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Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group K

2015-01-26T20:20:26Z

Kianik: /* Projective drawings */

---> back to group page [[Green Infrastructure 2014 - Working Group K|working group K]]

'''''Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design for the Rural Settlement Tvrdošovce and its Surrounding Landscape'''''

authors ''(in alphabetical order)'': Kimia Kiani (KK) - Milena Stefanovic (MS) - Attila Toth (AT) - Fadera Williams (FW)

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Tvrdošovce Municipality''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Nitra Region / Danube Lowland''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Slovakia''
|-
| '''Authors (in alphabetical order)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Kimia Kiani - Milena Stefanovic - Attila Toth - Fadera Williams''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:SettlementLandscapeImage.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=48.094962
|lng=18.067343
|zoom=12
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and Urban Context of the Case Study ==
*'''''Biogeography and Overall Character'''
The geographical location and high quality arable land have predestined agriculture to become the main land use of the municipal territory of Tvrdošovce (Tardoskedd) since centuries. The soil fertility has an organic origin based on specific natural and water conditions formed by wetlands and marshlands, small watercourses and bodies of water within and around the rural settlement. The small intra-urban lakes stand for an ecological peculiarity and natural value of the site and they have become an integral component of the intra-urban area due to urban development. The small rural town is spatially and functionally linked with the surrounding agricultural landscape. The high soil fertility is one of the major potentials of the municipality and its future quality is determined by a sustainable water management in the landscape. The municipality of Tvrdošovce is located in the Danube Lowland, at an altitude of 112 to 125 metres above mean sea level. It lies on the main state road I/75. The total cadastral territory is 55.56 km2. Tvrdošovce borders on 6 municipalities - Vlčany, Selice, Jatov, Rastislavice, Šurany and Palárikovo.

''(AT 2012; Master Plan of Tvrdošovce Municipality 2006)''
*'''''Potential Natural Vegetation'''
The potential natural vegetation of the site is represented by ''Ash-Elm-Oak Forests in Catchment Areas of Major Rivers'' ("hard" floodplain forests) with the representation of following species: ''Ulmenion (Ulmus minor, Ulmus laevis, Quercus robur, Sambucus nigra, Allium ursinum, Anemone ranunculoides)''. The potential natural vegetation in the surrounding areas is represented by ''Willow-Poplar Forests in Floodplains of Large Rivers'' ("soft" floodplain forests) (Southwest) and ''Hygrophilous Lowland Peri-Pannonian Oak-Hornbeam Forests'' (Northeast).

''(AT 2012; Landscape Atlas of the Slovak Republic, 2002)''
*'''''Geology, Soil & Water'''
The geological bedrock consists of Neogene sedimentary basins comprised of gray and multicoloured clays, dust, sand, gravel, lignite layers, freshwater limestones and tuffs. The main geochemical rock types are sandstones and clay stones. The site belongs to the sub-region of fluvial deposits and aeolian sands on fluvial deposits. The whole area is located in the region of tectonic depressions. The Quaternary cover is predominantly alluvial humic loam or loamy-sandy to gravelly-sandy loam of floodplains. The basic relief type is represented by plains or softly undulating plains. The relief shape is characterized by loess plateaus. The area lies on the interface between two geomorphologic units - flatlands of the Danube River and hilly areas of the Nitra Region.

Nearly the entire municipal territory of Tvrdošovce is covered by the most fertile soil types of Slovakia - Mollic Fluvisols and Chernozems. The agricultural land has high humus content (2.3 %). There are also local Salt Marshes and Solonetzes of carbonate-fluvial and loess sediments. In terms moisture regime, the soils range from moderately dry to moderately moist with a neutral to slightly alkaline soil-reaction. In terms of granularity, there are non-skeletal loamy-sandy, sandy-loamy and loamy soils.

The most important hydro-geological collectors are clays, gravels and sands. The whole area belongs to the Váh River Basin. There are small watercourses (streams), mainly with a soil ameliorating (land draining) function, relatively low flow rates and an unsatisfactory quality of water. These anthropogenic micro-river-basins underwent vast water management adjustments. Only some small streams have an unadjusted bed. Most of the watercourses have a strong oxygen deficiency and a high level of eutrophication. North of the urban area, there is an irrigation water reservoir with an area of 1 ha used as a pond. The groundwater is stabilized at a depth of 2.9 to 3.5 m below the surface. There is a geothermal well at the south-eastern border of the urban area reaching a depth of 2,406 m and a temperature of 68 ° C to 71 ° C.

''(AT 2012; Master Plan of Tvrdošovce Municipality 2006; Landscape Atlas of the Slovak Republic, 2002)''
*'''''Climate, Temperature, Precipitation & Wind'''
The site is located in the hottest areas of Slovakia - the Danube Lowland. It belongs to the warm climate zone (warm and dry district with mild winter) and the lowland sub-zone of Slovak climate with prevailing oceanic influence.

The average annual air temperature ranges between 9 and 10 ° C. The average annual temperature of the active soil surface is higher than 12 ° C. The warmest month is July with an average air temperature of 19.7 ° C. The coldest month is January with an average air temperature of -2.1 ° C. There are on average 15 tropical days a year (days with a temperature above 30 ° C), 66 summer days (days with the highest air temperature ≥ 25 ° C) and 22 ice days (days with an air temperature of 0 ° C).

The mean annual rainfall is 541 mm - the highest rainfall is in June and July (58 mm). The maximum annual rainfall is 834 mm; the minimum annual rainfall is 308 mm. Snow cover lasts on average 37 days a year, the average maximum snow cover is 20 cm. Duration of the sunshine is approximately 2,200 hours per year. The average snow cover ranges between 6.2 and 16.8 cm. The average number of days with snow is 36, the maximum number of days with snow is 87 and the lowest number of days with snow is 3.

There is a prevailing north-westerly windflow, the overall wind conditions are mild, the average wind speed ranges from 2.6 to 4.6 metres per second.

''(AT 2012; Landscape Atlas of the Slovak Republic, 2002)
''
*'''''Current Land Use Structure'''
Arable land (43.92 km2 / 79 %); Built-up area (3.44 km2 / 6 %); Permanent grasslands (2.84 km2 / 5 %); Bodies of water (1.67 km2 / 3 %); Gardens (1.26 km2 / 2 %); Orchards (0.83 km2 / 2 %); Vineyards (0.62 km2 / 1 %); Forests and Woods (0.41 km2 / 1 %); Other areas (0.58 km2 / 1 %)

''(Master Plan of Tvrdošovce Municipality 2006)''
*'''''Cultural Features, Local Identity, Architectural & Spatial Landmarks'''
The image of rural settlements and landscapes in the Danube Lowland is significantly formed by extensive agriculture with small forests and non-forest woody vegetation such as accompanying vegetation of field roads, railways, watercourses or other linear and areal elements of the landscape. Tvrdošovce can be understood in this context as a representative case study of large rural settlements in agricultural lowlands of south-western Slovakia. The perceived landscape is a far-reaching flatland that one may call "horizon landscape". The perceived landscape image is usually framed in by non-forest woody vegetation formations as only one smaller mountain range is visible in the distance (ranging from 142 to 829 MASL).

The main architectural landmark of Tvrdošovce as well as of other rural settlements in this region is the baroque church with a distinctive tower visible from far when approaching the small town. This architectural landmark is culturally bound to the perception of the site and therefore significantly forms the local identity through its cultural and historical legacy. Very specific landscape features are also other sacral elements in the form of small architecture, such as small sacral monuments, roadside crosses or other sacred sculptures usually accompanied by old deciduous trees such as Aesculus hippocastanum (in this region) and other trees such as Tilia sp., Quercus sp. and other species.

The most distinctive spatial feature of the town is the historic centre with a wide linear open space framed in on both sides by low architectural volumes (1-2 storey-buildings, mostly housing with front gardens). The public part of the open space consists of a central green space which is framed in by a road with pathway. The uniqueness of this streetscape is underlined by the central green space and the historical legacy of the oldest part of the urban area. The site is dominated by the main architectural landmark - the church located in the geographical centre of the historical town centre. This distinctive spatial arrangement of rural settlements is referred to as Anger or Angerdorf (in German literature), Náves (in Slovak and Czech literature) or Orsós Falu (in Hungarian literature). As the Anglo-Saxon urban development is different from the one in Central Europe, it is hard to define a relevant English equivalent to these terms, but a similar urban structure is referred to as The Common or Village with a Common or Green Village in English literature.

*'''''History & Dynamics from the Early Bronze Age till the 1950s'''
The first signs of settlement date back to the Early Bronze Age and later to the Early and Late Roman Period. The famous ''Limes Romanus'' stretched about 2-3 km south of the settlement. After approximately 2 centuries of Slavonic settlement, the first Hungarian settlement is dated back to 970-1020, approximately a century after the arrival of Hungarian settlers to the ''Danube Lowland'', due to the '''marshy character of the landscape'''. This swampy land was a kind of protective space for the inhabitants throughout the centuries till the Middle Ages.

The first written report dates back to 1221. The settlement laid on an important medieval road from Budapest to Bohemia and Poland. The Tatars bypassed the village in 1241 because of the swampy ground.

In 1332 King ''Károly I.'' mentions the settlement under the name ''Turdesqed''. In the 14th century the original church was built as a Romanesque chapel, later rebuilt with some elements of the Early Gothic. The settlement was intensively developing in the 13th and 14th century and is mentioned as ''Tardoskedde'', ''Turdaskeddi'', ''Turdesqued'', ''Tardos Kegy'' and other variations (stabilized in the late 19th century to ''Tardoskedd'').

In the 16th century, the settlement is already mentioned as a '''developed central village'''. It is mentioned among the richest villages of the region. During the Turkish incursions, the inhabitants fled to the marshland called ''Faluhely'' in the surrounding landscape for almost 100 years.

Emperor ''Ferdinánd III.'' confers the right of '''small town''' "Mezőváros" (Lat. '''Oppidum''', Eng. '''Market Town''' - ruled by a squire; which had the right to organize markets, but did not have the right to build a fortification or town wall, only paling was allowed - Author´s Note). In the second half of the 17th century, Turkish troops plundered the settlement. The inhabitants hid again in the '''marshlands which surrounded the town'''. In the tax register from 1664, the town is referred to as personal property of a Turkish Pasha. The ''Nové Zámky Fortress'' (near Tardoskedd) was conquered (reclaimed) in 1685 by the imperial chieftain ''Charles of Lorraine''.

In the 18th century, the development of the settlement was marked by the Rákóczi Uprising (Rákóczi conquered the Nové Zámky Fortress in 1704). After this, the settlement becomes a big military camp with a military postal system. Based on a local legend/tradition, there was a battle between the Kuruc army (rebels against the Habsburgs - Author´s note) and the imperial army at the so called ''Rákóczi Hill'' (located in the present cemetery and marked with a historic monument - Author´s note), where hundreds of imperial (Habsburg) soldiers were conquered. In memory of winning the battle, a monument was built on the mentioned hill.

The church was vastly rebuilt in the period between 1707 and 1725 (into the present Baroque style - Author´s note); in 1753 a Calvary was built at the church. Under the reign of Maria Theresia (1740-1780), Tardoskedd became an important '''town''' on the royal road from Vienna to Buda '''with the right to organize markets'''. There were famous regional cattle fairs, possibility of horse re-harness and a large royal hotel near the town, in Csike, where even Maria Theresa stayed overnight several times. According to the census from 1779, the town had 2288 inhabitants.

After the revolution (1848-1849) the building of the '''railway from Budapest to Vienna''' through Marchegg was finished and opened in 1850. The first permanent post office was established in 1868.

After World War II., many '''privately owned properties were confiscated in 1948/1949''' - all shops and inns were expropriated and managed by Jednota (consumer cooperative "Unity" - Author´s Note). In February 1950, the Unified Cooperative Farm was established, in order to manage the collectivisation of agriculture in the town. Besides expropriation of privately owned establishments and collectivisation of agricultural land, the town was markedly influenced by eviction and deportation of inhabitants. In 1948-1954, a sports complex was established in the garden of the wealthy Juhász Family Farmyard. Next to the stadium a swimming pool was built in 1955-1957.

(Tvrdošovce Municipality 2014; AT 2012-2014; Buda 2009)

*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Green_Infrastructure_of_Tvrdošovce_in_the_Micro-Regional_Context.jpeg|Micro-Regional Context
Image:Changes_in_the_Landscape_Structure_18th-21st_Century.jpeg|Landscape Structure Dynamics
Image:Layer_Maps_Tvrdosovce.jpeg|Components and Features of the Current Landscape Structure
Image:LandscapeHistory18thCentury.jpg|Landscape History - 18th Century
Image:LandscapeHistory19.jpeg|Landscape History - 19th Century
Image:LandscapeContextAndStructure1950.jpeg|Landscape History - Spatial Context and Landscape Structure just before Collectivization of Agriculture in 1950
Image:LandscapeContextAndStructureNOW.jpeg|Landscape Reality - Current Spatial Context and Landscape Structure
</gallery>

== What are the overall objectives of your design? What are the specific objectives for enhancing green infrastrucutre? ==

''Please give a short written argumentation (not more than 150 words). It is ok if you have different or even contradicting objectives within your group. Just make it explicit at the beginning of your process ''

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing.''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:CurrentLandscapeStructureAT.jpeg|Analytical Drawing 1: Spatial Analysis of the Current Landscape Structure by Attila Tóth
Image:TVRDOSOCVCE_analytical.jpg|Analytical Drawing 2 by Fadera Williams
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|analytical drawing 3
Image:Analytical Drawing.png|Analytical drawing for Rybnic lake by Kimia Kiani
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes), of course with an emphasis on green infrastructure aspects. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing representing his/her individual ideas.''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Projective_drawing_GIseminar_at_s.jpg|Projective Drawing 1: Improvement of the Green Infrastructure Connectivity and Spatial Integrity in the Landscape by Attila Tóth
Image:Projective_drawing_Milena.png|Projective drawing 2: Connecting Tvrdosovce landscape with Danube and European Green Belt by Milena Stefanovic
Image:TVRDOSOVCE_Projective.jpg|Projective Drawing 3 by Fadera Williams
Image:Projective.png|Projective for Rybnic lake(Recreation and earning money)- Kimia Kiani
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==
''Please analyse the individual approaches presented so far and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses (you may use the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis SWOT]analysis model). Try to create a synthesis and represent it with a plan and some sketches. You can still use drawings/sketches.''

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|synthesis drawing 1
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|synthesis drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|synthesis drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|synthesis drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''Please reflect on your collaborative design process. Which potentials have you encountered? What was most difficult? What does collaborative design mean for you? (approx 150 words).''

== Image Gallery ==
''Exploring the Features of the Landscape within and around Tvrdošovce''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:LandscapeContext.jpeg|Regional Identity
Image:LandscapeContext2.jpeg|Landscape Context
Image:SettlementLandscapeImage.jpg|Settlement & Landscape Image
Image:AgriculturalLandscapes.jpg|Agricultural Landscapes
Image:WaterLandscape.jpg|Water in the Landscape
Image:AgricultureLegacy.jpeg|Agricultural Legacy
Image:ArchLandmark.jpg|Architectural Landmark
Image:Wildlife.jpg|Wildlife
</gallery>

== References ==
BUDA, František. 2009. Tvrdošovce-Tardoskedd: Kapitoly o minulosti, súčasnosti, obyvateľstve a zaujímavostiach Tvrdošoviec. Komárno: Print-K, 2009, 334 s., ISBN 978-80-970181-9-1.

TÓTH, Attila - FERIANCOVÁ, Ľubica. 2013. Green Infrastructure in the Context of Rural Space Restoration and Design. In: Nordic Journal of Architectural Research. Vol. 25, No. 2. pp. 187-212. ISSN 1893-5281.

TÓTH, Attila. 2013. Green Infrastructure: Planning and Design of Rural Landscapes - Case Study: Cergát-Váh, Tvrdošovce. In: Kubišta, R. (eds.): Trendy v krajinotvorbe [Trends in Landscape Design]. Nitra: Slovak University of Agriculture, 2013, pp.52-59. 59 p. ISBN 978-80-552-1033-9.

TÓTH, Attila. 2013. Green Infrastructure Planning for Sustainable Rural Development. In: Neményi, M. et al. (eds.): Science for Sustainability: International Scientific Conference for PhD Students: Proceedings, University of West Hungary, Győr, March 19-20, 2013. Sopron: University of West Hungary Press, 2013, pp. 392-397. 414 p. ISBN 978-963-334-103-2.

TÓTH, Attila. 2013. Current challenges in rural development in terms of landscape planning and landscape architecture: Case study of Tvrdošovce, Slovakia / A vidékfejlesztés aktuális tájtervezési és tájépítészeti kihívásai: Esettanulmány - Tardoskedd, Szlovákia. In: Talentum - Hensch Árpád nyomdokain: A Gazdálkodásban publikált PhD hallgatók és kutatók III. országos tudományos konferenciája [CD]. Mosonmagyaróvár : University of West-Hungary, 2013, pp. 1-6. 178 p. ISBN 978-963-334-108-7 (CD with full papers), ISBN 978-963-334-107-0 (printed proceeding of abstracts, p. 62).

TÓTH, Attila - SUPUKA, Ján. 2014. Greenways: A Landscape Planning Tool for Restoration of Linkages in the Landscape. In: Berichte des Instituts Verkehr und Raum: How to push the implementation of the European Green Belt by landscape policy instruments? Erfurt: Fachhochschule, Vol. 18, No. 1. pp. 93-103. ISSN 1868-8586.

TÓTH, Attila. 2013. Rural Landscape Transformations by the Example of the Village Tvrdošovce in Slovakia. In: Stará, Kristýna (Eds.): Landscape Transformations of the Post-Communist Countries. Prague: Czech Technical University, 2013, pp.54-59. 200 p. ISBN 978-80-01-05431-4.

TÓTH, Attila - FERIANCOVÁ, Ľubica. 2013. The Role of Landscape Architecture in Rural Development. In: Škarpa, P. et al. (Eds.): MendelNet 2013 - Proceedings of International PhD Students Conference. Brno: Mendel University, 2013, pp.516-520. 955 p. ISBN 978-80-7375-908-7.

TÓTH, Attila - FERIANCOVÁ, Ľubica. 2014. By Improvement of the Green Infrastructure towards Sustainable Landscapes and Resilient Environments. In: G20 Youth Forum 2014 Conference Proceedings, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany. Genève: G8&G20 Alumni Association, 2014, pp.405-410. 695 p. ISSN 2297-0134.

TÓTH, Attila - BIHUŇOVÁ, Mária - HALAJOVÁ, Denisa - ŠTĚPÁNKOVÁ, Roberta. 2014. Interactions of Recreation and Landscape Protection in Slovakia. In: Journal of Landscape Management. Vol. 5, No. 1. pp. 51-55. ISSN 1804-2821.

TÓTH, Attila - FERIANCOVÁ Ľubica. 2013. Zelená infraštruktúra ako efektívny nástroj na ochranu a tvorbu udržateľnej krajiny [Green Infrastructure as an Efficient Tool for Protection and Design of Sustainable Landscapes]. In: Igaz, D. (eds.): Recenzovaný zborník z medzinárodnej vedeckej konferencie – ENVIRO Nitra 2013 [reviewed scientific proceedings]. Nitra: Slovak University of Agriculture, 2013, pp.179-187. 203 p. ISBN 978-80-552-1101-5.

TÓTH, Attila – FERIANCOVÁ, Ľubica. 2012. Krajinárske úpravy vidieckeho sídla Tvrdošovce [Landscape Architectural Design of the Rural Settlement Tvrdošovce]. In: Štěpánková, R. (eds.): Zborník príspevkov zo študentskej vedeckej konferencie FZKI 2012 [Proceeding from the Student Scientific Conference]. Nitra : SPU v Nitre, 2012, pp. 148-154. 154 p. ISBN 978-80-552-0888-6.

TÓTH, Attila – FERIANCOVÁ, Ľubica. 2011. Vidiecke sídlo – súčasť kultúrnej krajiny [Rural Village as Part of the Cultural Landscape]. In: Štěpánková, R. (eds.): Zborník príspevkov zo študentskej vedeckej konferencie FZKI 2011 [Proceeding from the Student Scientific Conference]. Nitra : SPU v Nitre, 2011, pp. 227-233. 233 p. ISBN 978-80-552-0676-9.

TÓTH, Attila. 2012. Landschaftsarchitektonische Neugestaltung und Entwicklung ländlicher Räume: Projektarbeit [Landscape Architectural Restoration and Development of Rural Spaces: project thesis]. München : GRIN Verlag GmbH, 2012. 24 p. ISBN 978-3-656-31030-3 (e-book); ISBN 978-3-656-31058-7 (book).

TÓTH, Attila. 2011. Theorie der Grünen Netze [Theory of Green Networks]. In: Damyanovic, D. (eds.): Nachhaltige Stadtplanung und –entwicklung am Beispiel der Stadt Salzburg : Projekt [Sustainable urban planning and development on example of Salzburg City : project]. Vienna : BOKU Wien, 2011. pp. VII_3-6, 205 p.

TÓTH, Attila. 2013. Tvorba plôch verejnej zelene vo vidieckom priestore [Public Green Space Design in Rural Areas] [online]. In: Certifikácia ubytovacích zariadení na vidieku a regionálne značenie produktov a služieb - odborný seminár. Nitra : Národná sieť rozvoja vidieka, 2013. 7 p. Available at: http://www.nsrv.sk/download.php?1058 [Accessed 08 October 2013].

TÓTH, Attila. 2012. Krajinárske úpravy vidieckeho sídla Tvrdošovce : diplomová práca [Landscape Architectural Design of the Rural Settlement Tvrdošovce : master thesis]. Nitra : SUA, 2012. 67 A3 p.

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Collaborative Design]]

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Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group K

2015-01-26T20:16:17Z

Kianik: /* Analytical drawings */

---> back to group page [[Green Infrastructure 2014 - Working Group K|working group K]]

'''''Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design for the Rural Settlement Tvrdošovce and its Surrounding Landscape'''''

authors ''(in alphabetical order)'': Kimia Kiani (KK) - Milena Stefanovic (MS) - Attila Toth (AT) - Fadera Williams (FW)

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Tvrdošovce Municipality''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Nitra Region / Danube Lowland''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Slovakia''
|-
| '''Authors (in alphabetical order)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Kimia Kiani - Milena Stefanovic - Attila Toth - Fadera Williams''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:SettlementLandscapeImage.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=48.094962
|lng=18.067343
|zoom=12
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and Urban Context of the Case Study ==
*'''''Biogeography and Overall Character'''
The geographical location and high quality arable land have predestined agriculture to become the main land use of the municipal territory of Tvrdošovce (Tardoskedd) since centuries. The soil fertility has an organic origin based on specific natural and water conditions formed by wetlands and marshlands, small watercourses and bodies of water within and around the rural settlement. The small intra-urban lakes stand for an ecological peculiarity and natural value of the site and they have become an integral component of the intra-urban area due to urban development. The small rural town is spatially and functionally linked with the surrounding agricultural landscape. The high soil fertility is one of the major potentials of the municipality and its future quality is determined by a sustainable water management in the landscape. The municipality of Tvrdošovce is located in the Danube Lowland, at an altitude of 112 to 125 metres above mean sea level. It lies on the main state road I/75. The total cadastral territory is 55.56 km2. Tvrdošovce borders on 6 municipalities - Vlčany, Selice, Jatov, Rastislavice, Šurany and Palárikovo.

''(AT 2012; Master Plan of Tvrdošovce Municipality 2006)''
*'''''Potential Natural Vegetation'''
The potential natural vegetation of the site is represented by ''Ash-Elm-Oak Forests in Catchment Areas of Major Rivers'' ("hard" floodplain forests) with the representation of following species: ''Ulmenion (Ulmus minor, Ulmus laevis, Quercus robur, Sambucus nigra, Allium ursinum, Anemone ranunculoides)''. The potential natural vegetation in the surrounding areas is represented by ''Willow-Poplar Forests in Floodplains of Large Rivers'' ("soft" floodplain forests) (Southwest) and ''Hygrophilous Lowland Peri-Pannonian Oak-Hornbeam Forests'' (Northeast).

''(AT 2012; Landscape Atlas of the Slovak Republic, 2002)''
*'''''Geology, Soil & Water'''
The geological bedrock consists of Neogene sedimentary basins comprised of gray and multicoloured clays, dust, sand, gravel, lignite layers, freshwater limestones and tuffs. The main geochemical rock types are sandstones and clay stones. The site belongs to the sub-region of fluvial deposits and aeolian sands on fluvial deposits. The whole area is located in the region of tectonic depressions. The Quaternary cover is predominantly alluvial humic loam or loamy-sandy to gravelly-sandy loam of floodplains. The basic relief type is represented by plains or softly undulating plains. The relief shape is characterized by loess plateaus. The area lies on the interface between two geomorphologic units - flatlands of the Danube River and hilly areas of the Nitra Region.

Nearly the entire municipal territory of Tvrdošovce is covered by the most fertile soil types of Slovakia - Mollic Fluvisols and Chernozems. The agricultural land has high humus content (2.3 %). There are also local Salt Marshes and Solonetzes of carbonate-fluvial and loess sediments. In terms moisture regime, the soils range from moderately dry to moderately moist with a neutral to slightly alkaline soil-reaction. In terms of granularity, there are non-skeletal loamy-sandy, sandy-loamy and loamy soils.

The most important hydro-geological collectors are clays, gravels and sands. The whole area belongs to the Váh River Basin. There are small watercourses (streams), mainly with a soil ameliorating (land draining) function, relatively low flow rates and an unsatisfactory quality of water. These anthropogenic micro-river-basins underwent vast water management adjustments. Only some small streams have an unadjusted bed. Most of the watercourses have a strong oxygen deficiency and a high level of eutrophication. North of the urban area, there is an irrigation water reservoir with an area of 1 ha used as a pond. The groundwater is stabilized at a depth of 2.9 to 3.5 m below the surface. There is a geothermal well at the south-eastern border of the urban area reaching a depth of 2,406 m and a temperature of 68 ° C to 71 ° C.

''(AT 2012; Master Plan of Tvrdošovce Municipality 2006; Landscape Atlas of the Slovak Republic, 2002)''
*'''''Climate, Temperature, Precipitation & Wind'''
The site is located in the hottest areas of Slovakia - the Danube Lowland. It belongs to the warm climate zone (warm and dry district with mild winter) and the lowland sub-zone of Slovak climate with prevailing oceanic influence.

The average annual air temperature ranges between 9 and 10 ° C. The average annual temperature of the active soil surface is higher than 12 ° C. The warmest month is July with an average air temperature of 19.7 ° C. The coldest month is January with an average air temperature of -2.1 ° C. There are on average 15 tropical days a year (days with a temperature above 30 ° C), 66 summer days (days with the highest air temperature ≥ 25 ° C) and 22 ice days (days with an air temperature of 0 ° C).

The mean annual rainfall is 541 mm - the highest rainfall is in June and July (58 mm). The maximum annual rainfall is 834 mm; the minimum annual rainfall is 308 mm. Snow cover lasts on average 37 days a year, the average maximum snow cover is 20 cm. Duration of the sunshine is approximately 2,200 hours per year. The average snow cover ranges between 6.2 and 16.8 cm. The average number of days with snow is 36, the maximum number of days with snow is 87 and the lowest number of days with snow is 3.

There is a prevailing north-westerly windflow, the overall wind conditions are mild, the average wind speed ranges from 2.6 to 4.6 metres per second.

''(AT 2012; Landscape Atlas of the Slovak Republic, 2002)
''
*'''''Current Land Use Structure'''
Arable land (43.92 km2 / 79 %); Built-up area (3.44 km2 / 6 %); Permanent grasslands (2.84 km2 / 5 %); Bodies of water (1.67 km2 / 3 %); Gardens (1.26 km2 / 2 %); Orchards (0.83 km2 / 2 %); Vineyards (0.62 km2 / 1 %); Forests and Woods (0.41 km2 / 1 %); Other areas (0.58 km2 / 1 %)

''(Master Plan of Tvrdošovce Municipality 2006)''
*'''''Cultural Features, Local Identity, Architectural & Spatial Landmarks'''
The image of rural settlements and landscapes in the Danube Lowland is significantly formed by extensive agriculture with small forests and non-forest woody vegetation such as accompanying vegetation of field roads, railways, watercourses or other linear and areal elements of the landscape. Tvrdošovce can be understood in this context as a representative case study of large rural settlements in agricultural lowlands of south-western Slovakia. The perceived landscape is a far-reaching flatland that one may call "horizon landscape". The perceived landscape image is usually framed in by non-forest woody vegetation formations as only one smaller mountain range is visible in the distance (ranging from 142 to 829 MASL).

The main architectural landmark of Tvrdošovce as well as of other rural settlements in this region is the baroque church with a distinctive tower visible from far when approaching the small town. This architectural landmark is culturally bound to the perception of the site and therefore significantly forms the local identity through its cultural and historical legacy. Very specific landscape features are also other sacral elements in the form of small architecture, such as small sacral monuments, roadside crosses or other sacred sculptures usually accompanied by old deciduous trees such as Aesculus hippocastanum (in this region) and other trees such as Tilia sp., Quercus sp. and other species.

The most distinctive spatial feature of the town is the historic centre with a wide linear open space framed in on both sides by low architectural volumes (1-2 storey-buildings, mostly housing with front gardens). The public part of the open space consists of a central green space which is framed in by a road with pathway. The uniqueness of this streetscape is underlined by the central green space and the historical legacy of the oldest part of the urban area. The site is dominated by the main architectural landmark - the church located in the geographical centre of the historical town centre. This distinctive spatial arrangement of rural settlements is referred to as Anger or Angerdorf (in German literature), Náves (in Slovak and Czech literature) or Orsós Falu (in Hungarian literature). As the Anglo-Saxon urban development is different from the one in Central Europe, it is hard to define a relevant English equivalent to these terms, but a similar urban structure is referred to as The Common or Village with a Common or Green Village in English literature.

*'''''History & Dynamics from the Early Bronze Age till the 1950s'''
The first signs of settlement date back to the Early Bronze Age and later to the Early and Late Roman Period. The famous ''Limes Romanus'' stretched about 2-3 km south of the settlement. After approximately 2 centuries of Slavonic settlement, the first Hungarian settlement is dated back to 970-1020, approximately a century after the arrival of Hungarian settlers to the ''Danube Lowland'', due to the '''marshy character of the landscape'''. This swampy land was a kind of protective space for the inhabitants throughout the centuries till the Middle Ages.

The first written report dates back to 1221. The settlement laid on an important medieval road from Budapest to Bohemia and Poland. The Tatars bypassed the village in 1241 because of the swampy ground.

In 1332 King ''Károly I.'' mentions the settlement under the name ''Turdesqed''. In the 14th century the original church was built as a Romanesque chapel, later rebuilt with some elements of the Early Gothic. The settlement was intensively developing in the 13th and 14th century and is mentioned as ''Tardoskedde'', ''Turdaskeddi'', ''Turdesqued'', ''Tardos Kegy'' and other variations (stabilized in the late 19th century to ''Tardoskedd'').

In the 16th century, the settlement is already mentioned as a '''developed central village'''. It is mentioned among the richest villages of the region. During the Turkish incursions, the inhabitants fled to the marshland called ''Faluhely'' in the surrounding landscape for almost 100 years.

Emperor ''Ferdinánd III.'' confers the right of '''small town''' "Mezőváros" (Lat. '''Oppidum''', Eng. '''Market Town''' - ruled by a squire; which had the right to organize markets, but did not have the right to build a fortification or town wall, only paling was allowed - Author´s Note). In the second half of the 17th century, Turkish troops plundered the settlement. The inhabitants hid again in the '''marshlands which surrounded the town'''. In the tax register from 1664, the town is referred to as personal property of a Turkish Pasha. The ''Nové Zámky Fortress'' (near Tardoskedd) was conquered (reclaimed) in 1685 by the imperial chieftain ''Charles of Lorraine''.

In the 18th century, the development of the settlement was marked by the Rákóczi Uprising (Rákóczi conquered the Nové Zámky Fortress in 1704). After this, the settlement becomes a big military camp with a military postal system. Based on a local legend/tradition, there was a battle between the Kuruc army (rebels against the Habsburgs - Author´s note) and the imperial army at the so called ''Rákóczi Hill'' (located in the present cemetery and marked with a historic monument - Author´s note), where hundreds of imperial (Habsburg) soldiers were conquered. In memory of winning the battle, a monument was built on the mentioned hill.

The church was vastly rebuilt in the period between 1707 and 1725 (into the present Baroque style - Author´s note); in 1753 a Calvary was built at the church. Under the reign of Maria Theresia (1740-1780), Tardoskedd became an important '''town''' on the royal road from Vienna to Buda '''with the right to organize markets'''. There were famous regional cattle fairs, possibility of horse re-harness and a large royal hotel near the town, in Csike, where even Maria Theresa stayed overnight several times. According to the census from 1779, the town had 2288 inhabitants.

After the revolution (1848-1849) the building of the '''railway from Budapest to Vienna''' through Marchegg was finished and opened in 1850. The first permanent post office was established in 1868.

After World War II., many '''privately owned properties were confiscated in 1948/1949''' - all shops and inns were expropriated and managed by Jednota (consumer cooperative "Unity" - Author´s Note). In February 1950, the Unified Cooperative Farm was established, in order to manage the collectivisation of agriculture in the town. Besides expropriation of privately owned establishments and collectivisation of agricultural land, the town was markedly influenced by eviction and deportation of inhabitants. In 1948-1954, a sports complex was established in the garden of the wealthy Juhász Family Farmyard. Next to the stadium a swimming pool was built in 1955-1957.

(Tvrdošovce Municipality 2014; AT 2012-2014; Buda 2009)

*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Green_Infrastructure_of_Tvrdošovce_in_the_Micro-Regional_Context.jpeg|Micro-Regional Context
Image:Changes_in_the_Landscape_Structure_18th-21st_Century.jpeg|Landscape Structure Dynamics
Image:Layer_Maps_Tvrdosovce.jpeg|Components and Features of the Current Landscape Structure
Image:LandscapeHistory18thCentury.jpg|Landscape History - 18th Century
Image:LandscapeHistory19.jpeg|Landscape History - 19th Century
Image:LandscapeContextAndStructure1950.jpeg|Landscape History - Spatial Context and Landscape Structure just before Collectivization of Agriculture in 1950
Image:LandscapeContextAndStructureNOW.jpeg|Landscape Reality - Current Spatial Context and Landscape Structure
</gallery>

== What are the overall objectives of your design? What are the specific objectives for enhancing green infrastrucutre? ==

''Please give a short written argumentation (not more than 150 words). It is ok if you have different or even contradicting objectives within your group. Just make it explicit at the beginning of your process ''

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing.''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:CurrentLandscapeStructureAT.jpeg|Analytical Drawing 1: Spatial Analysis of the Current Landscape Structure by Attila Tóth
Image:TVRDOSOCVCE_analytical.jpg|Analytical Drawing 2 by Fadera Williams
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|analytical drawing 3
Image:Analytical Drawing.png|Analytical drawing for Rybnic lake by Kimia Kiani
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes), of course with an emphasis on green infrastructure aspects. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing representing his/her individual ideas.''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Projective_drawing_GIseminar_at_s.jpg|Projective Drawing 1: Improvement of the Green Infrastructure Connectivity and Spatial Integrity in the Landscape by Attila Tóth
Image:Projective_drawing_Milena.png|Projective drawing 2: Connecting Tvrdosovce landscape with Danube and European Green Belt by Milena Stefanovic
Image:TVRDOSOVCE_Projective.jpg|Projective Drawing 3 by Fadera Williams
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|projective drawing 4
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==
''Please analyse the individual approaches presented so far and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses (you may use the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis SWOT]analysis model). Try to create a synthesis and represent it with a plan and some sketches. You can still use drawings/sketches.''

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|synthesis drawing 1
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|synthesis drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|synthesis drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|synthesis drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''Please reflect on your collaborative design process. Which potentials have you encountered? What was most difficult? What does collaborative design mean for you? (approx 150 words).''

== Image Gallery ==
''Exploring the Features of the Landscape within and around Tvrdošovce''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:LandscapeContext.jpeg|Regional Identity
Image:LandscapeContext2.jpeg|Landscape Context
Image:SettlementLandscapeImage.jpg|Settlement & Landscape Image
Image:AgriculturalLandscapes.jpg|Agricultural Landscapes
Image:WaterLandscape.jpg|Water in the Landscape
Image:AgricultureLegacy.jpeg|Agricultural Legacy
Image:ArchLandmark.jpg|Architectural Landmark
Image:Wildlife.jpg|Wildlife
</gallery>

== References ==
BUDA, František. 2009. Tvrdošovce-Tardoskedd: Kapitoly o minulosti, súčasnosti, obyvateľstve a zaujímavostiach Tvrdošoviec. Komárno: Print-K, 2009, 334 s., ISBN 978-80-970181-9-1.

TÓTH, Attila - FERIANCOVÁ, Ľubica. 2013. Green Infrastructure in the Context of Rural Space Restoration and Design. In: Nordic Journal of Architectural Research. Vol. 25, No. 2. pp. 187-212. ISSN 1893-5281.

TÓTH, Attila. 2013. Green Infrastructure: Planning and Design of Rural Landscapes - Case Study: Cergát-Váh, Tvrdošovce. In: Kubišta, R. (eds.): Trendy v krajinotvorbe [Trends in Landscape Design]. Nitra: Slovak University of Agriculture, 2013, pp.52-59. 59 p. ISBN 978-80-552-1033-9.

TÓTH, Attila. 2013. Green Infrastructure Planning for Sustainable Rural Development. In: Neményi, M. et al. (eds.): Science for Sustainability: International Scientific Conference for PhD Students: Proceedings, University of West Hungary, Győr, March 19-20, 2013. Sopron: University of West Hungary Press, 2013, pp. 392-397. 414 p. ISBN 978-963-334-103-2.

TÓTH, Attila. 2013. Current challenges in rural development in terms of landscape planning and landscape architecture: Case study of Tvrdošovce, Slovakia / A vidékfejlesztés aktuális tájtervezési és tájépítészeti kihívásai: Esettanulmány - Tardoskedd, Szlovákia. In: Talentum - Hensch Árpád nyomdokain: A Gazdálkodásban publikált PhD hallgatók és kutatók III. országos tudományos konferenciája [CD]. Mosonmagyaróvár : University of West-Hungary, 2013, pp. 1-6. 178 p. ISBN 978-963-334-108-7 (CD with full papers), ISBN 978-963-334-107-0 (printed proceeding of abstracts, p. 62).

TÓTH, Attila - SUPUKA, Ján. 2014. Greenways: A Landscape Planning Tool for Restoration of Linkages in the Landscape. In: Berichte des Instituts Verkehr und Raum: How to push the implementation of the European Green Belt by landscape policy instruments? Erfurt: Fachhochschule, Vol. 18, No. 1. pp. 93-103. ISSN 1868-8586.

TÓTH, Attila. 2013. Rural Landscape Transformations by the Example of the Village Tvrdošovce in Slovakia. In: Stará, Kristýna (Eds.): Landscape Transformations of the Post-Communist Countries. Prague: Czech Technical University, 2013, pp.54-59. 200 p. ISBN 978-80-01-05431-4.

TÓTH, Attila - FERIANCOVÁ, Ľubica. 2013. The Role of Landscape Architecture in Rural Development. In: Škarpa, P. et al. (Eds.): MendelNet 2013 - Proceedings of International PhD Students Conference. Brno: Mendel University, 2013, pp.516-520. 955 p. ISBN 978-80-7375-908-7.

TÓTH, Attila - FERIANCOVÁ, Ľubica. 2014. By Improvement of the Green Infrastructure towards Sustainable Landscapes and Resilient Environments. In: G20 Youth Forum 2014 Conference Proceedings, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany. Genève: G8&G20 Alumni Association, 2014, pp.405-410. 695 p. ISSN 2297-0134.

TÓTH, Attila - BIHUŇOVÁ, Mária - HALAJOVÁ, Denisa - ŠTĚPÁNKOVÁ, Roberta. 2014. Interactions of Recreation and Landscape Protection in Slovakia. In: Journal of Landscape Management. Vol. 5, No. 1. pp. 51-55. ISSN 1804-2821.

TÓTH, Attila - FERIANCOVÁ Ľubica. 2013. Zelená infraštruktúra ako efektívny nástroj na ochranu a tvorbu udržateľnej krajiny [Green Infrastructure as an Efficient Tool for Protection and Design of Sustainable Landscapes]. In: Igaz, D. (eds.): Recenzovaný zborník z medzinárodnej vedeckej konferencie – ENVIRO Nitra 2013 [reviewed scientific proceedings]. Nitra: Slovak University of Agriculture, 2013, pp.179-187. 203 p. ISBN 978-80-552-1101-5.

TÓTH, Attila – FERIANCOVÁ, Ľubica. 2012. Krajinárske úpravy vidieckeho sídla Tvrdošovce [Landscape Architectural Design of the Rural Settlement Tvrdošovce]. In: Štěpánková, R. (eds.): Zborník príspevkov zo študentskej vedeckej konferencie FZKI 2012 [Proceeding from the Student Scientific Conference]. Nitra : SPU v Nitre, 2012, pp. 148-154. 154 p. ISBN 978-80-552-0888-6.

TÓTH, Attila – FERIANCOVÁ, Ľubica. 2011. Vidiecke sídlo – súčasť kultúrnej krajiny [Rural Village as Part of the Cultural Landscape]. In: Štěpánková, R. (eds.): Zborník príspevkov zo študentskej vedeckej konferencie FZKI 2011 [Proceeding from the Student Scientific Conference]. Nitra : SPU v Nitre, 2011, pp. 227-233. 233 p. ISBN 978-80-552-0676-9.

TÓTH, Attila. 2012. Landschaftsarchitektonische Neugestaltung und Entwicklung ländlicher Räume: Projektarbeit [Landscape Architectural Restoration and Development of Rural Spaces: project thesis]. München : GRIN Verlag GmbH, 2012. 24 p. ISBN 978-3-656-31030-3 (e-book); ISBN 978-3-656-31058-7 (book).

TÓTH, Attila. 2011. Theorie der Grünen Netze [Theory of Green Networks]. In: Damyanovic, D. (eds.): Nachhaltige Stadtplanung und –entwicklung am Beispiel der Stadt Salzburg : Projekt [Sustainable urban planning and development on example of Salzburg City : project]. Vienna : BOKU Wien, 2011. pp. VII_3-6, 205 p.

TÓTH, Attila. 2013. Tvorba plôch verejnej zelene vo vidieckom priestore [Public Green Space Design in Rural Areas] [online]. In: Certifikácia ubytovacích zariadení na vidieku a regionálne značenie produktov a služieb - odborný seminár. Nitra : Národná sieť rozvoja vidieka, 2013. 7 p. Available at: http://www.nsrv.sk/download.php?1058 [Accessed 08 October 2013].

TÓTH, Attila. 2012. Krajinárske úpravy vidieckeho sídla Tvrdošovce : diplomová práca [Landscape Architectural Design of the Rural Settlement Tvrdošovce : master thesis]. Nitra : SUA, 2012. 67 A3 p.

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Collaborative Design]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

File:Projective.png

2015-01-26T20:12:20Z

Kianik: Projective for Rybnic lake(Recreation and earning money)- Kimia Kiani

Projective for Rybnic lake(Recreation and earning money)- Kimia Kiani

File:Analytical Drawing.png

2015-01-26T20:09:07Z

Kianik: Analytical drawing for Rybnic lake by Kimia Kiani

Analytical drawing for Rybnic lake by Kimia Kiani

Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group K - Case Study 1

2014-12-01T22:26:39Z

Kianik: /* Summary and conclusion */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_K|working group K]]

'''''Salman Shahr( Motelghoo), Mazandaran, Iran'''''

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|-
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|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Salman Shahr(Motelghoo)''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Kimia Kiani''
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== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

''Salman Shahr(Motelghoo) is a small city where is located in the north of Iran, between Alborz mountains and Caspian sea. It is a beautiful city with a fabulous scene from mountains to sea although uploaded pictures illustrate only the problems in urban structures in the city.Also the city is chosen by local and foreign tourists as a destination for travelling. Because of its geographical location, the city has a humid and wet weather. So,I have chosen this area as my case study due to its potential for becoming an element for green infrastructure method.As the picture indicates, the city and its urban structure has not been designed for rain storms or heavy snow.For instance, pathways, roads and pavements should be redesigned in the green infrastructure method.''

== Author's perspective ==
''I studied Master of Architecture and Bachelor of Architecture engineering in Iran. I have several years work experiences in designing and researching. Currently I am working in a research office voluntarily. I have done some projects about energy saving in architecture and I am going to continue my studying in a field of sustainability development, specially in design and planning.
I have known Motelghoo since childhood. I and my family have been vacationing in this city most of the time.

New constructions in this city have been bringing considerable population for travelling and living to this but the structure of city, roads and pavements has remained unchanging. ''

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==
*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''

'''Introduction:'''
MAZANDARAN is a Caspian province in the north of Iran, located on the southern coast of the Caspian sea, it is bordered clockwise by the provinces of Golestan to the east, Semnan to the south east, Tehran to the south, Qazvin south west and Gilan by the west.
Mazandaran is one of the most densely populated provinces in Iran and has diverse natural resources, especially large reservoirs of oil and natural gas.
The province covers an area of 23756 Km, equal to 1.46 percent of the country and has a population of 3,000,000 equal to 4 percent of the population of the country. The province also consists of 52 cities, 3600 villages and 45 sections.
There are 18 counties in the province including Sari, Behshahr, Babol, Amol, Qaemshahr, Ramsar, Tonekabon, Chaloos, Noshahr, Noor, Mahmoodabad, Savadkooh, Babolsar, Jooybar, Neka, Behshahr, Galoogah, Fereidoonkenar and Abbas Abad

The province's five largest counties are Sari, Behshahr, Babol, Amol and Qaemshahr. Founded as province in 1937, Mazandaran was declared the second modern province after neighboring Gilan.
The diverse nature of the province features plains, prairies, forests and jungles stretching from the sandy beaches of the Caspian Sea to the rugged and snowcapped Elburz sierra, including Mount Damavand, the highest peak and volcano in the Middle East and Western Asia, which at the narrowest point (Nowshahr County) narrows to 5 miles.
Mazandaran is a major producer of farmed fish and aquaculture provides an important economic addition to traditional dominance of agriculture. Another important contributor to the economy is the tourism industry, as people from all of Iran enjoy visiting the area. Mazandaran is also a fast-growing centre for biotechnology and civil engineering.
Human habitation in the area dates back at least 75,000 years. Recent excavations in Goher Tippe provide proof that the area has been urbanized for more than 5,000 years, and the area is considered one of the most important historical sites of Iran. It has played an important role in cultural and urban development of the region.
Indigenous peoples of the region include the ethnic Mazanderanis speaking an Iranian language which most resembles Gilaki and Sangiseri
Mazandaran province central coordination locates in 36.5656°N 53.0588°E.
The population of the province has been steadily growing during the last 50 years. The population is of Caucasian Iranian stock with a minority of non-native neighboring Turkic tribes (esp. the Turkomen), a sizable Armenian minority and Russian immigrants, mainly from former Soviet republics of Georgia (country), Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan.
The Mazandaran Sea provides a beautiful coastline in north of Sari; northeast of the city is Neka. Qa'emshahr (Formerly known as Shahi) is to its southwest, Juybar is to its northwest, and Kiyasar, Damghan, and Semnan are in the south part of Sari.
Sari is the provincial capital of Mazandaran, located in the north of Iran, between the northern slopes of the Alborz Mountains and southern coast of Caspian (Mazandaran) Sea. Its population is estimated to be 261,293, as of 2006. It has a land area of 5,089 square kilometers. Sari is one of the entertainment and sports centers of Iran.

'''Geography and Climate:'''
Mazandaran province is geographically divided into two parts: the coastal plains, and the mountainous areas. The Alborz Mountain Range surrounds the coastal strip and plains of the Caspian Sea like a huge barrier.
There is often snowfall during most of the seasons in the Alborz regions, which run parallel to the Caspian Sea's southern coast, dividing the province into many isolated valleys. The province enjoys a moderate, subtropical climate with an average temperature of 25 °C in summer and about 8 °C in winter. Although snow may fall heavily in the mountains in winter, it rarely falls around sea lines.
There is often snowfall during most of the seasons in the Alborz regions, which run parallel to the Caspian Sea's southern coast, dividing the province into many isolated valleys. The province enjoys a moderate, subtropical climate with an average temperature of 25 °C in summer and about 8 °C in winter. Although snow may fall heavily in the mountains in winter, it rarely falls around sea lines.

'''About Salman Shahr (Motelghoo):'''
Salman Shahr (formerly, Motel Qū (Persian: متل قو/ سلمان شهر) and Saqikelayeh (Persian: ساقيكِلايِه) is a city in and capital of Salman Shahr, Abbasabad District, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 9,592, in 2,605 families. Salman Shahr is located 30 kilometres (19 mi) east of Tonekabon en route to the city of Chaloos.
Salman Shar is the new name for this city after the Islamic revolution. In the past, the city was called Saghi Kelaye and was also named after its famous hotel Motel Ghoo or Motel Qu (Swan Motel). Salman Shar city is a new settlement that was established in 1961 which was incorporated as a municipality in 1962.
In the late 2000s the major development and construction projects called "Ghoo" or "Diamond of the Middle East" were kicked off. The core of this project is built in the same place as where motel Ghoo was located.

''

'''History
Pre Islamic History:'''
The region is known to have been populated from early antiquity, and Mazandaran has changed hands among various dynasties from early in its history. There are several fortresses remaining from Parthian and Sassanid times, and many older cemeteries scattered throughout the province. During this era, Mazandaran was part of Hyrcania Province which was one of important provinces.
With the advent of the Sassanid dynasty, the King of Mazandaran (Tabaristan andPadashkhwargar) was Gushnasp, whose ancestors had reigned in the area (under the Parthian empire) since the time of Alexandar. In 529-536 Mazandarn was ruled by Sassanid prince Kawus son of Kawadh. Anushirawan, the Sassanid king, put in his place Zarmihr, who claimed his ancestry from the legendary blacksmith Kaveh. This dynasty ruled till 645 A.D., when Gil Gilanshah (a descendant of the Sassanid king Jamasp and a son of Piruz) joined Mazandaran to Gilan. These families had descendants who ruled during the Islamic period.

'''Mazandaran Today,
General:'''
The culture of Mazandaran is closely related to that of neighboring Gilan (or Guilan) and similarities between the two are abundant. The cuisine of the province is very rich in seafood due to its location by the Caspian Sea, and rice is present in virtually every meal. Indeed, the rest of Iran was introduced to rice through Gilan and Mazandaran. Before the 1800s, Persians, Kurds, and other Iranian ethnic groups used bread rather than rice as an accompaniment to their meals, though bread remains a prominent staple among them. While bread remains very popular among those groups, in Gilan and Mazandaran, rice remains the choice staple of the indigenous inhabitants.
Mazanderani or Tabarian is a Northwestern Iranian language. Various Mazandarani's dialects exist which are spoken in Mazandaran province and the neighbour province Golestan such as Mazanderani, and Gorgani. Also, Qadikolahi (Ghadikolahi) and Palani may be dialects. Mazandarani mostly resemble Gilaki. Today, Mazandaranis also use Persian (Western Persian). The educated can communicate and read Persian well.
A dialect of Azeri is spoken in the town of Galoogah
In Persian epic, Shahnameh, Mazandaran is mentioned in two different sections. First time implicitly, when Fereydun sets its capital in a city called Tamishe near Amol:
Under the title, and when Manuchehr is returning to Fereydun's capital, Tamisheh in Mazandaran (known as Tabarestan), after victory over Salm and Tur:
In the second section, a region called Mazandaran is mentioned at Kai Kavoos era frequently, it is an area which is mostly inhabited by Div (demons). The legendary Iranian Shah Kaykavoos as well as the Iranian hero Rostam each take turn to go to Mazandaran in order to battle the demons.
A famous verse from Shahnameh is when Zal tells Kai Kavoos:
"I heard troubling news that the king is planning to go to Mazandaran"
However, this Mazandaran is not considered identical to the modern province of Mazandaran, and is instead a land to the west of Iran. The current province was simply considered a part of Tabaristan; the name Mazandaran is a later development, perhaps based upon local terminology.

'''Economy:'''
Having sea, jungle and tourism all together has made the province one of the 5 wealthiest in Iran in terms of GDP and net worth. The recent explored oil resources will make the status even better by attracting new investment in the field. Rice, grain, fruits, cotton, tea, tobacco, sugarcane, and silk are produced in the lowland strip along the Caspian shore. Oil wealth has stimulated industries in food processing, cement, textiles, cotton, and fishing (caviar).
Suitable environmental conditions, pleasant and moderate climate, beautiful natural landscapes, and proximity to Tehran, have led the province to be one of the main recreational and tourism areas of Iran.
Iran's Cultural Heritage Organization lists close to 630 sites of historical and cultural significance, hence a wealth of tourist attractions. ''

*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Location; Mazandaran, Iran.jpg|Location; Mazandaran, Iran
Image:Salman Shahr ( Motelghoo); Bird view.jpg|Salman Shahr ( Motelghoo); Bird view
Image:Temprature and Climate Graphs.jpg|Temprature and Climate Graphs
Image:Average Temprature and Rainfall.jpg|Average Temprature and Rainfall
Image:Daryagooshe; Main street.jpg|Daryagooshe; Main street
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Case study 1- Motelghoo, a city where is located in the north of Iran.jpeg|Pavements and streets instructions has not been designed for storm waters, so it has caused a lot of problem as can be seen.
Image:Daryagooshe pavements; Potential for Green infrastructure designing .jpg|Daryagooshe pavements; Potential for Green infrastructure designing
Image:Daryagooshe green space; Potential for Green infrastructure designing.jpg|Daryagooshe green space; Potential for Green infrastructure designing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''
'''Using Permeable pavements,'''

'''Benefits for this site:'''

'''Reduces Storm water Runoff:'''

• Permeable pavement reduces surface runoff volumes and rates by allowing storm water to infiltrate underlying soils.

• By reducing runoff volumes and rates, permeable pavement can lower water treatment costs and reduce flooding and erosion.

'''Increases Groundwater Recharge:'''

• By allowing rainfall to infiltrate, permeable pavement can help increase groundwater recharge.

'''Reduces Energy Use:'''

• The use of permeable pavements also has the potential to reduce energy use by lowering surrounding air temperatures, which in turn reduces demand on cooling systems within buildings.

'''Improves Air Quality:'''

• Because permeable pavement captures rainfall onsite, communities can reduce the amount of water treatment needed, in turn reducing air pollution from power plants.

• By reducing the urban heat island effect, permeable pavement decreases ground level ozone formation, which directly impacts air quality.

'''Reduces Urban Heat Island:'''

• Permeable pavement absorbs less heat than conventional pavement, which helps to reduce the surrounding air temperature and decrease the amount of energy needed for cooling.

'''Using Green Roofs,'''

'''Benefits for this site:'''

'''Reduces Storm water Runoff:'''

• Green roofs can store significant amounts of water in their growing media. This water is eventually evaporated from the soil or transpired by the plants on the roof, thus reducing the runoff entering sewer systems and waterways, which can help alleviate the risk of combined sewer overflows (CSO).

'''Reduces Energy Use:'''

• Additional insulation provided by the growing media of a green roof can reduce a building’s energy consumption by providing superior insulation compared to conventional roofing materials.

• Evaporative cooling from water retained in the growing media reduces roof surface temperatures during hot days.

'''Reduces Urban Heat Island:'''

• The local evaporative cooling provided by green roofs can reduce elevated temperatures present in urban areas as a result of heat-absorbing surfaces such as streets and conventional roofs.

'''Improves Community Livability:'''

• Green roofs improve the local aesthetics of a community.

• Green roofs can increase recreational opportunities by providing outdoor areas for people to use and enjoy. They also have the potential to foster improved community interactions that help build social capital.

• Green roofs may also provide opportunities for urban agriculture.

'''Cultivates Public Education Opportunities:'''

• Green roofs and permeable pavements increase community interest in green infrastructure through their aesthetic appeal, which provides a great opportunity for public education.

• The installation of permeable pavement and green roofs can provide an opportunity to further educate the public about the benefits of green infrastructure in Iran. Using Green infrastructure method in this site provides an opportunity to develop community awareness and understanding around the importance of sustainable water resource management.

''

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''
* By using green infrastructure techniques such as green roofs, rain gardens, tree planting, and permeable pavement, they are managing storm water problems at a lower cost and realizing a wide range of other benefits from reduced air pollution, energy use, and urban heat island effect to improved wildlife habitat and aesthetics.

* Local water management and storm water control benefits.

* Green infrastructure in this site is a powerful tool for managing existing problems and preparing for the future and also readiness for supervenient events.

* Improving quality of life.

* raising awareness on the importance of integrating green infrastructure into its urban landscape, also this case study can be used as a sample for developing Green infrastructure methods in Iran.

''

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Sect.jpg|Projective section
Image:Pavement 1.jpg|Using Permeable pavement
Image:Img 03.jpg|projective drawing
Image:Pavement2.jpg|projective drawing
Image:Green Roof.jpg|Using Green Roofs instead of sloping natural Roofs
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''The aim of GI practices in this site in Iran is due to delivering multiple ecological, economic and social benefits or services. In addition, to reducing polluted storm water runoff, GI practices can also positively impact on energy consumption, air quality, carbon reduction and sequestration, property prices, recreation and other elements of community health and vitality that have monetary or other social value. Moreover, green infrastructure practices in this site can be defined as managing storm waters effectively. For instance, almost all pavements and streams in this site should be redesigned in GI method and water harvesting would be used in this site as the redirection and productive use of rainwater by capturing and storing it onsite for irrigation, toilet flushing and other potential uses. Using Permeable pavements and Rain gardens are two samples that would be effective for this meaning. ''

== Image Gallery ==
''Please add further images/photos here''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:IMG 1993.JPG|Winter 2014, unexpected snow, Daryagooshe street, the north view
Image:IMG 1996.JPG|Winter 2014, unexpected snow, Daryagooshe street, the south view
Image:IMG 1992.JPG|Winter 2014, unexpected snow, Motelghoo beach
Image:IMG 6087.PNG|Motelghoo main road, a rainy day
Image:IMG 5954.JPG|Motelghoo plaza
Image:IMG 6088.PNG|Heavy traffic in holidays, Motelghoo main road
Image:IMG 6081.PNG|Daryagooshe street
Image:IMG 6082.PNG|Daryagooshe street
</gallery>

== References ==

''
*http://www.mazandaran.rmto.ir/

*http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salman_Shahr_District

*http://www.americanrivers.org/newsroom/resources/the-value-of-green-infrastructure/

*http://biodiversity-l.iisd.org/news/urbes-highlights-benefits-of-green-infrastructure-in-urban-areas/

*http://www.worldweatheronline.com/Salman-Shahr-weather-averages/Mazandaran/IR.aspx

*http://www.watershedconnect.com/documents/the_value_of_green_infrastructure_a_guide_to_recognizing_its_economic_environmental_and_social_benefits

''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group K - Case Study 1

2014-12-01T22:26:04Z

Kianik: /* Summary and conclusion */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_K|working group K]]

'''''Salman Shahr( Motelghoo), Mazandaran, Iran'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Salman Shahr(Motelghoo)''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Iran''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Salman Shahr(Motelghoo)''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Kimia Kiani''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:IMG 6084.PNG|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=300
|lat=36.709167
|lng=51.19916699999999
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

''Salman Shahr(Motelghoo) is a small city where is located in the north of Iran, between Alborz mountains and Caspian sea. It is a beautiful city with a fabulous scene from mountains to sea although uploaded pictures illustrate only the problems in urban structures in the city.Also the city is chosen by local and foreign tourists as a destination for travelling. Because of its geographical location, the city has a humid and wet weather. So,I have chosen this area as my case study due to its potential for becoming an element for green infrastructure method.As the picture indicates, the city and its urban structure has not been designed for rain storms or heavy snow.For instance, pathways, roads and pavements should be redesigned in the green infrastructure method.''

== Author's perspective ==
''I studied Master of Architecture and Bachelor of Architecture engineering in Iran. I have several years work experiences in designing and researching. Currently I am working in a research office voluntarily. I have done some projects about energy saving in architecture and I am going to continue my studying in a field of sustainability development, specially in design and planning.
I have known Motelghoo since childhood. I and my family have been vacationing in this city most of the time.

New constructions in this city have been bringing considerable population for travelling and living to this but the structure of city, roads and pavements has remained unchanging. ''

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==
*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''

'''Introduction:'''
MAZANDARAN is a Caspian province in the north of Iran, located on the southern coast of the Caspian sea, it is bordered clockwise by the provinces of Golestan to the east, Semnan to the south east, Tehran to the south, Qazvin south west and Gilan by the west.
Mazandaran is one of the most densely populated provinces in Iran and has diverse natural resources, especially large reservoirs of oil and natural gas.
The province covers an area of 23756 Km, equal to 1.46 percent of the country and has a population of 3,000,000 equal to 4 percent of the population of the country. The province also consists of 52 cities, 3600 villages and 45 sections.
There are 18 counties in the province including Sari, Behshahr, Babol, Amol, Qaemshahr, Ramsar, Tonekabon, Chaloos, Noshahr, Noor, Mahmoodabad, Savadkooh, Babolsar, Jooybar, Neka, Behshahr, Galoogah, Fereidoonkenar and Abbas Abad

The province's five largest counties are Sari, Behshahr, Babol, Amol and Qaemshahr. Founded as province in 1937, Mazandaran was declared the second modern province after neighboring Gilan.
The diverse nature of the province features plains, prairies, forests and jungles stretching from the sandy beaches of the Caspian Sea to the rugged and snowcapped Elburz sierra, including Mount Damavand, the highest peak and volcano in the Middle East and Western Asia, which at the narrowest point (Nowshahr County) narrows to 5 miles.
Mazandaran is a major producer of farmed fish and aquaculture provides an important economic addition to traditional dominance of agriculture. Another important contributor to the economy is the tourism industry, as people from all of Iran enjoy visiting the area. Mazandaran is also a fast-growing centre for biotechnology and civil engineering.
Human habitation in the area dates back at least 75,000 years. Recent excavations in Goher Tippe provide proof that the area has been urbanized for more than 5,000 years, and the area is considered one of the most important historical sites of Iran. It has played an important role in cultural and urban development of the region.
Indigenous peoples of the region include the ethnic Mazanderanis speaking an Iranian language which most resembles Gilaki and Sangiseri
Mazandaran province central coordination locates in 36.5656°N 53.0588°E.
The population of the province has been steadily growing during the last 50 years. The population is of Caucasian Iranian stock with a minority of non-native neighboring Turkic tribes (esp. the Turkomen), a sizable Armenian minority and Russian immigrants, mainly from former Soviet republics of Georgia (country), Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan.
The Mazandaran Sea provides a beautiful coastline in north of Sari; northeast of the city is Neka. Qa'emshahr (Formerly known as Shahi) is to its southwest, Juybar is to its northwest, and Kiyasar, Damghan, and Semnan are in the south part of Sari.
Sari is the provincial capital of Mazandaran, located in the north of Iran, between the northern slopes of the Alborz Mountains and southern coast of Caspian (Mazandaran) Sea. Its population is estimated to be 261,293, as of 2006. It has a land area of 5,089 square kilometers. Sari is one of the entertainment and sports centers of Iran.

'''Geography and Climate:'''
Mazandaran province is geographically divided into two parts: the coastal plains, and the mountainous areas. The Alborz Mountain Range surrounds the coastal strip and plains of the Caspian Sea like a huge barrier.
There is often snowfall during most of the seasons in the Alborz regions, which run parallel to the Caspian Sea's southern coast, dividing the province into many isolated valleys. The province enjoys a moderate, subtropical climate with an average temperature of 25 °C in summer and about 8 °C in winter. Although snow may fall heavily in the mountains in winter, it rarely falls around sea lines.
There is often snowfall during most of the seasons in the Alborz regions, which run parallel to the Caspian Sea's southern coast, dividing the province into many isolated valleys. The province enjoys a moderate, subtropical climate with an average temperature of 25 °C in summer and about 8 °C in winter. Although snow may fall heavily in the mountains in winter, it rarely falls around sea lines.

'''About Salman Shahr (Motelghoo):'''
Salman Shahr (formerly, Motel Qū (Persian: متل قو/ سلمان شهر) and Saqikelayeh (Persian: ساقيكِلايِه) is a city in and capital of Salman Shahr, Abbasabad District, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 9,592, in 2,605 families. Salman Shahr is located 30 kilometres (19 mi) east of Tonekabon en route to the city of Chaloos.
Salman Shar is the new name for this city after the Islamic revolution. In the past, the city was called Saghi Kelaye and was also named after its famous hotel Motel Ghoo or Motel Qu (Swan Motel). Salman Shar city is a new settlement that was established in 1961 which was incorporated as a municipality in 1962.
In the late 2000s the major development and construction projects called "Ghoo" or "Diamond of the Middle East" were kicked off. The core of this project is built in the same place as where motel Ghoo was located.

''

'''History
Pre Islamic History:'''
The region is known to have been populated from early antiquity, and Mazandaran has changed hands among various dynasties from early in its history. There are several fortresses remaining from Parthian and Sassanid times, and many older cemeteries scattered throughout the province. During this era, Mazandaran was part of Hyrcania Province which was one of important provinces.
With the advent of the Sassanid dynasty, the King of Mazandaran (Tabaristan andPadashkhwargar) was Gushnasp, whose ancestors had reigned in the area (under the Parthian empire) since the time of Alexandar. In 529-536 Mazandarn was ruled by Sassanid prince Kawus son of Kawadh. Anushirawan, the Sassanid king, put in his place Zarmihr, who claimed his ancestry from the legendary blacksmith Kaveh. This dynasty ruled till 645 A.D., when Gil Gilanshah (a descendant of the Sassanid king Jamasp and a son of Piruz) joined Mazandaran to Gilan. These families had descendants who ruled during the Islamic period.

'''Mazandaran Today,
General:'''
The culture of Mazandaran is closely related to that of neighboring Gilan (or Guilan) and similarities between the two are abundant. The cuisine of the province is very rich in seafood due to its location by the Caspian Sea, and rice is present in virtually every meal. Indeed, the rest of Iran was introduced to rice through Gilan and Mazandaran. Before the 1800s, Persians, Kurds, and other Iranian ethnic groups used bread rather than rice as an accompaniment to their meals, though bread remains a prominent staple among them. While bread remains very popular among those groups, in Gilan and Mazandaran, rice remains the choice staple of the indigenous inhabitants.
Mazanderani or Tabarian is a Northwestern Iranian language. Various Mazandarani's dialects exist which are spoken in Mazandaran province and the neighbour province Golestan such as Mazanderani, and Gorgani. Also, Qadikolahi (Ghadikolahi) and Palani may be dialects. Mazandarani mostly resemble Gilaki. Today, Mazandaranis also use Persian (Western Persian). The educated can communicate and read Persian well.
A dialect of Azeri is spoken in the town of Galoogah
In Persian epic, Shahnameh, Mazandaran is mentioned in two different sections. First time implicitly, when Fereydun sets its capital in a city called Tamishe near Amol:
Under the title, and when Manuchehr is returning to Fereydun's capital, Tamisheh in Mazandaran (known as Tabarestan), after victory over Salm and Tur:
In the second section, a region called Mazandaran is mentioned at Kai Kavoos era frequently, it is an area which is mostly inhabited by Div (demons). The legendary Iranian Shah Kaykavoos as well as the Iranian hero Rostam each take turn to go to Mazandaran in order to battle the demons.
A famous verse from Shahnameh is when Zal tells Kai Kavoos:
"I heard troubling news that the king is planning to go to Mazandaran"
However, this Mazandaran is not considered identical to the modern province of Mazandaran, and is instead a land to the west of Iran. The current province was simply considered a part of Tabaristan; the name Mazandaran is a later development, perhaps based upon local terminology.

'''Economy:'''
Having sea, jungle and tourism all together has made the province one of the 5 wealthiest in Iran in terms of GDP and net worth. The recent explored oil resources will make the status even better by attracting new investment in the field. Rice, grain, fruits, cotton, tea, tobacco, sugarcane, and silk are produced in the lowland strip along the Caspian shore. Oil wealth has stimulated industries in food processing, cement, textiles, cotton, and fishing (caviar).
Suitable environmental conditions, pleasant and moderate climate, beautiful natural landscapes, and proximity to Tehran, have led the province to be one of the main recreational and tourism areas of Iran.
Iran's Cultural Heritage Organization lists close to 630 sites of historical and cultural significance, hence a wealth of tourist attractions. ''

*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Location; Mazandaran, Iran.jpg|Location; Mazandaran, Iran
Image:Salman Shahr ( Motelghoo); Bird view.jpg|Salman Shahr ( Motelghoo); Bird view
Image:Temprature and Climate Graphs.jpg|Temprature and Climate Graphs
Image:Average Temprature and Rainfall.jpg|Average Temprature and Rainfall
Image:Daryagooshe; Main street.jpg|Daryagooshe; Main street
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Case study 1- Motelghoo, a city where is located in the north of Iran.jpeg|Pavements and streets instructions has not been designed for storm waters, so it has caused a lot of problem as can be seen.
Image:Daryagooshe pavements; Potential for Green infrastructure designing .jpg|Daryagooshe pavements; Potential for Green infrastructure designing
Image:Daryagooshe green space; Potential for Green infrastructure designing.jpg|Daryagooshe green space; Potential for Green infrastructure designing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''
'''Using Permeable pavements,'''

'''Benefits for this site:'''

'''Reduces Storm water Runoff:'''

• Permeable pavement reduces surface runoff volumes and rates by allowing storm water to infiltrate underlying soils.

• By reducing runoff volumes and rates, permeable pavement can lower water treatment costs and reduce flooding and erosion.

'''Increases Groundwater Recharge:'''

• By allowing rainfall to infiltrate, permeable pavement can help increase groundwater recharge.

'''Reduces Energy Use:'''

• The use of permeable pavements also has the potential to reduce energy use by lowering surrounding air temperatures, which in turn reduces demand on cooling systems within buildings.

'''Improves Air Quality:'''

• Because permeable pavement captures rainfall onsite, communities can reduce the amount of water treatment needed, in turn reducing air pollution from power plants.

• By reducing the urban heat island effect, permeable pavement decreases ground level ozone formation, which directly impacts air quality.

'''Reduces Urban Heat Island:'''

• Permeable pavement absorbs less heat than conventional pavement, which helps to reduce the surrounding air temperature and decrease the amount of energy needed for cooling.

'''Using Green Roofs,'''

'''Benefits for this site:'''

'''Reduces Storm water Runoff:'''

• Green roofs can store significant amounts of water in their growing media. This water is eventually evaporated from the soil or transpired by the plants on the roof, thus reducing the runoff entering sewer systems and waterways, which can help alleviate the risk of combined sewer overflows (CSO).

'''Reduces Energy Use:'''

• Additional insulation provided by the growing media of a green roof can reduce a building’s energy consumption by providing superior insulation compared to conventional roofing materials.

• Evaporative cooling from water retained in the growing media reduces roof surface temperatures during hot days.

'''Reduces Urban Heat Island:'''

• The local evaporative cooling provided by green roofs can reduce elevated temperatures present in urban areas as a result of heat-absorbing surfaces such as streets and conventional roofs.

'''Improves Community Livability:'''

• Green roofs improve the local aesthetics of a community.

• Green roofs can increase recreational opportunities by providing outdoor areas for people to use and enjoy. They also have the potential to foster improved community interactions that help build social capital.

• Green roofs may also provide opportunities for urban agriculture.

'''Cultivates Public Education Opportunities:'''

• Green roofs and permeable pavements increase community interest in green infrastructure through their aesthetic appeal, which provides a great opportunity for public education.

• The installation of permeable pavement and green roofs can provide an opportunity to further educate the public about the benefits of green infrastructure in Iran. Using Green infrastructure method in this site provides an opportunity to develop community awareness and understanding around the importance of sustainable water resource management.

''

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''
* By using green infrastructure techniques such as green roofs, rain gardens, tree planting, and permeable pavement, they are managing storm water problems at a lower cost and realizing a wide range of other benefits from reduced air pollution, energy use, and urban heat island effect to improved wildlife habitat and aesthetics.

* Local water management and storm water control benefits.

* Green infrastructure in this site is a powerful tool for managing existing problems and preparing for the future and also readiness for supervenient events.

* Improving quality of life.

* raising awareness on the importance of integrating green infrastructure into its urban landscape, also this case study can be used as a sample for developing Green infrastructure methods in Iran.

''

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Sect.jpg|Projective section
Image:Pavement 1.jpg|Using Permeable pavement
Image:Img 03.jpg|projective drawing
Image:Pavement2.jpg|projective drawing
Image:Green Roof.jpg|Using Green Roofs instead of sloping natural Roofs
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''The aim of GI practices in this site in Iran is due to delivering multiple ecological, economic and social benefits or services. In addition, to reducing polluted storm water runoff, GI practices can also positively impact on energy consumption, air quality, carbon reduction and sequestration, property prices, recreation and other elements of community health and vitality that have monetary or other social value. Moreover, green infrastructure practices in this site can be defined as managing storm waters effectively. For instance almost all pavements and streams in this site should be redesigned in GI method and water harvesting would be used in this site as the redirection and productive use of rainwater by capturing and storing it onsite for irrigation, toilet flushing and other potential uses. Using Permeable pavements and Rain gardens are two samples that would be effective for this meaning. ''

== Image Gallery ==
''Please add further images/photos here''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:IMG 1993.JPG|Winter 2014, unexpected snow, Daryagooshe street, the north view
Image:IMG 1996.JPG|Winter 2014, unexpected snow, Daryagooshe street, the south view
Image:IMG 1992.JPG|Winter 2014, unexpected snow, Motelghoo beach
Image:IMG 6087.PNG|Motelghoo main road, a rainy day
Image:IMG 5954.JPG|Motelghoo plaza
Image:IMG 6088.PNG|Heavy traffic in holidays, Motelghoo main road
Image:IMG 6081.PNG|Daryagooshe street
Image:IMG 6082.PNG|Daryagooshe street
</gallery>

== References ==

''
*http://www.mazandaran.rmto.ir/

*http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salman_Shahr_District

*http://www.americanrivers.org/newsroom/resources/the-value-of-green-infrastructure/

*http://biodiversity-l.iisd.org/news/urbes-highlights-benefits-of-green-infrastructure-in-urban-areas/

*http://www.worldweatheronline.com/Salman-Shahr-weather-averages/Mazandaran/IR.aspx

*http://www.watershedconnect.com/documents/the_value_of_green_infrastructure_a_guide_to_recognizing_its_economic_environmental_and_social_benefits

''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group K - Case Study 1

2014-12-01T22:25:37Z

Kianik: /* Summary and conclusion */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_K|working group K]]

'''''Salman Shahr( Motelghoo), Mazandaran, Iran'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Salman Shahr(Motelghoo)''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Iran''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Salman Shahr(Motelghoo)''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Kimia Kiani''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:IMG 6084.PNG|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=300
|lat=36.709167
|lng=51.19916699999999
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

''Salman Shahr(Motelghoo) is a small city where is located in the north of Iran, between Alborz mountains and Caspian sea. It is a beautiful city with a fabulous scene from mountains to sea although uploaded pictures illustrate only the problems in urban structures in the city.Also the city is chosen by local and foreign tourists as a destination for travelling. Because of its geographical location, the city has a humid and wet weather. So,I have chosen this area as my case study due to its potential for becoming an element for green infrastructure method.As the picture indicates, the city and its urban structure has not been designed for rain storms or heavy snow.For instance, pathways, roads and pavements should be redesigned in the green infrastructure method.''

== Author's perspective ==
''I studied Master of Architecture and Bachelor of Architecture engineering in Iran. I have several years work experiences in designing and researching. Currently I am working in a research office voluntarily. I have done some projects about energy saving in architecture and I am going to continue my studying in a field of sustainability development, specially in design and planning.
I have known Motelghoo since childhood. I and my family have been vacationing in this city most of the time.

New constructions in this city have been bringing considerable population for travelling and living to this but the structure of city, roads and pavements has remained unchanging. ''

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==
*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''

'''Introduction:'''
MAZANDARAN is a Caspian province in the north of Iran, located on the southern coast of the Caspian sea, it is bordered clockwise by the provinces of Golestan to the east, Semnan to the south east, Tehran to the south, Qazvin south west and Gilan by the west.
Mazandaran is one of the most densely populated provinces in Iran and has diverse natural resources, especially large reservoirs of oil and natural gas.
The province covers an area of 23756 Km, equal to 1.46 percent of the country and has a population of 3,000,000 equal to 4 percent of the population of the country. The province also consists of 52 cities, 3600 villages and 45 sections.
There are 18 counties in the province including Sari, Behshahr, Babol, Amol, Qaemshahr, Ramsar, Tonekabon, Chaloos, Noshahr, Noor, Mahmoodabad, Savadkooh, Babolsar, Jooybar, Neka, Behshahr, Galoogah, Fereidoonkenar and Abbas Abad

The province's five largest counties are Sari, Behshahr, Babol, Amol and Qaemshahr. Founded as province in 1937, Mazandaran was declared the second modern province after neighboring Gilan.
The diverse nature of the province features plains, prairies, forests and jungles stretching from the sandy beaches of the Caspian Sea to the rugged and snowcapped Elburz sierra, including Mount Damavand, the highest peak and volcano in the Middle East and Western Asia, which at the narrowest point (Nowshahr County) narrows to 5 miles.
Mazandaran is a major producer of farmed fish and aquaculture provides an important economic addition to traditional dominance of agriculture. Another important contributor to the economy is the tourism industry, as people from all of Iran enjoy visiting the area. Mazandaran is also a fast-growing centre for biotechnology and civil engineering.
Human habitation in the area dates back at least 75,000 years. Recent excavations in Goher Tippe provide proof that the area has been urbanized for more than 5,000 years, and the area is considered one of the most important historical sites of Iran. It has played an important role in cultural and urban development of the region.
Indigenous peoples of the region include the ethnic Mazanderanis speaking an Iranian language which most resembles Gilaki and Sangiseri
Mazandaran province central coordination locates in 36.5656°N 53.0588°E.
The population of the province has been steadily growing during the last 50 years. The population is of Caucasian Iranian stock with a minority of non-native neighboring Turkic tribes (esp. the Turkomen), a sizable Armenian minority and Russian immigrants, mainly from former Soviet republics of Georgia (country), Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan.
The Mazandaran Sea provides a beautiful coastline in north of Sari; northeast of the city is Neka. Qa'emshahr (Formerly known as Shahi) is to its southwest, Juybar is to its northwest, and Kiyasar, Damghan, and Semnan are in the south part of Sari.
Sari is the provincial capital of Mazandaran, located in the north of Iran, between the northern slopes of the Alborz Mountains and southern coast of Caspian (Mazandaran) Sea. Its population is estimated to be 261,293, as of 2006. It has a land area of 5,089 square kilometers. Sari is one of the entertainment and sports centers of Iran.

'''Geography and Climate:'''
Mazandaran province is geographically divided into two parts: the coastal plains, and the mountainous areas. The Alborz Mountain Range surrounds the coastal strip and plains of the Caspian Sea like a huge barrier.
There is often snowfall during most of the seasons in the Alborz regions, which run parallel to the Caspian Sea's southern coast, dividing the province into many isolated valleys. The province enjoys a moderate, subtropical climate with an average temperature of 25 °C in summer and about 8 °C in winter. Although snow may fall heavily in the mountains in winter, it rarely falls around sea lines.
There is often snowfall during most of the seasons in the Alborz regions, which run parallel to the Caspian Sea's southern coast, dividing the province into many isolated valleys. The province enjoys a moderate, subtropical climate with an average temperature of 25 °C in summer and about 8 °C in winter. Although snow may fall heavily in the mountains in winter, it rarely falls around sea lines.

'''About Salman Shahr (Motelghoo):'''
Salman Shahr (formerly, Motel Qū (Persian: متل قو/ سلمان شهر) and Saqikelayeh (Persian: ساقيكِلايِه) is a city in and capital of Salman Shahr, Abbasabad District, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 9,592, in 2,605 families. Salman Shahr is located 30 kilometres (19 mi) east of Tonekabon en route to the city of Chaloos.
Salman Shar is the new name for this city after the Islamic revolution. In the past, the city was called Saghi Kelaye and was also named after its famous hotel Motel Ghoo or Motel Qu (Swan Motel). Salman Shar city is a new settlement that was established in 1961 which was incorporated as a municipality in 1962.
In the late 2000s the major development and construction projects called "Ghoo" or "Diamond of the Middle East" were kicked off. The core of this project is built in the same place as where motel Ghoo was located.

''

'''History
Pre Islamic History:'''
The region is known to have been populated from early antiquity, and Mazandaran has changed hands among various dynasties from early in its history. There are several fortresses remaining from Parthian and Sassanid times, and many older cemeteries scattered throughout the province. During this era, Mazandaran was part of Hyrcania Province which was one of important provinces.
With the advent of the Sassanid dynasty, the King of Mazandaran (Tabaristan andPadashkhwargar) was Gushnasp, whose ancestors had reigned in the area (under the Parthian empire) since the time of Alexandar. In 529-536 Mazandarn was ruled by Sassanid prince Kawus son of Kawadh. Anushirawan, the Sassanid king, put in his place Zarmihr, who claimed his ancestry from the legendary blacksmith Kaveh. This dynasty ruled till 645 A.D., when Gil Gilanshah (a descendant of the Sassanid king Jamasp and a son of Piruz) joined Mazandaran to Gilan. These families had descendants who ruled during the Islamic period.

'''Mazandaran Today,
General:'''
The culture of Mazandaran is closely related to that of neighboring Gilan (or Guilan) and similarities between the two are abundant. The cuisine of the province is very rich in seafood due to its location by the Caspian Sea, and rice is present in virtually every meal. Indeed, the rest of Iran was introduced to rice through Gilan and Mazandaran. Before the 1800s, Persians, Kurds, and other Iranian ethnic groups used bread rather than rice as an accompaniment to their meals, though bread remains a prominent staple among them. While bread remains very popular among those groups, in Gilan and Mazandaran, rice remains the choice staple of the indigenous inhabitants.
Mazanderani or Tabarian is a Northwestern Iranian language. Various Mazandarani's dialects exist which are spoken in Mazandaran province and the neighbour province Golestan such as Mazanderani, and Gorgani. Also, Qadikolahi (Ghadikolahi) and Palani may be dialects. Mazandarani mostly resemble Gilaki. Today, Mazandaranis also use Persian (Western Persian). The educated can communicate and read Persian well.
A dialect of Azeri is spoken in the town of Galoogah
In Persian epic, Shahnameh, Mazandaran is mentioned in two different sections. First time implicitly, when Fereydun sets its capital in a city called Tamishe near Amol:
Under the title, and when Manuchehr is returning to Fereydun's capital, Tamisheh in Mazandaran (known as Tabarestan), after victory over Salm and Tur:
In the second section, a region called Mazandaran is mentioned at Kai Kavoos era frequently, it is an area which is mostly inhabited by Div (demons). The legendary Iranian Shah Kaykavoos as well as the Iranian hero Rostam each take turn to go to Mazandaran in order to battle the demons.
A famous verse from Shahnameh is when Zal tells Kai Kavoos:
"I heard troubling news that the king is planning to go to Mazandaran"
However, this Mazandaran is not considered identical to the modern province of Mazandaran, and is instead a land to the west of Iran. The current province was simply considered a part of Tabaristan; the name Mazandaran is a later development, perhaps based upon local terminology.

'''Economy:'''
Having sea, jungle and tourism all together has made the province one of the 5 wealthiest in Iran in terms of GDP and net worth. The recent explored oil resources will make the status even better by attracting new investment in the field. Rice, grain, fruits, cotton, tea, tobacco, sugarcane, and silk are produced in the lowland strip along the Caspian shore. Oil wealth has stimulated industries in food processing, cement, textiles, cotton, and fishing (caviar).
Suitable environmental conditions, pleasant and moderate climate, beautiful natural landscapes, and proximity to Tehran, have led the province to be one of the main recreational and tourism areas of Iran.
Iran's Cultural Heritage Organization lists close to 630 sites of historical and cultural significance, hence a wealth of tourist attractions. ''

*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Location; Mazandaran, Iran.jpg|Location; Mazandaran, Iran
Image:Salman Shahr ( Motelghoo); Bird view.jpg|Salman Shahr ( Motelghoo); Bird view
Image:Temprature and Climate Graphs.jpg|Temprature and Climate Graphs
Image:Average Temprature and Rainfall.jpg|Average Temprature and Rainfall
Image:Daryagooshe; Main street.jpg|Daryagooshe; Main street
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Case study 1- Motelghoo, a city where is located in the north of Iran.jpeg|Pavements and streets instructions has not been designed for storm waters, so it has caused a lot of problem as can be seen.
Image:Daryagooshe pavements; Potential for Green infrastructure designing .jpg|Daryagooshe pavements; Potential for Green infrastructure designing
Image:Daryagooshe green space; Potential for Green infrastructure designing.jpg|Daryagooshe green space; Potential for Green infrastructure designing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''
'''Using Permeable pavements,'''

'''Benefits for this site:'''

'''Reduces Storm water Runoff:'''

• Permeable pavement reduces surface runoff volumes and rates by allowing storm water to infiltrate underlying soils.

• By reducing runoff volumes and rates, permeable pavement can lower water treatment costs and reduce flooding and erosion.

'''Increases Groundwater Recharge:'''

• By allowing rainfall to infiltrate, permeable pavement can help increase groundwater recharge.

'''Reduces Energy Use:'''

• The use of permeable pavements also has the potential to reduce energy use by lowering surrounding air temperatures, which in turn reduces demand on cooling systems within buildings.

'''Improves Air Quality:'''

• Because permeable pavement captures rainfall onsite, communities can reduce the amount of water treatment needed, in turn reducing air pollution from power plants.

• By reducing the urban heat island effect, permeable pavement decreases ground level ozone formation, which directly impacts air quality.

'''Reduces Urban Heat Island:'''

• Permeable pavement absorbs less heat than conventional pavement, which helps to reduce the surrounding air temperature and decrease the amount of energy needed for cooling.

'''Using Green Roofs,'''

'''Benefits for this site:'''

'''Reduces Storm water Runoff:'''

• Green roofs can store significant amounts of water in their growing media. This water is eventually evaporated from the soil or transpired by the plants on the roof, thus reducing the runoff entering sewer systems and waterways, which can help alleviate the risk of combined sewer overflows (CSO).

'''Reduces Energy Use:'''

• Additional insulation provided by the growing media of a green roof can reduce a building’s energy consumption by providing superior insulation compared to conventional roofing materials.

• Evaporative cooling from water retained in the growing media reduces roof surface temperatures during hot days.

'''Reduces Urban Heat Island:'''

• The local evaporative cooling provided by green roofs can reduce elevated temperatures present in urban areas as a result of heat-absorbing surfaces such as streets and conventional roofs.

'''Improves Community Livability:'''

• Green roofs improve the local aesthetics of a community.

• Green roofs can increase recreational opportunities by providing outdoor areas for people to use and enjoy. They also have the potential to foster improved community interactions that help build social capital.

• Green roofs may also provide opportunities for urban agriculture.

'''Cultivates Public Education Opportunities:'''

• Green roofs and permeable pavements increase community interest in green infrastructure through their aesthetic appeal, which provides a great opportunity for public education.

• The installation of permeable pavement and green roofs can provide an opportunity to further educate the public about the benefits of green infrastructure in Iran. Using Green infrastructure method in this site provides an opportunity to develop community awareness and understanding around the importance of sustainable water resource management.

''

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''
* By using green infrastructure techniques such as green roofs, rain gardens, tree planting, and permeable pavement, they are managing storm water problems at a lower cost and realizing a wide range of other benefits from reduced air pollution, energy use, and urban heat island effect to improved wildlife habitat and aesthetics.

* Local water management and storm water control benefits.

* Green infrastructure in this site is a powerful tool for managing existing problems and preparing for the future and also readiness for supervenient events.

* Improving quality of life.

* raising awareness on the importance of integrating green infrastructure into its urban landscape, also this case study can be used as a sample for developing Green infrastructure methods in Iran.

''

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Sect.jpg|Projective section
Image:Pavement 1.jpg|Using Permeable pavement
Image:Img 03.jpg|projective drawing
Image:Pavement2.jpg|projective drawing
Image:Green Roof.jpg|Using Green Roofs instead of sloping natural Roofs
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''The aim of GI practices in this site in Iran is due to delivering multiple ecological, economic and social benefits or services. In addition, to reducing polluted storm water runoff, GI practices can also positively impact on energy consumption, air quality, carbon reduction and sequestration, property prices, recreation and other elements of community health and vitality that have monetary or other social value. Moreover, green infrastructure practices in this site can be defined as managing storm waters effectively. For instance almost all pavements and streams in this site should be redesigned in GI method and water harvesting would be used in this site as the redirection and productive use of rainwater by capturing and storing it onsite for irrigation, toilet flushing and other potential uses. Using Permeable pavements, Rain gardens are two samples that would be effective for this meaning. ''

== Image Gallery ==
''Please add further images/photos here''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:IMG 1993.JPG|Winter 2014, unexpected snow, Daryagooshe street, the north view
Image:IMG 1996.JPG|Winter 2014, unexpected snow, Daryagooshe street, the south view
Image:IMG 1992.JPG|Winter 2014, unexpected snow, Motelghoo beach
Image:IMG 6087.PNG|Motelghoo main road, a rainy day
Image:IMG 5954.JPG|Motelghoo plaza
Image:IMG 6088.PNG|Heavy traffic in holidays, Motelghoo main road
Image:IMG 6081.PNG|Daryagooshe street
Image:IMG 6082.PNG|Daryagooshe street
</gallery>

== References ==

''
*http://www.mazandaran.rmto.ir/

*http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salman_Shahr_District

*http://www.americanrivers.org/newsroom/resources/the-value-of-green-infrastructure/

*http://biodiversity-l.iisd.org/news/urbes-highlights-benefits-of-green-infrastructure-in-urban-areas/

*http://www.worldweatheronline.com/Salman-Shahr-weather-averages/Mazandaran/IR.aspx

*http://www.watershedconnect.com/documents/the_value_of_green_infrastructure_a_guide_to_recognizing_its_economic_environmental_and_social_benefits

''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group K - Case Study 1

2014-12-01T22:14:13Z

Kianik: /* Summary and conclusion */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_K|working group K]]

'''''Salman Shahr( Motelghoo), Mazandaran, Iran'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Salman Shahr(Motelghoo)''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Iran''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Salman Shahr(Motelghoo)''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Kimia Kiani''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:IMG 6084.PNG|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
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|width=300
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|lat=36.709167
|lng=51.19916699999999
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

''Salman Shahr(Motelghoo) is a small city where is located in the north of Iran, between Alborz mountains and Caspian sea. It is a beautiful city with a fabulous scene from mountains to sea although uploaded pictures illustrate only the problems in urban structures in the city.Also the city is chosen by local and foreign tourists as a destination for travelling. Because of its geographical location, the city has a humid and wet weather. So,I have chosen this area as my case study due to its potential for becoming an element for green infrastructure method.As the picture indicates, the city and its urban structure has not been designed for rain storms or heavy snow.For instance, pathways, roads and pavements should be redesigned in the green infrastructure method.''

== Author's perspective ==
''I studied Master of Architecture and Bachelor of Architecture engineering in Iran. I have several years work experiences in designing and researching. Currently I am working in a research office voluntarily. I have done some projects about energy saving in architecture and I am going to continue my studying in a field of sustainability development, specially in design and planning.
I have known Motelghoo since childhood. I and my family have been vacationing in this city most of the time.

New constructions in this city have been bringing considerable population for travelling and living to this but the structure of city, roads and pavements has remained unchanging. ''

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==
*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''

'''Introduction:'''
MAZANDARAN is a Caspian province in the north of Iran, located on the southern coast of the Caspian sea, it is bordered clockwise by the provinces of Golestan to the east, Semnan to the south east, Tehran to the south, Qazvin south west and Gilan by the west.
Mazandaran is one of the most densely populated provinces in Iran and has diverse natural resources, especially large reservoirs of oil and natural gas.
The province covers an area of 23756 Km, equal to 1.46 percent of the country and has a population of 3,000,000 equal to 4 percent of the population of the country. The province also consists of 52 cities, 3600 villages and 45 sections.
There are 18 counties in the province including Sari, Behshahr, Babol, Amol, Qaemshahr, Ramsar, Tonekabon, Chaloos, Noshahr, Noor, Mahmoodabad, Savadkooh, Babolsar, Jooybar, Neka, Behshahr, Galoogah, Fereidoonkenar and Abbas Abad

The province's five largest counties are Sari, Behshahr, Babol, Amol and Qaemshahr. Founded as province in 1937, Mazandaran was declared the second modern province after neighboring Gilan.
The diverse nature of the province features plains, prairies, forests and jungles stretching from the sandy beaches of the Caspian Sea to the rugged and snowcapped Elburz sierra, including Mount Damavand, the highest peak and volcano in the Middle East and Western Asia, which at the narrowest point (Nowshahr County) narrows to 5 miles.
Mazandaran is a major producer of farmed fish and aquaculture provides an important economic addition to traditional dominance of agriculture. Another important contributor to the economy is the tourism industry, as people from all of Iran enjoy visiting the area. Mazandaran is also a fast-growing centre for biotechnology and civil engineering.
Human habitation in the area dates back at least 75,000 years. Recent excavations in Goher Tippe provide proof that the area has been urbanized for more than 5,000 years, and the area is considered one of the most important historical sites of Iran. It has played an important role in cultural and urban development of the region.
Indigenous peoples of the region include the ethnic Mazanderanis speaking an Iranian language which most resembles Gilaki and Sangiseri
Mazandaran province central coordination locates in 36.5656°N 53.0588°E.
The population of the province has been steadily growing during the last 50 years. The population is of Caucasian Iranian stock with a minority of non-native neighboring Turkic tribes (esp. the Turkomen), a sizable Armenian minority and Russian immigrants, mainly from former Soviet republics of Georgia (country), Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan.
The Mazandaran Sea provides a beautiful coastline in north of Sari; northeast of the city is Neka. Qa'emshahr (Formerly known as Shahi) is to its southwest, Juybar is to its northwest, and Kiyasar, Damghan, and Semnan are in the south part of Sari.
Sari is the provincial capital of Mazandaran, located in the north of Iran, between the northern slopes of the Alborz Mountains and southern coast of Caspian (Mazandaran) Sea. Its population is estimated to be 261,293, as of 2006. It has a land area of 5,089 square kilometers. Sari is one of the entertainment and sports centers of Iran.

'''Geography and Climate:'''
Mazandaran province is geographically divided into two parts: the coastal plains, and the mountainous areas. The Alborz Mountain Range surrounds the coastal strip and plains of the Caspian Sea like a huge barrier.
There is often snowfall during most of the seasons in the Alborz regions, which run parallel to the Caspian Sea's southern coast, dividing the province into many isolated valleys. The province enjoys a moderate, subtropical climate with an average temperature of 25 °C in summer and about 8 °C in winter. Although snow may fall heavily in the mountains in winter, it rarely falls around sea lines.
There is often snowfall during most of the seasons in the Alborz regions, which run parallel to the Caspian Sea's southern coast, dividing the province into many isolated valleys. The province enjoys a moderate, subtropical climate with an average temperature of 25 °C in summer and about 8 °C in winter. Although snow may fall heavily in the mountains in winter, it rarely falls around sea lines.

'''About Salman Shahr (Motelghoo):'''
Salman Shahr (formerly, Motel Qū (Persian: متل قو/ سلمان شهر) and Saqikelayeh (Persian: ساقيكِلايِه) is a city in and capital of Salman Shahr, Abbasabad District, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 9,592, in 2,605 families. Salman Shahr is located 30 kilometres (19 mi) east of Tonekabon en route to the city of Chaloos.
Salman Shar is the new name for this city after the Islamic revolution. In the past, the city was called Saghi Kelaye and was also named after its famous hotel Motel Ghoo or Motel Qu (Swan Motel). Salman Shar city is a new settlement that was established in 1961 which was incorporated as a municipality in 1962.
In the late 2000s the major development and construction projects called "Ghoo" or "Diamond of the Middle East" were kicked off. The core of this project is built in the same place as where motel Ghoo was located.

''

'''History
Pre Islamic History:'''
The region is known to have been populated from early antiquity, and Mazandaran has changed hands among various dynasties from early in its history. There are several fortresses remaining from Parthian and Sassanid times, and many older cemeteries scattered throughout the province. During this era, Mazandaran was part of Hyrcania Province which was one of important provinces.
With the advent of the Sassanid dynasty, the King of Mazandaran (Tabaristan andPadashkhwargar) was Gushnasp, whose ancestors had reigned in the area (under the Parthian empire) since the time of Alexandar. In 529-536 Mazandarn was ruled by Sassanid prince Kawus son of Kawadh. Anushirawan, the Sassanid king, put in his place Zarmihr, who claimed his ancestry from the legendary blacksmith Kaveh. This dynasty ruled till 645 A.D., when Gil Gilanshah (a descendant of the Sassanid king Jamasp and a son of Piruz) joined Mazandaran to Gilan. These families had descendants who ruled during the Islamic period.

'''Mazandaran Today,
General:'''
The culture of Mazandaran is closely related to that of neighboring Gilan (or Guilan) and similarities between the two are abundant. The cuisine of the province is very rich in seafood due to its location by the Caspian Sea, and rice is present in virtually every meal. Indeed, the rest of Iran was introduced to rice through Gilan and Mazandaran. Before the 1800s, Persians, Kurds, and other Iranian ethnic groups used bread rather than rice as an accompaniment to their meals, though bread remains a prominent staple among them. While bread remains very popular among those groups, in Gilan and Mazandaran, rice remains the choice staple of the indigenous inhabitants.
Mazanderani or Tabarian is a Northwestern Iranian language. Various Mazandarani's dialects exist which are spoken in Mazandaran province and the neighbour province Golestan such as Mazanderani, and Gorgani. Also, Qadikolahi (Ghadikolahi) and Palani may be dialects. Mazandarani mostly resemble Gilaki. Today, Mazandaranis also use Persian (Western Persian). The educated can communicate and read Persian well.
A dialect of Azeri is spoken in the town of Galoogah
In Persian epic, Shahnameh, Mazandaran is mentioned in two different sections. First time implicitly, when Fereydun sets its capital in a city called Tamishe near Amol:
Under the title, and when Manuchehr is returning to Fereydun's capital, Tamisheh in Mazandaran (known as Tabarestan), after victory over Salm and Tur:
In the second section, a region called Mazandaran is mentioned at Kai Kavoos era frequently, it is an area which is mostly inhabited by Div (demons). The legendary Iranian Shah Kaykavoos as well as the Iranian hero Rostam each take turn to go to Mazandaran in order to battle the demons.
A famous verse from Shahnameh is when Zal tells Kai Kavoos:
"I heard troubling news that the king is planning to go to Mazandaran"
However, this Mazandaran is not considered identical to the modern province of Mazandaran, and is instead a land to the west of Iran. The current province was simply considered a part of Tabaristan; the name Mazandaran is a later development, perhaps based upon local terminology.

'''Economy:'''
Having sea, jungle and tourism all together has made the province one of the 5 wealthiest in Iran in terms of GDP and net worth. The recent explored oil resources will make the status even better by attracting new investment in the field. Rice, grain, fruits, cotton, tea, tobacco, sugarcane, and silk are produced in the lowland strip along the Caspian shore. Oil wealth has stimulated industries in food processing, cement, textiles, cotton, and fishing (caviar).
Suitable environmental conditions, pleasant and moderate climate, beautiful natural landscapes, and proximity to Tehran, have led the province to be one of the main recreational and tourism areas of Iran.
Iran's Cultural Heritage Organization lists close to 630 sites of historical and cultural significance, hence a wealth of tourist attractions. ''

*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Location; Mazandaran, Iran.jpg|Location; Mazandaran, Iran
Image:Salman Shahr ( Motelghoo); Bird view.jpg|Salman Shahr ( Motelghoo); Bird view
Image:Temprature and Climate Graphs.jpg|Temprature and Climate Graphs
Image:Average Temprature and Rainfall.jpg|Average Temprature and Rainfall
Image:Daryagooshe; Main street.jpg|Daryagooshe; Main street
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Case study 1- Motelghoo, a city where is located in the north of Iran.jpeg|Pavements and streets instructions has not been designed for storm waters, so it has caused a lot of problem as can be seen.
Image:Daryagooshe pavements; Potential for Green infrastructure designing .jpg|Daryagooshe pavements; Potential for Green infrastructure designing
Image:Daryagooshe green space; Potential for Green infrastructure designing.jpg|Daryagooshe green space; Potential for Green infrastructure designing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''
'''Using Permeable pavements,'''

'''Benefits for this site:'''

'''Reduces Storm water Runoff:'''

• Permeable pavement reduces surface runoff volumes and rates by allowing storm water to infiltrate underlying soils.

• By reducing runoff volumes and rates, permeable pavement can lower water treatment costs and reduce flooding and erosion.

'''Increases Groundwater Recharge:'''

• By allowing rainfall to infiltrate, permeable pavement can help increase groundwater recharge.

'''Reduces Energy Use:'''

• The use of permeable pavements also has the potential to reduce energy use by lowering surrounding air temperatures, which in turn reduces demand on cooling systems within buildings.

'''Improves Air Quality:'''

• Because permeable pavement captures rainfall onsite, communities can reduce the amount of water treatment needed, in turn reducing air pollution from power plants.

• By reducing the urban heat island effect, permeable pavement decreases ground level ozone formation, which directly impacts air quality.

'''Reduces Urban Heat Island:'''

• Permeable pavement absorbs less heat than conventional pavement, which helps to reduce the surrounding air temperature and decrease the amount of energy needed for cooling.

'''Using Green Roofs,'''

'''Benefits for this site:'''

'''Reduces Storm water Runoff:'''

• Green roofs can store significant amounts of water in their growing media. This water is eventually evaporated from the soil or transpired by the plants on the roof, thus reducing the runoff entering sewer systems and waterways, which can help alleviate the risk of combined sewer overflows (CSO).

'''Reduces Energy Use:'''

• Additional insulation provided by the growing media of a green roof can reduce a building’s energy consumption by providing superior insulation compared to conventional roofing materials.

• Evaporative cooling from water retained in the growing media reduces roof surface temperatures during hot days.

'''Reduces Urban Heat Island:'''

• The local evaporative cooling provided by green roofs can reduce elevated temperatures present in urban areas as a result of heat-absorbing surfaces such as streets and conventional roofs.

'''Improves Community Livability:'''

• Green roofs improve the local aesthetics of a community.

• Green roofs can increase recreational opportunities by providing outdoor areas for people to use and enjoy. They also have the potential to foster improved community interactions that help build social capital.

• Green roofs may also provide opportunities for urban agriculture.

'''Cultivates Public Education Opportunities:'''

• Green roofs and permeable pavements increase community interest in green infrastructure through their aesthetic appeal, which provides a great opportunity for public education.

• The installation of permeable pavement and green roofs can provide an opportunity to further educate the public about the benefits of green infrastructure in Iran. Using Green infrastructure method in this site provides an opportunity to develop community awareness and understanding around the importance of sustainable water resource management.

''

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''
* By using green infrastructure techniques such as green roofs, rain gardens, tree planting, and permeable pavement, they are managing storm water problems at a lower cost and realizing a wide range of other benefits from reduced air pollution, energy use, and urban heat island effect to improved wildlife habitat and aesthetics.

* Local water management and storm water control benefits.

* Green infrastructure in this site is a powerful tool for managing existing problems and preparing for the future and also readiness for supervenient events.

* Improving quality of life.

* raising awareness on the importance of integrating green infrastructure into its urban landscape, also this case study can be used as a sample for developing Green infrastructure methods in Iran.

''

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Sect.jpg|Projective section
Image:Pavement 1.jpg|Using Permeable pavement
Image:Img 03.jpg|projective drawing
Image:Pavement2.jpg|projective drawing
Image:Green Roof.jpg|Using Green Roofs instead of sloping natural Roofs
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''The aim of GI practices in this site in Iran is due to delivering multiple ecological, economic and social benefits or services. In addition, to reducing polluted storm water runoff, GI practices can also positively impact on energy consumption, air quality, carbon reduction and sequestration, property prices, recreation and other elements of community health and vitality that have monetary or other social value. Moreover, green infrastructure practices in this site can be defined as managing storm waters effectively. For instance almost all pavements and streams should be redesigned in GI method and water harvesting would be used in this site as the redirection and productive use of rainwater by capturing and storing it onsite for irrigation, toilet flushing and other potential uses. ''

== Image Gallery ==
''Please add further images/photos here''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:IMG 1993.JPG|Winter 2014, unexpected snow, Daryagooshe street, the north view
Image:IMG 1996.JPG|Winter 2014, unexpected snow, Daryagooshe street, the south view
Image:IMG 1992.JPG|Winter 2014, unexpected snow, Motelghoo beach
Image:IMG 6087.PNG|Motelghoo main road, a rainy day
Image:IMG 5954.JPG|Motelghoo plaza
Image:IMG 6088.PNG|Heavy traffic in holidays, Motelghoo main road
Image:IMG 6081.PNG|Daryagooshe street
Image:IMG 6082.PNG|Daryagooshe street
</gallery>

== References ==

''
*http://www.mazandaran.rmto.ir/

*http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salman_Shahr_District

*http://www.americanrivers.org/newsroom/resources/the-value-of-green-infrastructure/

*http://biodiversity-l.iisd.org/news/urbes-highlights-benefits-of-green-infrastructure-in-urban-areas/

*http://www.worldweatheronline.com/Salman-Shahr-weather-averages/Mazandaran/IR.aspx

*http://www.watershedconnect.com/documents/the_value_of_green_infrastructure_a_guide_to_recognizing_its_economic_environmental_and_social_benefits

''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group K - Case Study 1

2014-12-01T22:12:35Z

Kianik: /* Summary and conclusion */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_K|working group K]]

'''''Salman Shahr( Motelghoo), Mazandaran, Iran'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Salman Shahr(Motelghoo)''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Iran''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Salman Shahr(Motelghoo)''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Kimia Kiani''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:IMG 6084.PNG|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=300
|lat=36.709167
|lng=51.19916699999999
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

''Salman Shahr(Motelghoo) is a small city where is located in the north of Iran, between Alborz mountains and Caspian sea. It is a beautiful city with a fabulous scene from mountains to sea although uploaded pictures illustrate only the problems in urban structures in the city.Also the city is chosen by local and foreign tourists as a destination for travelling. Because of its geographical location, the city has a humid and wet weather. So,I have chosen this area as my case study due to its potential for becoming an element for green infrastructure method.As the picture indicates, the city and its urban structure has not been designed for rain storms or heavy snow.For instance, pathways, roads and pavements should be redesigned in the green infrastructure method.''

== Author's perspective ==
''I studied Master of Architecture and Bachelor of Architecture engineering in Iran. I have several years work experiences in designing and researching. Currently I am working in a research office voluntarily. I have done some projects about energy saving in architecture and I am going to continue my studying in a field of sustainability development, specially in design and planning.
I have known Motelghoo since childhood. I and my family have been vacationing in this city most of the time.

New constructions in this city have been bringing considerable population for travelling and living to this but the structure of city, roads and pavements has remained unchanging. ''

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==
*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''

'''Introduction:'''
MAZANDARAN is a Caspian province in the north of Iran, located on the southern coast of the Caspian sea, it is bordered clockwise by the provinces of Golestan to the east, Semnan to the south east, Tehran to the south, Qazvin south west and Gilan by the west.
Mazandaran is one of the most densely populated provinces in Iran and has diverse natural resources, especially large reservoirs of oil and natural gas.
The province covers an area of 23756 Km, equal to 1.46 percent of the country and has a population of 3,000,000 equal to 4 percent of the population of the country. The province also consists of 52 cities, 3600 villages and 45 sections.
There are 18 counties in the province including Sari, Behshahr, Babol, Amol, Qaemshahr, Ramsar, Tonekabon, Chaloos, Noshahr, Noor, Mahmoodabad, Savadkooh, Babolsar, Jooybar, Neka, Behshahr, Galoogah, Fereidoonkenar and Abbas Abad

The province's five largest counties are Sari, Behshahr, Babol, Amol and Qaemshahr. Founded as province in 1937, Mazandaran was declared the second modern province after neighboring Gilan.
The diverse nature of the province features plains, prairies, forests and jungles stretching from the sandy beaches of the Caspian Sea to the rugged and snowcapped Elburz sierra, including Mount Damavand, the highest peak and volcano in the Middle East and Western Asia, which at the narrowest point (Nowshahr County) narrows to 5 miles.
Mazandaran is a major producer of farmed fish and aquaculture provides an important economic addition to traditional dominance of agriculture. Another important contributor to the economy is the tourism industry, as people from all of Iran enjoy visiting the area. Mazandaran is also a fast-growing centre for biotechnology and civil engineering.
Human habitation in the area dates back at least 75,000 years. Recent excavations in Goher Tippe provide proof that the area has been urbanized for more than 5,000 years, and the area is considered one of the most important historical sites of Iran. It has played an important role in cultural and urban development of the region.
Indigenous peoples of the region include the ethnic Mazanderanis speaking an Iranian language which most resembles Gilaki and Sangiseri
Mazandaran province central coordination locates in 36.5656°N 53.0588°E.
The population of the province has been steadily growing during the last 50 years. The population is of Caucasian Iranian stock with a minority of non-native neighboring Turkic tribes (esp. the Turkomen), a sizable Armenian minority and Russian immigrants, mainly from former Soviet republics of Georgia (country), Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan.
The Mazandaran Sea provides a beautiful coastline in north of Sari; northeast of the city is Neka. Qa'emshahr (Formerly known as Shahi) is to its southwest, Juybar is to its northwest, and Kiyasar, Damghan, and Semnan are in the south part of Sari.
Sari is the provincial capital of Mazandaran, located in the north of Iran, between the northern slopes of the Alborz Mountains and southern coast of Caspian (Mazandaran) Sea. Its population is estimated to be 261,293, as of 2006. It has a land area of 5,089 square kilometers. Sari is one of the entertainment and sports centers of Iran.

'''Geography and Climate:'''
Mazandaran province is geographically divided into two parts: the coastal plains, and the mountainous areas. The Alborz Mountain Range surrounds the coastal strip and plains of the Caspian Sea like a huge barrier.
There is often snowfall during most of the seasons in the Alborz regions, which run parallel to the Caspian Sea's southern coast, dividing the province into many isolated valleys. The province enjoys a moderate, subtropical climate with an average temperature of 25 °C in summer and about 8 °C in winter. Although snow may fall heavily in the mountains in winter, it rarely falls around sea lines.
There is often snowfall during most of the seasons in the Alborz regions, which run parallel to the Caspian Sea's southern coast, dividing the province into many isolated valleys. The province enjoys a moderate, subtropical climate with an average temperature of 25 °C in summer and about 8 °C in winter. Although snow may fall heavily in the mountains in winter, it rarely falls around sea lines.

'''About Salman Shahr (Motelghoo):'''
Salman Shahr (formerly, Motel Qū (Persian: متل قو/ سلمان شهر) and Saqikelayeh (Persian: ساقيكِلايِه) is a city in and capital of Salman Shahr, Abbasabad District, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 9,592, in 2,605 families. Salman Shahr is located 30 kilometres (19 mi) east of Tonekabon en route to the city of Chaloos.
Salman Shar is the new name for this city after the Islamic revolution. In the past, the city was called Saghi Kelaye and was also named after its famous hotel Motel Ghoo or Motel Qu (Swan Motel). Salman Shar city is a new settlement that was established in 1961 which was incorporated as a municipality in 1962.
In the late 2000s the major development and construction projects called "Ghoo" or "Diamond of the Middle East" were kicked off. The core of this project is built in the same place as where motel Ghoo was located.

''

'''History
Pre Islamic History:'''
The region is known to have been populated from early antiquity, and Mazandaran has changed hands among various dynasties from early in its history. There are several fortresses remaining from Parthian and Sassanid times, and many older cemeteries scattered throughout the province. During this era, Mazandaran was part of Hyrcania Province which was one of important provinces.
With the advent of the Sassanid dynasty, the King of Mazandaran (Tabaristan andPadashkhwargar) was Gushnasp, whose ancestors had reigned in the area (under the Parthian empire) since the time of Alexandar. In 529-536 Mazandarn was ruled by Sassanid prince Kawus son of Kawadh. Anushirawan, the Sassanid king, put in his place Zarmihr, who claimed his ancestry from the legendary blacksmith Kaveh. This dynasty ruled till 645 A.D., when Gil Gilanshah (a descendant of the Sassanid king Jamasp and a son of Piruz) joined Mazandaran to Gilan. These families had descendants who ruled during the Islamic period.

'''Mazandaran Today,
General:'''
The culture of Mazandaran is closely related to that of neighboring Gilan (or Guilan) and similarities between the two are abundant. The cuisine of the province is very rich in seafood due to its location by the Caspian Sea, and rice is present in virtually every meal. Indeed, the rest of Iran was introduced to rice through Gilan and Mazandaran. Before the 1800s, Persians, Kurds, and other Iranian ethnic groups used bread rather than rice as an accompaniment to their meals, though bread remains a prominent staple among them. While bread remains very popular among those groups, in Gilan and Mazandaran, rice remains the choice staple of the indigenous inhabitants.
Mazanderani or Tabarian is a Northwestern Iranian language. Various Mazandarani's dialects exist which are spoken in Mazandaran province and the neighbour province Golestan such as Mazanderani, and Gorgani. Also, Qadikolahi (Ghadikolahi) and Palani may be dialects. Mazandarani mostly resemble Gilaki. Today, Mazandaranis also use Persian (Western Persian). The educated can communicate and read Persian well.
A dialect of Azeri is spoken in the town of Galoogah
In Persian epic, Shahnameh, Mazandaran is mentioned in two different sections. First time implicitly, when Fereydun sets its capital in a city called Tamishe near Amol:
Under the title, and when Manuchehr is returning to Fereydun's capital, Tamisheh in Mazandaran (known as Tabarestan), after victory over Salm and Tur:
In the second section, a region called Mazandaran is mentioned at Kai Kavoos era frequently, it is an area which is mostly inhabited by Div (demons). The legendary Iranian Shah Kaykavoos as well as the Iranian hero Rostam each take turn to go to Mazandaran in order to battle the demons.
A famous verse from Shahnameh is when Zal tells Kai Kavoos:
"I heard troubling news that the king is planning to go to Mazandaran"
However, this Mazandaran is not considered identical to the modern province of Mazandaran, and is instead a land to the west of Iran. The current province was simply considered a part of Tabaristan; the name Mazandaran is a later development, perhaps based upon local terminology.

'''Economy:'''
Having sea, jungle and tourism all together has made the province one of the 5 wealthiest in Iran in terms of GDP and net worth. The recent explored oil resources will make the status even better by attracting new investment in the field. Rice, grain, fruits, cotton, tea, tobacco, sugarcane, and silk are produced in the lowland strip along the Caspian shore. Oil wealth has stimulated industries in food processing, cement, textiles, cotton, and fishing (caviar).
Suitable environmental conditions, pleasant and moderate climate, beautiful natural landscapes, and proximity to Tehran, have led the province to be one of the main recreational and tourism areas of Iran.
Iran's Cultural Heritage Organization lists close to 630 sites of historical and cultural significance, hence a wealth of tourist attractions. ''

*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Location; Mazandaran, Iran.jpg|Location; Mazandaran, Iran
Image:Salman Shahr ( Motelghoo); Bird view.jpg|Salman Shahr ( Motelghoo); Bird view
Image:Temprature and Climate Graphs.jpg|Temprature and Climate Graphs
Image:Average Temprature and Rainfall.jpg|Average Temprature and Rainfall
Image:Daryagooshe; Main street.jpg|Daryagooshe; Main street
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Case study 1- Motelghoo, a city where is located in the north of Iran.jpeg|Pavements and streets instructions has not been designed for storm waters, so it has caused a lot of problem as can be seen.
Image:Daryagooshe pavements; Potential for Green infrastructure designing .jpg|Daryagooshe pavements; Potential for Green infrastructure designing
Image:Daryagooshe green space; Potential for Green infrastructure designing.jpg|Daryagooshe green space; Potential for Green infrastructure designing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''
'''Using Permeable pavements,'''

'''Benefits for this site:'''

'''Reduces Storm water Runoff:'''

• Permeable pavement reduces surface runoff volumes and rates by allowing storm water to infiltrate underlying soils.

• By reducing runoff volumes and rates, permeable pavement can lower water treatment costs and reduce flooding and erosion.

'''Increases Groundwater Recharge:'''

• By allowing rainfall to infiltrate, permeable pavement can help increase groundwater recharge.

'''Reduces Energy Use:'''

• The use of permeable pavements also has the potential to reduce energy use by lowering surrounding air temperatures, which in turn reduces demand on cooling systems within buildings.

'''Improves Air Quality:'''

• Because permeable pavement captures rainfall onsite, communities can reduce the amount of water treatment needed, in turn reducing air pollution from power plants.

• By reducing the urban heat island effect, permeable pavement decreases ground level ozone formation, which directly impacts air quality.

'''Reduces Urban Heat Island:'''

• Permeable pavement absorbs less heat than conventional pavement, which helps to reduce the surrounding air temperature and decrease the amount of energy needed for cooling.

'''Using Green Roofs,'''

'''Benefits for this site:'''

'''Reduces Storm water Runoff:'''

• Green roofs can store significant amounts of water in their growing media. This water is eventually evaporated from the soil or transpired by the plants on the roof, thus reducing the runoff entering sewer systems and waterways, which can help alleviate the risk of combined sewer overflows (CSO).

'''Reduces Energy Use:'''

• Additional insulation provided by the growing media of a green roof can reduce a building’s energy consumption by providing superior insulation compared to conventional roofing materials.

• Evaporative cooling from water retained in the growing media reduces roof surface temperatures during hot days.

'''Reduces Urban Heat Island:'''

• The local evaporative cooling provided by green roofs can reduce elevated temperatures present in urban areas as a result of heat-absorbing surfaces such as streets and conventional roofs.

'''Improves Community Livability:'''

• Green roofs improve the local aesthetics of a community.

• Green roofs can increase recreational opportunities by providing outdoor areas for people to use and enjoy. They also have the potential to foster improved community interactions that help build social capital.

• Green roofs may also provide opportunities for urban agriculture.

'''Cultivates Public Education Opportunities:'''

• Green roofs and permeable pavements increase community interest in green infrastructure through their aesthetic appeal, which provides a great opportunity for public education.

• The installation of permeable pavement and green roofs can provide an opportunity to further educate the public about the benefits of green infrastructure in Iran. Using Green infrastructure method in this site provides an opportunity to develop community awareness and understanding around the importance of sustainable water resource management.

''

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''
* By using green infrastructure techniques such as green roofs, rain gardens, tree planting, and permeable pavement, they are managing storm water problems at a lower cost and realizing a wide range of other benefits from reduced air pollution, energy use, and urban heat island effect to improved wildlife habitat and aesthetics.

* Local water management and storm water control benefits.

* Green infrastructure in this site is a powerful tool for managing existing problems and preparing for the future and also readiness for supervenient events.

* Improving quality of life.

* raising awareness on the importance of integrating green infrastructure into its urban landscape, also this case study can be used as a sample for developing Green infrastructure methods in Iran.

''

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Sect.jpg|Projective section
Image:Pavement 1.jpg|Using Permeable pavement
Image:Img 03.jpg|projective drawing
Image:Pavement2.jpg|projective drawing
Image:Green Roof.jpg|Using Green Roofs instead of sloping natural Roofs
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''The aim of GI practices in this site in Iran is due to delivering multiple ecological, economic and social benefits or services. In addition, to reducing polluted storm water runoff, GI practices can also positively impact energy consumption, air quality, carbon reduction and sequestration, property prices, recreation and other elements of community health and vitality that have monetary or other social value. Moreover, green infrastructure practices in this site can be defined as managing storm waters effectively. For instance almost all pavements and streams should be redesigned in GI method and water harvesting would be used in this site as the redirection and productive use of rainwater by capturing and storing it onsite for irrigation, toilet flushing and other potential uses. ''

== Image Gallery ==
''Please add further images/photos here''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:IMG 1993.JPG|Winter 2014, unexpected snow, Daryagooshe street, the north view
Image:IMG 1996.JPG|Winter 2014, unexpected snow, Daryagooshe street, the south view
Image:IMG 1992.JPG|Winter 2014, unexpected snow, Motelghoo beach
Image:IMG 6087.PNG|Motelghoo main road, a rainy day
Image:IMG 5954.JPG|Motelghoo plaza
Image:IMG 6088.PNG|Heavy traffic in holidays, Motelghoo main road
Image:IMG 6081.PNG|Daryagooshe street
Image:IMG 6082.PNG|Daryagooshe street
</gallery>

== References ==

''
*http://www.mazandaran.rmto.ir/

*http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salman_Shahr_District

*http://www.americanrivers.org/newsroom/resources/the-value-of-green-infrastructure/

*http://biodiversity-l.iisd.org/news/urbes-highlights-benefits-of-green-infrastructure-in-urban-areas/

*http://www.worldweatheronline.com/Salman-Shahr-weather-averages/Mazandaran/IR.aspx

*http://www.watershedconnect.com/documents/the_value_of_green_infrastructure_a_guide_to_recognizing_its_economic_environmental_and_social_benefits

''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group K - Case Study 1

2014-12-01T20:13:18Z

Kianik: /* References */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_K|working group K]]

'''''Salman Shahr( Motelghoo), Mazandaran, Iran'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Salman Shahr(Motelghoo)''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Iran''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Salman Shahr(Motelghoo)''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Kimia Kiani''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:IMG 6084.PNG|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=300
|lat=36.709167
|lng=51.19916699999999
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

''Salman Shahr(Motelghoo) is a small city where is located in the north of Iran, between Alborz mountains and Caspian sea. It is a beautiful city with a fabulous scene from mountains to sea although uploaded pictures illustrate only the problems in urban structures in the city.Also the city is chosen by local and foreign tourists as a destination for travelling. Because of its geographical location, the city has a humid and wet weather. So,I have chosen this area as my case study due to its potential for becoming an element for green infrastructure method.As the picture indicates, the city and its urban structure has not been designed for rain storms or heavy snow.For instance, pathways, roads and pavements should be redesigned in the green infrastructure method.''

== Author's perspective ==
''I studied Master of Architecture and Bachelor of Architecture engineering in Iran. I have several years work experiences in designing and researching. Currently I am working in a research office voluntarily. I have done some projects about energy saving in architecture and I am going to continue my studying in a field of sustainability development, specially in design and planning.
I have known Motelghoo since childhood. I and my family have been vacationing in this city most of the time.

New constructions in this city have been bringing considerable population for travelling and living to this but the structure of city, roads and pavements has remained unchanging. ''

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==
*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''

'''Introduction:'''
MAZANDARAN is a Caspian province in the north of Iran, located on the southern coast of the Caspian sea, it is bordered clockwise by the provinces of Golestan to the east, Semnan to the south east, Tehran to the south, Qazvin south west and Gilan by the west.
Mazandaran is one of the most densely populated provinces in Iran and has diverse natural resources, especially large reservoirs of oil and natural gas.
The province covers an area of 23756 Km, equal to 1.46 percent of the country and has a population of 3,000,000 equal to 4 percent of the population of the country. The province also consists of 52 cities, 3600 villages and 45 sections.
There are 18 counties in the province including Sari, Behshahr, Babol, Amol, Qaemshahr, Ramsar, Tonekabon, Chaloos, Noshahr, Noor, Mahmoodabad, Savadkooh, Babolsar, Jooybar, Neka, Behshahr, Galoogah, Fereidoonkenar and Abbas Abad

The province's five largest counties are Sari, Behshahr, Babol, Amol and Qaemshahr. Founded as province in 1937, Mazandaran was declared the second modern province after neighboring Gilan.
The diverse nature of the province features plains, prairies, forests and jungles stretching from the sandy beaches of the Caspian Sea to the rugged and snowcapped Elburz sierra, including Mount Damavand, the highest peak and volcano in the Middle East and Western Asia, which at the narrowest point (Nowshahr County) narrows to 5 miles.
Mazandaran is a major producer of farmed fish and aquaculture provides an important economic addition to traditional dominance of agriculture. Another important contributor to the economy is the tourism industry, as people from all of Iran enjoy visiting the area. Mazandaran is also a fast-growing centre for biotechnology and civil engineering.
Human habitation in the area dates back at least 75,000 years. Recent excavations in Goher Tippe provide proof that the area has been urbanized for more than 5,000 years, and the area is considered one of the most important historical sites of Iran. It has played an important role in cultural and urban development of the region.
Indigenous peoples of the region include the ethnic Mazanderanis speaking an Iranian language which most resembles Gilaki and Sangiseri
Mazandaran province central coordination locates in 36.5656°N 53.0588°E.
The population of the province has been steadily growing during the last 50 years. The population is of Caucasian Iranian stock with a minority of non-native neighboring Turkic tribes (esp. the Turkomen), a sizable Armenian minority and Russian immigrants, mainly from former Soviet republics of Georgia (country), Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan.
The Mazandaran Sea provides a beautiful coastline in north of Sari; northeast of the city is Neka. Qa'emshahr (Formerly known as Shahi) is to its southwest, Juybar is to its northwest, and Kiyasar, Damghan, and Semnan are in the south part of Sari.
Sari is the provincial capital of Mazandaran, located in the north of Iran, between the northern slopes of the Alborz Mountains and southern coast of Caspian (Mazandaran) Sea. Its population is estimated to be 261,293, as of 2006. It has a land area of 5,089 square kilometers. Sari is one of the entertainment and sports centers of Iran.

'''Geography and Climate:'''
Mazandaran province is geographically divided into two parts: the coastal plains, and the mountainous areas. The Alborz Mountain Range surrounds the coastal strip and plains of the Caspian Sea like a huge barrier.
There is often snowfall during most of the seasons in the Alborz regions, which run parallel to the Caspian Sea's southern coast, dividing the province into many isolated valleys. The province enjoys a moderate, subtropical climate with an average temperature of 25 °C in summer and about 8 °C in winter. Although snow may fall heavily in the mountains in winter, it rarely falls around sea lines.
There is often snowfall during most of the seasons in the Alborz regions, which run parallel to the Caspian Sea's southern coast, dividing the province into many isolated valleys. The province enjoys a moderate, subtropical climate with an average temperature of 25 °C in summer and about 8 °C in winter. Although snow may fall heavily in the mountains in winter, it rarely falls around sea lines.

'''About Salman Shahr (Motelghoo):'''
Salman Shahr (formerly, Motel Qū (Persian: متل قو/ سلمان شهر) and Saqikelayeh (Persian: ساقيكِلايِه) is a city in and capital of Salman Shahr, Abbasabad District, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 9,592, in 2,605 families. Salman Shahr is located 30 kilometres (19 mi) east of Tonekabon en route to the city of Chaloos.
Salman Shar is the new name for this city after the Islamic revolution. In the past, the city was called Saghi Kelaye and was also named after its famous hotel Motel Ghoo or Motel Qu (Swan Motel). Salman Shar city is a new settlement that was established in 1961 which was incorporated as a municipality in 1962.
In the late 2000s the major development and construction projects called "Ghoo" or "Diamond of the Middle East" were kicked off. The core of this project is built in the same place as where motel Ghoo was located.

''

'''History
Pre Islamic History:'''
The region is known to have been populated from early antiquity, and Mazandaran has changed hands among various dynasties from early in its history. There are several fortresses remaining from Parthian and Sassanid times, and many older cemeteries scattered throughout the province. During this era, Mazandaran was part of Hyrcania Province which was one of important provinces.
With the advent of the Sassanid dynasty, the King of Mazandaran (Tabaristan andPadashkhwargar) was Gushnasp, whose ancestors had reigned in the area (under the Parthian empire) since the time of Alexandar. In 529-536 Mazandarn was ruled by Sassanid prince Kawus son of Kawadh. Anushirawan, the Sassanid king, put in his place Zarmihr, who claimed his ancestry from the legendary blacksmith Kaveh. This dynasty ruled till 645 A.D., when Gil Gilanshah (a descendant of the Sassanid king Jamasp and a son of Piruz) joined Mazandaran to Gilan. These families had descendants who ruled during the Islamic period.

'''Mazandaran Today,
General:'''
The culture of Mazandaran is closely related to that of neighboring Gilan (or Guilan) and similarities between the two are abundant. The cuisine of the province is very rich in seafood due to its location by the Caspian Sea, and rice is present in virtually every meal. Indeed, the rest of Iran was introduced to rice through Gilan and Mazandaran. Before the 1800s, Persians, Kurds, and other Iranian ethnic groups used bread rather than rice as an accompaniment to their meals, though bread remains a prominent staple among them. While bread remains very popular among those groups, in Gilan and Mazandaran, rice remains the choice staple of the indigenous inhabitants.
Mazanderani or Tabarian is a Northwestern Iranian language. Various Mazandarani's dialects exist which are spoken in Mazandaran province and the neighbour province Golestan such as Mazanderani, and Gorgani. Also, Qadikolahi (Ghadikolahi) and Palani may be dialects. Mazandarani mostly resemble Gilaki. Today, Mazandaranis also use Persian (Western Persian). The educated can communicate and read Persian well.
A dialect of Azeri is spoken in the town of Galoogah
In Persian epic, Shahnameh, Mazandaran is mentioned in two different sections. First time implicitly, when Fereydun sets its capital in a city called Tamishe near Amol:
Under the title, and when Manuchehr is returning to Fereydun's capital, Tamisheh in Mazandaran (known as Tabarestan), after victory over Salm and Tur:
In the second section, a region called Mazandaran is mentioned at Kai Kavoos era frequently, it is an area which is mostly inhabited by Div (demons). The legendary Iranian Shah Kaykavoos as well as the Iranian hero Rostam each take turn to go to Mazandaran in order to battle the demons.
A famous verse from Shahnameh is when Zal tells Kai Kavoos:
"I heard troubling news that the king is planning to go to Mazandaran"
However, this Mazandaran is not considered identical to the modern province of Mazandaran, and is instead a land to the west of Iran. The current province was simply considered a part of Tabaristan; the name Mazandaran is a later development, perhaps based upon local terminology.

'''Economy:'''
Having sea, jungle and tourism all together has made the province one of the 5 wealthiest in Iran in terms of GDP and net worth. The recent explored oil resources will make the status even better by attracting new investment in the field. Rice, grain, fruits, cotton, tea, tobacco, sugarcane, and silk are produced in the lowland strip along the Caspian shore. Oil wealth has stimulated industries in food processing, cement, textiles, cotton, and fishing (caviar).
Suitable environmental conditions, pleasant and moderate climate, beautiful natural landscapes, and proximity to Tehran, have led the province to be one of the main recreational and tourism areas of Iran.
Iran's Cultural Heritage Organization lists close to 630 sites of historical and cultural significance, hence a wealth of tourist attractions. ''

*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Location; Mazandaran, Iran.jpg|Location; Mazandaran, Iran
Image:Salman Shahr ( Motelghoo); Bird view.jpg|Salman Shahr ( Motelghoo); Bird view
Image:Temprature and Climate Graphs.jpg|Temprature and Climate Graphs
Image:Average Temprature and Rainfall.jpg|Average Temprature and Rainfall
Image:Daryagooshe; Main street.jpg|Daryagooshe; Main street
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Case study 1- Motelghoo, a city where is located in the north of Iran.jpeg|Pavements and streets instructions has not been designed for storm waters, so it has caused a lot of problem as can be seen.
Image:Daryagooshe pavements; Potential for Green infrastructure designing .jpg|Daryagooshe pavements; Potential for Green infrastructure designing
Image:Daryagooshe green space; Potential for Green infrastructure designing.jpg|Daryagooshe green space; Potential for Green infrastructure designing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''
'''Using Permeable pavements,'''

'''Benefits for this site:'''

'''Reduces Storm water Runoff:'''

• Permeable pavement reduces surface runoff volumes and rates by allowing storm water to infiltrate underlying soils.

• By reducing runoff volumes and rates, permeable pavement can lower water treatment costs and reduce flooding and erosion.

'''Increases Groundwater Recharge:'''

• By allowing rainfall to infiltrate, permeable pavement can help increase groundwater recharge.

'''Reduces Energy Use:'''

• The use of permeable pavements also has the potential to reduce energy use by lowering surrounding air temperatures, which in turn reduces demand on cooling systems within buildings.

'''Improves Air Quality:'''

• Because permeable pavement captures rainfall onsite, communities can reduce the amount of water treatment needed, in turn reducing air pollution from power plants.

• By reducing the urban heat island effect, permeable pavement decreases ground level ozone formation, which directly impacts air quality.

'''Reduces Urban Heat Island:'''

• Permeable pavement absorbs less heat than conventional pavement, which helps to reduce the surrounding air temperature and decrease the amount of energy needed for cooling.

'''Using Green Roofs,'''

'''Benefits for this site:'''

'''Reduces Storm water Runoff:'''

• Green roofs can store significant amounts of water in their growing media. This water is eventually evaporated from the soil or transpired by the plants on the roof, thus reducing the runoff entering sewer systems and waterways, which can help alleviate the risk of combined sewer overflows (CSO).

'''Reduces Energy Use:'''

• Additional insulation provided by the growing media of a green roof can reduce a building’s energy consumption by providing superior insulation compared to conventional roofing materials.

• Evaporative cooling from water retained in the growing media reduces roof surface temperatures during hot days.

'''Reduces Urban Heat Island:'''

• The local evaporative cooling provided by green roofs can reduce elevated temperatures present in urban areas as a result of heat-absorbing surfaces such as streets and conventional roofs.

'''Improves Community Livability:'''

• Green roofs improve the local aesthetics of a community.

• Green roofs can increase recreational opportunities by providing outdoor areas for people to use and enjoy. They also have the potential to foster improved community interactions that help build social capital.

• Green roofs may also provide opportunities for urban agriculture.

'''Cultivates Public Education Opportunities:'''

• Green roofs and permeable pavements increase community interest in green infrastructure through their aesthetic appeal, which provides a great opportunity for public education.

• The installation of permeable pavement and green roofs can provide an opportunity to further educate the public about the benefits of green infrastructure in Iran. Using Green infrastructure method in this site provides an opportunity to develop community awareness and understanding around the importance of sustainable water resource management.

''

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''
* By using green infrastructure techniques such as green roofs, rain gardens, tree planting, and permeable pavement, they are managing storm water problems at a lower cost and realizing a wide range of other benefits from reduced air pollution, energy use, and urban heat island effect to improved wildlife habitat and aesthetics.

* Local water management and storm water control benefits.

* Green infrastructure in this site is a powerful tool for managing existing problems and preparing for the future and also readiness for supervenient events.

* Improving quality of life.

* raising awareness on the importance of integrating green infrastructure into its urban landscape, also this case study can be used as a sample for developing Green infrastructure methods in Iran.

''

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Sect.jpg|Projective section
Image:Pavement 1.jpg|Using Permeable pavement
Image:Img 03.jpg|projective drawing
Image:Pavement2.jpg|projective drawing
Image:Green Roof.jpg|Using Green Roofs instead of sloping natural Roofs
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''100 words approx.''

== Image Gallery ==
''Please add further images/photos here''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:IMG 1993.JPG|Winter 2014, unexpected snow, Daryagooshe street, the north view
Image:IMG 1996.JPG|Winter 2014, unexpected snow, Daryagooshe street, the south view
Image:IMG 1992.JPG|Winter 2014, unexpected snow, Motelghoo beach
Image:IMG 6087.PNG|Motelghoo main road, a rainy day
Image:IMG 5954.JPG|Motelghoo plaza
Image:IMG 6088.PNG|Heavy traffic in holidays, Motelghoo main road
Image:IMG 6081.PNG|Daryagooshe street
Image:IMG 6082.PNG|Daryagooshe street
</gallery>

== References ==

''
*http://www.mazandaran.rmto.ir/

*http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salman_Shahr_District

*http://www.americanrivers.org/newsroom/resources/the-value-of-green-infrastructure/

*http://biodiversity-l.iisd.org/news/urbes-highlights-benefits-of-green-infrastructure-in-urban-areas/

*http://www.worldweatheronline.com/Salman-Shahr-weather-averages/Mazandaran/IR.aspx

*http://www.watershedconnect.com/documents/the_value_of_green_infrastructure_a_guide_to_recognizing_its_economic_environmental_and_social_benefits

''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group K - Case Study 1

2014-12-01T20:12:51Z

Kianik: /* Landscape and/or urban context of your case */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_K|working group K]]

'''''Salman Shahr( Motelghoo), Mazandaran, Iran'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Salman Shahr(Motelghoo)''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Iran''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Salman Shahr(Motelghoo)''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Kimia Kiani''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:IMG 6084.PNG|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=300
|lat=36.709167
|lng=51.19916699999999
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

''Salman Shahr(Motelghoo) is a small city where is located in the north of Iran, between Alborz mountains and Caspian sea. It is a beautiful city with a fabulous scene from mountains to sea although uploaded pictures illustrate only the problems in urban structures in the city.Also the city is chosen by local and foreign tourists as a destination for travelling. Because of its geographical location, the city has a humid and wet weather. So,I have chosen this area as my case study due to its potential for becoming an element for green infrastructure method.As the picture indicates, the city and its urban structure has not been designed for rain storms or heavy snow.For instance, pathways, roads and pavements should be redesigned in the green infrastructure method.''

== Author's perspective ==
''I studied Master of Architecture and Bachelor of Architecture engineering in Iran. I have several years work experiences in designing and researching. Currently I am working in a research office voluntarily. I have done some projects about energy saving in architecture and I am going to continue my studying in a field of sustainability development, specially in design and planning.
I have known Motelghoo since childhood. I and my family have been vacationing in this city most of the time.

New constructions in this city have been bringing considerable population for travelling and living to this but the structure of city, roads and pavements has remained unchanging. ''

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==
*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''

'''Introduction:'''
MAZANDARAN is a Caspian province in the north of Iran, located on the southern coast of the Caspian sea, it is bordered clockwise by the provinces of Golestan to the east, Semnan to the south east, Tehran to the south, Qazvin south west and Gilan by the west.
Mazandaran is one of the most densely populated provinces in Iran and has diverse natural resources, especially large reservoirs of oil and natural gas.
The province covers an area of 23756 Km, equal to 1.46 percent of the country and has a population of 3,000,000 equal to 4 percent of the population of the country. The province also consists of 52 cities, 3600 villages and 45 sections.
There are 18 counties in the province including Sari, Behshahr, Babol, Amol, Qaemshahr, Ramsar, Tonekabon, Chaloos, Noshahr, Noor, Mahmoodabad, Savadkooh, Babolsar, Jooybar, Neka, Behshahr, Galoogah, Fereidoonkenar and Abbas Abad

The province's five largest counties are Sari, Behshahr, Babol, Amol and Qaemshahr. Founded as province in 1937, Mazandaran was declared the second modern province after neighboring Gilan.
The diverse nature of the province features plains, prairies, forests and jungles stretching from the sandy beaches of the Caspian Sea to the rugged and snowcapped Elburz sierra, including Mount Damavand, the highest peak and volcano in the Middle East and Western Asia, which at the narrowest point (Nowshahr County) narrows to 5 miles.
Mazandaran is a major producer of farmed fish and aquaculture provides an important economic addition to traditional dominance of agriculture. Another important contributor to the economy is the tourism industry, as people from all of Iran enjoy visiting the area. Mazandaran is also a fast-growing centre for biotechnology and civil engineering.
Human habitation in the area dates back at least 75,000 years. Recent excavations in Goher Tippe provide proof that the area has been urbanized for more than 5,000 years, and the area is considered one of the most important historical sites of Iran. It has played an important role in cultural and urban development of the region.
Indigenous peoples of the region include the ethnic Mazanderanis speaking an Iranian language which most resembles Gilaki and Sangiseri
Mazandaran province central coordination locates in 36.5656°N 53.0588°E.
The population of the province has been steadily growing during the last 50 years. The population is of Caucasian Iranian stock with a minority of non-native neighboring Turkic tribes (esp. the Turkomen), a sizable Armenian minority and Russian immigrants, mainly from former Soviet republics of Georgia (country), Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan.
The Mazandaran Sea provides a beautiful coastline in north of Sari; northeast of the city is Neka. Qa'emshahr (Formerly known as Shahi) is to its southwest, Juybar is to its northwest, and Kiyasar, Damghan, and Semnan are in the south part of Sari.
Sari is the provincial capital of Mazandaran, located in the north of Iran, between the northern slopes of the Alborz Mountains and southern coast of Caspian (Mazandaran) Sea. Its population is estimated to be 261,293, as of 2006. It has a land area of 5,089 square kilometers. Sari is one of the entertainment and sports centers of Iran.

'''Geography and Climate:'''
Mazandaran province is geographically divided into two parts: the coastal plains, and the mountainous areas. The Alborz Mountain Range surrounds the coastal strip and plains of the Caspian Sea like a huge barrier.
There is often snowfall during most of the seasons in the Alborz regions, which run parallel to the Caspian Sea's southern coast, dividing the province into many isolated valleys. The province enjoys a moderate, subtropical climate with an average temperature of 25 °C in summer and about 8 °C in winter. Although snow may fall heavily in the mountains in winter, it rarely falls around sea lines.
There is often snowfall during most of the seasons in the Alborz regions, which run parallel to the Caspian Sea's southern coast, dividing the province into many isolated valleys. The province enjoys a moderate, subtropical climate with an average temperature of 25 °C in summer and about 8 °C in winter. Although snow may fall heavily in the mountains in winter, it rarely falls around sea lines.

'''About Salman Shahr (Motelghoo):'''
Salman Shahr (formerly, Motel Qū (Persian: متل قو/ سلمان شهر) and Saqikelayeh (Persian: ساقيكِلايِه) is a city in and capital of Salman Shahr, Abbasabad District, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 9,592, in 2,605 families. Salman Shahr is located 30 kilometres (19 mi) east of Tonekabon en route to the city of Chaloos.
Salman Shar is the new name for this city after the Islamic revolution. In the past, the city was called Saghi Kelaye and was also named after its famous hotel Motel Ghoo or Motel Qu (Swan Motel). Salman Shar city is a new settlement that was established in 1961 which was incorporated as a municipality in 1962.
In the late 2000s the major development and construction projects called "Ghoo" or "Diamond of the Middle East" were kicked off. The core of this project is built in the same place as where motel Ghoo was located.

''

'''History
Pre Islamic History:'''
The region is known to have been populated from early antiquity, and Mazandaran has changed hands among various dynasties from early in its history. There are several fortresses remaining from Parthian and Sassanid times, and many older cemeteries scattered throughout the province. During this era, Mazandaran was part of Hyrcania Province which was one of important provinces.
With the advent of the Sassanid dynasty, the King of Mazandaran (Tabaristan andPadashkhwargar) was Gushnasp, whose ancestors had reigned in the area (under the Parthian empire) since the time of Alexandar. In 529-536 Mazandarn was ruled by Sassanid prince Kawus son of Kawadh. Anushirawan, the Sassanid king, put in his place Zarmihr, who claimed his ancestry from the legendary blacksmith Kaveh. This dynasty ruled till 645 A.D., when Gil Gilanshah (a descendant of the Sassanid king Jamasp and a son of Piruz) joined Mazandaran to Gilan. These families had descendants who ruled during the Islamic period.

'''Mazandaran Today,
General:'''
The culture of Mazandaran is closely related to that of neighboring Gilan (or Guilan) and similarities between the two are abundant. The cuisine of the province is very rich in seafood due to its location by the Caspian Sea, and rice is present in virtually every meal. Indeed, the rest of Iran was introduced to rice through Gilan and Mazandaran. Before the 1800s, Persians, Kurds, and other Iranian ethnic groups used bread rather than rice as an accompaniment to their meals, though bread remains a prominent staple among them. While bread remains very popular among those groups, in Gilan and Mazandaran, rice remains the choice staple of the indigenous inhabitants.
Mazanderani or Tabarian is a Northwestern Iranian language. Various Mazandarani's dialects exist which are spoken in Mazandaran province and the neighbour province Golestan such as Mazanderani, and Gorgani. Also, Qadikolahi (Ghadikolahi) and Palani may be dialects. Mazandarani mostly resemble Gilaki. Today, Mazandaranis also use Persian (Western Persian). The educated can communicate and read Persian well.
A dialect of Azeri is spoken in the town of Galoogah
In Persian epic, Shahnameh, Mazandaran is mentioned in two different sections. First time implicitly, when Fereydun sets its capital in a city called Tamishe near Amol:
Under the title, and when Manuchehr is returning to Fereydun's capital, Tamisheh in Mazandaran (known as Tabarestan), after victory over Salm and Tur:
In the second section, a region called Mazandaran is mentioned at Kai Kavoos era frequently, it is an area which is mostly inhabited by Div (demons). The legendary Iranian Shah Kaykavoos as well as the Iranian hero Rostam each take turn to go to Mazandaran in order to battle the demons.
A famous verse from Shahnameh is when Zal tells Kai Kavoos:
"I heard troubling news that the king is planning to go to Mazandaran"
However, this Mazandaran is not considered identical to the modern province of Mazandaran, and is instead a land to the west of Iran. The current province was simply considered a part of Tabaristan; the name Mazandaran is a later development, perhaps based upon local terminology.

'''Economy:'''
Having sea, jungle and tourism all together has made the province one of the 5 wealthiest in Iran in terms of GDP and net worth. The recent explored oil resources will make the status even better by attracting new investment in the field. Rice, grain, fruits, cotton, tea, tobacco, sugarcane, and silk are produced in the lowland strip along the Caspian shore. Oil wealth has stimulated industries in food processing, cement, textiles, cotton, and fishing (caviar).
Suitable environmental conditions, pleasant and moderate climate, beautiful natural landscapes, and proximity to Tehran, have led the province to be one of the main recreational and tourism areas of Iran.
Iran's Cultural Heritage Organization lists close to 630 sites of historical and cultural significance, hence a wealth of tourist attractions. ''

*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Location; Mazandaran, Iran.jpg|Location; Mazandaran, Iran
Image:Salman Shahr ( Motelghoo); Bird view.jpg|Salman Shahr ( Motelghoo); Bird view
Image:Temprature and Climate Graphs.jpg|Temprature and Climate Graphs
Image:Average Temprature and Rainfall.jpg|Average Temprature and Rainfall
Image:Daryagooshe; Main street.jpg|Daryagooshe; Main street
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Case study 1- Motelghoo, a city where is located in the north of Iran.jpeg|Pavements and streets instructions has not been designed for storm waters, so it has caused a lot of problem as can be seen.
Image:Daryagooshe pavements; Potential for Green infrastructure designing .jpg|Daryagooshe pavements; Potential for Green infrastructure designing
Image:Daryagooshe green space; Potential for Green infrastructure designing.jpg|Daryagooshe green space; Potential for Green infrastructure designing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''
'''Using Permeable pavements,'''

'''Benefits for this site:'''

'''Reduces Storm water Runoff:'''

• Permeable pavement reduces surface runoff volumes and rates by allowing storm water to infiltrate underlying soils.

• By reducing runoff volumes and rates, permeable pavement can lower water treatment costs and reduce flooding and erosion.

'''Increases Groundwater Recharge:'''

• By allowing rainfall to infiltrate, permeable pavement can help increase groundwater recharge.

'''Reduces Energy Use:'''

• The use of permeable pavements also has the potential to reduce energy use by lowering surrounding air temperatures, which in turn reduces demand on cooling systems within buildings.

'''Improves Air Quality:'''

• Because permeable pavement captures rainfall onsite, communities can reduce the amount of water treatment needed, in turn reducing air pollution from power plants.

• By reducing the urban heat island effect, permeable pavement decreases ground level ozone formation, which directly impacts air quality.

'''Reduces Urban Heat Island:'''

• Permeable pavement absorbs less heat than conventional pavement, which helps to reduce the surrounding air temperature and decrease the amount of energy needed for cooling.

'''Using Green Roofs,'''

'''Benefits for this site:'''

'''Reduces Storm water Runoff:'''

• Green roofs can store significant amounts of water in their growing media. This water is eventually evaporated from the soil or transpired by the plants on the roof, thus reducing the runoff entering sewer systems and waterways, which can help alleviate the risk of combined sewer overflows (CSO).

'''Reduces Energy Use:'''

• Additional insulation provided by the growing media of a green roof can reduce a building’s energy consumption by providing superior insulation compared to conventional roofing materials.

• Evaporative cooling from water retained in the growing media reduces roof surface temperatures during hot days.

'''Reduces Urban Heat Island:'''

• The local evaporative cooling provided by green roofs can reduce elevated temperatures present in urban areas as a result of heat-absorbing surfaces such as streets and conventional roofs.

'''Improves Community Livability:'''

• Green roofs improve the local aesthetics of a community.

• Green roofs can increase recreational opportunities by providing outdoor areas for people to use and enjoy. They also have the potential to foster improved community interactions that help build social capital.

• Green roofs may also provide opportunities for urban agriculture.

'''Cultivates Public Education Opportunities:'''

• Green roofs and permeable pavements increase community interest in green infrastructure through their aesthetic appeal, which provides a great opportunity for public education.

• The installation of permeable pavement and green roofs can provide an opportunity to further educate the public about the benefits of green infrastructure in Iran. Using Green infrastructure method in this site provides an opportunity to develop community awareness and understanding around the importance of sustainable water resource management.

''

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''
* By using green infrastructure techniques such as green roofs, rain gardens, tree planting, and permeable pavement, they are managing storm water problems at a lower cost and realizing a wide range of other benefits from reduced air pollution, energy use, and urban heat island effect to improved wildlife habitat and aesthetics.

* Local water management and storm water control benefits.

* Green infrastructure in this site is a powerful tool for managing existing problems and preparing for the future and also readiness for supervenient events.

* Improving quality of life.

* raising awareness on the importance of integrating green infrastructure into its urban landscape, also this case study can be used as a sample for developing Green infrastructure methods in Iran.

''

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Sect.jpg|Projective section
Image:Pavement 1.jpg|Using Permeable pavement
Image:Img 03.jpg|projective drawing
Image:Pavement2.jpg|projective drawing
Image:Green Roof.jpg|Using Green Roofs instead of sloping natural Roofs
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''100 words approx.''

== Image Gallery ==
''Please add further images/photos here''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:IMG 1993.JPG|Winter 2014, unexpected snow, Daryagooshe street, the north view
Image:IMG 1996.JPG|Winter 2014, unexpected snow, Daryagooshe street, the south view
Image:IMG 1992.JPG|Winter 2014, unexpected snow, Motelghoo beach
Image:IMG 6087.PNG|Motelghoo main road, a rainy day
Image:IMG 5954.JPG|Motelghoo plaza
Image:IMG 6088.PNG|Heavy traffic in holidays, Motelghoo main road
Image:IMG 6081.PNG|Daryagooshe street
Image:IMG 6082.PNG|Daryagooshe street
</gallery>

== References ==

''
*http://www.americanrivers.org/newsroom/resources/the-value-of-green-infrastructure/

*http://biodiversity-l.iisd.org/news/urbes-highlights-benefits-of-green-infrastructure-in-urban-areas/

*http://www.worldweatheronline.com/Salman-Shahr-weather-averages/Mazandaran/IR.aspx

*http://www.watershedconnect.com/documents/the_value_of_green_infrastructure_a_guide_to_recognizing_its_economic_environmental_and_social_benefits

''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group K - Case Study 1

2014-12-01T20:09:50Z

Kianik: /* Potential for multifunctionality */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_K|working group K]]

'''''Salman Shahr( Motelghoo), Mazandaran, Iran'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Salman Shahr(Motelghoo)''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Iran''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Salman Shahr(Motelghoo)''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Kimia Kiani''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:IMG 6084.PNG|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=300
|lat=36.709167
|lng=51.19916699999999
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

''Salman Shahr(Motelghoo) is a small city where is located in the north of Iran, between Alborz mountains and Caspian sea. It is a beautiful city with a fabulous scene from mountains to sea although uploaded pictures illustrate only the problems in urban structures in the city.Also the city is chosen by local and foreign tourists as a destination for travelling. Because of its geographical location, the city has a humid and wet weather. So,I have chosen this area as my case study due to its potential for becoming an element for green infrastructure method.As the picture indicates, the city and its urban structure has not been designed for rain storms or heavy snow.For instance, pathways, roads and pavements should be redesigned in the green infrastructure method.''

== Author's perspective ==
''I studied Master of Architecture and Bachelor of Architecture engineering in Iran. I have several years work experiences in designing and researching. Currently I am working in a research office voluntarily. I have done some projects about energy saving in architecture and I am going to continue my studying in a field of sustainability development, specially in design and planning.
I have known Motelghoo since childhood. I and my family have been vacationing in this city most of the time.

New constructions in this city have been bringing considerable population for travelling and living to this but the structure of city, roads and pavements has remained unchanging. ''

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==
*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''

'''Introduction:'''
MAZANDARAN is a Caspian province in the north of Iran, located on the southern coast of the Caspian sea, it is bordered clockwise by the provinces of Golestan to the east, Semnan to the south east, Tehran to the south, Qazvin south west and Gilan by the west.
Mazandaran is one of the most densely populated provinces in Iran and has diverse natural resources, especially large reservoirs of oil and natural gas.
The province covers an area of 23756 Km, equal to 1.46 percent of the country and has a population of 3,000,000 equal to 4 percent of the population of the country. The province also consists of 52 cities, 3600 villages and 45 sections.
There are 18 counties in the province including Sari, Behshahr, Babol, Amol, Qaemshahr, Ramsar, Tonekabon, Chaloos, Noshahr, Noor, Mahmoodabad, Savadkooh, Babolsar, Jooybar, Neka, Behshahr, Galoogah, Fereidoonkenar and Abbas Abad

The province's five largest counties are Sari, Behshahr, Babol, Amol and Qaemshahr. Founded as province in 1937, Mazandaran was declared the second modern province after neighboring Gilan.
The diverse nature of the province features plains, prairies, forests and jungles stretching from the sandy beaches of the Caspian Sea to the rugged and snowcapped Elburz sierra, including Mount Damavand, the highest peak and volcano in the Middle East and Western Asia, which at the narrowest point (Nowshahr County) narrows to 5 miles.
Mazandaran is a major producer of farmed fish and aquaculture provides an important economic addition to traditional dominance of agriculture. Another important contributor to the economy is the tourism industry, as people from all of Iran enjoy visiting the area. Mazandaran is also a fast-growing centre for biotechnology and civil engineering.
Human habitation in the area dates back at least 75,000 years. Recent excavations in Goher Tippe provide proof that the area has been urbanized for more than 5,000 years, and the area is considered one of the most important historical sites of Iran. It has played an important role in cultural and urban development of the region.
Indigenous peoples of the region include the ethnic Mazanderanis speaking an Iranian language which most resembles Gilaki and Sangiseri
Mazandaran province central coordination locates in 36.5656°N 53.0588°E.
The population of the province has been steadily growing during the last 50 years. The population is of Caucasian Iranian stock with a minority of non-native neighboring Turkic tribes (esp. the Turkomen), a sizable Armenian minority and Russian immigrants, mainly from former Soviet republics of Georgia (country), Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan.
The Mazandaran Sea provides a beautiful coastline in north of Sari; northeast of the city is Neka. Qa'emshahr (Formerly known as Shahi) is to its southwest, Juybar is to its northwest, and Kiyasar, Damghan, and Semnan are in the south part of Sari.
Sari is the provincial capital of Mazandaran, located in the north of Iran, between the northern slopes of the Alborz Mountains and southern coast of Caspian (Mazandaran) Sea. Its population is estimated to be 261,293, as of 2006. It has a land area of 5,089 square kilometers. Sari is one of the entertainment and sports centers of Iran.

'''Geography and Climate:'''
Mazandaran province is geographically divided into two parts: the coastal plains, and the mountainous areas. The Alborz Mountain Range surrounds the coastal strip and plains of the Caspian Sea like a huge barrier.
There is often snowfall during most of the seasons in the Alborz regions, which run parallel to the Caspian Sea's southern coast, dividing the province into many isolated valleys. The province enjoys a moderate, subtropical climate with an average temperature of 25 °C in summer and about 8 °C in winter. Although snow may fall heavily in the mountains in winter, it rarely falls around sea lines.
There is often snowfall during most of the seasons in the Alborz regions, which run parallel to the Caspian Sea's southern coast, dividing the province into many isolated valleys. The province enjoys a moderate, subtropical climate with an average temperature of 25 °C in summer and about 8 °C in winter. Although snow may fall heavily in the mountains in winter, it rarely falls around sea lines. (http://www.mazandaran.rmto.ir/)

'''About Salman Shahr (Motelghoo):'''
Salman Shahr (formerly, Motel Qū (Persian: متل قو/ سلمان شهر) and Saqikelayeh (Persian: ساقيكِلايِه) is a city in and capital of Salman Shahr, Abbasabad District, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 9,592, in 2,605 families. Salman Shahr is located 30 kilometres (19 mi) east of Tonekabon en route to the city of Chaloos.
Salman Shar is the new name for this city after the Islamic revolution. In the past, the city was called Saghi Kelaye and was also named after its famous hotel Motel Ghoo or Motel Qu (Swan Motel). Salman Shar city is a new settlement that was established in 1961 which was incorporated as a municipality in 1962.
In the late 2000s the major development and construction projects called "Ghoo" or "Diamond of the Middle East" were kicked off. The core of this project is built in the same place as where motel Ghoo was located.(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salman_Shahr_District)

''

'''History
Pre Islamic History:'''
The region is known to have been populated from early antiquity, and Mazandaran has changed hands among various dynasties from early in its history. There are several fortresses remaining from Parthian and Sassanid times, and many older cemeteries scattered throughout the province. During this era, Mazandaran was part of Hyrcania Province which was one of important provinces.
With the advent of the Sassanid dynasty, the King of Mazandaran (Tabaristan andPadashkhwargar) was Gushnasp, whose ancestors had reigned in the area (under the Parthian empire) since the time of Alexandar. In 529-536 Mazandarn was ruled by Sassanid prince Kawus son of Kawadh. Anushirawan, the Sassanid king, put in his place Zarmihr, who claimed his ancestry from the legendary blacksmith Kaveh. This dynasty ruled till 645 A.D., when Gil Gilanshah (a descendant of the Sassanid king Jamasp and a son of Piruz) joined Mazandaran to Gilan. These families had descendants who ruled during the Islamic period.

'''Mazandaran Today,
General:'''
The culture of Mazandaran is closely related to that of neighboring Gilan (or Guilan) and similarities between the two are abundant. The cuisine of the province is very rich in seafood due to its location by the Caspian Sea, and rice is present in virtually every meal. Indeed, the rest of Iran was introduced to rice through Gilan and Mazandaran. Before the 1800s, Persians, Kurds, and other Iranian ethnic groups used bread rather than rice as an accompaniment to their meals, though bread remains a prominent staple among them. While bread remains very popular among those groups, in Gilan and Mazandaran, rice remains the choice staple of the indigenous inhabitants.
Mazanderani or Tabarian is a Northwestern Iranian language. Various Mazandarani's dialects exist which are spoken in Mazandaran province and the neighbour province Golestan such as Mazanderani, and Gorgani. Also, Qadikolahi (Ghadikolahi) and Palani may be dialects. Mazandarani mostly resemble Gilaki. Today, Mazandaranis also use Persian (Western Persian). The educated can communicate and read Persian well.
A dialect of Azeri is spoken in the town of Galoogah
In Persian epic, Shahnameh, Mazandaran is mentioned in two different sections. First time implicitly, when Fereydun sets its capital in a city called Tamishe near Amol:
Under the title, and when Manuchehr is returning to Fereydun's capital, Tamisheh in Mazandaran (known as Tabarestan), after victory over Salm and Tur:
In the second section, a region called Mazandaran is mentioned at Kai Kavoos era frequently, it is an area which is mostly inhabited by Div (demons). The legendary Iranian Shah Kaykavoos as well as the Iranian hero Rostam each take turn to go to Mazandaran in order to battle the demons.
A famous verse from Shahnameh is when Zal tells Kai Kavoos:
"I heard troubling news that the king is planning to go to Mazandaran"
However, this Mazandaran is not considered identical to the modern province of Mazandaran, and is instead a land to the west of Iran. The current province was simply considered a part of Tabaristan; the name Mazandaran is a later development, perhaps based upon local terminology.

'''Economy:'''
Having sea, jungle and tourism all together has made the province one of the 5 wealthiest in Iran in terms of GDP and net worth. The recent explored oil resources will make the status even better by attracting new investment in the field. Rice, grain, fruits, cotton, tea, tobacco, sugarcane, and silk are produced in the lowland strip along the Caspian shore. Oil wealth has stimulated industries in food processing, cement, textiles, cotton, and fishing (caviar).
Suitable environmental conditions, pleasant and moderate climate, beautiful natural landscapes, and proximity to Tehran, have led the province to be one of the main recreational and tourism areas of Iran.
Iran's Cultural Heritage Organization lists close to 630 sites of historical and cultural significance, hence a wealth of tourist attractions. (http://www.mazandaran.rmto.ir/)''

*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Location; Mazandaran, Iran.jpg|Location; Mazandaran, Iran
Image:Salman Shahr ( Motelghoo); Bird view.jpg|Salman Shahr ( Motelghoo); Bird view
Image:Temprature and Climate Graphs.jpg|Temprature and Climate Graphs
Image:Average Temprature and Rainfall.jpg|Average Temprature and Rainfall
Image:Daryagooshe; Main street.jpg|Daryagooshe; Main street
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Case study 1- Motelghoo, a city where is located in the north of Iran.jpeg|Pavements and streets instructions has not been designed for storm waters, so it has caused a lot of problem as can be seen.
Image:Daryagooshe pavements; Potential for Green infrastructure designing .jpg|Daryagooshe pavements; Potential for Green infrastructure designing
Image:Daryagooshe green space; Potential for Green infrastructure designing.jpg|Daryagooshe green space; Potential for Green infrastructure designing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''
'''Using Permeable pavements,'''

'''Benefits for this site:'''

'''Reduces Storm water Runoff:'''

• Permeable pavement reduces surface runoff volumes and rates by allowing storm water to infiltrate underlying soils.

• By reducing runoff volumes and rates, permeable pavement can lower water treatment costs and reduce flooding and erosion.

'''Increases Groundwater Recharge:'''

• By allowing rainfall to infiltrate, permeable pavement can help increase groundwater recharge.

'''Reduces Energy Use:'''

• The use of permeable pavements also has the potential to reduce energy use by lowering surrounding air temperatures, which in turn reduces demand on cooling systems within buildings.

'''Improves Air Quality:'''

• Because permeable pavement captures rainfall onsite, communities can reduce the amount of water treatment needed, in turn reducing air pollution from power plants.

• By reducing the urban heat island effect, permeable pavement decreases ground level ozone formation, which directly impacts air quality.

'''Reduces Urban Heat Island:'''

• Permeable pavement absorbs less heat than conventional pavement, which helps to reduce the surrounding air temperature and decrease the amount of energy needed for cooling.

'''Using Green Roofs,'''

'''Benefits for this site:'''

'''Reduces Storm water Runoff:'''

• Green roofs can store significant amounts of water in their growing media. This water is eventually evaporated from the soil or transpired by the plants on the roof, thus reducing the runoff entering sewer systems and waterways, which can help alleviate the risk of combined sewer overflows (CSO).

'''Reduces Energy Use:'''

• Additional insulation provided by the growing media of a green roof can reduce a building’s energy consumption by providing superior insulation compared to conventional roofing materials.

• Evaporative cooling from water retained in the growing media reduces roof surface temperatures during hot days.

'''Reduces Urban Heat Island:'''

• The local evaporative cooling provided by green roofs can reduce elevated temperatures present in urban areas as a result of heat-absorbing surfaces such as streets and conventional roofs.

'''Improves Community Livability:'''

• Green roofs improve the local aesthetics of a community.

• Green roofs can increase recreational opportunities by providing outdoor areas for people to use and enjoy. They also have the potential to foster improved community interactions that help build social capital.

• Green roofs may also provide opportunities for urban agriculture.

'''Cultivates Public Education Opportunities:'''

• Green roofs and permeable pavements increase community interest in green infrastructure through their aesthetic appeal, which provides a great opportunity for public education.

• The installation of permeable pavement and green roofs can provide an opportunity to further educate the public about the benefits of green infrastructure in Iran. Using Green infrastructure method in this site provides an opportunity to develop community awareness and understanding around the importance of sustainable water resource management.

''

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''
* By using green infrastructure techniques such as green roofs, rain gardens, tree planting, and permeable pavement, they are managing storm water problems at a lower cost and realizing a wide range of other benefits from reduced air pollution, energy use, and urban heat island effect to improved wildlife habitat and aesthetics.

* Local water management and storm water control benefits.

* Green infrastructure in this site is a powerful tool for managing existing problems and preparing for the future and also readiness for supervenient events.

* Improving quality of life.

* raising awareness on the importance of integrating green infrastructure into its urban landscape, also this case study can be used as a sample for developing Green infrastructure methods in Iran.

''

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Sect.jpg|Projective section
Image:Pavement 1.jpg|Using Permeable pavement
Image:Img 03.jpg|projective drawing
Image:Pavement2.jpg|projective drawing
Image:Green Roof.jpg|Using Green Roofs instead of sloping natural Roofs
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''100 words approx.''

== Image Gallery ==
''Please add further images/photos here''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:IMG 1993.JPG|Winter 2014, unexpected snow, Daryagooshe street, the north view
Image:IMG 1996.JPG|Winter 2014, unexpected snow, Daryagooshe street, the south view
Image:IMG 1992.JPG|Winter 2014, unexpected snow, Motelghoo beach
Image:IMG 6087.PNG|Motelghoo main road, a rainy day
Image:IMG 5954.JPG|Motelghoo plaza
Image:IMG 6088.PNG|Heavy traffic in holidays, Motelghoo main road
Image:IMG 6081.PNG|Daryagooshe street
Image:IMG 6082.PNG|Daryagooshe street
</gallery>

== References ==

''
*http://www.americanrivers.org/newsroom/resources/the-value-of-green-infrastructure/

*http://biodiversity-l.iisd.org/news/urbes-highlights-benefits-of-green-infrastructure-in-urban-areas/

*http://www.worldweatheronline.com/Salman-Shahr-weather-averages/Mazandaran/IR.aspx

*http://www.watershedconnect.com/documents/the_value_of_green_infrastructure_a_guide_to_recognizing_its_economic_environmental_and_social_benefits

''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group K - Case Study 1

2014-12-01T20:09:05Z

Kianik: /* References */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_K|working group K]]

'''''Salman Shahr( Motelghoo), Mazandaran, Iran'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Salman Shahr(Motelghoo)''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Iran''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Salman Shahr(Motelghoo)''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Kimia Kiani''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:IMG 6084.PNG|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
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|lat=36.709167
|lng=51.19916699999999
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

''Salman Shahr(Motelghoo) is a small city where is located in the north of Iran, between Alborz mountains and Caspian sea. It is a beautiful city with a fabulous scene from mountains to sea although uploaded pictures illustrate only the problems in urban structures in the city.Also the city is chosen by local and foreign tourists as a destination for travelling. Because of its geographical location, the city has a humid and wet weather. So,I have chosen this area as my case study due to its potential for becoming an element for green infrastructure method.As the picture indicates, the city and its urban structure has not been designed for rain storms or heavy snow.For instance, pathways, roads and pavements should be redesigned in the green infrastructure method.''

== Author's perspective ==
''I studied Master of Architecture and Bachelor of Architecture engineering in Iran. I have several years work experiences in designing and researching. Currently I am working in a research office voluntarily. I have done some projects about energy saving in architecture and I am going to continue my studying in a field of sustainability development, specially in design and planning.
I have known Motelghoo since childhood. I and my family have been vacationing in this city most of the time.

New constructions in this city have been bringing considerable population for travelling and living to this but the structure of city, roads and pavements has remained unchanging. ''

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==
*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''

'''Introduction:'''
MAZANDARAN is a Caspian province in the north of Iran, located on the southern coast of the Caspian sea, it is bordered clockwise by the provinces of Golestan to the east, Semnan to the south east, Tehran to the south, Qazvin south west and Gilan by the west.
Mazandaran is one of the most densely populated provinces in Iran and has diverse natural resources, especially large reservoirs of oil and natural gas.
The province covers an area of 23756 Km, equal to 1.46 percent of the country and has a population of 3,000,000 equal to 4 percent of the population of the country. The province also consists of 52 cities, 3600 villages and 45 sections.
There are 18 counties in the province including Sari, Behshahr, Babol, Amol, Qaemshahr, Ramsar, Tonekabon, Chaloos, Noshahr, Noor, Mahmoodabad, Savadkooh, Babolsar, Jooybar, Neka, Behshahr, Galoogah, Fereidoonkenar and Abbas Abad

The province's five largest counties are Sari, Behshahr, Babol, Amol and Qaemshahr. Founded as province in 1937, Mazandaran was declared the second modern province after neighboring Gilan.
The diverse nature of the province features plains, prairies, forests and jungles stretching from the sandy beaches of the Caspian Sea to the rugged and snowcapped Elburz sierra, including Mount Damavand, the highest peak and volcano in the Middle East and Western Asia, which at the narrowest point (Nowshahr County) narrows to 5 miles.
Mazandaran is a major producer of farmed fish and aquaculture provides an important economic addition to traditional dominance of agriculture. Another important contributor to the economy is the tourism industry, as people from all of Iran enjoy visiting the area. Mazandaran is also a fast-growing centre for biotechnology and civil engineering.
Human habitation in the area dates back at least 75,000 years. Recent excavations in Goher Tippe provide proof that the area has been urbanized for more than 5,000 years, and the area is considered one of the most important historical sites of Iran. It has played an important role in cultural and urban development of the region.
Indigenous peoples of the region include the ethnic Mazanderanis speaking an Iranian language which most resembles Gilaki and Sangiseri
Mazandaran province central coordination locates in 36.5656°N 53.0588°E.
The population of the province has been steadily growing during the last 50 years. The population is of Caucasian Iranian stock with a minority of non-native neighboring Turkic tribes (esp. the Turkomen), a sizable Armenian minority and Russian immigrants, mainly from former Soviet republics of Georgia (country), Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan.
The Mazandaran Sea provides a beautiful coastline in north of Sari; northeast of the city is Neka. Qa'emshahr (Formerly known as Shahi) is to its southwest, Juybar is to its northwest, and Kiyasar, Damghan, and Semnan are in the south part of Sari.
Sari is the provincial capital of Mazandaran, located in the north of Iran, between the northern slopes of the Alborz Mountains and southern coast of Caspian (Mazandaran) Sea. Its population is estimated to be 261,293, as of 2006. It has a land area of 5,089 square kilometers. Sari is one of the entertainment and sports centers of Iran.

'''Geography and Climate:'''
Mazandaran province is geographically divided into two parts: the coastal plains, and the mountainous areas. The Alborz Mountain Range surrounds the coastal strip and plains of the Caspian Sea like a huge barrier.
There is often snowfall during most of the seasons in the Alborz regions, which run parallel to the Caspian Sea's southern coast, dividing the province into many isolated valleys. The province enjoys a moderate, subtropical climate with an average temperature of 25 °C in summer and about 8 °C in winter. Although snow may fall heavily in the mountains in winter, it rarely falls around sea lines.
There is often snowfall during most of the seasons in the Alborz regions, which run parallel to the Caspian Sea's southern coast, dividing the province into many isolated valleys. The province enjoys a moderate, subtropical climate with an average temperature of 25 °C in summer and about 8 °C in winter. Although snow may fall heavily in the mountains in winter, it rarely falls around sea lines. (http://www.mazandaran.rmto.ir/)

'''About Salman Shahr (Motelghoo):'''
Salman Shahr (formerly, Motel Qū (Persian: متل قو/ سلمان شهر) and Saqikelayeh (Persian: ساقيكِلايِه) is a city in and capital of Salman Shahr, Abbasabad District, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 9,592, in 2,605 families. Salman Shahr is located 30 kilometres (19 mi) east of Tonekabon en route to the city of Chaloos.
Salman Shar is the new name for this city after the Islamic revolution. In the past, the city was called Saghi Kelaye and was also named after its famous hotel Motel Ghoo or Motel Qu (Swan Motel). Salman Shar city is a new settlement that was established in 1961 which was incorporated as a municipality in 1962.
In the late 2000s the major development and construction projects called "Ghoo" or "Diamond of the Middle East" were kicked off. The core of this project is built in the same place as where motel Ghoo was located.(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salman_Shahr_District)

''

'''History
Pre Islamic History:'''
The region is known to have been populated from early antiquity, and Mazandaran has changed hands among various dynasties from early in its history. There are several fortresses remaining from Parthian and Sassanid times, and many older cemeteries scattered throughout the province. During this era, Mazandaran was part of Hyrcania Province which was one of important provinces.
With the advent of the Sassanid dynasty, the King of Mazandaran (Tabaristan andPadashkhwargar) was Gushnasp, whose ancestors had reigned in the area (under the Parthian empire) since the time of Alexandar. In 529-536 Mazandarn was ruled by Sassanid prince Kawus son of Kawadh. Anushirawan, the Sassanid king, put in his place Zarmihr, who claimed his ancestry from the legendary blacksmith Kaveh. This dynasty ruled till 645 A.D., when Gil Gilanshah (a descendant of the Sassanid king Jamasp and a son of Piruz) joined Mazandaran to Gilan. These families had descendants who ruled during the Islamic period.

'''Mazandaran Today,
General:'''
The culture of Mazandaran is closely related to that of neighboring Gilan (or Guilan) and similarities between the two are abundant. The cuisine of the province is very rich in seafood due to its location by the Caspian Sea, and rice is present in virtually every meal. Indeed, the rest of Iran was introduced to rice through Gilan and Mazandaran. Before the 1800s, Persians, Kurds, and other Iranian ethnic groups used bread rather than rice as an accompaniment to their meals, though bread remains a prominent staple among them. While bread remains very popular among those groups, in Gilan and Mazandaran, rice remains the choice staple of the indigenous inhabitants.
Mazanderani or Tabarian is a Northwestern Iranian language. Various Mazandarani's dialects exist which are spoken in Mazandaran province and the neighbour province Golestan such as Mazanderani, and Gorgani. Also, Qadikolahi (Ghadikolahi) and Palani may be dialects. Mazandarani mostly resemble Gilaki. Today, Mazandaranis also use Persian (Western Persian). The educated can communicate and read Persian well.
A dialect of Azeri is spoken in the town of Galoogah
In Persian epic, Shahnameh, Mazandaran is mentioned in two different sections. First time implicitly, when Fereydun sets its capital in a city called Tamishe near Amol:
Under the title, and when Manuchehr is returning to Fereydun's capital, Tamisheh in Mazandaran (known as Tabarestan), after victory over Salm and Tur:
In the second section, a region called Mazandaran is mentioned at Kai Kavoos era frequently, it is an area which is mostly inhabited by Div (demons). The legendary Iranian Shah Kaykavoos as well as the Iranian hero Rostam each take turn to go to Mazandaran in order to battle the demons.
A famous verse from Shahnameh is when Zal tells Kai Kavoos:
"I heard troubling news that the king is planning to go to Mazandaran"
However, this Mazandaran is not considered identical to the modern province of Mazandaran, and is instead a land to the west of Iran. The current province was simply considered a part of Tabaristan; the name Mazandaran is a later development, perhaps based upon local terminology.

'''Economy:'''
Having sea, jungle and tourism all together has made the province one of the 5 wealthiest in Iran in terms of GDP and net worth. The recent explored oil resources will make the status even better by attracting new investment in the field. Rice, grain, fruits, cotton, tea, tobacco, sugarcane, and silk are produced in the lowland strip along the Caspian shore. Oil wealth has stimulated industries in food processing, cement, textiles, cotton, and fishing (caviar).
Suitable environmental conditions, pleasant and moderate climate, beautiful natural landscapes, and proximity to Tehran, have led the province to be one of the main recreational and tourism areas of Iran.
Iran's Cultural Heritage Organization lists close to 630 sites of historical and cultural significance, hence a wealth of tourist attractions. (http://www.mazandaran.rmto.ir/)''

*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Location; Mazandaran, Iran.jpg|Location; Mazandaran, Iran
Image:Salman Shahr ( Motelghoo); Bird view.jpg|Salman Shahr ( Motelghoo); Bird view
Image:Temprature and Climate Graphs.jpg|Temprature and Climate Graphs
Image:Average Temprature and Rainfall.jpg|Average Temprature and Rainfall
Image:Daryagooshe; Main street.jpg|Daryagooshe; Main street
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Case study 1- Motelghoo, a city where is located in the north of Iran.jpeg|Pavements and streets instructions has not been designed for storm waters, so it has caused a lot of problem as can be seen.
Image:Daryagooshe pavements; Potential for Green infrastructure designing .jpg|Daryagooshe pavements; Potential for Green infrastructure designing
Image:Daryagooshe green space; Potential for Green infrastructure designing.jpg|Daryagooshe green space; Potential for Green infrastructure designing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''
'''Using Permeable pavements,'''

'''Benefits for this site:'''

'''Reduces Storm water Runoff:'''

• Permeable pavement reduces surface runoff volumes and rates by allowing storm water to infiltrate underlying soils.

• By reducing runoff volumes and rates, permeable pavement can lower water treatment costs and reduce flooding and erosion.

'''Increases Groundwater Recharge:'''

• By allowing rainfall to infiltrate, permeable pavement can help increase groundwater recharge.

'''Reduces Energy Use:'''

• The use of permeable pavements also has the potential to reduce energy use by lowering surrounding air temperatures, which in turn reduces demand on cooling systems within buildings.

'''Improves Air Quality:'''

• Because permeable pavement captures rainfall onsite, communities can reduce the amount of water treatment needed, in turn reducing air pollution from power plants.

• By reducing the urban heat island effect, permeable pavement decreases ground level ozone formation, which directly impacts air quality.

'''Reduces Urban Heat Island:'''

• Permeable pavement absorbs less heat than conventional pavement, which helps to reduce the surrounding air temperature and decrease the amount of energy needed for cooling.

'''Using Green Roofs,'''

'''Benefits for this site:'''

'''Reduces Storm water Runoff:'''

• Green roofs can store significant amounts of water in their growing media. This water is eventually evaporated from the soil or transpired by the plants on the roof, thus reducing the runoff entering sewer systems and waterways, which can help alleviate the risk of combined sewer overflows (CSO).

'''Reduces Energy Use:'''

• Additional insulation provided by the growing media of a green roof can reduce a building’s energy consumption by providing superior insulation compared to conventional roofing materials.

• Evaporative cooling from water retained in the growing media reduces roof surface temperatures during hot days.

'''Reduces Urban Heat Island:'''

• The local evaporative cooling provided by green roofs can reduce elevated temperatures present in urban areas as a result of heat-absorbing surfaces such as streets and conventional roofs.

'''Improves Community Livability:'''

• Green roofs improve the local aesthetics of a community.

• Green roofs can increase recreational opportunities by providing outdoor areas for people to use and enjoy. They also have the potential to foster improved community interactions that help build social capital.

• Green roofs may also provide opportunities for urban agriculture.

'''Cultivates Public Education Opportunities:'''

• Green roofs and permeable pavements increase community interest in green infrastructure through their aesthetic appeal, which provides a great opportunity for public education.

• The installation of permeable pavement and green roofs can provide an opportunity to further educate the public about the benefits of green infrastructure in Iran. Using Green infrastructure method in this site provides an opportunity to develop community awareness and understanding around the importance of sustainable water resource management.

''

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''
- By using green infrastructure techniques such as green roofs, rain gardens, tree planting, and permeable pavement, they are managing storm water problems at a lower cost and realizing a wide range of other benefits from reduced air pollution, energy use, and urban heat island effect to improved wildlife habitat and aesthetics.

- Local water management and storm water control benefits.

- Green infrastructure in this site is a powerful tool for managing existing problems and preparing for the future and also readiness for supervenient events.

- Improving quality of life.

- raising awareness on the importance of integrating green infrastructure into its urban landscape, also this case study can be used as a sample for developing Green infrastructure methods in Iran.

''

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Sect.jpg|Projective section
Image:Pavement 1.jpg|Using Permeable pavement
Image:Img 03.jpg|projective drawing
Image:Pavement2.jpg|projective drawing
Image:Green Roof.jpg|Using Green Roofs instead of sloping natural Roofs
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''100 words approx.''

== Image Gallery ==
''Please add further images/photos here''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:IMG 1993.JPG|Winter 2014, unexpected snow, Daryagooshe street, the north view
Image:IMG 1996.JPG|Winter 2014, unexpected snow, Daryagooshe street, the south view
Image:IMG 1992.JPG|Winter 2014, unexpected snow, Motelghoo beach
Image:IMG 6087.PNG|Motelghoo main road, a rainy day
Image:IMG 5954.JPG|Motelghoo plaza
Image:IMG 6088.PNG|Heavy traffic in holidays, Motelghoo main road
Image:IMG 6081.PNG|Daryagooshe street
Image:IMG 6082.PNG|Daryagooshe street
</gallery>

== References ==

''
*http://www.americanrivers.org/newsroom/resources/the-value-of-green-infrastructure/

*http://biodiversity-l.iisd.org/news/urbes-highlights-benefits-of-green-infrastructure-in-urban-areas/

*http://www.worldweatheronline.com/Salman-Shahr-weather-averages/Mazandaran/IR.aspx

*http://www.watershedconnect.com/documents/the_value_of_green_infrastructure_a_guide_to_recognizing_its_economic_environmental_and_social_benefits

''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group K - Case Study 1

2014-12-01T20:07:48Z

Kianik: /* References */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_K|working group K]]

'''''Salman Shahr( Motelghoo), Mazandaran, Iran'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Salman Shahr(Motelghoo)''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Iran''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Salman Shahr(Motelghoo)''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Kimia Kiani''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:IMG 6084.PNG|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=300
|lat=36.709167
|lng=51.19916699999999
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

''Salman Shahr(Motelghoo) is a small city where is located in the north of Iran, between Alborz mountains and Caspian sea. It is a beautiful city with a fabulous scene from mountains to sea although uploaded pictures illustrate only the problems in urban structures in the city.Also the city is chosen by local and foreign tourists as a destination for travelling. Because of its geographical location, the city has a humid and wet weather. So,I have chosen this area as my case study due to its potential for becoming an element for green infrastructure method.As the picture indicates, the city and its urban structure has not been designed for rain storms or heavy snow.For instance, pathways, roads and pavements should be redesigned in the green infrastructure method.''

== Author's perspective ==
''I studied Master of Architecture and Bachelor of Architecture engineering in Iran. I have several years work experiences in designing and researching. Currently I am working in a research office voluntarily. I have done some projects about energy saving in architecture and I am going to continue my studying in a field of sustainability development, specially in design and planning.
I have known Motelghoo since childhood. I and my family have been vacationing in this city most of the time.

New constructions in this city have been bringing considerable population for travelling and living to this but the structure of city, roads and pavements has remained unchanging. ''

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==
*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''

'''Introduction:'''
MAZANDARAN is a Caspian province in the north of Iran, located on the southern coast of the Caspian sea, it is bordered clockwise by the provinces of Golestan to the east, Semnan to the south east, Tehran to the south, Qazvin south west and Gilan by the west.
Mazandaran is one of the most densely populated provinces in Iran and has diverse natural resources, especially large reservoirs of oil and natural gas.
The province covers an area of 23756 Km, equal to 1.46 percent of the country and has a population of 3,000,000 equal to 4 percent of the population of the country. The province also consists of 52 cities, 3600 villages and 45 sections.
There are 18 counties in the province including Sari, Behshahr, Babol, Amol, Qaemshahr, Ramsar, Tonekabon, Chaloos, Noshahr, Noor, Mahmoodabad, Savadkooh, Babolsar, Jooybar, Neka, Behshahr, Galoogah, Fereidoonkenar and Abbas Abad

The province's five largest counties are Sari, Behshahr, Babol, Amol and Qaemshahr. Founded as province in 1937, Mazandaran was declared the second modern province after neighboring Gilan.
The diverse nature of the province features plains, prairies, forests and jungles stretching from the sandy beaches of the Caspian Sea to the rugged and snowcapped Elburz sierra, including Mount Damavand, the highest peak and volcano in the Middle East and Western Asia, which at the narrowest point (Nowshahr County) narrows to 5 miles.
Mazandaran is a major producer of farmed fish and aquaculture provides an important economic addition to traditional dominance of agriculture. Another important contributor to the economy is the tourism industry, as people from all of Iran enjoy visiting the area. Mazandaran is also a fast-growing centre for biotechnology and civil engineering.
Human habitation in the area dates back at least 75,000 years. Recent excavations in Goher Tippe provide proof that the area has been urbanized for more than 5,000 years, and the area is considered one of the most important historical sites of Iran. It has played an important role in cultural and urban development of the region.
Indigenous peoples of the region include the ethnic Mazanderanis speaking an Iranian language which most resembles Gilaki and Sangiseri
Mazandaran province central coordination locates in 36.5656°N 53.0588°E.
The population of the province has been steadily growing during the last 50 years. The population is of Caucasian Iranian stock with a minority of non-native neighboring Turkic tribes (esp. the Turkomen), a sizable Armenian minority and Russian immigrants, mainly from former Soviet republics of Georgia (country), Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan.
The Mazandaran Sea provides a beautiful coastline in north of Sari; northeast of the city is Neka. Qa'emshahr (Formerly known as Shahi) is to its southwest, Juybar is to its northwest, and Kiyasar, Damghan, and Semnan are in the south part of Sari.
Sari is the provincial capital of Mazandaran, located in the north of Iran, between the northern slopes of the Alborz Mountains and southern coast of Caspian (Mazandaran) Sea. Its population is estimated to be 261,293, as of 2006. It has a land area of 5,089 square kilometers. Sari is one of the entertainment and sports centers of Iran.

'''Geography and Climate:'''
Mazandaran province is geographically divided into two parts: the coastal plains, and the mountainous areas. The Alborz Mountain Range surrounds the coastal strip and plains of the Caspian Sea like a huge barrier.
There is often snowfall during most of the seasons in the Alborz regions, which run parallel to the Caspian Sea's southern coast, dividing the province into many isolated valleys. The province enjoys a moderate, subtropical climate with an average temperature of 25 °C in summer and about 8 °C in winter. Although snow may fall heavily in the mountains in winter, it rarely falls around sea lines.
There is often snowfall during most of the seasons in the Alborz regions, which run parallel to the Caspian Sea's southern coast, dividing the province into many isolated valleys. The province enjoys a moderate, subtropical climate with an average temperature of 25 °C in summer and about 8 °C in winter. Although snow may fall heavily in the mountains in winter, it rarely falls around sea lines. (http://www.mazandaran.rmto.ir/)

'''About Salman Shahr (Motelghoo):'''
Salman Shahr (formerly, Motel Qū (Persian: متل قو/ سلمان شهر) and Saqikelayeh (Persian: ساقيكِلايِه) is a city in and capital of Salman Shahr, Abbasabad District, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 9,592, in 2,605 families. Salman Shahr is located 30 kilometres (19 mi) east of Tonekabon en route to the city of Chaloos.
Salman Shar is the new name for this city after the Islamic revolution. In the past, the city was called Saghi Kelaye and was also named after its famous hotel Motel Ghoo or Motel Qu (Swan Motel). Salman Shar city is a new settlement that was established in 1961 which was incorporated as a municipality in 1962.
In the late 2000s the major development and construction projects called "Ghoo" or "Diamond of the Middle East" were kicked off. The core of this project is built in the same place as where motel Ghoo was located.(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salman_Shahr_District)

''

'''History
Pre Islamic History:'''
The region is known to have been populated from early antiquity, and Mazandaran has changed hands among various dynasties from early in its history. There are several fortresses remaining from Parthian and Sassanid times, and many older cemeteries scattered throughout the province. During this era, Mazandaran was part of Hyrcania Province which was one of important provinces.
With the advent of the Sassanid dynasty, the King of Mazandaran (Tabaristan andPadashkhwargar) was Gushnasp, whose ancestors had reigned in the area (under the Parthian empire) since the time of Alexandar. In 529-536 Mazandarn was ruled by Sassanid prince Kawus son of Kawadh. Anushirawan, the Sassanid king, put in his place Zarmihr, who claimed his ancestry from the legendary blacksmith Kaveh. This dynasty ruled till 645 A.D., when Gil Gilanshah (a descendant of the Sassanid king Jamasp and a son of Piruz) joined Mazandaran to Gilan. These families had descendants who ruled during the Islamic period.

'''Mazandaran Today,
General:'''
The culture of Mazandaran is closely related to that of neighboring Gilan (or Guilan) and similarities between the two are abundant. The cuisine of the province is very rich in seafood due to its location by the Caspian Sea, and rice is present in virtually every meal. Indeed, the rest of Iran was introduced to rice through Gilan and Mazandaran. Before the 1800s, Persians, Kurds, and other Iranian ethnic groups used bread rather than rice as an accompaniment to their meals, though bread remains a prominent staple among them. While bread remains very popular among those groups, in Gilan and Mazandaran, rice remains the choice staple of the indigenous inhabitants.
Mazanderani or Tabarian is a Northwestern Iranian language. Various Mazandarani's dialects exist which are spoken in Mazandaran province and the neighbour province Golestan such as Mazanderani, and Gorgani. Also, Qadikolahi (Ghadikolahi) and Palani may be dialects. Mazandarani mostly resemble Gilaki. Today, Mazandaranis also use Persian (Western Persian). The educated can communicate and read Persian well.
A dialect of Azeri is spoken in the town of Galoogah
In Persian epic, Shahnameh, Mazandaran is mentioned in two different sections. First time implicitly, when Fereydun sets its capital in a city called Tamishe near Amol:
Under the title, and when Manuchehr is returning to Fereydun's capital, Tamisheh in Mazandaran (known as Tabarestan), after victory over Salm and Tur:
In the second section, a region called Mazandaran is mentioned at Kai Kavoos era frequently, it is an area which is mostly inhabited by Div (demons). The legendary Iranian Shah Kaykavoos as well as the Iranian hero Rostam each take turn to go to Mazandaran in order to battle the demons.
A famous verse from Shahnameh is when Zal tells Kai Kavoos:
"I heard troubling news that the king is planning to go to Mazandaran"
However, this Mazandaran is not considered identical to the modern province of Mazandaran, and is instead a land to the west of Iran. The current province was simply considered a part of Tabaristan; the name Mazandaran is a later development, perhaps based upon local terminology.

'''Economy:'''
Having sea, jungle and tourism all together has made the province one of the 5 wealthiest in Iran in terms of GDP and net worth. The recent explored oil resources will make the status even better by attracting new investment in the field. Rice, grain, fruits, cotton, tea, tobacco, sugarcane, and silk are produced in the lowland strip along the Caspian shore. Oil wealth has stimulated industries in food processing, cement, textiles, cotton, and fishing (caviar).
Suitable environmental conditions, pleasant and moderate climate, beautiful natural landscapes, and proximity to Tehran, have led the province to be one of the main recreational and tourism areas of Iran.
Iran's Cultural Heritage Organization lists close to 630 sites of historical and cultural significance, hence a wealth of tourist attractions. (http://www.mazandaran.rmto.ir/)''

*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Location; Mazandaran, Iran.jpg|Location; Mazandaran, Iran
Image:Salman Shahr ( Motelghoo); Bird view.jpg|Salman Shahr ( Motelghoo); Bird view
Image:Temprature and Climate Graphs.jpg|Temprature and Climate Graphs
Image:Average Temprature and Rainfall.jpg|Average Temprature and Rainfall
Image:Daryagooshe; Main street.jpg|Daryagooshe; Main street
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Case study 1- Motelghoo, a city where is located in the north of Iran.jpeg|Pavements and streets instructions has not been designed for storm waters, so it has caused a lot of problem as can be seen.
Image:Daryagooshe pavements; Potential for Green infrastructure designing .jpg|Daryagooshe pavements; Potential for Green infrastructure designing
Image:Daryagooshe green space; Potential for Green infrastructure designing.jpg|Daryagooshe green space; Potential for Green infrastructure designing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''
'''Using Permeable pavements,'''

'''Benefits for this site:'''

'''Reduces Storm water Runoff:'''

• Permeable pavement reduces surface runoff volumes and rates by allowing storm water to infiltrate underlying soils.

• By reducing runoff volumes and rates, permeable pavement can lower water treatment costs and reduce flooding and erosion.

'''Increases Groundwater Recharge:'''

• By allowing rainfall to infiltrate, permeable pavement can help increase groundwater recharge.

'''Reduces Energy Use:'''

• The use of permeable pavements also has the potential to reduce energy use by lowering surrounding air temperatures, which in turn reduces demand on cooling systems within buildings.

'''Improves Air Quality:'''

• Because permeable pavement captures rainfall onsite, communities can reduce the amount of water treatment needed, in turn reducing air pollution from power plants.

• By reducing the urban heat island effect, permeable pavement decreases ground level ozone formation, which directly impacts air quality.

'''Reduces Urban Heat Island:'''

• Permeable pavement absorbs less heat than conventional pavement, which helps to reduce the surrounding air temperature and decrease the amount of energy needed for cooling.

'''Using Green Roofs,'''

'''Benefits for this site:'''

'''Reduces Storm water Runoff:'''

• Green roofs can store significant amounts of water in their growing media. This water is eventually evaporated from the soil or transpired by the plants on the roof, thus reducing the runoff entering sewer systems and waterways, which can help alleviate the risk of combined sewer overflows (CSO).

'''Reduces Energy Use:'''

• Additional insulation provided by the growing media of a green roof can reduce a building’s energy consumption by providing superior insulation compared to conventional roofing materials.

• Evaporative cooling from water retained in the growing media reduces roof surface temperatures during hot days.

'''Reduces Urban Heat Island:'''

• The local evaporative cooling provided by green roofs can reduce elevated temperatures present in urban areas as a result of heat-absorbing surfaces such as streets and conventional roofs.

'''Improves Community Livability:'''

• Green roofs improve the local aesthetics of a community.

• Green roofs can increase recreational opportunities by providing outdoor areas for people to use and enjoy. They also have the potential to foster improved community interactions that help build social capital.

• Green roofs may also provide opportunities for urban agriculture.

'''Cultivates Public Education Opportunities:'''

• Green roofs and permeable pavements increase community interest in green infrastructure through their aesthetic appeal, which provides a great opportunity for public education.

• The installation of permeable pavement and green roofs can provide an opportunity to further educate the public about the benefits of green infrastructure in Iran. Using Green infrastructure method in this site provides an opportunity to develop community awareness and understanding around the importance of sustainable water resource management.

''

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''
- By using green infrastructure techniques such as green roofs, rain gardens, tree planting, and permeable pavement, they are managing storm water problems at a lower cost and realizing a wide range of other benefits from reduced air pollution, energy use, and urban heat island effect to improved wildlife habitat and aesthetics.

- Local water management and storm water control benefits.

- Green infrastructure in this site is a powerful tool for managing existing problems and preparing for the future and also readiness for supervenient events.

- Improving quality of life.

- raising awareness on the importance of integrating green infrastructure into its urban landscape, also this case study can be used as a sample for developing Green infrastructure methods in Iran.

''

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Sect.jpg|Projective section
Image:Pavement 1.jpg|Using Permeable pavement
Image:Img 03.jpg|projective drawing
Image:Pavement2.jpg|projective drawing
Image:Green Roof.jpg|Using Green Roofs instead of sloping natural Roofs
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''100 words approx.''

== Image Gallery ==
''Please add further images/photos here''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:IMG 1993.JPG|Winter 2014, unexpected snow, Daryagooshe street, the north view
Image:IMG 1996.JPG|Winter 2014, unexpected snow, Daryagooshe street, the south view
Image:IMG 1992.JPG|Winter 2014, unexpected snow, Motelghoo beach
Image:IMG 6087.PNG|Motelghoo main road, a rainy day
Image:IMG 5954.JPG|Motelghoo plaza
Image:IMG 6088.PNG|Heavy traffic in holidays, Motelghoo main road
Image:IMG 6081.PNG|Daryagooshe street
Image:IMG 6082.PNG|Daryagooshe street
</gallery>

== References ==

*''
http://www.americanrivers.org/newsroom/resources/the-value-of-green-infrastructure/

http://biodiversity-l.iisd.org/news/urbes-highlights-benefits-of-green-infrastructure-in-urban-areas/

http://www.worldweatheronline.com/Salman-Shahr-weather-averages/Mazandaran/IR.aspx

http://www.watershedconnect.com/documents/the_value_of_green_infrastructure_a_guide_to_recognizing_its_economic_environmental_and_social_benefits

''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group K - Case Study 1

2014-12-01T19:47:45Z

Kianik: /* Potential for multifunctionality */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_K|working group K]]

'''''Salman Shahr( Motelghoo), Mazandaran, Iran'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Salman Shahr(Motelghoo)''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Iran''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Salman Shahr(Motelghoo)''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Kimia Kiani''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:IMG 6084.PNG|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=300
|lat=36.709167
|lng=51.19916699999999
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

''Salman Shahr(Motelghoo) is a small city where is located in the north of Iran, between Alborz mountains and Caspian sea. It is a beautiful city with a fabulous scene from mountains to sea although uploaded pictures illustrate only the problems in urban structures in the city.Also the city is chosen by local and foreign tourists as a destination for travelling. Because of its geographical location, the city has a humid and wet weather. So,I have chosen this area as my case study due to its potential for becoming an element for green infrastructure method.As the picture indicates, the city and its urban structure has not been designed for rain storms or heavy snow.For instance, pathways, roads and pavements should be redesigned in the green infrastructure method.''

== Author's perspective ==
''I studied Master of Architecture and Bachelor of Architecture engineering in Iran. I have several years work experiences in designing and researching. Currently I am working in a research office voluntarily. I have done some projects about energy saving in architecture and I am going to continue my studying in a field of sustainability development, specially in design and planning.
I have known Motelghoo since childhood. I and my family have been vacationing in this city most of the time.

New constructions in this city have been bringing considerable population for travelling and living to this but the structure of city, roads and pavements has remained unchanging. ''

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==
*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''

'''Introduction:'''
MAZANDARAN is a Caspian province in the north of Iran, located on the southern coast of the Caspian sea, it is bordered clockwise by the provinces of Golestan to the east, Semnan to the south east, Tehran to the south, Qazvin south west and Gilan by the west.
Mazandaran is one of the most densely populated provinces in Iran and has diverse natural resources, especially large reservoirs of oil and natural gas.
The province covers an area of 23756 Km, equal to 1.46 percent of the country and has a population of 3,000,000 equal to 4 percent of the population of the country. The province also consists of 52 cities, 3600 villages and 45 sections.
There are 18 counties in the province including Sari, Behshahr, Babol, Amol, Qaemshahr, Ramsar, Tonekabon, Chaloos, Noshahr, Noor, Mahmoodabad, Savadkooh, Babolsar, Jooybar, Neka, Behshahr, Galoogah, Fereidoonkenar and Abbas Abad

The province's five largest counties are Sari, Behshahr, Babol, Amol and Qaemshahr. Founded as province in 1937, Mazandaran was declared the second modern province after neighboring Gilan.
The diverse nature of the province features plains, prairies, forests and jungles stretching from the sandy beaches of the Caspian Sea to the rugged and snowcapped Elburz sierra, including Mount Damavand, the highest peak and volcano in the Middle East and Western Asia, which at the narrowest point (Nowshahr County) narrows to 5 miles.
Mazandaran is a major producer of farmed fish and aquaculture provides an important economic addition to traditional dominance of agriculture. Another important contributor to the economy is the tourism industry, as people from all of Iran enjoy visiting the area. Mazandaran is also a fast-growing centre for biotechnology and civil engineering.
Human habitation in the area dates back at least 75,000 years. Recent excavations in Goher Tippe provide proof that the area has been urbanized for more than 5,000 years, and the area is considered one of the most important historical sites of Iran. It has played an important role in cultural and urban development of the region.
Indigenous peoples of the region include the ethnic Mazanderanis speaking an Iranian language which most resembles Gilaki and Sangiseri
Mazandaran province central coordination locates in 36.5656°N 53.0588°E.
The population of the province has been steadily growing during the last 50 years. The population is of Caucasian Iranian stock with a minority of non-native neighboring Turkic tribes (esp. the Turkomen), a sizable Armenian minority and Russian immigrants, mainly from former Soviet republics of Georgia (country), Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan.
The Mazandaran Sea provides a beautiful coastline in north of Sari; northeast of the city is Neka. Qa'emshahr (Formerly known as Shahi) is to its southwest, Juybar is to its northwest, and Kiyasar, Damghan, and Semnan are in the south part of Sari.
Sari is the provincial capital of Mazandaran, located in the north of Iran, between the northern slopes of the Alborz Mountains and southern coast of Caspian (Mazandaran) Sea. Its population is estimated to be 261,293, as of 2006. It has a land area of 5,089 square kilometers. Sari is one of the entertainment and sports centers of Iran.

'''Geography and Climate:'''
Mazandaran province is geographically divided into two parts: the coastal plains, and the mountainous areas. The Alborz Mountain Range surrounds the coastal strip and plains of the Caspian Sea like a huge barrier.
There is often snowfall during most of the seasons in the Alborz regions, which run parallel to the Caspian Sea's southern coast, dividing the province into many isolated valleys. The province enjoys a moderate, subtropical climate with an average temperature of 25 °C in summer and about 8 °C in winter. Although snow may fall heavily in the mountains in winter, it rarely falls around sea lines.
There is often snowfall during most of the seasons in the Alborz regions, which run parallel to the Caspian Sea's southern coast, dividing the province into many isolated valleys. The province enjoys a moderate, subtropical climate with an average temperature of 25 °C in summer and about 8 °C in winter. Although snow may fall heavily in the mountains in winter, it rarely falls around sea lines. (http://www.mazandaran.rmto.ir/)

'''About Salman Shahr (Motelghoo):'''
Salman Shahr (formerly, Motel Qū (Persian: متل قو/ سلمان شهر) and Saqikelayeh (Persian: ساقيكِلايِه) is a city in and capital of Salman Shahr, Abbasabad District, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 9,592, in 2,605 families. Salman Shahr is located 30 kilometres (19 mi) east of Tonekabon en route to the city of Chaloos.
Salman Shar is the new name for this city after the Islamic revolution. In the past, the city was called Saghi Kelaye and was also named after its famous hotel Motel Ghoo or Motel Qu (Swan Motel). Salman Shar city is a new settlement that was established in 1961 which was incorporated as a municipality in 1962.
In the late 2000s the major development and construction projects called "Ghoo" or "Diamond of the Middle East" were kicked off. The core of this project is built in the same place as where motel Ghoo was located.(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salman_Shahr_District)

''

'''History
Pre Islamic History:'''
The region is known to have been populated from early antiquity, and Mazandaran has changed hands among various dynasties from early in its history. There are several fortresses remaining from Parthian and Sassanid times, and many older cemeteries scattered throughout the province. During this era, Mazandaran was part of Hyrcania Province which was one of important provinces.
With the advent of the Sassanid dynasty, the King of Mazandaran (Tabaristan andPadashkhwargar) was Gushnasp, whose ancestors had reigned in the area (under the Parthian empire) since the time of Alexandar. In 529-536 Mazandarn was ruled by Sassanid prince Kawus son of Kawadh. Anushirawan, the Sassanid king, put in his place Zarmihr, who claimed his ancestry from the legendary blacksmith Kaveh. This dynasty ruled till 645 A.D., when Gil Gilanshah (a descendant of the Sassanid king Jamasp and a son of Piruz) joined Mazandaran to Gilan. These families had descendants who ruled during the Islamic period.

'''Mazandaran Today,
General:'''
The culture of Mazandaran is closely related to that of neighboring Gilan (or Guilan) and similarities between the two are abundant. The cuisine of the province is very rich in seafood due to its location by the Caspian Sea, and rice is present in virtually every meal. Indeed, the rest of Iran was introduced to rice through Gilan and Mazandaran. Before the 1800s, Persians, Kurds, and other Iranian ethnic groups used bread rather than rice as an accompaniment to their meals, though bread remains a prominent staple among them. While bread remains very popular among those groups, in Gilan and Mazandaran, rice remains the choice staple of the indigenous inhabitants.
Mazanderani or Tabarian is a Northwestern Iranian language. Various Mazandarani's dialects exist which are spoken in Mazandaran province and the neighbour province Golestan such as Mazanderani, and Gorgani. Also, Qadikolahi (Ghadikolahi) and Palani may be dialects. Mazandarani mostly resemble Gilaki. Today, Mazandaranis also use Persian (Western Persian). The educated can communicate and read Persian well.
A dialect of Azeri is spoken in the town of Galoogah
In Persian epic, Shahnameh, Mazandaran is mentioned in two different sections. First time implicitly, when Fereydun sets its capital in a city called Tamishe near Amol:
Under the title, and when Manuchehr is returning to Fereydun's capital, Tamisheh in Mazandaran (known as Tabarestan), after victory over Salm and Tur:
In the second section, a region called Mazandaran is mentioned at Kai Kavoos era frequently, it is an area which is mostly inhabited by Div (demons). The legendary Iranian Shah Kaykavoos as well as the Iranian hero Rostam each take turn to go to Mazandaran in order to battle the demons.
A famous verse from Shahnameh is when Zal tells Kai Kavoos:
"I heard troubling news that the king is planning to go to Mazandaran"
However, this Mazandaran is not considered identical to the modern province of Mazandaran, and is instead a land to the west of Iran. The current province was simply considered a part of Tabaristan; the name Mazandaran is a later development, perhaps based upon local terminology.

'''Economy:'''
Having sea, jungle and tourism all together has made the province one of the 5 wealthiest in Iran in terms of GDP and net worth. The recent explored oil resources will make the status even better by attracting new investment in the field. Rice, grain, fruits, cotton, tea, tobacco, sugarcane, and silk are produced in the lowland strip along the Caspian shore. Oil wealth has stimulated industries in food processing, cement, textiles, cotton, and fishing (caviar).
Suitable environmental conditions, pleasant and moderate climate, beautiful natural landscapes, and proximity to Tehran, have led the province to be one of the main recreational and tourism areas of Iran.
Iran's Cultural Heritage Organization lists close to 630 sites of historical and cultural significance, hence a wealth of tourist attractions. (http://www.mazandaran.rmto.ir/)''

*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Location; Mazandaran, Iran.jpg|Location; Mazandaran, Iran
Image:Salman Shahr ( Motelghoo); Bird view.jpg|Salman Shahr ( Motelghoo); Bird view
Image:Temprature and Climate Graphs.jpg|Temprature and Climate Graphs
Image:Average Temprature and Rainfall.jpg|Average Temprature and Rainfall
Image:Daryagooshe; Main street.jpg|Daryagooshe; Main street
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Case study 1- Motelghoo, a city where is located in the north of Iran.jpeg|Pavements and streets instructions has not been designed for storm waters, so it has caused a lot of problem as can be seen.
Image:Daryagooshe pavements; Potential for Green infrastructure designing .jpg|Daryagooshe pavements; Potential for Green infrastructure designing
Image:Daryagooshe green space; Potential for Green infrastructure designing.jpg|Daryagooshe green space; Potential for Green infrastructure designing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''
'''Using Permeable pavements,'''

'''Benefits for this site:'''

'''Reduces Storm water Runoff:'''

• Permeable pavement reduces surface runoff volumes and rates by allowing storm water to infiltrate underlying soils.

• By reducing runoff volumes and rates, permeable pavement can lower water treatment costs and reduce flooding and erosion.

'''Increases Groundwater Recharge:'''

• By allowing rainfall to infiltrate, permeable pavement can help increase groundwater recharge.

'''Reduces Energy Use:'''

• The use of permeable pavements also has the potential to reduce energy use by lowering surrounding air temperatures, which in turn reduces demand on cooling systems within buildings.

'''Improves Air Quality:'''

• Because permeable pavement captures rainfall onsite, communities can reduce the amount of water treatment needed, in turn reducing air pollution from power plants.

• By reducing the urban heat island effect, permeable pavement decreases ground level ozone formation, which directly impacts air quality.

'''Reduces Urban Heat Island:'''

• Permeable pavement absorbs less heat than conventional pavement, which helps to reduce the surrounding air temperature and decrease the amount of energy needed for cooling.

'''Using Green Roofs,'''

'''Benefits for this site:'''

'''Reduces Storm water Runoff:'''

• Green roofs can store significant amounts of water in their growing media. This water is eventually evaporated from the soil or transpired by the plants on the roof, thus reducing the runoff entering sewer systems and waterways, which can help alleviate the risk of combined sewer overflows (CSO).

'''Reduces Energy Use:'''

• Additional insulation provided by the growing media of a green roof can reduce a building’s energy consumption by providing superior insulation compared to conventional roofing materials.

• Evaporative cooling from water retained in the growing media reduces roof surface temperatures during hot days.

'''Reduces Urban Heat Island:'''

• The local evaporative cooling provided by green roofs can reduce elevated temperatures present in urban areas as a result of heat-absorbing surfaces such as streets and conventional roofs.

'''Improves Community Livability:'''

• Green roofs improve the local aesthetics of a community.

• Green roofs can increase recreational opportunities by providing outdoor areas for people to use and enjoy. They also have the potential to foster improved community interactions that help build social capital.

• Green roofs may also provide opportunities for urban agriculture.

'''Cultivates Public Education Opportunities:'''

• Green roofs and permeable pavements increase community interest in green infrastructure through their aesthetic appeal, which provides a great opportunity for public education.

• The installation of permeable pavement and green roofs can provide an opportunity to further educate the public about the benefits of green infrastructure in Iran. Using Green infrastructure method in this site provides an opportunity to develop community awareness and understanding around the importance of sustainable water resource management.

''

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''
- By using green infrastructure techniques such as green roofs, rain gardens, tree planting, and permeable pavement, they are managing storm water problems at a lower cost and realizing a wide range of other benefits from reduced air pollution, energy use, and urban heat island effect to improved wildlife habitat and aesthetics.

- Local water management and storm water control benefits.

- Green infrastructure in this site is a powerful tool for managing existing problems and preparing for the future and also readiness for supervenient events.

- Improving quality of life.

- raising awareness on the importance of integrating green infrastructure into its urban landscape, also this case study can be used as a sample for developing Green infrastructure methods in Iran.

''

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Sect.jpg|Projective section
Image:Pavement 1.jpg|Using Permeable pavement
Image:Img 03.jpg|projective drawing
Image:Pavement2.jpg|projective drawing
Image:Green Roof.jpg|Using Green Roofs instead of sloping natural Roofs
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''100 words approx.''

== Image Gallery ==
''Please add further images/photos here''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:IMG 1993.JPG|Winter 2014, unexpected snow, Daryagooshe street, the north view
Image:IMG 1996.JPG|Winter 2014, unexpected snow, Daryagooshe street, the south view
Image:IMG 1992.JPG|Winter 2014, unexpected snow, Motelghoo beach
Image:IMG 6087.PNG|Motelghoo main road, a rainy day
Image:IMG 5954.JPG|Motelghoo plaza
Image:IMG 6088.PNG|Heavy traffic in holidays, Motelghoo main road
Image:IMG 6081.PNG|Daryagooshe street
Image:IMG 6082.PNG|Daryagooshe street
</gallery>

== References ==

*''please add your references here''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group K - Case Study 1

2014-12-01T19:46:59Z

Kianik: /* Potential for multifunctionality */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_K|working group K]]

'''''Salman Shahr( Motelghoo), Mazandaran, Iran'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Salman Shahr(Motelghoo)''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Iran''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Salman Shahr(Motelghoo)''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Kimia Kiani''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:IMG 6084.PNG|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=300
|lat=36.709167
|lng=51.19916699999999
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

''Salman Shahr(Motelghoo) is a small city where is located in the north of Iran, between Alborz mountains and Caspian sea. It is a beautiful city with a fabulous scene from mountains to sea although uploaded pictures illustrate only the problems in urban structures in the city.Also the city is chosen by local and foreign tourists as a destination for travelling. Because of its geographical location, the city has a humid and wet weather. So,I have chosen this area as my case study due to its potential for becoming an element for green infrastructure method.As the picture indicates, the city and its urban structure has not been designed for rain storms or heavy snow.For instance, pathways, roads and pavements should be redesigned in the green infrastructure method.''

== Author's perspective ==
''I studied Master of Architecture and Bachelor of Architecture engineering in Iran. I have several years work experiences in designing and researching. Currently I am working in a research office voluntarily. I have done some projects about energy saving in architecture and I am going to continue my studying in a field of sustainability development, specially in design and planning.
I have known Motelghoo since childhood. I and my family have been vacationing in this city most of the time.

New constructions in this city have been bringing considerable population for travelling and living to this but the structure of city, roads and pavements has remained unchanging. ''

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==
*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''

'''Introduction:'''
MAZANDARAN is a Caspian province in the north of Iran, located on the southern coast of the Caspian sea, it is bordered clockwise by the provinces of Golestan to the east, Semnan to the south east, Tehran to the south, Qazvin south west and Gilan by the west.
Mazandaran is one of the most densely populated provinces in Iran and has diverse natural resources, especially large reservoirs of oil and natural gas.
The province covers an area of 23756 Km, equal to 1.46 percent of the country and has a population of 3,000,000 equal to 4 percent of the population of the country. The province also consists of 52 cities, 3600 villages and 45 sections.
There are 18 counties in the province including Sari, Behshahr, Babol, Amol, Qaemshahr, Ramsar, Tonekabon, Chaloos, Noshahr, Noor, Mahmoodabad, Savadkooh, Babolsar, Jooybar, Neka, Behshahr, Galoogah, Fereidoonkenar and Abbas Abad

The province's five largest counties are Sari, Behshahr, Babol, Amol and Qaemshahr. Founded as province in 1937, Mazandaran was declared the second modern province after neighboring Gilan.
The diverse nature of the province features plains, prairies, forests and jungles stretching from the sandy beaches of the Caspian Sea to the rugged and snowcapped Elburz sierra, including Mount Damavand, the highest peak and volcano in the Middle East and Western Asia, which at the narrowest point (Nowshahr County) narrows to 5 miles.
Mazandaran is a major producer of farmed fish and aquaculture provides an important economic addition to traditional dominance of agriculture. Another important contributor to the economy is the tourism industry, as people from all of Iran enjoy visiting the area. Mazandaran is also a fast-growing centre for biotechnology and civil engineering.
Human habitation in the area dates back at least 75,000 years. Recent excavations in Goher Tippe provide proof that the area has been urbanized for more than 5,000 years, and the area is considered one of the most important historical sites of Iran. It has played an important role in cultural and urban development of the region.
Indigenous peoples of the region include the ethnic Mazanderanis speaking an Iranian language which most resembles Gilaki and Sangiseri
Mazandaran province central coordination locates in 36.5656°N 53.0588°E.
The population of the province has been steadily growing during the last 50 years. The population is of Caucasian Iranian stock with a minority of non-native neighboring Turkic tribes (esp. the Turkomen), a sizable Armenian minority and Russian immigrants, mainly from former Soviet republics of Georgia (country), Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan.
The Mazandaran Sea provides a beautiful coastline in north of Sari; northeast of the city is Neka. Qa'emshahr (Formerly known as Shahi) is to its southwest, Juybar is to its northwest, and Kiyasar, Damghan, and Semnan are in the south part of Sari.
Sari is the provincial capital of Mazandaran, located in the north of Iran, between the northern slopes of the Alborz Mountains and southern coast of Caspian (Mazandaran) Sea. Its population is estimated to be 261,293, as of 2006. It has a land area of 5,089 square kilometers. Sari is one of the entertainment and sports centers of Iran.

'''Geography and Climate:'''
Mazandaran province is geographically divided into two parts: the coastal plains, and the mountainous areas. The Alborz Mountain Range surrounds the coastal strip and plains of the Caspian Sea like a huge barrier.
There is often snowfall during most of the seasons in the Alborz regions, which run parallel to the Caspian Sea's southern coast, dividing the province into many isolated valleys. The province enjoys a moderate, subtropical climate with an average temperature of 25 °C in summer and about 8 °C in winter. Although snow may fall heavily in the mountains in winter, it rarely falls around sea lines.
There is often snowfall during most of the seasons in the Alborz regions, which run parallel to the Caspian Sea's southern coast, dividing the province into many isolated valleys. The province enjoys a moderate, subtropical climate with an average temperature of 25 °C in summer and about 8 °C in winter. Although snow may fall heavily in the mountains in winter, it rarely falls around sea lines. (http://www.mazandaran.rmto.ir/)

'''About Salman Shahr (Motelghoo):'''
Salman Shahr (formerly, Motel Qū (Persian: متل قو/ سلمان شهر) and Saqikelayeh (Persian: ساقيكِلايِه) is a city in and capital of Salman Shahr, Abbasabad District, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 9,592, in 2,605 families. Salman Shahr is located 30 kilometres (19 mi) east of Tonekabon en route to the city of Chaloos.
Salman Shar is the new name for this city after the Islamic revolution. In the past, the city was called Saghi Kelaye and was also named after its famous hotel Motel Ghoo or Motel Qu (Swan Motel). Salman Shar city is a new settlement that was established in 1961 which was incorporated as a municipality in 1962.
In the late 2000s the major development and construction projects called "Ghoo" or "Diamond of the Middle East" were kicked off. The core of this project is built in the same place as where motel Ghoo was located.(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salman_Shahr_District)

''

'''History
Pre Islamic History:'''
The region is known to have been populated from early antiquity, and Mazandaran has changed hands among various dynasties from early in its history. There are several fortresses remaining from Parthian and Sassanid times, and many older cemeteries scattered throughout the province. During this era, Mazandaran was part of Hyrcania Province which was one of important provinces.
With the advent of the Sassanid dynasty, the King of Mazandaran (Tabaristan andPadashkhwargar) was Gushnasp, whose ancestors had reigned in the area (under the Parthian empire) since the time of Alexandar. In 529-536 Mazandarn was ruled by Sassanid prince Kawus son of Kawadh. Anushirawan, the Sassanid king, put in his place Zarmihr, who claimed his ancestry from the legendary blacksmith Kaveh. This dynasty ruled till 645 A.D., when Gil Gilanshah (a descendant of the Sassanid king Jamasp and a son of Piruz) joined Mazandaran to Gilan. These families had descendants who ruled during the Islamic period.

'''Mazandaran Today,
General:'''
The culture of Mazandaran is closely related to that of neighboring Gilan (or Guilan) and similarities between the two are abundant. The cuisine of the province is very rich in seafood due to its location by the Caspian Sea, and rice is present in virtually every meal. Indeed, the rest of Iran was introduced to rice through Gilan and Mazandaran. Before the 1800s, Persians, Kurds, and other Iranian ethnic groups used bread rather than rice as an accompaniment to their meals, though bread remains a prominent staple among them. While bread remains very popular among those groups, in Gilan and Mazandaran, rice remains the choice staple of the indigenous inhabitants.
Mazanderani or Tabarian is a Northwestern Iranian language. Various Mazandarani's dialects exist which are spoken in Mazandaran province and the neighbour province Golestan such as Mazanderani, and Gorgani. Also, Qadikolahi (Ghadikolahi) and Palani may be dialects. Mazandarani mostly resemble Gilaki. Today, Mazandaranis also use Persian (Western Persian). The educated can communicate and read Persian well.
A dialect of Azeri is spoken in the town of Galoogah
In Persian epic, Shahnameh, Mazandaran is mentioned in two different sections. First time implicitly, when Fereydun sets its capital in a city called Tamishe near Amol:
Under the title, and when Manuchehr is returning to Fereydun's capital, Tamisheh in Mazandaran (known as Tabarestan), after victory over Salm and Tur:
In the second section, a region called Mazandaran is mentioned at Kai Kavoos era frequently, it is an area which is mostly inhabited by Div (demons). The legendary Iranian Shah Kaykavoos as well as the Iranian hero Rostam each take turn to go to Mazandaran in order to battle the demons.
A famous verse from Shahnameh is when Zal tells Kai Kavoos:
"I heard troubling news that the king is planning to go to Mazandaran"
However, this Mazandaran is not considered identical to the modern province of Mazandaran, and is instead a land to the west of Iran. The current province was simply considered a part of Tabaristan; the name Mazandaran is a later development, perhaps based upon local terminology.

'''Economy:'''
Having sea, jungle and tourism all together has made the province one of the 5 wealthiest in Iran in terms of GDP and net worth. The recent explored oil resources will make the status even better by attracting new investment in the field. Rice, grain, fruits, cotton, tea, tobacco, sugarcane, and silk are produced in the lowland strip along the Caspian shore. Oil wealth has stimulated industries in food processing, cement, textiles, cotton, and fishing (caviar).
Suitable environmental conditions, pleasant and moderate climate, beautiful natural landscapes, and proximity to Tehran, have led the province to be one of the main recreational and tourism areas of Iran.
Iran's Cultural Heritage Organization lists close to 630 sites of historical and cultural significance, hence a wealth of tourist attractions. (http://www.mazandaran.rmto.ir/)''

*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Location; Mazandaran, Iran.jpg|Location; Mazandaran, Iran
Image:Salman Shahr ( Motelghoo); Bird view.jpg|Salman Shahr ( Motelghoo); Bird view
Image:Temprature and Climate Graphs.jpg|Temprature and Climate Graphs
Image:Average Temprature and Rainfall.jpg|Average Temprature and Rainfall
Image:Daryagooshe; Main street.jpg|Daryagooshe; Main street
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Case study 1- Motelghoo, a city where is located in the north of Iran.jpeg|Pavements and streets instructions has not been designed for storm waters, so it has caused a lot of problem as can be seen.
Image:Daryagooshe pavements; Potential for Green infrastructure designing .jpg|Daryagooshe pavements; Potential for Green infrastructure designing
Image:Daryagooshe green space; Potential for Green infrastructure designing.jpg|Daryagooshe green space; Potential for Green infrastructure designing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''
'''Using Permeable pavements,'''

'''Benefits for this site:'''

'''Reduces Storm water Runoff:'''

• Permeable pavement reduces surface runoff volumes and rates by allowing storm water to infiltrate underlying soils.

• By reducing runoff volumes and rates, permeable pavement can lower water treatment costs and reduce flooding and erosion.

'''Increases Groundwater Recharge:'''

• By allowing rainfall to infiltrate, permeable pavement can help increase groundwater recharge.

'''Reduces Energy Use:'''

• The use of permeable pavements also has the potential to reduce energy use by lowering surrounding air temperatures, which in turn reduces demand on cooling systems within buildings.

'''Improves Air Quality:'''

• Because permeable pavement captures rainfall onsite, communities can reduce the amount of water treatment needed, in turn reducing air pollution from power plants.

• By reducing the urban heat island effect, permeable pavement decreases ground level ozone formation, which directly impacts air quality.

'''Reduces Urban Heat Island:'''

• Permeable pavement absorbs less heat than conventional pavement, which helps to reduce the surrounding air temperature and decrease the amount of energy needed for cooling.

'''Using Green Roofs,'''

'''Benefits for this site:'''

'''Reduces Storm water Runoff:'''

• Green roofs can store significant amounts of water in their growing media. This water is eventually evaporated from the soil or transpired by the plants on the roof, thus reducing the runoff entering sewer systems and waterways, which can help alleviate the risk of combined sewer overflows (CSO).

'''Reduces Energy Use:'''

• Additional insulation provided by the growing media of a green roof can reduce a building’s energy consumption by providing superior insulation compared to conventional roofing materials.

• Evaporative cooling from water retained in the growing media reduces roof surface temperatures during hot days.

'''Reduces Urban Heat Island:'''

• The local evaporative cooling provided by green roofs can reduce elevated temperatures present in urban areas as a result of heat-absorbing surfaces such as streets and conventional roofs.

'''Improves Community Livability:'''

• Green roofs improve the local aesthetics of a community.

• Green roofs can increase recreational opportunities by providing outdoor areas for people to use and enjoy. They also have the potential to foster improved community interactions that help build social capital.

• Green roofs may also provide opportunities for urban agriculture.

'''Cultivates Public Education Opportunities:'''

• Green roofs and permeable pavements increase community interest in green infrastructure through their aesthetic appeal, which provides a great opportunity for public education.

• The installation of permeable pavement and green roofs can provide an opportunity to further educate the public about the benefits of green infrastructure in Iran. Using Green infrastructure method in this site provides an opportunity to develop community awareness and understanding around the importance of sustainable water resource management.

''

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''
- By using green infrastructure techniques such as green roofs, rain gardens, tree planting, and permeable pavement, they are managing storm water problems at a lower cost and realizing a wide range of other benefits from reduced air pollution, energy use, and urban heat island effect to improved wildlife habitat and aesthetics.
- Local water management and storm water control benefits.
- Green infrastructure in this site is a powerful tool for managing existing problems and preparing for the future and also readiness for supervenient events.
- Improving quality of life
- raising awareness on the importance of integrating green infrastructure into its urban landscape, also this case study can be used as a sample for developing Green infrastructure methods in Iran.

''

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Sect.jpg|Projective section
Image:Pavement 1.jpg|Using Permeable pavement
Image:Img 03.jpg|projective drawing
Image:Pavement2.jpg|projective drawing
Image:Green Roof.jpg|Using Green Roofs instead of sloping natural Roofs
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''100 words approx.''

== Image Gallery ==
''Please add further images/photos here''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:IMG 1993.JPG|Winter 2014, unexpected snow, Daryagooshe street, the north view
Image:IMG 1996.JPG|Winter 2014, unexpected snow, Daryagooshe street, the south view
Image:IMG 1992.JPG|Winter 2014, unexpected snow, Motelghoo beach
Image:IMG 6087.PNG|Motelghoo main road, a rainy day
Image:IMG 5954.JPG|Motelghoo plaza
Image:IMG 6088.PNG|Heavy traffic in holidays, Motelghoo main road
Image:IMG 6081.PNG|Daryagooshe street
Image:IMG 6082.PNG|Daryagooshe street
</gallery>

== References ==

*''please add your references here''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Green Infrastructure 2014 - Working Group K

2014-11-30T13:05:19Z

Kianik: /* Assignment 3 - Green infrastructure potential in your environment */

--> Back to [[Working_Groups_Seminar_Green_Infrastructure_2014|working group overview]]

''Dear working group members. This is your group page and you will be completing the template gradually as we move through the seminar. Each member has an individual page for documenting his/her personal case. You can also access your template for assignment 4 (the joint design) from here. Good luck and enjoy your collaboration!
''

== Assignment 2 - Lecture Concept Map ==
*''The list with the group distribution shows you which lecture your group is supposed to document in the concept map format.''
*''Please add your collaborative concept map here by replacing the dummy image. Your map needs to have a new file name:''

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:yourfilename.jpg|''add your lecture title here by replacing this text''
</gallery>

== Assignment 3 - Green infrastructure potential in your environment ==

*'''Assigned: Tuesday, October 28'''
*'''Due: Monday, December 1'''

''There is one template page for each group member. The case could be a specific site in direct vicinity or a larger area in your region. The objective is to identify structures that have the potential to become elements of a green infrastructure strategy. ''

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group K - Case Study 1|Salman Shahr( Motelghoo), Mazandaran, Iran]] ===
=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Group K - Case Study 2|Mirijevo case study: Potentials for green infrastructure ]] ===

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Group K - Case Study 3|Case Study 3]] ===

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Group H - Case Study 4|Case Study 4]] ===

=== Presentation Slides Assignment 3 ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:GI_yourgroupname_ass3_slide1.jpg|slide 1
Image:GI_yourgroupname_ass3_slide2.jpg|slide 2
Image:GI_yourgroupname_ass3_slide3.jpg|slide 3
Image:GI_yourgroupname_ass3_slide4.jpg|slide 4
</gallery>

== Assignment 4 - Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design ==

*'''Assigned: Tuesday, December 2'''
*'''Due: Tuesday, January 6'''

==='''[[Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group K|Collaborative Design Working Group K]]'''===

=== Presentation Slides Collaborative Design ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:GI_yourgroupname_ass4_slide1.jpg|Analytical Drawings
Image:GI_yourgroupname_ass4_slide2.jpg|Projective Drawings
Image:GI_yourgroupname_ass4_slide3.jpg|Design Synthesis
</gallery>

----

[[Category: Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group]]

Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group K - Case Study 1

2014-11-30T13:02:00Z

Kianik: /* Projective drawings */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_K|working group K]]

'''''Salman Shahr( Motelghoo), Mazandaran, Iran'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Salman Shahr(Motelghoo)''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Iran''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Salman Shahr(Motelghoo)''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Kimia Kiani''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:IMG 6084.PNG|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=300
|lat=36.709167
|lng=51.19916699999999
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

''Salman Shahr(Motelghoo) is a small city where is located in the north of Iran, between Alborz mountains and Caspian sea. It is a beautiful city with a fabulous scene from mountains to sea although uploaded pictures illustrate only the problems in urban structures in the city.Also the city is chosen by local and foreign tourists as a destination for travelling. Because of its geographical location, the city has a humid and wet weather. So,I have chosen this area as my case study due to its potential for becoming an element for green infrastructure method.As the picture indicates, the city and its urban structure has not been designed for rain storms or heavy snow.For instance, pathways, roads and pavements should be redesigned in the green infrastructure method.''

== Author's perspective ==
''I studied Master of Architecture and Bachelor of Architecture engineering in Iran. I have several years work experiences in designing and researching. Currently I am working in a research office voluntarily. I have done some projects about energy saving in architecture and I am going to continue my studying in a field of sustainability development, specially in design and planning.
I have known Motelghoo since childhood. I and my family have been vacationing in this city most of the time.

New constructions in this city have been bringing considerable population for travelling and living to this but the structure of city, roads and pavements has remained unchanging. ''

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==
*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''

'''Introduction:'''
MAZANDARAN is a Caspian province in the north of Iran, located on the southern coast of the Caspian sea, it is bordered clockwise by the provinces of Golestan to the east, Semnan to the south east, Tehran to the south, Qazvin south west and Gilan by the west.
Mazandaran is one of the most densely populated provinces in Iran and has diverse natural resources, especially large reservoirs of oil and natural gas.
The province covers an area of 23756 Km, equal to 1.46 percent of the country and has a population of 3,000,000 equal to 4 percent of the population of the country. The province also consists of 52 cities, 3600 villages and 45 sections.
There are 18 counties in the province including Sari, Behshahr, Babol, Amol, Qaemshahr, Ramsar, Tonekabon, Chaloos, Noshahr, Noor, Mahmoodabad, Savadkooh, Babolsar, Jooybar, Neka, Behshahr, Galoogah, Fereidoonkenar and Abbas Abad

The province's five largest counties are Sari, Behshahr, Babol, Amol and Qaemshahr. Founded as province in 1937, Mazandaran was declared the second modern province after neighboring Gilan.
The diverse nature of the province features plains, prairies, forests and jungles stretching from the sandy beaches of the Caspian Sea to the rugged and snowcapped Elburz sierra, including Mount Damavand, the highest peak and volcano in the Middle East and Western Asia, which at the narrowest point (Nowshahr County) narrows to 5 miles.
Mazandaran is a major producer of farmed fish and aquaculture provides an important economic addition to traditional dominance of agriculture. Another important contributor to the economy is the tourism industry, as people from all of Iran enjoy visiting the area. Mazandaran is also a fast-growing centre for biotechnology and civil engineering.
Human habitation in the area dates back at least 75,000 years. Recent excavations in Goher Tippe provide proof that the area has been urbanized for more than 5,000 years, and the area is considered one of the most important historical sites of Iran. It has played an important role in cultural and urban development of the region.
Indigenous peoples of the region include the ethnic Mazanderanis speaking an Iranian language which most resembles Gilaki and Sangiseri
Mazandaran province central coordination locates in 36.5656°N 53.0588°E.
The population of the province has been steadily growing during the last 50 years. The population is of Caucasian Iranian stock with a minority of non-native neighboring Turkic tribes (esp. the Turkomen), a sizable Armenian minority and Russian immigrants, mainly from former Soviet republics of Georgia (country), Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan.
The Mazandaran Sea provides a beautiful coastline in north of Sari; northeast of the city is Neka. Qa'emshahr (Formerly known as Shahi) is to its southwest, Juybar is to its northwest, and Kiyasar, Damghan, and Semnan are in the south part of Sari.
Sari is the provincial capital of Mazandaran, located in the north of Iran, between the northern slopes of the Alborz Mountains and southern coast of Caspian (Mazandaran) Sea. Its population is estimated to be 261,293, as of 2006. It has a land area of 5,089 square kilometers. Sari is one of the entertainment and sports centers of Iran.

'''Geography and Climate:'''
Mazandaran province is geographically divided into two parts: the coastal plains, and the mountainous areas. The Alborz Mountain Range surrounds the coastal strip and plains of the Caspian Sea like a huge barrier.
There is often snowfall during most of the seasons in the Alborz regions, which run parallel to the Caspian Sea's southern coast, dividing the province into many isolated valleys. The province enjoys a moderate, subtropical climate with an average temperature of 25 °C in summer and about 8 °C in winter. Although snow may fall heavily in the mountains in winter, it rarely falls around sea lines.
There is often snowfall during most of the seasons in the Alborz regions, which run parallel to the Caspian Sea's southern coast, dividing the province into many isolated valleys. The province enjoys a moderate, subtropical climate with an average temperature of 25 °C in summer and about 8 °C in winter. Although snow may fall heavily in the mountains in winter, it rarely falls around sea lines. (http://www.mazandaran.rmto.ir/)

'''About Salman Shahr (Motelghoo):'''
Salman Shahr (formerly, Motel Qū (Persian: متل قو/ سلمان شهر) and Saqikelayeh (Persian: ساقيكِلايِه) is a city in and capital of Salman Shahr, Abbasabad District, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 9,592, in 2,605 families. Salman Shahr is located 30 kilometres (19 mi) east of Tonekabon en route to the city of Chaloos.
Salman Shar is the new name for this city after the Islamic revolution. In the past, the city was called Saghi Kelaye and was also named after its famous hotel Motel Ghoo or Motel Qu (Swan Motel). Salman Shar city is a new settlement that was established in 1961 which was incorporated as a municipality in 1962.
In the late 2000s the major development and construction projects called "Ghoo" or "Diamond of the Middle East" were kicked off. The core of this project is built in the same place as where motel Ghoo was located.(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salman_Shahr_District)

''

'''History
Pre Islamic History:'''
The region is known to have been populated from early antiquity, and Mazandaran has changed hands among various dynasties from early in its history. There are several fortresses remaining from Parthian and Sassanid times, and many older cemeteries scattered throughout the province. During this era, Mazandaran was part of Hyrcania Province which was one of important provinces.
With the advent of the Sassanid dynasty, the King of Mazandaran (Tabaristan andPadashkhwargar) was Gushnasp, whose ancestors had reigned in the area (under the Parthian empire) since the time of Alexandar. In 529-536 Mazandarn was ruled by Sassanid prince Kawus son of Kawadh. Anushirawan, the Sassanid king, put in his place Zarmihr, who claimed his ancestry from the legendary blacksmith Kaveh. This dynasty ruled till 645 A.D., when Gil Gilanshah (a descendant of the Sassanid king Jamasp and a son of Piruz) joined Mazandaran to Gilan. These families had descendants who ruled during the Islamic period.

'''Mazandaran Today,
General:'''
The culture of Mazandaran is closely related to that of neighboring Gilan (or Guilan) and similarities between the two are abundant. The cuisine of the province is very rich in seafood due to its location by the Caspian Sea, and rice is present in virtually every meal. Indeed, the rest of Iran was introduced to rice through Gilan and Mazandaran. Before the 1800s, Persians, Kurds, and other Iranian ethnic groups used bread rather than rice as an accompaniment to their meals, though bread remains a prominent staple among them. While bread remains very popular among those groups, in Gilan and Mazandaran, rice remains the choice staple of the indigenous inhabitants.
Mazanderani or Tabarian is a Northwestern Iranian language. Various Mazandarani's dialects exist which are spoken in Mazandaran province and the neighbour province Golestan such as Mazanderani, and Gorgani. Also, Qadikolahi (Ghadikolahi) and Palani may be dialects. Mazandarani mostly resemble Gilaki. Today, Mazandaranis also use Persian (Western Persian). The educated can communicate and read Persian well.
A dialect of Azeri is spoken in the town of Galoogah
In Persian epic, Shahnameh, Mazandaran is mentioned in two different sections. First time implicitly, when Fereydun sets its capital in a city called Tamishe near Amol:
Under the title, and when Manuchehr is returning to Fereydun's capital, Tamisheh in Mazandaran (known as Tabarestan), after victory over Salm and Tur:
In the second section, a region called Mazandaran is mentioned at Kai Kavoos era frequently, it is an area which is mostly inhabited by Div (demons). The legendary Iranian Shah Kaykavoos as well as the Iranian hero Rostam each take turn to go to Mazandaran in order to battle the demons.
A famous verse from Shahnameh is when Zal tells Kai Kavoos:
"I heard troubling news that the king is planning to go to Mazandaran"
However, this Mazandaran is not considered identical to the modern province of Mazandaran, and is instead a land to the west of Iran. The current province was simply considered a part of Tabaristan; the name Mazandaran is a later development, perhaps based upon local terminology.

'''Economy:'''
Having sea, jungle and tourism all together has made the province one of the 5 wealthiest in Iran in terms of GDP and net worth. The recent explored oil resources will make the status even better by attracting new investment in the field. Rice, grain, fruits, cotton, tea, tobacco, sugarcane, and silk are produced in the lowland strip along the Caspian shore. Oil wealth has stimulated industries in food processing, cement, textiles, cotton, and fishing (caviar).
Suitable environmental conditions, pleasant and moderate climate, beautiful natural landscapes, and proximity to Tehran, have led the province to be one of the main recreational and tourism areas of Iran.
Iran's Cultural Heritage Organization lists close to 630 sites of historical and cultural significance, hence a wealth of tourist attractions. (http://www.mazandaran.rmto.ir/)''

*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Location; Mazandaran, Iran.jpg|Location; Mazandaran, Iran
Image:Salman Shahr ( Motelghoo); Bird view.jpg|Salman Shahr ( Motelghoo); Bird view
Image:Temprature and Climate Graphs.jpg|Temprature and Climate Graphs
Image:Average Temprature and Rainfall.jpg|Average Temprature and Rainfall
Image:Daryagooshe; Main street.jpg|Daryagooshe; Main street
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Case study 1- Motelghoo, a city where is located in the north of Iran.jpeg|Pavements and streets instructions has not been designed for storm waters, so it has caused a lot of problem as can be seen.
Image:Daryagooshe pavements; Potential for Green infrastructure designing .jpg|Daryagooshe pavements; Potential for Green infrastructure designing
Image:Daryagooshe green space; Potential for Green infrastructure designing.jpg|Daryagooshe green space; Potential for Green infrastructure designing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''
'''Using Permeable pavements,'''

'''Benefits for this site:'''

'''Reduces Storm water Runoff:'''

• Permeable pavement reduces surface runoff volumes and rates by allowing storm water to infiltrate underlying soils.

• By reducing runoff volumes and rates, permeable pavement can lower water treatment costs and reduce flooding and erosion.

'''Increases Groundwater Recharge:'''

• By allowing rainfall to infiltrate, permeable pavement can help increase groundwater recharge.

'''Reduces Energy Use:'''

• The use of permeable pavements also has the potential to reduce energy use by lowering surrounding air temperatures, which in turn reduces demand on cooling systems within buildings.

'''Improves Air Quality:'''

• Because permeable pavement captures rainfall onsite, communities can reduce the amount of water treatment needed, in turn reducing air pollution from power plants.

• By reducing the urban heat island effect, permeable pavement decreases ground level ozone formation, which directly impacts air quality.

'''Reduces Urban Heat Island:'''

• Permeable pavement absorbs less heat than conventional pavement, which helps to reduce the surrounding air temperature and decrease the amount of energy needed for cooling.

'''Using Green Roofs,'''

'''Benefits for this site:'''

'''Reduces Storm water Runoff:'''

• Green roofs can store significant amounts of water in their growing media. This water is eventually evaporated from the soil or transpired by the plants on the roof, thus reducing the runoff entering sewer systems and waterways, which can help alleviate the risk of combined sewer overflows (CSO).

'''Reduces Energy Use:'''

• Additional insulation provided by the growing media of a green roof can reduce a building’s energy consumption by providing superior insulation compared to conventional roofing materials.

• Evaporative cooling from water retained in the growing media reduces roof surface temperatures during hot days.

'''Reduces Urban Heat Island:'''

• The local evaporative cooling provided by green roofs can reduce elevated temperatures present in urban areas as a result of heat-absorbing surfaces such as streets and conventional roofs.

'''Improves Community Livability:'''

• Green roofs improve the local aesthetics of a community.

• Green roofs can increase recreational opportunities by providing outdoor areas for people to use and enjoy. They also have the potential to foster improved community interactions that help build social capital.

• Green roofs may also provide opportunities for urban agriculture.

'''Cultivates Public Education Opportunities:'''

• Green roofs and permeable pavements increase community interest in green infrastructure through their aesthetic appeal, which provides a great opportunity for public education.

• The installation of permeable pavement and green roofs can provide an opportunity to further educate the public about the benefits of green infrastructure in Iran. Using Green infrastructure method in this site provides an opportunity to develop community awareness and understanding around the importance of sustainable water resource management.

''

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Green infrastructure has typically multiple functions. What could be achieved for your site in this respect?''

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Sect.jpg|Projective section
Image:Pavement 1.jpg|Using Permeable pavement
Image:Img 03.jpg|projective drawing
Image:Pavement2.jpg|projective drawing
Image:Green Roof.jpg|Using Green Roofs instead of sloping natural Roofs
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''100 words approx.''

== Image Gallery ==
''Please add further images/photos here''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:IMG 1993.JPG|Winter 2014, unexpected snow, Daryagooshe street, the north view
Image:IMG 1996.JPG|Winter 2014, unexpected snow, Daryagooshe street, the south view
Image:IMG 1992.JPG|Winter 2014, unexpected snow, Motelghoo beach
Image:IMG 6087.PNG|Motelghoo main road, a rainy day
Image:IMG 5954.JPG|Motelghoo plaza
Image:IMG 6088.PNG|Heavy traffic in holidays, Motelghoo main road
Image:IMG 6081.PNG|Daryagooshe street
Image:IMG 6082.PNG|Daryagooshe street
</gallery>

== References ==

*''please add your references here''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

File:Sect.jpg

2014-11-30T13:01:23Z

Kianik:

Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group K - Case Study 1

2014-11-30T12:58:41Z

Kianik: /* Analytical drawings */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_K|working group K]]

'''''Salman Shahr( Motelghoo), Mazandaran, Iran'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Salman Shahr(Motelghoo)''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Iran''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Salman Shahr(Motelghoo)''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Kimia Kiani''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:IMG 6084.PNG|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=300
|lat=36.709167
|lng=51.19916699999999
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

''Salman Shahr(Motelghoo) is a small city where is located in the north of Iran, between Alborz mountains and Caspian sea. It is a beautiful city with a fabulous scene from mountains to sea although uploaded pictures illustrate only the problems in urban structures in the city.Also the city is chosen by local and foreign tourists as a destination for travelling. Because of its geographical location, the city has a humid and wet weather. So,I have chosen this area as my case study due to its potential for becoming an element for green infrastructure method.As the picture indicates, the city and its urban structure has not been designed for rain storms or heavy snow.For instance, pathways, roads and pavements should be redesigned in the green infrastructure method.''

== Author's perspective ==
''I studied Master of Architecture and Bachelor of Architecture engineering in Iran. I have several years work experiences in designing and researching. Currently I am working in a research office voluntarily. I have done some projects about energy saving in architecture and I am going to continue my studying in a field of sustainability development, specially in design and planning.
I have known Motelghoo since childhood. I and my family have been vacationing in this city most of the time.

New constructions in this city have been bringing considerable population for travelling and living to this but the structure of city, roads and pavements has remained unchanging. ''

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==
*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''

'''Introduction:'''
MAZANDARAN is a Caspian province in the north of Iran, located on the southern coast of the Caspian sea, it is bordered clockwise by the provinces of Golestan to the east, Semnan to the south east, Tehran to the south, Qazvin south west and Gilan by the west.
Mazandaran is one of the most densely populated provinces in Iran and has diverse natural resources, especially large reservoirs of oil and natural gas.
The province covers an area of 23756 Km, equal to 1.46 percent of the country and has a population of 3,000,000 equal to 4 percent of the population of the country. The province also consists of 52 cities, 3600 villages and 45 sections.
There are 18 counties in the province including Sari, Behshahr, Babol, Amol, Qaemshahr, Ramsar, Tonekabon, Chaloos, Noshahr, Noor, Mahmoodabad, Savadkooh, Babolsar, Jooybar, Neka, Behshahr, Galoogah, Fereidoonkenar and Abbas Abad

The province's five largest counties are Sari, Behshahr, Babol, Amol and Qaemshahr. Founded as province in 1937, Mazandaran was declared the second modern province after neighboring Gilan.
The diverse nature of the province features plains, prairies, forests and jungles stretching from the sandy beaches of the Caspian Sea to the rugged and snowcapped Elburz sierra, including Mount Damavand, the highest peak and volcano in the Middle East and Western Asia, which at the narrowest point (Nowshahr County) narrows to 5 miles.
Mazandaran is a major producer of farmed fish and aquaculture provides an important economic addition to traditional dominance of agriculture. Another important contributor to the economy is the tourism industry, as people from all of Iran enjoy visiting the area. Mazandaran is also a fast-growing centre for biotechnology and civil engineering.
Human habitation in the area dates back at least 75,000 years. Recent excavations in Goher Tippe provide proof that the area has been urbanized for more than 5,000 years, and the area is considered one of the most important historical sites of Iran. It has played an important role in cultural and urban development of the region.
Indigenous peoples of the region include the ethnic Mazanderanis speaking an Iranian language which most resembles Gilaki and Sangiseri
Mazandaran province central coordination locates in 36.5656°N 53.0588°E.
The population of the province has been steadily growing during the last 50 years. The population is of Caucasian Iranian stock with a minority of non-native neighboring Turkic tribes (esp. the Turkomen), a sizable Armenian minority and Russian immigrants, mainly from former Soviet republics of Georgia (country), Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan.
The Mazandaran Sea provides a beautiful coastline in north of Sari; northeast of the city is Neka. Qa'emshahr (Formerly known as Shahi) is to its southwest, Juybar is to its northwest, and Kiyasar, Damghan, and Semnan are in the south part of Sari.
Sari is the provincial capital of Mazandaran, located in the north of Iran, between the northern slopes of the Alborz Mountains and southern coast of Caspian (Mazandaran) Sea. Its population is estimated to be 261,293, as of 2006. It has a land area of 5,089 square kilometers. Sari is one of the entertainment and sports centers of Iran.

'''Geography and Climate:'''
Mazandaran province is geographically divided into two parts: the coastal plains, and the mountainous areas. The Alborz Mountain Range surrounds the coastal strip and plains of the Caspian Sea like a huge barrier.
There is often snowfall during most of the seasons in the Alborz regions, which run parallel to the Caspian Sea's southern coast, dividing the province into many isolated valleys. The province enjoys a moderate, subtropical climate with an average temperature of 25 °C in summer and about 8 °C in winter. Although snow may fall heavily in the mountains in winter, it rarely falls around sea lines.
There is often snowfall during most of the seasons in the Alborz regions, which run parallel to the Caspian Sea's southern coast, dividing the province into many isolated valleys. The province enjoys a moderate, subtropical climate with an average temperature of 25 °C in summer and about 8 °C in winter. Although snow may fall heavily in the mountains in winter, it rarely falls around sea lines. (http://www.mazandaran.rmto.ir/)

'''About Salman Shahr (Motelghoo):'''
Salman Shahr (formerly, Motel Qū (Persian: متل قو/ سلمان شهر) and Saqikelayeh (Persian: ساقيكِلايِه) is a city in and capital of Salman Shahr, Abbasabad District, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 9,592, in 2,605 families. Salman Shahr is located 30 kilometres (19 mi) east of Tonekabon en route to the city of Chaloos.
Salman Shar is the new name for this city after the Islamic revolution. In the past, the city was called Saghi Kelaye and was also named after its famous hotel Motel Ghoo or Motel Qu (Swan Motel). Salman Shar city is a new settlement that was established in 1961 which was incorporated as a municipality in 1962.
In the late 2000s the major development and construction projects called "Ghoo" or "Diamond of the Middle East" were kicked off. The core of this project is built in the same place as where motel Ghoo was located.(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salman_Shahr_District)

''

'''History
Pre Islamic History:'''
The region is known to have been populated from early antiquity, and Mazandaran has changed hands among various dynasties from early in its history. There are several fortresses remaining from Parthian and Sassanid times, and many older cemeteries scattered throughout the province. During this era, Mazandaran was part of Hyrcania Province which was one of important provinces.
With the advent of the Sassanid dynasty, the King of Mazandaran (Tabaristan andPadashkhwargar) was Gushnasp, whose ancestors had reigned in the area (under the Parthian empire) since the time of Alexandar. In 529-536 Mazandarn was ruled by Sassanid prince Kawus son of Kawadh. Anushirawan, the Sassanid king, put in his place Zarmihr, who claimed his ancestry from the legendary blacksmith Kaveh. This dynasty ruled till 645 A.D., when Gil Gilanshah (a descendant of the Sassanid king Jamasp and a son of Piruz) joined Mazandaran to Gilan. These families had descendants who ruled during the Islamic period.

'''Mazandaran Today,
General:'''
The culture of Mazandaran is closely related to that of neighboring Gilan (or Guilan) and similarities between the two are abundant. The cuisine of the province is very rich in seafood due to its location by the Caspian Sea, and rice is present in virtually every meal. Indeed, the rest of Iran was introduced to rice through Gilan and Mazandaran. Before the 1800s, Persians, Kurds, and other Iranian ethnic groups used bread rather than rice as an accompaniment to their meals, though bread remains a prominent staple among them. While bread remains very popular among those groups, in Gilan and Mazandaran, rice remains the choice staple of the indigenous inhabitants.
Mazanderani or Tabarian is a Northwestern Iranian language. Various Mazandarani's dialects exist which are spoken in Mazandaran province and the neighbour province Golestan such as Mazanderani, and Gorgani. Also, Qadikolahi (Ghadikolahi) and Palani may be dialects. Mazandarani mostly resemble Gilaki. Today, Mazandaranis also use Persian (Western Persian). The educated can communicate and read Persian well.
A dialect of Azeri is spoken in the town of Galoogah
In Persian epic, Shahnameh, Mazandaran is mentioned in two different sections. First time implicitly, when Fereydun sets its capital in a city called Tamishe near Amol:
Under the title, and when Manuchehr is returning to Fereydun's capital, Tamisheh in Mazandaran (known as Tabarestan), after victory over Salm and Tur:
In the second section, a region called Mazandaran is mentioned at Kai Kavoos era frequently, it is an area which is mostly inhabited by Div (demons). The legendary Iranian Shah Kaykavoos as well as the Iranian hero Rostam each take turn to go to Mazandaran in order to battle the demons.
A famous verse from Shahnameh is when Zal tells Kai Kavoos:
"I heard troubling news that the king is planning to go to Mazandaran"
However, this Mazandaran is not considered identical to the modern province of Mazandaran, and is instead a land to the west of Iran. The current province was simply considered a part of Tabaristan; the name Mazandaran is a later development, perhaps based upon local terminology.

'''Economy:'''
Having sea, jungle and tourism all together has made the province one of the 5 wealthiest in Iran in terms of GDP and net worth. The recent explored oil resources will make the status even better by attracting new investment in the field. Rice, grain, fruits, cotton, tea, tobacco, sugarcane, and silk are produced in the lowland strip along the Caspian shore. Oil wealth has stimulated industries in food processing, cement, textiles, cotton, and fishing (caviar).
Suitable environmental conditions, pleasant and moderate climate, beautiful natural landscapes, and proximity to Tehran, have led the province to be one of the main recreational and tourism areas of Iran.
Iran's Cultural Heritage Organization lists close to 630 sites of historical and cultural significance, hence a wealth of tourist attractions. (http://www.mazandaran.rmto.ir/)''

*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Location; Mazandaran, Iran.jpg|Location; Mazandaran, Iran
Image:Salman Shahr ( Motelghoo); Bird view.jpg|Salman Shahr ( Motelghoo); Bird view
Image:Temprature and Climate Graphs.jpg|Temprature and Climate Graphs
Image:Average Temprature and Rainfall.jpg|Average Temprature and Rainfall
Image:Daryagooshe; Main street.jpg|Daryagooshe; Main street
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Case study 1- Motelghoo, a city where is located in the north of Iran.jpeg|Pavements and streets instructions has not been designed for storm waters, so it has caused a lot of problem as can be seen.
Image:Daryagooshe pavements; Potential for Green infrastructure designing .jpg|Daryagooshe pavements; Potential for Green infrastructure designing
Image:Daryagooshe green space; Potential for Green infrastructure designing.jpg|Daryagooshe green space; Potential for Green infrastructure designing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''
'''Using Permeable pavements,'''

'''Benefits for this site:'''

'''Reduces Storm water Runoff:'''

• Permeable pavement reduces surface runoff volumes and rates by allowing storm water to infiltrate underlying soils.

• By reducing runoff volumes and rates, permeable pavement can lower water treatment costs and reduce flooding and erosion.

'''Increases Groundwater Recharge:'''

• By allowing rainfall to infiltrate, permeable pavement can help increase groundwater recharge.

'''Reduces Energy Use:'''

• The use of permeable pavements also has the potential to reduce energy use by lowering surrounding air temperatures, which in turn reduces demand on cooling systems within buildings.

'''Improves Air Quality:'''

• Because permeable pavement captures rainfall onsite, communities can reduce the amount of water treatment needed, in turn reducing air pollution from power plants.

• By reducing the urban heat island effect, permeable pavement decreases ground level ozone formation, which directly impacts air quality.

'''Reduces Urban Heat Island:'''

• Permeable pavement absorbs less heat than conventional pavement, which helps to reduce the surrounding air temperature and decrease the amount of energy needed for cooling.

'''Using Green Roofs,'''

'''Benefits for this site:'''

'''Reduces Storm water Runoff:'''

• Green roofs can store significant amounts of water in their growing media. This water is eventually evaporated from the soil or transpired by the plants on the roof, thus reducing the runoff entering sewer systems and waterways, which can help alleviate the risk of combined sewer overflows (CSO).

'''Reduces Energy Use:'''

• Additional insulation provided by the growing media of a green roof can reduce a building’s energy consumption by providing superior insulation compared to conventional roofing materials.

• Evaporative cooling from water retained in the growing media reduces roof surface temperatures during hot days.

'''Reduces Urban Heat Island:'''

• The local evaporative cooling provided by green roofs can reduce elevated temperatures present in urban areas as a result of heat-absorbing surfaces such as streets and conventional roofs.

'''Improves Community Livability:'''

• Green roofs improve the local aesthetics of a community.

• Green roofs can increase recreational opportunities by providing outdoor areas for people to use and enjoy. They also have the potential to foster improved community interactions that help build social capital.

• Green roofs may also provide opportunities for urban agriculture.

'''Cultivates Public Education Opportunities:'''

• Green roofs and permeable pavements increase community interest in green infrastructure through their aesthetic appeal, which provides a great opportunity for public education.

• The installation of permeable pavement and green roofs can provide an opportunity to further educate the public about the benefits of green infrastructure in Iran. Using Green infrastructure method in this site provides an opportunity to develop community awareness and understanding around the importance of sustainable water resource management.

''

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Green infrastructure has typically multiple functions. What could be achieved for your site in this respect?''

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Section, pavement.jpg|Projective section
Image:Pavement 1.jpg|Using Permeable pavement
Image:Img 03.jpg|projective drawing
Image:Pavement2.jpg|projective drawing
Image:Green Roof.jpg|Using Green Roofs instead of sloping natural Roofs
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''100 words approx.''

== Image Gallery ==
''Please add further images/photos here''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:IMG 1993.JPG|Winter 2014, unexpected snow, Daryagooshe street, the north view
Image:IMG 1996.JPG|Winter 2014, unexpected snow, Daryagooshe street, the south view
Image:IMG 1992.JPG|Winter 2014, unexpected snow, Motelghoo beach
Image:IMG 6087.PNG|Motelghoo main road, a rainy day
Image:IMG 5954.JPG|Motelghoo plaza
Image:IMG 6088.PNG|Heavy traffic in holidays, Motelghoo main road
Image:IMG 6081.PNG|Daryagooshe street
Image:IMG 6082.PNG|Daryagooshe street
</gallery>

== References ==

*''please add your references here''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group K - Case Study 1

2014-11-30T12:58:14Z

Kianik: /* Projective drawings */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_K|working group K]]

'''''Salman Shahr( Motelghoo), Mazandaran, Iran'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Salman Shahr(Motelghoo)''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Iran''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Salman Shahr(Motelghoo)''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Kimia Kiani''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:IMG 6084.PNG|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=300
|lat=36.709167
|lng=51.19916699999999
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

''Salman Shahr(Motelghoo) is a small city where is located in the north of Iran, between Alborz mountains and Caspian sea. It is a beautiful city with a fabulous scene from mountains to sea although uploaded pictures illustrate only the problems in urban structures in the city.Also the city is chosen by local and foreign tourists as a destination for travelling. Because of its geographical location, the city has a humid and wet weather. So,I have chosen this area as my case study due to its potential for becoming an element for green infrastructure method.As the picture indicates, the city and its urban structure has not been designed for rain storms or heavy snow.For instance, pathways, roads and pavements should be redesigned in the green infrastructure method.''

== Author's perspective ==
''I studied Master of Architecture and Bachelor of Architecture engineering in Iran. I have several years work experiences in designing and researching. Currently I am working in a research office voluntarily. I have done some projects about energy saving in architecture and I am going to continue my studying in a field of sustainability development, specially in design and planning.
I have known Motelghoo since childhood. I and my family have been vacationing in this city most of the time.

New constructions in this city have been bringing considerable population for travelling and living to this but the structure of city, roads and pavements has remained unchanging. ''

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==
*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''

'''Introduction:'''
MAZANDARAN is a Caspian province in the north of Iran, located on the southern coast of the Caspian sea, it is bordered clockwise by the provinces of Golestan to the east, Semnan to the south east, Tehran to the south, Qazvin south west and Gilan by the west.
Mazandaran is one of the most densely populated provinces in Iran and has diverse natural resources, especially large reservoirs of oil and natural gas.
The province covers an area of 23756 Km, equal to 1.46 percent of the country and has a population of 3,000,000 equal to 4 percent of the population of the country. The province also consists of 52 cities, 3600 villages and 45 sections.
There are 18 counties in the province including Sari, Behshahr, Babol, Amol, Qaemshahr, Ramsar, Tonekabon, Chaloos, Noshahr, Noor, Mahmoodabad, Savadkooh, Babolsar, Jooybar, Neka, Behshahr, Galoogah, Fereidoonkenar and Abbas Abad

The province's five largest counties are Sari, Behshahr, Babol, Amol and Qaemshahr. Founded as province in 1937, Mazandaran was declared the second modern province after neighboring Gilan.
The diverse nature of the province features plains, prairies, forests and jungles stretching from the sandy beaches of the Caspian Sea to the rugged and snowcapped Elburz sierra, including Mount Damavand, the highest peak and volcano in the Middle East and Western Asia, which at the narrowest point (Nowshahr County) narrows to 5 miles.
Mazandaran is a major producer of farmed fish and aquaculture provides an important economic addition to traditional dominance of agriculture. Another important contributor to the economy is the tourism industry, as people from all of Iran enjoy visiting the area. Mazandaran is also a fast-growing centre for biotechnology and civil engineering.
Human habitation in the area dates back at least 75,000 years. Recent excavations in Goher Tippe provide proof that the area has been urbanized for more than 5,000 years, and the area is considered one of the most important historical sites of Iran. It has played an important role in cultural and urban development of the region.
Indigenous peoples of the region include the ethnic Mazanderanis speaking an Iranian language which most resembles Gilaki and Sangiseri
Mazandaran province central coordination locates in 36.5656°N 53.0588°E.
The population of the province has been steadily growing during the last 50 years. The population is of Caucasian Iranian stock with a minority of non-native neighboring Turkic tribes (esp. the Turkomen), a sizable Armenian minority and Russian immigrants, mainly from former Soviet republics of Georgia (country), Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan.
The Mazandaran Sea provides a beautiful coastline in north of Sari; northeast of the city is Neka. Qa'emshahr (Formerly known as Shahi) is to its southwest, Juybar is to its northwest, and Kiyasar, Damghan, and Semnan are in the south part of Sari.
Sari is the provincial capital of Mazandaran, located in the north of Iran, between the northern slopes of the Alborz Mountains and southern coast of Caspian (Mazandaran) Sea. Its population is estimated to be 261,293, as of 2006. It has a land area of 5,089 square kilometers. Sari is one of the entertainment and sports centers of Iran.

'''Geography and Climate:'''
Mazandaran province is geographically divided into two parts: the coastal plains, and the mountainous areas. The Alborz Mountain Range surrounds the coastal strip and plains of the Caspian Sea like a huge barrier.
There is often snowfall during most of the seasons in the Alborz regions, which run parallel to the Caspian Sea's southern coast, dividing the province into many isolated valleys. The province enjoys a moderate, subtropical climate with an average temperature of 25 °C in summer and about 8 °C in winter. Although snow may fall heavily in the mountains in winter, it rarely falls around sea lines.
There is often snowfall during most of the seasons in the Alborz regions, which run parallel to the Caspian Sea's southern coast, dividing the province into many isolated valleys. The province enjoys a moderate, subtropical climate with an average temperature of 25 °C in summer and about 8 °C in winter. Although snow may fall heavily in the mountains in winter, it rarely falls around sea lines. (http://www.mazandaran.rmto.ir/)

'''About Salman Shahr (Motelghoo):'''
Salman Shahr (formerly, Motel Qū (Persian: متل قو/ سلمان شهر) and Saqikelayeh (Persian: ساقيكِلايِه) is a city in and capital of Salman Shahr, Abbasabad District, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 9,592, in 2,605 families. Salman Shahr is located 30 kilometres (19 mi) east of Tonekabon en route to the city of Chaloos.
Salman Shar is the new name for this city after the Islamic revolution. In the past, the city was called Saghi Kelaye and was also named after its famous hotel Motel Ghoo or Motel Qu (Swan Motel). Salman Shar city is a new settlement that was established in 1961 which was incorporated as a municipality in 1962.
In the late 2000s the major development and construction projects called "Ghoo" or "Diamond of the Middle East" were kicked off. The core of this project is built in the same place as where motel Ghoo was located.(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salman_Shahr_District)

''

'''History
Pre Islamic History:'''
The region is known to have been populated from early antiquity, and Mazandaran has changed hands among various dynasties from early in its history. There are several fortresses remaining from Parthian and Sassanid times, and many older cemeteries scattered throughout the province. During this era, Mazandaran was part of Hyrcania Province which was one of important provinces.
With the advent of the Sassanid dynasty, the King of Mazandaran (Tabaristan andPadashkhwargar) was Gushnasp, whose ancestors had reigned in the area (under the Parthian empire) since the time of Alexandar. In 529-536 Mazandarn was ruled by Sassanid prince Kawus son of Kawadh. Anushirawan, the Sassanid king, put in his place Zarmihr, who claimed his ancestry from the legendary blacksmith Kaveh. This dynasty ruled till 645 A.D., when Gil Gilanshah (a descendant of the Sassanid king Jamasp and a son of Piruz) joined Mazandaran to Gilan. These families had descendants who ruled during the Islamic period.

'''Mazandaran Today,
General:'''
The culture of Mazandaran is closely related to that of neighboring Gilan (or Guilan) and similarities between the two are abundant. The cuisine of the province is very rich in seafood due to its location by the Caspian Sea, and rice is present in virtually every meal. Indeed, the rest of Iran was introduced to rice through Gilan and Mazandaran. Before the 1800s, Persians, Kurds, and other Iranian ethnic groups used bread rather than rice as an accompaniment to their meals, though bread remains a prominent staple among them. While bread remains very popular among those groups, in Gilan and Mazandaran, rice remains the choice staple of the indigenous inhabitants.
Mazanderani or Tabarian is a Northwestern Iranian language. Various Mazandarani's dialects exist which are spoken in Mazandaran province and the neighbour province Golestan such as Mazanderani, and Gorgani. Also, Qadikolahi (Ghadikolahi) and Palani may be dialects. Mazandarani mostly resemble Gilaki. Today, Mazandaranis also use Persian (Western Persian). The educated can communicate and read Persian well.
A dialect of Azeri is spoken in the town of Galoogah
In Persian epic, Shahnameh, Mazandaran is mentioned in two different sections. First time implicitly, when Fereydun sets its capital in a city called Tamishe near Amol:
Under the title, and when Manuchehr is returning to Fereydun's capital, Tamisheh in Mazandaran (known as Tabarestan), after victory over Salm and Tur:
In the second section, a region called Mazandaran is mentioned at Kai Kavoos era frequently, it is an area which is mostly inhabited by Div (demons). The legendary Iranian Shah Kaykavoos as well as the Iranian hero Rostam each take turn to go to Mazandaran in order to battle the demons.
A famous verse from Shahnameh is when Zal tells Kai Kavoos:
"I heard troubling news that the king is planning to go to Mazandaran"
However, this Mazandaran is not considered identical to the modern province of Mazandaran, and is instead a land to the west of Iran. The current province was simply considered a part of Tabaristan; the name Mazandaran is a later development, perhaps based upon local terminology.

'''Economy:'''
Having sea, jungle and tourism all together has made the province one of the 5 wealthiest in Iran in terms of GDP and net worth. The recent explored oil resources will make the status even better by attracting new investment in the field. Rice, grain, fruits, cotton, tea, tobacco, sugarcane, and silk are produced in the lowland strip along the Caspian shore. Oil wealth has stimulated industries in food processing, cement, textiles, cotton, and fishing (caviar).
Suitable environmental conditions, pleasant and moderate climate, beautiful natural landscapes, and proximity to Tehran, have led the province to be one of the main recreational and tourism areas of Iran.
Iran's Cultural Heritage Organization lists close to 630 sites of historical and cultural significance, hence a wealth of tourist attractions. (http://www.mazandaran.rmto.ir/)''

*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Location; Mazandaran, Iran.jpg|Location; Mazandaran, Iran
Image:Salman Shahr ( Motelghoo); Bird view.jpg|Salman Shahr ( Motelghoo); Bird view
Image:Temprature and Climate Graphs.jpg|Temprature and Climate Graphs
Image:Average Temprature and Rainfall.jpg|Average Temprature and Rainfall
Image:Daryagooshe; Main street.jpg|Daryagooshe; Main street
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Case study 1- Motelghoo, a city where is located in the north of Iran.jpeg|Pavements and streets instructions has not been designed for storm waters, so it has caused a lot of problem as can be seen.
Image:Daryagooshe pavements; Potential for Green infrastructure designing .jpg|Daryagooshe pavements; Potential for Green infrastructure designing
Image:Daryagooshe green space; Potential for Green infrastructure designing.jpg|Daryagooshe green space; Potential for Green infrastructure designing
Image:Green Roof.jpg|Using Green Roofs instead of sloping natural Roofs
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''
'''Using Permeable pavements,'''

'''Benefits for this site:'''

'''Reduces Storm water Runoff:'''

• Permeable pavement reduces surface runoff volumes and rates by allowing storm water to infiltrate underlying soils.

• By reducing runoff volumes and rates, permeable pavement can lower water treatment costs and reduce flooding and erosion.

'''Increases Groundwater Recharge:'''

• By allowing rainfall to infiltrate, permeable pavement can help increase groundwater recharge.

'''Reduces Energy Use:'''

• The use of permeable pavements also has the potential to reduce energy use by lowering surrounding air temperatures, which in turn reduces demand on cooling systems within buildings.

'''Improves Air Quality:'''

• Because permeable pavement captures rainfall onsite, communities can reduce the amount of water treatment needed, in turn reducing air pollution from power plants.

• By reducing the urban heat island effect, permeable pavement decreases ground level ozone formation, which directly impacts air quality.

'''Reduces Urban Heat Island:'''

• Permeable pavement absorbs less heat than conventional pavement, which helps to reduce the surrounding air temperature and decrease the amount of energy needed for cooling.

'''Using Green Roofs,'''

'''Benefits for this site:'''

'''Reduces Storm water Runoff:'''

• Green roofs can store significant amounts of water in their growing media. This water is eventually evaporated from the soil or transpired by the plants on the roof, thus reducing the runoff entering sewer systems and waterways, which can help alleviate the risk of combined sewer overflows (CSO).

'''Reduces Energy Use:'''

• Additional insulation provided by the growing media of a green roof can reduce a building’s energy consumption by providing superior insulation compared to conventional roofing materials.

• Evaporative cooling from water retained in the growing media reduces roof surface temperatures during hot days.

'''Reduces Urban Heat Island:'''

• The local evaporative cooling provided by green roofs can reduce elevated temperatures present in urban areas as a result of heat-absorbing surfaces such as streets and conventional roofs.

'''Improves Community Livability:'''

• Green roofs improve the local aesthetics of a community.

• Green roofs can increase recreational opportunities by providing outdoor areas for people to use and enjoy. They also have the potential to foster improved community interactions that help build social capital.

• Green roofs may also provide opportunities for urban agriculture.

'''Cultivates Public Education Opportunities:'''

• Green roofs and permeable pavements increase community interest in green infrastructure through their aesthetic appeal, which provides a great opportunity for public education.

• The installation of permeable pavement and green roofs can provide an opportunity to further educate the public about the benefits of green infrastructure in Iran. Using Green infrastructure method in this site provides an opportunity to develop community awareness and understanding around the importance of sustainable water resource management.

''

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Green infrastructure has typically multiple functions. What could be achieved for your site in this respect?''

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Section, pavement.jpg|Projective section
Image:Pavement 1.jpg|Using Permeable pavement
Image:Img 03.jpg|projective drawing
Image:Pavement2.jpg|projective drawing
Image:Green Roof.jpg|Using Green Roofs instead of sloping natural Roofs
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''100 words approx.''

== Image Gallery ==
''Please add further images/photos here''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:IMG 1993.JPG|Winter 2014, unexpected snow, Daryagooshe street, the north view
Image:IMG 1996.JPG|Winter 2014, unexpected snow, Daryagooshe street, the south view
Image:IMG 1992.JPG|Winter 2014, unexpected snow, Motelghoo beach
Image:IMG 6087.PNG|Motelghoo main road, a rainy day
Image:IMG 5954.JPG|Motelghoo plaza
Image:IMG 6088.PNG|Heavy traffic in holidays, Motelghoo main road
Image:IMG 6081.PNG|Daryagooshe street
Image:IMG 6082.PNG|Daryagooshe street
</gallery>

== References ==

*''please add your references here''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group K - Case Study 1

2014-11-30T12:55:09Z

Kianik: /* Analytical drawings */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_K|working group K]]

'''''Salman Shahr( Motelghoo), Mazandaran, Iran'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Salman Shahr(Motelghoo)''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Iran''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Salman Shahr(Motelghoo)''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Kimia Kiani''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:IMG 6084.PNG|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=300
|lat=36.709167
|lng=51.19916699999999
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

''Salman Shahr(Motelghoo) is a small city where is located in the north of Iran, between Alborz mountains and Caspian sea. It is a beautiful city with a fabulous scene from mountains to sea although uploaded pictures illustrate only the problems in urban structures in the city.Also the city is chosen by local and foreign tourists as a destination for travelling. Because of its geographical location, the city has a humid and wet weather. So,I have chosen this area as my case study due to its potential for becoming an element for green infrastructure method.As the picture indicates, the city and its urban structure has not been designed for rain storms or heavy snow.For instance, pathways, roads and pavements should be redesigned in the green infrastructure method.''

== Author's perspective ==
''I studied Master of Architecture and Bachelor of Architecture engineering in Iran. I have several years work experiences in designing and researching. Currently I am working in a research office voluntarily. I have done some projects about energy saving in architecture and I am going to continue my studying in a field of sustainability development, specially in design and planning.
I have known Motelghoo since childhood. I and my family have been vacationing in this city most of the time.

New constructions in this city have been bringing considerable population for travelling and living to this but the structure of city, roads and pavements has remained unchanging. ''

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==
*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''

'''Introduction:'''
MAZANDARAN is a Caspian province in the north of Iran, located on the southern coast of the Caspian sea, it is bordered clockwise by the provinces of Golestan to the east, Semnan to the south east, Tehran to the south, Qazvin south west and Gilan by the west.
Mazandaran is one of the most densely populated provinces in Iran and has diverse natural resources, especially large reservoirs of oil and natural gas.
The province covers an area of 23756 Km, equal to 1.46 percent of the country and has a population of 3,000,000 equal to 4 percent of the population of the country. The province also consists of 52 cities, 3600 villages and 45 sections.
There are 18 counties in the province including Sari, Behshahr, Babol, Amol, Qaemshahr, Ramsar, Tonekabon, Chaloos, Noshahr, Noor, Mahmoodabad, Savadkooh, Babolsar, Jooybar, Neka, Behshahr, Galoogah, Fereidoonkenar and Abbas Abad

The province's five largest counties are Sari, Behshahr, Babol, Amol and Qaemshahr. Founded as province in 1937, Mazandaran was declared the second modern province after neighboring Gilan.
The diverse nature of the province features plains, prairies, forests and jungles stretching from the sandy beaches of the Caspian Sea to the rugged and snowcapped Elburz sierra, including Mount Damavand, the highest peak and volcano in the Middle East and Western Asia, which at the narrowest point (Nowshahr County) narrows to 5 miles.
Mazandaran is a major producer of farmed fish and aquaculture provides an important economic addition to traditional dominance of agriculture. Another important contributor to the economy is the tourism industry, as people from all of Iran enjoy visiting the area. Mazandaran is also a fast-growing centre for biotechnology and civil engineering.
Human habitation in the area dates back at least 75,000 years. Recent excavations in Goher Tippe provide proof that the area has been urbanized for more than 5,000 years, and the area is considered one of the most important historical sites of Iran. It has played an important role in cultural and urban development of the region.
Indigenous peoples of the region include the ethnic Mazanderanis speaking an Iranian language which most resembles Gilaki and Sangiseri
Mazandaran province central coordination locates in 36.5656°N 53.0588°E.
The population of the province has been steadily growing during the last 50 years. The population is of Caucasian Iranian stock with a minority of non-native neighboring Turkic tribes (esp. the Turkomen), a sizable Armenian minority and Russian immigrants, mainly from former Soviet republics of Georgia (country), Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan.
The Mazandaran Sea provides a beautiful coastline in north of Sari; northeast of the city is Neka. Qa'emshahr (Formerly known as Shahi) is to its southwest, Juybar is to its northwest, and Kiyasar, Damghan, and Semnan are in the south part of Sari.
Sari is the provincial capital of Mazandaran, located in the north of Iran, between the northern slopes of the Alborz Mountains and southern coast of Caspian (Mazandaran) Sea. Its population is estimated to be 261,293, as of 2006. It has a land area of 5,089 square kilometers. Sari is one of the entertainment and sports centers of Iran.

'''Geography and Climate:'''
Mazandaran province is geographically divided into two parts: the coastal plains, and the mountainous areas. The Alborz Mountain Range surrounds the coastal strip and plains of the Caspian Sea like a huge barrier.
There is often snowfall during most of the seasons in the Alborz regions, which run parallel to the Caspian Sea's southern coast, dividing the province into many isolated valleys. The province enjoys a moderate, subtropical climate with an average temperature of 25 °C in summer and about 8 °C in winter. Although snow may fall heavily in the mountains in winter, it rarely falls around sea lines.
There is often snowfall during most of the seasons in the Alborz regions, which run parallel to the Caspian Sea's southern coast, dividing the province into many isolated valleys. The province enjoys a moderate, subtropical climate with an average temperature of 25 °C in summer and about 8 °C in winter. Although snow may fall heavily in the mountains in winter, it rarely falls around sea lines. (http://www.mazandaran.rmto.ir/)

'''About Salman Shahr (Motelghoo):'''
Salman Shahr (formerly, Motel Qū (Persian: متل قو/ سلمان شهر) and Saqikelayeh (Persian: ساقيكِلايِه) is a city in and capital of Salman Shahr, Abbasabad District, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 9,592, in 2,605 families. Salman Shahr is located 30 kilometres (19 mi) east of Tonekabon en route to the city of Chaloos.
Salman Shar is the new name for this city after the Islamic revolution. In the past, the city was called Saghi Kelaye and was also named after its famous hotel Motel Ghoo or Motel Qu (Swan Motel). Salman Shar city is a new settlement that was established in 1961 which was incorporated as a municipality in 1962.
In the late 2000s the major development and construction projects called "Ghoo" or "Diamond of the Middle East" were kicked off. The core of this project is built in the same place as where motel Ghoo was located.(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salman_Shahr_District)

''

'''History
Pre Islamic History:'''
The region is known to have been populated from early antiquity, and Mazandaran has changed hands among various dynasties from early in its history. There are several fortresses remaining from Parthian and Sassanid times, and many older cemeteries scattered throughout the province. During this era, Mazandaran was part of Hyrcania Province which was one of important provinces.
With the advent of the Sassanid dynasty, the King of Mazandaran (Tabaristan andPadashkhwargar) was Gushnasp, whose ancestors had reigned in the area (under the Parthian empire) since the time of Alexandar. In 529-536 Mazandarn was ruled by Sassanid prince Kawus son of Kawadh. Anushirawan, the Sassanid king, put in his place Zarmihr, who claimed his ancestry from the legendary blacksmith Kaveh. This dynasty ruled till 645 A.D., when Gil Gilanshah (a descendant of the Sassanid king Jamasp and a son of Piruz) joined Mazandaran to Gilan. These families had descendants who ruled during the Islamic period.

'''Mazandaran Today,
General:'''
The culture of Mazandaran is closely related to that of neighboring Gilan (or Guilan) and similarities between the two are abundant. The cuisine of the province is very rich in seafood due to its location by the Caspian Sea, and rice is present in virtually every meal. Indeed, the rest of Iran was introduced to rice through Gilan and Mazandaran. Before the 1800s, Persians, Kurds, and other Iranian ethnic groups used bread rather than rice as an accompaniment to their meals, though bread remains a prominent staple among them. While bread remains very popular among those groups, in Gilan and Mazandaran, rice remains the choice staple of the indigenous inhabitants.
Mazanderani or Tabarian is a Northwestern Iranian language. Various Mazandarani's dialects exist which are spoken in Mazandaran province and the neighbour province Golestan such as Mazanderani, and Gorgani. Also, Qadikolahi (Ghadikolahi) and Palani may be dialects. Mazandarani mostly resemble Gilaki. Today, Mazandaranis also use Persian (Western Persian). The educated can communicate and read Persian well.
A dialect of Azeri is spoken in the town of Galoogah
In Persian epic, Shahnameh, Mazandaran is mentioned in two different sections. First time implicitly, when Fereydun sets its capital in a city called Tamishe near Amol:
Under the title, and when Manuchehr is returning to Fereydun's capital, Tamisheh in Mazandaran (known as Tabarestan), after victory over Salm and Tur:
In the second section, a region called Mazandaran is mentioned at Kai Kavoos era frequently, it is an area which is mostly inhabited by Div (demons). The legendary Iranian Shah Kaykavoos as well as the Iranian hero Rostam each take turn to go to Mazandaran in order to battle the demons.
A famous verse from Shahnameh is when Zal tells Kai Kavoos:
"I heard troubling news that the king is planning to go to Mazandaran"
However, this Mazandaran is not considered identical to the modern province of Mazandaran, and is instead a land to the west of Iran. The current province was simply considered a part of Tabaristan; the name Mazandaran is a later development, perhaps based upon local terminology.

'''Economy:'''
Having sea, jungle and tourism all together has made the province one of the 5 wealthiest in Iran in terms of GDP and net worth. The recent explored oil resources will make the status even better by attracting new investment in the field. Rice, grain, fruits, cotton, tea, tobacco, sugarcane, and silk are produced in the lowland strip along the Caspian shore. Oil wealth has stimulated industries in food processing, cement, textiles, cotton, and fishing (caviar).
Suitable environmental conditions, pleasant and moderate climate, beautiful natural landscapes, and proximity to Tehran, have led the province to be one of the main recreational and tourism areas of Iran.
Iran's Cultural Heritage Organization lists close to 630 sites of historical and cultural significance, hence a wealth of tourist attractions. (http://www.mazandaran.rmto.ir/)''

*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Location; Mazandaran, Iran.jpg|Location; Mazandaran, Iran
Image:Salman Shahr ( Motelghoo); Bird view.jpg|Salman Shahr ( Motelghoo); Bird view
Image:Temprature and Climate Graphs.jpg|Temprature and Climate Graphs
Image:Average Temprature and Rainfall.jpg|Average Temprature and Rainfall
Image:Daryagooshe; Main street.jpg|Daryagooshe; Main street
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Case study 1- Motelghoo, a city where is located in the north of Iran.jpeg|Pavements and streets instructions has not been designed for storm waters, so it has caused a lot of problem as can be seen.
Image:Daryagooshe pavements; Potential for Green infrastructure designing .jpg|Daryagooshe pavements; Potential for Green infrastructure designing
Image:Daryagooshe green space; Potential for Green infrastructure designing.jpg|Daryagooshe green space; Potential for Green infrastructure designing
Image:Green Roof.jpg|Using Green Roofs instead of sloping natural Roofs
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''
'''Using Permeable pavements,'''

'''Benefits for this site:'''

'''Reduces Storm water Runoff:'''

• Permeable pavement reduces surface runoff volumes and rates by allowing storm water to infiltrate underlying soils.

• By reducing runoff volumes and rates, permeable pavement can lower water treatment costs and reduce flooding and erosion.

'''Increases Groundwater Recharge:'''

• By allowing rainfall to infiltrate, permeable pavement can help increase groundwater recharge.

'''Reduces Energy Use:'''

• The use of permeable pavements also has the potential to reduce energy use by lowering surrounding air temperatures, which in turn reduces demand on cooling systems within buildings.

'''Improves Air Quality:'''

• Because permeable pavement captures rainfall onsite, communities can reduce the amount of water treatment needed, in turn reducing air pollution from power plants.

• By reducing the urban heat island effect, permeable pavement decreases ground level ozone formation, which directly impacts air quality.

'''Reduces Urban Heat Island:'''

• Permeable pavement absorbs less heat than conventional pavement, which helps to reduce the surrounding air temperature and decrease the amount of energy needed for cooling.

'''Using Green Roofs,'''

'''Benefits for this site:'''

'''Reduces Storm water Runoff:'''

• Green roofs can store significant amounts of water in their growing media. This water is eventually evaporated from the soil or transpired by the plants on the roof, thus reducing the runoff entering sewer systems and waterways, which can help alleviate the risk of combined sewer overflows (CSO).

'''Reduces Energy Use:'''

• Additional insulation provided by the growing media of a green roof can reduce a building’s energy consumption by providing superior insulation compared to conventional roofing materials.

• Evaporative cooling from water retained in the growing media reduces roof surface temperatures during hot days.

'''Reduces Urban Heat Island:'''

• The local evaporative cooling provided by green roofs can reduce elevated temperatures present in urban areas as a result of heat-absorbing surfaces such as streets and conventional roofs.

'''Improves Community Livability:'''

• Green roofs improve the local aesthetics of a community.

• Green roofs can increase recreational opportunities by providing outdoor areas for people to use and enjoy. They also have the potential to foster improved community interactions that help build social capital.

• Green roofs may also provide opportunities for urban agriculture.

'''Cultivates Public Education Opportunities:'''

• Green roofs and permeable pavements increase community interest in green infrastructure through their aesthetic appeal, which provides a great opportunity for public education.

• The installation of permeable pavement and green roofs can provide an opportunity to further educate the public about the benefits of green infrastructure in Iran. Using Green infrastructure method in this site provides an opportunity to develop community awareness and understanding around the importance of sustainable water resource management.

''

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Green infrastructure has typically multiple functions. What could be achieved for your site in this respect?''

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Section, pavement.jpg|Projective section
Image:Pavement 1.jpg|Using Permeable pavement
Image:Img 03.jpg|projective drawing
Image:Pavement2.jpg|projective drawing
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''100 words approx.''

== Image Gallery ==
''Please add further images/photos here''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:IMG 1993.JPG|Winter 2014, unexpected snow, Daryagooshe street, the north view
Image:IMG 1996.JPG|Winter 2014, unexpected snow, Daryagooshe street, the south view
Image:IMG 1992.JPG|Winter 2014, unexpected snow, Motelghoo beach
Image:IMG 6087.PNG|Motelghoo main road, a rainy day
Image:IMG 5954.JPG|Motelghoo plaza
Image:IMG 6088.PNG|Heavy traffic in holidays, Motelghoo main road
Image:IMG 6081.PNG|Daryagooshe street
Image:IMG 6082.PNG|Daryagooshe street
</gallery>

== References ==

*''please add your references here''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

File:Green Roof.jpg

2014-11-30T12:50:28Z

Kianik:

Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group K - Case Study 1

2014-11-29T11:48:03Z

Kianik: /* Projective drawings */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_K|working group K]]

'''''Salman Shahr( Motelghoo), Mazandaran, Iran'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Salman Shahr(Motelghoo)''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Iran''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Salman Shahr(Motelghoo)''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Kimia Kiani''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:IMG 6084.PNG|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=300
|lat=36.709167
|lng=51.19916699999999
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

''Salman Shahr(Motelghoo) is a small city where is located in the north of Iran, between Alborz mountains and Caspian sea. It is a beautiful city with a fabulous scene from mountains to sea although uploaded pictures illustrate only the problems in urban structures in the city.Also the city is chosen by local and foreign tourists as a destination for travelling. Because of its geographical location, the city has a humid and wet weather. So,I have chosen this area as my case study due to its potential for becoming an element for green infrastructure method.As the picture indicates, the city and its urban structure has not been designed for rain storms or heavy snow.For instance, pathways, roads and pavements should be redesigned in the green infrastructure method.''

== Author's perspective ==
''I studied Master of Architecture and Bachelor of Architecture engineering in Iran. I have several years work experiences in designing and researching. Currently I am working in a research office voluntarily. I have done some projects about energy saving in architecture and I am going to continue my studying in a field of sustainability development, specially in design and planning.
I have known Motelghoo since childhood. I and my family have been vacationing in this city most of the time.

New constructions in this city have been bringing considerable population for travelling and living to this but the structure of city, roads and pavements has remained unchanging. ''

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==
*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''

'''Introduction:'''
MAZANDARAN is a Caspian province in the north of Iran, located on the southern coast of the Caspian sea, it is bordered clockwise by the provinces of Golestan to the east, Semnan to the south east, Tehran to the south, Qazvin south west and Gilan by the west.
Mazandaran is one of the most densely populated provinces in Iran and has diverse natural resources, especially large reservoirs of oil and natural gas.
The province covers an area of 23756 Km, equal to 1.46 percent of the country and has a population of 3,000,000 equal to 4 percent of the population of the country. The province also consists of 52 cities, 3600 villages and 45 sections.
There are 18 counties in the province including Sari, Behshahr, Babol, Amol, Qaemshahr, Ramsar, Tonekabon, Chaloos, Noshahr, Noor, Mahmoodabad, Savadkooh, Babolsar, Jooybar, Neka, Behshahr, Galoogah, Fereidoonkenar and Abbas Abad

The province's five largest counties are Sari, Behshahr, Babol, Amol and Qaemshahr. Founded as province in 1937, Mazandaran was declared the second modern province after neighboring Gilan.
The diverse nature of the province features plains, prairies, forests and jungles stretching from the sandy beaches of the Caspian Sea to the rugged and snowcapped Elburz sierra, including Mount Damavand, the highest peak and volcano in the Middle East and Western Asia, which at the narrowest point (Nowshahr County) narrows to 5 miles.
Mazandaran is a major producer of farmed fish and aquaculture provides an important economic addition to traditional dominance of agriculture. Another important contributor to the economy is the tourism industry, as people from all of Iran enjoy visiting the area. Mazandaran is also a fast-growing centre for biotechnology and civil engineering.
Human habitation in the area dates back at least 75,000 years. Recent excavations in Goher Tippe provide proof that the area has been urbanized for more than 5,000 years, and the area is considered one of the most important historical sites of Iran. It has played an important role in cultural and urban development of the region.
Indigenous peoples of the region include the ethnic Mazanderanis speaking an Iranian language which most resembles Gilaki and Sangiseri
Mazandaran province central coordination locates in 36.5656°N 53.0588°E.
The population of the province has been steadily growing during the last 50 years. The population is of Caucasian Iranian stock with a minority of non-native neighboring Turkic tribes (esp. the Turkomen), a sizable Armenian minority and Russian immigrants, mainly from former Soviet republics of Georgia (country), Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan.
The Mazandaran Sea provides a beautiful coastline in north of Sari; northeast of the city is Neka. Qa'emshahr (Formerly known as Shahi) is to its southwest, Juybar is to its northwest, and Kiyasar, Damghan, and Semnan are in the south part of Sari.
Sari is the provincial capital of Mazandaran, located in the north of Iran, between the northern slopes of the Alborz Mountains and southern coast of Caspian (Mazandaran) Sea. Its population is estimated to be 261,293, as of 2006. It has a land area of 5,089 square kilometers. Sari is one of the entertainment and sports centers of Iran.

'''Geography and Climate:'''
Mazandaran province is geographically divided into two parts: the coastal plains, and the mountainous areas. The Alborz Mountain Range surrounds the coastal strip and plains of the Caspian Sea like a huge barrier.
There is often snowfall during most of the seasons in the Alborz regions, which run parallel to the Caspian Sea's southern coast, dividing the province into many isolated valleys. The province enjoys a moderate, subtropical climate with an average temperature of 25 °C in summer and about 8 °C in winter. Although snow may fall heavily in the mountains in winter, it rarely falls around sea lines.
There is often snowfall during most of the seasons in the Alborz regions, which run parallel to the Caspian Sea's southern coast, dividing the province into many isolated valleys. The province enjoys a moderate, subtropical climate with an average temperature of 25 °C in summer and about 8 °C in winter. Although snow may fall heavily in the mountains in winter, it rarely falls around sea lines. (http://www.mazandaran.rmto.ir/)

'''About Salman Shahr (Motelghoo):'''
Salman Shahr (formerly, Motel Qū (Persian: متل قو/ سلمان شهر) and Saqikelayeh (Persian: ساقيكِلايِه) is a city in and capital of Salman Shahr, Abbasabad District, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 9,592, in 2,605 families. Salman Shahr is located 30 kilometres (19 mi) east of Tonekabon en route to the city of Chaloos.
Salman Shar is the new name for this city after the Islamic revolution. In the past, the city was called Saghi Kelaye and was also named after its famous hotel Motel Ghoo or Motel Qu (Swan Motel). Salman Shar city is a new settlement that was established in 1961 which was incorporated as a municipality in 1962.
In the late 2000s the major development and construction projects called "Ghoo" or "Diamond of the Middle East" were kicked off. The core of this project is built in the same place as where motel Ghoo was located.(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salman_Shahr_District)

''

'''History
Pre Islamic History:'''
The region is known to have been populated from early antiquity, and Mazandaran has changed hands among various dynasties from early in its history. There are several fortresses remaining from Parthian and Sassanid times, and many older cemeteries scattered throughout the province. During this era, Mazandaran was part of Hyrcania Province which was one of important provinces.
With the advent of the Sassanid dynasty, the King of Mazandaran (Tabaristan andPadashkhwargar) was Gushnasp, whose ancestors had reigned in the area (under the Parthian empire) since the time of Alexandar. In 529-536 Mazandarn was ruled by Sassanid prince Kawus son of Kawadh. Anushirawan, the Sassanid king, put in his place Zarmihr, who claimed his ancestry from the legendary blacksmith Kaveh. This dynasty ruled till 645 A.D., when Gil Gilanshah (a descendant of the Sassanid king Jamasp and a son of Piruz) joined Mazandaran to Gilan. These families had descendants who ruled during the Islamic period.

'''Mazandaran Today,
General:'''
The culture of Mazandaran is closely related to that of neighboring Gilan (or Guilan) and similarities between the two are abundant. The cuisine of the province is very rich in seafood due to its location by the Caspian Sea, and rice is present in virtually every meal. Indeed, the rest of Iran was introduced to rice through Gilan and Mazandaran. Before the 1800s, Persians, Kurds, and other Iranian ethnic groups used bread rather than rice as an accompaniment to their meals, though bread remains a prominent staple among them. While bread remains very popular among those groups, in Gilan and Mazandaran, rice remains the choice staple of the indigenous inhabitants.
Mazanderani or Tabarian is a Northwestern Iranian language. Various Mazandarani's dialects exist which are spoken in Mazandaran province and the neighbour province Golestan such as Mazanderani, and Gorgani. Also, Qadikolahi (Ghadikolahi) and Palani may be dialects. Mazandarani mostly resemble Gilaki. Today, Mazandaranis also use Persian (Western Persian). The educated can communicate and read Persian well.
A dialect of Azeri is spoken in the town of Galoogah
In Persian epic, Shahnameh, Mazandaran is mentioned in two different sections. First time implicitly, when Fereydun sets its capital in a city called Tamishe near Amol:
Under the title, and when Manuchehr is returning to Fereydun's capital, Tamisheh in Mazandaran (known as Tabarestan), after victory over Salm and Tur:
In the second section, a region called Mazandaran is mentioned at Kai Kavoos era frequently, it is an area which is mostly inhabited by Div (demons). The legendary Iranian Shah Kaykavoos as well as the Iranian hero Rostam each take turn to go to Mazandaran in order to battle the demons.
A famous verse from Shahnameh is when Zal tells Kai Kavoos:
"I heard troubling news that the king is planning to go to Mazandaran"
However, this Mazandaran is not considered identical to the modern province of Mazandaran, and is instead a land to the west of Iran. The current province was simply considered a part of Tabaristan; the name Mazandaran is a later development, perhaps based upon local terminology.

'''Economy:'''
Having sea, jungle and tourism all together has made the province one of the 5 wealthiest in Iran in terms of GDP and net worth. The recent explored oil resources will make the status even better by attracting new investment in the field. Rice, grain, fruits, cotton, tea, tobacco, sugarcane, and silk are produced in the lowland strip along the Caspian shore. Oil wealth has stimulated industries in food processing, cement, textiles, cotton, and fishing (caviar).
Suitable environmental conditions, pleasant and moderate climate, beautiful natural landscapes, and proximity to Tehran, have led the province to be one of the main recreational and tourism areas of Iran.
Iran's Cultural Heritage Organization lists close to 630 sites of historical and cultural significance, hence a wealth of tourist attractions. (http://www.mazandaran.rmto.ir/)''

*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Location; Mazandaran, Iran.jpg|Location; Mazandaran, Iran
Image:Salman Shahr ( Motelghoo); Bird view.jpg|Salman Shahr ( Motelghoo); Bird view
Image:Temprature and Climate Graphs.jpg|Temprature and Climate Graphs
Image:Average Temprature and Rainfall.jpg|Average Temprature and Rainfall
Image:Daryagooshe; Main street.jpg|Daryagooshe; Main street
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Case study 1- Motelghoo, a city where is located in the north of Iran.jpeg|Pavements and streets instructions has not been designed for storm waters, so it has caused a lot of problem as can be seen.
Image:Daryagooshe pavements; Potential for Green infrastructure designing .jpg|Daryagooshe pavements; Potential for Green infrastructure designing
Image:Daryagooshe green space; Potential for Green infrastructure designing.jpg|Daryagooshe green space; Potential for Green infrastructure designing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''
'''Using Permeable pavements,'''

'''Benefits for this site:'''

'''Reduces Storm water Runoff:'''

• Permeable pavement reduces surface runoff volumes and rates by allowing storm water to infiltrate underlying soils.

• By reducing runoff volumes and rates, permeable pavement can lower water treatment costs and reduce flooding and erosion.

'''Increases Groundwater Recharge:'''

• By allowing rainfall to infiltrate, permeable pavement can help increase groundwater recharge.

'''Reduces Energy Use:'''

• The use of permeable pavements also has the potential to reduce energy use by lowering surrounding air temperatures, which in turn reduces demand on cooling systems within buildings.

'''Improves Air Quality:'''

• Because permeable pavement captures rainfall onsite, communities can reduce the amount of water treatment needed, in turn reducing air pollution from power plants.

• By reducing the urban heat island effect, permeable pavement decreases ground level ozone formation, which directly impacts air quality.

'''Reduces Urban Heat Island:'''

• Permeable pavement absorbs less heat than conventional pavement, which helps to reduce the surrounding air temperature and decrease the amount of energy needed for cooling.

'''Using Green Roofs,'''

'''Benefits for this site:'''

'''Reduces Storm water Runoff:'''

• Green roofs can store significant amounts of water in their growing media. This water is eventually evaporated from the soil or transpired by the plants on the roof, thus reducing the runoff entering sewer systems and waterways, which can help alleviate the risk of combined sewer overflows (CSO).

'''Reduces Energy Use:'''

• Additional insulation provided by the growing media of a green roof can reduce a building’s energy consumption by providing superior insulation compared to conventional roofing materials.

• Evaporative cooling from water retained in the growing media reduces roof surface temperatures during hot days.

'''Reduces Urban Heat Island:'''

• The local evaporative cooling provided by green roofs can reduce elevated temperatures present in urban areas as a result of heat-absorbing surfaces such as streets and conventional roofs.

'''Improves Community Livability:'''

• Green roofs improve the local aesthetics of a community.

• Green roofs can increase recreational opportunities by providing outdoor areas for people to use and enjoy. They also have the potential to foster improved community interactions that help build social capital.

• Green roofs may also provide opportunities for urban agriculture.

'''Cultivates Public Education Opportunities:'''

• Green roofs and permeable pavements increase community interest in green infrastructure through their aesthetic appeal, which provides a great opportunity for public education.

• The installation of permeable pavement and green roofs can provide an opportunity to further educate the public about the benefits of green infrastructure in Iran. Using Green infrastructure method in this site provides an opportunity to develop community awareness and understanding around the importance of sustainable water resource management.

''

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Green infrastructure has typically multiple functions. What could be achieved for your site in this respect?''

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Section, pavement.jpg|Projective section
Image:Pavement 1.jpg|Using Permeable pavement
Image:Img 03.jpg|projective drawing
Image:Pavement2.jpg|projective drawing
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''100 words approx.''

== Image Gallery ==
''Please add further images/photos here''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:IMG 1993.JPG|Winter 2014, unexpected snow, Daryagooshe street, the north view
Image:IMG 1996.JPG|Winter 2014, unexpected snow, Daryagooshe street, the south view
Image:IMG 1992.JPG|Winter 2014, unexpected snow, Motelghoo beach
Image:IMG 6087.PNG|Motelghoo main road, a rainy day
Image:IMG 5954.JPG|Motelghoo plaza
Image:IMG 6088.PNG|Heavy traffic in holidays, Motelghoo main road
Image:IMG 6081.PNG|Daryagooshe street
Image:IMG 6082.PNG|Daryagooshe street
</gallery>

== References ==

*''please add your references here''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

File:Pavement2.jpg

2014-11-29T11:47:03Z

Kianik:

File:Img 03.jpg

2014-11-29T11:45:48Z

Kianik:

Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group K - Case Study 1

2014-11-29T11:35:50Z

Kianik: /* Projective drawings */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_K|working group K]]

'''''Salman Shahr( Motelghoo), Mazandaran, Iran'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Salman Shahr(Motelghoo)''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Iran''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Salman Shahr(Motelghoo)''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Kimia Kiani''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:IMG 6084.PNG|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=300
|lat=36.709167
|lng=51.19916699999999
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

''Salman Shahr(Motelghoo) is a small city where is located in the north of Iran, between Alborz mountains and Caspian sea. It is a beautiful city with a fabulous scene from mountains to sea although uploaded pictures illustrate only the problems in urban structures in the city.Also the city is chosen by local and foreign tourists as a destination for travelling. Because of its geographical location, the city has a humid and wet weather. So,I have chosen this area as my case study due to its potential for becoming an element for green infrastructure method.As the picture indicates, the city and its urban structure has not been designed for rain storms or heavy snow.For instance, pathways, roads and pavements should be redesigned in the green infrastructure method.''

== Author's perspective ==
''I studied Master of Architecture and Bachelor of Architecture engineering in Iran. I have several years work experiences in designing and researching. Currently I am working in a research office voluntarily. I have done some projects about energy saving in architecture and I am going to continue my studying in a field of sustainability development, specially in design and planning.
I have known Motelghoo since childhood. I and my family have been vacationing in this city most of the time.

New constructions in this city have been bringing considerable population for travelling and living to this but the structure of city, roads and pavements has remained unchanging. ''

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==
*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''

'''Introduction:'''
MAZANDARAN is a Caspian province in the north of Iran, located on the southern coast of the Caspian sea, it is bordered clockwise by the provinces of Golestan to the east, Semnan to the south east, Tehran to the south, Qazvin south west and Gilan by the west.
Mazandaran is one of the most densely populated provinces in Iran and has diverse natural resources, especially large reservoirs of oil and natural gas.
The province covers an area of 23756 Km, equal to 1.46 percent of the country and has a population of 3,000,000 equal to 4 percent of the population of the country. The province also consists of 52 cities, 3600 villages and 45 sections.
There are 18 counties in the province including Sari, Behshahr, Babol, Amol, Qaemshahr, Ramsar, Tonekabon, Chaloos, Noshahr, Noor, Mahmoodabad, Savadkooh, Babolsar, Jooybar, Neka, Behshahr, Galoogah, Fereidoonkenar and Abbas Abad

The province's five largest counties are Sari, Behshahr, Babol, Amol and Qaemshahr. Founded as province in 1937, Mazandaran was declared the second modern province after neighboring Gilan.
The diverse nature of the province features plains, prairies, forests and jungles stretching from the sandy beaches of the Caspian Sea to the rugged and snowcapped Elburz sierra, including Mount Damavand, the highest peak and volcano in the Middle East and Western Asia, which at the narrowest point (Nowshahr County) narrows to 5 miles.
Mazandaran is a major producer of farmed fish and aquaculture provides an important economic addition to traditional dominance of agriculture. Another important contributor to the economy is the tourism industry, as people from all of Iran enjoy visiting the area. Mazandaran is also a fast-growing centre for biotechnology and civil engineering.
Human habitation in the area dates back at least 75,000 years. Recent excavations in Goher Tippe provide proof that the area has been urbanized for more than 5,000 years, and the area is considered one of the most important historical sites of Iran. It has played an important role in cultural and urban development of the region.
Indigenous peoples of the region include the ethnic Mazanderanis speaking an Iranian language which most resembles Gilaki and Sangiseri
Mazandaran province central coordination locates in 36.5656°N 53.0588°E.
The population of the province has been steadily growing during the last 50 years. The population is of Caucasian Iranian stock with a minority of non-native neighboring Turkic tribes (esp. the Turkomen), a sizable Armenian minority and Russian immigrants, mainly from former Soviet republics of Georgia (country), Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan.
The Mazandaran Sea provides a beautiful coastline in north of Sari; northeast of the city is Neka. Qa'emshahr (Formerly known as Shahi) is to its southwest, Juybar is to its northwest, and Kiyasar, Damghan, and Semnan are in the south part of Sari.
Sari is the provincial capital of Mazandaran, located in the north of Iran, between the northern slopes of the Alborz Mountains and southern coast of Caspian (Mazandaran) Sea. Its population is estimated to be 261,293, as of 2006. It has a land area of 5,089 square kilometers. Sari is one of the entertainment and sports centers of Iran.

'''Geography and Climate:'''
Mazandaran province is geographically divided into two parts: the coastal plains, and the mountainous areas. The Alborz Mountain Range surrounds the coastal strip and plains of the Caspian Sea like a huge barrier.
There is often snowfall during most of the seasons in the Alborz regions, which run parallel to the Caspian Sea's southern coast, dividing the province into many isolated valleys. The province enjoys a moderate, subtropical climate with an average temperature of 25 °C in summer and about 8 °C in winter. Although snow may fall heavily in the mountains in winter, it rarely falls around sea lines.
There is often snowfall during most of the seasons in the Alborz regions, which run parallel to the Caspian Sea's southern coast, dividing the province into many isolated valleys. The province enjoys a moderate, subtropical climate with an average temperature of 25 °C in summer and about 8 °C in winter. Although snow may fall heavily in the mountains in winter, it rarely falls around sea lines. (http://www.mazandaran.rmto.ir/)

'''About Salman Shahr (Motelghoo):'''
Salman Shahr (formerly, Motel Qū (Persian: متل قو/ سلمان شهر) and Saqikelayeh (Persian: ساقيكِلايِه) is a city in and capital of Salman Shahr, Abbasabad District, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 9,592, in 2,605 families. Salman Shahr is located 30 kilometres (19 mi) east of Tonekabon en route to the city of Chaloos.
Salman Shar is the new name for this city after the Islamic revolution. In the past, the city was called Saghi Kelaye and was also named after its famous hotel Motel Ghoo or Motel Qu (Swan Motel). Salman Shar city is a new settlement that was established in 1961 which was incorporated as a municipality in 1962.
In the late 2000s the major development and construction projects called "Ghoo" or "Diamond of the Middle East" were kicked off. The core of this project is built in the same place as where motel Ghoo was located.(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salman_Shahr_District)

''

'''History
Pre Islamic History:'''
The region is known to have been populated from early antiquity, and Mazandaran has changed hands among various dynasties from early in its history. There are several fortresses remaining from Parthian and Sassanid times, and many older cemeteries scattered throughout the province. During this era, Mazandaran was part of Hyrcania Province which was one of important provinces.
With the advent of the Sassanid dynasty, the King of Mazandaran (Tabaristan andPadashkhwargar) was Gushnasp, whose ancestors had reigned in the area (under the Parthian empire) since the time of Alexandar. In 529-536 Mazandarn was ruled by Sassanid prince Kawus son of Kawadh. Anushirawan, the Sassanid king, put in his place Zarmihr, who claimed his ancestry from the legendary blacksmith Kaveh. This dynasty ruled till 645 A.D., when Gil Gilanshah (a descendant of the Sassanid king Jamasp and a son of Piruz) joined Mazandaran to Gilan. These families had descendants who ruled during the Islamic period.

'''Mazandaran Today,
General:'''
The culture of Mazandaran is closely related to that of neighboring Gilan (or Guilan) and similarities between the two are abundant. The cuisine of the province is very rich in seafood due to its location by the Caspian Sea, and rice is present in virtually every meal. Indeed, the rest of Iran was introduced to rice through Gilan and Mazandaran. Before the 1800s, Persians, Kurds, and other Iranian ethnic groups used bread rather than rice as an accompaniment to their meals, though bread remains a prominent staple among them. While bread remains very popular among those groups, in Gilan and Mazandaran, rice remains the choice staple of the indigenous inhabitants.
Mazanderani or Tabarian is a Northwestern Iranian language. Various Mazandarani's dialects exist which are spoken in Mazandaran province and the neighbour province Golestan such as Mazanderani, and Gorgani. Also, Qadikolahi (Ghadikolahi) and Palani may be dialects. Mazandarani mostly resemble Gilaki. Today, Mazandaranis also use Persian (Western Persian). The educated can communicate and read Persian well.
A dialect of Azeri is spoken in the town of Galoogah
In Persian epic, Shahnameh, Mazandaran is mentioned in two different sections. First time implicitly, when Fereydun sets its capital in a city called Tamishe near Amol:
Under the title, and when Manuchehr is returning to Fereydun's capital, Tamisheh in Mazandaran (known as Tabarestan), after victory over Salm and Tur:
In the second section, a region called Mazandaran is mentioned at Kai Kavoos era frequently, it is an area which is mostly inhabited by Div (demons). The legendary Iranian Shah Kaykavoos as well as the Iranian hero Rostam each take turn to go to Mazandaran in order to battle the demons.
A famous verse from Shahnameh is when Zal tells Kai Kavoos:
"I heard troubling news that the king is planning to go to Mazandaran"
However, this Mazandaran is not considered identical to the modern province of Mazandaran, and is instead a land to the west of Iran. The current province was simply considered a part of Tabaristan; the name Mazandaran is a later development, perhaps based upon local terminology.

'''Economy:'''
Having sea, jungle and tourism all together has made the province one of the 5 wealthiest in Iran in terms of GDP and net worth. The recent explored oil resources will make the status even better by attracting new investment in the field. Rice, grain, fruits, cotton, tea, tobacco, sugarcane, and silk are produced in the lowland strip along the Caspian shore. Oil wealth has stimulated industries in food processing, cement, textiles, cotton, and fishing (caviar).
Suitable environmental conditions, pleasant and moderate climate, beautiful natural landscapes, and proximity to Tehran, have led the province to be one of the main recreational and tourism areas of Iran.
Iran's Cultural Heritage Organization lists close to 630 sites of historical and cultural significance, hence a wealth of tourist attractions. (http://www.mazandaran.rmto.ir/)''

*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Location; Mazandaran, Iran.jpg|Location; Mazandaran, Iran
Image:Salman Shahr ( Motelghoo); Bird view.jpg|Salman Shahr ( Motelghoo); Bird view
Image:Temprature and Climate Graphs.jpg|Temprature and Climate Graphs
Image:Average Temprature and Rainfall.jpg|Average Temprature and Rainfall
Image:Daryagooshe; Main street.jpg|Daryagooshe; Main street
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Case study 1- Motelghoo, a city where is located in the north of Iran.jpeg|Pavements and streets instructions has not been designed for storm waters, so it has caused a lot of problem as can be seen.
Image:Daryagooshe pavements; Potential for Green infrastructure designing .jpg|Daryagooshe pavements; Potential for Green infrastructure designing
Image:Daryagooshe green space; Potential for Green infrastructure designing.jpg|Daryagooshe green space; Potential for Green infrastructure designing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''
'''Using Permeable pavements,'''

'''Benefits for this site:'''

'''Reduces Storm water Runoff:'''

• Permeable pavement reduces surface runoff volumes and rates by allowing storm water to infiltrate underlying soils.

• By reducing runoff volumes and rates, permeable pavement can lower water treatment costs and reduce flooding and erosion.

'''Increases Groundwater Recharge:'''

• By allowing rainfall to infiltrate, permeable pavement can help increase groundwater recharge.

'''Reduces Energy Use:'''

• The use of permeable pavements also has the potential to reduce energy use by lowering surrounding air temperatures, which in turn reduces demand on cooling systems within buildings.

'''Improves Air Quality:'''

• Because permeable pavement captures rainfall onsite, communities can reduce the amount of water treatment needed, in turn reducing air pollution from power plants.

• By reducing the urban heat island effect, permeable pavement decreases ground level ozone formation, which directly impacts air quality.

'''Reduces Urban Heat Island:'''

• Permeable pavement absorbs less heat than conventional pavement, which helps to reduce the surrounding air temperature and decrease the amount of energy needed for cooling.

'''Using Green Roofs,'''

'''Benefits for this site:'''

'''Reduces Storm water Runoff:'''

• Green roofs can store significant amounts of water in their growing media. This water is eventually evaporated from the soil or transpired by the plants on the roof, thus reducing the runoff entering sewer systems and waterways, which can help alleviate the risk of combined sewer overflows (CSO).

'''Reduces Energy Use:'''

• Additional insulation provided by the growing media of a green roof can reduce a building’s energy consumption by providing superior insulation compared to conventional roofing materials.

• Evaporative cooling from water retained in the growing media reduces roof surface temperatures during hot days.

'''Reduces Urban Heat Island:'''

• The local evaporative cooling provided by green roofs can reduce elevated temperatures present in urban areas as a result of heat-absorbing surfaces such as streets and conventional roofs.

'''Improves Community Livability:'''

• Green roofs improve the local aesthetics of a community.

• Green roofs can increase recreational opportunities by providing outdoor areas for people to use and enjoy. They also have the potential to foster improved community interactions that help build social capital.

• Green roofs may also provide opportunities for urban agriculture.

'''Cultivates Public Education Opportunities:'''

• Green roofs and permeable pavements increase community interest in green infrastructure through their aesthetic appeal, which provides a great opportunity for public education.

• The installation of permeable pavement and green roofs can provide an opportunity to further educate the public about the benefits of green infrastructure in Iran. Using Green infrastructure method in this site provides an opportunity to develop community awareness and understanding around the importance of sustainable water resource management.

''

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Green infrastructure has typically multiple functions. What could be achieved for your site in this respect?''

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Section, pavement.jpg|Projective section
Image:Pavement 1.jpg|Using Permeable pavement
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''100 words approx.''

== Image Gallery ==
''Please add further images/photos here''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:IMG 1993.JPG|Winter 2014, unexpected snow, Daryagooshe street, the north view
Image:IMG 1996.JPG|Winter 2014, unexpected snow, Daryagooshe street, the south view
Image:IMG 1992.JPG|Winter 2014, unexpected snow, Motelghoo beach
Image:IMG 6087.PNG|Motelghoo main road, a rainy day
Image:IMG 5954.JPG|Motelghoo plaza
Image:IMG 6088.PNG|Heavy traffic in holidays, Motelghoo main road
Image:IMG 6081.PNG|Daryagooshe street
Image:IMG 6082.PNG|Daryagooshe street
</gallery>

== References ==

*''please add your references here''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

File:Pavement 1.jpg

2014-11-29T11:34:01Z

Kianik:

File:Section, pavement.jpg

2014-11-29T11:29:14Z

Kianik:

Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group K - Case Study 1

2014-11-28T19:46:42Z

Kianik: /* Landscape and/or urban context of your case */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_K|working group K]]

'''''Salman Shahr( Motelghoo), Mazandaran, Iran'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Salman Shahr(Motelghoo)''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Iran''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Salman Shahr(Motelghoo)''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Kimia Kiani''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:IMG 6084.PNG|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=300
|lat=36.709167
|lng=51.19916699999999
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

''Salman Shahr(Motelghoo) is a small city where is located in the north of Iran, between Alborz mountains and Caspian sea. It is a beautiful city with a fabulous scene from mountains to sea although uploaded pictures illustrate only the problems in urban structures in the city.Also the city is chosen by local and foreign tourists as a destination for travelling. Because of its geographical location, the city has a humid and wet weather. So,I have chosen this area as my case study due to its potential for becoming an element for green infrastructure method.As the picture indicates, the city and its urban structure has not been designed for rain storms or heavy snow.For instance, pathways, roads and pavements should be redesigned in the green infrastructure method.''

== Author's perspective ==
''I studied Master of Architecture and Bachelor of Architecture engineering in Iran. I have several years work experiences in designing and researching. Currently I am working in a research office voluntarily. I have done some projects about energy saving in architecture and I am going to continue my studying in a field of sustainability development, specially in design and planning.
I have known Motelghoo since childhood. I and my family have been vacationing in this city most of the time.

New constructions in this city have been bringing considerable population for travelling and living to this but the structure of city, roads and pavements has remained unchanging. ''

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==
*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''

'''Introduction:'''
MAZANDARAN is a Caspian province in the north of Iran, located on the southern coast of the Caspian sea, it is bordered clockwise by the provinces of Golestan to the east, Semnan to the south east, Tehran to the south, Qazvin south west and Gilan by the west.
Mazandaran is one of the most densely populated provinces in Iran and has diverse natural resources, especially large reservoirs of oil and natural gas.
The province covers an area of 23756 Km, equal to 1.46 percent of the country and has a population of 3,000,000 equal to 4 percent of the population of the country. The province also consists of 52 cities, 3600 villages and 45 sections.
There are 18 counties in the province including Sari, Behshahr, Babol, Amol, Qaemshahr, Ramsar, Tonekabon, Chaloos, Noshahr, Noor, Mahmoodabad, Savadkooh, Babolsar, Jooybar, Neka, Behshahr, Galoogah, Fereidoonkenar and Abbas Abad

The province's five largest counties are Sari, Behshahr, Babol, Amol and Qaemshahr. Founded as province in 1937, Mazandaran was declared the second modern province after neighboring Gilan.
The diverse nature of the province features plains, prairies, forests and jungles stretching from the sandy beaches of the Caspian Sea to the rugged and snowcapped Elburz sierra, including Mount Damavand, the highest peak and volcano in the Middle East and Western Asia, which at the narrowest point (Nowshahr County) narrows to 5 miles.
Mazandaran is a major producer of farmed fish and aquaculture provides an important economic addition to traditional dominance of agriculture. Another important contributor to the economy is the tourism industry, as people from all of Iran enjoy visiting the area. Mazandaran is also a fast-growing centre for biotechnology and civil engineering.
Human habitation in the area dates back at least 75,000 years. Recent excavations in Goher Tippe provide proof that the area has been urbanized for more than 5,000 years, and the area is considered one of the most important historical sites of Iran. It has played an important role in cultural and urban development of the region.
Indigenous peoples of the region include the ethnic Mazanderanis speaking an Iranian language which most resembles Gilaki and Sangiseri
Mazandaran province central coordination locates in 36.5656°N 53.0588°E.
The population of the province has been steadily growing during the last 50 years. The population is of Caucasian Iranian stock with a minority of non-native neighboring Turkic tribes (esp. the Turkomen), a sizable Armenian minority and Russian immigrants, mainly from former Soviet republics of Georgia (country), Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan.
The Mazandaran Sea provides a beautiful coastline in north of Sari; northeast of the city is Neka. Qa'emshahr (Formerly known as Shahi) is to its southwest, Juybar is to its northwest, and Kiyasar, Damghan, and Semnan are in the south part of Sari.
Sari is the provincial capital of Mazandaran, located in the north of Iran, between the northern slopes of the Alborz Mountains and southern coast of Caspian (Mazandaran) Sea. Its population is estimated to be 261,293, as of 2006. It has a land area of 5,089 square kilometers. Sari is one of the entertainment and sports centers of Iran.

'''Geography and Climate:'''
Mazandaran province is geographically divided into two parts: the coastal plains, and the mountainous areas. The Alborz Mountain Range surrounds the coastal strip and plains of the Caspian Sea like a huge barrier.
There is often snowfall during most of the seasons in the Alborz regions, which run parallel to the Caspian Sea's southern coast, dividing the province into many isolated valleys. The province enjoys a moderate, subtropical climate with an average temperature of 25 °C in summer and about 8 °C in winter. Although snow may fall heavily in the mountains in winter, it rarely falls around sea lines.
There is often snowfall during most of the seasons in the Alborz regions, which run parallel to the Caspian Sea's southern coast, dividing the province into many isolated valleys. The province enjoys a moderate, subtropical climate with an average temperature of 25 °C in summer and about 8 °C in winter. Although snow may fall heavily in the mountains in winter, it rarely falls around sea lines. (http://www.mazandaran.rmto.ir/)

'''About Salman Shahr (Motelghoo):'''
Salman Shahr (formerly, Motel Qū (Persian: متل قو/ سلمان شهر) and Saqikelayeh (Persian: ساقيكِلايِه) is a city in and capital of Salman Shahr, Abbasabad District, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 9,592, in 2,605 families. Salman Shahr is located 30 kilometres (19 mi) east of Tonekabon en route to the city of Chaloos.
Salman Shar is the new name for this city after the Islamic revolution. In the past, the city was called Saghi Kelaye and was also named after its famous hotel Motel Ghoo or Motel Qu (Swan Motel). Salman Shar city is a new settlement that was established in 1961 which was incorporated as a municipality in 1962.
In the late 2000s the major development and construction projects called "Ghoo" or "Diamond of the Middle East" were kicked off. The core of this project is built in the same place as where motel Ghoo was located.(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salman_Shahr_District)

''

'''History
Pre Islamic History:'''
The region is known to have been populated from early antiquity, and Mazandaran has changed hands among various dynasties from early in its history. There are several fortresses remaining from Parthian and Sassanid times, and many older cemeteries scattered throughout the province. During this era, Mazandaran was part of Hyrcania Province which was one of important provinces.
With the advent of the Sassanid dynasty, the King of Mazandaran (Tabaristan andPadashkhwargar) was Gushnasp, whose ancestors had reigned in the area (under the Parthian empire) since the time of Alexandar. In 529-536 Mazandarn was ruled by Sassanid prince Kawus son of Kawadh. Anushirawan, the Sassanid king, put in his place Zarmihr, who claimed his ancestry from the legendary blacksmith Kaveh. This dynasty ruled till 645 A.D., when Gil Gilanshah (a descendant of the Sassanid king Jamasp and a son of Piruz) joined Mazandaran to Gilan. These families had descendants who ruled during the Islamic period.

'''Mazandaran Today,
General:'''
The culture of Mazandaran is closely related to that of neighboring Gilan (or Guilan) and similarities between the two are abundant. The cuisine of the province is very rich in seafood due to its location by the Caspian Sea, and rice is present in virtually every meal. Indeed, the rest of Iran was introduced to rice through Gilan and Mazandaran. Before the 1800s, Persians, Kurds, and other Iranian ethnic groups used bread rather than rice as an accompaniment to their meals, though bread remains a prominent staple among them. While bread remains very popular among those groups, in Gilan and Mazandaran, rice remains the choice staple of the indigenous inhabitants.
Mazanderani or Tabarian is a Northwestern Iranian language. Various Mazandarani's dialects exist which are spoken in Mazandaran province and the neighbour province Golestan such as Mazanderani, and Gorgani. Also, Qadikolahi (Ghadikolahi) and Palani may be dialects. Mazandarani mostly resemble Gilaki. Today, Mazandaranis also use Persian (Western Persian). The educated can communicate and read Persian well.
A dialect of Azeri is spoken in the town of Galoogah
In Persian epic, Shahnameh, Mazandaran is mentioned in two different sections. First time implicitly, when Fereydun sets its capital in a city called Tamishe near Amol:
Under the title, and when Manuchehr is returning to Fereydun's capital, Tamisheh in Mazandaran (known as Tabarestan), after victory over Salm and Tur:
In the second section, a region called Mazandaran is mentioned at Kai Kavoos era frequently, it is an area which is mostly inhabited by Div (demons). The legendary Iranian Shah Kaykavoos as well as the Iranian hero Rostam each take turn to go to Mazandaran in order to battle the demons.
A famous verse from Shahnameh is when Zal tells Kai Kavoos:
"I heard troubling news that the king is planning to go to Mazandaran"
However, this Mazandaran is not considered identical to the modern province of Mazandaran, and is instead a land to the west of Iran. The current province was simply considered a part of Tabaristan; the name Mazandaran is a later development, perhaps based upon local terminology.

'''Economy:'''
Having sea, jungle and tourism all together has made the province one of the 5 wealthiest in Iran in terms of GDP and net worth. The recent explored oil resources will make the status even better by attracting new investment in the field. Rice, grain, fruits, cotton, tea, tobacco, sugarcane, and silk are produced in the lowland strip along the Caspian shore. Oil wealth has stimulated industries in food processing, cement, textiles, cotton, and fishing (caviar).
Suitable environmental conditions, pleasant and moderate climate, beautiful natural landscapes, and proximity to Tehran, have led the province to be one of the main recreational and tourism areas of Iran.
Iran's Cultural Heritage Organization lists close to 630 sites of historical and cultural significance, hence a wealth of tourist attractions. (http://www.mazandaran.rmto.ir/)''

*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Location; Mazandaran, Iran.jpg|Location; Mazandaran, Iran
Image:Salman Shahr ( Motelghoo); Bird view.jpg|Salman Shahr ( Motelghoo); Bird view
Image:Temprature and Climate Graphs.jpg|Temprature and Climate Graphs
Image:Average Temprature and Rainfall.jpg|Average Temprature and Rainfall
Image:Daryagooshe; Main street.jpg|Daryagooshe; Main street
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Case study 1- Motelghoo, a city where is located in the north of Iran.jpeg|Pavements and streets instructions has not been designed for storm waters, so it has caused a lot of problem as can be seen.
Image:Daryagooshe pavements; Potential for Green infrastructure designing .jpg|Daryagooshe pavements; Potential for Green infrastructure designing
Image:Daryagooshe green space; Potential for Green infrastructure designing.jpg|Daryagooshe green space; Potential for Green infrastructure designing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''
'''Using Permeable pavements,'''

'''Benefits for this site:'''

'''Reduces Storm water Runoff:'''

• Permeable pavement reduces surface runoff volumes and rates by allowing storm water to infiltrate underlying soils.

• By reducing runoff volumes and rates, permeable pavement can lower water treatment costs and reduce flooding and erosion.

'''Increases Groundwater Recharge:'''

• By allowing rainfall to infiltrate, permeable pavement can help increase groundwater recharge.

'''Reduces Energy Use:'''

• The use of permeable pavements also has the potential to reduce energy use by lowering surrounding air temperatures, which in turn reduces demand on cooling systems within buildings.

'''Improves Air Quality:'''

• Because permeable pavement captures rainfall onsite, communities can reduce the amount of water treatment needed, in turn reducing air pollution from power plants.

• By reducing the urban heat island effect, permeable pavement decreases ground level ozone formation, which directly impacts air quality.

'''Reduces Urban Heat Island:'''

• Permeable pavement absorbs less heat than conventional pavement, which helps to reduce the surrounding air temperature and decrease the amount of energy needed for cooling.

'''Using Green Roofs,'''

'''Benefits for this site:'''

'''Reduces Storm water Runoff:'''

• Green roofs can store significant amounts of water in their growing media. This water is eventually evaporated from the soil or transpired by the plants on the roof, thus reducing the runoff entering sewer systems and waterways, which can help alleviate the risk of combined sewer overflows (CSO).

'''Reduces Energy Use:'''

• Additional insulation provided by the growing media of a green roof can reduce a building’s energy consumption by providing superior insulation compared to conventional roofing materials.

• Evaporative cooling from water retained in the growing media reduces roof surface temperatures during hot days.

'''Reduces Urban Heat Island:'''

• The local evaporative cooling provided by green roofs can reduce elevated temperatures present in urban areas as a result of heat-absorbing surfaces such as streets and conventional roofs.

'''Improves Community Livability:'''

• Green roofs improve the local aesthetics of a community.

• Green roofs can increase recreational opportunities by providing outdoor areas for people to use and enjoy. They also have the potential to foster improved community interactions that help build social capital.

• Green roofs may also provide opportunities for urban agriculture.

'''Cultivates Public Education Opportunities:'''

• Green roofs and permeable pavements increase community interest in green infrastructure through their aesthetic appeal, which provides a great opportunity for public education.

• The installation of permeable pavement and green roofs can provide an opportunity to further educate the public about the benefits of green infrastructure in Iran. Using Green infrastructure method in this site provides an opportunity to develop community awareness and understanding around the importance of sustainable water resource management.

''

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Green infrastructure has typically multiple functions. What could be achieved for your site in this respect?''

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''100 words approx.''

== Image Gallery ==
''Please add further images/photos here''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:IMG 1993.JPG|Winter 2014, unexpected snow, Daryagooshe street, the north view
Image:IMG 1996.JPG|Winter 2014, unexpected snow, Daryagooshe street, the south view
Image:IMG 1992.JPG|Winter 2014, unexpected snow, Motelghoo beach
Image:IMG 6087.PNG|Motelghoo main road, a rainy day
Image:IMG 5954.JPG|Motelghoo plaza
Image:IMG 6088.PNG|Heavy traffic in holidays, Motelghoo main road
Image:IMG 6081.PNG|Daryagooshe street
Image:IMG 6082.PNG|Daryagooshe street
</gallery>

== References ==

*''please add your references here''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group K - Case Study 1

2014-11-28T19:45:41Z

Kianik: /* Landscape and/or urban context of your case */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_K|working group K]]

'''''Salman Shahr( Motelghoo), Mazandaran, Iran'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Salman Shahr(Motelghoo)''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Iran''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Salman Shahr(Motelghoo)''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Kimia Kiani''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:IMG 6084.PNG|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=300
|lat=36.709167
|lng=51.19916699999999
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

''Salman Shahr(Motelghoo) is a small city where is located in the north of Iran, between Alborz mountains and Caspian sea. It is a beautiful city with a fabulous scene from mountains to sea although uploaded pictures illustrate only the problems in urban structures in the city.Also the city is chosen by local and foreign tourists as a destination for travelling. Because of its geographical location, the city has a humid and wet weather. So,I have chosen this area as my case study due to its potential for becoming an element for green infrastructure method.As the picture indicates, the city and its urban structure has not been designed for rain storms or heavy snow.For instance, pathways, roads and pavements should be redesigned in the green infrastructure method.''

== Author's perspective ==
''I studied Master of Architecture and Bachelor of Architecture engineering in Iran. I have several years work experiences in designing and researching. Currently I am working in a research office voluntarily. I have done some projects about energy saving in architecture and I am going to continue my studying in a field of sustainability development, specially in design and planning.
I have known Motelghoo since childhood. I and my family have been vacationing in this city most of the time.

New constructions in this city have been bringing considerable population for travelling and living to this but the structure of city, roads and pavements has remained unchanging. ''

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==
*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''

'''Introduction:'''
MAZANDARAN is a Caspian province in the north of Iran, located on the southern coast of the Caspian sea, it is bordered clockwise by the provinces of Golestan to the east, Semnan to the south east, Tehran to the south, Qazvin south west and Gilan by the west.
Mazandaran is one of the most densely populated provinces in Iran and has diverse natural resources, especially large reservoirs of oil and natural gas.
The province covers an area of 23756 Km, equal to 1.46 percent of the country and has a population of 3,000,000 equal to 4 percent of the population of the country. The province also consists of 52 cities, 3600 villages and 45 sections.
There are 18 counties in the province including Sari, Behshahr, Babol, Amol, Qaemshahr, Ramsar, Tonekabon, Chaloos, Noshahr, Noor, Mahmoodabad, Savadkooh, Babolsar, Jooybar, Neka, Behshahr, Galoogah, Fereidoonkenar and Abbas Abad

The province's five largest counties are Sari, Behshahr, Babol, Amol and Qaemshahr. Founded as province in 1937, Mazandaran was declared the second modern province after neighboring Gilan.
The diverse nature of the province features plains, prairies, forests and jungles stretching from the sandy beaches of the Caspian Sea to the rugged and snowcapped Elburz sierra, including Mount Damavand, the highest peak and volcano in the Middle East and Western Asia, which at the narrowest point (Nowshahr County) narrows to 5 miles.
Mazandaran is a major producer of farmed fish and aquaculture provides an important economic addition to traditional dominance of agriculture. Another important contributor to the economy is the tourism industry, as people from all of Iran enjoy visiting the area. Mazandaran is also a fast-growing centre for biotechnology and civil engineering.
Human habitation in the area dates back at least 75,000 years. Recent excavations in Goher Tippe provide proof that the area has been urbanized for more than 5,000 years, and the area is considered one of the most important historical sites of Iran. It has played an important role in cultural and urban development of the region.
Indigenous peoples of the region include the ethnic Mazanderanis speaking an Iranian language which most resembles Gilaki and Sangiseri
Mazandaran province central coordination locates in 36.5656°N 53.0588°E.
The population of the province has been steadily growing during the last 50 years. The population is of Caucasian Iranian stock with a minority of non-native neighboring Turkic tribes (esp. the Turkomen), a sizable Armenian minority and Russian immigrants, mainly from former Soviet republics of Georgia (country), Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan.
The Mazandaran Sea provides a beautiful coastline in north of Sari; northeast of the city is Neka. Qa'emshahr (Formerly known as Shahi) is to its southwest, Juybar is to its northwest, and Kiyasar, Damghan, and Semnan are in the south part of Sari.
Sari is the provincial capital of Mazandaran, located in the north of Iran, between the northern slopes of the Alborz Mountains and southern coast of Caspian (Mazandaran) Sea. Its population is estimated to be 261,293, as of 2006. It has a land area of 5,089 square kilometers. Sari is one of the entertainment and sports centers of Iran.

'''Geography and Climate:'''
Mazandaran province is geographically divided into two parts: the coastal plains, and the mountainous areas. The Alborz Mountain Range surrounds the coastal strip and plains of the Caspian Sea like a huge barrier.
There is often snowfall during most of the seasons in the Alborz regions, which run parallel to the Caspian Sea's southern coast, dividing the province into many isolated valleys. The province enjoys a moderate, subtropical climate with an average temperature of 25 °C in summer and about 8 °C in winter. Although snow may fall heavily in the mountains in winter, it rarely falls around sea lines.
There is often snowfall during most of the seasons in the Alborz regions, which run parallel to the Caspian Sea's southern coast, dividing the province into many isolated valleys. The province enjoys a moderate, subtropical climate with an average temperature of 25 °C in summer and about 8 °C in winter. Although snow may fall heavily in the mountains in winter, it rarely falls around sea lines. (http://www.mazandaran.rmto.ir/)

'''About Salman Shahr (Motelghoo):'''
Salman Shahr (formerly, Motel Qū (Persian: متل قو/ سلمان شهر) and Saqikelayeh (Persian: ساقيكِلايِه) is a city in and capital of Salman Shahr, Abbasabad District, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 9,592, in 2,605 families. Salman Shahr is located 30 kilometres (19 mi) east of Tonekabon en route to the city of Chaloos.
Salman Shar is the new name for this city after the Islamic revolution. In the past, the city was called Saghi Kelaye and was also named after its famous hotel Motel Ghoo or Motel Qu (Swan Motel). Salman Shar city is a new settlement that was established in 1961 which was incorporated as a municipality in 1962.
In the late 2000s the major development and construction projects called "Ghoo" or "Diamond of the Middle East" were kicked off. The core of this project is built in the same place as where motel Ghoo was located.(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salman_Shahr_District)

''

'''History
Pre Islamic History:'''
The region is known to have been populated from early antiquity, and Mazandaran has changed hands among various dynasties from early in its history. There are several fortresses remaining from Parthian and Sassanid times, and many older cemeteries scattered throughout the province. During this era, Mazandaran was part of Hyrcania Province which was one of important provinces.
With the advent of the Sassanid dynasty, the King of Mazandaran (Tabaristan andPadashkhwargar) was Gushnasp, whose ancestors had reigned in the area (under the Parthian empire) since the time of Alexandar. In 529-536 Mazandarn was ruled by Sassanid prince Kawus son of Kawadh. Anushirawan, the Sassanid king, put in his place Zarmihr, who claimed his ancestry from the legendary blacksmith Kaveh. This dynasty ruled till 645 A.D., when Gil Gilanshah (a descendant of the Sassanid king Jamasp and a son of Piruz) joined Mazandaran to Gilan. These families had descendants who ruled during the Islamic period.

'''Mazandaran Today,
General:'''
The culture of Mazandaran is closely related to that of neighboring Gilan (or Guilan) and similarities between the two are abundant. The cuisine of the province is very rich in seafood due to its location by the Caspian Sea, and rice is present in virtually every meal. Indeed, the rest of Iran was introduced to rice through Gilan and Mazandaran. Before the 1800s, Persians, Kurds, and other Iranian ethnic groups used bread rather than rice as an accompaniment to their meals, though bread remains a prominent staple among them. While bread remains very popular among those groups, in Gilan and Mazandaran, rice remains the choice staple of the indigenous inhabitants.
Mazanderani or Tabarian is a Northwestern Iranian language. Various Mazandarani's dialects exist which are spoken in Mazandaran province and the neighbour province Golestan such as Mazanderani, and Gorgani. Also, Qadikolahi (Ghadikolahi) and Palani may be dialects. Mazandarani mostly resemble Gilaki. Today, Mazandaranis also use Persian (Western Persian). The educated can communicate and read Persian well.
A dialect of Azeri is spoken in the town of Galoogah
In Persian epic, Shahnameh, Mazandaran is mentioned in two different sections. First time implicitly, when Fereydun sets its capital in a city called Tamishe near Amol:
Under the title, and when Manuchehr is returning to Fereydun's capital, Tamisheh in Mazandaran (known as Tabarestan), after victory over Salm and Tur:
In the second section, a region called Mazandaran is mentioned at Kai Kavoos era frequently, it is an area which is mostly inhabited by Div (demons). The legendary Iranian Shah Kaykavoos as well as the Iranian hero Rostam each take turn to go to Mazandaran in order to battle the demons.
A famous verse from Shahnameh is when Zal tells Kai Kavoos:
"I heard troubling news that the king is planning to go to Mazandaran"
However, this Mazandaran is not considered identical to the modern province of Mazandaran, and is instead a land to the west of Iran. The current province was simply considered a part of Tabaristan; the name Mazandaran is a later development, perhaps based upon local terminology.

'''Economy:'''
Having sea, jungle and tourism all together has made the province one of the 5 wealthiest in Iran in terms of GDP and net worth. The recent explored oil resources will make the status even better by attracting new investment in the field. Rice, grain, fruits, cotton, tea, tobacco, sugarcane, and silk are produced in the lowland strip along the Caspian shore. Oil wealth has stimulated industries in food processing, cement, textiles, cotton, and fishing (caviar).
Suitable environmental conditions, pleasant and moderate climate, beautiful natural landscapes, and proximity to Tehran, have led the province to be one of the main recreational and tourism areas of Iran.
Iran's Cultural Heritage Organization lists close to 630 sites of historical and cultural significance, hence a wealth of tourist attractions. (http://www.mazandaran.rmto.ir/)

''

*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Location; Mazandaran, Iran.jpg|Location; Mazandaran, Iran
Image:Salman Shahr ( Motelghoo); Bird view.jpg|Salman Shahr ( Motelghoo); Bird view
Image:Temprature and Climate Graphs.jpg|Temprature and Climate Graphs
Image:Average Temprature and Rainfall.jpg|Average Temprature and Rainfall
Image:Daryagooshe; Main street.jpg|Daryagooshe; Main street
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Case study 1- Motelghoo, a city where is located in the north of Iran.jpeg|Pavements and streets instructions has not been designed for storm waters, so it has caused a lot of problem as can be seen.
Image:Daryagooshe pavements; Potential for Green infrastructure designing .jpg|Daryagooshe pavements; Potential for Green infrastructure designing
Image:Daryagooshe green space; Potential for Green infrastructure designing.jpg|Daryagooshe green space; Potential for Green infrastructure designing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''
'''Using Permeable pavements,'''

'''Benefits for this site:'''

'''Reduces Storm water Runoff:'''

• Permeable pavement reduces surface runoff volumes and rates by allowing storm water to infiltrate underlying soils.

• By reducing runoff volumes and rates, permeable pavement can lower water treatment costs and reduce flooding and erosion.

'''Increases Groundwater Recharge:'''

• By allowing rainfall to infiltrate, permeable pavement can help increase groundwater recharge.

'''Reduces Energy Use:'''

• The use of permeable pavements also has the potential to reduce energy use by lowering surrounding air temperatures, which in turn reduces demand on cooling systems within buildings.

'''Improves Air Quality:'''

• Because permeable pavement captures rainfall onsite, communities can reduce the amount of water treatment needed, in turn reducing air pollution from power plants.

• By reducing the urban heat island effect, permeable pavement decreases ground level ozone formation, which directly impacts air quality.

'''Reduces Urban Heat Island:'''

• Permeable pavement absorbs less heat than conventional pavement, which helps to reduce the surrounding air temperature and decrease the amount of energy needed for cooling.

'''Using Green Roofs,'''

'''Benefits for this site:'''

'''Reduces Storm water Runoff:'''

• Green roofs can store significant amounts of water in their growing media. This water is eventually evaporated from the soil or transpired by the plants on the roof, thus reducing the runoff entering sewer systems and waterways, which can help alleviate the risk of combined sewer overflows (CSO).

'''Reduces Energy Use:'''

• Additional insulation provided by the growing media of a green roof can reduce a building’s energy consumption by providing superior insulation compared to conventional roofing materials.

• Evaporative cooling from water retained in the growing media reduces roof surface temperatures during hot days.

'''Reduces Urban Heat Island:'''

• The local evaporative cooling provided by green roofs can reduce elevated temperatures present in urban areas as a result of heat-absorbing surfaces such as streets and conventional roofs.

'''Improves Community Livability:'''

• Green roofs improve the local aesthetics of a community.

• Green roofs can increase recreational opportunities by providing outdoor areas for people to use and enjoy. They also have the potential to foster improved community interactions that help build social capital.

• Green roofs may also provide opportunities for urban agriculture.

'''Cultivates Public Education Opportunities:'''

• Green roofs and permeable pavements increase community interest in green infrastructure through their aesthetic appeal, which provides a great opportunity for public education.

• The installation of permeable pavement and green roofs can provide an opportunity to further educate the public about the benefits of green infrastructure in Iran. Using Green infrastructure method in this site provides an opportunity to develop community awareness and understanding around the importance of sustainable water resource management.

''

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Green infrastructure has typically multiple functions. What could be achieved for your site in this respect?''

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''100 words approx.''

== Image Gallery ==
''Please add further images/photos here''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:IMG 1993.JPG|Winter 2014, unexpected snow, Daryagooshe street, the north view
Image:IMG 1996.JPG|Winter 2014, unexpected snow, Daryagooshe street, the south view
Image:IMG 1992.JPG|Winter 2014, unexpected snow, Motelghoo beach
Image:IMG 6087.PNG|Motelghoo main road, a rainy day
Image:IMG 5954.JPG|Motelghoo plaza
Image:IMG 6088.PNG|Heavy traffic in holidays, Motelghoo main road
Image:IMG 6081.PNG|Daryagooshe street
Image:IMG 6082.PNG|Daryagooshe street
</gallery>

== References ==

*''please add your references here''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group K - Case Study 1

2014-11-28T19:42:58Z

Kianik: /* Landscape and/or urban context of your case */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_K|working group K]]

'''''Salman Shahr( Motelghoo), Mazandaran, Iran'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Salman Shahr(Motelghoo)''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Iran''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Salman Shahr(Motelghoo)''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Kimia Kiani''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:IMG 6084.PNG|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=300
|lat=36.709167
|lng=51.19916699999999
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

''Salman Shahr(Motelghoo) is a small city where is located in the north of Iran, between Alborz mountains and Caspian sea. It is a beautiful city with a fabulous scene from mountains to sea although uploaded pictures illustrate only the problems in urban structures in the city.Also the city is chosen by local and foreign tourists as a destination for travelling. Because of its geographical location, the city has a humid and wet weather. So,I have chosen this area as my case study due to its potential for becoming an element for green infrastructure method.As the picture indicates, the city and its urban structure has not been designed for rain storms or heavy snow.For instance, pathways, roads and pavements should be redesigned in the green infrastructure method.''

== Author's perspective ==
''I studied Master of Architecture and Bachelor of Architecture engineering in Iran. I have several years work experiences in designing and researching. Currently I am working in a research office voluntarily. I have done some projects about energy saving in architecture and I am going to continue my studying in a field of sustainability development, specially in design and planning.
I have known Motelghoo since childhood. I and my family have been vacationing in this city most of the time.

New constructions in this city have been bringing considerable population for travelling and living to this but the structure of city, roads and pavements has remained unchanging. ''

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

'''Introduction:'''
MAZANDARAN is a Caspian province in the north of Iran, located on the southern coast of the Caspian sea, it is bordered clockwise by the provinces of Golestan to the east, Semnan to the south east, Tehran to the south, Qazvin south west and Gilan by the west.
Mazandaran is one of the most densely populated provinces in Iran and has diverse natural resources, especially large reservoirs of oil and natural gas.
The province covers an area of 23756 Km, equal to 1.46 percent of the country and has a population of 3,000,000 equal to 4 percent of the population of the country. The province also consists of 52 cities, 3600 villages and 45 sections.
There are 18 counties in the province including Sari, Behshahr, Babol, Amol, Qaemshahr, Ramsar, Tonekabon, Chaloos, Noshahr, Noor, Mahmoodabad, Savadkooh, Babolsar, Jooybar, Neka, Behshahr, Galoogah, Fereidoonkenar and Abbas Abad

The province's five largest counties are Sari, Behshahr, Babol, Amol and Qaemshahr. Founded as province in 1937, Mazandaran was declared the second modern province after neighboring Gilan.
The diverse nature of the province features plains, prairies, forests and jungles stretching from the sandy beaches of the Caspian Sea to the rugged and snowcapped Elburz sierra, including Mount Damavand, the highest peak and volcano in the Middle East and Western Asia, which at the narrowest point (Nowshahr County) narrows to 5 miles.
Mazandaran is a major producer of farmed fish and aquaculture provides an important economic addition to traditional dominance of agriculture. Another important contributor to the economy is the tourism industry, as people from all of Iran enjoy visiting the area. Mazandaran is also a fast-growing centre for biotechnology and civil engineering.
Human habitation in the area dates back at least 75,000 years. Recent excavations in Goher Tippe provide proof that the area has been urbanized for more than 5,000 years, and the area is considered one of the most important historical sites of Iran. It has played an important role in cultural and urban development of the region.
Indigenous peoples of the region include the ethnic Mazanderanis speaking an Iranian language which most resembles Gilaki and Sangiseri
Mazandaran province central coordination locates in 36.5656°N 53.0588°E.
The population of the province has been steadily growing during the last 50 years. The population is of Caucasian Iranian stock with a minority of non-native neighboring Turkic tribes (esp. the Turkomen), a sizable Armenian minority and Russian immigrants, mainly from former Soviet republics of Georgia (country), Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan.
The Mazandaran Sea provides a beautiful coastline in north of Sari; northeast of the city is Neka. Qa'emshahr (Formerly known as Shahi) is to its southwest, Juybar is to its northwest, and Kiyasar, Damghan, and Semnan are in the south part of Sari.
Sari is the provincial capital of Mazandaran, located in the north of Iran, between the northern slopes of the Alborz Mountains and southern coast of Caspian (Mazandaran) Sea. Its population is estimated to be 261,293, as of 2006. It has a land area of 5,089 square kilometers. Sari is one of the entertainment and sports centers of Iran.

'''Geography and Climate:'''
Mazandaran province is geographically divided into two parts: the coastal plains, and the mountainous areas. The Alborz Mountain Range surrounds the coastal strip and plains of the Caspian Sea like a huge barrier.
There is often snowfall during most of the seasons in the Alborz regions, which run parallel to the Caspian Sea's southern coast, dividing the province into many isolated valleys. The province enjoys a moderate, subtropical climate with an average temperature of 25 °C in summer and about 8 °C in winter. Although snow may fall heavily in the mountains in winter, it rarely falls around sea lines.
There is often snowfall during most of the seasons in the Alborz regions, which run parallel to the Caspian Sea's southern coast, dividing the province into many isolated valleys. The province enjoys a moderate, subtropical climate with an average temperature of 25 °C in summer and about 8 °C in winter. Although snow may fall heavily in the mountains in winter, it rarely falls around sea lines. (http://www.mazandaran.rmto.ir/)

'''About Salman Shahr (Motelghoo):'''
Salman Shahr (formerly, Motel Qū (Persian: متل قو/ سلمان شهر) and Saqikelayeh (Persian: ساقيكِلايِه) is a city in and capital of Salman Shahr, Abbasabad District, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 9,592, in 2,605 families. Salman Shahr is located 30 kilometres (19 mi) east of Tonekabon en route to the city of Chaloos.
Salman Shar is the new name for this city after the Islamic revolution. In the past, the city was called Saghi Kelaye and was also named after its famous hotel Motel Ghoo or Motel Qu (Swan Motel). Salman Shar city is a new settlement that was established in 1961 which was incorporated as a municipality in 1962.
In the late 2000s the major development and construction projects called "Ghoo" or "Diamond of the Middle East" were kicked off. The core of this project is built in the same place as where motel Ghoo was located.(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salman_Shahr_District)

*''
'''History
Pre Islamic History:'''
The region is known to have been populated from early antiquity, and Mazandaran has changed hands among various dynasties from early in its history. There are several fortresses remaining from Parthian and Sassanid times, and many older cemeteries scattered throughout the province. During this era, Mazandaran was part of Hyrcania Province which was one of important provinces.
With the advent of the Sassanid dynasty, the King of Mazandaran (Tabaristan andPadashkhwargar) was Gushnasp, whose ancestors had reigned in the area (under the Parthian empire) since the time of Alexandar. In 529-536 Mazandarn was ruled by Sassanid prince Kawus son of Kawadh. Anushirawan, the Sassanid king, put in his place Zarmihr, who claimed his ancestry from the legendary blacksmith Kaveh. This dynasty ruled till 645 A.D., when Gil Gilanshah (a descendant of the Sassanid king Jamasp and a son of Piruz) joined Mazandaran to Gilan. These families had descendants who ruled during the Islamic period.

'''Mazandaran Today,
General:'''
The culture of Mazandaran is closely related to that of neighboring Gilan (or Guilan) and similarities between the two are abundant. The cuisine of the province is very rich in seafood due to its location by the Caspian Sea, and rice is present in virtually every meal. Indeed, the rest of Iran was introduced to rice through Gilan and Mazandaran. Before the 1800s, Persians, Kurds, and other Iranian ethnic groups used bread rather than rice as an accompaniment to their meals, though bread remains a prominent staple among them. While bread remains very popular among those groups, in Gilan and Mazandaran, rice remains the choice staple of the indigenous inhabitants.
Mazanderani or Tabarian is a Northwestern Iranian language. Various Mazandarani's dialects exist which are spoken in Mazandaran province and the neighbour province Golestan such as Mazanderani, and Gorgani. Also, Qadikolahi (Ghadikolahi) and Palani may be dialects. Mazandarani mostly resemble Gilaki. Today, Mazandaranis also use Persian (Western Persian). The educated can communicate and read Persian well.
A dialect of Azeri is spoken in the town of Galoogah
In Persian epic, Shahnameh, Mazandaran is mentioned in two different sections. First time implicitly, when Fereydun sets its capital in a city called Tamishe near Amol:
Under the title, and when Manuchehr is returning to Fereydun's capital, Tamisheh in Mazandaran (known as Tabarestan), after victory over Salm and Tur:
In the second section, a region called Mazandaran is mentioned at Kai Kavoos era frequently, it is an area which is mostly inhabited by Div (demons). The legendary Iranian Shah Kaykavoos as well as the Iranian hero Rostam each take turn to go to Mazandaran in order to battle the demons.
A famous verse from Shahnameh is when Zal tells Kai Kavoos:
"I heard troubling news that the king is planning to go to Mazandaran"
However, this Mazandaran is not considered identical to the modern province of Mazandaran, and is instead a land to the west of Iran. The current province was simply considered a part of Tabaristan; the name Mazandaran is a later development, perhaps based upon local terminology.

'''Economy:'''
Having sea, jungle and tourism all together has made the province one of the 5 wealthiest in Iran in terms of GDP and net worth. The recent explored oil resources will make the status even better by attracting new investment in the field. Rice, grain, fruits, cotton, tea, tobacco, sugarcane, and silk are produced in the lowland strip along the Caspian shore. Oil wealth has stimulated industries in food processing, cement, textiles, cotton, and fishing (caviar).
Suitable environmental conditions, pleasant and moderate climate, beautiful natural landscapes, and proximity to Tehran, have led the province to be one of the main recreational and tourism areas of Iran.
Iran's Cultural Heritage Organization lists close to 630 sites of historical and cultural significance, hence a wealth of tourist attractions. (http://www.mazandaran.rmto.ir/)

''

*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Location; Mazandaran, Iran.jpg|Location; Mazandaran, Iran
Image:Salman Shahr ( Motelghoo); Bird view.jpg|Salman Shahr ( Motelghoo); Bird view
Image:Temprature and Climate Graphs.jpg|Temprature and Climate Graphs
Image:Average Temprature and Rainfall.jpg|Average Temprature and Rainfall
Image:Daryagooshe; Main street.jpg|Daryagooshe; Main street
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Case study 1- Motelghoo, a city where is located in the north of Iran.jpeg|Pavements and streets instructions has not been designed for storm waters, so it has caused a lot of problem as can be seen.
Image:Daryagooshe pavements; Potential for Green infrastructure designing .jpg|Daryagooshe pavements; Potential for Green infrastructure designing
Image:Daryagooshe green space; Potential for Green infrastructure designing.jpg|Daryagooshe green space; Potential for Green infrastructure designing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''
'''Using Permeable pavements,'''

'''Benefits for this site:'''

'''Reduces Storm water Runoff:'''

• Permeable pavement reduces surface runoff volumes and rates by allowing storm water to infiltrate underlying soils.

• By reducing runoff volumes and rates, permeable pavement can lower water treatment costs and reduce flooding and erosion.

'''Increases Groundwater Recharge:'''

• By allowing rainfall to infiltrate, permeable pavement can help increase groundwater recharge.

'''Reduces Energy Use:'''

• The use of permeable pavements also has the potential to reduce energy use by lowering surrounding air temperatures, which in turn reduces demand on cooling systems within buildings.

'''Improves Air Quality:'''

• Because permeable pavement captures rainfall onsite, communities can reduce the amount of water treatment needed, in turn reducing air pollution from power plants.

• By reducing the urban heat island effect, permeable pavement decreases ground level ozone formation, which directly impacts air quality.

'''Reduces Urban Heat Island:'''

• Permeable pavement absorbs less heat than conventional pavement, which helps to reduce the surrounding air temperature and decrease the amount of energy needed for cooling.

'''Using Green Roofs,'''

'''Benefits for this site:'''

'''Reduces Storm water Runoff:'''

• Green roofs can store significant amounts of water in their growing media. This water is eventually evaporated from the soil or transpired by the plants on the roof, thus reducing the runoff entering sewer systems and waterways, which can help alleviate the risk of combined sewer overflows (CSO).

'''Reduces Energy Use:'''

• Additional insulation provided by the growing media of a green roof can reduce a building’s energy consumption by providing superior insulation compared to conventional roofing materials.

• Evaporative cooling from water retained in the growing media reduces roof surface temperatures during hot days.

'''Reduces Urban Heat Island:'''

• The local evaporative cooling provided by green roofs can reduce elevated temperatures present in urban areas as a result of heat-absorbing surfaces such as streets and conventional roofs.

'''Improves Community Livability:'''

• Green roofs improve the local aesthetics of a community.

• Green roofs can increase recreational opportunities by providing outdoor areas for people to use and enjoy. They also have the potential to foster improved community interactions that help build social capital.

• Green roofs may also provide opportunities for urban agriculture.

'''Cultivates Public Education Opportunities:'''

• Green roofs and permeable pavements increase community interest in green infrastructure through their aesthetic appeal, which provides a great opportunity for public education.

• The installation of permeable pavement and green roofs can provide an opportunity to further educate the public about the benefits of green infrastructure in Iran. Using Green infrastructure method in this site provides an opportunity to develop community awareness and understanding around the importance of sustainable water resource management.

''

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Green infrastructure has typically multiple functions. What could be achieved for your site in this respect?''

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''100 words approx.''

== Image Gallery ==
''Please add further images/photos here''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:IMG 1993.JPG|Winter 2014, unexpected snow, Daryagooshe street, the north view
Image:IMG 1996.JPG|Winter 2014, unexpected snow, Daryagooshe street, the south view
Image:IMG 1992.JPG|Winter 2014, unexpected snow, Motelghoo beach
Image:IMG 6087.PNG|Motelghoo main road, a rainy day
Image:IMG 5954.JPG|Motelghoo plaza
Image:IMG 6088.PNG|Heavy traffic in holidays, Motelghoo main road
Image:IMG 6081.PNG|Daryagooshe street
Image:IMG 6082.PNG|Daryagooshe street
</gallery>

== References ==

*''please add your references here''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Green Infrastructure 2014 Group K - Case Study 2

2014-11-28T19:41:22Z

Kianik: /* Landscape and/or urban context of your case */

Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group K - Case Study 1

2014-11-28T19:38:41Z

Kianik: /* Author's perspective */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_K|working group K]]

'''''Salman Shahr( Motelghoo), Mazandaran, Iran'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Salman Shahr(Motelghoo)''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Iran''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Salman Shahr(Motelghoo)''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Kimia Kiani''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:IMG 6084.PNG|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=300
|lat=36.709167
|lng=51.19916699999999
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

''Salman Shahr(Motelghoo) is a small city where is located in the north of Iran, between Alborz mountains and Caspian sea. It is a beautiful city with a fabulous scene from mountains to sea although uploaded pictures illustrate only the problems in urban structures in the city.Also the city is chosen by local and foreign tourists as a destination for travelling. Because of its geographical location, the city has a humid and wet weather. So,I have chosen this area as my case study due to its potential for becoming an element for green infrastructure method.As the picture indicates, the city and its urban structure has not been designed for rain storms or heavy snow.For instance, pathways, roads and pavements should be redesigned in the green infrastructure method.''

== Author's perspective ==
''I studied Master of Architecture and Bachelor of Architecture engineering in Iran. I have several years work experiences in designing and researching. Currently I am working in a research office voluntarily. I have done some projects about energy saving in architecture and I am going to continue my studying in a field of sustainability development, specially in design and planning.
I have known Motelghoo since childhood. I and my family have been vacationing in this city most of the time.

New constructions in this city have been bringing considerable population for travelling and living to this but the structure of city, roads and pavements has remained unchanging. ''

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

'''Introduction:'''
MAZANDARAN is a Caspian province in the north of Iran, located on the southern coast of the Caspian sea, it is bordered clockwise by the provinces of Golestan to the east, Semnan to the south east, Tehran to the south, Qazvin south west and Gilan by the west.
Mazandaran is one of the most densely populated provinces in Iran and has diverse natural resources, especially large reservoirs of oil and natural gas.
The province covers an area of 23756 Km, equal to 1.46 percent of the country and has a population of 3,000,000 equal to 4 percent of the population of the country. The province also consists of 52 cities, 3600 villages and 45 sections.
There are 18 counties in the province including Sari, Behshahr, Babol, Amol, Qaemshahr, Ramsar, Tonekabon, Chaloos, Noshahr, Noor, Mahmoodabad, Savadkooh, Babolsar, Jooybar, Neka, Behshahr, Galoogah, Fereidoonkenar and Abbas Abad

The province's five largest counties are Sari, Behshahr, Babol, Amol and Qaemshahr. Founded as province in 1937, Mazandaran was declared the second modern province after neighboring Gilan.
The diverse nature of the province features plains, prairies, forests and jungles stretching from the sandy beaches of the Caspian Sea to the rugged and snowcapped Elburz sierra, including Mount Damavand, the highest peak and volcano in the Middle East and Western Asia, which at the narrowest point (Nowshahr County) narrows to 5 miles.
Mazandaran is a major producer of farmed fish and aquaculture provides an important economic addition to traditional dominance of agriculture. Another important contributor to the economy is the tourism industry, as people from all of Iran enjoy visiting the area. Mazandaran is also a fast-growing centre for biotechnology and civil engineering.
Human habitation in the area dates back at least 75,000 years. Recent excavations in Goher Tippe provide proof that the area has been urbanized for more than 5,000 years, and the area is considered one of the most important historical sites of Iran. It has played an important role in cultural and urban development of the region.
Indigenous peoples of the region include the ethnic Mazanderanis speaking an Iranian language which most resembles Gilaki and Sangiseri
Mazandaran province central coordination locates in 36.5656°N 53.0588°E.
The population of the province has been steadily growing during the last 50 years. The population is of Caucasian Iranian stock with a minority of non-native neighboring Turkic tribes (esp. the Turkomen), a sizable Armenian minority and Russian immigrants, mainly from former Soviet republics of Georgia (country), Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan.
The Mazandaran Sea provides a beautiful coastline in north of Sari; northeast of the city is Neka. Qa'emshahr (Formerly known as Shahi) is to its southwest, Juybar is to its northwest, and Kiyasar, Damghan, and Semnan are in the south part of Sari.
Sari is the provincial capital of Mazandaran, located in the north of Iran, between the northern slopes of the Alborz Mountains and southern coast of Caspian (Mazandaran) Sea. Its population is estimated to be 261,293, as of 2006. It has a land area of 5,089 square kilometers. Sari is one of the entertainment and sports centers of Iran.

'''Geography and Climate:'''
Mazandaran province is geographically divided into two parts: the coastal plains, and the mountainous areas. The Alborz Mountain Range surrounds the coastal strip and plains of the Caspian Sea like a huge barrier.
There is often snowfall during most of the seasons in the Alborz regions, which run parallel to the Caspian Sea's southern coast, dividing the province into many isolated valleys. The province enjoys a moderate, subtropical climate with an average temperature of 25 °C in summer and about 8 °C in winter. Although snow may fall heavily in the mountains in winter, it rarely falls around sea lines.
There is often snowfall during most of the seasons in the Alborz regions, which run parallel to the Caspian Sea's southern coast, dividing the province into many isolated valleys. The province enjoys a moderate, subtropical climate with an average temperature of 25 °C in summer and about 8 °C in winter. Although snow may fall heavily in the mountains in winter, it rarely falls around sea lines. (http://www.mazandaran.rmto.ir/)

'''About Salman Shahr (Motelghoo):'''
Salman Shahr (formerly, Motel Qū (Persian: متل قو/ سلمان شهر) and Saqikelayeh (Persian: ساقيكِلايِه) is a city in and capital of Salman Shahr, Abbasabad District, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 9,592, in 2,605 families. Salman Shahr is located 30 kilometres (19 mi) east of Tonekabon en route to the city of Chaloos.
Salman Shar is the new name for this city after the Islamic revolution. In the past, the city was called Saghi Kelaye and was also named after its famous hotel Motel Ghoo or Motel Qu (Swan Motel). Salman Shar city is a new settlement that was established in 1961 which was incorporated as a municipality in 1962.
In the late 2000s the major development and construction projects called "Ghoo" or "Diamond of the Middle East" were kicked off. The core of this project is built in the same place as where motel Ghoo was located.(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salman_Shahr_District)

==

*''
'''History
Pre Islamic History:'''
The region is known to have been populated from early antiquity, and Mazandaran has changed hands among various dynasties from early in its history. There are several fortresses remaining from Parthian and Sassanid times, and many older cemeteries scattered throughout the province. During this era, Mazandaran was part of Hyrcania Province which was one of important provinces.
With the advent of the Sassanid dynasty, the King of Mazandaran (Tabaristan andPadashkhwargar) was Gushnasp, whose ancestors had reigned in the area (under the Parthian empire) since the time of Alexandar. In 529-536 Mazandarn was ruled by Sassanid prince Kawus son of Kawadh. Anushirawan, the Sassanid king, put in his place Zarmihr, who claimed his ancestry from the legendary blacksmith Kaveh. This dynasty ruled till 645 A.D., when Gil Gilanshah (a descendant of the Sassanid king Jamasp and a son of Piruz) joined Mazandaran to Gilan. These families had descendants who ruled during the Islamic period.

'''Mazandaran Today,
General:'''
The culture of Mazandaran is closely related to that of neighboring Gilan (or Guilan) and similarities between the two are abundant. The cuisine of the province is very rich in seafood due to its location by the Caspian Sea, and rice is present in virtually every meal. Indeed, the rest of Iran was introduced to rice through Gilan and Mazandaran. Before the 1800s, Persians, Kurds, and other Iranian ethnic groups used bread rather than rice as an accompaniment to their meals, though bread remains a prominent staple among them. While bread remains very popular among those groups, in Gilan and Mazandaran, rice remains the choice staple of the indigenous inhabitants.
Mazanderani or Tabarian is a Northwestern Iranian language. Various Mazandarani's dialects exist which are spoken in Mazandaran province and the neighbour province Golestan such as Mazanderani, and Gorgani. Also, Qadikolahi (Ghadikolahi) and Palani may be dialects. Mazandarani mostly resemble Gilaki. Today, Mazandaranis also use Persian (Western Persian). The educated can communicate and read Persian well.
A dialect of Azeri is spoken in the town of Galoogah
In Persian epic, Shahnameh, Mazandaran is mentioned in two different sections. First time implicitly, when Fereydun sets its capital in a city called Tamishe near Amol:
Under the title, and when Manuchehr is returning to Fereydun's capital, Tamisheh in Mazandaran (known as Tabarestan), after victory over Salm and Tur:
In the second section, a region called Mazandaran is mentioned at Kai Kavoos era frequently, it is an area which is mostly inhabited by Div (demons). The legendary Iranian Shah Kaykavoos as well as the Iranian hero Rostam each take turn to go to Mazandaran in order to battle the demons.
A famous verse from Shahnameh is when Zal tells Kai Kavoos:
"I heard troubling news that the king is planning to go to Mazandaran"
However, this Mazandaran is not considered identical to the modern province of Mazandaran, and is instead a land to the west of Iran. The current province was simply considered a part of Tabaristan; the name Mazandaran is a later development, perhaps based upon local terminology.

'''Economy:'''
Having sea, jungle and tourism all together has made the province one of the 5 wealthiest in Iran in terms of GDP and net worth. The recent explored oil resources will make the status even better by attracting new investment in the field. Rice, grain, fruits, cotton, tea, tobacco, sugarcane, and silk are produced in the lowland strip along the Caspian shore. Oil wealth has stimulated industries in food processing, cement, textiles, cotton, and fishing (caviar).
Suitable environmental conditions, pleasant and moderate climate, beautiful natural landscapes, and proximity to Tehran, have led the province to be one of the main recreational and tourism areas of Iran.
Iran's Cultural Heritage Organization lists close to 630 sites of historical and cultural significance, hence a wealth of tourist attractions. (http://www.mazandaran.rmto.ir/)

''
*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Location; Mazandaran, Iran.jpg|Location; Mazandaran, Iran
Image:Salman Shahr ( Motelghoo); Bird view.jpg|Salman Shahr ( Motelghoo); Bird view
Image:Temprature and Climate Graphs.jpg|Temprature and Climate Graphs
Image:Average Temprature and Rainfall.jpg|Average Temprature and Rainfall
Image:Daryagooshe; Main street.jpg|Daryagooshe; Main street
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Case study 1- Motelghoo, a city where is located in the north of Iran.jpeg|Pavements and streets instructions has not been designed for storm waters, so it has caused a lot of problem as can be seen.
Image:Daryagooshe pavements; Potential for Green infrastructure designing .jpg|Daryagooshe pavements; Potential for Green infrastructure designing
Image:Daryagooshe green space; Potential for Green infrastructure designing.jpg|Daryagooshe green space; Potential for Green infrastructure designing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''
'''Using Permeable pavements,'''

'''Benefits for this site:'''

'''Reduces Storm water Runoff:'''

• Permeable pavement reduces surface runoff volumes and rates by allowing storm water to infiltrate underlying soils.

• By reducing runoff volumes and rates, permeable pavement can lower water treatment costs and reduce flooding and erosion.

'''Increases Groundwater Recharge:'''

• By allowing rainfall to infiltrate, permeable pavement can help increase groundwater recharge.

'''Reduces Energy Use:'''

• The use of permeable pavements also has the potential to reduce energy use by lowering surrounding air temperatures, which in turn reduces demand on cooling systems within buildings.

'''Improves Air Quality:'''

• Because permeable pavement captures rainfall onsite, communities can reduce the amount of water treatment needed, in turn reducing air pollution from power plants.

• By reducing the urban heat island effect, permeable pavement decreases ground level ozone formation, which directly impacts air quality.

'''Reduces Urban Heat Island:'''

• Permeable pavement absorbs less heat than conventional pavement, which helps to reduce the surrounding air temperature and decrease the amount of energy needed for cooling.

'''Using Green Roofs,'''

'''Benefits for this site:'''

'''Reduces Storm water Runoff:'''

• Green roofs can store significant amounts of water in their growing media. This water is eventually evaporated from the soil or transpired by the plants on the roof, thus reducing the runoff entering sewer systems and waterways, which can help alleviate the risk of combined sewer overflows (CSO).

'''Reduces Energy Use:'''

• Additional insulation provided by the growing media of a green roof can reduce a building’s energy consumption by providing superior insulation compared to conventional roofing materials.

• Evaporative cooling from water retained in the growing media reduces roof surface temperatures during hot days.

'''Reduces Urban Heat Island:'''

• The local evaporative cooling provided by green roofs can reduce elevated temperatures present in urban areas as a result of heat-absorbing surfaces such as streets and conventional roofs.

'''Improves Community Livability:'''

• Green roofs improve the local aesthetics of a community.

• Green roofs can increase recreational opportunities by providing outdoor areas for people to use and enjoy. They also have the potential to foster improved community interactions that help build social capital.

• Green roofs may also provide opportunities for urban agriculture.

'''Cultivates Public Education Opportunities:'''

• Green roofs and permeable pavements increase community interest in green infrastructure through their aesthetic appeal, which provides a great opportunity for public education.

• The installation of permeable pavement and green roofs can provide an opportunity to further educate the public about the benefits of green infrastructure in Iran. Using Green infrastructure method in this site provides an opportunity to develop community awareness and understanding around the importance of sustainable water resource management.

''

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Green infrastructure has typically multiple functions. What could be achieved for your site in this respect?''

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''100 words approx.''

== Image Gallery ==
''Please add further images/photos here''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:IMG 1993.JPG|Winter 2014, unexpected snow, Daryagooshe street, the north view
Image:IMG 1996.JPG|Winter 2014, unexpected snow, Daryagooshe street, the south view
Image:IMG 1992.JPG|Winter 2014, unexpected snow, Motelghoo beach
Image:IMG 6087.PNG|Motelghoo main road, a rainy day
Image:IMG 5954.JPG|Motelghoo plaza
Image:IMG 6088.PNG|Heavy traffic in holidays, Motelghoo main road
Image:IMG 6081.PNG|Daryagooshe street
Image:IMG 6082.PNG|Daryagooshe street
</gallery>

== References ==

*''please add your references here''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group K - Case Study 1

2014-11-28T19:33:12Z

Kianik: /* Green Infrastructure benefits for this site */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_K|working group K]]

'''''Salman Shahr( Motelghoo), Mazandaran, Iran'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Salman Shahr(Motelghoo)''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Iran''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Salman Shahr(Motelghoo)''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Kimia Kiani''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:IMG 6084.PNG|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=300
|lat=36.709167
|lng=51.19916699999999
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

''Salman Shahr(Motelghoo) is a small city where is located in the north of Iran, between Alborz mountains and Caspian sea. It is a beautiful city with a fabulous scene from mountains to sea although uploaded pictures illustrate only the problems in urban structures in the city.Also the city is chosen by local and foreign tourists as a destination for travelling. Because of its geographical location, the city has a humid and wet weather. So,I have chosen this area as my case study due to its potential for becoming an element for green infrastructure method.As the picture indicates, the city and its urban structure has not been designed for rain storms or heavy snow.For instance, pathways, roads and pavements should be redesigned in the green infrastructure method.''

== Author's perspective ==
''I studied Master of Architecture and Bachelor of Architecture engineering in Iran. I have several years work experiences in designing and researching. Currently I am working in a research office voluntarily. I have done some projects about energy saving in architecture and I am going to continue my studying in a field of sustainability development, specially in design and planning.
I have known Motelghoo since childhood. I and my family have been vacationing in this city most of the time.

New constructions in this city have been bringing considerable population for travelling and living to this but the structure of city, roads and pavements has remained unchanging. ''

== '''Introduction:'''
MAZANDARAN is a Caspian province in the north of Iran, located on the southern coast of the Caspian sea, it is bordered clockwise by the provinces of Golestan to the east, Semnan to the south east, Tehran to the south, Qazvin south west and Gilan by the west.
Mazandaran is one of the most densely populated provinces in Iran and has diverse natural resources, especially large reservoirs of oil and natural gas.
The province covers an area of 23756 Km, equal to 1.46 percent of the country and has a population of 3,000,000 equal to 4 percent of the population of the country. The province also consists of 52 cities, 3600 villages and 45 sections.
There are 18 counties in the province including Sari, Behshahr, Babol, Amol, Qaemshahr, Ramsar, Tonekabon, Chaloos, Noshahr, Noor, Mahmoodabad, Savadkooh, Babolsar, Jooybar, Neka, Behshahr, Galoogah, Fereidoonkenar and Abbas Abad

The province's five largest counties are Sari, Behshahr, Babol, Amol and Qaemshahr. Founded as province in 1937, Mazandaran was declared the second modern province after neighboring Gilan.
The diverse nature of the province features plains, prairies, forests and jungles stretching from the sandy beaches of the Caspian Sea to the rugged and snowcapped Elburz sierra, including Mount Damavand, the highest peak and volcano in the Middle East and Western Asia, which at the narrowest point (Nowshahr County) narrows to 5 miles.
Mazandaran is a major producer of farmed fish and aquaculture provides an important economic addition to traditional dominance of agriculture. Another important contributor to the economy is the tourism industry, as people from all of Iran enjoy visiting the area. Mazandaran is also a fast-growing centre for biotechnology and civil engineering.
Human habitation in the area dates back at least 75,000 years. Recent excavations in Goher Tippe provide proof that the area has been urbanized for more than 5,000 years, and the area is considered one of the most important historical sites of Iran. It has played an important role in cultural and urban development of the region.
Indigenous peoples of the region include the ethnic Mazanderanis speaking an Iranian language which most resembles Gilaki and Sangiseri
Mazandaran province central coordination locates in 36.5656°N 53.0588°E.
The population of the province has been steadily growing during the last 50 years. The population is of Caucasian Iranian stock with a minority of non-native neighboring Turkic tribes (esp. the Turkomen), a sizable Armenian minority and Russian immigrants, mainly from former Soviet republics of Georgia (country), Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan.
The Mazandaran Sea provides a beautiful coastline in north of Sari; northeast of the city is Neka. Qa'emshahr (Formerly known as Shahi) is to its southwest, Juybar is to its northwest, and Kiyasar, Damghan, and Semnan are in the south part of Sari.
Sari is the provincial capital of Mazandaran, located in the north of Iran, between the northern slopes of the Alborz Mountains and southern coast of Caspian (Mazandaran) Sea. Its population is estimated to be 261,293, as of 2006. It has a land area of 5,089 square kilometers. Sari is one of the entertainment and sports centers of Iran.

'''Geography and Climate:'''
Mazandaran province is geographically divided into two parts: the coastal plains, and the mountainous areas. The Alborz Mountain Range surrounds the coastal strip and plains of the Caspian Sea like a huge barrier.
There is often snowfall during most of the seasons in the Alborz regions, which run parallel to the Caspian Sea's southern coast, dividing the province into many isolated valleys. The province enjoys a moderate, subtropical climate with an average temperature of 25 °C in summer and about 8 °C in winter. Although snow may fall heavily in the mountains in winter, it rarely falls around sea lines.
There is often snowfall during most of the seasons in the Alborz regions, which run parallel to the Caspian Sea's southern coast, dividing the province into many isolated valleys. The province enjoys a moderate, subtropical climate with an average temperature of 25 °C in summer and about 8 °C in winter. Although snow may fall heavily in the mountains in winter, it rarely falls around sea lines. (http://www.mazandaran.rmto.ir/)

'''About Salman Shahr (Motelghoo):'''
Salman Shahr (formerly, Motel Qū (Persian: متل قو/ سلمان شهر) and Saqikelayeh (Persian: ساقيكِلايِه) is a city in and capital of Salman Shahr, Abbasabad District, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 9,592, in 2,605 families. Salman Shahr is located 30 kilometres (19 mi) east of Tonekabon en route to the city of Chaloos.
Salman Shar is the new name for this city after the Islamic revolution. In the past, the city was called Saghi Kelaye and was also named after its famous hotel Motel Ghoo or Motel Qu (Swan Motel). Salman Shar city is a new settlement that was established in 1961 which was incorporated as a municipality in 1962.
In the late 2000s the major development and construction projects called "Ghoo" or "Diamond of the Middle East" were kicked off. The core of this project is built in the same place as where motel Ghoo was located.(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salman_Shahr_District)

==

*''
'''History
Pre Islamic History:'''
The region is known to have been populated from early antiquity, and Mazandaran has changed hands among various dynasties from early in its history. There are several fortresses remaining from Parthian and Sassanid times, and many older cemeteries scattered throughout the province. During this era, Mazandaran was part of Hyrcania Province which was one of important provinces.
With the advent of the Sassanid dynasty, the King of Mazandaran (Tabaristan andPadashkhwargar) was Gushnasp, whose ancestors had reigned in the area (under the Parthian empire) since the time of Alexandar. In 529-536 Mazandarn was ruled by Sassanid prince Kawus son of Kawadh. Anushirawan, the Sassanid king, put in his place Zarmihr, who claimed his ancestry from the legendary blacksmith Kaveh. This dynasty ruled till 645 A.D., when Gil Gilanshah (a descendant of the Sassanid king Jamasp and a son of Piruz) joined Mazandaran to Gilan. These families had descendants who ruled during the Islamic period.

'''Mazandaran Today,
General:'''
The culture of Mazandaran is closely related to that of neighboring Gilan (or Guilan) and similarities between the two are abundant. The cuisine of the province is very rich in seafood due to its location by the Caspian Sea, and rice is present in virtually every meal. Indeed, the rest of Iran was introduced to rice through Gilan and Mazandaran. Before the 1800s, Persians, Kurds, and other Iranian ethnic groups used bread rather than rice as an accompaniment to their meals, though bread remains a prominent staple among them. While bread remains very popular among those groups, in Gilan and Mazandaran, rice remains the choice staple of the indigenous inhabitants.
Mazanderani or Tabarian is a Northwestern Iranian language. Various Mazandarani's dialects exist which are spoken in Mazandaran province and the neighbour province Golestan such as Mazanderani, and Gorgani. Also, Qadikolahi (Ghadikolahi) and Palani may be dialects. Mazandarani mostly resemble Gilaki. Today, Mazandaranis also use Persian (Western Persian). The educated can communicate and read Persian well.
A dialect of Azeri is spoken in the town of Galoogah
In Persian epic, Shahnameh, Mazandaran is mentioned in two different sections. First time implicitly, when Fereydun sets its capital in a city called Tamishe near Amol:
Under the title, and when Manuchehr is returning to Fereydun's capital, Tamisheh in Mazandaran (known as Tabarestan), after victory over Salm and Tur:
In the second section, a region called Mazandaran is mentioned at Kai Kavoos era frequently, it is an area which is mostly inhabited by Div (demons). The legendary Iranian Shah Kaykavoos as well as the Iranian hero Rostam each take turn to go to Mazandaran in order to battle the demons.
A famous verse from Shahnameh is when Zal tells Kai Kavoos:
"I heard troubling news that the king is planning to go to Mazandaran"
However, this Mazandaran is not considered identical to the modern province of Mazandaran, and is instead a land to the west of Iran. The current province was simply considered a part of Tabaristan; the name Mazandaran is a later development, perhaps based upon local terminology.

'''Economy:'''
Having sea, jungle and tourism all together has made the province one of the 5 wealthiest in Iran in terms of GDP and net worth. The recent explored oil resources will make the status even better by attracting new investment in the field. Rice, grain, fruits, cotton, tea, tobacco, sugarcane, and silk are produced in the lowland strip along the Caspian shore. Oil wealth has stimulated industries in food processing, cement, textiles, cotton, and fishing (caviar).
Suitable environmental conditions, pleasant and moderate climate, beautiful natural landscapes, and proximity to Tehran, have led the province to be one of the main recreational and tourism areas of Iran.
Iran's Cultural Heritage Organization lists close to 630 sites of historical and cultural significance, hence a wealth of tourist attractions. (http://www.mazandaran.rmto.ir/)

''
*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Location; Mazandaran, Iran.jpg|Location; Mazandaran, Iran
Image:Salman Shahr ( Motelghoo); Bird view.jpg|Salman Shahr ( Motelghoo); Bird view
Image:Temprature and Climate Graphs.jpg|Temprature and Climate Graphs
Image:Average Temprature and Rainfall.jpg|Average Temprature and Rainfall
Image:Daryagooshe; Main street.jpg|Daryagooshe; Main street
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Case study 1- Motelghoo, a city where is located in the north of Iran.jpeg|Pavements and streets instructions has not been designed for storm waters, so it has caused a lot of problem as can be seen.
Image:Daryagooshe pavements; Potential for Green infrastructure designing .jpg|Daryagooshe pavements; Potential for Green infrastructure designing
Image:Daryagooshe green space; Potential for Green infrastructure designing.jpg|Daryagooshe green space; Potential for Green infrastructure designing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''
'''Using Permeable pavements,'''

'''Benefits for this site:'''

'''Reduces Storm water Runoff:'''

• Permeable pavement reduces surface runoff volumes and rates by allowing storm water to infiltrate underlying soils.

• By reducing runoff volumes and rates, permeable pavement can lower water treatment costs and reduce flooding and erosion.

'''Increases Groundwater Recharge:'''

• By allowing rainfall to infiltrate, permeable pavement can help increase groundwater recharge.

'''Reduces Energy Use:'''

• The use of permeable pavements also has the potential to reduce energy use by lowering surrounding air temperatures, which in turn reduces demand on cooling systems within buildings.

'''Improves Air Quality:'''

• Because permeable pavement captures rainfall onsite, communities can reduce the amount of water treatment needed, in turn reducing air pollution from power plants.

• By reducing the urban heat island effect, permeable pavement decreases ground level ozone formation, which directly impacts air quality.

'''Reduces Urban Heat Island:'''

• Permeable pavement absorbs less heat than conventional pavement, which helps to reduce the surrounding air temperature and decrease the amount of energy needed for cooling.

'''Using Green Roofs,'''

'''Benefits for this site:'''

'''Reduces Storm water Runoff:'''

• Green roofs can store significant amounts of water in their growing media. This water is eventually evaporated from the soil or transpired by the plants on the roof, thus reducing the runoff entering sewer systems and waterways, which can help alleviate the risk of combined sewer overflows (CSO).

'''Reduces Energy Use:'''

• Additional insulation provided by the growing media of a green roof can reduce a building’s energy consumption by providing superior insulation compared to conventional roofing materials.

• Evaporative cooling from water retained in the growing media reduces roof surface temperatures during hot days.

'''Reduces Urban Heat Island:'''

• The local evaporative cooling provided by green roofs can reduce elevated temperatures present in urban areas as a result of heat-absorbing surfaces such as streets and conventional roofs.

'''Improves Community Livability:'''

• Green roofs improve the local aesthetics of a community.

• Green roofs can increase recreational opportunities by providing outdoor areas for people to use and enjoy. They also have the potential to foster improved community interactions that help build social capital.

• Green roofs may also provide opportunities for urban agriculture.

'''Cultivates Public Education Opportunities:'''

• Green roofs and permeable pavements increase community interest in green infrastructure through their aesthetic appeal, which provides a great opportunity for public education.

• The installation of permeable pavement and green roofs can provide an opportunity to further educate the public about the benefits of green infrastructure in Iran. Using Green infrastructure method in this site provides an opportunity to develop community awareness and understanding around the importance of sustainable water resource management.

''

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Green infrastructure has typically multiple functions. What could be achieved for your site in this respect?''

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''100 words approx.''

== Image Gallery ==
''Please add further images/photos here''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:IMG 1993.JPG|Winter 2014, unexpected snow, Daryagooshe street, the north view
Image:IMG 1996.JPG|Winter 2014, unexpected snow, Daryagooshe street, the south view
Image:IMG 1992.JPG|Winter 2014, unexpected snow, Motelghoo beach
Image:IMG 6087.PNG|Motelghoo main road, a rainy day
Image:IMG 5954.JPG|Motelghoo plaza
Image:IMG 6088.PNG|Heavy traffic in holidays, Motelghoo main road
Image:IMG 6081.PNG|Daryagooshe street
Image:IMG 6082.PNG|Daryagooshe street
</gallery>

== References ==

*''please add your references here''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group K - Case Study 1

2014-11-28T18:30:53Z

Kianik: /* Green Infrastructure benefits for this site */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_K|working group K]]

'''''Salman Shahr( Motelghoo), Mazandaran, Iran'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Salman Shahr(Motelghoo)''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Iran''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Salman Shahr(Motelghoo)''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Kimia Kiani''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:IMG 6084.PNG|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=300
|lat=36.709167
|lng=51.19916699999999
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

''Salman Shahr(Motelghoo) is a small city where is located in the north of Iran, between Alborz mountains and Caspian sea. It is a beautiful city with a fabulous scene from mountains to sea although uploaded pictures illustrate only the problems in urban structures in the city.Also the city is chosen by local and foreign tourists as a destination for travelling. Because of its geographical location, the city has a humid and wet weather. So,I have chosen this area as my case study due to its potential for becoming an element for green infrastructure method.As the picture indicates, the city and its urban structure has not been designed for rain storms or heavy snow.For instance, pathways, roads and pavements should be redesigned in the green infrastructure method.''

== Author's perspective ==
''I studied Master of Architecture and Bachelor of Architecture engineering in Iran. I have several years work experiences in designing and researching. Currently I am working in a research office voluntarily. I have done some projects about energy saving in architecture and I am going to continue my studying in a field of sustainability development, specially in design and planning.
I have known Motelghoo since childhood. I and my family have been vacationing in this city most of the time.

New constructions in this city have been bringing considerable population for travelling and living to this but the structure of city, roads and pavements has remained unchanging. ''

== '''Introduction:'''
MAZANDARAN is a Caspian province in the north of Iran, located on the southern coast of the Caspian sea, it is bordered clockwise by the provinces of Golestan to the east, Semnan to the south east, Tehran to the south, Qazvin south west and Gilan by the west.
Mazandaran is one of the most densely populated provinces in Iran and has diverse natural resources, especially large reservoirs of oil and natural gas.
The province covers an area of 23756 Km, equal to 1.46 percent of the country and has a population of 3,000,000 equal to 4 percent of the population of the country. The province also consists of 52 cities, 3600 villages and 45 sections.
There are 18 counties in the province including Sari, Behshahr, Babol, Amol, Qaemshahr, Ramsar, Tonekabon, Chaloos, Noshahr, Noor, Mahmoodabad, Savadkooh, Babolsar, Jooybar, Neka, Behshahr, Galoogah, Fereidoonkenar and Abbas Abad

The province's five largest counties are Sari, Behshahr, Babol, Amol and Qaemshahr. Founded as province in 1937, Mazandaran was declared the second modern province after neighboring Gilan.
The diverse nature of the province features plains, prairies, forests and jungles stretching from the sandy beaches of the Caspian Sea to the rugged and snowcapped Elburz sierra, including Mount Damavand, the highest peak and volcano in the Middle East and Western Asia, which at the narrowest point (Nowshahr County) narrows to 5 miles.
Mazandaran is a major producer of farmed fish and aquaculture provides an important economic addition to traditional dominance of agriculture. Another important contributor to the economy is the tourism industry, as people from all of Iran enjoy visiting the area. Mazandaran is also a fast-growing centre for biotechnology and civil engineering.
Human habitation in the area dates back at least 75,000 years. Recent excavations in Goher Tippe provide proof that the area has been urbanized for more than 5,000 years, and the area is considered one of the most important historical sites of Iran. It has played an important role in cultural and urban development of the region.
Indigenous peoples of the region include the ethnic Mazanderanis speaking an Iranian language which most resembles Gilaki and Sangiseri
Mazandaran province central coordination locates in 36.5656°N 53.0588°E.
The population of the province has been steadily growing during the last 50 years. The population is of Caucasian Iranian stock with a minority of non-native neighboring Turkic tribes (esp. the Turkomen), a sizable Armenian minority and Russian immigrants, mainly from former Soviet republics of Georgia (country), Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan.
The Mazandaran Sea provides a beautiful coastline in north of Sari; northeast of the city is Neka. Qa'emshahr (Formerly known as Shahi) is to its southwest, Juybar is to its northwest, and Kiyasar, Damghan, and Semnan are in the south part of Sari.
Sari is the provincial capital of Mazandaran, located in the north of Iran, between the northern slopes of the Alborz Mountains and southern coast of Caspian (Mazandaran) Sea. Its population is estimated to be 261,293, as of 2006. It has a land area of 5,089 square kilometers. Sari is one of the entertainment and sports centers of Iran.

'''Geography and Climate:'''
Mazandaran province is geographically divided into two parts: the coastal plains, and the mountainous areas. The Alborz Mountain Range surrounds the coastal strip and plains of the Caspian Sea like a huge barrier.
There is often snowfall during most of the seasons in the Alborz regions, which run parallel to the Caspian Sea's southern coast, dividing the province into many isolated valleys. The province enjoys a moderate, subtropical climate with an average temperature of 25 °C in summer and about 8 °C in winter. Although snow may fall heavily in the mountains in winter, it rarely falls around sea lines.
There is often snowfall during most of the seasons in the Alborz regions, which run parallel to the Caspian Sea's southern coast, dividing the province into many isolated valleys. The province enjoys a moderate, subtropical climate with an average temperature of 25 °C in summer and about 8 °C in winter. Although snow may fall heavily in the mountains in winter, it rarely falls around sea lines. (http://www.mazandaran.rmto.ir/)

'''About Salman Shahr (Motelghoo):'''
Salman Shahr (formerly, Motel Qū (Persian: متل قو/ سلمان شهر) and Saqikelayeh (Persian: ساقيكِلايِه) is a city in and capital of Salman Shahr, Abbasabad District, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 9,592, in 2,605 families. Salman Shahr is located 30 kilometres (19 mi) east of Tonekabon en route to the city of Chaloos.
Salman Shar is the new name for this city after the Islamic revolution. In the past, the city was called Saghi Kelaye and was also named after its famous hotel Motel Ghoo or Motel Qu (Swan Motel). Salman Shar city is a new settlement that was established in 1961 which was incorporated as a municipality in 1962.
In the late 2000s the major development and construction projects called "Ghoo" or "Diamond of the Middle East" were kicked off. The core of this project is built in the same place as where motel Ghoo was located.(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salman_Shahr_District)

==

*''
'''History
Pre Islamic History:'''
The region is known to have been populated from early antiquity, and Mazandaran has changed hands among various dynasties from early in its history. There are several fortresses remaining from Parthian and Sassanid times, and many older cemeteries scattered throughout the province. During this era, Mazandaran was part of Hyrcania Province which was one of important provinces.
With the advent of the Sassanid dynasty, the King of Mazandaran (Tabaristan andPadashkhwargar) was Gushnasp, whose ancestors had reigned in the area (under the Parthian empire) since the time of Alexandar. In 529-536 Mazandarn was ruled by Sassanid prince Kawus son of Kawadh. Anushirawan, the Sassanid king, put in his place Zarmihr, who claimed his ancestry from the legendary blacksmith Kaveh. This dynasty ruled till 645 A.D., when Gil Gilanshah (a descendant of the Sassanid king Jamasp and a son of Piruz) joined Mazandaran to Gilan. These families had descendants who ruled during the Islamic period.

'''Mazandaran Today,
General:'''
The culture of Mazandaran is closely related to that of neighboring Gilan (or Guilan) and similarities between the two are abundant. The cuisine of the province is very rich in seafood due to its location by the Caspian Sea, and rice is present in virtually every meal. Indeed, the rest of Iran was introduced to rice through Gilan and Mazandaran. Before the 1800s, Persians, Kurds, and other Iranian ethnic groups used bread rather than rice as an accompaniment to their meals, though bread remains a prominent staple among them. While bread remains very popular among those groups, in Gilan and Mazandaran, rice remains the choice staple of the indigenous inhabitants.
Mazanderani or Tabarian is a Northwestern Iranian language. Various Mazandarani's dialects exist which are spoken in Mazandaran province and the neighbour province Golestan such as Mazanderani, and Gorgani. Also, Qadikolahi (Ghadikolahi) and Palani may be dialects. Mazandarani mostly resemble Gilaki. Today, Mazandaranis also use Persian (Western Persian). The educated can communicate and read Persian well.
A dialect of Azeri is spoken in the town of Galoogah
In Persian epic, Shahnameh, Mazandaran is mentioned in two different sections. First time implicitly, when Fereydun sets its capital in a city called Tamishe near Amol:
Under the title, and when Manuchehr is returning to Fereydun's capital, Tamisheh in Mazandaran (known as Tabarestan), after victory over Salm and Tur:
In the second section, a region called Mazandaran is mentioned at Kai Kavoos era frequently, it is an area which is mostly inhabited by Div (demons). The legendary Iranian Shah Kaykavoos as well as the Iranian hero Rostam each take turn to go to Mazandaran in order to battle the demons.
A famous verse from Shahnameh is when Zal tells Kai Kavoos:
"I heard troubling news that the king is planning to go to Mazandaran"
However, this Mazandaran is not considered identical to the modern province of Mazandaran, and is instead a land to the west of Iran. The current province was simply considered a part of Tabaristan; the name Mazandaran is a later development, perhaps based upon local terminology.

'''Economy:'''
Having sea, jungle and tourism all together has made the province one of the 5 wealthiest in Iran in terms of GDP and net worth. The recent explored oil resources will make the status even better by attracting new investment in the field. Rice, grain, fruits, cotton, tea, tobacco, sugarcane, and silk are produced in the lowland strip along the Caspian shore. Oil wealth has stimulated industries in food processing, cement, textiles, cotton, and fishing (caviar).
Suitable environmental conditions, pleasant and moderate climate, beautiful natural landscapes, and proximity to Tehran, have led the province to be one of the main recreational and tourism areas of Iran.
Iran's Cultural Heritage Organization lists close to 630 sites of historical and cultural significance, hence a wealth of tourist attractions. (http://www.mazandaran.rmto.ir/)

''
*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Location; Mazandaran, Iran.jpg|Location; Mazandaran, Iran
Image:Salman Shahr ( Motelghoo); Bird view.jpg|Salman Shahr ( Motelghoo); Bird view
Image:Temprature and Climate Graphs.jpg|Temprature and Climate Graphs
Image:Average Temprature and Rainfall.jpg|Average Temprature and Rainfall
Image:Daryagooshe; Main street.jpg|Daryagooshe; Main street
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Case study 1- Motelghoo, a city where is located in the north of Iran.jpeg|Pavements and streets instructions has not been designed for storm waters, so it has caused a lot of problem as can be seen.
Image:Daryagooshe pavements; Potential for Green infrastructure designing .jpg|Daryagooshe pavements; Potential for Green infrastructure designing
Image:Daryagooshe green space; Potential for Green infrastructure designing.jpg|Daryagooshe green space; Potential for Green infrastructure designing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''
'''Using Permeable pavements:'''

'''Benefits:'''

'''Reduces Storm water Runoff:'''

• Permeable pavement reduces surface runoff volumes and rates by allowing storm water to infiltrate underlying soils.

• By reducing runoff volumes and rates, permeable pavement can lower water treatment costs and reduce flooding and erosion.

'''Increases Groundwater Recharge:'''

• By allowing rainfall to infiltrate, permeable pavement can help increase groundwater recharge.

'''Reduces Energy Use:'''

• The use of permeable pavements also has the potential to reduce energy use by lowering surrounding air temperatures, which in turn reduces demand on cooling systems within buildings.

'''Improves Air Quality:'''

• Because permeable pavement captures rainfall onsite, communities can reduce the amount of water treatment needed, in turn reducing air pollution from power plants.

• By reducing the urban heat island effect, permeable pavement decreases ground level ozone formation, which directly impacts air quality.

'''Reduces Urban Heat Island:'''

• Permeable pavement absorbs less heat than conventional pavement, which helps to reduce the surrounding air temperature and decrease the amount of energy needed for cooling.

'''Cultivates Public Education Opportunities:'''

• The installation of permeable pavement can provide an opportunity to further educate the public about the benefits of green infrastructure in Iran.
''

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Green infrastructure has typically multiple functions. What could be achieved for your site in this respect?''

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''100 words approx.''

== Image Gallery ==
''Please add further images/photos here''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:IMG 1993.JPG|Winter 2014, unexpected snow, Daryagooshe street, the north view
Image:IMG 1996.JPG|Winter 2014, unexpected snow, Daryagooshe street, the south view
Image:IMG 1992.JPG|Winter 2014, unexpected snow, Motelghoo beach
Image:IMG 6087.PNG|Motelghoo main road, a rainy day
Image:IMG 5954.JPG|Motelghoo plaza
Image:IMG 6088.PNG|Heavy traffic in holidays, Motelghoo main road
Image:IMG 6081.PNG|Daryagooshe street
Image:IMG 6082.PNG|Daryagooshe street
</gallery>

== References ==

*''please add your references here''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group K - Case Study 1

2014-11-28T18:28:29Z

Kianik: /* Green Infrastructure benefits for this site */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_K|working group K]]

'''''Salman Shahr( Motelghoo), Mazandaran, Iran'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Salman Shahr(Motelghoo)''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Iran''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Salman Shahr(Motelghoo)''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Kimia Kiani''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:IMG 6084.PNG|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=300
|lat=36.709167
|lng=51.19916699999999
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

''Salman Shahr(Motelghoo) is a small city where is located in the north of Iran, between Alborz mountains and Caspian sea. It is a beautiful city with a fabulous scene from mountains to sea although uploaded pictures illustrate only the problems in urban structures in the city.Also the city is chosen by local and foreign tourists as a destination for travelling. Because of its geographical location, the city has a humid and wet weather. So,I have chosen this area as my case study due to its potential for becoming an element for green infrastructure method.As the picture indicates, the city and its urban structure has not been designed for rain storms or heavy snow.For instance, pathways, roads and pavements should be redesigned in the green infrastructure method.''

== Author's perspective ==
''I studied Master of Architecture and Bachelor of Architecture engineering in Iran. I have several years work experiences in designing and researching. Currently I am working in a research office voluntarily. I have done some projects about energy saving in architecture and I am going to continue my studying in a field of sustainability development, specially in design and planning.
I have known Motelghoo since childhood. I and my family have been vacationing in this city most of the time.

New constructions in this city have been bringing considerable population for travelling and living to this but the structure of city, roads and pavements has remained unchanging. ''

== '''Introduction:'''
MAZANDARAN is a Caspian province in the north of Iran, located on the southern coast of the Caspian sea, it is bordered clockwise by the provinces of Golestan to the east, Semnan to the south east, Tehran to the south, Qazvin south west and Gilan by the west.
Mazandaran is one of the most densely populated provinces in Iran and has diverse natural resources, especially large reservoirs of oil and natural gas.
The province covers an area of 23756 Km, equal to 1.46 percent of the country and has a population of 3,000,000 equal to 4 percent of the population of the country. The province also consists of 52 cities, 3600 villages and 45 sections.
There are 18 counties in the province including Sari, Behshahr, Babol, Amol, Qaemshahr, Ramsar, Tonekabon, Chaloos, Noshahr, Noor, Mahmoodabad, Savadkooh, Babolsar, Jooybar, Neka, Behshahr, Galoogah, Fereidoonkenar and Abbas Abad

The province's five largest counties are Sari, Behshahr, Babol, Amol and Qaemshahr. Founded as province in 1937, Mazandaran was declared the second modern province after neighboring Gilan.
The diverse nature of the province features plains, prairies, forests and jungles stretching from the sandy beaches of the Caspian Sea to the rugged and snowcapped Elburz sierra, including Mount Damavand, the highest peak and volcano in the Middle East and Western Asia, which at the narrowest point (Nowshahr County) narrows to 5 miles.
Mazandaran is a major producer of farmed fish and aquaculture provides an important economic addition to traditional dominance of agriculture. Another important contributor to the economy is the tourism industry, as people from all of Iran enjoy visiting the area. Mazandaran is also a fast-growing centre for biotechnology and civil engineering.
Human habitation in the area dates back at least 75,000 years. Recent excavations in Goher Tippe provide proof that the area has been urbanized for more than 5,000 years, and the area is considered one of the most important historical sites of Iran. It has played an important role in cultural and urban development of the region.
Indigenous peoples of the region include the ethnic Mazanderanis speaking an Iranian language which most resembles Gilaki and Sangiseri
Mazandaran province central coordination locates in 36.5656°N 53.0588°E.
The population of the province has been steadily growing during the last 50 years. The population is of Caucasian Iranian stock with a minority of non-native neighboring Turkic tribes (esp. the Turkomen), a sizable Armenian minority and Russian immigrants, mainly from former Soviet republics of Georgia (country), Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan.
The Mazandaran Sea provides a beautiful coastline in north of Sari; northeast of the city is Neka. Qa'emshahr (Formerly known as Shahi) is to its southwest, Juybar is to its northwest, and Kiyasar, Damghan, and Semnan are in the south part of Sari.
Sari is the provincial capital of Mazandaran, located in the north of Iran, between the northern slopes of the Alborz Mountains and southern coast of Caspian (Mazandaran) Sea. Its population is estimated to be 261,293, as of 2006. It has a land area of 5,089 square kilometers. Sari is one of the entertainment and sports centers of Iran.

'''Geography and Climate:'''
Mazandaran province is geographically divided into two parts: the coastal plains, and the mountainous areas. The Alborz Mountain Range surrounds the coastal strip and plains of the Caspian Sea like a huge barrier.
There is often snowfall during most of the seasons in the Alborz regions, which run parallel to the Caspian Sea's southern coast, dividing the province into many isolated valleys. The province enjoys a moderate, subtropical climate with an average temperature of 25 °C in summer and about 8 °C in winter. Although snow may fall heavily in the mountains in winter, it rarely falls around sea lines.
There is often snowfall during most of the seasons in the Alborz regions, which run parallel to the Caspian Sea's southern coast, dividing the province into many isolated valleys. The province enjoys a moderate, subtropical climate with an average temperature of 25 °C in summer and about 8 °C in winter. Although snow may fall heavily in the mountains in winter, it rarely falls around sea lines. (http://www.mazandaran.rmto.ir/)

'''About Salman Shahr (Motelghoo):'''
Salman Shahr (formerly, Motel Qū (Persian: متل قو/ سلمان شهر) and Saqikelayeh (Persian: ساقيكِلايِه) is a city in and capital of Salman Shahr, Abbasabad District, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 9,592, in 2,605 families. Salman Shahr is located 30 kilometres (19 mi) east of Tonekabon en route to the city of Chaloos.
Salman Shar is the new name for this city after the Islamic revolution. In the past, the city was called Saghi Kelaye and was also named after its famous hotel Motel Ghoo or Motel Qu (Swan Motel). Salman Shar city is a new settlement that was established in 1961 which was incorporated as a municipality in 1962.
In the late 2000s the major development and construction projects called "Ghoo" or "Diamond of the Middle East" were kicked off. The core of this project is built in the same place as where motel Ghoo was located.(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salman_Shahr_District)

==

*''
'''History
Pre Islamic History:'''
The region is known to have been populated from early antiquity, and Mazandaran has changed hands among various dynasties from early in its history. There are several fortresses remaining from Parthian and Sassanid times, and many older cemeteries scattered throughout the province. During this era, Mazandaran was part of Hyrcania Province which was one of important provinces.
With the advent of the Sassanid dynasty, the King of Mazandaran (Tabaristan andPadashkhwargar) was Gushnasp, whose ancestors had reigned in the area (under the Parthian empire) since the time of Alexandar. In 529-536 Mazandarn was ruled by Sassanid prince Kawus son of Kawadh. Anushirawan, the Sassanid king, put in his place Zarmihr, who claimed his ancestry from the legendary blacksmith Kaveh. This dynasty ruled till 645 A.D., when Gil Gilanshah (a descendant of the Sassanid king Jamasp and a son of Piruz) joined Mazandaran to Gilan. These families had descendants who ruled during the Islamic period.

'''Mazandaran Today,
General:'''
The culture of Mazandaran is closely related to that of neighboring Gilan (or Guilan) and similarities between the two are abundant. The cuisine of the province is very rich in seafood due to its location by the Caspian Sea, and rice is present in virtually every meal. Indeed, the rest of Iran was introduced to rice through Gilan and Mazandaran. Before the 1800s, Persians, Kurds, and other Iranian ethnic groups used bread rather than rice as an accompaniment to their meals, though bread remains a prominent staple among them. While bread remains very popular among those groups, in Gilan and Mazandaran, rice remains the choice staple of the indigenous inhabitants.
Mazanderani or Tabarian is a Northwestern Iranian language. Various Mazandarani's dialects exist which are spoken in Mazandaran province and the neighbour province Golestan such as Mazanderani, and Gorgani. Also, Qadikolahi (Ghadikolahi) and Palani may be dialects. Mazandarani mostly resemble Gilaki. Today, Mazandaranis also use Persian (Western Persian). The educated can communicate and read Persian well.
A dialect of Azeri is spoken in the town of Galoogah
In Persian epic, Shahnameh, Mazandaran is mentioned in two different sections. First time implicitly, when Fereydun sets its capital in a city called Tamishe near Amol:
Under the title, and when Manuchehr is returning to Fereydun's capital, Tamisheh in Mazandaran (known as Tabarestan), after victory over Salm and Tur:
In the second section, a region called Mazandaran is mentioned at Kai Kavoos era frequently, it is an area which is mostly inhabited by Div (demons). The legendary Iranian Shah Kaykavoos as well as the Iranian hero Rostam each take turn to go to Mazandaran in order to battle the demons.
A famous verse from Shahnameh is when Zal tells Kai Kavoos:
"I heard troubling news that the king is planning to go to Mazandaran"
However, this Mazandaran is not considered identical to the modern province of Mazandaran, and is instead a land to the west of Iran. The current province was simply considered a part of Tabaristan; the name Mazandaran is a later development, perhaps based upon local terminology.

'''Economy:'''
Having sea, jungle and tourism all together has made the province one of the 5 wealthiest in Iran in terms of GDP and net worth. The recent explored oil resources will make the status even better by attracting new investment in the field. Rice, grain, fruits, cotton, tea, tobacco, sugarcane, and silk are produced in the lowland strip along the Caspian shore. Oil wealth has stimulated industries in food processing, cement, textiles, cotton, and fishing (caviar).
Suitable environmental conditions, pleasant and moderate climate, beautiful natural landscapes, and proximity to Tehran, have led the province to be one of the main recreational and tourism areas of Iran.
Iran's Cultural Heritage Organization lists close to 630 sites of historical and cultural significance, hence a wealth of tourist attractions. (http://www.mazandaran.rmto.ir/)

''
*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Location; Mazandaran, Iran.jpg|Location; Mazandaran, Iran
Image:Salman Shahr ( Motelghoo); Bird view.jpg|Salman Shahr ( Motelghoo); Bird view
Image:Temprature and Climate Graphs.jpg|Temprature and Climate Graphs
Image:Average Temprature and Rainfall.jpg|Average Temprature and Rainfall
Image:Daryagooshe; Main street.jpg|Daryagooshe; Main street
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Case study 1- Motelghoo, a city where is located in the north of Iran.jpeg|Pavements and streets instructions has not been designed for storm waters, so it has caused a lot of problem as can be seen.
Image:Daryagooshe pavements; Potential for Green infrastructure designing .jpg|Daryagooshe pavements; Potential for Green infrastructure designing
Image:Daryagooshe green space; Potential for Green infrastructure designing.jpg|Daryagooshe green space; Potential for Green infrastructure designing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''
'''Using Permeable pavements:'''

'''Benefits:'''

'''Reduces Storm water Runoff:'''

• Permeable pavement reduces surface runoff volumes and rates by allowing storm water to infiltrate underlying soils.
• By reducing runoff volumes and rates, permeable pavement can lower water treatment costs and reduce flooding and erosion.

'''Increases Groundwater Recharge:'''

• By allowing rainfall to infiltrate, permeable pavement can help increase groundwater recharge.

'''Reduces Energy Use:'''

• The use of permeable pavements also has the potential to reduce energy use by lowering surrounding air temperatures, which in turn reduces demand on cooling systems within buildings.

'''Improves Air Quality:'''

• Because permeable pavement captures rainfall onsite, communities can reduce the amount of water treatment needed, in turn reducing air pollution from power plants.
• By reducing the urban heat island effect, permeable pavement decreases ground level ozone formation, which directly impacts air quality.

'''Reduces Urban Heat Island:'''

• Permeable pavement absorbs less heat than conventional pavement, which helps to reduce the surrounding air temperature and decrease the amount of energy needed for cooling.

'''Cultivates Public Education Opportunities:'''

• The installation of permeable pavement can provide an opportunity to further educate the public about the benefits of green infrastructure in Iran.
''

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Green infrastructure has typically multiple functions. What could be achieved for your site in this respect?''

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''100 words approx.''

== Image Gallery ==
''Please add further images/photos here''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:IMG 1993.JPG|Winter 2014, unexpected snow, Daryagooshe street, the north view
Image:IMG 1996.JPG|Winter 2014, unexpected snow, Daryagooshe street, the south view
Image:IMG 1992.JPG|Winter 2014, unexpected snow, Motelghoo beach
Image:IMG 6087.PNG|Motelghoo main road, a rainy day
Image:IMG 5954.JPG|Motelghoo plaza
Image:IMG 6088.PNG|Heavy traffic in holidays, Motelghoo main road
Image:IMG 6081.PNG|Daryagooshe street
Image:IMG 6082.PNG|Daryagooshe street
</gallery>

== References ==

*''please add your references here''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group K - Case Study 1

2014-11-28T18:25:13Z

Kianik: /* Green Infrastructure benefits for this site */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_K|working group K]]

'''''Salman Shahr( Motelghoo), Mazandaran, Iran'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Salman Shahr(Motelghoo)''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Iran''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Salman Shahr(Motelghoo)''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Kimia Kiani''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:IMG 6084.PNG|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=300
|lat=36.709167
|lng=51.19916699999999
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

''Salman Shahr(Motelghoo) is a small city where is located in the north of Iran, between Alborz mountains and Caspian sea. It is a beautiful city with a fabulous scene from mountains to sea although uploaded pictures illustrate only the problems in urban structures in the city.Also the city is chosen by local and foreign tourists as a destination for travelling. Because of its geographical location, the city has a humid and wet weather. So,I have chosen this area as my case study due to its potential for becoming an element for green infrastructure method.As the picture indicates, the city and its urban structure has not been designed for rain storms or heavy snow.For instance, pathways, roads and pavements should be redesigned in the green infrastructure method.''

== Author's perspective ==
''I studied Master of Architecture and Bachelor of Architecture engineering in Iran. I have several years work experiences in designing and researching. Currently I am working in a research office voluntarily. I have done some projects about energy saving in architecture and I am going to continue my studying in a field of sustainability development, specially in design and planning.
I have known Motelghoo since childhood. I and my family have been vacationing in this city most of the time.

New constructions in this city have been bringing considerable population for travelling and living to this but the structure of city, roads and pavements has remained unchanging. ''

== '''Introduction:'''
MAZANDARAN is a Caspian province in the north of Iran, located on the southern coast of the Caspian sea, it is bordered clockwise by the provinces of Golestan to the east, Semnan to the south east, Tehran to the south, Qazvin south west and Gilan by the west.
Mazandaran is one of the most densely populated provinces in Iran and has diverse natural resources, especially large reservoirs of oil and natural gas.
The province covers an area of 23756 Km, equal to 1.46 percent of the country and has a population of 3,000,000 equal to 4 percent of the population of the country. The province also consists of 52 cities, 3600 villages and 45 sections.
There are 18 counties in the province including Sari, Behshahr, Babol, Amol, Qaemshahr, Ramsar, Tonekabon, Chaloos, Noshahr, Noor, Mahmoodabad, Savadkooh, Babolsar, Jooybar, Neka, Behshahr, Galoogah, Fereidoonkenar and Abbas Abad

The province's five largest counties are Sari, Behshahr, Babol, Amol and Qaemshahr. Founded as province in 1937, Mazandaran was declared the second modern province after neighboring Gilan.
The diverse nature of the province features plains, prairies, forests and jungles stretching from the sandy beaches of the Caspian Sea to the rugged and snowcapped Elburz sierra, including Mount Damavand, the highest peak and volcano in the Middle East and Western Asia, which at the narrowest point (Nowshahr County) narrows to 5 miles.
Mazandaran is a major producer of farmed fish and aquaculture provides an important economic addition to traditional dominance of agriculture. Another important contributor to the economy is the tourism industry, as people from all of Iran enjoy visiting the area. Mazandaran is also a fast-growing centre for biotechnology and civil engineering.
Human habitation in the area dates back at least 75,000 years. Recent excavations in Goher Tippe provide proof that the area has been urbanized for more than 5,000 years, and the area is considered one of the most important historical sites of Iran. It has played an important role in cultural and urban development of the region.
Indigenous peoples of the region include the ethnic Mazanderanis speaking an Iranian language which most resembles Gilaki and Sangiseri
Mazandaran province central coordination locates in 36.5656°N 53.0588°E.
The population of the province has been steadily growing during the last 50 years. The population is of Caucasian Iranian stock with a minority of non-native neighboring Turkic tribes (esp. the Turkomen), a sizable Armenian minority and Russian immigrants, mainly from former Soviet republics of Georgia (country), Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan.
The Mazandaran Sea provides a beautiful coastline in north of Sari; northeast of the city is Neka. Qa'emshahr (Formerly known as Shahi) is to its southwest, Juybar is to its northwest, and Kiyasar, Damghan, and Semnan are in the south part of Sari.
Sari is the provincial capital of Mazandaran, located in the north of Iran, between the northern slopes of the Alborz Mountains and southern coast of Caspian (Mazandaran) Sea. Its population is estimated to be 261,293, as of 2006. It has a land area of 5,089 square kilometers. Sari is one of the entertainment and sports centers of Iran.

'''Geography and Climate:'''
Mazandaran province is geographically divided into two parts: the coastal plains, and the mountainous areas. The Alborz Mountain Range surrounds the coastal strip and plains of the Caspian Sea like a huge barrier.
There is often snowfall during most of the seasons in the Alborz regions, which run parallel to the Caspian Sea's southern coast, dividing the province into many isolated valleys. The province enjoys a moderate, subtropical climate with an average temperature of 25 °C in summer and about 8 °C in winter. Although snow may fall heavily in the mountains in winter, it rarely falls around sea lines.
There is often snowfall during most of the seasons in the Alborz regions, which run parallel to the Caspian Sea's southern coast, dividing the province into many isolated valleys. The province enjoys a moderate, subtropical climate with an average temperature of 25 °C in summer and about 8 °C in winter. Although snow may fall heavily in the mountains in winter, it rarely falls around sea lines. (http://www.mazandaran.rmto.ir/)

'''About Salman Shahr (Motelghoo):'''
Salman Shahr (formerly, Motel Qū (Persian: متل قو/ سلمان شهر) and Saqikelayeh (Persian: ساقيكِلايِه) is a city in and capital of Salman Shahr, Abbasabad District, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 9,592, in 2,605 families. Salman Shahr is located 30 kilometres (19 mi) east of Tonekabon en route to the city of Chaloos.
Salman Shar is the new name for this city after the Islamic revolution. In the past, the city was called Saghi Kelaye and was also named after its famous hotel Motel Ghoo or Motel Qu (Swan Motel). Salman Shar city is a new settlement that was established in 1961 which was incorporated as a municipality in 1962.
In the late 2000s the major development and construction projects called "Ghoo" or "Diamond of the Middle East" were kicked off. The core of this project is built in the same place as where motel Ghoo was located.(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salman_Shahr_District)

==

*''
'''History
Pre Islamic History:'''
The region is known to have been populated from early antiquity, and Mazandaran has changed hands among various dynasties from early in its history. There are several fortresses remaining from Parthian and Sassanid times, and many older cemeteries scattered throughout the province. During this era, Mazandaran was part of Hyrcania Province which was one of important provinces.
With the advent of the Sassanid dynasty, the King of Mazandaran (Tabaristan andPadashkhwargar) was Gushnasp, whose ancestors had reigned in the area (under the Parthian empire) since the time of Alexandar. In 529-536 Mazandarn was ruled by Sassanid prince Kawus son of Kawadh. Anushirawan, the Sassanid king, put in his place Zarmihr, who claimed his ancestry from the legendary blacksmith Kaveh. This dynasty ruled till 645 A.D., when Gil Gilanshah (a descendant of the Sassanid king Jamasp and a son of Piruz) joined Mazandaran to Gilan. These families had descendants who ruled during the Islamic period.

'''Mazandaran Today,
General:'''
The culture of Mazandaran is closely related to that of neighboring Gilan (or Guilan) and similarities between the two are abundant. The cuisine of the province is very rich in seafood due to its location by the Caspian Sea, and rice is present in virtually every meal. Indeed, the rest of Iran was introduced to rice through Gilan and Mazandaran. Before the 1800s, Persians, Kurds, and other Iranian ethnic groups used bread rather than rice as an accompaniment to their meals, though bread remains a prominent staple among them. While bread remains very popular among those groups, in Gilan and Mazandaran, rice remains the choice staple of the indigenous inhabitants.
Mazanderani or Tabarian is a Northwestern Iranian language. Various Mazandarani's dialects exist which are spoken in Mazandaran province and the neighbour province Golestan such as Mazanderani, and Gorgani. Also, Qadikolahi (Ghadikolahi) and Palani may be dialects. Mazandarani mostly resemble Gilaki. Today, Mazandaranis also use Persian (Western Persian). The educated can communicate and read Persian well.
A dialect of Azeri is spoken in the town of Galoogah
In Persian epic, Shahnameh, Mazandaran is mentioned in two different sections. First time implicitly, when Fereydun sets its capital in a city called Tamishe near Amol:
Under the title, and when Manuchehr is returning to Fereydun's capital, Tamisheh in Mazandaran (known as Tabarestan), after victory over Salm and Tur:
In the second section, a region called Mazandaran is mentioned at Kai Kavoos era frequently, it is an area which is mostly inhabited by Div (demons). The legendary Iranian Shah Kaykavoos as well as the Iranian hero Rostam each take turn to go to Mazandaran in order to battle the demons.
A famous verse from Shahnameh is when Zal tells Kai Kavoos:
"I heard troubling news that the king is planning to go to Mazandaran"
However, this Mazandaran is not considered identical to the modern province of Mazandaran, and is instead a land to the west of Iran. The current province was simply considered a part of Tabaristan; the name Mazandaran is a later development, perhaps based upon local terminology.

'''Economy:'''
Having sea, jungle and tourism all together has made the province one of the 5 wealthiest in Iran in terms of GDP and net worth. The recent explored oil resources will make the status even better by attracting new investment in the field. Rice, grain, fruits, cotton, tea, tobacco, sugarcane, and silk are produced in the lowland strip along the Caspian shore. Oil wealth has stimulated industries in food processing, cement, textiles, cotton, and fishing (caviar).
Suitable environmental conditions, pleasant and moderate climate, beautiful natural landscapes, and proximity to Tehran, have led the province to be one of the main recreational and tourism areas of Iran.
Iran's Cultural Heritage Organization lists close to 630 sites of historical and cultural significance, hence a wealth of tourist attractions. (http://www.mazandaran.rmto.ir/)

''
*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Location; Mazandaran, Iran.jpg|Location; Mazandaran, Iran
Image:Salman Shahr ( Motelghoo); Bird view.jpg|Salman Shahr ( Motelghoo); Bird view
Image:Temprature and Climate Graphs.jpg|Temprature and Climate Graphs
Image:Average Temprature and Rainfall.jpg|Average Temprature and Rainfall
Image:Daryagooshe; Main street.jpg|Daryagooshe; Main street
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Case study 1- Motelghoo, a city where is located in the north of Iran.jpeg|Pavements and streets instructions has not been designed for storm waters, so it has caused a lot of problem as can be seen.
Image:Daryagooshe pavements; Potential for Green infrastructure designing .jpg|Daryagooshe pavements; Potential for Green infrastructure designing
Image:Daryagooshe green space; Potential for Green infrastructure designing.jpg|Daryagooshe green space; Potential for Green infrastructure designing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''
'''Using Permeable pavements:'''

'''Benefits:'''

'''Reduces Storm water Runoff:'''
• Permeable pavement reduces surface runoff volumes and rates by allowing storm water to infiltrate underlying soils.
• By reducing runoff volumes and rates, permeable pavement can lower water treatment costs and reduce flooding and erosion.

'''Increases Groundwater Recharge:'''
• By allowing rainfall to infiltrate, permeable pavement can help increase groundwater recharge.

'''Reduces Energy Use:'''
• The use of permeable pavements also has the potential to reduce energy use by lowering surrounding air temperatures, which in turn reduces demand on cooling systems within buildings.

'''Improves Air Quality:'''
• Because permeable pavement captures rainfall onsite, communities can reduce the amount of water treatment needed, in turn reducing air pollution from power plants.
• By reducing the urban heat island effect, permeable pavement decreases ground level ozone formation, which directly impacts air quality.

'''Reduces Atmospheric CO2:'''
• Permeable pavement captures rainfall onsite, enabling communities to reduce the amount of water treatment needed, in turn reducing CO2 emissions from power plants.
• Permeable pavement also has the potential of reducing Life cycle CO2 emissions compared to asphalt and cement, which produce high life cycle CO2 emissions.

'''Reduces Urban Heat Island:'''
• Permeable pavement absorbs less heat than conventional pavement, which helps to reduce the surrounding air temperature and decrease the amount of energy needed for cooling.

'''Cultivates Public Education Opportunities:'''
• The installation of permeable pavement can provide an opportunity to further educate the public about the benefits of green infrastructure in Iran.
''

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Green infrastructure has typically multiple functions. What could be achieved for your site in this respect?''

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''100 words approx.''

== Image Gallery ==
''Please add further images/photos here''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:IMG 1993.JPG|Winter 2014, unexpected snow, Daryagooshe street, the north view
Image:IMG 1996.JPG|Winter 2014, unexpected snow, Daryagooshe street, the south view
Image:IMG 1992.JPG|Winter 2014, unexpected snow, Motelghoo beach
Image:IMG 6087.PNG|Motelghoo main road, a rainy day
Image:IMG 5954.JPG|Motelghoo plaza
Image:IMG 6088.PNG|Heavy traffic in holidays, Motelghoo main road
Image:IMG 6081.PNG|Daryagooshe street
Image:IMG 6082.PNG|Daryagooshe street
</gallery>

== References ==

*''please add your references here''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group K - Case Study 1

2014-11-28T17:33:21Z

Kianik:

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_K|working group K]]

'''''Salman Shahr( Motelghoo), Mazandaran, Iran'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Salman Shahr(Motelghoo)''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Iran''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Salman Shahr(Motelghoo)''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Kimia Kiani''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:IMG 6084.PNG|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=300
|lat=36.709167
|lng=51.19916699999999
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

''Salman Shahr(Motelghoo) is a small city where is located in the north of Iran, between Alborz mountains and Caspian sea. It is a beautiful city with a fabulous scene from mountains to sea although uploaded pictures illustrate only the problems in urban structures in the city.Also the city is chosen by local and foreign tourists as a destination for travelling. Because of its geographical location, the city has a humid and wet weather. So,I have chosen this area as my case study due to its potential for becoming an element for green infrastructure method.As the picture indicates, the city and its urban structure has not been designed for rain storms or heavy snow.For instance, pathways, roads and pavements should be redesigned in the green infrastructure method.''

== Author's perspective ==
''I studied Master of Architecture and Bachelor of Architecture engineering in Iran. I have several years work experiences in designing and researching. Currently I am working in a research office voluntarily. I have done some projects about energy saving in architecture and I am going to continue my studying in a field of sustainability development, specially in design and planning.
I have known Motelghoo since childhood. I and my family have been vacationing in this city most of the time.

New constructions in this city have been bringing considerable population for travelling and living to this but the structure of city, roads and pavements has remained unchanging. ''

== '''Introduction:'''
MAZANDARAN is a Caspian province in the north of Iran, located on the southern coast of the Caspian sea, it is bordered clockwise by the provinces of Golestan to the east, Semnan to the south east, Tehran to the south, Qazvin south west and Gilan by the west.
Mazandaran is one of the most densely populated provinces in Iran and has diverse natural resources, especially large reservoirs of oil and natural gas.
The province covers an area of 23756 Km, equal to 1.46 percent of the country and has a population of 3,000,000 equal to 4 percent of the population of the country. The province also consists of 52 cities, 3600 villages and 45 sections.
There are 18 counties in the province including Sari, Behshahr, Babol, Amol, Qaemshahr, Ramsar, Tonekabon, Chaloos, Noshahr, Noor, Mahmoodabad, Savadkooh, Babolsar, Jooybar, Neka, Behshahr, Galoogah, Fereidoonkenar and Abbas Abad

The province's five largest counties are Sari, Behshahr, Babol, Amol and Qaemshahr. Founded as province in 1937, Mazandaran was declared the second modern province after neighboring Gilan.
The diverse nature of the province features plains, prairies, forests and jungles stretching from the sandy beaches of the Caspian Sea to the rugged and snowcapped Elburz sierra, including Mount Damavand, the highest peak and volcano in the Middle East and Western Asia, which at the narrowest point (Nowshahr County) narrows to 5 miles.
Mazandaran is a major producer of farmed fish and aquaculture provides an important economic addition to traditional dominance of agriculture. Another important contributor to the economy is the tourism industry, as people from all of Iran enjoy visiting the area. Mazandaran is also a fast-growing centre for biotechnology and civil engineering.
Human habitation in the area dates back at least 75,000 years. Recent excavations in Goher Tippe provide proof that the area has been urbanized for more than 5,000 years, and the area is considered one of the most important historical sites of Iran. It has played an important role in cultural and urban development of the region.
Indigenous peoples of the region include the ethnic Mazanderanis speaking an Iranian language which most resembles Gilaki and Sangiseri
Mazandaran province central coordination locates in 36.5656°N 53.0588°E.
The population of the province has been steadily growing during the last 50 years. The population is of Caucasian Iranian stock with a minority of non-native neighboring Turkic tribes (esp. the Turkomen), a sizable Armenian minority and Russian immigrants, mainly from former Soviet republics of Georgia (country), Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan.
The Mazandaran Sea provides a beautiful coastline in north of Sari; northeast of the city is Neka. Qa'emshahr (Formerly known as Shahi) is to its southwest, Juybar is to its northwest, and Kiyasar, Damghan, and Semnan are in the south part of Sari.
Sari is the provincial capital of Mazandaran, located in the north of Iran, between the northern slopes of the Alborz Mountains and southern coast of Caspian (Mazandaran) Sea. Its population is estimated to be 261,293, as of 2006. It has a land area of 5,089 square kilometers. Sari is one of the entertainment and sports centers of Iran.

'''Geography and Climate:'''
Mazandaran province is geographically divided into two parts: the coastal plains, and the mountainous areas. The Alborz Mountain Range surrounds the coastal strip and plains of the Caspian Sea like a huge barrier.
There is often snowfall during most of the seasons in the Alborz regions, which run parallel to the Caspian Sea's southern coast, dividing the province into many isolated valleys. The province enjoys a moderate, subtropical climate with an average temperature of 25 °C in summer and about 8 °C in winter. Although snow may fall heavily in the mountains in winter, it rarely falls around sea lines.
There is often snowfall during most of the seasons in the Alborz regions, which run parallel to the Caspian Sea's southern coast, dividing the province into many isolated valleys. The province enjoys a moderate, subtropical climate with an average temperature of 25 °C in summer and about 8 °C in winter. Although snow may fall heavily in the mountains in winter, it rarely falls around sea lines. (http://www.mazandaran.rmto.ir/)

'''About Salman Shahr (Motelghoo):'''
Salman Shahr (formerly, Motel Qū (Persian: متل قو/ سلمان شهر) and Saqikelayeh (Persian: ساقيكِلايِه) is a city in and capital of Salman Shahr, Abbasabad District, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 9,592, in 2,605 families. Salman Shahr is located 30 kilometres (19 mi) east of Tonekabon en route to the city of Chaloos.
Salman Shar is the new name for this city after the Islamic revolution. In the past, the city was called Saghi Kelaye and was also named after its famous hotel Motel Ghoo or Motel Qu (Swan Motel). Salman Shar city is a new settlement that was established in 1961 which was incorporated as a municipality in 1962.
In the late 2000s the major development and construction projects called "Ghoo" or "Diamond of the Middle East" were kicked off. The core of this project is built in the same place as where motel Ghoo was located.(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salman_Shahr_District)

==

*''
'''History
Pre Islamic History:'''
The region is known to have been populated from early antiquity, and Mazandaran has changed hands among various dynasties from early in its history. There are several fortresses remaining from Parthian and Sassanid times, and many older cemeteries scattered throughout the province. During this era, Mazandaran was part of Hyrcania Province which was one of important provinces.
With the advent of the Sassanid dynasty, the King of Mazandaran (Tabaristan andPadashkhwargar) was Gushnasp, whose ancestors had reigned in the area (under the Parthian empire) since the time of Alexandar. In 529-536 Mazandarn was ruled by Sassanid prince Kawus son of Kawadh. Anushirawan, the Sassanid king, put in his place Zarmihr, who claimed his ancestry from the legendary blacksmith Kaveh. This dynasty ruled till 645 A.D., when Gil Gilanshah (a descendant of the Sassanid king Jamasp and a son of Piruz) joined Mazandaran to Gilan. These families had descendants who ruled during the Islamic period.

'''Mazandaran Today,
General:'''
The culture of Mazandaran is closely related to that of neighboring Gilan (or Guilan) and similarities between the two are abundant. The cuisine of the province is very rich in seafood due to its location by the Caspian Sea, and rice is present in virtually every meal. Indeed, the rest of Iran was introduced to rice through Gilan and Mazandaran. Before the 1800s, Persians, Kurds, and other Iranian ethnic groups used bread rather than rice as an accompaniment to their meals, though bread remains a prominent staple among them. While bread remains very popular among those groups, in Gilan and Mazandaran, rice remains the choice staple of the indigenous inhabitants.
Mazanderani or Tabarian is a Northwestern Iranian language. Various Mazandarani's dialects exist which are spoken in Mazandaran province and the neighbour province Golestan such as Mazanderani, and Gorgani. Also, Qadikolahi (Ghadikolahi) and Palani may be dialects. Mazandarani mostly resemble Gilaki. Today, Mazandaranis also use Persian (Western Persian). The educated can communicate and read Persian well.
A dialect of Azeri is spoken in the town of Galoogah
In Persian epic, Shahnameh, Mazandaran is mentioned in two different sections. First time implicitly, when Fereydun sets its capital in a city called Tamishe near Amol:
Under the title, and when Manuchehr is returning to Fereydun's capital, Tamisheh in Mazandaran (known as Tabarestan), after victory over Salm and Tur:
In the second section, a region called Mazandaran is mentioned at Kai Kavoos era frequently, it is an area which is mostly inhabited by Div (demons). The legendary Iranian Shah Kaykavoos as well as the Iranian hero Rostam each take turn to go to Mazandaran in order to battle the demons.
A famous verse from Shahnameh is when Zal tells Kai Kavoos:
"I heard troubling news that the king is planning to go to Mazandaran"
However, this Mazandaran is not considered identical to the modern province of Mazandaran, and is instead a land to the west of Iran. The current province was simply considered a part of Tabaristan; the name Mazandaran is a later development, perhaps based upon local terminology.

'''Economy:'''
Having sea, jungle and tourism all together has made the province one of the 5 wealthiest in Iran in terms of GDP and net worth. The recent explored oil resources will make the status even better by attracting new investment in the field. Rice, grain, fruits, cotton, tea, tobacco, sugarcane, and silk are produced in the lowland strip along the Caspian shore. Oil wealth has stimulated industries in food processing, cement, textiles, cotton, and fishing (caviar).
Suitable environmental conditions, pleasant and moderate climate, beautiful natural landscapes, and proximity to Tehran, have led the province to be one of the main recreational and tourism areas of Iran.
Iran's Cultural Heritage Organization lists close to 630 sites of historical and cultural significance, hence a wealth of tourist attractions. (http://www.mazandaran.rmto.ir/)

''
*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Location; Mazandaran, Iran.jpg|Location; Mazandaran, Iran
Image:Salman Shahr ( Motelghoo); Bird view.jpg|Salman Shahr ( Motelghoo); Bird view
Image:Temprature and Climate Graphs.jpg|Temprature and Climate Graphs
Image:Average Temprature and Rainfall.jpg|Average Temprature and Rainfall
Image:Daryagooshe; Main street.jpg|Daryagooshe; Main street
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Case study 1- Motelghoo, a city where is located in the north of Iran.jpeg|Pavements and streets instructions has not been designed for storm waters, so it has caused a lot of problem as can be seen.
Image:Daryagooshe pavements; Potential for Green infrastructure designing .jpg|Daryagooshe pavements; Potential for Green infrastructure designing
Image:Daryagooshe green space; Potential for Green infrastructure designing.jpg|Daryagooshe green space; Potential for Green infrastructure designing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''Look again at the multiple benefits of green infrastructure - what could be achieved in your site and which are most relevant?''

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Green infrastructure has typically multiple functions. What could be achieved for your site in this respect?''

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''100 words approx.''

== Image Gallery ==
''Please add further images/photos here''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:IMG 1993.JPG|Winter 2014, unexpected snow, Daryagooshe street, the north view
Image:IMG 1996.JPG|Winter 2014, unexpected snow, Daryagooshe street, the south view
Image:IMG 1992.JPG|Winter 2014, unexpected snow, Motelghoo beach
Image:IMG 6087.PNG|Motelghoo main road, a rainy day
Image:IMG 5954.JPG|Motelghoo plaza
Image:IMG 6088.PNG|Heavy traffic in holidays, Motelghoo main road
Image:IMG 6081.PNG|Daryagooshe street
Image:IMG 6082.PNG|Daryagooshe street
</gallery>

== References ==

*''please add your references here''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group K - Case Study 1

2014-11-28T17:23:10Z

Kianik: /* Image Gallery */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_K|working group K]]

'''''please add your title here'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Salman Shahr(Motelghoo)''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Iran''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Salman Shahr(Motelghoo)''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Kimia Kiani''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:IMG 6084.PNG|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=300
|lat=36.709167
|lng=51.19916699999999
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

''Salman Shahr(Motelghoo) is a small city where is located in the north of Iran, between Alborz mountains and Caspian sea. It is a beautiful city with a fabulous scene from mountains to sea although uploaded pictures illustrate only the problems in urban structures in the city.Also the city is chosen by local and foreign tourists as a destination for travelling. Because of its geographical location, the city has a humid and wet weather. So,I have chosen this area as my case study due to its potential for becoming an element for green infrastructure method.As the picture indicates, the city and its urban structure has not been designed for rain storms or heavy snow.For instance, pathways, roads and pavements should be redesigned in the green infrastructure method.''

== Author's perspective ==
''I studied Master of Architecture and Bachelor of Architecture engineering in Iran. I have several years work experiences in designing and researching. Currently I am working in a research office voluntarily. I have done some projects about energy saving in architecture and I am going to continue my studying in a field of sustainability development, specially in design and planning.
I have known Motelghoo since childhood. I and my family have been vacationing in this city most of the time.

New constructions in this city have been bringing considerable population for travelling and living to this but the structure of city, roads and pavements has remained unchanging. ''

== '''Introduction:'''
MAZANDARAN is a Caspian province in the north of Iran, located on the southern coast of the Caspian sea, it is bordered clockwise by the provinces of Golestan to the east, Semnan to the south east, Tehran to the south, Qazvin south west and Gilan by the west.
Mazandaran is one of the most densely populated provinces in Iran and has diverse natural resources, especially large reservoirs of oil and natural gas.
The province covers an area of 23756 Km, equal to 1.46 percent of the country and has a population of 3,000,000 equal to 4 percent of the population of the country. The province also consists of 52 cities, 3600 villages and 45 sections.
There are 18 counties in the province including Sari, Behshahr, Babol, Amol, Qaemshahr, Ramsar, Tonekabon, Chaloos, Noshahr, Noor, Mahmoodabad, Savadkooh, Babolsar, Jooybar, Neka, Behshahr, Galoogah, Fereidoonkenar and Abbas Abad

The province's five largest counties are Sari, Behshahr, Babol, Amol and Qaemshahr. Founded as province in 1937, Mazandaran was declared the second modern province after neighboring Gilan.
The diverse nature of the province features plains, prairies, forests and jungles stretching from the sandy beaches of the Caspian Sea to the rugged and snowcapped Elburz sierra, including Mount Damavand, the highest peak and volcano in the Middle East and Western Asia, which at the narrowest point (Nowshahr County) narrows to 5 miles.
Mazandaran is a major producer of farmed fish and aquaculture provides an important economic addition to traditional dominance of agriculture. Another important contributor to the economy is the tourism industry, as people from all of Iran enjoy visiting the area. Mazandaran is also a fast-growing centre for biotechnology and civil engineering.
Human habitation in the area dates back at least 75,000 years. Recent excavations in Goher Tippe provide proof that the area has been urbanized for more than 5,000 years, and the area is considered one of the most important historical sites of Iran. It has played an important role in cultural and urban development of the region.
Indigenous peoples of the region include the ethnic Mazanderanis speaking an Iranian language which most resembles Gilaki and Sangiseri
Mazandaran province central coordination locates in 36.5656°N 53.0588°E.
The population of the province has been steadily growing during the last 50 years. The population is of Caucasian Iranian stock with a minority of non-native neighboring Turkic tribes (esp. the Turkomen), a sizable Armenian minority and Russian immigrants, mainly from former Soviet republics of Georgia (country), Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan.
The Mazandaran Sea provides a beautiful coastline in north of Sari; northeast of the city is Neka. Qa'emshahr (Formerly known as Shahi) is to its southwest, Juybar is to its northwest, and Kiyasar, Damghan, and Semnan are in the south part of Sari.
Sari is the provincial capital of Mazandaran, located in the north of Iran, between the northern slopes of the Alborz Mountains and southern coast of Caspian (Mazandaran) Sea. Its population is estimated to be 261,293, as of 2006. It has a land area of 5,089 square kilometers. Sari is one of the entertainment and sports centers of Iran.

'''Geography and Climate:'''
Mazandaran province is geographically divided into two parts: the coastal plains, and the mountainous areas. The Alborz Mountain Range surrounds the coastal strip and plains of the Caspian Sea like a huge barrier.
There is often snowfall during most of the seasons in the Alborz regions, which run parallel to the Caspian Sea's southern coast, dividing the province into many isolated valleys. The province enjoys a moderate, subtropical climate with an average temperature of 25 °C in summer and about 8 °C in winter. Although snow may fall heavily in the mountains in winter, it rarely falls around sea lines.
There is often snowfall during most of the seasons in the Alborz regions, which run parallel to the Caspian Sea's southern coast, dividing the province into many isolated valleys. The province enjoys a moderate, subtropical climate with an average temperature of 25 °C in summer and about 8 °C in winter. Although snow may fall heavily in the mountains in winter, it rarely falls around sea lines. (http://www.mazandaran.rmto.ir/)

'''About Salman Shahr (Motelghoo):'''
Salman Shahr (formerly, Motel Qū (Persian: متل قو/ سلمان شهر) and Saqikelayeh (Persian: ساقيكِلايِه) is a city in and capital of Salman Shahr, Abbasabad District, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 9,592, in 2,605 families. Salman Shahr is located 30 kilometres (19 mi) east of Tonekabon en route to the city of Chaloos.
Salman Shar is the new name for this city after the Islamic revolution. In the past, the city was called Saghi Kelaye and was also named after its famous hotel Motel Ghoo or Motel Qu (Swan Motel). Salman Shar city is a new settlement that was established in 1961 which was incorporated as a municipality in 1962.
In the late 2000s the major development and construction projects called "Ghoo" or "Diamond of the Middle East" were kicked off. The core of this project is built in the same place as where motel Ghoo was located.(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salman_Shahr_District)

==

*''
'''History
Pre Islamic History:'''
The region is known to have been populated from early antiquity, and Mazandaran has changed hands among various dynasties from early in its history. There are several fortresses remaining from Parthian and Sassanid times, and many older cemeteries scattered throughout the province. During this era, Mazandaran was part of Hyrcania Province which was one of important provinces.
With the advent of the Sassanid dynasty, the King of Mazandaran (Tabaristan andPadashkhwargar) was Gushnasp, whose ancestors had reigned in the area (under the Parthian empire) since the time of Alexandar. In 529-536 Mazandarn was ruled by Sassanid prince Kawus son of Kawadh. Anushirawan, the Sassanid king, put in his place Zarmihr, who claimed his ancestry from the legendary blacksmith Kaveh. This dynasty ruled till 645 A.D., when Gil Gilanshah (a descendant of the Sassanid king Jamasp and a son of Piruz) joined Mazandaran to Gilan. These families had descendants who ruled during the Islamic period.

'''Mazandaran Today,
General:'''
The culture of Mazandaran is closely related to that of neighboring Gilan (or Guilan) and similarities between the two are abundant. The cuisine of the province is very rich in seafood due to its location by the Caspian Sea, and rice is present in virtually every meal. Indeed, the rest of Iran was introduced to rice through Gilan and Mazandaran. Before the 1800s, Persians, Kurds, and other Iranian ethnic groups used bread rather than rice as an accompaniment to their meals, though bread remains a prominent staple among them. While bread remains very popular among those groups, in Gilan and Mazandaran, rice remains the choice staple of the indigenous inhabitants.
Mazanderani or Tabarian is a Northwestern Iranian language. Various Mazandarani's dialects exist which are spoken in Mazandaran province and the neighbour province Golestan such as Mazanderani, and Gorgani. Also, Qadikolahi (Ghadikolahi) and Palani may be dialects. Mazandarani mostly resemble Gilaki. Today, Mazandaranis also use Persian (Western Persian). The educated can communicate and read Persian well.
A dialect of Azeri is spoken in the town of Galoogah
In Persian epic, Shahnameh, Mazandaran is mentioned in two different sections. First time implicitly, when Fereydun sets its capital in a city called Tamishe near Amol:
Under the title, and when Manuchehr is returning to Fereydun's capital, Tamisheh in Mazandaran (known as Tabarestan), after victory over Salm and Tur:
In the second section, a region called Mazandaran is mentioned at Kai Kavoos era frequently, it is an area which is mostly inhabited by Div (demons). The legendary Iranian Shah Kaykavoos as well as the Iranian hero Rostam each take turn to go to Mazandaran in order to battle the demons.
A famous verse from Shahnameh is when Zal tells Kai Kavoos:
"I heard troubling news that the king is planning to go to Mazandaran"
However, this Mazandaran is not considered identical to the modern province of Mazandaran, and is instead a land to the west of Iran. The current province was simply considered a part of Tabaristan; the name Mazandaran is a later development, perhaps based upon local terminology.

'''Economy:'''
Having sea, jungle and tourism all together has made the province one of the 5 wealthiest in Iran in terms of GDP and net worth. The recent explored oil resources will make the status even better by attracting new investment in the field. Rice, grain, fruits, cotton, tea, tobacco, sugarcane, and silk are produced in the lowland strip along the Caspian shore. Oil wealth has stimulated industries in food processing, cement, textiles, cotton, and fishing (caviar).
Suitable environmental conditions, pleasant and moderate climate, beautiful natural landscapes, and proximity to Tehran, have led the province to be one of the main recreational and tourism areas of Iran.
Iran's Cultural Heritage Organization lists close to 630 sites of historical and cultural significance, hence a wealth of tourist attractions. (http://www.mazandaran.rmto.ir/)

''
*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Location; Mazandaran, Iran.jpg|Location; Mazandaran, Iran
Image:Salman Shahr ( Motelghoo); Bird view.jpg|Salman Shahr ( Motelghoo); Bird view
Image:Temprature and Climate Graphs.jpg|Temprature and Climate Graphs
Image:Average Temprature and Rainfall.jpg|Average Temprature and Rainfall
Image:Daryagooshe; Main street.jpg|Daryagooshe; Main street
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Case study 1- Motelghoo, a city where is located in the north of Iran.jpeg|Pavements and streets instructions has not been designed for storm waters, so it has caused a lot of problem as can be seen.
Image:Daryagooshe pavements; Potential for Green infrastructure designing .jpg|Daryagooshe pavements; Potential for Green infrastructure designing
Image:Daryagooshe green space; Potential for Green infrastructure designing.jpg|Daryagooshe green space; Potential for Green infrastructure designing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''Look again at the multiple benefits of green infrastructure - what could be achieved in your site and which are most relevant?''

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Green infrastructure has typically multiple functions. What could be achieved for your site in this respect?''

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''100 words approx.''

== Image Gallery ==
''Please add further images/photos here''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:IMG 1993.JPG|Winter 2014, unexpected snow, Daryagooshe street, the north view
Image:IMG 1996.JPG|Winter 2014, unexpected snow, Daryagooshe street, the south view
Image:IMG 1992.JPG|Winter 2014, unexpected snow, Motelghoo beach
Image:IMG 6087.PNG|Motelghoo main road, a rainy day
Image:IMG 5954.JPG|Motelghoo plaza
Image:IMG 6088.PNG|Heavy traffic in holidays, Motelghoo main road
Image:IMG 6081.PNG|Daryagooshe street
Image:IMG 6082.PNG|Daryagooshe street
</gallery>

== References ==

*''please add your references here''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group K - Case Study 1

2014-11-28T17:21:16Z

Kianik: /* Image Gallery */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_K|working group K]]

'''''please add your title here'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Salman Shahr(Motelghoo)''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Iran''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Salman Shahr(Motelghoo)''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Kimia Kiani''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:IMG 6084.PNG|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=300
|lat=36.709167
|lng=51.19916699999999
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

''Salman Shahr(Motelghoo) is a small city where is located in the north of Iran, between Alborz mountains and Caspian sea. It is a beautiful city with a fabulous scene from mountains to sea although uploaded pictures illustrate only the problems in urban structures in the city.Also the city is chosen by local and foreign tourists as a destination for travelling. Because of its geographical location, the city has a humid and wet weather. So,I have chosen this area as my case study due to its potential for becoming an element for green infrastructure method.As the picture indicates, the city and its urban structure has not been designed for rain storms or heavy snow.For instance, pathways, roads and pavements should be redesigned in the green infrastructure method.''

== Author's perspective ==
''I studied Master of Architecture and Bachelor of Architecture engineering in Iran. I have several years work experiences in designing and researching. Currently I am working in a research office voluntarily. I have done some projects about energy saving in architecture and I am going to continue my studying in a field of sustainability development, specially in design and planning.
I have known Motelghoo since childhood. I and my family have been vacationing in this city most of the time.

New constructions in this city have been bringing considerable population for travelling and living to this but the structure of city, roads and pavements has remained unchanging. ''

== '''Introduction:'''
MAZANDARAN is a Caspian province in the north of Iran, located on the southern coast of the Caspian sea, it is bordered clockwise by the provinces of Golestan to the east, Semnan to the south east, Tehran to the south, Qazvin south west and Gilan by the west.
Mazandaran is one of the most densely populated provinces in Iran and has diverse natural resources, especially large reservoirs of oil and natural gas.
The province covers an area of 23756 Km, equal to 1.46 percent of the country and has a population of 3,000,000 equal to 4 percent of the population of the country. The province also consists of 52 cities, 3600 villages and 45 sections.
There are 18 counties in the province including Sari, Behshahr, Babol, Amol, Qaemshahr, Ramsar, Tonekabon, Chaloos, Noshahr, Noor, Mahmoodabad, Savadkooh, Babolsar, Jooybar, Neka, Behshahr, Galoogah, Fereidoonkenar and Abbas Abad

The province's five largest counties are Sari, Behshahr, Babol, Amol and Qaemshahr. Founded as province in 1937, Mazandaran was declared the second modern province after neighboring Gilan.
The diverse nature of the province features plains, prairies, forests and jungles stretching from the sandy beaches of the Caspian Sea to the rugged and snowcapped Elburz sierra, including Mount Damavand, the highest peak and volcano in the Middle East and Western Asia, which at the narrowest point (Nowshahr County) narrows to 5 miles.
Mazandaran is a major producer of farmed fish and aquaculture provides an important economic addition to traditional dominance of agriculture. Another important contributor to the economy is the tourism industry, as people from all of Iran enjoy visiting the area. Mazandaran is also a fast-growing centre for biotechnology and civil engineering.
Human habitation in the area dates back at least 75,000 years. Recent excavations in Goher Tippe provide proof that the area has been urbanized for more than 5,000 years, and the area is considered one of the most important historical sites of Iran. It has played an important role in cultural and urban development of the region.
Indigenous peoples of the region include the ethnic Mazanderanis speaking an Iranian language which most resembles Gilaki and Sangiseri
Mazandaran province central coordination locates in 36.5656°N 53.0588°E.
The population of the province has been steadily growing during the last 50 years. The population is of Caucasian Iranian stock with a minority of non-native neighboring Turkic tribes (esp. the Turkomen), a sizable Armenian minority and Russian immigrants, mainly from former Soviet republics of Georgia (country), Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan.
The Mazandaran Sea provides a beautiful coastline in north of Sari; northeast of the city is Neka. Qa'emshahr (Formerly known as Shahi) is to its southwest, Juybar is to its northwest, and Kiyasar, Damghan, and Semnan are in the south part of Sari.
Sari is the provincial capital of Mazandaran, located in the north of Iran, between the northern slopes of the Alborz Mountains and southern coast of Caspian (Mazandaran) Sea. Its population is estimated to be 261,293, as of 2006. It has a land area of 5,089 square kilometers. Sari is one of the entertainment and sports centers of Iran.

'''Geography and Climate:'''
Mazandaran province is geographically divided into two parts: the coastal plains, and the mountainous areas. The Alborz Mountain Range surrounds the coastal strip and plains of the Caspian Sea like a huge barrier.
There is often snowfall during most of the seasons in the Alborz regions, which run parallel to the Caspian Sea's southern coast, dividing the province into many isolated valleys. The province enjoys a moderate, subtropical climate with an average temperature of 25 °C in summer and about 8 °C in winter. Although snow may fall heavily in the mountains in winter, it rarely falls around sea lines.
There is often snowfall during most of the seasons in the Alborz regions, which run parallel to the Caspian Sea's southern coast, dividing the province into many isolated valleys. The province enjoys a moderate, subtropical climate with an average temperature of 25 °C in summer and about 8 °C in winter. Although snow may fall heavily in the mountains in winter, it rarely falls around sea lines. (http://www.mazandaran.rmto.ir/)

'''About Salman Shahr (Motelghoo):'''
Salman Shahr (formerly, Motel Qū (Persian: متل قو/ سلمان شهر) and Saqikelayeh (Persian: ساقيكِلايِه) is a city in and capital of Salman Shahr, Abbasabad District, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 9,592, in 2,605 families. Salman Shahr is located 30 kilometres (19 mi) east of Tonekabon en route to the city of Chaloos.
Salman Shar is the new name for this city after the Islamic revolution. In the past, the city was called Saghi Kelaye and was also named after its famous hotel Motel Ghoo or Motel Qu (Swan Motel). Salman Shar city is a new settlement that was established in 1961 which was incorporated as a municipality in 1962.
In the late 2000s the major development and construction projects called "Ghoo" or "Diamond of the Middle East" were kicked off. The core of this project is built in the same place as where motel Ghoo was located.(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salman_Shahr_District)

==

*''
'''History
Pre Islamic History:'''
The region is known to have been populated from early antiquity, and Mazandaran has changed hands among various dynasties from early in its history. There are several fortresses remaining from Parthian and Sassanid times, and many older cemeteries scattered throughout the province. During this era, Mazandaran was part of Hyrcania Province which was one of important provinces.
With the advent of the Sassanid dynasty, the King of Mazandaran (Tabaristan andPadashkhwargar) was Gushnasp, whose ancestors had reigned in the area (under the Parthian empire) since the time of Alexandar. In 529-536 Mazandarn was ruled by Sassanid prince Kawus son of Kawadh. Anushirawan, the Sassanid king, put in his place Zarmihr, who claimed his ancestry from the legendary blacksmith Kaveh. This dynasty ruled till 645 A.D., when Gil Gilanshah (a descendant of the Sassanid king Jamasp and a son of Piruz) joined Mazandaran to Gilan. These families had descendants who ruled during the Islamic period.

'''Mazandaran Today,
General:'''
The culture of Mazandaran is closely related to that of neighboring Gilan (or Guilan) and similarities between the two are abundant. The cuisine of the province is very rich in seafood due to its location by the Caspian Sea, and rice is present in virtually every meal. Indeed, the rest of Iran was introduced to rice through Gilan and Mazandaran. Before the 1800s, Persians, Kurds, and other Iranian ethnic groups used bread rather than rice as an accompaniment to their meals, though bread remains a prominent staple among them. While bread remains very popular among those groups, in Gilan and Mazandaran, rice remains the choice staple of the indigenous inhabitants.
Mazanderani or Tabarian is a Northwestern Iranian language. Various Mazandarani's dialects exist which are spoken in Mazandaran province and the neighbour province Golestan such as Mazanderani, and Gorgani. Also, Qadikolahi (Ghadikolahi) and Palani may be dialects. Mazandarani mostly resemble Gilaki. Today, Mazandaranis also use Persian (Western Persian). The educated can communicate and read Persian well.
A dialect of Azeri is spoken in the town of Galoogah
In Persian epic, Shahnameh, Mazandaran is mentioned in two different sections. First time implicitly, when Fereydun sets its capital in a city called Tamishe near Amol:
Under the title, and when Manuchehr is returning to Fereydun's capital, Tamisheh in Mazandaran (known as Tabarestan), after victory over Salm and Tur:
In the second section, a region called Mazandaran is mentioned at Kai Kavoos era frequently, it is an area which is mostly inhabited by Div (demons). The legendary Iranian Shah Kaykavoos as well as the Iranian hero Rostam each take turn to go to Mazandaran in order to battle the demons.
A famous verse from Shahnameh is when Zal tells Kai Kavoos:
"I heard troubling news that the king is planning to go to Mazandaran"
However, this Mazandaran is not considered identical to the modern province of Mazandaran, and is instead a land to the west of Iran. The current province was simply considered a part of Tabaristan; the name Mazandaran is a later development, perhaps based upon local terminology.

'''Economy:'''
Having sea, jungle and tourism all together has made the province one of the 5 wealthiest in Iran in terms of GDP and net worth. The recent explored oil resources will make the status even better by attracting new investment in the field. Rice, grain, fruits, cotton, tea, tobacco, sugarcane, and silk are produced in the lowland strip along the Caspian shore. Oil wealth has stimulated industries in food processing, cement, textiles, cotton, and fishing (caviar).
Suitable environmental conditions, pleasant and moderate climate, beautiful natural landscapes, and proximity to Tehran, have led the province to be one of the main recreational and tourism areas of Iran.
Iran's Cultural Heritage Organization lists close to 630 sites of historical and cultural significance, hence a wealth of tourist attractions. (http://www.mazandaran.rmto.ir/)

''
*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Location; Mazandaran, Iran.jpg|Location; Mazandaran, Iran
Image:Salman Shahr ( Motelghoo); Bird view.jpg|Salman Shahr ( Motelghoo); Bird view
Image:Temprature and Climate Graphs.jpg|Temprature and Climate Graphs
Image:Average Temprature and Rainfall.jpg|Average Temprature and Rainfall
Image:Daryagooshe; Main street.jpg|Daryagooshe; Main street
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Case study 1- Motelghoo, a city where is located in the north of Iran.jpeg|Pavements and streets instructions has not been designed for storm waters, so it has caused a lot of problem as can be seen.
Image:Daryagooshe pavements; Potential for Green infrastructure designing .jpg|Daryagooshe pavements; Potential for Green infrastructure designing
Image:Daryagooshe green space; Potential for Green infrastructure designing.jpg|Daryagooshe green space; Potential for Green infrastructure designing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''Look again at the multiple benefits of green infrastructure - what could be achieved in your site and which are most relevant?''

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Green infrastructure has typically multiple functions. What could be achieved for your site in this respect?''

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''100 words approx.''

== Image Gallery ==
''Please add further images/photos here''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:IMG 1993.JPG|Winter 2014, unexpected snow, Daryagooshe street
Image:IMG 1996.JPG|Winter 2014, unexpected snow, Daryagooshe street, the south view
Image:IMG 1992.JPG|Winter 2014, unexpected snow, Motelghoo beach
Image:IMG 6087.PNG|Motelghoo main road, a rainy day
Image:IMG 5954.JPG|Motelghoo plaza
Image:IMG 6088.PNG|Heavy traffic in holidays, Motelghoo main road
Image:IMG 6081.PNG|Daryagooshe street
Image:IMG 6082.PNG|Daryagooshe street
</gallery>

== References ==

*''please add your references here''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group K - Case Study 1

2014-11-28T17:17:02Z

Kianik: /* Image Gallery */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_K|working group K]]

'''''please add your title here'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Salman Shahr(Motelghoo)''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Iran''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Salman Shahr(Motelghoo)''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Kimia Kiani''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:IMG 6084.PNG|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=300
|lat=36.709167
|lng=51.19916699999999
|zoom=10
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

''Salman Shahr(Motelghoo) is a small city where is located in the north of Iran, between Alborz mountains and Caspian sea. It is a beautiful city with a fabulous scene from mountains to sea although uploaded pictures illustrate only the problems in urban structures in the city.Also the city is chosen by local and foreign tourists as a destination for travelling. Because of its geographical location, the city has a humid and wet weather. So,I have chosen this area as my case study due to its potential for becoming an element for green infrastructure method.As the picture indicates, the city and its urban structure has not been designed for rain storms or heavy snow.For instance, pathways, roads and pavements should be redesigned in the green infrastructure method.''

== Author's perspective ==
''I studied Master of Architecture and Bachelor of Architecture engineering in Iran. I have several years work experiences in designing and researching. Currently I am working in a research office voluntarily. I have done some projects about energy saving in architecture and I am going to continue my studying in a field of sustainability development, specially in design and planning.
I have known Motelghoo since childhood. I and my family have been vacationing in this city most of the time.

New constructions in this city have been bringing considerable population for travelling and living to this but the structure of city, roads and pavements has remained unchanging. ''

== '''Introduction:'''
MAZANDARAN is a Caspian province in the north of Iran, located on the southern coast of the Caspian sea, it is bordered clockwise by the provinces of Golestan to the east, Semnan to the south east, Tehran to the south, Qazvin south west and Gilan by the west.
Mazandaran is one of the most densely populated provinces in Iran and has diverse natural resources, especially large reservoirs of oil and natural gas.
The province covers an area of 23756 Km, equal to 1.46 percent of the country and has a population of 3,000,000 equal to 4 percent of the population of the country. The province also consists of 52 cities, 3600 villages and 45 sections.
There are 18 counties in the province including Sari, Behshahr, Babol, Amol, Qaemshahr, Ramsar, Tonekabon, Chaloos, Noshahr, Noor, Mahmoodabad, Savadkooh, Babolsar, Jooybar, Neka, Behshahr, Galoogah, Fereidoonkenar and Abbas Abad

The province's five largest counties are Sari, Behshahr, Babol, Amol and Qaemshahr. Founded as province in 1937, Mazandaran was declared the second modern province after neighboring Gilan.
The diverse nature of the province features plains, prairies, forests and jungles stretching from the sandy beaches of the Caspian Sea to the rugged and snowcapped Elburz sierra, including Mount Damavand, the highest peak and volcano in the Middle East and Western Asia, which at the narrowest point (Nowshahr County) narrows to 5 miles.
Mazandaran is a major producer of farmed fish and aquaculture provides an important economic addition to traditional dominance of agriculture. Another important contributor to the economy is the tourism industry, as people from all of Iran enjoy visiting the area. Mazandaran is also a fast-growing centre for biotechnology and civil engineering.
Human habitation in the area dates back at least 75,000 years. Recent excavations in Goher Tippe provide proof that the area has been urbanized for more than 5,000 years, and the area is considered one of the most important historical sites of Iran. It has played an important role in cultural and urban development of the region.
Indigenous peoples of the region include the ethnic Mazanderanis speaking an Iranian language which most resembles Gilaki and Sangiseri
Mazandaran province central coordination locates in 36.5656°N 53.0588°E.
The population of the province has been steadily growing during the last 50 years. The population is of Caucasian Iranian stock with a minority of non-native neighboring Turkic tribes (esp. the Turkomen), a sizable Armenian minority and Russian immigrants, mainly from former Soviet republics of Georgia (country), Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan.
The Mazandaran Sea provides a beautiful coastline in north of Sari; northeast of the city is Neka. Qa'emshahr (Formerly known as Shahi) is to its southwest, Juybar is to its northwest, and Kiyasar, Damghan, and Semnan are in the south part of Sari.
Sari is the provincial capital of Mazandaran, located in the north of Iran, between the northern slopes of the Alborz Mountains and southern coast of Caspian (Mazandaran) Sea. Its population is estimated to be 261,293, as of 2006. It has a land area of 5,089 square kilometers. Sari is one of the entertainment and sports centers of Iran.

'''Geography and Climate:'''
Mazandaran province is geographically divided into two parts: the coastal plains, and the mountainous areas. The Alborz Mountain Range surrounds the coastal strip and plains of the Caspian Sea like a huge barrier.
There is often snowfall during most of the seasons in the Alborz regions, which run parallel to the Caspian Sea's southern coast, dividing the province into many isolated valleys. The province enjoys a moderate, subtropical climate with an average temperature of 25 °C in summer and about 8 °C in winter. Although snow may fall heavily in the mountains in winter, it rarely falls around sea lines.
There is often snowfall during most of the seasons in the Alborz regions, which run parallel to the Caspian Sea's southern coast, dividing the province into many isolated valleys. The province enjoys a moderate, subtropical climate with an average temperature of 25 °C in summer and about 8 °C in winter. Although snow may fall heavily in the mountains in winter, it rarely falls around sea lines. (http://www.mazandaran.rmto.ir/)

'''About Salman Shahr (Motelghoo):'''
Salman Shahr (formerly, Motel Qū (Persian: متل قو/ سلمان شهر) and Saqikelayeh (Persian: ساقيكِلايِه) is a city in and capital of Salman Shahr, Abbasabad District, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 9,592, in 2,605 families. Salman Shahr is located 30 kilometres (19 mi) east of Tonekabon en route to the city of Chaloos.
Salman Shar is the new name for this city after the Islamic revolution. In the past, the city was called Saghi Kelaye and was also named after its famous hotel Motel Ghoo or Motel Qu (Swan Motel). Salman Shar city is a new settlement that was established in 1961 which was incorporated as a municipality in 1962.
In the late 2000s the major development and construction projects called "Ghoo" or "Diamond of the Middle East" were kicked off. The core of this project is built in the same place as where motel Ghoo was located.(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salman_Shahr_District)

==

*''
'''History
Pre Islamic History:'''
The region is known to have been populated from early antiquity, and Mazandaran has changed hands among various dynasties from early in its history. There are several fortresses remaining from Parthian and Sassanid times, and many older cemeteries scattered throughout the province. During this era, Mazandaran was part of Hyrcania Province which was one of important provinces.
With the advent of the Sassanid dynasty, the King of Mazandaran (Tabaristan andPadashkhwargar) was Gushnasp, whose ancestors had reigned in the area (under the Parthian empire) since the time of Alexandar. In 529-536 Mazandarn was ruled by Sassanid prince Kawus son of Kawadh. Anushirawan, the Sassanid king, put in his place Zarmihr, who claimed his ancestry from the legendary blacksmith Kaveh. This dynasty ruled till 645 A.D., when Gil Gilanshah (a descendant of the Sassanid king Jamasp and a son of Piruz) joined Mazandaran to Gilan. These families had descendants who ruled during the Islamic period.

'''Mazandaran Today,
General:'''
The culture of Mazandaran is closely related to that of neighboring Gilan (or Guilan) and similarities between the two are abundant. The cuisine of the province is very rich in seafood due to its location by the Caspian Sea, and rice is present in virtually every meal. Indeed, the rest of Iran was introduced to rice through Gilan and Mazandaran. Before the 1800s, Persians, Kurds, and other Iranian ethnic groups used bread rather than rice as an accompaniment to their meals, though bread remains a prominent staple among them. While bread remains very popular among those groups, in Gilan and Mazandaran, rice remains the choice staple of the indigenous inhabitants.
Mazanderani or Tabarian is a Northwestern Iranian language. Various Mazandarani's dialects exist which are spoken in Mazandaran province and the neighbour province Golestan such as Mazanderani, and Gorgani. Also, Qadikolahi (Ghadikolahi) and Palani may be dialects. Mazandarani mostly resemble Gilaki. Today, Mazandaranis also use Persian (Western Persian). The educated can communicate and read Persian well.
A dialect of Azeri is spoken in the town of Galoogah
In Persian epic, Shahnameh, Mazandaran is mentioned in two different sections. First time implicitly, when Fereydun sets its capital in a city called Tamishe near Amol:
Under the title, and when Manuchehr is returning to Fereydun's capital, Tamisheh in Mazandaran (known as Tabarestan), after victory over Salm and Tur:
In the second section, a region called Mazandaran is mentioned at Kai Kavoos era frequently, it is an area which is mostly inhabited by Div (demons). The legendary Iranian Shah Kaykavoos as well as the Iranian hero Rostam each take turn to go to Mazandaran in order to battle the demons.
A famous verse from Shahnameh is when Zal tells Kai Kavoos:
"I heard troubling news that the king is planning to go to Mazandaran"
However, this Mazandaran is not considered identical to the modern province of Mazandaran, and is instead a land to the west of Iran. The current province was simply considered a part of Tabaristan; the name Mazandaran is a later development, perhaps based upon local terminology.

'''Economy:'''
Having sea, jungle and tourism all together has made the province one of the 5 wealthiest in Iran in terms of GDP and net worth. The recent explored oil resources will make the status even better by attracting new investment in the field. Rice, grain, fruits, cotton, tea, tobacco, sugarcane, and silk are produced in the lowland strip along the Caspian shore. Oil wealth has stimulated industries in food processing, cement, textiles, cotton, and fishing (caviar).
Suitable environmental conditions, pleasant and moderate climate, beautiful natural landscapes, and proximity to Tehran, have led the province to be one of the main recreational and tourism areas of Iran.
Iran's Cultural Heritage Organization lists close to 630 sites of historical and cultural significance, hence a wealth of tourist attractions. (http://www.mazandaran.rmto.ir/)

''
*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Location; Mazandaran, Iran.jpg|Location; Mazandaran, Iran
Image:Salman Shahr ( Motelghoo); Bird view.jpg|Salman Shahr ( Motelghoo); Bird view
Image:Temprature and Climate Graphs.jpg|Temprature and Climate Graphs
Image:Average Temprature and Rainfall.jpg|Average Temprature and Rainfall
Image:Daryagooshe; Main street.jpg|Daryagooshe; Main street
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Case study 1- Motelghoo, a city where is located in the north of Iran.jpeg|Pavements and streets instructions has not been designed for storm waters, so it has caused a lot of problem as can be seen.
Image:Daryagooshe pavements; Potential for Green infrastructure designing .jpg|Daryagooshe pavements; Potential for Green infrastructure designing
Image:Daryagooshe green space; Potential for Green infrastructure designing.jpg|Daryagooshe green space; Potential for Green infrastructure designing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''Look again at the multiple benefits of green infrastructure - what could be achieved in your site and which are most relevant?''

== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Green infrastructure has typically multiple functions. What could be achieved for your site in this respect?''

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''100 words approx.''

== Image Gallery ==
''Please add further images/photos here''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:IMG 1993.JPG|Winter 2014, unexpected snow
Image:IMG 1996.JPG|Winter 2014, unexpected snow
Image:IMG 1992.JPG|Winter 2014, unexpected snow
Image:IMG 6087.PNG|Motelghoo main road, a rainy day
Image:IMG 5954.JPG|Motelghoo plaza
Image:IMG 6088.PNG|Heavy traffic in holidays, Motelghoo main road
Image:IMG 6081.PNG|Daryagooshe street
Image:IMG 6082.PNG|Daryagooshe street
</gallery>

== References ==

*''please add your references here''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

File:IMG 1992.JPG

2014-11-28T17:00:08Z

Kianik:

File:IMG 6082.PNG

2014-11-28T16:58:55Z

Kianik:

File:IMG 6081.PNG

2014-11-28T16:55:54Z

Kianik:

File:IMG 6088.PNG

2014-11-28T16:55:05Z

Kianik:

File:IMG 5954.JPG

2014-11-28T16:54:15Z

Kianik:

File:IMG 6087.PNG

2014-11-28T16:53:52Z

Kianik:

File:IMG 1996.JPG

2014-11-28T16:52:38Z

Kianik:

File:IMG 1993.JPG

2014-11-28T16:49:25Z

Kianik: