocean blue coloured waters of Lake Ohrid and Lake Prespa, mountain of Galicica is imposed with its towering limestone ridge. Due to its location, unusual natural beauty, scenery, aesthetic values, and exceptionally diverse and endemic flora and fauna, the Government of Republic of Macedonia has declared Galicica National Park in 1958. Galicica National Park encloses area of 25 000 ha. Lowest elevation in the park is Lake Ohrid (695m above sea level), next Lake Prespa (850m a.s.l.), and the highest point is the summit Magaro (2255m a.s.l.). South border of the National Park is also a national border with R. Albania, on the west the Park borders with the shoreline of Lake Ohrid. On the north, the border line passes through several landmarks, and connects both lakes. In addition to the extraordinary natural beauty and aesthetic values, Galicica is also a unique environment with well-preserved natural flora in several ecosystems. The flora in the National Park Galicica covers more than 800 species, among which there are numerous relict and endemic forms whose farthest limit of distribution is Mount Galicica itself.

'''Climate''' Owing of the influence of the Adriatic Sea, the Ohrid basin enjoys a modified Mediterranean varieties such as cypress, almond and fig trees. The whole valley and the surrounding mountains are situated in a basin where influences of several different climates those enjoyed by the Adriatic and Aegean coasts, the continental regions and the high mountains intermingle.

'''Flora and fauna''' With its unique flora and fauna the lake is one of the largest biological reserves in Europe. The earliest scientific studies, undertaken in the course of the 19th century, showed that, as one of the oldest lakes in the world, it has preserved primeval life - forms which no longer exist in other places or only exist as fossils. The fish in the lake are of particular significance. Lake Ohrid contains seventeen different species of fish belonging to the three groups: trout, white fish and eel.

Ten species of fish are endemic to Ohrid. The best - known are two kinds of trout, letnica (Salmo Letnica) and belvica(Acantholingua - Salmothymus ohridana), which are not to be found anywhere else. Besides eel, chub, carp and barbell there are also undermouth and moranec and a tiny fish called plasica, bleak (Alburnus alburnus alborella).

The endemic circular Ohrid sponge (ochridospongia rotunda) is one of the most interesting survivals in the lake. There are also other forms of sponge in the lake which are more widespread. The round Ohrid sponge however, has been compared by scientists only to sponges in the Lake of Tiberius in the Near East and in Lake Baikal. Tiberius and Baikal sponges are very ancient remains of a one - time living world in the Euro - Asian region which have been preserved up to the present day, each in its own lake habitat.

'''History and culture'''

In the treasury of European prehistory and history, Ohrid is a “live city” for 7500 years from which 2400 years is an urban capital on the coast of the magnificent Lake Ohrid. Rapid urbanization in the recent 50 years, has brought a lot of concrete and 'contemporary' usage of land, that actually in this case meant drying wetlands to create soil for buildings. When it comes

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Geographical.jpg|Geographical
Image:Widecontext.jpg|Wider context
Image:Grey_green.jpg|Canal Green-Grey separator?
Image:Canalarea.jpg|Area
Image:Northwest.jpg|Northwest view
Image:Arealview.jpg|Areal view southeast
Image:Blato.jpg|Trees in the wetlands
Image:Blato1.jpg|Blossoming reeds in swamp
Image:Staro_blato.jpg|The Hydro-biological Institute and the wetlands/canal(old)
Image:kanal.jpg|Pedestrian road next to canal
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Placement.jpeg|Placement
Image:Analysis-01.jpg|Circulation
Image:Wetlands.jpg|Area prevalence
Image:Topographyohrid.jpg|Topography
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''Look again at the multiple benefits of green infrastructure - what could be achieved in your site and which are most relevant?''

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Green infrastructure has typically multiple functions. What could be achieved for your site in this respect?''

Water management should be the biggest benefit as for the complexity of attributes the site has.

Multifunctional is the key word.

A very fragile area placed between the regional road and the Ohrid lake, in a center of touristic aggregation.

It has an economical potential for strategic investment/interpretation.

Gives space for innovation in terms of design and technologies.

Improvement integration of natural and urban (green/grey).

Connectivity/circulation by diverse cycle routes, pedestrian and green bridges.

Irrigation systems for agricultural activities and flood prevention(the level of the lake sometimes rises so high) at very risky levels.

Re-naturalization of habitat by linking the ladscape with ecological values would abort furthe fragmentation of the land and provide new connectivity.

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''100 words approx.''

== Image Gallery ==
''Please add further images/photos here''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:reed.jpg|Vista
Image:reed2.jpg|Vista reed lake promenade
Image:Regionalroad.jpg|Regional road - only along the lake to Albania
Image:Cubalibre.jpg|Bar Cuba Libre Beach
Image:Kadmo.jpg|Kadmo Bar Beach
Image:Most.jpg|The only bridge over the canal
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
</gallery>

== References ==

*[http://www.macedonium.org/Macedonium.aspx?jazik=2&kid=9&pid=33&ppid=278&tid=2136]Fish species
[http://www.unipi.it/index.php/tutte-le-news/item/4877-scoperta-la-vera-et%C3%A0-del-lago-pi%C3%B9-antico-deuropa]Lake age publication

http://www.hio.edu.mk/

http://www.balkanology.com/macedonia/article_ohrid.html

http://www.exploringmacedonia.com/ohrid.nspx

http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/99

http://www.macedonia.co.uk/client/index1.aspx?page=376

http://www.macedoniancities.com/history/ohrid.asp

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories