Wikienfk5 - User contributions [en]

Restorating the history - Transformation of the city of Jelgava, Latvia

2010-06-20T17:25:27Z

Ieva Kiesnere:

'''[http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Student_Case_Studies_Seminar_Cultural_Landscapes_2010 Back to Student Case Studies]'''

{| align="right" width="400pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"

|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"|''Jelgava transformation project''
|-
| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Jelgava''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Latvia''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ieva Kiesnere''
|-
| '''Project start''' || style="background:Lavender"|''2009.''
|-
| '''Completion''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Unknown''
|-
| '''World Heritage''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Not listed''
|-
| '''Client''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Jelgava Municipality''
|-
| '''Project costs''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Unknown''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|

[[Image:1702 plan of Jelgava_1.jpg|400px]]

<googlemap version="0.9" lat="56.646412" lon="23.715706" zoom="13" width="400" height="300" controls="small"></googlemap>

|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
|}

=== Rationale: Why is the case study interesting? ===
*''Please summarise:- e.g. Design Innovation? Planning Exemplar? Theoretical Insights? Lessons from its failure?
Jelgava is the 4th largest city in Latvia and is situated 41 km southwest of the capital of Latvia with 65,419 inhabitants (data of 2009). During its history, Jelgava has suffered from multiple wars and conquerors, as a result it had shaped its cityscape dramatically. Jelgava suffered considerably after the outbreak of World War I . During World War II, the city's historical center, industry, rail network, and public buildings were heavily damaged by the fighting, with almost 90% of the city destroyed.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Jelgava_after_war.jpg | ''Destroyed Jelgava City after World War II.''
</gallery>

Besides, city was destroyed not only physically, but also mentally. City lost its initial cultural landscape, houses, parks, even the old city of Jelgava. During Soviet period, city developed as an industrial center in Latvia. Plenty of industrial buildings were build, and this urban planning action moved city away form its historical roots more and more. Now Jelgava have a specific modern cultural landscape – its’ like a mosaics – next to the historical heritage and architectural monuments are situated shopping malls and block- houses, that have been built during the Soviet period. Historical plans are the only witness, who can tell us about city’s previous shape and individuality. Now it is time to reconstruct the history, what have been lost, and to integrate it in existing city planning. City desires its primary identity, what was lost for a long time period. This Case study will tell the Reader about Jelgava example – how Jelgava is recovering its own historical and cultural landscape.''

=== Author's perspective ===
*''What theoretical or professional perspective do you bring to the case study? Please make a short note on your personal background
Cultural landscape of the Jelgava is quite fresh and has been developed recently. In contradistinctions to cities of the World Heritage list, that needs sensitive approach to planning and carefully developed preservation plan, Jelgava city is in demand for artificial creation of this historical environment. It needs a longeval historical witness and our responsibility is to create such a historical breath. We need to reanimate initial cultural landscape of the Jelgava city. We need to make it artificially. ''

=== Cultural landscape context ===
*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall landscape character, history and dynamics

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Jelgava aerial view.jpg | ''Jelgava Aerial View. Academia Petrina, St. Simeon and Anna Orthodox Church, Catholic Church as a architectural monuments next to the witnesses of Soviet period - block- houses.''
</gallery>

=== Socio-political context===
*''Brief explanation of political economy, legal framework
The Livonian settlement Jelgava began developing between the rivers Lielupe and Driksa during the 10th century. Led by the Grand Master Konrad von Mander, the crusading Livonian Order constructed the castle in Mitau on a natural island fortification (Pilssala) in 1265-1266. Using Mitau as a southern fortress, the German knights subdued the surrounding Livonians and Semigallians by 1290. The town rose in importance as a defensive fixture against the Lithuanians to the south, who succeeded in plundering Jelgava in 1345.
As a result of the fall of the Livonian Order in the Livonian War, Mitau became a town of the Duchy of Courland in 1561. Jelgava received city rights in 1573, and became the capital of the united duchies of Courland and Semigallia in 1578. When the Duchy of Courland split in 1596, Jelgava became the residence of Duke Friedrich Kettler of Semigallia. The city again became the capital of the united duchies in 1617. Because the duchy became a vassal of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Jelgava was also referred to by the Polish name Mitawa. The Commonwealth's repeated wars with Sweden subjected Jelgava to several sieges. Despite the wars, the city grew as a center for trade and industry. As Courland's neighbors increased in strength, however, the duchy and Jelgava began to fall under Russia's sphere of influence; Carl Christian Joseph of Saxony, Duke of Courland had to abdicate under Russian siege in 1763. The duchess from 1711-1730 was Anna Ivanovna, later Empress Anna I of Russia.
The penultimate duke of Courland, Ernst Johann von Biron, expanded the cultural aspects of Jelgava. He constructed the ducal palace and opened the first public library in the city. In 1775 the last Duke of Courland, Peter, founded the Academia Petrina university, which became a spiritual center for the country. The duke also encouraged theatrical performances at his court.

With the outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789, the citizens of Jelgava clamored for more rights. However, Imperial Russia annexed the city with Courland in 1795 during the Partitions of Poland. As the seat of the Count of Provence, the palace of Jelgava was the residence (1798–1801 and 1804–1807) of Louis XVIII before he became the French king. Although the city was occupied by Prussian troops during the Napoleonic Wars, it was largely spared destruction.
Jelgava further expanded after the construction of its railway in 1868. The development of its infrastructure encouraged rural Latvians to migrate to the city, as merchants, craftsmen, teachers, and officials. By 1914 Jelgava had over 45,000 inhabitants. However, Jelgava suffered considerably after the outbreak of World War I. The spirited defence of Jeglava by two battaliosn of the Latvian Home Guard in 1915, helped inspire the formation of the Latvian Rifles. German troops occupied the city during the war, and after the war in 1919 Jelgava became a battleground between Bolshevik Red Guards, German paramilitaries, and Latvian freedom fighters. After the latter's victory, Jelgava became an important city in independent Latvia.
As a result of the Nazi-Soviet Pact, Jelgava was occupied and annexed with the rest of Latvia by the Soviet Union during World War II in 1940. Much of the city's remaining German population travelled westward during the Nazi-Soviet population transfers. German forces from Army Group North occupied Jelgava from 1941-1944 until the capture of the city by the Red Army. The city's historical center, industry, rail network, and public buildings were heavily damaged by the fighting, with almost 90% of the city destroyed.
Jelgava was rebuilt after World War II as part of the Latvian SSR, and following Latvian independence, Jelgava is now a popular tourist site.
''

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Spatial analysis of area/project ===
*''What are the main structural features?''
*''How has it been shaped? Were there any critical decisions?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

=== Analysis of idea/program/function ("Planning Objective")===
* ''What are the main functional characteristics?''
* ''How have they been expressed or incorporated?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

=== Analysis of design/planning process ("Process Biography") ===
* ''How was the area/project formulated and implemented?''
* ''Who initiated the project and why?''
* ''Which stakeholders have been involved?''
* ''Who made the major decisions and when?''
* ''Were there any important consultations/collaborations?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Analysis of use/users ===
* ''How is the area/project used and by whom?''
* ''Is the use changing? Are there any issues?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

=== Future development directions ===
* ''How is the area/project evolving?''
* ''Are there any future goals?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Peer reviews or critique ===
* ''Has the area/project been reviewed by academic or professional reviewers?''
* ''What were their main evaluations? ''

Please add references, quotes...

=== Successes and limitations ===
*''What do you see as the main successes and limitations of the area/project?''

Illustration: Summary table

=== What can be generalized from this case study? ===
*''Are there any important theoretical insights? ''

Short statement plus background notes

=== What research questions does it generate? ===

Short statement plus background notes

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Image Gallery ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
</gallery>

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== References ===

* Author Year: Title, publisher, edition, page, ...
* etc.

* Website Year: Link, keyword, ...
* etc.

----

[[Category:Case Study]]
[[Category:Latvia]]
[[Category:Jelgava]]

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

Restorating the history - Transformation of the city of Jelgava, Latvia

2010-06-20T17:24:31Z

Ieva Kiesnere:

'''[http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Student_Case_Studies_Seminar_Cultural_Landscapes_2010 Back to Student Case Studies]'''

{| align="right" width="400pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"

|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"|''Jelgava transformation project''
|-
| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Jelgava''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Latvia''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ieva Kiesnere''
|-
| '''Project start''' || style="background:Lavender"|''2009.''
|-
| '''Completion''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Unknown''
|-
| '''World Heritage''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Not listed''
|-
| '''Client''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Jelgava Municipality''
|-
| '''Project costs''' || style="background:Lavender"|''enter the costs (if known)''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|

[[Image:1702 plan of Jelgava_1.jpg|400px]]

<googlemap version="0.9" lat="56.646412" lon="23.715706" zoom="13" width="400" height="300" controls="small"></googlemap>

|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
|}

=== Rationale: Why is the case study interesting? ===
*''Please summarise:- e.g. Design Innovation? Planning Exemplar? Theoretical Insights? Lessons from its failure?
Jelgava is the 4th largest city in Latvia and is situated 41 km southwest of the capital of Latvia with 65,419 inhabitants (data of 2009). During its history, Jelgava has suffered from multiple wars and conquerors, as a result it had shaped its cityscape dramatically. Jelgava suffered considerably after the outbreak of World War I . During World War II, the city's historical center, industry, rail network, and public buildings were heavily damaged by the fighting, with almost 90% of the city destroyed.

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Jelgava_after_war.jpg | ''Destroyed Jelgava City after World War II.''
</gallery>

Besides, city was destroyed not only physically, but also mentally. City lost its initial cultural landscape, houses, parks, even the old city of Jelgava. During Soviet period, city developed as an industrial center in Latvia. Plenty of industrial buildings were build, and this urban planning action moved city away form its historical roots more and more. Now Jelgava have a specific modern cultural landscape – its’ like a mosaics – next to the historical heritage and architectural monuments are situated shopping malls and block- houses, that have been built during the Soviet period. Historical plans are the only witness, who can tell us about city’s previous shape and individuality. Now it is time to reconstruct the history, what have been lost, and to integrate it in existing city planning. City desires its primary identity, what was lost for a long time period. This Case study will tell the Reader about Jelgava example – how Jelgava is recovering its own historical and cultural landscape.''

=== Author's perspective ===
*''What theoretical or professional perspective do you bring to the case study? Please make a short note on your personal background
Cultural landscape of the Jelgava is quite fresh and has been developed recently. In contradistinctions to cities of the World Heritage list, that needs sensitive approach to planning and carefully developed preservation plan, Jelgava city is in demand for artificial creation of this historical environment. It needs a longeval historical witness and our responsibility is to create such a historical breath. We need to reanimate initial cultural landscape of the Jelgava city. We need to make it artificially. ''

=== Cultural landscape context ===
*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall landscape character, history and dynamics

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Jelgava aerial view.jpg | ''Jelgava Aerial View. Academia Petrina, St. Simeon and Anna Orthodox Church, Catholic Church as a architectural monuments next to the witnesses of Soviet period - block- houses.''
</gallery>

=== Socio-political context===
*''Brief explanation of political economy, legal framework
The Livonian settlement Jelgava began developing between the rivers Lielupe and Driksa during the 10th century. Led by the Grand Master Konrad von Mander, the crusading Livonian Order constructed the castle in Mitau on a natural island fortification (Pilssala) in 1265-1266. Using Mitau as a southern fortress, the German knights subdued the surrounding Livonians and Semigallians by 1290. The town rose in importance as a defensive fixture against the Lithuanians to the south, who succeeded in plundering Jelgava in 1345.
As a result of the fall of the Livonian Order in the Livonian War, Mitau became a town of the Duchy of Courland in 1561. Jelgava received city rights in 1573, and became the capital of the united duchies of Courland and Semigallia in 1578. When the Duchy of Courland split in 1596, Jelgava became the residence of Duke Friedrich Kettler of Semigallia. The city again became the capital of the united duchies in 1617. Because the duchy became a vassal of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Jelgava was also referred to by the Polish name Mitawa. The Commonwealth's repeated wars with Sweden subjected Jelgava to several sieges. Despite the wars, the city grew as a center for trade and industry. As Courland's neighbors increased in strength, however, the duchy and Jelgava began to fall under Russia's sphere of influence; Carl Christian Joseph of Saxony, Duke of Courland had to abdicate under Russian siege in 1763. The duchess from 1711-1730 was Anna Ivanovna, later Empress Anna I of Russia.
The penultimate duke of Courland, Ernst Johann von Biron, expanded the cultural aspects of Jelgava. He constructed the ducal palace and opened the first public library in the city. In 1775 the last Duke of Courland, Peter, founded the Academia Petrina university, which became a spiritual center for the country. The duke also encouraged theatrical performances at his court.

With the outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789, the citizens of Jelgava clamored for more rights. However, Imperial Russia annexed the city with Courland in 1795 during the Partitions of Poland. As the seat of the Count of Provence, the palace of Jelgava was the residence (1798–1801 and 1804–1807) of Louis XVIII before he became the French king. Although the city was occupied by Prussian troops during the Napoleonic Wars, it was largely spared destruction.
Jelgava further expanded after the construction of its railway in 1868. The development of its infrastructure encouraged rural Latvians to migrate to the city, as merchants, craftsmen, teachers, and officials. By 1914 Jelgava had over 45,000 inhabitants. However, Jelgava suffered considerably after the outbreak of World War I. The spirited defence of Jeglava by two battaliosn of the Latvian Home Guard in 1915, helped inspire the formation of the Latvian Rifles. German troops occupied the city during the war, and after the war in 1919 Jelgava became a battleground between Bolshevik Red Guards, German paramilitaries, and Latvian freedom fighters. After the latter's victory, Jelgava became an important city in independent Latvia.
As a result of the Nazi-Soviet Pact, Jelgava was occupied and annexed with the rest of Latvia by the Soviet Union during World War II in 1940. Much of the city's remaining German population travelled westward during the Nazi-Soviet population transfers. German forces from Army Group North occupied Jelgava from 1941-1944 until the capture of the city by the Red Army. The city's historical center, industry, rail network, and public buildings were heavily damaged by the fighting, with almost 90% of the city destroyed.
Jelgava was rebuilt after World War II as part of the Latvian SSR, and following Latvian independence, Jelgava is now a popular tourist site.
''

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Spatial analysis of area/project ===
*''What are the main structural features?''
*''How has it been shaped? Were there any critical decisions?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

=== Analysis of idea/program/function ("Planning Objective")===
* ''What are the main functional characteristics?''
* ''How have they been expressed or incorporated?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

=== Analysis of design/planning process ("Process Biography") ===
* ''How was the area/project formulated and implemented?''
* ''Who initiated the project and why?''
* ''Which stakeholders have been involved?''
* ''Who made the major decisions and when?''
* ''Were there any important consultations/collaborations?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Analysis of use/users ===
* ''How is the area/project used and by whom?''
* ''Is the use changing? Are there any issues?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

=== Future development directions ===
* ''How is the area/project evolving?''
* ''Are there any future goals?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Peer reviews or critique ===
* ''Has the area/project been reviewed by academic or professional reviewers?''
* ''What were their main evaluations? ''

Please add references, quotes...

=== Successes and limitations ===
*''What do you see as the main successes and limitations of the area/project?''

Illustration: Summary table

=== What can be generalized from this case study? ===
*''Are there any important theoretical insights? ''

Short statement plus background notes

=== What research questions does it generate? ===

Short statement plus background notes

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Image Gallery ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
</gallery>

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== References ===

* Author Year: Title, publisher, edition, page, ...
* etc.

* Website Year: Link, keyword, ...
* etc.

----

[[Category:Case Study]]
[[Category:Latvia]]
[[Category:Jelgava]]

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

Restorating the history - Transformation of the city of Jelgava, Latvia

2010-06-15T09:21:42Z

Ieva Kiesnere: /* Cultural landscape context */

'''[http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Student_Case_Studies_Seminar_Cultural_Landscapes_2010 Back to Student Case Studies]'''

{| align="right" width="400pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"

|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"|''Jelgava transformation project''
|-
| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Jelgava''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Latvia''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ieva Kiesnere''
|-
| '''Project start''' || style="background:Lavender"|''enter the date of the project start''
|-
| '''Completion''' || style="background:Lavender"|''enter the date of completion''
|-
| '''World Heritage''' || style="background:Lavender"|''enter the year of listing''
|-
| '''Client''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Jelgava Municipality''
|-
| '''Project costs''' || style="background:Lavender"|''enter the costs (if known)''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|

[[Image:1702 plan of Jelgava_1.jpg|400px]]

<googlemap version="0.9" lat="56.646412" lon="23.715706" zoom="13" width="400" height="300" controls="small"></googlemap>

|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
|}

=== Rationale: Why is the case study interesting? ===
*''Please summarise:- e.g. Design Innovation? Planning Exemplar? Theoretical Insights? Lessons from its failure?
Jelgava is the 4th largest city in Latvia and is situated 41 km southwest of the capital of Latvia with 65,419 inhabitants (data of 2009). During its history, Jelgava has suffered from multiple wars and conquerors, as a result it had shaped its cityscape dramatically. Jelgava suffered considerably after the outbreak of World War I . During World War II, the city's historical center, industry, rail network, and public buildings were heavily damaged by the fighting, with almost 90% of the city destroyed.

[[Image:Jelgava_after_war.jpg]]
''Destroyed Jelgava City after World War II.''

Besides, city was destroyed not only physically, but also mentally. City lost its initial cultural landscape, houses, parks, even the old city of Jelgava. During Soviet period, city developed as an industrial center in Latvia. Plenty of industrial buildings were build, and this urban planning action moved city away form its historical roots more and more. Now Jelgava have a specific modern cultural landscape – its’ like a mosaics – next to the historical heritage and architectural monuments are situated shopping malls and block- houses, that have been built during the Soviet period. Historical plans are the only witness, who can tell us about city’s previous shape and individuality. Now it is time to reconstruct the history, what have been lost, and to integrate it in existing city planning. City desires its primary identity, what was lost for a long time period. This Case study will tell the Reader about Jelgava example – how Jelgava is recovering its own historical and cultural landscape.''

=== Author's perspective ===
*''What theoretical or professional perspective do you bring to the case study? Please make a short note on your personal background
Cultural landscape of the Jelgava is quite fresh and has been developed recently. In contradistinctions to cities of the World Heritage list, that needs sensitive approach to planning and carefully developed preservation plan, Jelgava city is in demand for artificial creation of this historical environment. It needs a longeval historical witness and our responsibility is to create such a historical breath. We need to reanimate initial cultural landscape of the Jelgava city. We need to make it artificially. ''

=== Cultural landscape context ===
*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall landscape character, history and dynamics

[[Image:Jelgava aerial view.jpg|1000px]]

Jelgava Aerial View. Academia Petrina, St. Simeon and Anna Orthodox Church, Catholic Church as a architectural monuments next to the witnesses of Soviet period - block- houses.
''

=== Socio-political context===
*''Brief explanation of political economy, legal framework
The Livonian settlement Jelgava began developing between the rivers Lielupe and Driksa during the 10th century. Led by the Grand Master Konrad von Mander, the crusading Livonian Order constructed the castle in Mitau on a natural island fortification (Pilssala) in 1265-1266. Using Mitau as a southern fortress, the German knights subdued the surrounding Livonians and Semigallians by 1290. The town rose in importance as a defensive fixture against the Lithuanians to the south, who succeeded in plundering Jelgava in 1345.
As a result of the fall of the Livonian Order in the Livonian War, Mitau became a town of the Duchy of Courland in 1561. Jelgava received city rights in 1573, and became the capital of the united duchies of Courland and Semigallia in 1578. When the Duchy of Courland split in 1596, Jelgava became the residence of Duke Friedrich Kettler of Semigallia. The city again became the capital of the united duchies in 1617. Because the duchy became a vassal of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Jelgava was also referred to by the Polish name Mitawa. The Commonwealth's repeated wars with Sweden subjected Jelgava to several sieges. Despite the wars, the city grew as a center for trade and industry. As Courland's neighbors increased in strength, however, the duchy and Jelgava began to fall under Russia's sphere of influence; Carl Christian Joseph of Saxony, Duke of Courland had to abdicate under Russian siege in 1763. The duchess from 1711-1730 was Anna Ivanovna, later Empress Anna I of Russia.
The penultimate duke of Courland, Ernst Johann von Biron, expanded the cultural aspects of Jelgava. He constructed the ducal palace and opened the first public library in the city. In 1775 the last Duke of Courland, Peter, founded the Academia Petrina university, which became a spiritual center for the country. The duke also encouraged theatrical performances at his court.

With the outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789, the citizens of Jelgava clamored for more rights. However, Imperial Russia annexed the city with Courland in 1795 during the Partitions of Poland. As the seat of the Count of Provence, the palace of Jelgava was the residence (1798–1801 and 1804–1807) of Louis XVIII before he became the French king. Although the city was occupied by Prussian troops during the Napoleonic Wars, it was largely spared destruction.
Jelgava further expanded after the construction of its railway in 1868. The development of its infrastructure encouraged rural Latvians to migrate to the city, as merchants, craftsmen, teachers, and officials. By 1914 Jelgava had over 45,000 inhabitants. However, Jelgava suffered considerably after the outbreak of World War I. The spirited defence of Jeglava by two battaliosn of the Latvian Home Guard in 1915, helped inspire the formation of the Latvian Rifles. German troops occupied the city during the war, and after the war in 1919 Jelgava became a battleground between Bolshevik Red Guards, German paramilitaries, and Latvian freedom fighters. After the latter's victory, Jelgava became an important city in independent Latvia.
As a result of the Nazi-Soviet Pact, Jelgava was occupied and annexed with the rest of Latvia by the Soviet Union during World War II in 1940. Much of the city's remaining German population travelled westward during the Nazi-Soviet population transfers. German forces from Army Group North occupied Jelgava from 1941-1944 until the capture of the city by the Red Army. The city's historical center, industry, rail network, and public buildings were heavily damaged by the fighting, with almost 90% of the city destroyed.
Jelgava was rebuilt after World War II as part of the Latvian SSR, and following Latvian independence, Jelgava is now a popular tourist site.
''

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Spatial analysis of area/project ===
*''What are the main structural features?''
*''How has it been shaped? Were there any critical decisions?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

=== Analysis of idea/program/function ("Planning Objective")===
* ''What are the main functional characteristics?''
* ''How have they been expressed or incorporated?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

=== Analysis of design/planning process ("Process Biography") ===
* ''How was the area/project formulated and implemented?''
* ''Who initiated the project and why?''
* ''Which stakeholders have been involved?''
* ''Who made the major decisions and when?''
* ''Were there any important consultations/collaborations?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Analysis of use/users ===
* ''How is the area/project used and by whom?''
* ''Is the use changing? Are there any issues?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

=== Future development directions ===
* ''How is the area/project evolving?''
* ''Are there any future goals?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Peer reviews or critique ===
* ''Has the area/project been reviewed by academic or professional reviewers?''
* ''What were their main evaluations? ''

Please add references, quotes...

=== Successes and limitations ===
*''What do you see as the main successes and limitations of the area/project?''

Illustration: Summary table

=== What can be generalized from this case study? ===
*''Are there any important theoretical insights? ''

Short statement plus background notes

=== What research questions does it generate? ===

Short statement plus background notes

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Image Gallery ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
</gallery>

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== References ===

* Author Year: Title, publisher, edition, page, ...
* etc.

* Website Year: Link, keyword, ...
* etc.

----

[[Category:Case Study]]
[[Category:Latvia]]
[[Category:Jelgava]]

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

Restorating the history - Transformation of the city of Jelgava, Latvia

2010-06-15T09:20:43Z

Ieva Kiesnere: /* Cultural landscape context */

'''[http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Student_Case_Studies_Seminar_Cultural_Landscapes_2010 Back to Student Case Studies]'''

{| align="right" width="400pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"

|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"|''Jelgava transformation project''
|-
| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Jelgava''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Latvia''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ieva Kiesnere''
|-
| '''Project start''' || style="background:Lavender"|''enter the date of the project start''
|-
| '''Completion''' || style="background:Lavender"|''enter the date of completion''
|-
| '''World Heritage''' || style="background:Lavender"|''enter the year of listing''
|-
| '''Client''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Jelgava Municipality''
|-
| '''Project costs''' || style="background:Lavender"|''enter the costs (if known)''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|

[[Image:1702 plan of Jelgava_1.jpg|400px]]

<googlemap version="0.9" lat="56.646412" lon="23.715706" zoom="13" width="400" height="300" controls="small"></googlemap>

|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
|}

=== Rationale: Why is the case study interesting? ===
*''Please summarise:- e.g. Design Innovation? Planning Exemplar? Theoretical Insights? Lessons from its failure?
Jelgava is the 4th largest city in Latvia and is situated 41 km southwest of the capital of Latvia with 65,419 inhabitants (data of 2009). During its history, Jelgava has suffered from multiple wars and conquerors, as a result it had shaped its cityscape dramatically. Jelgava suffered considerably after the outbreak of World War I . During World War II, the city's historical center, industry, rail network, and public buildings were heavily damaged by the fighting, with almost 90% of the city destroyed.

[[Image:Jelgava_after_war.jpg]]
''Destroyed Jelgava City after World War II.''

Besides, city was destroyed not only physically, but also mentally. City lost its initial cultural landscape, houses, parks, even the old city of Jelgava. During Soviet period, city developed as an industrial center in Latvia. Plenty of industrial buildings were build, and this urban planning action moved city away form its historical roots more and more. Now Jelgava have a specific modern cultural landscape – its’ like a mosaics – next to the historical heritage and architectural monuments are situated shopping malls and block- houses, that have been built during the Soviet period. Historical plans are the only witness, who can tell us about city’s previous shape and individuality. Now it is time to reconstruct the history, what have been lost, and to integrate it in existing city planning. City desires its primary identity, what was lost for a long time period. This Case study will tell the Reader about Jelgava example – how Jelgava is recovering its own historical and cultural landscape.''

=== Author's perspective ===
*''What theoretical or professional perspective do you bring to the case study? Please make a short note on your personal background
Cultural landscape of the Jelgava is quite fresh and has been developed recently. In contradistinctions to cities of the World Heritage list, that needs sensitive approach to planning and carefully developed preservation plan, Jelgava city is in demand for artificial creation of this historical environment. It needs a longeval historical witness and our responsibility is to create such a historical breath. We need to reanimate initial cultural landscape of the Jelgava city. We need to make it artificially. ''

=== Cultural landscape context ===
*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall landscape character, history and dynamics

The Livonian settlement Jelgava began developing between the rivers Lielupe and Driksa during the 10th century. Led by the Grand Master Konrad von Mander, the crusading Livonian Order constructed the castle in Mitau on a natural island fortification (Pilssala) in 1265-1266. Using Mitau as a southern fortress, the German knights subdued the surrounding Livonians and Semigallians by 1290. The town rose in importance as a defensive fixture against the Lithuanians to the south, who succeeded in plundering Jelgava in 1345.
As a result of the fall of the Livonian Order in the Livonian War, Mitau became a town of the Duchy of Courland in 1561. Jelgava received city rights in 1573, and became the capital of the united duchies of Courland and Semigallia in 1578. When the Duchy of Courland split in 1596, Jelgava became the residence of Duke Friedrich Kettler of Semigallia. The city again became the capital of the united duchies in 1617. Because the duchy became a vassal of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Jelgava was also referred to by the Polish name Mitawa. The Commonwealth's repeated wars with Sweden subjected Jelgava to several sieges. Despite the wars, the city grew as a center for trade and industry. As Courland's neighbors increased in strength, however, the duchy and Jelgava began to fall under Russia's sphere of influence; Carl Christian Joseph of Saxony, Duke of Courland had to abdicate under Russian siege in 1763. The duchess from 1711-1730 was Anna Ivanovna, later Empress Anna I of Russia.
The penultimate duke of Courland, Ernst Johann von Biron, expanded the cultural aspects of Jelgava. He constructed the ducal palace and opened the first public library in the city. In 1775 the last Duke of Courland, Peter, founded the Academia Petrina university, which became a spiritual center for the country. The duke also encouraged theatrical performances at his court.
With the outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789, the citizens of Jelgava clamored for more rights. However, Imperial Russia annexed the city with Courland in 1795 during the Partitions of Poland. As the seat of the Count of Provence, the palace of Jelgava was the residence (1798–1801 and 1804–1807) of Louis XVIII before he became the French king. Although the city was occupied by Prussian troops during the Napoleonic Wars, it was largely spared destruction.
Jelgava further expanded after the construction of its railway in 1868. The development of its infrastructure encouraged rural Latvians to migrate to the city, as merchants, craftsmen, teachers, and officials. By 1914 Jelgava had over 45,000 inhabitants. However, Jelgava suffered considerably after the outbreak of World War I. The spirited defence of Jeglava by two battaliosn of the Latvian Home Guard in 1915, helped inspire the formation of the Latvian Rifles. German troops occupied the city during the war, and after the war in 1919 Jelgava became a battleground between Bolshevik Red Guards, German paramilitaries, and Latvian freedom fighters. After the latter's victory, Jelgava became an important city in independent Latvia.
As a result of the Nazi-Soviet Pact, Jelgava was occupied and annexed with the rest of Latvia by the Soviet Union during World War II in 1940. Much of the city's remaining German population travelled westward during the Nazi-Soviet population transfers. German forces from Army Group North occupied Jelgava from 1941-1944 until the capture of the city by the Red Army. The city's historical center, industry, rail network, and public buildings were heavily damaged by the fighting, with almost 90% of the city destroyed.
Jelgava was rebuilt after World War II as part of the Latvian SSR, and following Latvian independence, Jelgava is now a popular tourist site.

[[Image:Jelgava aerial view.jpg|1000px]]

Jelgava Aerial View. Academia Petrina, St. Simeon and Anna Orthodox Church, Catholic Church as a architectural monuments next to the witnesses of Soviet period - block- houses.
''

=== Socio-political context===
*''Brief explanation of political economy, legal framework
The Livonian settlement Jelgava began developing between the rivers Lielupe and Driksa during the 10th century. Led by the Grand Master Konrad von Mander, the crusading Livonian Order constructed the castle in Mitau on a natural island fortification (Pilssala) in 1265-1266. Using Mitau as a southern fortress, the German knights subdued the surrounding Livonians and Semigallians by 1290. The town rose in importance as a defensive fixture against the Lithuanians to the south, who succeeded in plundering Jelgava in 1345.
As a result of the fall of the Livonian Order in the Livonian War, Mitau became a town of the Duchy of Courland in 1561. Jelgava received city rights in 1573, and became the capital of the united duchies of Courland and Semigallia in 1578. When the Duchy of Courland split in 1596, Jelgava became the residence of Duke Friedrich Kettler of Semigallia. The city again became the capital of the united duchies in 1617. Because the duchy became a vassal of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Jelgava was also referred to by the Polish name Mitawa. The Commonwealth's repeated wars with Sweden subjected Jelgava to several sieges. Despite the wars, the city grew as a center for trade and industry. As Courland's neighbors increased in strength, however, the duchy and Jelgava began to fall under Russia's sphere of influence; Carl Christian Joseph of Saxony, Duke of Courland had to abdicate under Russian siege in 1763. The duchess from 1711-1730 was Anna Ivanovna, later Empress Anna I of Russia.
The penultimate duke of Courland, Ernst Johann von Biron, expanded the cultural aspects of Jelgava. He constructed the ducal palace and opened the first public library in the city. In 1775 the last Duke of Courland, Peter, founded the Academia Petrina university, which became a spiritual center for the country. The duke also encouraged theatrical performances at his court.

With the outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789, the citizens of Jelgava clamored for more rights. However, Imperial Russia annexed the city with Courland in 1795 during the Partitions of Poland. As the seat of the Count of Provence, the palace of Jelgava was the residence (1798–1801 and 1804–1807) of Louis XVIII before he became the French king. Although the city was occupied by Prussian troops during the Napoleonic Wars, it was largely spared destruction.
Jelgava further expanded after the construction of its railway in 1868. The development of its infrastructure encouraged rural Latvians to migrate to the city, as merchants, craftsmen, teachers, and officials. By 1914 Jelgava had over 45,000 inhabitants. However, Jelgava suffered considerably after the outbreak of World War I. The spirited defence of Jeglava by two battaliosn of the Latvian Home Guard in 1915, helped inspire the formation of the Latvian Rifles. German troops occupied the city during the war, and after the war in 1919 Jelgava became a battleground between Bolshevik Red Guards, German paramilitaries, and Latvian freedom fighters. After the latter's victory, Jelgava became an important city in independent Latvia.
As a result of the Nazi-Soviet Pact, Jelgava was occupied and annexed with the rest of Latvia by the Soviet Union during World War II in 1940. Much of the city's remaining German population travelled westward during the Nazi-Soviet population transfers. German forces from Army Group North occupied Jelgava from 1941-1944 until the capture of the city by the Red Army. The city's historical center, industry, rail network, and public buildings were heavily damaged by the fighting, with almost 90% of the city destroyed.
Jelgava was rebuilt after World War II as part of the Latvian SSR, and following Latvian independence, Jelgava is now a popular tourist site.
''

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Spatial analysis of area/project ===
*''What are the main structural features?''
*''How has it been shaped? Were there any critical decisions?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

=== Analysis of idea/program/function ("Planning Objective")===
* ''What are the main functional characteristics?''
* ''How have they been expressed or incorporated?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

=== Analysis of design/planning process ("Process Biography") ===
* ''How was the area/project formulated and implemented?''
* ''Who initiated the project and why?''
* ''Which stakeholders have been involved?''
* ''Who made the major decisions and when?''
* ''Were there any important consultations/collaborations?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Analysis of use/users ===
* ''How is the area/project used and by whom?''
* ''Is the use changing? Are there any issues?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

=== Future development directions ===
* ''How is the area/project evolving?''
* ''Are there any future goals?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Peer reviews or critique ===
* ''Has the area/project been reviewed by academic or professional reviewers?''
* ''What were their main evaluations? ''

Please add references, quotes...

=== Successes and limitations ===
*''What do you see as the main successes and limitations of the area/project?''

Illustration: Summary table

=== What can be generalized from this case study? ===
*''Are there any important theoretical insights? ''

Short statement plus background notes

=== What research questions does it generate? ===

Short statement plus background notes

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Image Gallery ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
</gallery>

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== References ===

* Author Year: Title, publisher, edition, page, ...
* etc.

* Website Year: Link, keyword, ...
* etc.

----

[[Category:Case Study]]
[[Category:Latvia]]
[[Category:Jelgava]]

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

Restorating the history - Transformation of the city of Jelgava, Latvia

2010-06-15T09:20:11Z

Ieva Kiesnere: /* Cultural landscape context */

'''[http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Student_Case_Studies_Seminar_Cultural_Landscapes_2010 Back to Student Case Studies]'''

{| align="right" width="400pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"

|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"|''Jelgava transformation project''
|-
| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Jelgava''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Latvia''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ieva Kiesnere''
|-
| '''Project start''' || style="background:Lavender"|''enter the date of the project start''
|-
| '''Completion''' || style="background:Lavender"|''enter the date of completion''
|-
| '''World Heritage''' || style="background:Lavender"|''enter the year of listing''
|-
| '''Client''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Jelgava Municipality''
|-
| '''Project costs''' || style="background:Lavender"|''enter the costs (if known)''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|

[[Image:1702 plan of Jelgava_1.jpg|400px]]

<googlemap version="0.9" lat="56.646412" lon="23.715706" zoom="13" width="400" height="300" controls="small"></googlemap>

|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
|}

=== Rationale: Why is the case study interesting? ===
*''Please summarise:- e.g. Design Innovation? Planning Exemplar? Theoretical Insights? Lessons from its failure?
Jelgava is the 4th largest city in Latvia and is situated 41 km southwest of the capital of Latvia with 65,419 inhabitants (data of 2009). During its history, Jelgava has suffered from multiple wars and conquerors, as a result it had shaped its cityscape dramatically. Jelgava suffered considerably after the outbreak of World War I . During World War II, the city's historical center, industry, rail network, and public buildings were heavily damaged by the fighting, with almost 90% of the city destroyed.

[[Image:Jelgava_after_war.jpg]]
''Destroyed Jelgava City after World War II.''

Besides, city was destroyed not only physically, but also mentally. City lost its initial cultural landscape, houses, parks, even the old city of Jelgava. During Soviet period, city developed as an industrial center in Latvia. Plenty of industrial buildings were build, and this urban planning action moved city away form its historical roots more and more. Now Jelgava have a specific modern cultural landscape – its’ like a mosaics – next to the historical heritage and architectural monuments are situated shopping malls and block- houses, that have been built during the Soviet period. Historical plans are the only witness, who can tell us about city’s previous shape and individuality. Now it is time to reconstruct the history, what have been lost, and to integrate it in existing city planning. City desires its primary identity, what was lost for a long time period. This Case study will tell the Reader about Jelgava example – how Jelgava is recovering its own historical and cultural landscape.''

=== Author's perspective ===
*''What theoretical or professional perspective do you bring to the case study? Please make a short note on your personal background
Cultural landscape of the Jelgava is quite fresh and has been developed recently. In contradistinctions to cities of the World Heritage list, that needs sensitive approach to planning and carefully developed preservation plan, Jelgava city is in demand for artificial creation of this historical environment. It needs a longeval historical witness and our responsibility is to create such a historical breath. We need to reanimate initial cultural landscape of the Jelgava city. We need to make it artificially. ''

=== Cultural landscape context ===
*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall landscape character, history and dynamics

The Livonian settlement Jelgava began developing between the rivers Lielupe and Driksa during the 10th century. Led by the Grand Master Konrad von Mander, the crusading Livonian Order constructed the castle in Mitau on a natural island fortification (Pilssala) in 1265-1266. Using Mitau as a southern fortress, the German knights subdued the surrounding Livonians and Semigallians by 1290. The town rose in importance as a defensive fixture against the Lithuanians to the south, who succeeded in plundering Jelgava in 1345.
As a result of the fall of the Livonian Order in the Livonian War, Mitau became a town of the Duchy of Courland in 1561. Jelgava received city rights in 1573, and became the capital of the united duchies of Courland and Semigallia in 1578. When the Duchy of Courland split in 1596, Jelgava became the residence of Duke Friedrich Kettler of Semigallia. The city again became the capital of the united duchies in 1617. Because the duchy became a vassal of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Jelgava was also referred to by the Polish name Mitawa. The Commonwealth's repeated wars with Sweden subjected Jelgava to several sieges. Despite the wars, the city grew as a center for trade and industry. As Courland's neighbors increased in strength, however, the duchy and Jelgava began to fall under Russia's sphere of influence; Carl Christian Joseph of Saxony, Duke of Courland had to abdicate under Russian siege in 1763. The duchess from 1711-1730 was Anna Ivanovna, later Empress Anna I of Russia.
The penultimate duke of Courland, Ernst Johann von Biron, expanded the cultural aspects of Jelgava. He constructed the ducal palace and opened the first public library in the city. In 1775 the last Duke of Courland, Peter, founded the Academia Petrina university, which became a spiritual center for the country. The duke also encouraged theatrical performances at his court.
With the outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789, the citizens of Jelgava clamored for more rights. However, Imperial Russia annexed the city with Courland in 1795 during the Partitions of Poland. As the seat of the Count of Provence, the palace of Jelgava was the residence (1798–1801 and 1804–1807) of Louis XVIII before he became the French king. Although the city was occupied by Prussian troops during the Napoleonic Wars, it was largely spared destruction.
Jelgava further expanded after the construction of its railway in 1868. The development of its infrastructure encouraged rural Latvians to migrate to the city, as merchants, craftsmen, teachers, and officials. By 1914 Jelgava had over 45,000 inhabitants. However, Jelgava suffered considerably after the outbreak of World War I. The spirited defence of Jeglava by two battaliosn of the Latvian Home Guard in 1915, helped inspire the formation of the Latvian Rifles. German troops occupied the city during the war, and after the war in 1919 Jelgava became a battleground between Bolshevik Red Guards, German paramilitaries, and Latvian freedom fighters. After the latter's victory, Jelgava became an important city in independent Latvia.
As a result of the Nazi-Soviet Pact, Jelgava was occupied and annexed with the rest of Latvia by the Soviet Union during World War II in 1940. Much of the city's remaining German population travelled westward during the Nazi-Soviet population transfers. German forces from Army Group North occupied Jelgava from 1941-1944 until the capture of the city by the Red Army. The city's historical center, industry, rail network, and public buildings were heavily damaged by the fighting, with almost 90% of the city destroyed.
Jelgava was rebuilt after World War II as part of the Latvian SSR, and following Latvian independence, Jelgava is now a popular tourist site.

[[Image:Jelgava aerial view.jpg|1000px]]

Jelgava Aerial View. Academia Petrina, St. Simeon and Anna Orthodox Church, Catholic Church as a architectural monuments next to the witnesses of Soviet period - block- houses.

Information coming soon.. :) ''

=== Socio-political context===
*''Brief explanation of political economy, legal framework
The Livonian settlement Jelgava began developing between the rivers Lielupe and Driksa during the 10th century. Led by the Grand Master Konrad von Mander, the crusading Livonian Order constructed the castle in Mitau on a natural island fortification (Pilssala) in 1265-1266. Using Mitau as a southern fortress, the German knights subdued the surrounding Livonians and Semigallians by 1290. The town rose in importance as a defensive fixture against the Lithuanians to the south, who succeeded in plundering Jelgava in 1345.
As a result of the fall of the Livonian Order in the Livonian War, Mitau became a town of the Duchy of Courland in 1561. Jelgava received city rights in 1573, and became the capital of the united duchies of Courland and Semigallia in 1578. When the Duchy of Courland split in 1596, Jelgava became the residence of Duke Friedrich Kettler of Semigallia. The city again became the capital of the united duchies in 1617. Because the duchy became a vassal of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Jelgava was also referred to by the Polish name Mitawa. The Commonwealth's repeated wars with Sweden subjected Jelgava to several sieges. Despite the wars, the city grew as a center for trade and industry. As Courland's neighbors increased in strength, however, the duchy and Jelgava began to fall under Russia's sphere of influence; Carl Christian Joseph of Saxony, Duke of Courland had to abdicate under Russian siege in 1763. The duchess from 1711-1730 was Anna Ivanovna, later Empress Anna I of Russia.
The penultimate duke of Courland, Ernst Johann von Biron, expanded the cultural aspects of Jelgava. He constructed the ducal palace and opened the first public library in the city. In 1775 the last Duke of Courland, Peter, founded the Academia Petrina university, which became a spiritual center for the country. The duke also encouraged theatrical performances at his court.

With the outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789, the citizens of Jelgava clamored for more rights. However, Imperial Russia annexed the city with Courland in 1795 during the Partitions of Poland. As the seat of the Count of Provence, the palace of Jelgava was the residence (1798–1801 and 1804–1807) of Louis XVIII before he became the French king. Although the city was occupied by Prussian troops during the Napoleonic Wars, it was largely spared destruction.
Jelgava further expanded after the construction of its railway in 1868. The development of its infrastructure encouraged rural Latvians to migrate to the city, as merchants, craftsmen, teachers, and officials. By 1914 Jelgava had over 45,000 inhabitants. However, Jelgava suffered considerably after the outbreak of World War I. The spirited defence of Jeglava by two battaliosn of the Latvian Home Guard in 1915, helped inspire the formation of the Latvian Rifles. German troops occupied the city during the war, and after the war in 1919 Jelgava became a battleground between Bolshevik Red Guards, German paramilitaries, and Latvian freedom fighters. After the latter's victory, Jelgava became an important city in independent Latvia.
As a result of the Nazi-Soviet Pact, Jelgava was occupied and annexed with the rest of Latvia by the Soviet Union during World War II in 1940. Much of the city's remaining German population travelled westward during the Nazi-Soviet population transfers. German forces from Army Group North occupied Jelgava from 1941-1944 until the capture of the city by the Red Army. The city's historical center, industry, rail network, and public buildings were heavily damaged by the fighting, with almost 90% of the city destroyed.
Jelgava was rebuilt after World War II as part of the Latvian SSR, and following Latvian independence, Jelgava is now a popular tourist site.
''

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Spatial analysis of area/project ===
*''What are the main structural features?''
*''How has it been shaped? Were there any critical decisions?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

=== Analysis of idea/program/function ("Planning Objective")===
* ''What are the main functional characteristics?''
* ''How have they been expressed or incorporated?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

=== Analysis of design/planning process ("Process Biography") ===
* ''How was the area/project formulated and implemented?''
* ''Who initiated the project and why?''
* ''Which stakeholders have been involved?''
* ''Who made the major decisions and when?''
* ''Were there any important consultations/collaborations?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Analysis of use/users ===
* ''How is the area/project used and by whom?''
* ''Is the use changing? Are there any issues?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

=== Future development directions ===
* ''How is the area/project evolving?''
* ''Are there any future goals?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Peer reviews or critique ===
* ''Has the area/project been reviewed by academic or professional reviewers?''
* ''What were their main evaluations? ''

Please add references, quotes...

=== Successes and limitations ===
*''What do you see as the main successes and limitations of the area/project?''

Illustration: Summary table

=== What can be generalized from this case study? ===
*''Are there any important theoretical insights? ''

Short statement plus background notes

=== What research questions does it generate? ===

Short statement plus background notes

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Image Gallery ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
</gallery>

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== References ===

* Author Year: Title, publisher, edition, page, ...
* etc.

* Website Year: Link, keyword, ...
* etc.

----

[[Category:Case Study]]
[[Category:Latvia]]
[[Category:Jelgava]]

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

Restorating the history - Transformation of the city of Jelgava, Latvia

2010-06-15T09:15:47Z

Ieva Kiesnere: /* Rationale: Why is the case study interesting? */

'''[http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Student_Case_Studies_Seminar_Cultural_Landscapes_2010 Back to Student Case Studies]'''

{| align="right" width="400pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"

|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"|''Jelgava transformation project''
|-
| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Jelgava''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Latvia''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ieva Kiesnere''
|-
| '''Project start''' || style="background:Lavender"|''enter the date of the project start''
|-
| '''Completion''' || style="background:Lavender"|''enter the date of completion''
|-
| '''World Heritage''' || style="background:Lavender"|''enter the year of listing''
|-
| '''Client''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Jelgava Municipality''
|-
| '''Project costs''' || style="background:Lavender"|''enter the costs (if known)''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|

[[Image:1702 plan of Jelgava_1.jpg|400px]]

<googlemap version="0.9" lat="56.646412" lon="23.715706" zoom="13" width="400" height="300" controls="small"></googlemap>

|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
|}

=== Rationale: Why is the case study interesting? ===
*''Please summarise:- e.g. Design Innovation? Planning Exemplar? Theoretical Insights? Lessons from its failure?
Jelgava is the 4th largest city in Latvia and is situated 41 km southwest of the capital of Latvia with 65,419 inhabitants (data of 2009). During its history, Jelgava has suffered from multiple wars and conquerors, as a result it had shaped its cityscape dramatically. Jelgava suffered considerably after the outbreak of World War I . During World War II, the city's historical center, industry, rail network, and public buildings were heavily damaged by the fighting, with almost 90% of the city destroyed.

[[Image:Jelgava_after_war.jpg]]
''Destroyed Jelgava City after World War II.''

Besides, city was destroyed not only physically, but also mentally. City lost its initial cultural landscape, houses, parks, even the old city of Jelgava. During Soviet period, city developed as an industrial center in Latvia. Plenty of industrial buildings were build, and this urban planning action moved city away form its historical roots more and more. Now Jelgava have a specific modern cultural landscape – its’ like a mosaics – next to the historical heritage and architectural monuments are situated shopping malls and block- houses, that have been built during the Soviet period. Historical plans are the only witness, who can tell us about city’s previous shape and individuality. Now it is time to reconstruct the history, what have been lost, and to integrate it in existing city planning. City desires its primary identity, what was lost for a long time period. This Case study will tell the Reader about Jelgava example – how Jelgava is recovering its own historical and cultural landscape.''

=== Author's perspective ===
*''What theoretical or professional perspective do you bring to the case study? Please make a short note on your personal background
Cultural landscape of the Jelgava is quite fresh and has been developed recently. In contradistinctions to cities of the World Heritage list, that needs sensitive approach to planning and carefully developed preservation plan, Jelgava city is in demand for artificial creation of this historical environment. It needs a longeval historical witness and our responsibility is to create such a historical breath. We need to reanimate initial cultural landscape of the Jelgava city. We need to make it artificially. ''

=== Cultural landscape context ===
*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall landscape character, history and dynamics
[[Image:Jelgava aerial view.jpg|1000px]]

Jelgava Aerial View. Academia Petrina, St. Simeon and Anna Orthodox Church, Catholic Church as a architectural monuments next to the witnesses of Soviet period - block- houses.

Information coming soon.. :) ''

=== Socio-political context===
*''Brief explanation of political economy, legal framework
The Livonian settlement Jelgava began developing between the rivers Lielupe and Driksa during the 10th century. Led by the Grand Master Konrad von Mander, the crusading Livonian Order constructed the castle in Mitau on a natural island fortification (Pilssala) in 1265-1266. Using Mitau as a southern fortress, the German knights subdued the surrounding Livonians and Semigallians by 1290. The town rose in importance as a defensive fixture against the Lithuanians to the south, who succeeded in plundering Jelgava in 1345.
As a result of the fall of the Livonian Order in the Livonian War, Mitau became a town of the Duchy of Courland in 1561. Jelgava received city rights in 1573, and became the capital of the united duchies of Courland and Semigallia in 1578. When the Duchy of Courland split in 1596, Jelgava became the residence of Duke Friedrich Kettler of Semigallia. The city again became the capital of the united duchies in 1617. Because the duchy became a vassal of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Jelgava was also referred to by the Polish name Mitawa. The Commonwealth's repeated wars with Sweden subjected Jelgava to several sieges. Despite the wars, the city grew as a center for trade and industry. As Courland's neighbors increased in strength, however, the duchy and Jelgava began to fall under Russia's sphere of influence; Carl Christian Joseph of Saxony, Duke of Courland had to abdicate under Russian siege in 1763. The duchess from 1711-1730 was Anna Ivanovna, later Empress Anna I of Russia.
The penultimate duke of Courland, Ernst Johann von Biron, expanded the cultural aspects of Jelgava. He constructed the ducal palace and opened the first public library in the city. In 1775 the last Duke of Courland, Peter, founded the Academia Petrina university, which became a spiritual center for the country. The duke also encouraged theatrical performances at his court.

With the outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789, the citizens of Jelgava clamored for more rights. However, Imperial Russia annexed the city with Courland in 1795 during the Partitions of Poland. As the seat of the Count of Provence, the palace of Jelgava was the residence (1798–1801 and 1804–1807) of Louis XVIII before he became the French king. Although the city was occupied by Prussian troops during the Napoleonic Wars, it was largely spared destruction.
Jelgava further expanded after the construction of its railway in 1868. The development of its infrastructure encouraged rural Latvians to migrate to the city, as merchants, craftsmen, teachers, and officials. By 1914 Jelgava had over 45,000 inhabitants. However, Jelgava suffered considerably after the outbreak of World War I. The spirited defence of Jeglava by two battaliosn of the Latvian Home Guard in 1915, helped inspire the formation of the Latvian Rifles. German troops occupied the city during the war, and after the war in 1919 Jelgava became a battleground between Bolshevik Red Guards, German paramilitaries, and Latvian freedom fighters. After the latter's victory, Jelgava became an important city in independent Latvia.
As a result of the Nazi-Soviet Pact, Jelgava was occupied and annexed with the rest of Latvia by the Soviet Union during World War II in 1940. Much of the city's remaining German population travelled westward during the Nazi-Soviet population transfers. German forces from Army Group North occupied Jelgava from 1941-1944 until the capture of the city by the Red Army. The city's historical center, industry, rail network, and public buildings were heavily damaged by the fighting, with almost 90% of the city destroyed.
Jelgava was rebuilt after World War II as part of the Latvian SSR, and following Latvian independence, Jelgava is now a popular tourist site.
''

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Spatial analysis of area/project ===
*''What are the main structural features?''
*''How has it been shaped? Were there any critical decisions?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

=== Analysis of idea/program/function ("Planning Objective")===
* ''What are the main functional characteristics?''
* ''How have they been expressed or incorporated?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

=== Analysis of design/planning process ("Process Biography") ===
* ''How was the area/project formulated and implemented?''
* ''Who initiated the project and why?''
* ''Which stakeholders have been involved?''
* ''Who made the major decisions and when?''
* ''Were there any important consultations/collaborations?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Analysis of use/users ===
* ''How is the area/project used and by whom?''
* ''Is the use changing? Are there any issues?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

=== Future development directions ===
* ''How is the area/project evolving?''
* ''Are there any future goals?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Peer reviews or critique ===
* ''Has the area/project been reviewed by academic or professional reviewers?''
* ''What were their main evaluations? ''

Please add references, quotes...

=== Successes and limitations ===
*''What do you see as the main successes and limitations of the area/project?''

Illustration: Summary table

=== What can be generalized from this case study? ===
*''Are there any important theoretical insights? ''

Short statement plus background notes

=== What research questions does it generate? ===

Short statement plus background notes

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Image Gallery ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
</gallery>

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== References ===

* Author Year: Title, publisher, edition, page, ...
* etc.

* Website Year: Link, keyword, ...
* etc.

----

[[Category:Case Study]]
[[Category:Latvia]]
[[Category:Jelgava]]

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

Restorating the history - Transformation of the city of Jelgava, Latvia

2010-06-15T09:15:24Z

Ieva Kiesnere: /* Rationale: Why is the case study interesting? */

'''[http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Student_Case_Studies_Seminar_Cultural_Landscapes_2010 Back to Student Case Studies]'''

{| align="right" width="400pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"

|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"|''Jelgava transformation project''
|-
| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Jelgava''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Latvia''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ieva Kiesnere''
|-
| '''Project start''' || style="background:Lavender"|''enter the date of the project start''
|-
| '''Completion''' || style="background:Lavender"|''enter the date of completion''
|-
| '''World Heritage''' || style="background:Lavender"|''enter the year of listing''
|-
| '''Client''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Jelgava Municipality''
|-
| '''Project costs''' || style="background:Lavender"|''enter the costs (if known)''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|

[[Image:1702 plan of Jelgava_1.jpg|400px]]

<googlemap version="0.9" lat="56.646412" lon="23.715706" zoom="13" width="400" height="300" controls="small"></googlemap>

|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
|}

=== Rationale: Why is the case study interesting? ===
*''Please summarise:- e.g. Design Innovation? Planning Exemplar? Theoretical Insights? Lessons from its failure?
Jelgava is the 4th largest city in Latvia and is situated 41 km southwest of the capital of Latvia with 65,419 inhabitants (data of 2009). During its history, Jelgava has suffered from multiple wars and conquerors, as a result it had shaped its cityscape dramatically. Jelgava suffered considerably after the outbreak of World War I . During World War II, the city's historical center, industry, rail network, and public buildings were heavily damaged by the fighting, with almost 90% of the city destroyed.

[[Image:Jelgava_after_war.jpg]]
''Destroyed Jelgava City after World War II.''

Besides, city was destroyed not only physically, but also mentally. City lost its initial cultural landscape, houses, parks, even the old city of Jelgava. During Soviet period, city developed as an industrial center in Latvia. Plenty of industrial buildings were build, and this urban planning action moved city away form its historical roots more and more. Now Jelgava have a specific modern cultural landscape – its’ like a mosaics – next to the historical heritage and architectural monuments are situated shopping malls and block- houses, that have been built during the Soviet period. Historical plans are the only witness, who can tell us about city’s previous shape and individuality. Now it is time to reconstruct the history, what have been lost, and to integrate it in existing city planning. City desires its primary identity, what was lost for a long time period. This Case study will tell the Reader about Jelgava example – how Jelgava is recovering its own historical and cultural landscape.''

=== Author's perspective ===
*''What theoretical or professional perspective do you bring to the case study? Please make a short note on your personal background
Cultural landscape of the Jelgava is quite fresh and has been developed recently. In contradistinctions to cities of the World Heritage list, that needs sensitive approach to planning and carefully developed preservation plan, Jelgava city is in demand for artificial creation of this historical environment. It needs a longeval historical witness and our responsibility is to create such a historical breath. We need to reanimate initial cultural landscape of the Jelgava city. We need to make it artificially. ''

=== Cultural landscape context ===
*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall landscape character, history and dynamics
[[Image:Jelgava aerial view.jpg|1000px]]

Jelgava Aerial View. Academia Petrina, St. Simeon and Anna Orthodox Church, Catholic Church as a architectural monuments next to the witnesses of Soviet period - block- houses.

Information coming soon.. :) ''

=== Socio-political context===
*''Brief explanation of political economy, legal framework
The Livonian settlement Jelgava began developing between the rivers Lielupe and Driksa during the 10th century. Led by the Grand Master Konrad von Mander, the crusading Livonian Order constructed the castle in Mitau on a natural island fortification (Pilssala) in 1265-1266. Using Mitau as a southern fortress, the German knights subdued the surrounding Livonians and Semigallians by 1290. The town rose in importance as a defensive fixture against the Lithuanians to the south, who succeeded in plundering Jelgava in 1345.
As a result of the fall of the Livonian Order in the Livonian War, Mitau became a town of the Duchy of Courland in 1561. Jelgava received city rights in 1573, and became the capital of the united duchies of Courland and Semigallia in 1578. When the Duchy of Courland split in 1596, Jelgava became the residence of Duke Friedrich Kettler of Semigallia. The city again became the capital of the united duchies in 1617. Because the duchy became a vassal of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Jelgava was also referred to by the Polish name Mitawa. The Commonwealth's repeated wars with Sweden subjected Jelgava to several sieges. Despite the wars, the city grew as a center for trade and industry. As Courland's neighbors increased in strength, however, the duchy and Jelgava began to fall under Russia's sphere of influence; Carl Christian Joseph of Saxony, Duke of Courland had to abdicate under Russian siege in 1763. The duchess from 1711-1730 was Anna Ivanovna, later Empress Anna I of Russia.
The penultimate duke of Courland, Ernst Johann von Biron, expanded the cultural aspects of Jelgava. He constructed the ducal palace and opened the first public library in the city. In 1775 the last Duke of Courland, Peter, founded the Academia Petrina university, which became a spiritual center for the country. The duke also encouraged theatrical performances at his court.

With the outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789, the citizens of Jelgava clamored for more rights. However, Imperial Russia annexed the city with Courland in 1795 during the Partitions of Poland. As the seat of the Count of Provence, the palace of Jelgava was the residence (1798–1801 and 1804–1807) of Louis XVIII before he became the French king. Although the city was occupied by Prussian troops during the Napoleonic Wars, it was largely spared destruction.
Jelgava further expanded after the construction of its railway in 1868. The development of its infrastructure encouraged rural Latvians to migrate to the city, as merchants, craftsmen, teachers, and officials. By 1914 Jelgava had over 45,000 inhabitants. However, Jelgava suffered considerably after the outbreak of World War I. The spirited defence of Jeglava by two battaliosn of the Latvian Home Guard in 1915, helped inspire the formation of the Latvian Rifles. German troops occupied the city during the war, and after the war in 1919 Jelgava became a battleground between Bolshevik Red Guards, German paramilitaries, and Latvian freedom fighters. After the latter's victory, Jelgava became an important city in independent Latvia.
As a result of the Nazi-Soviet Pact, Jelgava was occupied and annexed with the rest of Latvia by the Soviet Union during World War II in 1940. Much of the city's remaining German population travelled westward during the Nazi-Soviet population transfers. German forces from Army Group North occupied Jelgava from 1941-1944 until the capture of the city by the Red Army. The city's historical center, industry, rail network, and public buildings were heavily damaged by the fighting, with almost 90% of the city destroyed.
Jelgava was rebuilt after World War II as part of the Latvian SSR, and following Latvian independence, Jelgava is now a popular tourist site.
''

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Spatial analysis of area/project ===
*''What are the main structural features?''
*''How has it been shaped? Were there any critical decisions?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

=== Analysis of idea/program/function ("Planning Objective")===
* ''What are the main functional characteristics?''
* ''How have they been expressed or incorporated?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

=== Analysis of design/planning process ("Process Biography") ===
* ''How was the area/project formulated and implemented?''
* ''Who initiated the project and why?''
* ''Which stakeholders have been involved?''
* ''Who made the major decisions and when?''
* ''Were there any important consultations/collaborations?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Analysis of use/users ===
* ''How is the area/project used and by whom?''
* ''Is the use changing? Are there any issues?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

=== Future development directions ===
* ''How is the area/project evolving?''
* ''Are there any future goals?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Peer reviews or critique ===
* ''Has the area/project been reviewed by academic or professional reviewers?''
* ''What were their main evaluations? ''

Please add references, quotes...

=== Successes and limitations ===
*''What do you see as the main successes and limitations of the area/project?''

Illustration: Summary table

=== What can be generalized from this case study? ===
*''Are there any important theoretical insights? ''

Short statement plus background notes

=== What research questions does it generate? ===

Short statement plus background notes

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Image Gallery ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
</gallery>

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== References ===

* Author Year: Title, publisher, edition, page, ...
* etc.

* Website Year: Link, keyword, ...
* etc.

----

[[Category:Case Study]]
[[Category:Latvia]]
[[Category:Jelgava]]

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

Restorating the history - Transformation of the city of Jelgava, Latvia

2010-06-15T09:14:32Z

Ieva Kiesnere: /* Rationale: Why is the case study interesting? */

'''[http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Student_Case_Studies_Seminar_Cultural_Landscapes_2010 Back to Student Case Studies]'''

{| align="right" width="400pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"

|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"|''Jelgava transformation project''
|-
| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Jelgava''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Latvia''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ieva Kiesnere''
|-
| '''Project start''' || style="background:Lavender"|''enter the date of the project start''
|-
| '''Completion''' || style="background:Lavender"|''enter the date of completion''
|-
| '''World Heritage''' || style="background:Lavender"|''enter the year of listing''
|-
| '''Client''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Jelgava Municipality''
|-
| '''Project costs''' || style="background:Lavender"|''enter the costs (if known)''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|

[[Image:1702 plan of Jelgava_1.jpg|400px]]

<googlemap version="0.9" lat="56.646412" lon="23.715706" zoom="13" width="400" height="300" controls="small"></googlemap>

|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
|}

=== Rationale: Why is the case study interesting? ===
*''Please summarise:- e.g. Design Innovation? Planning Exemplar? Theoretical Insights? Lessons from its failure?
Jelgava is the 4th largest city in Latvia and is situated 41 km southwest of the capital of Latvia with 65,419 inhabitants (data of 2009). During its history, Jelgava has suffered from multiple wars and conquerors, as a result it had shaped its cityscape dramatically. Jelgava suffered considerably after the outbreak of World War I . During World War II, the city's historical center, industry, rail network, and public buildings were heavily damaged by the fighting, with almost 90% of the city destroyed.

[[Image:Jelgava_after_war.jpg]]
Destroyed Jelgava City after World War II.

Besides, city was destroyed not only physically, but also mentally. City lost its initial cultural landscape, houses, parks, even the old city of Jelgava. During Soviet period, city developed as an industrial center in Latvia. Plenty of industrial buildings were build, and this urban planning action moved city away form its historical roots more and more. Now Jelgava have a specific modern cultural landscape – its’ like a mosaics – next to the historical heritage and architectural monuments are situated shopping malls and block- houses, that have been built during the Soviet period. Historical plans are the only witness, who can tell us about city’s previous shape and individuality. Now it is time to reconstruct the history, what have been lost, and to integrate it in existing city planning. City desires its primary identity, what was lost for a long time period. This Case study will tell the Reader about Jelgava example – how Jelgava is recovering its own historical and cultural landscape.''

=== Author's perspective ===
*''What theoretical or professional perspective do you bring to the case study? Please make a short note on your personal background
Cultural landscape of the Jelgava is quite fresh and has been developed recently. In contradistinctions to cities of the World Heritage list, that needs sensitive approach to planning and carefully developed preservation plan, Jelgava city is in demand for artificial creation of this historical environment. It needs a longeval historical witness and our responsibility is to create such a historical breath. We need to reanimate initial cultural landscape of the Jelgava city. We need to make it artificially. ''

=== Cultural landscape context ===
*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall landscape character, history and dynamics
[[Image:Jelgava aerial view.jpg|1000px]]

Jelgava Aerial View. Academia Petrina, St. Simeon and Anna Orthodox Church, Catholic Church as a architectural monuments next to the witnesses of Soviet period - block- houses.

Information coming soon.. :) ''

=== Socio-political context===
*''Brief explanation of political economy, legal framework
The Livonian settlement Jelgava began developing between the rivers Lielupe and Driksa during the 10th century. Led by the Grand Master Konrad von Mander, the crusading Livonian Order constructed the castle in Mitau on a natural island fortification (Pilssala) in 1265-1266. Using Mitau as a southern fortress, the German knights subdued the surrounding Livonians and Semigallians by 1290. The town rose in importance as a defensive fixture against the Lithuanians to the south, who succeeded in plundering Jelgava in 1345.
As a result of the fall of the Livonian Order in the Livonian War, Mitau became a town of the Duchy of Courland in 1561. Jelgava received city rights in 1573, and became the capital of the united duchies of Courland and Semigallia in 1578. When the Duchy of Courland split in 1596, Jelgava became the residence of Duke Friedrich Kettler of Semigallia. The city again became the capital of the united duchies in 1617. Because the duchy became a vassal of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Jelgava was also referred to by the Polish name Mitawa. The Commonwealth's repeated wars with Sweden subjected Jelgava to several sieges. Despite the wars, the city grew as a center for trade and industry. As Courland's neighbors increased in strength, however, the duchy and Jelgava began to fall under Russia's sphere of influence; Carl Christian Joseph of Saxony, Duke of Courland had to abdicate under Russian siege in 1763. The duchess from 1711-1730 was Anna Ivanovna, later Empress Anna I of Russia.
The penultimate duke of Courland, Ernst Johann von Biron, expanded the cultural aspects of Jelgava. He constructed the ducal palace and opened the first public library in the city. In 1775 the last Duke of Courland, Peter, founded the Academia Petrina university, which became a spiritual center for the country. The duke also encouraged theatrical performances at his court.

With the outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789, the citizens of Jelgava clamored for more rights. However, Imperial Russia annexed the city with Courland in 1795 during the Partitions of Poland. As the seat of the Count of Provence, the palace of Jelgava was the residence (1798–1801 and 1804–1807) of Louis XVIII before he became the French king. Although the city was occupied by Prussian troops during the Napoleonic Wars, it was largely spared destruction.
Jelgava further expanded after the construction of its railway in 1868. The development of its infrastructure encouraged rural Latvians to migrate to the city, as merchants, craftsmen, teachers, and officials. By 1914 Jelgava had over 45,000 inhabitants. However, Jelgava suffered considerably after the outbreak of World War I. The spirited defence of Jeglava by two battaliosn of the Latvian Home Guard in 1915, helped inspire the formation of the Latvian Rifles. German troops occupied the city during the war, and after the war in 1919 Jelgava became a battleground between Bolshevik Red Guards, German paramilitaries, and Latvian freedom fighters. After the latter's victory, Jelgava became an important city in independent Latvia.
As a result of the Nazi-Soviet Pact, Jelgava was occupied and annexed with the rest of Latvia by the Soviet Union during World War II in 1940. Much of the city's remaining German population travelled westward during the Nazi-Soviet population transfers. German forces from Army Group North occupied Jelgava from 1941-1944 until the capture of the city by the Red Army. The city's historical center, industry, rail network, and public buildings were heavily damaged by the fighting, with almost 90% of the city destroyed.
Jelgava was rebuilt after World War II as part of the Latvian SSR, and following Latvian independence, Jelgava is now a popular tourist site.
''

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Spatial analysis of area/project ===
*''What are the main structural features?''
*''How has it been shaped? Were there any critical decisions?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

=== Analysis of idea/program/function ("Planning Objective")===
* ''What are the main functional characteristics?''
* ''How have they been expressed or incorporated?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

=== Analysis of design/planning process ("Process Biography") ===
* ''How was the area/project formulated and implemented?''
* ''Who initiated the project and why?''
* ''Which stakeholders have been involved?''
* ''Who made the major decisions and when?''
* ''Were there any important consultations/collaborations?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Analysis of use/users ===
* ''How is the area/project used and by whom?''
* ''Is the use changing? Are there any issues?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

=== Future development directions ===
* ''How is the area/project evolving?''
* ''Are there any future goals?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Peer reviews or critique ===
* ''Has the area/project been reviewed by academic or professional reviewers?''
* ''What were their main evaluations? ''

Please add references, quotes...

=== Successes and limitations ===
*''What do you see as the main successes and limitations of the area/project?''

Illustration: Summary table

=== What can be generalized from this case study? ===
*''Are there any important theoretical insights? ''

Short statement plus background notes

=== What research questions does it generate? ===

Short statement plus background notes

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Image Gallery ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
</gallery>

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== References ===

* Author Year: Title, publisher, edition, page, ...
* etc.

* Website Year: Link, keyword, ...
* etc.

----

[[Category:Case Study]]
[[Category:Latvia]]
[[Category:Jelgava]]

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

Restorating the history - Transformation of the city of Jelgava, Latvia

2010-06-15T09:13:30Z

Ieva Kiesnere: /* Rationale: Why is the case study interesting? */

'''[http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Student_Case_Studies_Seminar_Cultural_Landscapes_2010 Back to Student Case Studies]'''

{| align="right" width="400pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"

|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"|''Jelgava transformation project''
|-
| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Jelgava''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Latvia''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ieva Kiesnere''
|-
| '''Project start''' || style="background:Lavender"|''enter the date of the project start''
|-
| '''Completion''' || style="background:Lavender"|''enter the date of completion''
|-
| '''World Heritage''' || style="background:Lavender"|''enter the year of listing''
|-
| '''Client''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Jelgava Municipality''
|-
| '''Project costs''' || style="background:Lavender"|''enter the costs (if known)''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|

[[Image:1702 plan of Jelgava_1.jpg|400px]]

<googlemap version="0.9" lat="56.646412" lon="23.715706" zoom="13" width="400" height="300" controls="small"></googlemap>

|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
|}

=== Rationale: Why is the case study interesting? ===
*''Please summarise:- e.g. Design Innovation? Planning Exemplar? Theoretical Insights? Lessons from its failure?
Jelgava is the 4th largest city in Latvia and is situated 41 km southwest of the capital of Latvia with 65,419 inhabitants (data of 2009). During its history, Jelgava has suffered from multiple wars and conquerors, as a result it had shaped its cityscape dramatically. Jelgava suffered considerably after the outbreak of World War I . During World War II, the city's historical center, industry, rail network, and public buildings were heavily damaged by the fighting, with almost 90% of the city destroyed.

[[Image:Jelgava_after_war.jpg]]
Destroyed Jelgava City after wars

Besides, city was destroyed not only physically, but also mentally. City lost its initial cultural landscape, houses, parks, even the old city of Jelgava. During Soviet period, city developed as an industrial center in Latvia. Plenty of industrial buildings were build, and this urban planning action moved city away form its historical roots more and more. Now Jelgava have a specific modern cultural landscape – its’ like a mosaics – next to the historical heritage and architectural monuments are situated shopping malls and block- houses, that have been built during the Soviet period. Historical plans are the only witness, who can tell us about city’s previous shape and individuality. Now it is time to reconstruct the history, what have been lost, and to integrate it in existing city planning. City desires its primary identity, what was lost for a long time period. This Case study will tell the Reader about Jelgava example – how Jelgava is recovering its own historical and cultural landscape.''

=== Author's perspective ===
*''What theoretical or professional perspective do you bring to the case study? Please make a short note on your personal background
Cultural landscape of the Jelgava is quite fresh and has been developed recently. In contradistinctions to cities of the World Heritage list, that needs sensitive approach to planning and carefully developed preservation plan, Jelgava city is in demand for artificial creation of this historical environment. It needs a longeval historical witness and our responsibility is to create such a historical breath. We need to reanimate initial cultural landscape of the Jelgava city. We need to make it artificially. ''

=== Cultural landscape context ===
*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall landscape character, history and dynamics
[[Image:Jelgava aerial view.jpg|1000px]]

Jelgava Aerial View. Academia Petrina, St. Simeon and Anna Orthodox Church, Catholic Church as a architectural monuments next to the witnesses of Soviet period - block- houses.

Information coming soon.. :) ''

=== Socio-political context===
*''Brief explanation of political economy, legal framework
The Livonian settlement Jelgava began developing between the rivers Lielupe and Driksa during the 10th century. Led by the Grand Master Konrad von Mander, the crusading Livonian Order constructed the castle in Mitau on a natural island fortification (Pilssala) in 1265-1266. Using Mitau as a southern fortress, the German knights subdued the surrounding Livonians and Semigallians by 1290. The town rose in importance as a defensive fixture against the Lithuanians to the south, who succeeded in plundering Jelgava in 1345.
As a result of the fall of the Livonian Order in the Livonian War, Mitau became a town of the Duchy of Courland in 1561. Jelgava received city rights in 1573, and became the capital of the united duchies of Courland and Semigallia in 1578. When the Duchy of Courland split in 1596, Jelgava became the residence of Duke Friedrich Kettler of Semigallia. The city again became the capital of the united duchies in 1617. Because the duchy became a vassal of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Jelgava was also referred to by the Polish name Mitawa. The Commonwealth's repeated wars with Sweden subjected Jelgava to several sieges. Despite the wars, the city grew as a center for trade and industry. As Courland's neighbors increased in strength, however, the duchy and Jelgava began to fall under Russia's sphere of influence; Carl Christian Joseph of Saxony, Duke of Courland had to abdicate under Russian siege in 1763. The duchess from 1711-1730 was Anna Ivanovna, later Empress Anna I of Russia.
The penultimate duke of Courland, Ernst Johann von Biron, expanded the cultural aspects of Jelgava. He constructed the ducal palace and opened the first public library in the city. In 1775 the last Duke of Courland, Peter, founded the Academia Petrina university, which became a spiritual center for the country. The duke also encouraged theatrical performances at his court.

With the outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789, the citizens of Jelgava clamored for more rights. However, Imperial Russia annexed the city with Courland in 1795 during the Partitions of Poland. As the seat of the Count of Provence, the palace of Jelgava was the residence (1798–1801 and 1804–1807) of Louis XVIII before he became the French king. Although the city was occupied by Prussian troops during the Napoleonic Wars, it was largely spared destruction.
Jelgava further expanded after the construction of its railway in 1868. The development of its infrastructure encouraged rural Latvians to migrate to the city, as merchants, craftsmen, teachers, and officials. By 1914 Jelgava had over 45,000 inhabitants. However, Jelgava suffered considerably after the outbreak of World War I. The spirited defence of Jeglava by two battaliosn of the Latvian Home Guard in 1915, helped inspire the formation of the Latvian Rifles. German troops occupied the city during the war, and after the war in 1919 Jelgava became a battleground between Bolshevik Red Guards, German paramilitaries, and Latvian freedom fighters. After the latter's victory, Jelgava became an important city in independent Latvia.
As a result of the Nazi-Soviet Pact, Jelgava was occupied and annexed with the rest of Latvia by the Soviet Union during World War II in 1940. Much of the city's remaining German population travelled westward during the Nazi-Soviet population transfers. German forces from Army Group North occupied Jelgava from 1941-1944 until the capture of the city by the Red Army. The city's historical center, industry, rail network, and public buildings were heavily damaged by the fighting, with almost 90% of the city destroyed.
Jelgava was rebuilt after World War II as part of the Latvian SSR, and following Latvian independence, Jelgava is now a popular tourist site.
''

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Spatial analysis of area/project ===
*''What are the main structural features?''
*''How has it been shaped? Were there any critical decisions?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

=== Analysis of idea/program/function ("Planning Objective")===
* ''What are the main functional characteristics?''
* ''How have they been expressed or incorporated?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

=== Analysis of design/planning process ("Process Biography") ===
* ''How was the area/project formulated and implemented?''
* ''Who initiated the project and why?''
* ''Which stakeholders have been involved?''
* ''Who made the major decisions and when?''
* ''Were there any important consultations/collaborations?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Analysis of use/users ===
* ''How is the area/project used and by whom?''
* ''Is the use changing? Are there any issues?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

=== Future development directions ===
* ''How is the area/project evolving?''
* ''Are there any future goals?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Peer reviews or critique ===
* ''Has the area/project been reviewed by academic or professional reviewers?''
* ''What were their main evaluations? ''

Please add references, quotes...

=== Successes and limitations ===
*''What do you see as the main successes and limitations of the area/project?''

Illustration: Summary table

=== What can be generalized from this case study? ===
*''Are there any important theoretical insights? ''

Short statement plus background notes

=== What research questions does it generate? ===

Short statement plus background notes

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Image Gallery ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
</gallery>

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== References ===

* Author Year: Title, publisher, edition, page, ...
* etc.

* Website Year: Link, keyword, ...
* etc.

----

[[Category:Case Study]]
[[Category:Latvia]]
[[Category:Jelgava]]

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

File:Jelgava after war.jpg

2010-06-15T09:11:15Z

Ieva Kiesnere:

Restorating the history - Transformation of the city of Jelgava, Latvia

2010-06-07T20:29:07Z

Ieva Kiesnere: /* Cultural landscape context */

'''[http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Student_Case_Studies_Seminar_Cultural_Landscapes_2010 Back to Student Case Studies]'''

{| align="right" width="400pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"

|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"|''Jelgava transformation project''
|-
| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Jelgava''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Latvia''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ieva Kiesnere''
|-
| '''Project start''' || style="background:Lavender"|''enter the date of the project start''
|-
| '''Completion''' || style="background:Lavender"|''enter the date of completion''
|-
| '''World Heritage''' || style="background:Lavender"|''enter the year of listing''
|-
| '''Client''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Jelgava Municipality''
|-
| '''Project costs''' || style="background:Lavender"|''enter the costs (if known)''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|

[[Image:1702_plan_of_Jelgava_1.jpg|400px]]

<googlemap version="0.9" lat="56.646412" lon="23.715706" zoom="13" width="400" height="300" controls="small"></googlemap>

|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
|}

=== Rationale: Why is the case study interesting? ===
*''Please summarise:- e.g. Design Innovation? Planning Exemplar? Theoretical Insights? Lessons from its failure?
Jelgava is the 4th largest city in Latvia and is situated 41 km southwest of the capital of Latvia with 65,419 inhabitants (data of 2009). During its history, Jelgava has suffered from multiple wars and conquerors, as a result it had shaped its cityscape dramatically. Jelgava suffered considerably after the outbreak of World War I . During World War II, the city's historical center, industry, rail network, and public buildings were heavily damaged by the fighting, with almost 90% of the city destroyed. Besides, city was destroyed not only physically, but also mentally. City lost its initial cultural landscape, houses, parks, even the old city of Jelgava. During Soviet period, city developed as an industrial center in Latvia. Plenty of industrial buildings were build, and this urban planning action moved city away form its historical roots more and more. Now Jelgava have a specific modern cultural landscape – its’ like a mosaics – next to the historical heritage and architectural monuments are situated shopping malls and block- houses, that have been built during the Soviet period. Historical plans are the only witness, who can tell us about city’s previous shape and individuality. Now it is time to reconstruct the history, what have been lost, and to integrate it in existing city planning. City desires its primary identity, what was lost for a long time period. This Case study will tell the Reader about Jelgava example – how Jelgava is recovering its own historical and cultural landscape.''

=== Author's perspective ===
*''What theoretical or professional perspective do you bring to the case study? Please make a short note on your personal background
Cultural landscape of the Jelgava is quite fresh and has been developed recently. In contradistinctions to cities of the World Heritage list, that needs sensitive approach to planning and carefully developed preservation plan, Jelgava city is in demand for artificial creation of this historical environment. It needs a longeval historical witness and our responsibility is to create such a historical breath. We need to reanimate initial cultural landscape of the Jelgava city. We need to make it artificially. ''

=== Cultural landscape context ===
*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall landscape character, history and dynamics
[[Image:Jelgava aerial view.jpg]]

Jelgava Aerial View. Academia Petrina, St. Simeon and Anna Orthodox Church, Catholic Church as a architectural monuments next to the witnesses of Soviet period - block- houses.

Information coming soon.. :) ''

=== Socio-political context===
*''Brief explanation of political economy, legal framework
The Livonian settlement Jelgava began developing between the rivers Lielupe and Driksa during the 10th century. Led by the Grand Master Konrad von Mander, the crusading Livonian Order constructed the castle in Mitau on a natural island fortification (Pilssala) in 1265-1266. Using Mitau as a southern fortress, the German knights subdued the surrounding Livonians and Semigallians by 1290. The town rose in importance as a defensive fixture against the Lithuanians to the south, who succeeded in plundering Jelgava in 1345.
As a result of the fall of the Livonian Order in the Livonian War, Mitau became a town of the Duchy of Courland in 1561. Jelgava received city rights in 1573, and became the capital of the united duchies of Courland and Semigallia in 1578. When the Duchy of Courland split in 1596, Jelgava became the residence of Duke Friedrich Kettler of Semigallia. The city again became the capital of the united duchies in 1617. Because the duchy became a vassal of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Jelgava was also referred to by the Polish name Mitawa. The Commonwealth's repeated wars with Sweden subjected Jelgava to several sieges. Despite the wars, the city grew as a center for trade and industry. As Courland's neighbors increased in strength, however, the duchy and Jelgava began to fall under Russia's sphere of influence; Carl Christian Joseph of Saxony, Duke of Courland had to abdicate under Russian siege in 1763. The duchess from 1711-1730 was Anna Ivanovna, later Empress Anna I of Russia.
The penultimate duke of Courland, Ernst Johann von Biron, expanded the cultural aspects of Jelgava. He constructed the ducal palace and opened the first public library in the city. In 1775 the last Duke of Courland, Peter, founded the Academia Petrina university, which became a spiritual center for the country. The duke also encouraged theatrical performances at his court.

With the outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789, the citizens of Jelgava clamored for more rights. However, Imperial Russia annexed the city with Courland in 1795 during the Partitions of Poland. As the seat of the Count of Provence, the palace of Jelgava was the residence (1798–1801 and 1804–1807) of Louis XVIII before he became the French king. Although the city was occupied by Prussian troops during the Napoleonic Wars, it was largely spared destruction.
Jelgava further expanded after the construction of its railway in 1868. The development of its infrastructure encouraged rural Latvians to migrate to the city, as merchants, craftsmen, teachers, and officials. By 1914 Jelgava had over 45,000 inhabitants. However, Jelgava suffered considerably after the outbreak of World War I. The spirited defence of Jeglava by two battaliosn of the Latvian Home Guard in 1915, helped inspire the formation of the Latvian Rifles. German troops occupied the city during the war, and after the war in 1919 Jelgava became a battleground between Bolshevik Red Guards, German paramilitaries, and Latvian freedom fighters. After the latter's victory, Jelgava became an important city in independent Latvia.
As a result of the Nazi-Soviet Pact, Jelgava was occupied and annexed with the rest of Latvia by the Soviet Union during World War II in 1940. Much of the city's remaining German population travelled westward during the Nazi-Soviet population transfers. German forces from Army Group North occupied Jelgava from 1941-1944 until the capture of the city by the Red Army. The city's historical center, industry, rail network, and public buildings were heavily damaged by the fighting, with almost 90% of the city destroyed.
Jelgava was rebuilt after World War II as part of the Latvian SSR, and following Latvian independence, Jelgava is now a popular tourist site.
''

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Spatial analysis of area/project ===
*''What are the main structural features?''
*''How has it been shaped? Were there any critical decisions?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

=== Analysis of idea/program/function ("Planning Objective")===
* ''What are the main functional characteristics?''
* ''How have they been expressed or incorporated?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

=== Analysis of design/planning process ("Process Biography") ===
* ''How was the area/project formulated and implemented?''
* ''Who initiated the project and why?''
* ''Which stakeholders have been involved?''
* ''Who made the major decisions and when?''
* ''Were there any important consultations/collaborations?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Analysis of use/users ===
* ''How is the area/project used and by whom?''
* ''Is the use changing? Are there any issues?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

=== Future development directions ===
* ''How is the area/project evolving?''
* ''Are there any future goals?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Peer reviews or critique ===
* ''Has the area/project been reviewed by academic or professional reviewers?''
* ''What were their main evaluations? ''

Please add references, quotes...

=== Successes and limitations ===
*''What do you see as the main successes and limitations of the area/project?''

Illustration: Summary table

=== What can be generalized from this case study? ===
*''Are there any important theoretical insights? ''

Short statement plus background notes

=== What research questions does it generate? ===

Short statement plus background notes

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Image Gallery ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
</gallery>

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== References ===

* Author Year: Title, publisher, edition, page, ...
* etc.

* Website Year: Link, keyword, ...
* etc.

----

[[Category:Case Study]]
[[Category:Latvia]]
[[Category:Jelgava]]

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

Restorating the history - Transformation of the city of Jelgava, Latvia

2010-06-07T20:18:09Z

Ieva Kiesnere: /* Cultural landscape context */

'''[http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Student_Case_Studies_Seminar_Cultural_Landscapes_2010 Back to Student Case Studies]'''

{| align="right" width="400pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"

|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"|''Jelgava transformation project''
|-
| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Jelgava''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Latvia''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ieva Kiesnere''
|-
| '''Project start''' || style="background:Lavender"|''enter the date of the project start''
|-
| '''Completion''' || style="background:Lavender"|''enter the date of completion''
|-
| '''World Heritage''' || style="background:Lavender"|''enter the year of listing''
|-
| '''Client''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Jelgava Municipality''
|-
| '''Project costs''' || style="background:Lavender"|''enter the costs (if known)''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|

[[Image:1702_plan_of_Jelgava_1.jpg|400px]]

<googlemap version="0.9" lat="56.646412" lon="23.715706" zoom="13" width="400" height="300" controls="small"></googlemap>

|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
|}

=== Rationale: Why is the case study interesting? ===
*''Please summarise:- e.g. Design Innovation? Planning Exemplar? Theoretical Insights? Lessons from its failure?
Jelgava is the 4th largest city in Latvia and is situated 41 km southwest of the capital of Latvia with 65,419 inhabitants (data of 2009). During its history, Jelgava has suffered from multiple wars and conquerors, as a result it had shaped its cityscape dramatically. Jelgava suffered considerably after the outbreak of World War I . During World War II, the city's historical center, industry, rail network, and public buildings were heavily damaged by the fighting, with almost 90% of the city destroyed. Besides, city was destroyed not only physically, but also mentally. City lost its initial cultural landscape, houses, parks, even the old city of Jelgava. During Soviet period, city developed as an industrial center in Latvia. Plenty of industrial buildings were build, and this urban planning action moved city away form its historical roots more and more. Now Jelgava have a specific modern cultural landscape – its’ like a mosaics – next to the historical heritage and architectural monuments are situated shopping malls and block- houses, that have been built during the Soviet period. Historical plans are the only witness, who can tell us about city’s previous shape and individuality. Now it is time to reconstruct the history, what have been lost, and to integrate it in existing city planning. City desires its primary identity, what was lost for a long time period. This Case study will tell the Reader about Jelgava example – how Jelgava is recovering its own historical and cultural landscape.''

=== Author's perspective ===
*''What theoretical or professional perspective do you bring to the case study? Please make a short note on your personal background
Cultural landscape of the Jelgava is quite fresh and has been developed recently. In contradistinctions to cities of the World Heritage list, that needs sensitive approach to planning and carefully developed preservation plan, Jelgava city is in demand for artificial creation of this historical environment. It needs a longeval historical witness and our responsibility is to create such a historical breath. We need to reanimate initial cultural landscape of the Jelgava city. We need to make it artificially. ''

=== Cultural landscape context ===
*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall landscape character, history and dynamics
[[Image:Jelgava aerial view.jpg]]

Jelgava Aerial View. Academia Petrina, St. Simeon and Anna Orthodox Church, Catholic Church as a architectural monuments next to the witnesses of Soviet period - block- houses. ''

=== Socio-political context===
*''Brief explanation of political economy, legal framework
The Livonian settlement Jelgava began developing between the rivers Lielupe and Driksa during the 10th century. Led by the Grand Master Konrad von Mander, the crusading Livonian Order constructed the castle in Mitau on a natural island fortification (Pilssala) in 1265-1266. Using Mitau as a southern fortress, the German knights subdued the surrounding Livonians and Semigallians by 1290. The town rose in importance as a defensive fixture against the Lithuanians to the south, who succeeded in plundering Jelgava in 1345.
As a result of the fall of the Livonian Order in the Livonian War, Mitau became a town of the Duchy of Courland in 1561. Jelgava received city rights in 1573, and became the capital of the united duchies of Courland and Semigallia in 1578. When the Duchy of Courland split in 1596, Jelgava became the residence of Duke Friedrich Kettler of Semigallia. The city again became the capital of the united duchies in 1617. Because the duchy became a vassal of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Jelgava was also referred to by the Polish name Mitawa. The Commonwealth's repeated wars with Sweden subjected Jelgava to several sieges. Despite the wars, the city grew as a center for trade and industry. As Courland's neighbors increased in strength, however, the duchy and Jelgava began to fall under Russia's sphere of influence; Carl Christian Joseph of Saxony, Duke of Courland had to abdicate under Russian siege in 1763. The duchess from 1711-1730 was Anna Ivanovna, later Empress Anna I of Russia.
The penultimate duke of Courland, Ernst Johann von Biron, expanded the cultural aspects of Jelgava. He constructed the ducal palace and opened the first public library in the city. In 1775 the last Duke of Courland, Peter, founded the Academia Petrina university, which became a spiritual center for the country. The duke also encouraged theatrical performances at his court.

With the outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789, the citizens of Jelgava clamored for more rights. However, Imperial Russia annexed the city with Courland in 1795 during the Partitions of Poland. As the seat of the Count of Provence, the palace of Jelgava was the residence (1798–1801 and 1804–1807) of Louis XVIII before he became the French king. Although the city was occupied by Prussian troops during the Napoleonic Wars, it was largely spared destruction.
Jelgava further expanded after the construction of its railway in 1868. The development of its infrastructure encouraged rural Latvians to migrate to the city, as merchants, craftsmen, teachers, and officials. By 1914 Jelgava had over 45,000 inhabitants. However, Jelgava suffered considerably after the outbreak of World War I. The spirited defence of Jeglava by two battaliosn of the Latvian Home Guard in 1915, helped inspire the formation of the Latvian Rifles. German troops occupied the city during the war, and after the war in 1919 Jelgava became a battleground between Bolshevik Red Guards, German paramilitaries, and Latvian freedom fighters. After the latter's victory, Jelgava became an important city in independent Latvia.
As a result of the Nazi-Soviet Pact, Jelgava was occupied and annexed with the rest of Latvia by the Soviet Union during World War II in 1940. Much of the city's remaining German population travelled westward during the Nazi-Soviet population transfers. German forces from Army Group North occupied Jelgava from 1941-1944 until the capture of the city by the Red Army. The city's historical center, industry, rail network, and public buildings were heavily damaged by the fighting, with almost 90% of the city destroyed.
Jelgava was rebuilt after World War II as part of the Latvian SSR, and following Latvian independence, Jelgava is now a popular tourist site.
''

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Spatial analysis of area/project ===
*''What are the main structural features?''
*''How has it been shaped? Were there any critical decisions?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

=== Analysis of idea/program/function ("Planning Objective")===
* ''What are the main functional characteristics?''
* ''How have they been expressed or incorporated?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

=== Analysis of design/planning process ("Process Biography") ===
* ''How was the area/project formulated and implemented?''
* ''Who initiated the project and why?''
* ''Which stakeholders have been involved?''
* ''Who made the major decisions and when?''
* ''Were there any important consultations/collaborations?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Analysis of use/users ===
* ''How is the area/project used and by whom?''
* ''Is the use changing? Are there any issues?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

=== Future development directions ===
* ''How is the area/project evolving?''
* ''Are there any future goals?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Peer reviews or critique ===
* ''Has the area/project been reviewed by academic or professional reviewers?''
* ''What were their main evaluations? ''

Please add references, quotes...

=== Successes and limitations ===
*''What do you see as the main successes and limitations of the area/project?''

Illustration: Summary table

=== What can be generalized from this case study? ===
*''Are there any important theoretical insights? ''

Short statement plus background notes

=== What research questions does it generate? ===

Short statement plus background notes

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Image Gallery ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
</gallery>

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== References ===

* Author Year: Title, publisher, edition, page, ...
* etc.

* Website Year: Link, keyword, ...
* etc.

----

[[Category:Case Study]]
[[Category:Latvia]]
[[Category:Jelgava]]

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

Restorating the history - Transformation of the city of Jelgava, Latvia

2010-06-07T20:16:37Z

Ieva Kiesnere: /* Cultural landscape context */

'''[http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Student_Case_Studies_Seminar_Cultural_Landscapes_2010 Back to Student Case Studies]'''

{| align="right" width="400pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"

|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"|''Jelgava transformation project''
|-
| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Jelgava''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Latvia''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ieva Kiesnere''
|-
| '''Project start''' || style="background:Lavender"|''enter the date of the project start''
|-
| '''Completion''' || style="background:Lavender"|''enter the date of completion''
|-
| '''World Heritage''' || style="background:Lavender"|''enter the year of listing''
|-
| '''Client''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Jelgava Municipality''
|-
| '''Project costs''' || style="background:Lavender"|''enter the costs (if known)''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|

[[Image:1702_plan_of_Jelgava_1.jpg|400px]]

<googlemap version="0.9" lat="56.646412" lon="23.715706" zoom="13" width="400" height="300" controls="small"></googlemap>

|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
|}

=== Rationale: Why is the case study interesting? ===
*''Please summarise:- e.g. Design Innovation? Planning Exemplar? Theoretical Insights? Lessons from its failure?
Jelgava is the 4th largest city in Latvia and is situated 41 km southwest of the capital of Latvia with 65,419 inhabitants (data of 2009). During its history, Jelgava has suffered from multiple wars and conquerors, as a result it had shaped its cityscape dramatically. Jelgava suffered considerably after the outbreak of World War I . During World War II, the city's historical center, industry, rail network, and public buildings were heavily damaged by the fighting, with almost 90% of the city destroyed. Besides, city was destroyed not only physically, but also mentally. City lost its initial cultural landscape, houses, parks, even the old city of Jelgava. During Soviet period, city developed as an industrial center in Latvia. Plenty of industrial buildings were build, and this urban planning action moved city away form its historical roots more and more. Now Jelgava have a specific modern cultural landscape – its’ like a mosaics – next to the historical heritage and architectural monuments are situated shopping malls and block- houses, that have been built during the Soviet period. Historical plans are the only witness, who can tell us about city’s previous shape and individuality. Now it is time to reconstruct the history, what have been lost, and to integrate it in existing city planning. City desires its primary identity, what was lost for a long time period. This Case study will tell the Reader about Jelgava example – how Jelgava is recovering its own historical and cultural landscape.''

=== Author's perspective ===
*''What theoretical or professional perspective do you bring to the case study? Please make a short note on your personal background
Cultural landscape of the Jelgava is quite fresh and has been developed recently. In contradistinctions to cities of the World Heritage list, that needs sensitive approach to planning and carefully developed preservation plan, Jelgava city is in demand for artificial creation of this historical environment. It needs a longeval historical witness and our responsibility is to create such a historical breath. We need to reanimate initial cultural landscape of the Jelgava city. We need to make it artificially. ''

=== Cultural landscape context ===
*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall landscape character, history and dynamics
[[Image:Jelgava aerial view.jpg]]

Jelgava Aerial View. Academia Petrina, St. Simeon and Anna Orthodox Church, Catholic Church as a architectural monuments next to the witnesses of Soviet period - block- houses. ''

Illustration:
Map; sketches; short descriptive analyses

=== Socio-political context===
*''Brief explanation of political economy, legal framework
The Livonian settlement Jelgava began developing between the rivers Lielupe and Driksa during the 10th century. Led by the Grand Master Konrad von Mander, the crusading Livonian Order constructed the castle in Mitau on a natural island fortification (Pilssala) in 1265-1266. Using Mitau as a southern fortress, the German knights subdued the surrounding Livonians and Semigallians by 1290. The town rose in importance as a defensive fixture against the Lithuanians to the south, who succeeded in plundering Jelgava in 1345.
As a result of the fall of the Livonian Order in the Livonian War, Mitau became a town of the Duchy of Courland in 1561. Jelgava received city rights in 1573, and became the capital of the united duchies of Courland and Semigallia in 1578. When the Duchy of Courland split in 1596, Jelgava became the residence of Duke Friedrich Kettler of Semigallia. The city again became the capital of the united duchies in 1617. Because the duchy became a vassal of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Jelgava was also referred to by the Polish name Mitawa. The Commonwealth's repeated wars with Sweden subjected Jelgava to several sieges. Despite the wars, the city grew as a center for trade and industry. As Courland's neighbors increased in strength, however, the duchy and Jelgava began to fall under Russia's sphere of influence; Carl Christian Joseph of Saxony, Duke of Courland had to abdicate under Russian siege in 1763. The duchess from 1711-1730 was Anna Ivanovna, later Empress Anna I of Russia.
The penultimate duke of Courland, Ernst Johann von Biron, expanded the cultural aspects of Jelgava. He constructed the ducal palace and opened the first public library in the city. In 1775 the last Duke of Courland, Peter, founded the Academia Petrina university, which became a spiritual center for the country. The duke also encouraged theatrical performances at his court.

With the outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789, the citizens of Jelgava clamored for more rights. However, Imperial Russia annexed the city with Courland in 1795 during the Partitions of Poland. As the seat of the Count of Provence, the palace of Jelgava was the residence (1798–1801 and 1804–1807) of Louis XVIII before he became the French king. Although the city was occupied by Prussian troops during the Napoleonic Wars, it was largely spared destruction.
Jelgava further expanded after the construction of its railway in 1868. The development of its infrastructure encouraged rural Latvians to migrate to the city, as merchants, craftsmen, teachers, and officials. By 1914 Jelgava had over 45,000 inhabitants. However, Jelgava suffered considerably after the outbreak of World War I. The spirited defence of Jeglava by two battaliosn of the Latvian Home Guard in 1915, helped inspire the formation of the Latvian Rifles. German troops occupied the city during the war, and after the war in 1919 Jelgava became a battleground between Bolshevik Red Guards, German paramilitaries, and Latvian freedom fighters. After the latter's victory, Jelgava became an important city in independent Latvia.
As a result of the Nazi-Soviet Pact, Jelgava was occupied and annexed with the rest of Latvia by the Soviet Union during World War II in 1940. Much of the city's remaining German population travelled westward during the Nazi-Soviet population transfers. German forces from Army Group North occupied Jelgava from 1941-1944 until the capture of the city by the Red Army. The city's historical center, industry, rail network, and public buildings were heavily damaged by the fighting, with almost 90% of the city destroyed.
Jelgava was rebuilt after World War II as part of the Latvian SSR, and following Latvian independence, Jelgava is now a popular tourist site.
''

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Spatial analysis of area/project ===
*''What are the main structural features?''
*''How has it been shaped? Were there any critical decisions?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

=== Analysis of idea/program/function ("Planning Objective")===
* ''What are the main functional characteristics?''
* ''How have they been expressed or incorporated?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

=== Analysis of design/planning process ("Process Biography") ===
* ''How was the area/project formulated and implemented?''
* ''Who initiated the project and why?''
* ''Which stakeholders have been involved?''
* ''Who made the major decisions and when?''
* ''Were there any important consultations/collaborations?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Analysis of use/users ===
* ''How is the area/project used and by whom?''
* ''Is the use changing? Are there any issues?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

=== Future development directions ===
* ''How is the area/project evolving?''
* ''Are there any future goals?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Peer reviews or critique ===
* ''Has the area/project been reviewed by academic or professional reviewers?''
* ''What were their main evaluations? ''

Please add references, quotes...

=== Successes and limitations ===
*''What do you see as the main successes and limitations of the area/project?''

Illustration: Summary table

=== What can be generalized from this case study? ===
*''Are there any important theoretical insights? ''

Short statement plus background notes

=== What research questions does it generate? ===

Short statement plus background notes

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Image Gallery ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
</gallery>

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== References ===

* Author Year: Title, publisher, edition, page, ...
* etc.

* Website Year: Link, keyword, ...
* etc.

----

[[Category:Case Study]]
[[Category:Latvia]]
[[Category:Jelgava]]

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

Restorating the history - Transformation of the city of Jelgava, Latvia

2010-06-07T20:16:18Z

Ieva Kiesnere: /* Socio-political context */

'''[http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Student_Case_Studies_Seminar_Cultural_Landscapes_2010 Back to Student Case Studies]'''

{| align="right" width="400pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"

|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"|''Jelgava transformation project''
|-
| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Jelgava''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Latvia''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ieva Kiesnere''
|-
| '''Project start''' || style="background:Lavender"|''enter the date of the project start''
|-
| '''Completion''' || style="background:Lavender"|''enter the date of completion''
|-
| '''World Heritage''' || style="background:Lavender"|''enter the year of listing''
|-
| '''Client''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Jelgava Municipality''
|-
| '''Project costs''' || style="background:Lavender"|''enter the costs (if known)''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|

[[Image:1702_plan_of_Jelgava_1.jpg|400px]]

<googlemap version="0.9" lat="56.646412" lon="23.715706" zoom="13" width="400" height="300" controls="small"></googlemap>

|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
|}

=== Rationale: Why is the case study interesting? ===
*''Please summarise:- e.g. Design Innovation? Planning Exemplar? Theoretical Insights? Lessons from its failure?
Jelgava is the 4th largest city in Latvia and is situated 41 km southwest of the capital of Latvia with 65,419 inhabitants (data of 2009). During its history, Jelgava has suffered from multiple wars and conquerors, as a result it had shaped its cityscape dramatically. Jelgava suffered considerably after the outbreak of World War I . During World War II, the city's historical center, industry, rail network, and public buildings were heavily damaged by the fighting, with almost 90% of the city destroyed. Besides, city was destroyed not only physically, but also mentally. City lost its initial cultural landscape, houses, parks, even the old city of Jelgava. During Soviet period, city developed as an industrial center in Latvia. Plenty of industrial buildings were build, and this urban planning action moved city away form its historical roots more and more. Now Jelgava have a specific modern cultural landscape – its’ like a mosaics – next to the historical heritage and architectural monuments are situated shopping malls and block- houses, that have been built during the Soviet period. Historical plans are the only witness, who can tell us about city’s previous shape and individuality. Now it is time to reconstruct the history, what have been lost, and to integrate it in existing city planning. City desires its primary identity, what was lost for a long time period. This Case study will tell the Reader about Jelgava example – how Jelgava is recovering its own historical and cultural landscape.''

=== Author's perspective ===
*''What theoretical or professional perspective do you bring to the case study? Please make a short note on your personal background
Cultural landscape of the Jelgava is quite fresh and has been developed recently. In contradistinctions to cities of the World Heritage list, that needs sensitive approach to planning and carefully developed preservation plan, Jelgava city is in demand for artificial creation of this historical environment. It needs a longeval historical witness and our responsibility is to create such a historical breath. We need to reanimate initial cultural landscape of the Jelgava city. We need to make it artificially. ''

=== Cultural landscape context ===
*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall landscape character, history and dynamics''

Illustration:
Map; sketches; short descriptive analyses

=== Socio-political context===
*''Brief explanation of political economy, legal framework
The Livonian settlement Jelgava began developing between the rivers Lielupe and Driksa during the 10th century. Led by the Grand Master Konrad von Mander, the crusading Livonian Order constructed the castle in Mitau on a natural island fortification (Pilssala) in 1265-1266. Using Mitau as a southern fortress, the German knights subdued the surrounding Livonians and Semigallians by 1290. The town rose in importance as a defensive fixture against the Lithuanians to the south, who succeeded in plundering Jelgava in 1345.
As a result of the fall of the Livonian Order in the Livonian War, Mitau became a town of the Duchy of Courland in 1561. Jelgava received city rights in 1573, and became the capital of the united duchies of Courland and Semigallia in 1578. When the Duchy of Courland split in 1596, Jelgava became the residence of Duke Friedrich Kettler of Semigallia. The city again became the capital of the united duchies in 1617. Because the duchy became a vassal of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Jelgava was also referred to by the Polish name Mitawa. The Commonwealth's repeated wars with Sweden subjected Jelgava to several sieges. Despite the wars, the city grew as a center for trade and industry. As Courland's neighbors increased in strength, however, the duchy and Jelgava began to fall under Russia's sphere of influence; Carl Christian Joseph of Saxony, Duke of Courland had to abdicate under Russian siege in 1763. The duchess from 1711-1730 was Anna Ivanovna, later Empress Anna I of Russia.
The penultimate duke of Courland, Ernst Johann von Biron, expanded the cultural aspects of Jelgava. He constructed the ducal palace and opened the first public library in the city. In 1775 the last Duke of Courland, Peter, founded the Academia Petrina university, which became a spiritual center for the country. The duke also encouraged theatrical performances at his court.

With the outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789, the citizens of Jelgava clamored for more rights. However, Imperial Russia annexed the city with Courland in 1795 during the Partitions of Poland. As the seat of the Count of Provence, the palace of Jelgava was the residence (1798–1801 and 1804–1807) of Louis XVIII before he became the French king. Although the city was occupied by Prussian troops during the Napoleonic Wars, it was largely spared destruction.
Jelgava further expanded after the construction of its railway in 1868. The development of its infrastructure encouraged rural Latvians to migrate to the city, as merchants, craftsmen, teachers, and officials. By 1914 Jelgava had over 45,000 inhabitants. However, Jelgava suffered considerably after the outbreak of World War I. The spirited defence of Jeglava by two battaliosn of the Latvian Home Guard in 1915, helped inspire the formation of the Latvian Rifles. German troops occupied the city during the war, and after the war in 1919 Jelgava became a battleground between Bolshevik Red Guards, German paramilitaries, and Latvian freedom fighters. After the latter's victory, Jelgava became an important city in independent Latvia.
As a result of the Nazi-Soviet Pact, Jelgava was occupied and annexed with the rest of Latvia by the Soviet Union during World War II in 1940. Much of the city's remaining German population travelled westward during the Nazi-Soviet population transfers. German forces from Army Group North occupied Jelgava from 1941-1944 until the capture of the city by the Red Army. The city's historical center, industry, rail network, and public buildings were heavily damaged by the fighting, with almost 90% of the city destroyed.
Jelgava was rebuilt after World War II as part of the Latvian SSR, and following Latvian independence, Jelgava is now a popular tourist site.
''

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Spatial analysis of area/project ===
*''What are the main structural features?''
*''How has it been shaped? Were there any critical decisions?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

=== Analysis of idea/program/function ("Planning Objective")===
* ''What are the main functional characteristics?''
* ''How have they been expressed or incorporated?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

=== Analysis of design/planning process ("Process Biography") ===
* ''How was the area/project formulated and implemented?''
* ''Who initiated the project and why?''
* ''Which stakeholders have been involved?''
* ''Who made the major decisions and when?''
* ''Were there any important consultations/collaborations?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Analysis of use/users ===
* ''How is the area/project used and by whom?''
* ''Is the use changing? Are there any issues?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

=== Future development directions ===
* ''How is the area/project evolving?''
* ''Are there any future goals?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Peer reviews or critique ===
* ''Has the area/project been reviewed by academic or professional reviewers?''
* ''What were their main evaluations? ''

Please add references, quotes...

=== Successes and limitations ===
*''What do you see as the main successes and limitations of the area/project?''

Illustration: Summary table

=== What can be generalized from this case study? ===
*''Are there any important theoretical insights? ''

Short statement plus background notes

=== What research questions does it generate? ===

Short statement plus background notes

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Image Gallery ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
</gallery>

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== References ===

* Author Year: Title, publisher, edition, page, ...
* etc.

* Website Year: Link, keyword, ...
* etc.

----

[[Category:Case Study]]
[[Category:Latvia]]
[[Category:Jelgava]]

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

Restorating the history - Transformation of the city of Jelgava, Latvia

2010-06-07T20:14:08Z

Ieva Kiesnere: /* Socio-political context */

'''[http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Student_Case_Studies_Seminar_Cultural_Landscapes_2010 Back to Student Case Studies]'''

{| align="right" width="400pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"

|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"|''Jelgava transformation project''
|-
| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Jelgava''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Latvia''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ieva Kiesnere''
|-
| '''Project start''' || style="background:Lavender"|''enter the date of the project start''
|-
| '''Completion''' || style="background:Lavender"|''enter the date of completion''
|-
| '''World Heritage''' || style="background:Lavender"|''enter the year of listing''
|-
| '''Client''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Jelgava Municipality''
|-
| '''Project costs''' || style="background:Lavender"|''enter the costs (if known)''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|

[[Image:1702_plan_of_Jelgava_1.jpg|400px]]

<googlemap version="0.9" lat="56.646412" lon="23.715706" zoom="13" width="400" height="300" controls="small"></googlemap>

|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
|}

=== Rationale: Why is the case study interesting? ===
*''Please summarise:- e.g. Design Innovation? Planning Exemplar? Theoretical Insights? Lessons from its failure?
Jelgava is the 4th largest city in Latvia and is situated 41 km southwest of the capital of Latvia with 65,419 inhabitants (data of 2009). During its history, Jelgava has suffered from multiple wars and conquerors, as a result it had shaped its cityscape dramatically. Jelgava suffered considerably after the outbreak of World War I . During World War II, the city's historical center, industry, rail network, and public buildings were heavily damaged by the fighting, with almost 90% of the city destroyed. Besides, city was destroyed not only physically, but also mentally. City lost its initial cultural landscape, houses, parks, even the old city of Jelgava. During Soviet period, city developed as an industrial center in Latvia. Plenty of industrial buildings were build, and this urban planning action moved city away form its historical roots more and more. Now Jelgava have a specific modern cultural landscape – its’ like a mosaics – next to the historical heritage and architectural monuments are situated shopping malls and block- houses, that have been built during the Soviet period. Historical plans are the only witness, who can tell us about city’s previous shape and individuality. Now it is time to reconstruct the history, what have been lost, and to integrate it in existing city planning. City desires its primary identity, what was lost for a long time period. This Case study will tell the Reader about Jelgava example – how Jelgava is recovering its own historical and cultural landscape.''

=== Author's perspective ===
*''What theoretical or professional perspective do you bring to the case study? Please make a short note on your personal background
Cultural landscape of the Jelgava is quite fresh and has been developed recently. In contradistinctions to cities of the World Heritage list, that needs sensitive approach to planning and carefully developed preservation plan, Jelgava city is in demand for artificial creation of this historical environment. It needs a longeval historical witness and our responsibility is to create such a historical breath. We need to reanimate initial cultural landscape of the Jelgava city. We need to make it artificially. ''

=== Cultural landscape context ===
*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall landscape character, history and dynamics''

Illustration:
Map; sketches; short descriptive analyses

=== Socio-political context===
*''Brief explanation of political economy, legal framework
The Livonian settlement Jelgava began developing between the rivers Lielupe and Driksa during the 10th century. Led by the Grand Master Konrad von Mander, the crusading Livonian Order constructed the castle in Mitau on a natural island fortification (Pilssala) in 1265-1266. Using Mitau as a southern fortress, the German knights subdued the surrounding Livonians and Semigallians by 1290. The town rose in importance as a defensive fixture against the Lithuanians to the south, who succeeded in plundering Jelgava in 1345.
As a result of the fall of the Livonian Order in the Livonian War, Mitau became a town of the Duchy of Courland in 1561. Jelgava received city rights in 1573, and became the capital of the united duchies of Courland and Semigallia in 1578. When the Duchy of Courland split in 1596, Jelgava became the residence of Duke Friedrich Kettler of Semigallia. The city again became the capital of the united duchies in 1617. Because the duchy became a vassal of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Jelgava was also referred to by the Polish name Mitawa. The Commonwealth's repeated wars with Sweden subjected Jelgava to several sieges. Despite the wars, the city grew as a center for trade and industry. As Courland's neighbors increased in strength, however, the duchy and Jelgava began to fall under Russia's sphere of influence; Carl Christian Joseph of Saxony, Duke of Courland had to abdicate under Russian siege in 1763. The duchess from 1711-1730 was Anna Ivanovna, later Empress Anna I of Russia.
The penultimate duke of Courland, Ernst Johann von Biron, expanded the cultural aspects of Jelgava. He constructed the ducal palace and opened the first public library in the city. In 1775 the last Duke of Courland, Peter, founded the Academia Petrina university, which became a spiritual center for the country. The duke also encouraged theatrical performances at his court.

[[Image:Jelgava aerial view.jpg]]

Jelgava Aerial View. Academia Petrina, St. Simeon and Anna Orthodox Church, Catholic Church as a architectural monuments next to the witnesses of Soviet period - block- houses.

With the outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789, the citizens of Jelgava clamored for more rights. However, Imperial Russia annexed the city with Courland in 1795 during the Partitions of Poland. As the seat of the Count of Provence, the palace of Jelgava was the residence (1798–1801 and 1804–1807) of Louis XVIII before he became the French king. Although the city was occupied by Prussian troops during the Napoleonic Wars, it was largely spared destruction.
Jelgava further expanded after the construction of its railway in 1868. The development of its infrastructure encouraged rural Latvians to migrate to the city, as merchants, craftsmen, teachers, and officials. By 1914 Jelgava had over 45,000 inhabitants. However, Jelgava suffered considerably after the outbreak of World War I. The spirited defence of Jeglava by two battaliosn of the Latvian Home Guard in 1915, helped inspire the formation of the Latvian Rifles. German troops occupied the city during the war, and after the war in 1919 Jelgava became a battleground between Bolshevik Red Guards, German paramilitaries, and Latvian freedom fighters. After the latter's victory, Jelgava became an important city in independent Latvia.
As a result of the Nazi-Soviet Pact, Jelgava was occupied and annexed with the rest of Latvia by the Soviet Union during World War II in 1940. Much of the city's remaining German population travelled westward during the Nazi-Soviet population transfers. German forces from Army Group North occupied Jelgava from 1941-1944 until the capture of the city by the Red Army. The city's historical center, industry, rail network, and public buildings were heavily damaged by the fighting, with almost 90% of the city destroyed.
Jelgava was rebuilt after World War II as part of the Latvian SSR, and following Latvian independence, Jelgava is now a popular tourist site.
''

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Spatial analysis of area/project ===
*''What are the main structural features?''
*''How has it been shaped? Were there any critical decisions?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

=== Analysis of idea/program/function ("Planning Objective")===
* ''What are the main functional characteristics?''
* ''How have they been expressed or incorporated?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

=== Analysis of design/planning process ("Process Biography") ===
* ''How was the area/project formulated and implemented?''
* ''Who initiated the project and why?''
* ''Which stakeholders have been involved?''
* ''Who made the major decisions and when?''
* ''Were there any important consultations/collaborations?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Analysis of use/users ===
* ''How is the area/project used and by whom?''
* ''Is the use changing? Are there any issues?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

=== Future development directions ===
* ''How is the area/project evolving?''
* ''Are there any future goals?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Peer reviews or critique ===
* ''Has the area/project been reviewed by academic or professional reviewers?''
* ''What were their main evaluations? ''

Please add references, quotes...

=== Successes and limitations ===
*''What do you see as the main successes and limitations of the area/project?''

Illustration: Summary table

=== What can be generalized from this case study? ===
*''Are there any important theoretical insights? ''

Short statement plus background notes

=== What research questions does it generate? ===

Short statement plus background notes

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Image Gallery ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
</gallery>

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== References ===

* Author Year: Title, publisher, edition, page, ...
* etc.

* Website Year: Link, keyword, ...
* etc.

----

[[Category:Case Study]]
[[Category:Latvia]]
[[Category:Jelgava]]

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

Restorating the history - Transformation of the city of Jelgava, Latvia

2010-06-07T20:12:42Z

Ieva Kiesnere: /* Socio-political context */

'''[http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Student_Case_Studies_Seminar_Cultural_Landscapes_2010 Back to Student Case Studies]'''

{| align="right" width="400pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"

|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"|''Jelgava transformation project''
|-
| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Jelgava''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Latvia''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ieva Kiesnere''
|-
| '''Project start''' || style="background:Lavender"|''enter the date of the project start''
|-
| '''Completion''' || style="background:Lavender"|''enter the date of completion''
|-
| '''World Heritage''' || style="background:Lavender"|''enter the year of listing''
|-
| '''Client''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Jelgava Municipality''
|-
| '''Project costs''' || style="background:Lavender"|''enter the costs (if known)''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|

[[Image:1702_plan_of_Jelgava_1.jpg|400px]]

<googlemap version="0.9" lat="56.646412" lon="23.715706" zoom="13" width="400" height="300" controls="small"></googlemap>

|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
|}

=== Rationale: Why is the case study interesting? ===
*''Please summarise:- e.g. Design Innovation? Planning Exemplar? Theoretical Insights? Lessons from its failure?
Jelgava is the 4th largest city in Latvia and is situated 41 km southwest of the capital of Latvia with 65,419 inhabitants (data of 2009). During its history, Jelgava has suffered from multiple wars and conquerors, as a result it had shaped its cityscape dramatically. Jelgava suffered considerably after the outbreak of World War I . During World War II, the city's historical center, industry, rail network, and public buildings were heavily damaged by the fighting, with almost 90% of the city destroyed. Besides, city was destroyed not only physically, but also mentally. City lost its initial cultural landscape, houses, parks, even the old city of Jelgava. During Soviet period, city developed as an industrial center in Latvia. Plenty of industrial buildings were build, and this urban planning action moved city away form its historical roots more and more. Now Jelgava have a specific modern cultural landscape – its’ like a mosaics – next to the historical heritage and architectural monuments are situated shopping malls and block- houses, that have been built during the Soviet period. Historical plans are the only witness, who can tell us about city’s previous shape and individuality. Now it is time to reconstruct the history, what have been lost, and to integrate it in existing city planning. City desires its primary identity, what was lost for a long time period. This Case study will tell the Reader about Jelgava example – how Jelgava is recovering its own historical and cultural landscape.''

=== Author's perspective ===
*''What theoretical or professional perspective do you bring to the case study? Please make a short note on your personal background
Cultural landscape of the Jelgava is quite fresh and has been developed recently. In contradistinctions to cities of the World Heritage list, that needs sensitive approach to planning and carefully developed preservation plan, Jelgava city is in demand for artificial creation of this historical environment. It needs a longeval historical witness and our responsibility is to create such a historical breath. We need to reanimate initial cultural landscape of the Jelgava city. We need to make it artificially. ''

=== Cultural landscape context ===
*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall landscape character, history and dynamics''

Illustration:
Map; sketches; short descriptive analyses

=== Socio-political context===
*''Brief explanation of political economy, legal framework
The Livonian settlement Jelgava began developing between the rivers Lielupe and Driksa during the 10th century. Led by the Grand Master Konrad von Mander, the crusading Livonian Order constructed the castle in Mitau on a natural island fortification (Pilssala) in 1265-1266. Using Mitau as a southern fortress, the German knights subdued the surrounding Livonians and Semigallians by 1290. The town rose in importance as a defensive fixture against the Lithuanians to the south, who succeeded in plundering Jelgava in 1345.
As a result of the fall of the Livonian Order in the Livonian War, Mitau became a town of the Duchy of Courland in 1561. Jelgava received city rights in 1573, and became the capital of the united duchies of Courland and Semigallia in 1578. When the Duchy of Courland split in 1596, Jelgava became the residence of Duke Friedrich Kettler of Semigallia. The city again became the capital of the united duchies in 1617. Because the duchy became a vassal of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Jelgava was also referred to by the Polish name Mitawa. The Commonwealth's repeated wars with Sweden subjected Jelgava to several sieges. Despite the wars, the city grew as a center for trade and industry. As Courland's neighbors increased in strength, however, the duchy and Jelgava began to fall under Russia's sphere of influence; Carl Christian Joseph of Saxony, Duke of Courland had to abdicate under Russian siege in 1763. The duchess from 1711-1730 was Anna Ivanovna, later Empress Anna I of Russia.
The penultimate duke of Courland, Ernst Johann von Biron, expanded the cultural aspects of Jelgava. He constructed the ducal palace and opened the first public library in the city. In 1775 the last Duke of Courland, Peter, founded the Academia Petrina university, which became a spiritual center for the country. The duke also encouraged theatrical performances at his court.

[[Image:Jelgava aerial view.jpg]]

Jelgava Aerial View. Academia Petrina, St. Simeon and Anna Orthodox Church, Catholic Church as a architectural monuments next to the witnesses of Soviet period - block- houses.

With the outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789, the citizens of Jelgava clamored for more rights. However, Imperial Russia annexed the city with Courland in 1795 during the Partitions of Poland. As the seat of the Count of Provence, the palace of Jelgava was the residence (1798–1801 and 1804–1807) of Louis XVIII before he became the French king. Although the city was occupied by Prussian troops during the Napoleonic Wars, it was largely spared destruction.
Jelgava further expanded after the construction of its railway in 1868. The development of its infrastructure encouraged rural Latvians to migrate to the city, as merchants, craftsmen, teachers, and officials. By 1914 Jelgava had over 45,000 inhabitants. However, Jelgava suffered considerably after the outbreak of World War I. The spirited defence of Jeglava by two battaliosn of the Latvian Home Guard in 1915, helped inspire the formation of the Latvian Rifles. German troops occupied the city during the war, and after the war in 1919 Jelgava became a battleground between Bolshevik Red Guards, German paramilitaries, and Latvian freedom fighters. After the latter's victory, Jelgava became an important city in independent Latvia.
As a result of the Nazi-Soviet Pact, Jelgava was occupied and annexed with the rest of Latvia by the Soviet Union during World War II in 1940. Much of the city's remaining German population travelled westward during the Nazi-Soviet population transfers. German forces from Army Group North occupied Jelgava from 1941-1944 until the capture of the city by the Red Army. The city's historical center, industry, rail network, and public buildings were heavily damaged by the fighting, with almost 90% of the city destroyed.
Jelgava was rebuilt after World War II as part of the Latvian SSR, and following Latvian independence, Jelgava is now a popular tourist site.
''

Illustration:
Bullet points, image, background notes

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Spatial analysis of area/project ===
*''What are the main structural features?''
*''How has it been shaped? Were there any critical decisions?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

=== Analysis of idea/program/function ("Planning Objective")===
* ''What are the main functional characteristics?''
* ''How have they been expressed or incorporated?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

=== Analysis of design/planning process ("Process Biography") ===
* ''How was the area/project formulated and implemented?''
* ''Who initiated the project and why?''
* ''Which stakeholders have been involved?''
* ''Who made the major decisions and when?''
* ''Were there any important consultations/collaborations?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Analysis of use/users ===
* ''How is the area/project used and by whom?''
* ''Is the use changing? Are there any issues?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

=== Future development directions ===
* ''How is the area/project evolving?''
* ''Are there any future goals?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Peer reviews or critique ===
* ''Has the area/project been reviewed by academic or professional reviewers?''
* ''What were their main evaluations? ''

Please add references, quotes...

=== Successes and limitations ===
*''What do you see as the main successes and limitations of the area/project?''

Illustration: Summary table

=== What can be generalized from this case study? ===
*''Are there any important theoretical insights? ''

Short statement plus background notes

=== What research questions does it generate? ===

Short statement plus background notes

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Image Gallery ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
</gallery>

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== References ===

* Author Year: Title, publisher, edition, page, ...
* etc.

* Website Year: Link, keyword, ...
* etc.

----

[[Category:Case Study]]
[[Category:Latvia]]
[[Category:Jelgava]]

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

Restorating the history - Transformation of the city of Jelgava, Latvia

2010-06-07T20:03:40Z

Ieva Kiesnere: /* Socio-political context */

'''[http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Student_Case_Studies_Seminar_Cultural_Landscapes_2010 Back to Student Case Studies]'''

{| align="right" width="400pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"

|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"|''Jelgava transformation project''
|-
| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Jelgava''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Latvia''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ieva Kiesnere''
|-
| '''Project start''' || style="background:Lavender"|''enter the date of the project start''
|-
| '''Completion''' || style="background:Lavender"|''enter the date of completion''
|-
| '''World Heritage''' || style="background:Lavender"|''enter the year of listing''
|-
| '''Client''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Jelgava Municipality''
|-
| '''Project costs''' || style="background:Lavender"|''enter the costs (if known)''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|

[[Image:1702_plan_of_Jelgava_1.jpg|400px]]

<googlemap version="0.9" lat="56.646412" lon="23.715706" zoom="13" width="400" height="300" controls="small"></googlemap>

|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
|}

=== Rationale: Why is the case study interesting? ===
*''Please summarise:- e.g. Design Innovation? Planning Exemplar? Theoretical Insights? Lessons from its failure?
Jelgava is the 4th largest city in Latvia and is situated 41 km southwest of the capital of Latvia with 65,419 inhabitants (data of 2009). During its history, Jelgava has suffered from multiple wars and conquerors, as a result it had shaped its cityscape dramatically. Jelgava suffered considerably after the outbreak of World War I . During World War II, the city's historical center, industry, rail network, and public buildings were heavily damaged by the fighting, with almost 90% of the city destroyed. Besides, city was destroyed not only physically, but also mentally. City lost its initial cultural landscape, houses, parks, even the old city of Jelgava. During Soviet period, city developed as an industrial center in Latvia. Plenty of industrial buildings were build, and this urban planning action moved city away form its historical roots more and more. Now Jelgava have a specific modern cultural landscape – its’ like a mosaics – next to the historical heritage and architectural monuments are situated shopping malls and block- houses, that have been built during the Soviet period. Historical plans are the only witness, who can tell us about city’s previous shape and individuality. Now it is time to reconstruct the history, what have been lost, and to integrate it in existing city planning. City desires its primary identity, what was lost for a long time period. This Case study will tell the Reader about Jelgava example – how Jelgava is recovering its own historical and cultural landscape.''

=== Author's perspective ===
*''What theoretical or professional perspective do you bring to the case study? Please make a short note on your personal background
Cultural landscape of the Jelgava is quite fresh and has been developed recently. In contradistinctions to cities of the World Heritage list, that needs sensitive approach to planning and carefully developed preservation plan, Jelgava city is in demand for artificial creation of this historical environment. It needs a longeval historical witness and our responsibility is to create such a historical breath. We need to reanimate initial cultural landscape of the Jelgava city. We need to make it artificially. ''

=== Cultural landscape context ===
*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall landscape character, history and dynamics''

Illustration:
Map; sketches; short descriptive analyses

=== Socio-political context===
*''Brief explanation of political economy, legal framework
The Livonian settlement Jelgava began developing between the rivers Lielupe and Driksa during the 10th century. Led by the Grand Master Konrad von Mander, the crusading Livonian Order constructed the castle in Mitau on a natural island fortification (Pilssala) in 1265-1266. Using Mitau as a southern fortress, the German knights subdued the surrounding Livonians and Semigallians by 1290. The town rose in importance as a defensive fixture against the Lithuanians to the south, who succeeded in plundering Jelgava in 1345.
As a result of the fall of the Livonian Order in the Livonian War, Mitau became a town of the Duchy of Courland in 1561. Jelgava received city rights in 1573, and became the capital of the united duchies of Courland and Semigallia in 1578. When the Duchy of Courland split in 1596, Jelgava became the residence of Duke Friedrich Kettler of Semigallia. The city again became the capital of the united duchies in 1617. Because the duchy became a vassal of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Jelgava was also referred to by the Polish name Mitawa. The Commonwealth's repeated wars with Sweden subjected Jelgava to several sieges. Despite the wars, the city grew as a center for trade and industry. As Courland's neighbors increased in strength, however, the duchy and Jelgava began to fall under Russia's sphere of influence; Carl Christian Joseph of Saxony, Duke of Courland had to abdicate under Russian siege in 1763. The duchess from 1711-1730 was Anna Ivanovna, later Empress Anna I of Russia.
The penultimate duke of Courland, Ernst Johann von Biron, expanded the cultural aspects of Jelgava. He constructed the ducal palace and opened the first public library in the city. In 1775 the last Duke of Courland, Peter, founded the Academia Petrina university, which became a spiritual center for the country. The duke also encouraged theatrical performances at his court.

[[Image:Jelgava aerial view.jpg]]

Jelgava Aerial View. Academia Petrina

With the outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789, the citizens of Jelgava clamored for more rights. However, Imperial Russia annexed the city with Courland in 1795 during the Partitions of Poland. As the seat of the Count of Provence, the palace of Jelgava was the residence (1798–1801 and 1804–1807) of Louis XVIII before he became the French king. Although the city was occupied by Prussian troops during the Napoleonic Wars, it was largely spared destruction.
Jelgava further expanded after the construction of its railway in 1868. The development of its infrastructure encouraged rural Latvians to migrate to the city, as merchants, craftsmen, teachers, and officials. By 1914 Jelgava had over 45,000 inhabitants. However, Jelgava suffered considerably after the outbreak of World War I. The spirited defence of Jeglava by two battaliosn of the Latvian Home Guard in 1915, helped inspire the formation of the Latvian Rifles. German troops occupied the city during the war, and after the war in 1919 Jelgava became a battleground between Bolshevik Red Guards, German paramilitaries, and Latvian freedom fighters. After the latter's victory, Jelgava became an important city in independent Latvia.
As a result of the Nazi-Soviet Pact, Jelgava was occupied and annexed with the rest of Latvia by the Soviet Union during World War II in 1940. Much of the city's remaining German population travelled westward during the Nazi-Soviet population transfers. German forces from Army Group North occupied Jelgava from 1941-1944 until the capture of the city by the Red Army. The city's historical center, industry, rail network, and public buildings were heavily damaged by the fighting, with almost 90% of the city destroyed.
Jelgava was rebuilt after World War II as part of the Latvian SSR, and following Latvian independence, Jelgava is now a popular tourist site.
''

Illustration:
Bullet points, image, background notes

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Spatial analysis of area/project ===
*''What are the main structural features?''
*''How has it been shaped? Were there any critical decisions?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

=== Analysis of idea/program/function ("Planning Objective")===
* ''What are the main functional characteristics?''
* ''How have they been expressed or incorporated?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

=== Analysis of design/planning process ("Process Biography") ===
* ''How was the area/project formulated and implemented?''
* ''Who initiated the project and why?''
* ''Which stakeholders have been involved?''
* ''Who made the major decisions and when?''
* ''Were there any important consultations/collaborations?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Analysis of use/users ===
* ''How is the area/project used and by whom?''
* ''Is the use changing? Are there any issues?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

=== Future development directions ===
* ''How is the area/project evolving?''
* ''Are there any future goals?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Peer reviews or critique ===
* ''Has the area/project been reviewed by academic or professional reviewers?''
* ''What were their main evaluations? ''

Please add references, quotes...

=== Successes and limitations ===
*''What do you see as the main successes and limitations of the area/project?''

Illustration: Summary table

=== What can be generalized from this case study? ===
*''Are there any important theoretical insights? ''

Short statement plus background notes

=== What research questions does it generate? ===

Short statement plus background notes

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Image Gallery ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
</gallery>

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== References ===

* Author Year: Title, publisher, edition, page, ...
* etc.

* Website Year: Link, keyword, ...
* etc.

----

[[Category:Case Study]]
[[Category:Latvia]]
[[Category:Jelgava]]

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

File:Jelgava aerial view.jpg

2010-06-07T20:02:42Z

Ieva Kiesnere:

Restorating the history - Transformation of the city of Jelgava, Latvia

2010-06-07T20:01:11Z

Ieva Kiesnere: /* Socio-political context */

'''[http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Student_Case_Studies_Seminar_Cultural_Landscapes_2010 Back to Student Case Studies]'''

{| align="right" width="400pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"

|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"|''Jelgava transformation project''
|-
| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Jelgava''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Latvia''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ieva Kiesnere''
|-
| '''Project start''' || style="background:Lavender"|''enter the date of the project start''
|-
| '''Completion''' || style="background:Lavender"|''enter the date of completion''
|-
| '''World Heritage''' || style="background:Lavender"|''enter the year of listing''
|-
| '''Client''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Jelgava Municipality''
|-
| '''Project costs''' || style="background:Lavender"|''enter the costs (if known)''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|

[[Image:1702_plan_of_Jelgava_1.jpg|400px]]

<googlemap version="0.9" lat="56.646412" lon="23.715706" zoom="13" width="400" height="300" controls="small"></googlemap>

|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
|}

=== Rationale: Why is the case study interesting? ===
*''Please summarise:- e.g. Design Innovation? Planning Exemplar? Theoretical Insights? Lessons from its failure?
Jelgava is the 4th largest city in Latvia and is situated 41 km southwest of the capital of Latvia with 65,419 inhabitants (data of 2009). During its history, Jelgava has suffered from multiple wars and conquerors, as a result it had shaped its cityscape dramatically. Jelgava suffered considerably after the outbreak of World War I . During World War II, the city's historical center, industry, rail network, and public buildings were heavily damaged by the fighting, with almost 90% of the city destroyed. Besides, city was destroyed not only physically, but also mentally. City lost its initial cultural landscape, houses, parks, even the old city of Jelgava. During Soviet period, city developed as an industrial center in Latvia. Plenty of industrial buildings were build, and this urban planning action moved city away form its historical roots more and more. Now Jelgava have a specific modern cultural landscape – its’ like a mosaics – next to the historical heritage and architectural monuments are situated shopping malls and block- houses, that have been built during the Soviet period. Historical plans are the only witness, who can tell us about city’s previous shape and individuality. Now it is time to reconstruct the history, what have been lost, and to integrate it in existing city planning. City desires its primary identity, what was lost for a long time period. This Case study will tell the Reader about Jelgava example – how Jelgava is recovering its own historical and cultural landscape.''

=== Author's perspective ===
*''What theoretical or professional perspective do you bring to the case study? Please make a short note on your personal background
Cultural landscape of the Jelgava is quite fresh and has been developed recently. In contradistinctions to cities of the World Heritage list, that needs sensitive approach to planning and carefully developed preservation plan, Jelgava city is in demand for artificial creation of this historical environment. It needs a longeval historical witness and our responsibility is to create such a historical breath. We need to reanimate initial cultural landscape of the Jelgava city. We need to make it artificially. ''

=== Cultural landscape context ===
*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall landscape character, history and dynamics''

Illustration:
Map; sketches; short descriptive analyses

=== Socio-political context===
*''Brief explanation of political economy, legal framework
The Livonian settlement Jelgava began developing between the rivers Lielupe and Driksa during the 10th century. Led by the Grand Master Konrad von Mander, the crusading Livonian Order constructed the castle in Mitau on a natural island fortification (Pilssala) in 1265-1266. Using Mitau as a southern fortress, the German knights subdued the surrounding Livonians and Semigallians by 1290. The town rose in importance as a defensive fixture against the Lithuanians to the south, who succeeded in plundering Jelgava in 1345.
As a result of the fall of the Livonian Order in the Livonian War, Mitau became a town of the Duchy of Courland in 1561. Jelgava received city rights in 1573, and became the capital of the united duchies of Courland and Semigallia in 1578. When the Duchy of Courland split in 1596, Jelgava became the residence of Duke Friedrich Kettler of Semigallia. The city again became the capital of the united duchies in 1617. Because the duchy became a vassal of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Jelgava was also referred to by the Polish name Mitawa. The Commonwealth's repeated wars with Sweden subjected Jelgava to several sieges. Despite the wars, the city grew as a center for trade and industry. As Courland's neighbors increased in strength, however, the duchy and Jelgava began to fall under Russia's sphere of influence; Carl Christian Joseph of Saxony, Duke of Courland had to abdicate under Russian siege in 1763. The duchess from 1711-1730 was Anna Ivanovna, later Empress Anna I of Russia.
The penultimate duke of Courland, Ernst Johann von Biron, expanded the cultural aspects of Jelgava. He constructed the ducal palace and opened the first public library in the city. In 1775 the last Duke of Courland, Peter, founded the Academia Petrina university, which became a spiritual center for the country. The duke also encouraged theatrical performances at his court.
[[Image:Jelgava aerial view.jpg]]

Jelgava Aerial View. Academia Petrina

Academia Petrina.
With the outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789, the citizens of Jelgava clamored for more rights. However, Imperial Russia annexed the city with Courland in 1795 during the Partitions of Poland. As the seat of the Count of Provence, the palace of Jelgava was the residence (1798–1801 and 1804–1807) of Louis XVIII before he became the French king. Although the city was occupied by Prussian troops during the Napoleonic Wars, it was largely spared destruction.
Jelgava further expanded after the construction of its railway in 1868. The development of its infrastructure encouraged rural Latvians to migrate to the city, as merchants, craftsmen, teachers, and officials. By 1914 Jelgava had over 45,000 inhabitants. However, Jelgava suffered considerably after the outbreak of World War I. The spirited defence of Jeglava by two battaliosn of the Latvian Home Guard in 1915, helped inspire the formation of the Latvian Rifles. German troops occupied the city during the war, and after the war in 1919 Jelgava became a battleground between Bolshevik Red Guards, German paramilitaries, and Latvian freedom fighters. After the latter's victory, Jelgava became an important city in independent Latvia.
As a result of the Nazi-Soviet Pact, Jelgava was occupied and annexed with the rest of Latvia by the Soviet Union during World War II in 1940. Much of the city's remaining German population travelled westward during the Nazi-Soviet population transfers. German forces from Army Group North occupied Jelgava from 1941-1944 until the capture of the city by the Red Army. The city's historical center, industry, rail network, and public buildings were heavily damaged by the fighting, with almost 90% of the city destroyed.
Jelgava was rebuilt after World War II as part of the Latvian SSR, and following Latvian independence, Jelgava is now a popular tourist site.
''

Illustration:
Bullet points, image, background notes

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Spatial analysis of area/project ===
*''What are the main structural features?''
*''How has it been shaped? Were there any critical decisions?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

=== Analysis of idea/program/function ("Planning Objective")===
* ''What are the main functional characteristics?''
* ''How have they been expressed or incorporated?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

=== Analysis of design/planning process ("Process Biography") ===
* ''How was the area/project formulated and implemented?''
* ''Who initiated the project and why?''
* ''Which stakeholders have been involved?''
* ''Who made the major decisions and when?''
* ''Were there any important consultations/collaborations?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Analysis of use/users ===
* ''How is the area/project used and by whom?''
* ''Is the use changing? Are there any issues?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

=== Future development directions ===
* ''How is the area/project evolving?''
* ''Are there any future goals?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Peer reviews or critique ===
* ''Has the area/project been reviewed by academic or professional reviewers?''
* ''What were their main evaluations? ''

Please add references, quotes...

=== Successes and limitations ===
*''What do you see as the main successes and limitations of the area/project?''

Illustration: Summary table

=== What can be generalized from this case study? ===
*''Are there any important theoretical insights? ''

Short statement plus background notes

=== What research questions does it generate? ===

Short statement plus background notes

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Image Gallery ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
</gallery>

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== References ===

* Author Year: Title, publisher, edition, page, ...
* etc.

* Website Year: Link, keyword, ...
* etc.

----

[[Category:Case Study]]
[[Category:Latvia]]
[[Category:Jelgava]]

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

Restorating the history - Transformation of the city of Jelgava, Latvia

2010-06-07T20:00:19Z

Ieva Kiesnere: /* Socio-political context */

'''[http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Student_Case_Studies_Seminar_Cultural_Landscapes_2010 Back to Student Case Studies]'''

{| align="right" width="400pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"

|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"|''Jelgava transformation project''
|-
| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Jelgava''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Latvia''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ieva Kiesnere''
|-
| '''Project start''' || style="background:Lavender"|''enter the date of the project start''
|-
| '''Completion''' || style="background:Lavender"|''enter the date of completion''
|-
| '''World Heritage''' || style="background:Lavender"|''enter the year of listing''
|-
| '''Client''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Jelgava Municipality''
|-
| '''Project costs''' || style="background:Lavender"|''enter the costs (if known)''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|

[[Image:1702_plan_of_Jelgava_1.jpg|400px]]

<googlemap version="0.9" lat="56.646412" lon="23.715706" zoom="13" width="400" height="300" controls="small"></googlemap>

|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
|}

=== Rationale: Why is the case study interesting? ===
*''Please summarise:- e.g. Design Innovation? Planning Exemplar? Theoretical Insights? Lessons from its failure?
Jelgava is the 4th largest city in Latvia and is situated 41 km southwest of the capital of Latvia with 65,419 inhabitants (data of 2009). During its history, Jelgava has suffered from multiple wars and conquerors, as a result it had shaped its cityscape dramatically. Jelgava suffered considerably after the outbreak of World War I . During World War II, the city's historical center, industry, rail network, and public buildings were heavily damaged by the fighting, with almost 90% of the city destroyed. Besides, city was destroyed not only physically, but also mentally. City lost its initial cultural landscape, houses, parks, even the old city of Jelgava. During Soviet period, city developed as an industrial center in Latvia. Plenty of industrial buildings were build, and this urban planning action moved city away form its historical roots more and more. Now Jelgava have a specific modern cultural landscape – its’ like a mosaics – next to the historical heritage and architectural monuments are situated shopping malls and block- houses, that have been built during the Soviet period. Historical plans are the only witness, who can tell us about city’s previous shape and individuality. Now it is time to reconstruct the history, what have been lost, and to integrate it in existing city planning. City desires its primary identity, what was lost for a long time period. This Case study will tell the Reader about Jelgava example – how Jelgava is recovering its own historical and cultural landscape.''

=== Author's perspective ===
*''What theoretical or professional perspective do you bring to the case study? Please make a short note on your personal background
Cultural landscape of the Jelgava is quite fresh and has been developed recently. In contradistinctions to cities of the World Heritage list, that needs sensitive approach to planning and carefully developed preservation plan, Jelgava city is in demand for artificial creation of this historical environment. It needs a longeval historical witness and our responsibility is to create such a historical breath. We need to reanimate initial cultural landscape of the Jelgava city. We need to make it artificially. ''

=== Cultural landscape context ===
*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall landscape character, history and dynamics''

Illustration:
Map; sketches; short descriptive analyses

=== Socio-political context===
*''Brief explanation of political economy, legal framework
The Livonian settlement Jelgava began developing between the rivers Lielupe and Driksa during the 10th century. Led by the Grand Master Konrad von Mander, the crusading Livonian Order constructed the castle in Mitau on a natural island fortification (Pilssala) in 1265-1266. Using Mitau as a southern fortress, the German knights subdued the surrounding Livonians and Semigallians by 1290. The town rose in importance as a defensive fixture against the Lithuanians to the south, who succeeded in plundering Jelgava in 1345.
As a result of the fall of the Livonian Order in the Livonian War, Mitau became a town of the Duchy of Courland in 1561. Jelgava received city rights in 1573, and became the capital of the united duchies of Courland and Semigallia in 1578. When the Duchy of Courland split in 1596, Jelgava became the residence of Duke Friedrich Kettler of Semigallia. The city again became the capital of the united duchies in 1617. Because the duchy became a vassal of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Jelgava was also referred to by the Polish name Mitawa. The Commonwealth's repeated wars with Sweden subjected Jelgava to several sieges. Despite the wars, the city grew as a center for trade and industry. As Courland's neighbors increased in strength, however, the duchy and Jelgava began to fall under Russia's sphere of influence; Carl Christian Joseph of Saxony, Duke of Courland had to abdicate under Russian siege in 1763. The duchess from 1711-1730 was Anna Ivanovna, later Empress Anna I of Russia.
The penultimate duke of Courland, Ernst Johann von Biron, expanded the cultural aspects of Jelgava. He constructed the ducal palace and opened the first public library in the city. In 1775 the last Duke of Courland, Peter, founded the Academia Petrina university, which became a spiritual center for the country. The duke also encouraged theatrical performances at his court.

File:Jelgava aerial view.jpg

Jelgava Aerial View. Academia Petrina

Academia Petrina.
With the outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789, the citizens of Jelgava clamored for more rights. However, Imperial Russia annexed the city with Courland in 1795 during the Partitions of Poland. As the seat of the Count of Provence, the palace of Jelgava was the residence (1798–1801 and 1804–1807) of Louis XVIII before he became the French king. Although the city was occupied by Prussian troops during the Napoleonic Wars, it was largely spared destruction.
Jelgava further expanded after the construction of its railway in 1868. The development of its infrastructure encouraged rural Latvians to migrate to the city, as merchants, craftsmen, teachers, and officials. By 1914 Jelgava had over 45,000 inhabitants. However, Jelgava suffered considerably after the outbreak of World War I. The spirited defence of Jeglava by two battaliosn of the Latvian Home Guard in 1915, helped inspire the formation of the Latvian Rifles. German troops occupied the city during the war, and after the war in 1919 Jelgava became a battleground between Bolshevik Red Guards, German paramilitaries, and Latvian freedom fighters. After the latter's victory, Jelgava became an important city in independent Latvia.
As a result of the Nazi-Soviet Pact, Jelgava was occupied and annexed with the rest of Latvia by the Soviet Union during World War II in 1940. Much of the city's remaining German population travelled westward during the Nazi-Soviet population transfers. German forces from Army Group North occupied Jelgava from 1941-1944 until the capture of the city by the Red Army. The city's historical center, industry, rail network, and public buildings were heavily damaged by the fighting, with almost 90% of the city destroyed.
Jelgava was rebuilt after World War II as part of the Latvian SSR, and following Latvian independence, Jelgava is now a popular tourist site.
''

Illustration:
Bullet points, image, background notes

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Spatial analysis of area/project ===
*''What are the main structural features?''
*''How has it been shaped? Were there any critical decisions?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

=== Analysis of idea/program/function ("Planning Objective")===
* ''What are the main functional characteristics?''
* ''How have they been expressed or incorporated?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

=== Analysis of design/planning process ("Process Biography") ===
* ''How was the area/project formulated and implemented?''
* ''Who initiated the project and why?''
* ''Which stakeholders have been involved?''
* ''Who made the major decisions and when?''
* ''Were there any important consultations/collaborations?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Analysis of use/users ===
* ''How is the area/project used and by whom?''
* ''Is the use changing? Are there any issues?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

=== Future development directions ===
* ''How is the area/project evolving?''
* ''Are there any future goals?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Peer reviews or critique ===
* ''Has the area/project been reviewed by academic or professional reviewers?''
* ''What were their main evaluations? ''

Please add references, quotes...

=== Successes and limitations ===
*''What do you see as the main successes and limitations of the area/project?''

Illustration: Summary table

=== What can be generalized from this case study? ===
*''Are there any important theoretical insights? ''

Short statement plus background notes

=== What research questions does it generate? ===

Short statement plus background notes

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Image Gallery ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
</gallery>

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== References ===

* Author Year: Title, publisher, edition, page, ...
* etc.

* Website Year: Link, keyword, ...
* etc.

----

[[Category:Case Study]]
[[Category:Latvia]]
[[Category:Jelgava]]

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

Restorating the history - Transformation of the city of Jelgava, Latvia

2010-06-07T19:57:51Z

Ieva Kiesnere: /* Socio-political context */

'''[http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Student_Case_Studies_Seminar_Cultural_Landscapes_2010 Back to Student Case Studies]'''

{| align="right" width="400pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"

|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"|''Jelgava transformation project''
|-
| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Jelgava''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Latvia''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Ieva Kiesnere''
|-
| '''Project start''' || style="background:Lavender"|''enter the date of the project start''
|-
| '''Completion''' || style="background:Lavender"|''enter the date of completion''
|-
| '''World Heritage''' || style="background:Lavender"|''enter the year of listing''
|-
| '''Client''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Jelgava Municipality''
|-
| '''Project costs''' || style="background:Lavender"|''enter the costs (if known)''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|

[[Image:1702_plan_of_Jelgava_1.jpg|400px]]

<googlemap version="0.9" lat="56.646412" lon="23.715706" zoom="13" width="400" height="300" controls="small"></googlemap>

|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
|}

=== Rationale: Why is the case study interesting? ===
*''Please summarise:- e.g. Design Innovation? Planning Exemplar? Theoretical Insights? Lessons from its failure?
Jelgava is the 4th largest city in Latvia and is situated 41 km southwest of the capital of Latvia with 65,419 inhabitants (data of 2009). During its history, Jelgava has suffered from multiple wars and conquerors, as a result it had shaped its cityscape dramatically. Jelgava suffered considerably after the outbreak of World War I . During World War II, the city's historical center, industry, rail network, and public buildings were heavily damaged by the fighting, with almost 90% of the city destroyed. Besides, city was destroyed not only physically, but also mentally. City lost its initial cultural landscape, houses, parks, even the old city of Jelgava. During Soviet period, city developed as an industrial center in Latvia. Plenty of industrial buildings were build, and this urban planning action moved city away form its historical roots more and more. Now Jelgava have a specific modern cultural landscape – its’ like a mosaics – next to the historical heritage and architectural monuments are situated shopping malls and block- houses, that have been built during the Soviet period. Historical plans are the only witness, who can tell us about city’s previous shape and individuality. Now it is time to reconstruct the history, what have been lost, and to integrate it in existing city planning. City desires its primary identity, what was lost for a long time period. This Case study will tell the Reader about Jelgava example – how Jelgava is recovering its own historical and cultural landscape.''

=== Author's perspective ===
*''What theoretical or professional perspective do you bring to the case study? Please make a short note on your personal background
Cultural landscape of the Jelgava is quite fresh and has been developed recently. In contradistinctions to cities of the World Heritage list, that needs sensitive approach to planning and carefully developed preservation plan, Jelgava city is in demand for artificial creation of this historical environment. It needs a longeval historical witness and our responsibility is to create such a historical breath. We need to reanimate initial cultural landscape of the Jelgava city. We need to make it artificially. ''

=== Cultural landscape context ===
*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall landscape character, history and dynamics''

Illustration:
Map; sketches; short descriptive analyses

=== Socio-political context===
*''Brief explanation of political economy, legal framework
The Livonian settlement Jelgava began developing between the rivers Lielupe and Driksa during the 10th century. Led by the Grand Master Konrad von Mander, the crusading Livonian Order constructed the castle in Mitau on a natural island fortification (Pilssala) in 1265-1266. Using Mitau as a southern fortress, the German knights subdued the surrounding Livonians and Semigallians by 1290. The town rose in importance as a defensive fixture against the Lithuanians to the south, who succeeded in plundering Jelgava in 1345.
As a result of the fall of the Livonian Order in the Livonian War, Mitau became a town of the Duchy of Courland in 1561. Jelgava received city rights in 1573, and became the capital of the united duchies of Courland and Semigallia in 1578. When the Duchy of Courland split in 1596, Jelgava became the residence of Duke Friedrich Kettler of Semigallia. The city again became the capital of the united duchies in 1617. Because the duchy became a vassal of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Jelgava was also referred to by the Polish name Mitawa. The Commonwealth's repeated wars with Sweden subjected Jelgava to several sieges. Despite the wars, the city grew as a center for trade and industry. As Courland's neighbors increased in strength, however, the duchy and Jelgava began to fall under Russia's sphere of influence; Carl Christian Joseph of Saxony, Duke of Courland had to abdicate under Russian siege in 1763. The duchess from 1711-1730 was Anna Ivanovna, later Empress Anna I of Russia.
The penultimate duke of Courland, Ernst Johann von Biron, expanded the cultural aspects of Jelgava. He constructed the ducal palace and opened the first public library in the city. In 1775 the last Duke of Courland, Peter, founded the Academia Petrina university, which became a spiritual center for the country. The duke also encouraged theatrical performances at his court.

Jelgava Aerial View. Academia Petrina, St. Simeon and Anna Orthodox Church, Catholic Church.

Academia Petrina.
With the outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789, the citizens of Jelgava clamored for more rights. However, Imperial Russia annexed the city with Courland in 1795 during the Partitions of Poland. As the seat of the Count of Provence, the palace of Jelgava was the residence (1798–1801 and 1804–1807) of Louis XVIII before he became the French king. Although the city was occupied by Prussian troops during the Napoleonic Wars, it was largely spared destruction.
Jelgava further expanded after the construction of its railway in 1868. The development of its infrastructure encouraged rural Latvians to migrate to the city, as merchants, craftsmen, teachers, and officials. By 1914 Jelgava had over 45,000 inhabitants. However, Jelgava suffered considerably after the outbreak of World War I. The spirited defence of Jeglava by two battaliosn of the Latvian Home Guard in 1915, helped inspire the formation of the Latvian Rifles. German troops occupied the city during the war, and after the war in 1919 Jelgava became a battleground between Bolshevik Red Guards, German paramilitaries, and Latvian freedom fighters. After the latter's victory, Jelgava became an important city in independent Latvia.
As a result of the Nazi-Soviet Pact, Jelgava was occupied and annexed with the rest of Latvia by the Soviet Union during World War II in 1940. Much of the city's remaining German population travelled westward during the Nazi-Soviet population transfers. German forces from Army Group North occupied Jelgava from 1941-1944 until the capture of the city by the Red Army. The city's historical center, industry, rail network, and public buildings were heavily damaged by the fighting, with almost 90% of the city destroyed.
Jelgava was rebuilt after World War II as part of the Latvian SSR, and following Latvian independence, Jelgava is now a popular tourist site.
''

Illustration:
Bullet points, image, background notes

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Spatial analysis of area/project ===
*''What are the main structural features?''
*''How has it been shaped? Were there any critical decisions?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

=== Analysis of idea/program/function ("Planning Objective")===
* ''What are the main functional characteristics?''
* ''How have they been expressed or incorporated?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

=== Analysis of design/planning process ("Process Biography") ===
* ''How was the area/project formulated and implemented?''
* ''Who initiated the project and why?''
* ''Which stakeholders have been involved?''
* ''Who made the major decisions and when?''
* ''Were there any important consultations/collaborations?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Analysis of use/users ===
* ''How is the area/project used and by whom?''
* ''Is the use changing? Are there any issues?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

=== Future development directions ===
* ''How is the area/project evolving?''
* ''Are there any future goals?''

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Peer reviews or critique ===
* ''Has the area/project been reviewed by academic or professional reviewers?''
* ''What were their main evaluations? ''

Please add references, quotes...

=== Successes and limitations ===
*''What do you see as the main successes and limitations of the area/project?''

Illustration: Summary table

=== What can be generalized from this case study? ===
*''Are there any important theoretical insights? ''

Short statement plus background notes

=== What research questions does it generate? ===

Short statement plus background notes

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== Image Gallery ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
Image:yourimage.jpg | your image text and source
</gallery>

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

=== References ===

* Author Year: Title, publisher, edition, page, ...
* etc.

* Website Year: Link, keyword, ...
* etc.

----

[[Category:Case Study]]
[[Category:Latvia]]
[[Category:Jelgava]]

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

Restorating the history - Transformation of the city of Jelgava, Latvia

2010-06-07T19:55:23Z

Ieva Kiesnere: /* Author's perspective */

Restorating the history - Transformation of the city of Jelgava, Latvia

2010-06-07T19:54:57Z

Ieva Kiesnere: /* Rationale: Why is the case study interesting? */

Restorating the history - Transformation of the city of Jelgava, Latvia

2010-06-07T19:53:58Z

Ieva Kiesnere: /* Rationale: Why is the case study interesting? */

Restorating the history - Transformation of the city of Jelgava, Latvia

2010-06-01T12:28:13Z

Ieva Kiesnere:

Restorating the history - Transformation of the city of Jelgava, Latvia

2010-06-01T11:39:59Z

Ieva Kiesnere:

Restorating the history - Transformation of the city of Jelgava, Latvia

2010-06-01T11:34:46Z

Ieva Kiesnere:

Restorating the history - Transformation of the city of Jelgava, Latvia

2010-06-01T11:33:19Z

Ieva Kiesnere:

File:1702 plan of Jelgava 1.jpg

2010-06-01T11:32:38Z

Ieva Kiesnere:

Restorating the history - Transformation of the city of Jelgava, Latvia

2010-06-01T11:16:38Z

Ieva Kiesnere:

Restorating the history - Transformation of the city of Jelgava, Latvia

2010-06-01T11:15:47Z

Ieva Kiesnere:

Restorating the history - Transformation of the city of Jelgava, Latvia

2010-06-01T11:05:33Z

Ieva Kiesnere:

File:Dummy image template.jpg

2010-06-01T11:01:52Z

Ieva Kiesnere:

[[Image:1702_plan_of_jelgava.jpg]]

File:1702 plan of Jelgava.jpg

2010-06-01T10:47:28Z

Ieva Kiesnere:

Restorating the history - Transformation of the city of Jelgava, Latvia

2010-06-01T10:18:18Z

Ieva Kiesnere:

Student Case Studies Seminar Cultural Landscapes 2010

2010-05-21T18:23:47Z

Ieva Kiesnere: /* Re-colonization of abandoned lands */

'''[http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Cultural_Landscapes_2010 Back to Seminar Outline]'''

* Dear students, please follow the given structure and add '''your name''' and a short but significant '''title of your case study''' to the respective section of this list of the '''ECLAS thematic fields''' via "edit".
* If your project relates to more than one theme, please copy the title to any appropriate section.
* If you think that some '''important subthemes''' are missing, feel free to add your particular subtheme to the appropriate section of the list.
* Your case study will be linked with the '''[[Case Study Template_Cultural Landscapes 2010]]''' as a neutral starting point after May 11, 2010, and then you can start editing your '''online documentation (publishing exercise)'''

== Thematic fields according to the 2010 ECLAS conference "Cultural Landscapes" ==
[[Image:100410 cultural landscapes mind map.jpeg|thumb|1050px|Thematic map "Cultural Landscapes"|none]]

==Cultural Landscapes: Education, research methods and approaches==

=== Profession-based education ===
* Student: [[Title, Country]]

=== Multi-disciplinary education ===
* Student: [[Title, Country]]

=== Interdisciplinary education ===
* Roya Sabri: [[Rebuilding a Sustainable Image in a Cultural Landscape, Iran]]

'''[[Group synthesis Education, research methods and approaches]]'''

==Responses of cultural landscapes to changing natural processes==

=== Climate change ===
* Student: [[Title, Country]]

=== Re-colonization of abandoned lands ===
* Ieva Kiesnere: [[Trasformation of degraded territories in urban cultural landscape, Latvia]]

=== Impact of emerging need for sustainability ===

* Derya Yazgi, Damla Tas [[Göreme National Park and the Rock Sites of Cappadocia, Turkey]]

* Isin Barut: [[Transformation of the Meles Delta, Izmir, under the eco-city concept]]

* Roya Sabri: [[Rebuilding a Sustainable Image in a Cultural Landscape, Iran]]

'''[[Group synthesis Responses to changing natural Processes]]'''

==Landscapes as a reflection of changing cultural processes==

=== Globalization ===

* Jovana Kovacevic, Mirjana Jovanovic, Nada Jadzic :[[(re)Quest for the cultural landscape of Belgrade, Serbia]]

* Andreia V. Quintas: [[Historic Center of Porto: a landscape of transformation, Portugal]]

* Student: [[Title, Country]]

=== Multiculturalism ===
* Student: [[Title, Country]]

=== Merging awareness to sustainability ===
* ChengkangYe, YitingWei: [[Transformation of the historical town of WuZhen, China]]

* Isin Barut: [[Transformation of the Meles Delta, Izmir, under the eco-city concept]]

* Derya Yazgi, Damla Tas [[Göreme National Park and the Rock Sites of Cappadocia, Turkey]]

* Student: [[Title, Country]]

'''[[Group synthesis Reflection of changing cultural processes]]'''

==Technology as a driver of cultural landscape change==

=== International styles ===
* Student: [[Title, Country]]

=== Increased visual images through the internet ===
* Student: [[Title, Country]]

=== Advanced technology enabling new construction methods and techniques ===
* Student: [[Title, Country]]

=== Use of new materials or recycled materials ===
* Student: [[Title, Country]]

'''[[Group synthesis Technology as a change driver]]'''

'''[http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Cultural_Landscapes_2010 Back to Seminar Outline]'''

Literature and Resources Cultural Landscapes 2010

2010-05-10T20:29:34Z

Ieva Kiesnere: /* Responses of cultural landscapes to changing natural processes */

'''[http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Cultural_Landscapes_2010 Back to Seminar Outline]'''

== Thematic fields according to the 2010 ECLAS conference "Cultural Landscapes" ==
[[Image:100410 cultural landscapes mind map.jpeg|thumb|1050px|Thematic map "Cultural Landscapes"|none]]

=== Cultural Landscapes: Education, research methods and approaches ===
''such as profession based education, multi-disciplinary education, interdisciplinary education etc.''

*'''Latz, Peter: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_33_2000/02_time_visible.pdf The idea of making time visible] Topos 33/2000'''''
** Roya Sabri: [[The idea of making time visible - concept map]]

*'''Author: ''[moodle link Title] Topos issue'''''
** Student name: [[Title - concept map]]

=== Responses of cultural landscapes to changing natural processes ===
''such as climate change, re-colonization of abandoned lands, impact of emerging need for sustainability etc.''

*'''Latz, Peter: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_33_2000/02_time_visible.pdf The idea of making time visible] Topos 33/2000'''''
** Roya Sabri: [[The idea of making time visible - concept map]]

*'''Yu, Kongjian: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/14_china.pdf Positioning Contemporary Landscape Architecture in China] Topos 56/2006'''''
** Hua Shu,Lu Sun,Ya Li: [[Landscape Architecture in China - concept map]]

*'''Shannon, Kelly: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/09_drosscape.pdf Drosscape ]Topos 56/2006'''''
** Ieva Kiesnere: [[Drosscape - concept map]]

*'''Author: ''[moodle link Title] Topos issue'''''
** Student name: [[Title - concept map]]

=== Landscapes as a reflection of changing cultural processes ===
''such as globalization, multiculturalism, emerging awareness to sustainability, etc.''

*'''Playdon, Dennis: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/c9811c28_Acoma.pdf Acoma - A Landscape of Settlement] Topos 56/2006'''''
** Jovana Kovacevic: [[Concept map Acoma - Landscape of Settlement.jpg]]

*'''Ruff, Stefanie and Dong, Nannan: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/03_shanghai02.pdf Managing Urban Growth in Shanghai] Topos 58/2007'''''
** Runzi Luo: [[Urban Growth in Shanghai - concept map]]

*'''Briand, Gilles and Mousquet, François-Xavier: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/d26ec62d_Basin.pdf Reversing the Image of a Coal Basin] Topos 56/2006'''''
** Andreia V. Quintas [[Reversing Image Coal Basin - Conceptual Map.jpg]]

=== Technology as a driver of cultural landscape change ===
''such as international styles, disappearing vernacular styles as a result of increased visual images through internet as well as advanced technology to enable new construction methods and techniques and capability to use new materials or recycled materials, etc.''

*'''Latz, Peter: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_33_2000/02_time_visible.pdf The idea of making time visible] Topos 33/2000'''''
** Roya Sabri: [[The idea of making time visible - concept map]]

*'''Author: ''[moodle link Title] Topos issue'''''
** Student name: [[Title - concept map]]

'''[http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Cultural_Landscapes_2010 Back to Seminar Outline]'''

== Articles for reading exercise ==

* Dear students, please choose your favourite article here and write your name(s) behind it.
* Then create a concept map until Tuesday, May 11, 2010, with one of the recommended programs and make sure it has a suitable resolution for this WIKI (400x800 pix) and the contents are readible on screen.
* In addition, please copy the article quotation (author, moodle link, title) and paste it according to the given structure and the respective ECLAS thematic field above that you think might fit best.
* If your article relates to more than one theme, please copy the title also to any other appropriate section.
* In a last step, you upload your concept map illustration (jpg) with a suitable title to the WIKI and add it together with your name to your article (as shown in the prestructure). It will later be linked with the respective article on a new WIKI page.

=== '''Topos 26/1999 ''IBA - a renewal concept for a region ''''' ===

''The focus of Topos 26 is on one region in one country: the Emscher region in North Rhine-Westphalia, a part of the Ruhr district. Once the industrial heart of Europe, the site of ruthless industrialization, it had overslept structural change. Now it is the home of the IBA (International Building Exhibition) Emscher Park.

*'''Schäfer, Robert: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_26_1999/01_iba_emscher_park.pdf Emscher Park Building Exhibition: a motor of structural change]''''' In 1999, the IBA presents the outcome of projects and plans concerned with the regeneration of an old industrial region.

*'''Pehnt, Wolfgang: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_26_1999/02_iba_emscher_park.pdf Changes have to take place in people's heads first]''''' The IBA Emscher Park has provided the Ruhr with a new identity and opened up new paths, both in the outside world and in people's minds.

*'''Dettmar, Jörg: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_26_1999/04_iba_emscher_park.pdf Wilderness or park?]''''' The Leftover Land Project taking place as part of the Emscher Park IBA introduces the concept of "industrial nature".

*'''Poblotzki, Ursula: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_26_1999/05_iba_emscher_park.pdf Transformation of a landscape]''''' The Ruhr is witnessing the application of urban green planning principles to a whole region as a motor of structural change.('''Yiting Wei,Chengkang Ye''')

*'''Schwarze-Rodrian, Michael: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_26_1999/06_iba_emscher_park.pdf Intercommunal co-operation in the Emscher Landscape Park]''''' The new regional park in the Ruhr area could only have been planned and built by going across all borders. A concept and its strategies. '''(Isin Barut)'''

*'''Weilacher, Udo: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_26_1999/07_iba_emscher_park.pdf Rusty-brown and Phacelia blue – landmark art by the IBA]''''' Mountains, rivers, churches or castles often lend character to landscapes. In the Ruhr, artistic landmarks help perform this role.

*'''Diedrich, Lisa: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_26_1999/08_iba_emscher_park.pdf No politics, no park: the Duisburg-Nord model]''''' The Duisburg-Nord Landscape Park exemplifies the close co-operation between IBA managers and designers.

*'''Wachten, Kunibert: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_26_1999/11_iba_emscher_park.pdf Housing developments in integrated sites]''''' The revived culture of the Ruhr area housing estates features new construction with moderate densities and makes use of historic capital.

=== '''Topos 33/2000 ''Intention and Reality''''' ===

''The urban future will be happening in the periphery because the core is usually occupied by history. Only Berlin had the unique opportunity to build the future right in the centre of town.''

*'''Isman, Fabio: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_33_2000/01_cultural_assets.pdf Landscape as cultural assets]''''' Half of Italy is protected from development, yet the danger of famous landscapes being covered up with concrete still remains.

*'''Latz, Peter: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_33_2000/02_time_visible.pdf The idea of making time visible]''''' Landscape architecture shows ecology as art that realises abstract ideas interpreting spatial patterns. '''(Roya Sabri)'''

=== '''Topos 44/2003 ''Conversion''''' ===

''Perforations, shrinkage, intermediate city – we know the terms for these processes but are not so sure about solutions for the problems caused by this landscape change. In any case, landscape is always involved.''

*'''Christiaanse, Kees: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/b6eea36d_H__fen.pdf New urbanism in former harbours] ''''' Colourful archipelago districts are appearing in harbour areas. Radically mixed uses provide an example for the whole city. '''(Koesler Barbara, Kazubski Sebastian)'''

*'''Leppert, Stefan: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/fb572c9b_Westpark.pdf Westpark Bochum, Germany]''''' Mainly involving provision of access to existing elements, the concept for the park at a former steelworks is a simple one.

*'''Weilacher, Udo and Dettmar, Jörg: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_44_2003/01_process.pdf Landscape as a process]''''' The city is wherever an urban lifestyle is. That means it is almost everywhere. What role does that give landscape?

*'''Prominski, Martin: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/bb305df8_Surplus.pdf Surplus land - Perspectives for the cultural landscape]''''' Farmers are going; new settlers are coming. Students at TU Berlin developed ideas for a different land use.

=== '''Topos 53/2005 ''Traffic''''' ===

''Bridges, roads, airports, boulevards, bicycle paths or railway tracks ? the range of traffic structures that should not only be well planned but also attractively designed in the context of their urban or rural surroundings is very broad.''

*'''Pachnicke, Peter: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_53_2005/01_ruhr_area.pdf The Bridge Landscape of Emscher Park]''''' Rehabilitating the River Emscher, misused as a wastewater canal, forms the foundation for redesigning the industrial landscape in the Ruhr district. The artistic bridges in the network of hiking and cycling trails are symbols of the new landscape.

*'''Suwanarit, Asan: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/c12884f6_Bangkok.pdf The Skytrain in Bangkok]''''' The enormous elevated structure of the Bangkok Transit System, commonly known as the Skytrain, has radically changed the means of experiencing passing through the heart of Bangkok's downtown. Today, this structure is continuing its transformation as a complex dynamic across this metropolitan landscape.

*'''Becker, Carlo W.: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_53_2005/02_leipzig.pdf Across the Periphery – Leipzig North]''''' In response to the strong transformation processes of past decades, the City of Leipzig commissioned a spatial concept for its periphery. bgmr Landscape Architects developed an urban cultural landscape.

*'''Detzlhofer, Anna: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_53_2005/03_vienna.pdf Landscape Becomes Established]''''' Large-scale modelling of the terrain integrates a new motorway on the south periphery of Vienna with the landscape. Geometrically shaped landmarks facilitate orientation for drivers and local residents.

=== '''Topos 56/2006 ''Cultural Landscapes''''' ===

''All over the world, the economic activities of mankind leave their mark on the landscape. Depending on land use, topography and climate, cultural landscapes differ greatly. Besides covering the preservation and rehabilitation of particular cultural landscapes, this issue of Topos focuses mainly on the transformations of landscapes and the challenges for planners involved. Examples range from an Italian wind farm to Bangkok's aquacultural landscape.''

*'''Moderini, Daniela and Selano, Giovanni: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/01_windscapes.pdf Windscapes]''''' The experimental wind farms of San Chirico and Spina combine renewable energy and information technologies with the region's distinguished culture to create an innovative strategy for communicating the landscape's inherent complexity. '''(Lukas Spriestersbach)'''

*'''Briand, Gilles and Mousquet, François-Xavier: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/d26ec62d_Basin.pdf Reversing the Image of a Coal Basin]''''' Long regarded as a serious handicap, the coal basin's brownfield sites in the French Nord Pas de Calais region, heritage of a glorious industrial past, constitute an experimental laboratory for the regeneration of derelict post-industrial land. '''(Andreia V. Quintas)'''

*'''Bokern, Anneke: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/03_westergasfabriek.pdf Westergasfabriek Cultural Park]''''' The interim cultural uses of the former gasworks in Amsterdam led to converting the grounds into a "cultural park". The design intends to demonstrate transformations in the relationship between humans and nature over the last century.

*'''McGrath, Brian and Thaitakoo, Danai: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/f2dd7b91_Agri.pdf Bangkok`s Agri- and Aquacultural Fringe]''''' Bangkok's contemporary transportation system reflects ancient layers of waterborne urbanism overlaid with a modern automobile-driven metropolis. Between these conditions, a fresh opportunity arises to re-assess the composite cultural landscape for future bio-energy production.

*'''Dailami, Ahmed and Doherty, Gareth: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/05_bahrain.pdf Cultural Continuums in Bahrain]''''' Bahrain is experiencing a tumultuous period of restructuring and expansion with an architectural language rooted in a silently salient binary of traditional versus contemporary. Transition and change are not new to Bahrain, having formed an assortment of landscapes that speak of a far more varied and complex place.

*'''Akerlund, Ulrika : ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/06_russian_country.pdf Russian Coutnry Estates]''''' Primarily a country base for the bourgeois, the usadba had a significant social role in pre-revolutionary Russia. Although many are now in ruins, and the needs and structure of society have changed, the agency of the usadba as a cultural hub and focus for rural communities is being rediscovered.

*'''O'Donnell, Patricia M.: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/07_designed_landscapes.pdf Preserving Designed Cultural Landscapes]''''' There is a broad legacy of cultural landscapes as designed, evolved, relic and associative properties in the USA. While cultural landscapes of all types hold interest for the planning professions, understanding the designed landscape and intervening to further its preservation is most readily taken up by design professionals.

*'''Playdon, Dennis: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/c9811c28_Acoma.pdf Acoma - A Landscape of Settlement]''''' There is a broad legacy of cultural landscapes as designed, evolved, relic and associative properties in the USA. While cultural landscapes of all types hold interest for the planning professions, understanding the designed landscape and intervening to further its preservation is most readily taken up by design professionals.'''(Jovana Kovacevic)'''

*'''Shannon, Kelly: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/09_drosscape.pdf Drosscape]''''' New landscapes are continuously created while others are destroyed. The cultural landscapes of the 21st century include the globe's vast post-industrial landscapes, and territories simply consumed by sprawling development. '''(Ieva Kiesnere)'''

*'''Krebs, Stefanie: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/10_land_art.pdf Art and Landscape]''''' Artscape Nordland presents 33 works of art in the Norwegian fjord landscape. Different positions on art and landscape range from staging elementary forces and creating spaces for social interaction to re-romanticization and the sublime.

*'''Schmitz, Martin: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/11_lucius_burckhardt.pdf The Strollology of Lucius Burckhardt]''''' The political economist, sociologist, art historian and planning theorist Lucius Burckhardt founded "strollology" in the 1980s at the University of Kassel, Germany. It deals with human perception and its feedback into planning and building.

*'''Ranatunga, Priyanka: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/12_tsunami.pdf Cultural Landscape and Tsunami Resettlement]''''' Following the 2004 tsunami in Sri Lanka, landscape architects re-interpreted ancient human settlement patterns in order to re-locate affected peoples into culturally and ecological sensitive communities.

*'''Adams, Ann: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/13_holistic_landscape.pdf Dimbangombe Project – A Holistic Landscape Approach]''''' Over the past decade there has been increasing interest in natural capitalism and a holistic approach to resource management. The Dimbangombe Project in Zimbabwe focuses on creating a healthy landscape.

*'''Yu, Kongjian: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/14_china.pdf Positioning Contemporary Landscape Architecture in China]''''' In an era of multiple unprecedented challenges imposed by the processes of industrialization and urbanization, landscape architecture is now on the verge of change in China. It is time for this profession to take the great opportunity to position itself to play the key role in rebuilding the Land of Peach Blossoms for a new society of urbanized, globalized and inter-connected people. '''(Hua Shu,Lu Sun,Ya Li)'''

=== '''Topos 58/2007 ''City Strategies''''' ===

''Cities are responsible for accommodating most of the world population. Cities grow; big ones get even bigger; new satellite towns are supposed to ease the strain on city centres. Urban planners therefore face major tasks in creating liveable urban environments for millions of people. Topos presents examples of urban design strategies, in Sydney, Shanghai, Dubai, London, Madrid, Chicago, Vancouver and Bogotá.''

*'''Hawken, Scott: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/01_sydney.pdf Sydney – City of Landscapes]''''' Since the 2000 Olympics, and in light of an ongoing explosion in population, the need for a drastic overhaul of Sydney's urban system has become clear. A series of new landscape projects provide physical models that respond to diverse planning challenges.

*'''Kögel, Eduard: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/02_shanghai01.pdf Metropolitan Region Shanghai]''''' The town planning history of Shanghai has taken many turns with political change in the past century. A consistent planning strategy could not be implemented until the 1990s when development really took off. The achievements will be presented to an international audience at the World Expo 2010. '''(Yan Hu, Lei li)'''

*'''Ruff, Stefanie and Dong, Nannan: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/03_shanghai02.pdf Managing Urban Growth in Shanghai]''''' The targeted urbanisation of Shanghai's suburbs leads to a decentralized growth that forms a polycentric regional network. New Towns take various Western urban developments as their models.'''(John Sun)''' '''(Runzi Luo)'''

*'''Woodman, Ellis: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/04_london.pdf Livingstone's London]''''' Mayor Ken Livingstone has already had considerable impact on London's built environment, but in the coming years his policies are set to transform the city to an unprecedented degree.

*'''Ng, Waikeen and Vegara, Alfonso: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/05_madrid.pdf Spain's Growing Capital City]''''' Large infrastructure projects represent a major step forward for Madrid's transport planning, preparing the city for the future – and the next Olympic bid.

*'''Davis, Mike : ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/06_dubai.pdf Fear and Money in Dubai]''''' Some may consider Dubai the prototype of the 21st century metropolis. Mike Davis describes the luxury urban enclave as the apotheosis of neo-liberalism. Petrodollars are invested in fantasy worlds and architectural landmarks to establish the city as a brand on the world market.

*'''Burger, Don, Roehr, Daniel and Soules, Matthew: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/07_vancouver.pdf Mirage Metropolis]''''' Vancouver has become such a global model for urbanism that Vancouverism refers to the twin ideals of increased residential density and liveability in the city core. The article critically reflects on this approach which, despite its many failings, nevertheless creates new possibilities for landscape.

*'''Lindke, Lybra: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/08_chicago01.pdf Chicago's Green Strategies]''''' Long since considered an industrial and economic workhorse within the United States, Chicago's approach to redefining its greenscape has changed its reputation from a city laden with underutilized and vacant manufacturing and industrial sites to a city striving to become a model for comprehensive green urbanism.

*'''Chappell, Jim: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/09_chicago02.pdf Chicago Central Area Plan]''''' Subtitled "Preparing the Central City for the 21st Century", the Chicago Central Area Plan is nothing less than the next step in Chicago's hundred-year quest to build the world's greatest city, and build it according to a plan.

*'''Fajardo, Martha Cecilia and Kawashima, Noboru: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/10_bogota.pdf Bogotá Transformations]''''' Implementation of a series of masterplans in recent years has turned Bogotá from a chaotic, unsafe city into a capital with a progressive transport system, public parks, pedestrian and cycle networks.

*'''van Oers, Ron: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=1481 Safeguarding the Historic Urban Landscape]''''' More and more historic cities adopt strategies and policies that assign an important role to heritage in the city's social and economic development. A well-managed historic urban landscape is a strong competitive tool as it attracts not only tourists, but capital and residents as well. It is essential to establish an active partnership between conservation and development. ('''Mirjana Jovanovic''', '''Nada Jadzic''')

Literature and Resources Cultural Landscapes 2010

2010-05-10T20:25:02Z

Ieva Kiesnere: /* Responses of cultural landscapes to changing natural processes */

'''[http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Cultural_Landscapes_2010 Back to Seminar Outline]'''

== Thematic fields according to the 2010 ECLAS conference "Cultural Landscapes" ==
[[Image:100410 cultural landscapes mind map.jpeg|thumb|1050px|Thematic map "Cultural Landscapes"|none]]

=== Cultural Landscapes: Education, research methods and approaches ===
''such as profession based education, multi-disciplinary education, interdisciplinary education etc.''

*'''Latz, Peter: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_33_2000/02_time_visible.pdf The idea of making time visible] Topos 33/2000'''''
** Roya Sabri: [[The idea of making time visible - concept map]]

*'''Author: ''[moodle link Title] Topos issue'''''
** Student name: [[Title - concept map]]

=== Responses of cultural landscapes to changing natural processes ===
''such as climate change, re-colonization of abandoned lands, impact of emerging need for sustainability etc.''

*'''Latz, Peter: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_33_2000/02_time_visible.pdf The idea of making time visible] Topos 33/2000'''''
** Roya Sabri: [[The idea of making time visible - concept map]]

*'''Yu, Kongjian: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/14_china.pdf Positioning Contemporary Landscape Architecture in China] Topos 56/2006'''''
** Hua Shu,Lu Sun,Ya Li: [[Landscape Architecture in China - concept map]]

*'''Shannon, Kelly: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/09_drosscape.pdf Drosscape ]Topos 56/2006'''''
** Ieva Kiesnere: [[Drosscape - concept map]]

=== Landscapes as a reflection of changing cultural processes ===
''such as globalization, multiculturalism, emerging awareness to sustainability, etc.''

*'''Playdon, Dennis: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/c9811c28_Acoma.pdf Acoma - A Landscape of Settlement] Topos 56/2006'''''
** Jovana Kovacevic: [[Concept map Acoma - Landscape of Settlement.jpg]]

*'''Ruff, Stefanie and Dong, Nannan: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/03_shanghai02.pdf Managing Urban Growth in Shanghai] Topos 58/2007'''''
** Runzi Luo: [[Urban Growth in Shanghai - concept map]]

*'''Briand, Gilles and Mousquet, François-Xavier: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/d26ec62d_Basin.pdf Reversing the Image of a Coal Basin] Topos 56/2006'''''
** Andreia V. Quintas [[Reversing Image Coal Basin - Conceptual Map.jpg]]

=== Technology as a driver of cultural landscape change ===
''such as international styles, disappearing vernacular styles as a result of increased visual images through internet as well as advanced technology to enable new construction methods and techniques and capability to use new materials or recycled materials, etc.''

*'''Latz, Peter: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_33_2000/02_time_visible.pdf The idea of making time visible] Topos 33/2000'''''
** Roya Sabri: [[The idea of making time visible - concept map]]

*'''Author: ''[moodle link Title] Topos issue'''''
** Student name: [[Title - concept map]]

'''[http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Cultural_Landscapes_2010 Back to Seminar Outline]'''

== Articles for reading exercise ==

* Dear students, please choose your favourite article here and write your name(s) behind it.
* Then create a concept map until Tuesday, May 11, 2010, with one of the recommended programs and make sure it has a suitable resolution for this WIKI (400x800 pix) and the contents are readible on screen.
* In addition, please copy the article quotation (author, moodle link, title) and paste it according to the given structure and the respective ECLAS thematic field above that you think might fit best.
* If your article relates to more than one theme, please copy the title also to any other appropriate section.
* In a last step, you upload your concept map illustration (jpg) with a suitable title to the WIKI and add it together with your name to your article (as shown in the prestructure). It will later be linked with the respective article on a new WIKI page.

=== '''Topos 26/1999 ''IBA - a renewal concept for a region ''''' ===

''The focus of Topos 26 is on one region in one country: the Emscher region in North Rhine-Westphalia, a part of the Ruhr district. Once the industrial heart of Europe, the site of ruthless industrialization, it had overslept structural change. Now it is the home of the IBA (International Building Exhibition) Emscher Park.

*'''Schäfer, Robert: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_26_1999/01_iba_emscher_park.pdf Emscher Park Building Exhibition: a motor of structural change]''''' In 1999, the IBA presents the outcome of projects and plans concerned with the regeneration of an old industrial region.

*'''Pehnt, Wolfgang: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_26_1999/02_iba_emscher_park.pdf Changes have to take place in people's heads first]''''' The IBA Emscher Park has provided the Ruhr with a new identity and opened up new paths, both in the outside world and in people's minds.

*'''Dettmar, Jörg: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_26_1999/04_iba_emscher_park.pdf Wilderness or park?]''''' The Leftover Land Project taking place as part of the Emscher Park IBA introduces the concept of "industrial nature".

*'''Poblotzki, Ursula: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_26_1999/05_iba_emscher_park.pdf Transformation of a landscape]''''' The Ruhr is witnessing the application of urban green planning principles to a whole region as a motor of structural change.('''Yiting Wei,Chengkang Ye''')

*'''Schwarze-Rodrian, Michael: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_26_1999/06_iba_emscher_park.pdf Intercommunal co-operation in the Emscher Landscape Park]''''' The new regional park in the Ruhr area could only have been planned and built by going across all borders. A concept and its strategies. '''(Isin Barut)'''

*'''Weilacher, Udo: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_26_1999/07_iba_emscher_park.pdf Rusty-brown and Phacelia blue – landmark art by the IBA]''''' Mountains, rivers, churches or castles often lend character to landscapes. In the Ruhr, artistic landmarks help perform this role.

*'''Diedrich, Lisa: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_26_1999/08_iba_emscher_park.pdf No politics, no park: the Duisburg-Nord model]''''' The Duisburg-Nord Landscape Park exemplifies the close co-operation between IBA managers and designers.

*'''Wachten, Kunibert: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_26_1999/11_iba_emscher_park.pdf Housing developments in integrated sites]''''' The revived culture of the Ruhr area housing estates features new construction with moderate densities and makes use of historic capital.

=== '''Topos 33/2000 ''Intention and Reality''''' ===

''The urban future will be happening in the periphery because the core is usually occupied by history. Only Berlin had the unique opportunity to build the future right in the centre of town.''

*'''Isman, Fabio: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_33_2000/01_cultural_assets.pdf Landscape as cultural assets]''''' Half of Italy is protected from development, yet the danger of famous landscapes being covered up with concrete still remains.

*'''Latz, Peter: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_33_2000/02_time_visible.pdf The idea of making time visible]''''' Landscape architecture shows ecology as art that realises abstract ideas interpreting spatial patterns. '''(Roya Sabri)'''

=== '''Topos 44/2003 ''Conversion''''' ===

''Perforations, shrinkage, intermediate city – we know the terms for these processes but are not so sure about solutions for the problems caused by this landscape change. In any case, landscape is always involved.''

*'''Christiaanse, Kees: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/b6eea36d_H__fen.pdf New urbanism in former harbours] ''''' Colourful archipelago districts are appearing in harbour areas. Radically mixed uses provide an example for the whole city. '''(Koesler Barbara, Kazubski Sebastian)'''

*'''Leppert, Stefan: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/fb572c9b_Westpark.pdf Westpark Bochum, Germany]''''' Mainly involving provision of access to existing elements, the concept for the park at a former steelworks is a simple one.

*'''Weilacher, Udo and Dettmar, Jörg: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_44_2003/01_process.pdf Landscape as a process]''''' The city is wherever an urban lifestyle is. That means it is almost everywhere. What role does that give landscape?

*'''Prominski, Martin: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/bb305df8_Surplus.pdf Surplus land - Perspectives for the cultural landscape]''''' Farmers are going; new settlers are coming. Students at TU Berlin developed ideas for a different land use.

=== '''Topos 53/2005 ''Traffic''''' ===

''Bridges, roads, airports, boulevards, bicycle paths or railway tracks ? the range of traffic structures that should not only be well planned but also attractively designed in the context of their urban or rural surroundings is very broad.''

*'''Pachnicke, Peter: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_53_2005/01_ruhr_area.pdf The Bridge Landscape of Emscher Park]''''' Rehabilitating the River Emscher, misused as a wastewater canal, forms the foundation for redesigning the industrial landscape in the Ruhr district. The artistic bridges in the network of hiking and cycling trails are symbols of the new landscape.

*'''Suwanarit, Asan: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/c12884f6_Bangkok.pdf The Skytrain in Bangkok]''''' The enormous elevated structure of the Bangkok Transit System, commonly known as the Skytrain, has radically changed the means of experiencing passing through the heart of Bangkok's downtown. Today, this structure is continuing its transformation as a complex dynamic across this metropolitan landscape.

*'''Becker, Carlo W.: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_53_2005/02_leipzig.pdf Across the Periphery – Leipzig North]''''' In response to the strong transformation processes of past decades, the City of Leipzig commissioned a spatial concept for its periphery. bgmr Landscape Architects developed an urban cultural landscape.

*'''Detzlhofer, Anna: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_53_2005/03_vienna.pdf Landscape Becomes Established]''''' Large-scale modelling of the terrain integrates a new motorway on the south periphery of Vienna with the landscape. Geometrically shaped landmarks facilitate orientation for drivers and local residents.

=== '''Topos 56/2006 ''Cultural Landscapes''''' ===

''All over the world, the economic activities of mankind leave their mark on the landscape. Depending on land use, topography and climate, cultural landscapes differ greatly. Besides covering the preservation and rehabilitation of particular cultural landscapes, this issue of Topos focuses mainly on the transformations of landscapes and the challenges for planners involved. Examples range from an Italian wind farm to Bangkok's aquacultural landscape.''

*'''Moderini, Daniela and Selano, Giovanni: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/01_windscapes.pdf Windscapes]''''' The experimental wind farms of San Chirico and Spina combine renewable energy and information technologies with the region's distinguished culture to create an innovative strategy for communicating the landscape's inherent complexity. '''(Lukas Spriestersbach)'''

*'''Briand, Gilles and Mousquet, François-Xavier: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/d26ec62d_Basin.pdf Reversing the Image of a Coal Basin]''''' Long regarded as a serious handicap, the coal basin's brownfield sites in the French Nord Pas de Calais region, heritage of a glorious industrial past, constitute an experimental laboratory for the regeneration of derelict post-industrial land. '''(Andreia V. Quintas)'''

*'''Bokern, Anneke: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/03_westergasfabriek.pdf Westergasfabriek Cultural Park]''''' The interim cultural uses of the former gasworks in Amsterdam led to converting the grounds into a "cultural park". The design intends to demonstrate transformations in the relationship between humans and nature over the last century.

*'''McGrath, Brian and Thaitakoo, Danai: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/f2dd7b91_Agri.pdf Bangkok`s Agri- and Aquacultural Fringe]''''' Bangkok's contemporary transportation system reflects ancient layers of waterborne urbanism overlaid with a modern automobile-driven metropolis. Between these conditions, a fresh opportunity arises to re-assess the composite cultural landscape for future bio-energy production.

*'''Dailami, Ahmed and Doherty, Gareth: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/05_bahrain.pdf Cultural Continuums in Bahrain]''''' Bahrain is experiencing a tumultuous period of restructuring and expansion with an architectural language rooted in a silently salient binary of traditional versus contemporary. Transition and change are not new to Bahrain, having formed an assortment of landscapes that speak of a far more varied and complex place.

*'''Akerlund, Ulrika : ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/06_russian_country.pdf Russian Coutnry Estates]''''' Primarily a country base for the bourgeois, the usadba had a significant social role in pre-revolutionary Russia. Although many are now in ruins, and the needs and structure of society have changed, the agency of the usadba as a cultural hub and focus for rural communities is being rediscovered.

*'''O'Donnell, Patricia M.: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/07_designed_landscapes.pdf Preserving Designed Cultural Landscapes]''''' There is a broad legacy of cultural landscapes as designed, evolved, relic and associative properties in the USA. While cultural landscapes of all types hold interest for the planning professions, understanding the designed landscape and intervening to further its preservation is most readily taken up by design professionals.

*'''Playdon, Dennis: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/c9811c28_Acoma.pdf Acoma - A Landscape of Settlement]''''' There is a broad legacy of cultural landscapes as designed, evolved, relic and associative properties in the USA. While cultural landscapes of all types hold interest for the planning professions, understanding the designed landscape and intervening to further its preservation is most readily taken up by design professionals.'''(Jovana Kovacevic)'''

*'''Shannon, Kelly: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/09_drosscape.pdf Drosscape]''''' New landscapes are continuously created while others are destroyed. The cultural landscapes of the 21st century include the globe's vast post-industrial landscapes, and territories simply consumed by sprawling development. '''(Ieva Kiesnere)'''

*'''Krebs, Stefanie: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/10_land_art.pdf Art and Landscape]''''' Artscape Nordland presents 33 works of art in the Norwegian fjord landscape. Different positions on art and landscape range from staging elementary forces and creating spaces for social interaction to re-romanticization and the sublime.

*'''Schmitz, Martin: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/11_lucius_burckhardt.pdf The Strollology of Lucius Burckhardt]''''' The political economist, sociologist, art historian and planning theorist Lucius Burckhardt founded "strollology" in the 1980s at the University of Kassel, Germany. It deals with human perception and its feedback into planning and building.

*'''Ranatunga, Priyanka: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/12_tsunami.pdf Cultural Landscape and Tsunami Resettlement]''''' Following the 2004 tsunami in Sri Lanka, landscape architects re-interpreted ancient human settlement patterns in order to re-locate affected peoples into culturally and ecological sensitive communities.

*'''Adams, Ann: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/13_holistic_landscape.pdf Dimbangombe Project – A Holistic Landscape Approach]''''' Over the past decade there has been increasing interest in natural capitalism and a holistic approach to resource management. The Dimbangombe Project in Zimbabwe focuses on creating a healthy landscape.

*'''Yu, Kongjian: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/14_china.pdf Positioning Contemporary Landscape Architecture in China]''''' In an era of multiple unprecedented challenges imposed by the processes of industrialization and urbanization, landscape architecture is now on the verge of change in China. It is time for this profession to take the great opportunity to position itself to play the key role in rebuilding the Land of Peach Blossoms for a new society of urbanized, globalized and inter-connected people. '''(Hua Shu,Lu Sun,Ya Li)'''

=== '''Topos 58/2007 ''City Strategies''''' ===

''Cities are responsible for accommodating most of the world population. Cities grow; big ones get even bigger; new satellite towns are supposed to ease the strain on city centres. Urban planners therefore face major tasks in creating liveable urban environments for millions of people. Topos presents examples of urban design strategies, in Sydney, Shanghai, Dubai, London, Madrid, Chicago, Vancouver and Bogotá.''

*'''Hawken, Scott: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/01_sydney.pdf Sydney – City of Landscapes]''''' Since the 2000 Olympics, and in light of an ongoing explosion in population, the need for a drastic overhaul of Sydney's urban system has become clear. A series of new landscape projects provide physical models that respond to diverse planning challenges.

*'''Kögel, Eduard: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/02_shanghai01.pdf Metropolitan Region Shanghai]''''' The town planning history of Shanghai has taken many turns with political change in the past century. A consistent planning strategy could not be implemented until the 1990s when development really took off. The achievements will be presented to an international audience at the World Expo 2010. '''(Yan Hu, Lei li)'''

*'''Ruff, Stefanie and Dong, Nannan: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/03_shanghai02.pdf Managing Urban Growth in Shanghai]''''' The targeted urbanisation of Shanghai's suburbs leads to a decentralized growth that forms a polycentric regional network. New Towns take various Western urban developments as their models.'''(John Sun)''' '''(Runzi Luo)'''

*'''Woodman, Ellis: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/04_london.pdf Livingstone's London]''''' Mayor Ken Livingstone has already had considerable impact on London's built environment, but in the coming years his policies are set to transform the city to an unprecedented degree.

*'''Ng, Waikeen and Vegara, Alfonso: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/05_madrid.pdf Spain's Growing Capital City]''''' Large infrastructure projects represent a major step forward for Madrid's transport planning, preparing the city for the future – and the next Olympic bid.

*'''Davis, Mike : ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/06_dubai.pdf Fear and Money in Dubai]''''' Some may consider Dubai the prototype of the 21st century metropolis. Mike Davis describes the luxury urban enclave as the apotheosis of neo-liberalism. Petrodollars are invested in fantasy worlds and architectural landmarks to establish the city as a brand on the world market.

*'''Burger, Don, Roehr, Daniel and Soules, Matthew: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/07_vancouver.pdf Mirage Metropolis]''''' Vancouver has become such a global model for urbanism that Vancouverism refers to the twin ideals of increased residential density and liveability in the city core. The article critically reflects on this approach which, despite its many failings, nevertheless creates new possibilities for landscape.

*'''Lindke, Lybra: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/08_chicago01.pdf Chicago's Green Strategies]''''' Long since considered an industrial and economic workhorse within the United States, Chicago's approach to redefining its greenscape has changed its reputation from a city laden with underutilized and vacant manufacturing and industrial sites to a city striving to become a model for comprehensive green urbanism.

*'''Chappell, Jim: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/09_chicago02.pdf Chicago Central Area Plan]''''' Subtitled "Preparing the Central City for the 21st Century", the Chicago Central Area Plan is nothing less than the next step in Chicago's hundred-year quest to build the world's greatest city, and build it according to a plan.

*'''Fajardo, Martha Cecilia and Kawashima, Noboru: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/10_bogota.pdf Bogotá Transformations]''''' Implementation of a series of masterplans in recent years has turned Bogotá from a chaotic, unsafe city into a capital with a progressive transport system, public parks, pedestrian and cycle networks.

*'''van Oers, Ron: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=1481 Safeguarding the Historic Urban Landscape]''''' More and more historic cities adopt strategies and policies that assign an important role to heritage in the city's social and economic development. A well-managed historic urban landscape is a strong competitive tool as it attracts not only tourists, but capital and residents as well. It is essential to establish an active partnership between conservation and development. ('''Mirjana Jovanovic''', '''Nada Jadzic''')

Literature and Resources Cultural Landscapes 2010

2010-05-10T20:24:12Z

Ieva Kiesnere: /* Responses of cultural landscapes to changing natural processes */

'''[http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Cultural_Landscapes_2010 Back to Seminar Outline]'''

== Thematic fields according to the 2010 ECLAS conference "Cultural Landscapes" ==
[[Image:100410 cultural landscapes mind map.jpeg|thumb|1050px|Thematic map "Cultural Landscapes"|none]]

=== Cultural Landscapes: Education, research methods and approaches ===
''such as profession based education, multi-disciplinary education, interdisciplinary education etc.''

*'''Latz, Peter: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_33_2000/02_time_visible.pdf The idea of making time visible] Topos 33/2000'''''
** Roya Sabri: [[The idea of making time visible - concept map]]

*'''Author: ''[moodle link Title] Topos issue'''''
** Student name: [[Title - concept map]]

=== Responses of cultural landscapes to changing natural processes ===
''such as climate change, re-colonization of abandoned lands, impact of emerging need for sustainability etc.''

*'''Latz, Peter: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_33_2000/02_time_visible.pdf The idea of making time visible] Topos 33/2000'''''
** Roya Sabri: [[The idea of making time visible - concept map]]

*'''Yu, Kongjian: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/14_china.pdf Positioning Contemporary Landscape Architecture in China] Topos 56/2006'''''
** Hua Shu,Lu Sun,Ya Li: [[Landscape Architecture in China - concept map]]

*'''Shannon, Kelly: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/09_drosscape.pdf Drosscape ]Topos 56/2006'''''
** Ieva Kiesnere: [[File:Drosscape.jpeg]]

=== Landscapes as a reflection of changing cultural processes ===
''such as globalization, multiculturalism, emerging awareness to sustainability, etc.''

*'''Playdon, Dennis: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/c9811c28_Acoma.pdf Acoma - A Landscape of Settlement] Topos 56/2006'''''
** Jovana Kovacevic: [[Concept map Acoma - Landscape of Settlement.jpg]]

*'''Ruff, Stefanie and Dong, Nannan: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/03_shanghai02.pdf Managing Urban Growth in Shanghai] Topos 58/2007'''''
** Runzi Luo: [[Urban Growth in Shanghai - concept map]]

*'''Briand, Gilles and Mousquet, François-Xavier: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/d26ec62d_Basin.pdf Reversing the Image of a Coal Basin] Topos 56/2006'''''
** Andreia V. Quintas [[Reversing Image Coal Basin - Conceptual Map.jpg]]

=== Technology as a driver of cultural landscape change ===
''such as international styles, disappearing vernacular styles as a result of increased visual images through internet as well as advanced technology to enable new construction methods and techniques and capability to use new materials or recycled materials, etc.''

*'''Latz, Peter: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_33_2000/02_time_visible.pdf The idea of making time visible] Topos 33/2000'''''
** Roya Sabri: [[The idea of making time visible - concept map]]

*'''Author: ''[moodle link Title] Topos issue'''''
** Student name: [[Title - concept map]]

'''[http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Cultural_Landscapes_2010 Back to Seminar Outline]'''

== Articles for reading exercise ==

* Dear students, please choose your favourite article here and write your name(s) behind it.
* Then create a concept map until Tuesday, May 11, 2010, with one of the recommended programs and make sure it has a suitable resolution for this WIKI (400x800 pix) and the contents are readible on screen.
* In addition, please copy the article quotation (author, moodle link, title) and paste it according to the given structure and the respective ECLAS thematic field above that you think might fit best.
* If your article relates to more than one theme, please copy the title also to any other appropriate section.
* In a last step, you upload your concept map illustration (jpg) with a suitable title to the WIKI and add it together with your name to your article (as shown in the prestructure). It will later be linked with the respective article on a new WIKI page.

=== '''Topos 26/1999 ''IBA - a renewal concept for a region ''''' ===

''The focus of Topos 26 is on one region in one country: the Emscher region in North Rhine-Westphalia, a part of the Ruhr district. Once the industrial heart of Europe, the site of ruthless industrialization, it had overslept structural change. Now it is the home of the IBA (International Building Exhibition) Emscher Park.

*'''Schäfer, Robert: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_26_1999/01_iba_emscher_park.pdf Emscher Park Building Exhibition: a motor of structural change]''''' In 1999, the IBA presents the outcome of projects and plans concerned with the regeneration of an old industrial region.

*'''Pehnt, Wolfgang: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_26_1999/02_iba_emscher_park.pdf Changes have to take place in people's heads first]''''' The IBA Emscher Park has provided the Ruhr with a new identity and opened up new paths, both in the outside world and in people's minds.

*'''Dettmar, Jörg: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_26_1999/04_iba_emscher_park.pdf Wilderness or park?]''''' The Leftover Land Project taking place as part of the Emscher Park IBA introduces the concept of "industrial nature".

*'''Poblotzki, Ursula: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_26_1999/05_iba_emscher_park.pdf Transformation of a landscape]''''' The Ruhr is witnessing the application of urban green planning principles to a whole region as a motor of structural change.('''Yiting Wei,Chengkang Ye''')

*'''Schwarze-Rodrian, Michael: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_26_1999/06_iba_emscher_park.pdf Intercommunal co-operation in the Emscher Landscape Park]''''' The new regional park in the Ruhr area could only have been planned and built by going across all borders. A concept and its strategies. '''(Isin Barut)'''

*'''Weilacher, Udo: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_26_1999/07_iba_emscher_park.pdf Rusty-brown and Phacelia blue – landmark art by the IBA]''''' Mountains, rivers, churches or castles often lend character to landscapes. In the Ruhr, artistic landmarks help perform this role.

*'''Diedrich, Lisa: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_26_1999/08_iba_emscher_park.pdf No politics, no park: the Duisburg-Nord model]''''' The Duisburg-Nord Landscape Park exemplifies the close co-operation between IBA managers and designers.

*'''Wachten, Kunibert: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_26_1999/11_iba_emscher_park.pdf Housing developments in integrated sites]''''' The revived culture of the Ruhr area housing estates features new construction with moderate densities and makes use of historic capital.

=== '''Topos 33/2000 ''Intention and Reality''''' ===

''The urban future will be happening in the periphery because the core is usually occupied by history. Only Berlin had the unique opportunity to build the future right in the centre of town.''

*'''Isman, Fabio: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_33_2000/01_cultural_assets.pdf Landscape as cultural assets]''''' Half of Italy is protected from development, yet the danger of famous landscapes being covered up with concrete still remains.

*'''Latz, Peter: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_33_2000/02_time_visible.pdf The idea of making time visible]''''' Landscape architecture shows ecology as art that realises abstract ideas interpreting spatial patterns. '''(Roya Sabri)'''

=== '''Topos 44/2003 ''Conversion''''' ===

''Perforations, shrinkage, intermediate city – we know the terms for these processes but are not so sure about solutions for the problems caused by this landscape change. In any case, landscape is always involved.''

*'''Christiaanse, Kees: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/b6eea36d_H__fen.pdf New urbanism in former harbours] ''''' Colourful archipelago districts are appearing in harbour areas. Radically mixed uses provide an example for the whole city. '''(Koesler Barbara, Kazubski Sebastian)'''

*'''Leppert, Stefan: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/fb572c9b_Westpark.pdf Westpark Bochum, Germany]''''' Mainly involving provision of access to existing elements, the concept for the park at a former steelworks is a simple one.

*'''Weilacher, Udo and Dettmar, Jörg: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_44_2003/01_process.pdf Landscape as a process]''''' The city is wherever an urban lifestyle is. That means it is almost everywhere. What role does that give landscape?

*'''Prominski, Martin: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/bb305df8_Surplus.pdf Surplus land - Perspectives for the cultural landscape]''''' Farmers are going; new settlers are coming. Students at TU Berlin developed ideas for a different land use.

=== '''Topos 53/2005 ''Traffic''''' ===

''Bridges, roads, airports, boulevards, bicycle paths or railway tracks ? the range of traffic structures that should not only be well planned but also attractively designed in the context of their urban or rural surroundings is very broad.''

*'''Pachnicke, Peter: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_53_2005/01_ruhr_area.pdf The Bridge Landscape of Emscher Park]''''' Rehabilitating the River Emscher, misused as a wastewater canal, forms the foundation for redesigning the industrial landscape in the Ruhr district. The artistic bridges in the network of hiking and cycling trails are symbols of the new landscape.

*'''Suwanarit, Asan: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/c12884f6_Bangkok.pdf The Skytrain in Bangkok]''''' The enormous elevated structure of the Bangkok Transit System, commonly known as the Skytrain, has radically changed the means of experiencing passing through the heart of Bangkok's downtown. Today, this structure is continuing its transformation as a complex dynamic across this metropolitan landscape.

*'''Becker, Carlo W.: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_53_2005/02_leipzig.pdf Across the Periphery – Leipzig North]''''' In response to the strong transformation processes of past decades, the City of Leipzig commissioned a spatial concept for its periphery. bgmr Landscape Architects developed an urban cultural landscape.

*'''Detzlhofer, Anna: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_53_2005/03_vienna.pdf Landscape Becomes Established]''''' Large-scale modelling of the terrain integrates a new motorway on the south periphery of Vienna with the landscape. Geometrically shaped landmarks facilitate orientation for drivers and local residents.

=== '''Topos 56/2006 ''Cultural Landscapes''''' ===

''All over the world, the economic activities of mankind leave their mark on the landscape. Depending on land use, topography and climate, cultural landscapes differ greatly. Besides covering the preservation and rehabilitation of particular cultural landscapes, this issue of Topos focuses mainly on the transformations of landscapes and the challenges for planners involved. Examples range from an Italian wind farm to Bangkok's aquacultural landscape.''

*'''Moderini, Daniela and Selano, Giovanni: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/01_windscapes.pdf Windscapes]''''' The experimental wind farms of San Chirico and Spina combine renewable energy and information technologies with the region's distinguished culture to create an innovative strategy for communicating the landscape's inherent complexity. '''(Lukas Spriestersbach)'''

*'''Briand, Gilles and Mousquet, François-Xavier: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/d26ec62d_Basin.pdf Reversing the Image of a Coal Basin]''''' Long regarded as a serious handicap, the coal basin's brownfield sites in the French Nord Pas de Calais region, heritage of a glorious industrial past, constitute an experimental laboratory for the regeneration of derelict post-industrial land. '''(Andreia V. Quintas)'''

*'''Bokern, Anneke: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/03_westergasfabriek.pdf Westergasfabriek Cultural Park]''''' The interim cultural uses of the former gasworks in Amsterdam led to converting the grounds into a "cultural park". The design intends to demonstrate transformations in the relationship between humans and nature over the last century.

*'''McGrath, Brian and Thaitakoo, Danai: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/f2dd7b91_Agri.pdf Bangkok`s Agri- and Aquacultural Fringe]''''' Bangkok's contemporary transportation system reflects ancient layers of waterborne urbanism overlaid with a modern automobile-driven metropolis. Between these conditions, a fresh opportunity arises to re-assess the composite cultural landscape for future bio-energy production.

*'''Dailami, Ahmed and Doherty, Gareth: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/05_bahrain.pdf Cultural Continuums in Bahrain]''''' Bahrain is experiencing a tumultuous period of restructuring and expansion with an architectural language rooted in a silently salient binary of traditional versus contemporary. Transition and change are not new to Bahrain, having formed an assortment of landscapes that speak of a far more varied and complex place.

*'''Akerlund, Ulrika : ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/06_russian_country.pdf Russian Coutnry Estates]''''' Primarily a country base for the bourgeois, the usadba had a significant social role in pre-revolutionary Russia. Although many are now in ruins, and the needs and structure of society have changed, the agency of the usadba as a cultural hub and focus for rural communities is being rediscovered.

*'''O'Donnell, Patricia M.: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/07_designed_landscapes.pdf Preserving Designed Cultural Landscapes]''''' There is a broad legacy of cultural landscapes as designed, evolved, relic and associative properties in the USA. While cultural landscapes of all types hold interest for the planning professions, understanding the designed landscape and intervening to further its preservation is most readily taken up by design professionals.

*'''Playdon, Dennis: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/c9811c28_Acoma.pdf Acoma - A Landscape of Settlement]''''' There is a broad legacy of cultural landscapes as designed, evolved, relic and associative properties in the USA. While cultural landscapes of all types hold interest for the planning professions, understanding the designed landscape and intervening to further its preservation is most readily taken up by design professionals.'''(Jovana Kovacevic)'''

*'''Shannon, Kelly: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/09_drosscape.pdf Drosscape]''''' New landscapes are continuously created while others are destroyed. The cultural landscapes of the 21st century include the globe's vast post-industrial landscapes, and territories simply consumed by sprawling development. '''(Ieva Kiesnere)'''

*'''Krebs, Stefanie: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/10_land_art.pdf Art and Landscape]''''' Artscape Nordland presents 33 works of art in the Norwegian fjord landscape. Different positions on art and landscape range from staging elementary forces and creating spaces for social interaction to re-romanticization and the sublime.

*'''Schmitz, Martin: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/11_lucius_burckhardt.pdf The Strollology of Lucius Burckhardt]''''' The political economist, sociologist, art historian and planning theorist Lucius Burckhardt founded "strollology" in the 1980s at the University of Kassel, Germany. It deals with human perception and its feedback into planning and building.

*'''Ranatunga, Priyanka: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/12_tsunami.pdf Cultural Landscape and Tsunami Resettlement]''''' Following the 2004 tsunami in Sri Lanka, landscape architects re-interpreted ancient human settlement patterns in order to re-locate affected peoples into culturally and ecological sensitive communities.

*'''Adams, Ann: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/13_holistic_landscape.pdf Dimbangombe Project – A Holistic Landscape Approach]''''' Over the past decade there has been increasing interest in natural capitalism and a holistic approach to resource management. The Dimbangombe Project in Zimbabwe focuses on creating a healthy landscape.

*'''Yu, Kongjian: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/14_china.pdf Positioning Contemporary Landscape Architecture in China]''''' In an era of multiple unprecedented challenges imposed by the processes of industrialization and urbanization, landscape architecture is now on the verge of change in China. It is time for this profession to take the great opportunity to position itself to play the key role in rebuilding the Land of Peach Blossoms for a new society of urbanized, globalized and inter-connected people. '''(Hua Shu,Lu Sun,Ya Li)'''

=== '''Topos 58/2007 ''City Strategies''''' ===

''Cities are responsible for accommodating most of the world population. Cities grow; big ones get even bigger; new satellite towns are supposed to ease the strain on city centres. Urban planners therefore face major tasks in creating liveable urban environments for millions of people. Topos presents examples of urban design strategies, in Sydney, Shanghai, Dubai, London, Madrid, Chicago, Vancouver and Bogotá.''

*'''Hawken, Scott: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/01_sydney.pdf Sydney – City of Landscapes]''''' Since the 2000 Olympics, and in light of an ongoing explosion in population, the need for a drastic overhaul of Sydney's urban system has become clear. A series of new landscape projects provide physical models that respond to diverse planning challenges.

*'''Kögel, Eduard: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/02_shanghai01.pdf Metropolitan Region Shanghai]''''' The town planning history of Shanghai has taken many turns with political change in the past century. A consistent planning strategy could not be implemented until the 1990s when development really took off. The achievements will be presented to an international audience at the World Expo 2010. '''(Yan Hu, Lei li)'''

*'''Ruff, Stefanie and Dong, Nannan: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/03_shanghai02.pdf Managing Urban Growth in Shanghai]''''' The targeted urbanisation of Shanghai's suburbs leads to a decentralized growth that forms a polycentric regional network. New Towns take various Western urban developments as their models.'''(John Sun)''' '''(Runzi Luo)'''

*'''Woodman, Ellis: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/04_london.pdf Livingstone's London]''''' Mayor Ken Livingstone has already had considerable impact on London's built environment, but in the coming years his policies are set to transform the city to an unprecedented degree.

*'''Ng, Waikeen and Vegara, Alfonso: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/05_madrid.pdf Spain's Growing Capital City]''''' Large infrastructure projects represent a major step forward for Madrid's transport planning, preparing the city for the future – and the next Olympic bid.

*'''Davis, Mike : ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/06_dubai.pdf Fear and Money in Dubai]''''' Some may consider Dubai the prototype of the 21st century metropolis. Mike Davis describes the luxury urban enclave as the apotheosis of neo-liberalism. Petrodollars are invested in fantasy worlds and architectural landmarks to establish the city as a brand on the world market.

*'''Burger, Don, Roehr, Daniel and Soules, Matthew: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/07_vancouver.pdf Mirage Metropolis]''''' Vancouver has become such a global model for urbanism that Vancouverism refers to the twin ideals of increased residential density and liveability in the city core. The article critically reflects on this approach which, despite its many failings, nevertheless creates new possibilities for landscape.

*'''Lindke, Lybra: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/08_chicago01.pdf Chicago's Green Strategies]''''' Long since considered an industrial and economic workhorse within the United States, Chicago's approach to redefining its greenscape has changed its reputation from a city laden with underutilized and vacant manufacturing and industrial sites to a city striving to become a model for comprehensive green urbanism.

*'''Chappell, Jim: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/09_chicago02.pdf Chicago Central Area Plan]''''' Subtitled "Preparing the Central City for the 21st Century", the Chicago Central Area Plan is nothing less than the next step in Chicago's hundred-year quest to build the world's greatest city, and build it according to a plan.

*'''Fajardo, Martha Cecilia and Kawashima, Noboru: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/10_bogota.pdf Bogotá Transformations]''''' Implementation of a series of masterplans in recent years has turned Bogotá from a chaotic, unsafe city into a capital with a progressive transport system, public parks, pedestrian and cycle networks.

*'''van Oers, Ron: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=1481 Safeguarding the Historic Urban Landscape]''''' More and more historic cities adopt strategies and policies that assign an important role to heritage in the city's social and economic development. A well-managed historic urban landscape is a strong competitive tool as it attracts not only tourists, but capital and residents as well. It is essential to establish an active partnership between conservation and development. ('''Mirjana Jovanovic''', '''Nada Jadzic''')

Literature and Resources Cultural Landscapes 2010

2010-05-10T20:23:54Z

Ieva Kiesnere: /* Responses of cultural landscapes to changing natural processes */

'''[http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Cultural_Landscapes_2010 Back to Seminar Outline]'''

== Thematic fields according to the 2010 ECLAS conference "Cultural Landscapes" ==
[[Image:100410 cultural landscapes mind map.jpeg|thumb|1050px|Thematic map "Cultural Landscapes"|none]]

=== Cultural Landscapes: Education, research methods and approaches ===
''such as profession based education, multi-disciplinary education, interdisciplinary education etc.''

*'''Latz, Peter: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_33_2000/02_time_visible.pdf The idea of making time visible] Topos 33/2000'''''
** Roya Sabri: [[The idea of making time visible - concept map]]

*'''Author: ''[moodle link Title] Topos issue'''''
** Student name: [[Title - concept map]]

=== Responses of cultural landscapes to changing natural processes ===
''such as climate change, re-colonization of abandoned lands, impact of emerging need for sustainability etc.''

*'''Latz, Peter: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_33_2000/02_time_visible.pdf The idea of making time visible] Topos 33/2000'''''
** Roya Sabri: [[The idea of making time visible - concept map]]

*'''Yu, Kongjian: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/14_china.pdf Positioning Contemporary Landscape Architecture in China] Topos 56/2006'''''
** Hua Shu,Lu Sun,Ya Li: [[Landscape Architecture in China - concept map]]

*'''Shannon, Kelly: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/09_drosscape.pdf Drosscape ]Topos 56/2006'''''
** Ieva Kiesnere: [[Drosscape.jpeg - concept map]]

=== Landscapes as a reflection of changing cultural processes ===
''such as globalization, multiculturalism, emerging awareness to sustainability, etc.''

*'''Playdon, Dennis: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/c9811c28_Acoma.pdf Acoma - A Landscape of Settlement] Topos 56/2006'''''
** Jovana Kovacevic: [[Concept map Acoma - Landscape of Settlement.jpg]]

*'''Ruff, Stefanie and Dong, Nannan: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/03_shanghai02.pdf Managing Urban Growth in Shanghai] Topos 58/2007'''''
** Runzi Luo: [[Urban Growth in Shanghai - concept map]]

*'''Briand, Gilles and Mousquet, François-Xavier: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/d26ec62d_Basin.pdf Reversing the Image of a Coal Basin] Topos 56/2006'''''
** Andreia V. Quintas [[Reversing Image Coal Basin - Conceptual Map.jpg]]

=== Technology as a driver of cultural landscape change ===
''such as international styles, disappearing vernacular styles as a result of increased visual images through internet as well as advanced technology to enable new construction methods and techniques and capability to use new materials or recycled materials, etc.''

*'''Latz, Peter: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_33_2000/02_time_visible.pdf The idea of making time visible] Topos 33/2000'''''
** Roya Sabri: [[The idea of making time visible - concept map]]

*'''Author: ''[moodle link Title] Topos issue'''''
** Student name: [[Title - concept map]]

'''[http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Cultural_Landscapes_2010 Back to Seminar Outline]'''

== Articles for reading exercise ==

* Dear students, please choose your favourite article here and write your name(s) behind it.
* Then create a concept map until Tuesday, May 11, 2010, with one of the recommended programs and make sure it has a suitable resolution for this WIKI (400x800 pix) and the contents are readible on screen.
* In addition, please copy the article quotation (author, moodle link, title) and paste it according to the given structure and the respective ECLAS thematic field above that you think might fit best.
* If your article relates to more than one theme, please copy the title also to any other appropriate section.
* In a last step, you upload your concept map illustration (jpg) with a suitable title to the WIKI and add it together with your name to your article (as shown in the prestructure). It will later be linked with the respective article on a new WIKI page.

=== '''Topos 26/1999 ''IBA - a renewal concept for a region ''''' ===

''The focus of Topos 26 is on one region in one country: the Emscher region in North Rhine-Westphalia, a part of the Ruhr district. Once the industrial heart of Europe, the site of ruthless industrialization, it had overslept structural change. Now it is the home of the IBA (International Building Exhibition) Emscher Park.

*'''Schäfer, Robert: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_26_1999/01_iba_emscher_park.pdf Emscher Park Building Exhibition: a motor of structural change]''''' In 1999, the IBA presents the outcome of projects and plans concerned with the regeneration of an old industrial region.

*'''Pehnt, Wolfgang: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_26_1999/02_iba_emscher_park.pdf Changes have to take place in people's heads first]''''' The IBA Emscher Park has provided the Ruhr with a new identity and opened up new paths, both in the outside world and in people's minds.

*'''Dettmar, Jörg: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_26_1999/04_iba_emscher_park.pdf Wilderness or park?]''''' The Leftover Land Project taking place as part of the Emscher Park IBA introduces the concept of "industrial nature".

*'''Poblotzki, Ursula: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_26_1999/05_iba_emscher_park.pdf Transformation of a landscape]''''' The Ruhr is witnessing the application of urban green planning principles to a whole region as a motor of structural change.('''Yiting Wei,Chengkang Ye''')

*'''Schwarze-Rodrian, Michael: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_26_1999/06_iba_emscher_park.pdf Intercommunal co-operation in the Emscher Landscape Park]''''' The new regional park in the Ruhr area could only have been planned and built by going across all borders. A concept and its strategies. '''(Isin Barut)'''

*'''Weilacher, Udo: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_26_1999/07_iba_emscher_park.pdf Rusty-brown and Phacelia blue – landmark art by the IBA]''''' Mountains, rivers, churches or castles often lend character to landscapes. In the Ruhr, artistic landmarks help perform this role.

*'''Diedrich, Lisa: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_26_1999/08_iba_emscher_park.pdf No politics, no park: the Duisburg-Nord model]''''' The Duisburg-Nord Landscape Park exemplifies the close co-operation between IBA managers and designers.

*'''Wachten, Kunibert: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_26_1999/11_iba_emscher_park.pdf Housing developments in integrated sites]''''' The revived culture of the Ruhr area housing estates features new construction with moderate densities and makes use of historic capital.

=== '''Topos 33/2000 ''Intention and Reality''''' ===

''The urban future will be happening in the periphery because the core is usually occupied by history. Only Berlin had the unique opportunity to build the future right in the centre of town.''

*'''Isman, Fabio: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_33_2000/01_cultural_assets.pdf Landscape as cultural assets]''''' Half of Italy is protected from development, yet the danger of famous landscapes being covered up with concrete still remains.

*'''Latz, Peter: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_33_2000/02_time_visible.pdf The idea of making time visible]''''' Landscape architecture shows ecology as art that realises abstract ideas interpreting spatial patterns. '''(Roya Sabri)'''

=== '''Topos 44/2003 ''Conversion''''' ===

''Perforations, shrinkage, intermediate city – we know the terms for these processes but are not so sure about solutions for the problems caused by this landscape change. In any case, landscape is always involved.''

*'''Christiaanse, Kees: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/b6eea36d_H__fen.pdf New urbanism in former harbours] ''''' Colourful archipelago districts are appearing in harbour areas. Radically mixed uses provide an example for the whole city. '''(Koesler Barbara, Kazubski Sebastian)'''

*'''Leppert, Stefan: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/fb572c9b_Westpark.pdf Westpark Bochum, Germany]''''' Mainly involving provision of access to existing elements, the concept for the park at a former steelworks is a simple one.

*'''Weilacher, Udo and Dettmar, Jörg: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_44_2003/01_process.pdf Landscape as a process]''''' The city is wherever an urban lifestyle is. That means it is almost everywhere. What role does that give landscape?

*'''Prominski, Martin: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/bb305df8_Surplus.pdf Surplus land - Perspectives for the cultural landscape]''''' Farmers are going; new settlers are coming. Students at TU Berlin developed ideas for a different land use.

=== '''Topos 53/2005 ''Traffic''''' ===

''Bridges, roads, airports, boulevards, bicycle paths or railway tracks ? the range of traffic structures that should not only be well planned but also attractively designed in the context of their urban or rural surroundings is very broad.''

*'''Pachnicke, Peter: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_53_2005/01_ruhr_area.pdf The Bridge Landscape of Emscher Park]''''' Rehabilitating the River Emscher, misused as a wastewater canal, forms the foundation for redesigning the industrial landscape in the Ruhr district. The artistic bridges in the network of hiking and cycling trails are symbols of the new landscape.

*'''Suwanarit, Asan: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/c12884f6_Bangkok.pdf The Skytrain in Bangkok]''''' The enormous elevated structure of the Bangkok Transit System, commonly known as the Skytrain, has radically changed the means of experiencing passing through the heart of Bangkok's downtown. Today, this structure is continuing its transformation as a complex dynamic across this metropolitan landscape.

*'''Becker, Carlo W.: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_53_2005/02_leipzig.pdf Across the Periphery – Leipzig North]''''' In response to the strong transformation processes of past decades, the City of Leipzig commissioned a spatial concept for its periphery. bgmr Landscape Architects developed an urban cultural landscape.

*'''Detzlhofer, Anna: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_53_2005/03_vienna.pdf Landscape Becomes Established]''''' Large-scale modelling of the terrain integrates a new motorway on the south periphery of Vienna with the landscape. Geometrically shaped landmarks facilitate orientation for drivers and local residents.

=== '''Topos 56/2006 ''Cultural Landscapes''''' ===

''All over the world, the economic activities of mankind leave their mark on the landscape. Depending on land use, topography and climate, cultural landscapes differ greatly. Besides covering the preservation and rehabilitation of particular cultural landscapes, this issue of Topos focuses mainly on the transformations of landscapes and the challenges for planners involved. Examples range from an Italian wind farm to Bangkok's aquacultural landscape.''

*'''Moderini, Daniela and Selano, Giovanni: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/01_windscapes.pdf Windscapes]''''' The experimental wind farms of San Chirico and Spina combine renewable energy and information technologies with the region's distinguished culture to create an innovative strategy for communicating the landscape's inherent complexity. '''(Lukas Spriestersbach)'''

*'''Briand, Gilles and Mousquet, François-Xavier: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/d26ec62d_Basin.pdf Reversing the Image of a Coal Basin]''''' Long regarded as a serious handicap, the coal basin's brownfield sites in the French Nord Pas de Calais region, heritage of a glorious industrial past, constitute an experimental laboratory for the regeneration of derelict post-industrial land. '''(Andreia V. Quintas)'''

*'''Bokern, Anneke: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/03_westergasfabriek.pdf Westergasfabriek Cultural Park]''''' The interim cultural uses of the former gasworks in Amsterdam led to converting the grounds into a "cultural park". The design intends to demonstrate transformations in the relationship between humans and nature over the last century.

*'''McGrath, Brian and Thaitakoo, Danai: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/f2dd7b91_Agri.pdf Bangkok`s Agri- and Aquacultural Fringe]''''' Bangkok's contemporary transportation system reflects ancient layers of waterborne urbanism overlaid with a modern automobile-driven metropolis. Between these conditions, a fresh opportunity arises to re-assess the composite cultural landscape for future bio-energy production.

*'''Dailami, Ahmed and Doherty, Gareth: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/05_bahrain.pdf Cultural Continuums in Bahrain]''''' Bahrain is experiencing a tumultuous period of restructuring and expansion with an architectural language rooted in a silently salient binary of traditional versus contemporary. Transition and change are not new to Bahrain, having formed an assortment of landscapes that speak of a far more varied and complex place.

*'''Akerlund, Ulrika : ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/06_russian_country.pdf Russian Coutnry Estates]''''' Primarily a country base for the bourgeois, the usadba had a significant social role in pre-revolutionary Russia. Although many are now in ruins, and the needs and structure of society have changed, the agency of the usadba as a cultural hub and focus for rural communities is being rediscovered.

*'''O'Donnell, Patricia M.: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/07_designed_landscapes.pdf Preserving Designed Cultural Landscapes]''''' There is a broad legacy of cultural landscapes as designed, evolved, relic and associative properties in the USA. While cultural landscapes of all types hold interest for the planning professions, understanding the designed landscape and intervening to further its preservation is most readily taken up by design professionals.

*'''Playdon, Dennis: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/c9811c28_Acoma.pdf Acoma - A Landscape of Settlement]''''' There is a broad legacy of cultural landscapes as designed, evolved, relic and associative properties in the USA. While cultural landscapes of all types hold interest for the planning professions, understanding the designed landscape and intervening to further its preservation is most readily taken up by design professionals.'''(Jovana Kovacevic)'''

*'''Shannon, Kelly: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/09_drosscape.pdf Drosscape]''''' New landscapes are continuously created while others are destroyed. The cultural landscapes of the 21st century include the globe's vast post-industrial landscapes, and territories simply consumed by sprawling development. '''(Ieva Kiesnere)'''

*'''Krebs, Stefanie: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/10_land_art.pdf Art and Landscape]''''' Artscape Nordland presents 33 works of art in the Norwegian fjord landscape. Different positions on art and landscape range from staging elementary forces and creating spaces for social interaction to re-romanticization and the sublime.

*'''Schmitz, Martin: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/11_lucius_burckhardt.pdf The Strollology of Lucius Burckhardt]''''' The political economist, sociologist, art historian and planning theorist Lucius Burckhardt founded "strollology" in the 1980s at the University of Kassel, Germany. It deals with human perception and its feedback into planning and building.

*'''Ranatunga, Priyanka: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/12_tsunami.pdf Cultural Landscape and Tsunami Resettlement]''''' Following the 2004 tsunami in Sri Lanka, landscape architects re-interpreted ancient human settlement patterns in order to re-locate affected peoples into culturally and ecological sensitive communities.

*'''Adams, Ann: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/13_holistic_landscape.pdf Dimbangombe Project – A Holistic Landscape Approach]''''' Over the past decade there has been increasing interest in natural capitalism and a holistic approach to resource management. The Dimbangombe Project in Zimbabwe focuses on creating a healthy landscape.

*'''Yu, Kongjian: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/14_china.pdf Positioning Contemporary Landscape Architecture in China]''''' In an era of multiple unprecedented challenges imposed by the processes of industrialization and urbanization, landscape architecture is now on the verge of change in China. It is time for this profession to take the great opportunity to position itself to play the key role in rebuilding the Land of Peach Blossoms for a new society of urbanized, globalized and inter-connected people. '''(Hua Shu,Lu Sun,Ya Li)'''

=== '''Topos 58/2007 ''City Strategies''''' ===

''Cities are responsible for accommodating most of the world population. Cities grow; big ones get even bigger; new satellite towns are supposed to ease the strain on city centres. Urban planners therefore face major tasks in creating liveable urban environments for millions of people. Topos presents examples of urban design strategies, in Sydney, Shanghai, Dubai, London, Madrid, Chicago, Vancouver and Bogotá.''

*'''Hawken, Scott: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/01_sydney.pdf Sydney – City of Landscapes]''''' Since the 2000 Olympics, and in light of an ongoing explosion in population, the need for a drastic overhaul of Sydney's urban system has become clear. A series of new landscape projects provide physical models that respond to diverse planning challenges.

*'''Kögel, Eduard: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/02_shanghai01.pdf Metropolitan Region Shanghai]''''' The town planning history of Shanghai has taken many turns with political change in the past century. A consistent planning strategy could not be implemented until the 1990s when development really took off. The achievements will be presented to an international audience at the World Expo 2010. '''(Yan Hu, Lei li)'''

*'''Ruff, Stefanie and Dong, Nannan: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/03_shanghai02.pdf Managing Urban Growth in Shanghai]''''' The targeted urbanisation of Shanghai's suburbs leads to a decentralized growth that forms a polycentric regional network. New Towns take various Western urban developments as their models.'''(John Sun)''' '''(Runzi Luo)'''

*'''Woodman, Ellis: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/04_london.pdf Livingstone's London]''''' Mayor Ken Livingstone has already had considerable impact on London's built environment, but in the coming years his policies are set to transform the city to an unprecedented degree.

*'''Ng, Waikeen and Vegara, Alfonso: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/05_madrid.pdf Spain's Growing Capital City]''''' Large infrastructure projects represent a major step forward for Madrid's transport planning, preparing the city for the future – and the next Olympic bid.

*'''Davis, Mike : ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/06_dubai.pdf Fear and Money in Dubai]''''' Some may consider Dubai the prototype of the 21st century metropolis. Mike Davis describes the luxury urban enclave as the apotheosis of neo-liberalism. Petrodollars are invested in fantasy worlds and architectural landmarks to establish the city as a brand on the world market.

*'''Burger, Don, Roehr, Daniel and Soules, Matthew: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/07_vancouver.pdf Mirage Metropolis]''''' Vancouver has become such a global model for urbanism that Vancouverism refers to the twin ideals of increased residential density and liveability in the city core. The article critically reflects on this approach which, despite its many failings, nevertheless creates new possibilities for landscape.

*'''Lindke, Lybra: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/08_chicago01.pdf Chicago's Green Strategies]''''' Long since considered an industrial and economic workhorse within the United States, Chicago's approach to redefining its greenscape has changed its reputation from a city laden with underutilized and vacant manufacturing and industrial sites to a city striving to become a model for comprehensive green urbanism.

*'''Chappell, Jim: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/09_chicago02.pdf Chicago Central Area Plan]''''' Subtitled "Preparing the Central City for the 21st Century", the Chicago Central Area Plan is nothing less than the next step in Chicago's hundred-year quest to build the world's greatest city, and build it according to a plan.

*'''Fajardo, Martha Cecilia and Kawashima, Noboru: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/10_bogota.pdf Bogotá Transformations]''''' Implementation of a series of masterplans in recent years has turned Bogotá from a chaotic, unsafe city into a capital with a progressive transport system, public parks, pedestrian and cycle networks.

*'''van Oers, Ron: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=1481 Safeguarding the Historic Urban Landscape]''''' More and more historic cities adopt strategies and policies that assign an important role to heritage in the city's social and economic development. A well-managed historic urban landscape is a strong competitive tool as it attracts not only tourists, but capital and residents as well. It is essential to establish an active partnership between conservation and development. ('''Mirjana Jovanovic''', '''Nada Jadzic''')

File:Drosscape.jpeg

2010-05-10T20:23:15Z

Ieva Kiesnere:

Literature and Resources Cultural Landscapes 2010

2010-05-10T20:18:17Z

Ieva Kiesnere: /* Responses of cultural landscapes to changing natural processes */

'''[http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Cultural_Landscapes_2010 Back to Seminar Outline]'''

== Thematic fields according to the 2010 ECLAS conference "Cultural Landscapes" ==
[[Image:100410 cultural landscapes mind map.jpeg|thumb|1050px|Thematic map "Cultural Landscapes"|none]]

=== Cultural Landscapes: Education, research methods and approaches ===
''such as profession based education, multi-disciplinary education, interdisciplinary education etc.''

*'''Latz, Peter: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_33_2000/02_time_visible.pdf The idea of making time visible] Topos 33/2000'''''
** Roya Sabri: [[The idea of making time visible - concept map]]

*'''Author: ''[moodle link Title] Topos issue'''''
** Student name: [[Title - concept map]]

=== Responses of cultural landscapes to changing natural processes ===
''such as climate change, re-colonization of abandoned lands, impact of emerging need for sustainability etc.''

*'''Latz, Peter: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_33_2000/02_time_visible.pdf The idea of making time visible] Topos 33/2000'''''
** Roya Sabri: [[The idea of making time visible - concept map]]

*'''Yu, Kongjian: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/14_china.pdf Positioning Contemporary Landscape Architecture in China] Topos 56/2006'''''
** Hua Shu,Lu Sun,Ya Li: [[Landscape Architecture in China - concept map]]

*'''Shannon, Kelly: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/09_drosscape.pdf Drosscape ]Topos 56/2006'''''
** Ieva Kiesnere: [[Concept map Ieva Kiesnere Latvia - concept map]]

=== Landscapes as a reflection of changing cultural processes ===
''such as globalization, multiculturalism, emerging awareness to sustainability, etc.''

*'''Playdon, Dennis: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/c9811c28_Acoma.pdf Acoma - A Landscape of Settlement] Topos 56/2006'''''
** Jovana Kovacevic: [[Concept map Acoma - Landscape of Settlement.jpg]]

*'''Ruff, Stefanie and Dong, Nannan: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/03_shanghai02.pdf Managing Urban Growth in Shanghai] Topos 58/2007'''''
** Runzi Luo: [[Urban Growth in Shanghai - concept map]]

*'''Briand, Gilles and Mousquet, François-Xavier: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/d26ec62d_Basin.pdf Reversing the Image of a Coal Basin] Topos 56/2006'''''
** Andreia V. Quintas [[Reversing Image Coal Basin - Conceptual Map.jpg]]

=== Technology as a driver of cultural landscape change ===
''such as international styles, disappearing vernacular styles as a result of increased visual images through internet as well as advanced technology to enable new construction methods and techniques and capability to use new materials or recycled materials, etc.''

*'''Latz, Peter: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_33_2000/02_time_visible.pdf The idea of making time visible] Topos 33/2000'''''
** Roya Sabri: [[The idea of making time visible - concept map]]

*'''Author: ''[moodle link Title] Topos issue'''''
** Student name: [[Title - concept map]]

'''[http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Cultural_Landscapes_2010 Back to Seminar Outline]'''

== Articles for reading exercise ==

* Dear students, please choose your favourite article here and write your name(s) behind it.
* Then create a concept map until Tuesday, May 11, 2010, with one of the recommended programs and make sure it has a suitable resolution for this WIKI (400x800 pix) and the contents are readible on screen.
* In addition, please copy the article quotation (author, moodle link, title) and paste it according to the given structure and the respective ECLAS thematic field above that you think might fit best.
* If your article relates to more than one theme, please copy the title also to any other appropriate section.
* In a last step, you upload your concept map illustration (jpg) with a suitable title to the WIKI and add it together with your name to your article (as shown in the prestructure). It will later be linked with the respective article on a new WIKI page.

=== '''Topos 26/1999 ''IBA - a renewal concept for a region ''''' ===

''The focus of Topos 26 is on one region in one country: the Emscher region in North Rhine-Westphalia, a part of the Ruhr district. Once the industrial heart of Europe, the site of ruthless industrialization, it had overslept structural change. Now it is the home of the IBA (International Building Exhibition) Emscher Park.

*'''Schäfer, Robert: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_26_1999/01_iba_emscher_park.pdf Emscher Park Building Exhibition: a motor of structural change]''''' In 1999, the IBA presents the outcome of projects and plans concerned with the regeneration of an old industrial region.

*'''Pehnt, Wolfgang: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_26_1999/02_iba_emscher_park.pdf Changes have to take place in people's heads first]''''' The IBA Emscher Park has provided the Ruhr with a new identity and opened up new paths, both in the outside world and in people's minds.

*'''Dettmar, Jörg: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_26_1999/04_iba_emscher_park.pdf Wilderness or park?]''''' The Leftover Land Project taking place as part of the Emscher Park IBA introduces the concept of "industrial nature".

*'''Poblotzki, Ursula: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_26_1999/05_iba_emscher_park.pdf Transformation of a landscape]''''' The Ruhr is witnessing the application of urban green planning principles to a whole region as a motor of structural change.('''Yiting Wei,Chengkang Ye''')

*'''Schwarze-Rodrian, Michael: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_26_1999/06_iba_emscher_park.pdf Intercommunal co-operation in the Emscher Landscape Park]''''' The new regional park in the Ruhr area could only have been planned and built by going across all borders. A concept and its strategies. '''(Isin Barut)'''

*'''Weilacher, Udo: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_26_1999/07_iba_emscher_park.pdf Rusty-brown and Phacelia blue – landmark art by the IBA]''''' Mountains, rivers, churches or castles often lend character to landscapes. In the Ruhr, artistic landmarks help perform this role.

*'''Diedrich, Lisa: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_26_1999/08_iba_emscher_park.pdf No politics, no park: the Duisburg-Nord model]''''' The Duisburg-Nord Landscape Park exemplifies the close co-operation between IBA managers and designers.

*'''Wachten, Kunibert: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_26_1999/11_iba_emscher_park.pdf Housing developments in integrated sites]''''' The revived culture of the Ruhr area housing estates features new construction with moderate densities and makes use of historic capital.

=== '''Topos 33/2000 ''Intention and Reality''''' ===

''The urban future will be happening in the periphery because the core is usually occupied by history. Only Berlin had the unique opportunity to build the future right in the centre of town.''

*'''Isman, Fabio: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_33_2000/01_cultural_assets.pdf Landscape as cultural assets]''''' Half of Italy is protected from development, yet the danger of famous landscapes being covered up with concrete still remains.

*'''Latz, Peter: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_33_2000/02_time_visible.pdf The idea of making time visible]''''' Landscape architecture shows ecology as art that realises abstract ideas interpreting spatial patterns. '''(Roya Sabri)'''

=== '''Topos 44/2003 ''Conversion''''' ===

''Perforations, shrinkage, intermediate city – we know the terms for these processes but are not so sure about solutions for the problems caused by this landscape change. In any case, landscape is always involved.''

*'''Christiaanse, Kees: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/b6eea36d_H__fen.pdf New urbanism in former harbours] ''''' Colourful archipelago districts are appearing in harbour areas. Radically mixed uses provide an example for the whole city. '''(Koesler Barbara, Kazubski Sebastian)'''

*'''Leppert, Stefan: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/fb572c9b_Westpark.pdf Westpark Bochum, Germany]''''' Mainly involving provision of access to existing elements, the concept for the park at a former steelworks is a simple one.

*'''Weilacher, Udo and Dettmar, Jörg: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_44_2003/01_process.pdf Landscape as a process]''''' The city is wherever an urban lifestyle is. That means it is almost everywhere. What role does that give landscape?

*'''Prominski, Martin: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/bb305df8_Surplus.pdf Surplus land - Perspectives for the cultural landscape]''''' Farmers are going; new settlers are coming. Students at TU Berlin developed ideas for a different land use.

=== '''Topos 53/2005 ''Traffic''''' ===

''Bridges, roads, airports, boulevards, bicycle paths or railway tracks ? the range of traffic structures that should not only be well planned but also attractively designed in the context of their urban or rural surroundings is very broad.''

*'''Pachnicke, Peter: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_53_2005/01_ruhr_area.pdf The Bridge Landscape of Emscher Park]''''' Rehabilitating the River Emscher, misused as a wastewater canal, forms the foundation for redesigning the industrial landscape in the Ruhr district. The artistic bridges in the network of hiking and cycling trails are symbols of the new landscape.

*'''Suwanarit, Asan: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/c12884f6_Bangkok.pdf The Skytrain in Bangkok]''''' The enormous elevated structure of the Bangkok Transit System, commonly known as the Skytrain, has radically changed the means of experiencing passing through the heart of Bangkok's downtown. Today, this structure is continuing its transformation as a complex dynamic across this metropolitan landscape.

*'''Becker, Carlo W.: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_53_2005/02_leipzig.pdf Across the Periphery – Leipzig North]''''' In response to the strong transformation processes of past decades, the City of Leipzig commissioned a spatial concept for its periphery. bgmr Landscape Architects developed an urban cultural landscape.

*'''Detzlhofer, Anna: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_53_2005/03_vienna.pdf Landscape Becomes Established]''''' Large-scale modelling of the terrain integrates a new motorway on the south periphery of Vienna with the landscape. Geometrically shaped landmarks facilitate orientation for drivers and local residents.

=== '''Topos 56/2006 ''Cultural Landscapes''''' ===

''All over the world, the economic activities of mankind leave their mark on the landscape. Depending on land use, topography and climate, cultural landscapes differ greatly. Besides covering the preservation and rehabilitation of particular cultural landscapes, this issue of Topos focuses mainly on the transformations of landscapes and the challenges for planners involved. Examples range from an Italian wind farm to Bangkok's aquacultural landscape.''

*'''Moderini, Daniela and Selano, Giovanni: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/01_windscapes.pdf Windscapes]''''' The experimental wind farms of San Chirico and Spina combine renewable energy and information technologies with the region's distinguished culture to create an innovative strategy for communicating the landscape's inherent complexity. '''(Lukas Spriestersbach)'''

*'''Briand, Gilles and Mousquet, François-Xavier: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/d26ec62d_Basin.pdf Reversing the Image of a Coal Basin]''''' Long regarded as a serious handicap, the coal basin's brownfield sites in the French Nord Pas de Calais region, heritage of a glorious industrial past, constitute an experimental laboratory for the regeneration of derelict post-industrial land. '''(Andreia V. Quintas)'''

*'''Bokern, Anneke: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/03_westergasfabriek.pdf Westergasfabriek Cultural Park]''''' The interim cultural uses of the former gasworks in Amsterdam led to converting the grounds into a "cultural park". The design intends to demonstrate transformations in the relationship between humans and nature over the last century.

*'''McGrath, Brian and Thaitakoo, Danai: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/f2dd7b91_Agri.pdf Bangkok`s Agri- and Aquacultural Fringe]''''' Bangkok's contemporary transportation system reflects ancient layers of waterborne urbanism overlaid with a modern automobile-driven metropolis. Between these conditions, a fresh opportunity arises to re-assess the composite cultural landscape for future bio-energy production.

*'''Dailami, Ahmed and Doherty, Gareth: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/05_bahrain.pdf Cultural Continuums in Bahrain]''''' Bahrain is experiencing a tumultuous period of restructuring and expansion with an architectural language rooted in a silently salient binary of traditional versus contemporary. Transition and change are not new to Bahrain, having formed an assortment of landscapes that speak of a far more varied and complex place.

*'''Akerlund, Ulrika : ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/06_russian_country.pdf Russian Coutnry Estates]''''' Primarily a country base for the bourgeois, the usadba had a significant social role in pre-revolutionary Russia. Although many are now in ruins, and the needs and structure of society have changed, the agency of the usadba as a cultural hub and focus for rural communities is being rediscovered.

*'''O'Donnell, Patricia M.: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/07_designed_landscapes.pdf Preserving Designed Cultural Landscapes]''''' There is a broad legacy of cultural landscapes as designed, evolved, relic and associative properties in the USA. While cultural landscapes of all types hold interest for the planning professions, understanding the designed landscape and intervening to further its preservation is most readily taken up by design professionals.

*'''Playdon, Dennis: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/c9811c28_Acoma.pdf Acoma - A Landscape of Settlement]''''' There is a broad legacy of cultural landscapes as designed, evolved, relic and associative properties in the USA. While cultural landscapes of all types hold interest for the planning professions, understanding the designed landscape and intervening to further its preservation is most readily taken up by design professionals.'''(Jovana Kovacevic)'''

*'''Shannon, Kelly: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/09_drosscape.pdf Drosscape]''''' New landscapes are continuously created while others are destroyed. The cultural landscapes of the 21st century include the globe's vast post-industrial landscapes, and territories simply consumed by sprawling development. '''(Ieva Kiesnere)'''

*'''Krebs, Stefanie: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/10_land_art.pdf Art and Landscape]''''' Artscape Nordland presents 33 works of art in the Norwegian fjord landscape. Different positions on art and landscape range from staging elementary forces and creating spaces for social interaction to re-romanticization and the sublime.

*'''Schmitz, Martin: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/11_lucius_burckhardt.pdf The Strollology of Lucius Burckhardt]''''' The political economist, sociologist, art historian and planning theorist Lucius Burckhardt founded "strollology" in the 1980s at the University of Kassel, Germany. It deals with human perception and its feedback into planning and building.

*'''Ranatunga, Priyanka: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/12_tsunami.pdf Cultural Landscape and Tsunami Resettlement]''''' Following the 2004 tsunami in Sri Lanka, landscape architects re-interpreted ancient human settlement patterns in order to re-locate affected peoples into culturally and ecological sensitive communities.

*'''Adams, Ann: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/13_holistic_landscape.pdf Dimbangombe Project – A Holistic Landscape Approach]''''' Over the past decade there has been increasing interest in natural capitalism and a holistic approach to resource management. The Dimbangombe Project in Zimbabwe focuses on creating a healthy landscape.

*'''Yu, Kongjian: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/14_china.pdf Positioning Contemporary Landscape Architecture in China]''''' In an era of multiple unprecedented challenges imposed by the processes of industrialization and urbanization, landscape architecture is now on the verge of change in China. It is time for this profession to take the great opportunity to position itself to play the key role in rebuilding the Land of Peach Blossoms for a new society of urbanized, globalized and inter-connected people. '''(Hua Shu,Lu Sun,Ya Li)'''

=== '''Topos 58/2007 ''City Strategies''''' ===

''Cities are responsible for accommodating most of the world population. Cities grow; big ones get even bigger; new satellite towns are supposed to ease the strain on city centres. Urban planners therefore face major tasks in creating liveable urban environments for millions of people. Topos presents examples of urban design strategies, in Sydney, Shanghai, Dubai, London, Madrid, Chicago, Vancouver and Bogotá.''

*'''Hawken, Scott: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/01_sydney.pdf Sydney – City of Landscapes]''''' Since the 2000 Olympics, and in light of an ongoing explosion in population, the need for a drastic overhaul of Sydney's urban system has become clear. A series of new landscape projects provide physical models that respond to diverse planning challenges.

*'''Kögel, Eduard: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/02_shanghai01.pdf Metropolitan Region Shanghai]''''' The town planning history of Shanghai has taken many turns with political change in the past century. A consistent planning strategy could not be implemented until the 1990s when development really took off. The achievements will be presented to an international audience at the World Expo 2010. '''(Yan Hu, Lei li)'''

*'''Ruff, Stefanie and Dong, Nannan: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/03_shanghai02.pdf Managing Urban Growth in Shanghai]''''' The targeted urbanisation of Shanghai's suburbs leads to a decentralized growth that forms a polycentric regional network. New Towns take various Western urban developments as their models.'''(John Sun)''' '''(Runzi Luo)'''

*'''Woodman, Ellis: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/04_london.pdf Livingstone's London]''''' Mayor Ken Livingstone has already had considerable impact on London's built environment, but in the coming years his policies are set to transform the city to an unprecedented degree.

*'''Ng, Waikeen and Vegara, Alfonso: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/05_madrid.pdf Spain's Growing Capital City]''''' Large infrastructure projects represent a major step forward for Madrid's transport planning, preparing the city for the future – and the next Olympic bid.

*'''Davis, Mike : ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/06_dubai.pdf Fear and Money in Dubai]''''' Some may consider Dubai the prototype of the 21st century metropolis. Mike Davis describes the luxury urban enclave as the apotheosis of neo-liberalism. Petrodollars are invested in fantasy worlds and architectural landmarks to establish the city as a brand on the world market.

*'''Burger, Don, Roehr, Daniel and Soules, Matthew: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/07_vancouver.pdf Mirage Metropolis]''''' Vancouver has become such a global model for urbanism that Vancouverism refers to the twin ideals of increased residential density and liveability in the city core. The article critically reflects on this approach which, despite its many failings, nevertheless creates new possibilities for landscape.

*'''Lindke, Lybra: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/08_chicago01.pdf Chicago's Green Strategies]''''' Long since considered an industrial and economic workhorse within the United States, Chicago's approach to redefining its greenscape has changed its reputation from a city laden with underutilized and vacant manufacturing and industrial sites to a city striving to become a model for comprehensive green urbanism.

*'''Chappell, Jim: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/09_chicago02.pdf Chicago Central Area Plan]''''' Subtitled "Preparing the Central City for the 21st Century", the Chicago Central Area Plan is nothing less than the next step in Chicago's hundred-year quest to build the world's greatest city, and build it according to a plan.

*'''Fajardo, Martha Cecilia and Kawashima, Noboru: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/10_bogota.pdf Bogotá Transformations]''''' Implementation of a series of masterplans in recent years has turned Bogotá from a chaotic, unsafe city into a capital with a progressive transport system, public parks, pedestrian and cycle networks.

*'''van Oers, Ron: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=1481 Safeguarding the Historic Urban Landscape]''''' More and more historic cities adopt strategies and policies that assign an important role to heritage in the city's social and economic development. A well-managed historic urban landscape is a strong competitive tool as it attracts not only tourists, but capital and residents as well. It is essential to establish an active partnership between conservation and development. ('''Mirjana Jovanovic''', '''Nada Jadzic''')

Literature and Resources Cultural Landscapes 2010

2010-05-10T20:17:10Z

Ieva Kiesnere: /* Responses of cultural landscapes to changing natural processes */

'''[http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Cultural_Landscapes_2010 Back to Seminar Outline]'''

== Thematic fields according to the 2010 ECLAS conference "Cultural Landscapes" ==
[[Image:100410 cultural landscapes mind map.jpeg|thumb|1050px|Thematic map "Cultural Landscapes"|none]]

=== Cultural Landscapes: Education, research methods and approaches ===
''such as profession based education, multi-disciplinary education, interdisciplinary education etc.''

*'''Latz, Peter: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_33_2000/02_time_visible.pdf The idea of making time visible] Topos 33/2000'''''
** Roya Sabri: [[The idea of making time visible - concept map]]

*'''Author: ''[moodle link Title] Topos issue'''''
** Student name: [[Title - concept map]]

=== Responses of cultural landscapes to changing natural processes ===
''such as climate change, re-colonization of abandoned lands, impact of emerging need for sustainability etc.''

*'''Latz, Peter: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_33_2000/02_time_visible.pdf The idea of making time visible] Topos 33/2000'''''
** Roya Sabri: [[The idea of making time visible - concept map]]

*'''Yu, Kongjian: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/14_china.pdf Positioning Contemporary Landscape Architecture in China] Topos 56/2006'''''
** Hua Shu,Lu Sun,Ya Li: [[Landscape Architecture in China - concept map]]

*'''Shannon, Kelly: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/09_drosscape.pdf Drosscape ]Topos 56/2006'''''
** Ieva Kiesnere: [[Concept_map_Ieva_Kiesnere_Latvia - concept map]]

=== Landscapes as a reflection of changing cultural processes ===
''such as globalization, multiculturalism, emerging awareness to sustainability, etc.''

*'''Playdon, Dennis: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/c9811c28_Acoma.pdf Acoma - A Landscape of Settlement] Topos 56/2006'''''
** Jovana Kovacevic: [[Concept map Acoma - Landscape of Settlement.jpg]]

*'''Ruff, Stefanie and Dong, Nannan: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/03_shanghai02.pdf Managing Urban Growth in Shanghai] Topos 58/2007'''''
** Runzi Luo: [[Urban Growth in Shanghai - concept map]]

*'''Briand, Gilles and Mousquet, François-Xavier: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/d26ec62d_Basin.pdf Reversing the Image of a Coal Basin] Topos 56/2006'''''
** Andreia V. Quintas [[Reversing Image Coal Basin - Conceptual Map.jpg]]

=== Technology as a driver of cultural landscape change ===
''such as international styles, disappearing vernacular styles as a result of increased visual images through internet as well as advanced technology to enable new construction methods and techniques and capability to use new materials or recycled materials, etc.''

*'''Latz, Peter: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_33_2000/02_time_visible.pdf The idea of making time visible] Topos 33/2000'''''
** Roya Sabri: [[The idea of making time visible - concept map]]

*'''Author: ''[moodle link Title] Topos issue'''''
** Student name: [[Title - concept map]]

'''[http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Cultural_Landscapes_2010 Back to Seminar Outline]'''

== Articles for reading exercise ==

* Dear students, please choose your favourite article here and write your name(s) behind it.
* Then create a concept map until Tuesday, May 11, 2010, with one of the recommended programs and make sure it has a suitable resolution for this WIKI (400x800 pix) and the contents are readible on screen.
* In addition, please copy the article quotation (author, moodle link, title) and paste it according to the given structure and the respective ECLAS thematic field above that you think might fit best.
* If your article relates to more than one theme, please copy the title also to any other appropriate section.
* In a last step, you upload your concept map illustration (jpg) with a suitable title to the WIKI and add it together with your name to your article (as shown in the prestructure). It will later be linked with the respective article on a new WIKI page.

=== '''Topos 26/1999 ''IBA - a renewal concept for a region ''''' ===

''The focus of Topos 26 is on one region in one country: the Emscher region in North Rhine-Westphalia, a part of the Ruhr district. Once the industrial heart of Europe, the site of ruthless industrialization, it had overslept structural change. Now it is the home of the IBA (International Building Exhibition) Emscher Park.

*'''Schäfer, Robert: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_26_1999/01_iba_emscher_park.pdf Emscher Park Building Exhibition: a motor of structural change]''''' In 1999, the IBA presents the outcome of projects and plans concerned with the regeneration of an old industrial region.

*'''Pehnt, Wolfgang: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_26_1999/02_iba_emscher_park.pdf Changes have to take place in people's heads first]''''' The IBA Emscher Park has provided the Ruhr with a new identity and opened up new paths, both in the outside world and in people's minds.

*'''Dettmar, Jörg: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_26_1999/04_iba_emscher_park.pdf Wilderness or park?]''''' The Leftover Land Project taking place as part of the Emscher Park IBA introduces the concept of "industrial nature".

*'''Poblotzki, Ursula: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_26_1999/05_iba_emscher_park.pdf Transformation of a landscape]''''' The Ruhr is witnessing the application of urban green planning principles to a whole region as a motor of structural change.('''Yiting Wei,Chengkang Ye''')

*'''Schwarze-Rodrian, Michael: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_26_1999/06_iba_emscher_park.pdf Intercommunal co-operation in the Emscher Landscape Park]''''' The new regional park in the Ruhr area could only have been planned and built by going across all borders. A concept and its strategies. '''(Isin Barut)'''

*'''Weilacher, Udo: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_26_1999/07_iba_emscher_park.pdf Rusty-brown and Phacelia blue – landmark art by the IBA]''''' Mountains, rivers, churches or castles often lend character to landscapes. In the Ruhr, artistic landmarks help perform this role.

*'''Diedrich, Lisa: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_26_1999/08_iba_emscher_park.pdf No politics, no park: the Duisburg-Nord model]''''' The Duisburg-Nord Landscape Park exemplifies the close co-operation between IBA managers and designers.

*'''Wachten, Kunibert: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_26_1999/11_iba_emscher_park.pdf Housing developments in integrated sites]''''' The revived culture of the Ruhr area housing estates features new construction with moderate densities and makes use of historic capital.

=== '''Topos 33/2000 ''Intention and Reality''''' ===

''The urban future will be happening in the periphery because the core is usually occupied by history. Only Berlin had the unique opportunity to build the future right in the centre of town.''

*'''Isman, Fabio: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_33_2000/01_cultural_assets.pdf Landscape as cultural assets]''''' Half of Italy is protected from development, yet the danger of famous landscapes being covered up with concrete still remains.

*'''Latz, Peter: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_33_2000/02_time_visible.pdf The idea of making time visible]''''' Landscape architecture shows ecology as art that realises abstract ideas interpreting spatial patterns. '''(Roya Sabri)'''

=== '''Topos 44/2003 ''Conversion''''' ===

''Perforations, shrinkage, intermediate city – we know the terms for these processes but are not so sure about solutions for the problems caused by this landscape change. In any case, landscape is always involved.''

*'''Christiaanse, Kees: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/b6eea36d_H__fen.pdf New urbanism in former harbours] ''''' Colourful archipelago districts are appearing in harbour areas. Radically mixed uses provide an example for the whole city. '''(Koesler Barbara, Kazubski Sebastian)'''

*'''Leppert, Stefan: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/fb572c9b_Westpark.pdf Westpark Bochum, Germany]''''' Mainly involving provision of access to existing elements, the concept for the park at a former steelworks is a simple one.

*'''Weilacher, Udo and Dettmar, Jörg: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_44_2003/01_process.pdf Landscape as a process]''''' The city is wherever an urban lifestyle is. That means it is almost everywhere. What role does that give landscape?

*'''Prominski, Martin: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/bb305df8_Surplus.pdf Surplus land - Perspectives for the cultural landscape]''''' Farmers are going; new settlers are coming. Students at TU Berlin developed ideas for a different land use.

=== '''Topos 53/2005 ''Traffic''''' ===

''Bridges, roads, airports, boulevards, bicycle paths or railway tracks ? the range of traffic structures that should not only be well planned but also attractively designed in the context of their urban or rural surroundings is very broad.''

*'''Pachnicke, Peter: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_53_2005/01_ruhr_area.pdf The Bridge Landscape of Emscher Park]''''' Rehabilitating the River Emscher, misused as a wastewater canal, forms the foundation for redesigning the industrial landscape in the Ruhr district. The artistic bridges in the network of hiking and cycling trails are symbols of the new landscape.

*'''Suwanarit, Asan: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/c12884f6_Bangkok.pdf The Skytrain in Bangkok]''''' The enormous elevated structure of the Bangkok Transit System, commonly known as the Skytrain, has radically changed the means of experiencing passing through the heart of Bangkok's downtown. Today, this structure is continuing its transformation as a complex dynamic across this metropolitan landscape.

*'''Becker, Carlo W.: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_53_2005/02_leipzig.pdf Across the Periphery – Leipzig North]''''' In response to the strong transformation processes of past decades, the City of Leipzig commissioned a spatial concept for its periphery. bgmr Landscape Architects developed an urban cultural landscape.

*'''Detzlhofer, Anna: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_53_2005/03_vienna.pdf Landscape Becomes Established]''''' Large-scale modelling of the terrain integrates a new motorway on the south periphery of Vienna with the landscape. Geometrically shaped landmarks facilitate orientation for drivers and local residents.

=== '''Topos 56/2006 ''Cultural Landscapes''''' ===

''All over the world, the economic activities of mankind leave their mark on the landscape. Depending on land use, topography and climate, cultural landscapes differ greatly. Besides covering the preservation and rehabilitation of particular cultural landscapes, this issue of Topos focuses mainly on the transformations of landscapes and the challenges for planners involved. Examples range from an Italian wind farm to Bangkok's aquacultural landscape.''

*'''Moderini, Daniela and Selano, Giovanni: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/01_windscapes.pdf Windscapes]''''' The experimental wind farms of San Chirico and Spina combine renewable energy and information technologies with the region's distinguished culture to create an innovative strategy for communicating the landscape's inherent complexity. '''(Lukas Spriestersbach)'''

*'''Briand, Gilles and Mousquet, François-Xavier: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/d26ec62d_Basin.pdf Reversing the Image of a Coal Basin]''''' Long regarded as a serious handicap, the coal basin's brownfield sites in the French Nord Pas de Calais region, heritage of a glorious industrial past, constitute an experimental laboratory for the regeneration of derelict post-industrial land. '''(Andreia V. Quintas)'''

*'''Bokern, Anneke: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/03_westergasfabriek.pdf Westergasfabriek Cultural Park]''''' The interim cultural uses of the former gasworks in Amsterdam led to converting the grounds into a "cultural park". The design intends to demonstrate transformations in the relationship between humans and nature over the last century.

*'''McGrath, Brian and Thaitakoo, Danai: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/f2dd7b91_Agri.pdf Bangkok`s Agri- and Aquacultural Fringe]''''' Bangkok's contemporary transportation system reflects ancient layers of waterborne urbanism overlaid with a modern automobile-driven metropolis. Between these conditions, a fresh opportunity arises to re-assess the composite cultural landscape for future bio-energy production.

*'''Dailami, Ahmed and Doherty, Gareth: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/05_bahrain.pdf Cultural Continuums in Bahrain]''''' Bahrain is experiencing a tumultuous period of restructuring and expansion with an architectural language rooted in a silently salient binary of traditional versus contemporary. Transition and change are not new to Bahrain, having formed an assortment of landscapes that speak of a far more varied and complex place.

*'''Akerlund, Ulrika : ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/06_russian_country.pdf Russian Coutnry Estates]''''' Primarily a country base for the bourgeois, the usadba had a significant social role in pre-revolutionary Russia. Although many are now in ruins, and the needs and structure of society have changed, the agency of the usadba as a cultural hub and focus for rural communities is being rediscovered.

*'''O'Donnell, Patricia M.: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/07_designed_landscapes.pdf Preserving Designed Cultural Landscapes]''''' There is a broad legacy of cultural landscapes as designed, evolved, relic and associative properties in the USA. While cultural landscapes of all types hold interest for the planning professions, understanding the designed landscape and intervening to further its preservation is most readily taken up by design professionals.

*'''Playdon, Dennis: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/c9811c28_Acoma.pdf Acoma - A Landscape of Settlement]''''' There is a broad legacy of cultural landscapes as designed, evolved, relic and associative properties in the USA. While cultural landscapes of all types hold interest for the planning professions, understanding the designed landscape and intervening to further its preservation is most readily taken up by design professionals.'''(Jovana Kovacevic)'''

*'''Shannon, Kelly: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/09_drosscape.pdf Drosscape]''''' New landscapes are continuously created while others are destroyed. The cultural landscapes of the 21st century include the globe's vast post-industrial landscapes, and territories simply consumed by sprawling development. '''(Ieva Kiesnere)'''

*'''Krebs, Stefanie: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/10_land_art.pdf Art and Landscape]''''' Artscape Nordland presents 33 works of art in the Norwegian fjord landscape. Different positions on art and landscape range from staging elementary forces and creating spaces for social interaction to re-romanticization and the sublime.

*'''Schmitz, Martin: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/11_lucius_burckhardt.pdf The Strollology of Lucius Burckhardt]''''' The political economist, sociologist, art historian and planning theorist Lucius Burckhardt founded "strollology" in the 1980s at the University of Kassel, Germany. It deals with human perception and its feedback into planning and building.

*'''Ranatunga, Priyanka: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/12_tsunami.pdf Cultural Landscape and Tsunami Resettlement]''''' Following the 2004 tsunami in Sri Lanka, landscape architects re-interpreted ancient human settlement patterns in order to re-locate affected peoples into culturally and ecological sensitive communities.

*'''Adams, Ann: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/13_holistic_landscape.pdf Dimbangombe Project – A Holistic Landscape Approach]''''' Over the past decade there has been increasing interest in natural capitalism and a holistic approach to resource management. The Dimbangombe Project in Zimbabwe focuses on creating a healthy landscape.

*'''Yu, Kongjian: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/14_china.pdf Positioning Contemporary Landscape Architecture in China]''''' In an era of multiple unprecedented challenges imposed by the processes of industrialization and urbanization, landscape architecture is now on the verge of change in China. It is time for this profession to take the great opportunity to position itself to play the key role in rebuilding the Land of Peach Blossoms for a new society of urbanized, globalized and inter-connected people. '''(Hua Shu,Lu Sun,Ya Li)'''

=== '''Topos 58/2007 ''City Strategies''''' ===

''Cities are responsible for accommodating most of the world population. Cities grow; big ones get even bigger; new satellite towns are supposed to ease the strain on city centres. Urban planners therefore face major tasks in creating liveable urban environments for millions of people. Topos presents examples of urban design strategies, in Sydney, Shanghai, Dubai, London, Madrid, Chicago, Vancouver and Bogotá.''

*'''Hawken, Scott: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/01_sydney.pdf Sydney – City of Landscapes]''''' Since the 2000 Olympics, and in light of an ongoing explosion in population, the need for a drastic overhaul of Sydney's urban system has become clear. A series of new landscape projects provide physical models that respond to diverse planning challenges.

*'''Kögel, Eduard: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/02_shanghai01.pdf Metropolitan Region Shanghai]''''' The town planning history of Shanghai has taken many turns with political change in the past century. A consistent planning strategy could not be implemented until the 1990s when development really took off. The achievements will be presented to an international audience at the World Expo 2010. '''(Yan Hu, Lei li)'''

*'''Ruff, Stefanie and Dong, Nannan: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/03_shanghai02.pdf Managing Urban Growth in Shanghai]''''' The targeted urbanisation of Shanghai's suburbs leads to a decentralized growth that forms a polycentric regional network. New Towns take various Western urban developments as their models.'''(John Sun)''' '''(Runzi Luo)'''

*'''Woodman, Ellis: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/04_london.pdf Livingstone's London]''''' Mayor Ken Livingstone has already had considerable impact on London's built environment, but in the coming years his policies are set to transform the city to an unprecedented degree.

*'''Ng, Waikeen and Vegara, Alfonso: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/05_madrid.pdf Spain's Growing Capital City]''''' Large infrastructure projects represent a major step forward for Madrid's transport planning, preparing the city for the future – and the next Olympic bid.

*'''Davis, Mike : ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/06_dubai.pdf Fear and Money in Dubai]''''' Some may consider Dubai the prototype of the 21st century metropolis. Mike Davis describes the luxury urban enclave as the apotheosis of neo-liberalism. Petrodollars are invested in fantasy worlds and architectural landmarks to establish the city as a brand on the world market.

*'''Burger, Don, Roehr, Daniel and Soules, Matthew: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/07_vancouver.pdf Mirage Metropolis]''''' Vancouver has become such a global model for urbanism that Vancouverism refers to the twin ideals of increased residential density and liveability in the city core. The article critically reflects on this approach which, despite its many failings, nevertheless creates new possibilities for landscape.

*'''Lindke, Lybra: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/08_chicago01.pdf Chicago's Green Strategies]''''' Long since considered an industrial and economic workhorse within the United States, Chicago's approach to redefining its greenscape has changed its reputation from a city laden with underutilized and vacant manufacturing and industrial sites to a city striving to become a model for comprehensive green urbanism.

*'''Chappell, Jim: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/09_chicago02.pdf Chicago Central Area Plan]''''' Subtitled "Preparing the Central City for the 21st Century", the Chicago Central Area Plan is nothing less than the next step in Chicago's hundred-year quest to build the world's greatest city, and build it according to a plan.

*'''Fajardo, Martha Cecilia and Kawashima, Noboru: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/10_bogota.pdf Bogotá Transformations]''''' Implementation of a series of masterplans in recent years has turned Bogotá from a chaotic, unsafe city into a capital with a progressive transport system, public parks, pedestrian and cycle networks.

*'''van Oers, Ron: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=1481 Safeguarding the Historic Urban Landscape]''''' More and more historic cities adopt strategies and policies that assign an important role to heritage in the city's social and economic development. A well-managed historic urban landscape is a strong competitive tool as it attracts not only tourists, but capital and residents as well. It is essential to establish an active partnership between conservation and development. ('''Mirjana Jovanovic''', '''Nada Jadzic''')

Literature and Resources Cultural Landscapes 2010

2010-05-10T20:14:43Z

Ieva Kiesnere: /* Responses of cultural landscapes to changing natural processes */

'''[http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Cultural_Landscapes_2010 Back to Seminar Outline]'''

== Thematic fields according to the 2010 ECLAS conference "Cultural Landscapes" ==
[[Image:100410 cultural landscapes mind map.jpeg|thumb|1050px|Thematic map "Cultural Landscapes"|none]]

=== Cultural Landscapes: Education, research methods and approaches ===
''such as profession based education, multi-disciplinary education, interdisciplinary education etc.''

*'''Latz, Peter: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_33_2000/02_time_visible.pdf The idea of making time visible] Topos 33/2000'''''
** Roya Sabri: [[The idea of making time visible - concept map]]

*'''Author: ''[moodle link Title] Topos issue'''''
** Student name: [[Title - concept map]]

=== Responses of cultural landscapes to changing natural processes ===
''such as climate change, re-colonization of abandoned lands, impact of emerging need for sustainability etc.''

*'''Latz, Peter: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_33_2000/02_time_visible.pdf The idea of making time visible] Topos 33/2000'''''
** Roya Sabri: [[The idea of making time visible - concept map]]

*'''Yu, Kongjian: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/14_china.pdf Positioning Contemporary Landscape Architecture in China] Topos 56/2006'''''
** Hua Shu,Lu Sun,Ya Li: [[Landscape Architecture in China - concept map]]

*'''Shannon, Kelly: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/09_drosscape.pdf Drosscape ]Topos 56/2006'''''
** Ieva Kiesnere: [[Concept map Ieva Kiesnere Latvia.jpeg - concept map]]

=== Landscapes as a reflection of changing cultural processes ===
''such as globalization, multiculturalism, emerging awareness to sustainability, etc.''

*'''Playdon, Dennis: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/c9811c28_Acoma.pdf Acoma - A Landscape of Settlement] Topos 56/2006'''''
** Jovana Kovacevic: [[Concept map Acoma - Landscape of Settlement.jpg]]

*'''Ruff, Stefanie and Dong, Nannan: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/03_shanghai02.pdf Managing Urban Growth in Shanghai] Topos 58/2007'''''
** Runzi Luo: [[Urban Growth in Shanghai - concept map]]

*'''Briand, Gilles and Mousquet, François-Xavier: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/d26ec62d_Basin.pdf Reversing the Image of a Coal Basin] Topos 56/2006'''''
** Andreia V. Quintas [[Reversing Image Coal Basin - Conceptual Map.jpg]]

=== Technology as a driver of cultural landscape change ===
''such as international styles, disappearing vernacular styles as a result of increased visual images through internet as well as advanced technology to enable new construction methods and techniques and capability to use new materials or recycled materials, etc.''

*'''Latz, Peter: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_33_2000/02_time_visible.pdf The idea of making time visible] Topos 33/2000'''''
** Roya Sabri: [[The idea of making time visible - concept map]]

*'''Author: ''[moodle link Title] Topos issue'''''
** Student name: [[Title - concept map]]

'''[http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Cultural_Landscapes_2010 Back to Seminar Outline]'''

== Articles for reading exercise ==

* Dear students, please choose your favourite article here and write your name(s) behind it.
* Then create a concept map until Tuesday, May 11, 2010, with one of the recommended programs and make sure it has a suitable resolution for this WIKI (400x800 pix) and the contents are readible on screen.
* In addition, please copy the article quotation (author, moodle link, title) and paste it according to the given structure and the respective ECLAS thematic field above that you think might fit best.
* If your article relates to more than one theme, please copy the title also to any other appropriate section.
* In a last step, you upload your concept map illustration (jpg) with a suitable title to the WIKI and add it together with your name to your article (as shown in the prestructure). It will later be linked with the respective article on a new WIKI page.

=== '''Topos 26/1999 ''IBA - a renewal concept for a region ''''' ===

''The focus of Topos 26 is on one region in one country: the Emscher region in North Rhine-Westphalia, a part of the Ruhr district. Once the industrial heart of Europe, the site of ruthless industrialization, it had overslept structural change. Now it is the home of the IBA (International Building Exhibition) Emscher Park.

*'''Schäfer, Robert: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_26_1999/01_iba_emscher_park.pdf Emscher Park Building Exhibition: a motor of structural change]''''' In 1999, the IBA presents the outcome of projects and plans concerned with the regeneration of an old industrial region.

*'''Pehnt, Wolfgang: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_26_1999/02_iba_emscher_park.pdf Changes have to take place in people's heads first]''''' The IBA Emscher Park has provided the Ruhr with a new identity and opened up new paths, both in the outside world and in people's minds.

*'''Dettmar, Jörg: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_26_1999/04_iba_emscher_park.pdf Wilderness or park?]''''' The Leftover Land Project taking place as part of the Emscher Park IBA introduces the concept of "industrial nature".

*'''Poblotzki, Ursula: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_26_1999/05_iba_emscher_park.pdf Transformation of a landscape]''''' The Ruhr is witnessing the application of urban green planning principles to a whole region as a motor of structural change.('''Yiting Wei,Chengkang Ye''')

*'''Schwarze-Rodrian, Michael: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_26_1999/06_iba_emscher_park.pdf Intercommunal co-operation in the Emscher Landscape Park]''''' The new regional park in the Ruhr area could only have been planned and built by going across all borders. A concept and its strategies. '''(Isin Barut)'''

*'''Weilacher, Udo: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_26_1999/07_iba_emscher_park.pdf Rusty-brown and Phacelia blue – landmark art by the IBA]''''' Mountains, rivers, churches or castles often lend character to landscapes. In the Ruhr, artistic landmarks help perform this role.

*'''Diedrich, Lisa: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_26_1999/08_iba_emscher_park.pdf No politics, no park: the Duisburg-Nord model]''''' The Duisburg-Nord Landscape Park exemplifies the close co-operation between IBA managers and designers.

*'''Wachten, Kunibert: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_26_1999/11_iba_emscher_park.pdf Housing developments in integrated sites]''''' The revived culture of the Ruhr area housing estates features new construction with moderate densities and makes use of historic capital.

=== '''Topos 33/2000 ''Intention and Reality''''' ===

''The urban future will be happening in the periphery because the core is usually occupied by history. Only Berlin had the unique opportunity to build the future right in the centre of town.''

*'''Isman, Fabio: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_33_2000/01_cultural_assets.pdf Landscape as cultural assets]''''' Half of Italy is protected from development, yet the danger of famous landscapes being covered up with concrete still remains.

*'''Latz, Peter: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_33_2000/02_time_visible.pdf The idea of making time visible]''''' Landscape architecture shows ecology as art that realises abstract ideas interpreting spatial patterns. '''(Roya Sabri)'''

=== '''Topos 44/2003 ''Conversion''''' ===

''Perforations, shrinkage, intermediate city – we know the terms for these processes but are not so sure about solutions for the problems caused by this landscape change. In any case, landscape is always involved.''

*'''Christiaanse, Kees: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/b6eea36d_H__fen.pdf New urbanism in former harbours] ''''' Colourful archipelago districts are appearing in harbour areas. Radically mixed uses provide an example for the whole city. '''(Koesler Barbara, Kazubski Sebastian)'''

*'''Leppert, Stefan: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/fb572c9b_Westpark.pdf Westpark Bochum, Germany]''''' Mainly involving provision of access to existing elements, the concept for the park at a former steelworks is a simple one.

*'''Weilacher, Udo and Dettmar, Jörg: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_44_2003/01_process.pdf Landscape as a process]''''' The city is wherever an urban lifestyle is. That means it is almost everywhere. What role does that give landscape?

*'''Prominski, Martin: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/bb305df8_Surplus.pdf Surplus land - Perspectives for the cultural landscape]''''' Farmers are going; new settlers are coming. Students at TU Berlin developed ideas for a different land use.

=== '''Topos 53/2005 ''Traffic''''' ===

''Bridges, roads, airports, boulevards, bicycle paths or railway tracks ? the range of traffic structures that should not only be well planned but also attractively designed in the context of their urban or rural surroundings is very broad.''

*'''Pachnicke, Peter: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_53_2005/01_ruhr_area.pdf The Bridge Landscape of Emscher Park]''''' Rehabilitating the River Emscher, misused as a wastewater canal, forms the foundation for redesigning the industrial landscape in the Ruhr district. The artistic bridges in the network of hiking and cycling trails are symbols of the new landscape.

*'''Suwanarit, Asan: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/c12884f6_Bangkok.pdf The Skytrain in Bangkok]''''' The enormous elevated structure of the Bangkok Transit System, commonly known as the Skytrain, has radically changed the means of experiencing passing through the heart of Bangkok's downtown. Today, this structure is continuing its transformation as a complex dynamic across this metropolitan landscape.

*'''Becker, Carlo W.: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_53_2005/02_leipzig.pdf Across the Periphery – Leipzig North]''''' In response to the strong transformation processes of past decades, the City of Leipzig commissioned a spatial concept for its periphery. bgmr Landscape Architects developed an urban cultural landscape.

*'''Detzlhofer, Anna: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_53_2005/03_vienna.pdf Landscape Becomes Established]''''' Large-scale modelling of the terrain integrates a new motorway on the south periphery of Vienna with the landscape. Geometrically shaped landmarks facilitate orientation for drivers and local residents.

=== '''Topos 56/2006 ''Cultural Landscapes''''' ===

''All over the world, the economic activities of mankind leave their mark on the landscape. Depending on land use, topography and climate, cultural landscapes differ greatly. Besides covering the preservation and rehabilitation of particular cultural landscapes, this issue of Topos focuses mainly on the transformations of landscapes and the challenges for planners involved. Examples range from an Italian wind farm to Bangkok's aquacultural landscape.''

*'''Moderini, Daniela and Selano, Giovanni: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/01_windscapes.pdf Windscapes]''''' The experimental wind farms of San Chirico and Spina combine renewable energy and information technologies with the region's distinguished culture to create an innovative strategy for communicating the landscape's inherent complexity. '''(Lukas Spriestersbach)'''

*'''Briand, Gilles and Mousquet, François-Xavier: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/d26ec62d_Basin.pdf Reversing the Image of a Coal Basin]''''' Long regarded as a serious handicap, the coal basin's brownfield sites in the French Nord Pas de Calais region, heritage of a glorious industrial past, constitute an experimental laboratory for the regeneration of derelict post-industrial land. '''(Andreia V. Quintas)'''

*'''Bokern, Anneke: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/03_westergasfabriek.pdf Westergasfabriek Cultural Park]''''' The interim cultural uses of the former gasworks in Amsterdam led to converting the grounds into a "cultural park". The design intends to demonstrate transformations in the relationship between humans and nature over the last century.

*'''McGrath, Brian and Thaitakoo, Danai: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/f2dd7b91_Agri.pdf Bangkok`s Agri- and Aquacultural Fringe]''''' Bangkok's contemporary transportation system reflects ancient layers of waterborne urbanism overlaid with a modern automobile-driven metropolis. Between these conditions, a fresh opportunity arises to re-assess the composite cultural landscape for future bio-energy production.

*'''Dailami, Ahmed and Doherty, Gareth: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/05_bahrain.pdf Cultural Continuums in Bahrain]''''' Bahrain is experiencing a tumultuous period of restructuring and expansion with an architectural language rooted in a silently salient binary of traditional versus contemporary. Transition and change are not new to Bahrain, having formed an assortment of landscapes that speak of a far more varied and complex place.

*'''Akerlund, Ulrika : ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/06_russian_country.pdf Russian Coutnry Estates]''''' Primarily a country base for the bourgeois, the usadba had a significant social role in pre-revolutionary Russia. Although many are now in ruins, and the needs and structure of society have changed, the agency of the usadba as a cultural hub and focus for rural communities is being rediscovered.

*'''O'Donnell, Patricia M.: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/07_designed_landscapes.pdf Preserving Designed Cultural Landscapes]''''' There is a broad legacy of cultural landscapes as designed, evolved, relic and associative properties in the USA. While cultural landscapes of all types hold interest for the planning professions, understanding the designed landscape and intervening to further its preservation is most readily taken up by design professionals.

*'''Playdon, Dennis: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/c9811c28_Acoma.pdf Acoma - A Landscape of Settlement]''''' There is a broad legacy of cultural landscapes as designed, evolved, relic and associative properties in the USA. While cultural landscapes of all types hold interest for the planning professions, understanding the designed landscape and intervening to further its preservation is most readily taken up by design professionals.'''(Jovana Kovacevic)'''

*'''Shannon, Kelly: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/09_drosscape.pdf Drosscape]''''' New landscapes are continuously created while others are destroyed. The cultural landscapes of the 21st century include the globe's vast post-industrial landscapes, and territories simply consumed by sprawling development. '''(Ieva Kiesnere)'''

*'''Krebs, Stefanie: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/10_land_art.pdf Art and Landscape]''''' Artscape Nordland presents 33 works of art in the Norwegian fjord landscape. Different positions on art and landscape range from staging elementary forces and creating spaces for social interaction to re-romanticization and the sublime.

*'''Schmitz, Martin: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/11_lucius_burckhardt.pdf The Strollology of Lucius Burckhardt]''''' The political economist, sociologist, art historian and planning theorist Lucius Burckhardt founded "strollology" in the 1980s at the University of Kassel, Germany. It deals with human perception and its feedback into planning and building.

*'''Ranatunga, Priyanka: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/12_tsunami.pdf Cultural Landscape and Tsunami Resettlement]''''' Following the 2004 tsunami in Sri Lanka, landscape architects re-interpreted ancient human settlement patterns in order to re-locate affected peoples into culturally and ecological sensitive communities.

*'''Adams, Ann: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/13_holistic_landscape.pdf Dimbangombe Project – A Holistic Landscape Approach]''''' Over the past decade there has been increasing interest in natural capitalism and a holistic approach to resource management. The Dimbangombe Project in Zimbabwe focuses on creating a healthy landscape.

*'''Yu, Kongjian: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/14_china.pdf Positioning Contemporary Landscape Architecture in China]''''' In an era of multiple unprecedented challenges imposed by the processes of industrialization and urbanization, landscape architecture is now on the verge of change in China. It is time for this profession to take the great opportunity to position itself to play the key role in rebuilding the Land of Peach Blossoms for a new society of urbanized, globalized and inter-connected people. '''(Hua Shu,Lu Sun,Ya Li)'''

=== '''Topos 58/2007 ''City Strategies''''' ===

''Cities are responsible for accommodating most of the world population. Cities grow; big ones get even bigger; new satellite towns are supposed to ease the strain on city centres. Urban planners therefore face major tasks in creating liveable urban environments for millions of people. Topos presents examples of urban design strategies, in Sydney, Shanghai, Dubai, London, Madrid, Chicago, Vancouver and Bogotá.''

*'''Hawken, Scott: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/01_sydney.pdf Sydney – City of Landscapes]''''' Since the 2000 Olympics, and in light of an ongoing explosion in population, the need for a drastic overhaul of Sydney's urban system has become clear. A series of new landscape projects provide physical models that respond to diverse planning challenges.

*'''Kögel, Eduard: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/02_shanghai01.pdf Metropolitan Region Shanghai]''''' The town planning history of Shanghai has taken many turns with political change in the past century. A consistent planning strategy could not be implemented until the 1990s when development really took off. The achievements will be presented to an international audience at the World Expo 2010. '''(Yan Hu, Lei li)'''

*'''Ruff, Stefanie and Dong, Nannan: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/03_shanghai02.pdf Managing Urban Growth in Shanghai]''''' The targeted urbanisation of Shanghai's suburbs leads to a decentralized growth that forms a polycentric regional network. New Towns take various Western urban developments as their models.'''(John Sun)''' '''(Runzi Luo)'''

*'''Woodman, Ellis: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/04_london.pdf Livingstone's London]''''' Mayor Ken Livingstone has already had considerable impact on London's built environment, but in the coming years his policies are set to transform the city to an unprecedented degree.

*'''Ng, Waikeen and Vegara, Alfonso: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/05_madrid.pdf Spain's Growing Capital City]''''' Large infrastructure projects represent a major step forward for Madrid's transport planning, preparing the city for the future – and the next Olympic bid.

*'''Davis, Mike : ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/06_dubai.pdf Fear and Money in Dubai]''''' Some may consider Dubai the prototype of the 21st century metropolis. Mike Davis describes the luxury urban enclave as the apotheosis of neo-liberalism. Petrodollars are invested in fantasy worlds and architectural landmarks to establish the city as a brand on the world market.

*'''Burger, Don, Roehr, Daniel and Soules, Matthew: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/07_vancouver.pdf Mirage Metropolis]''''' Vancouver has become such a global model for urbanism that Vancouverism refers to the twin ideals of increased residential density and liveability in the city core. The article critically reflects on this approach which, despite its many failings, nevertheless creates new possibilities for landscape.

*'''Lindke, Lybra: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/08_chicago01.pdf Chicago's Green Strategies]''''' Long since considered an industrial and economic workhorse within the United States, Chicago's approach to redefining its greenscape has changed its reputation from a city laden with underutilized and vacant manufacturing and industrial sites to a city striving to become a model for comprehensive green urbanism.

*'''Chappell, Jim: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/09_chicago02.pdf Chicago Central Area Plan]''''' Subtitled "Preparing the Central City for the 21st Century", the Chicago Central Area Plan is nothing less than the next step in Chicago's hundred-year quest to build the world's greatest city, and build it according to a plan.

*'''Fajardo, Martha Cecilia and Kawashima, Noboru: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/10_bogota.pdf Bogotá Transformations]''''' Implementation of a series of masterplans in recent years has turned Bogotá from a chaotic, unsafe city into a capital with a progressive transport system, public parks, pedestrian and cycle networks.

*'''van Oers, Ron: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=1481 Safeguarding the Historic Urban Landscape]''''' More and more historic cities adopt strategies and policies that assign an important role to heritage in the city's social and economic development. A well-managed historic urban landscape is a strong competitive tool as it attracts not only tourists, but capital and residents as well. It is essential to establish an active partnership between conservation and development. ('''Mirjana Jovanovic''', '''Nada Jadzic''')

Literature and Resources Cultural Landscapes 2010

2010-05-10T20:13:26Z

Ieva Kiesnere: /* Responses of cultural landscapes to changing natural processes */

'''[http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Cultural_Landscapes_2010 Back to Seminar Outline]'''

== Thematic fields according to the 2010 ECLAS conference "Cultural Landscapes" ==
[[Image:100410 cultural landscapes mind map.jpeg|thumb|1050px|Thematic map "Cultural Landscapes"|none]]

=== Cultural Landscapes: Education, research methods and approaches ===
''such as profession based education, multi-disciplinary education, interdisciplinary education etc.''

*'''Latz, Peter: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_33_2000/02_time_visible.pdf The idea of making time visible] Topos 33/2000'''''
** Roya Sabri: [[The idea of making time visible - concept map]]

*'''Author: ''[moodle link Title] Topos issue'''''
** Student name: [[Title - concept map]]

=== Responses of cultural landscapes to changing natural processes ===
''such as climate change, re-colonization of abandoned lands, impact of emerging need for sustainability etc.''

*'''Latz, Peter: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_33_2000/02_time_visible.pdf The idea of making time visible] Topos 33/2000'''''
** Roya Sabri: [[The idea of making time visible - concept map]]

*'''Yu, Kongjian: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/14_china.pdf Positioning Contemporary Landscape Architecture in China] Topos 56/2006'''''
** Hua Shu,Lu Sun,Ya Li: [[Landscape Architecture in China - concept map]]

*'''Shannon, Kelly: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/09_drosscape.pdf Topos 56/2006'''''
** Ieva Kiesnere: [[Concept map Ieva Kiesnere Latvia.jpeg - concept map]]

=== Landscapes as a reflection of changing cultural processes ===
''such as globalization, multiculturalism, emerging awareness to sustainability, etc.''

*'''Playdon, Dennis: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/c9811c28_Acoma.pdf Acoma - A Landscape of Settlement] Topos 56/2006'''''
** Jovana Kovacevic: [[Concept map Acoma - Landscape of Settlement.jpg]]

*'''Ruff, Stefanie and Dong, Nannan: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/03_shanghai02.pdf Managing Urban Growth in Shanghai] Topos 58/2007'''''
** Runzi Luo: [[Urban Growth in Shanghai - concept map]]

*'''Briand, Gilles and Mousquet, François-Xavier: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/d26ec62d_Basin.pdf Reversing the Image of a Coal Basin] Topos 56/2006'''''
** Andreia V. Quintas [[Reversing Image Coal Basin - Conceptual Map.jpg]]

=== Technology as a driver of cultural landscape change ===
''such as international styles, disappearing vernacular styles as a result of increased visual images through internet as well as advanced technology to enable new construction methods and techniques and capability to use new materials or recycled materials, etc.''

*'''Latz, Peter: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_33_2000/02_time_visible.pdf The idea of making time visible] Topos 33/2000'''''
** Roya Sabri: [[The idea of making time visible - concept map]]

*'''Author: ''[moodle link Title] Topos issue'''''
** Student name: [[Title - concept map]]

'''[http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Cultural_Landscapes_2010 Back to Seminar Outline]'''

== Articles for reading exercise ==

* Dear students, please choose your favourite article here and write your name(s) behind it.
* Then create a concept map until Tuesday, May 11, 2010, with one of the recommended programs and make sure it has a suitable resolution for this WIKI (400x800 pix) and the contents are readible on screen.
* In addition, please copy the article quotation (author, moodle link, title) and paste it according to the given structure and the respective ECLAS thematic field above that you think might fit best.
* If your article relates to more than one theme, please copy the title also to any other appropriate section.
* In a last step, you upload your concept map illustration (jpg) with a suitable title to the WIKI and add it together with your name to your article (as shown in the prestructure). It will later be linked with the respective article on a new WIKI page.

=== '''Topos 26/1999 ''IBA - a renewal concept for a region ''''' ===

''The focus of Topos 26 is on one region in one country: the Emscher region in North Rhine-Westphalia, a part of the Ruhr district. Once the industrial heart of Europe, the site of ruthless industrialization, it had overslept structural change. Now it is the home of the IBA (International Building Exhibition) Emscher Park.

*'''Schäfer, Robert: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_26_1999/01_iba_emscher_park.pdf Emscher Park Building Exhibition: a motor of structural change]''''' In 1999, the IBA presents the outcome of projects and plans concerned with the regeneration of an old industrial region.

*'''Pehnt, Wolfgang: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_26_1999/02_iba_emscher_park.pdf Changes have to take place in people's heads first]''''' The IBA Emscher Park has provided the Ruhr with a new identity and opened up new paths, both in the outside world and in people's minds.

*'''Dettmar, Jörg: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_26_1999/04_iba_emscher_park.pdf Wilderness or park?]''''' The Leftover Land Project taking place as part of the Emscher Park IBA introduces the concept of "industrial nature".

*'''Poblotzki, Ursula: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_26_1999/05_iba_emscher_park.pdf Transformation of a landscape]''''' The Ruhr is witnessing the application of urban green planning principles to a whole region as a motor of structural change.('''Yiting Wei,Chengkang Ye''')

*'''Schwarze-Rodrian, Michael: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_26_1999/06_iba_emscher_park.pdf Intercommunal co-operation in the Emscher Landscape Park]''''' The new regional park in the Ruhr area could only have been planned and built by going across all borders. A concept and its strategies. '''(Isin Barut)'''

*'''Weilacher, Udo: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_26_1999/07_iba_emscher_park.pdf Rusty-brown and Phacelia blue – landmark art by the IBA]''''' Mountains, rivers, churches or castles often lend character to landscapes. In the Ruhr, artistic landmarks help perform this role.

*'''Diedrich, Lisa: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_26_1999/08_iba_emscher_park.pdf No politics, no park: the Duisburg-Nord model]''''' The Duisburg-Nord Landscape Park exemplifies the close co-operation between IBA managers and designers.

*'''Wachten, Kunibert: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_26_1999/11_iba_emscher_park.pdf Housing developments in integrated sites]''''' The revived culture of the Ruhr area housing estates features new construction with moderate densities and makes use of historic capital.

=== '''Topos 33/2000 ''Intention and Reality''''' ===

''The urban future will be happening in the periphery because the core is usually occupied by history. Only Berlin had the unique opportunity to build the future right in the centre of town.''

*'''Isman, Fabio: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_33_2000/01_cultural_assets.pdf Landscape as cultural assets]''''' Half of Italy is protected from development, yet the danger of famous landscapes being covered up with concrete still remains.

*'''Latz, Peter: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_33_2000/02_time_visible.pdf The idea of making time visible]''''' Landscape architecture shows ecology as art that realises abstract ideas interpreting spatial patterns. '''(Roya Sabri)'''

=== '''Topos 44/2003 ''Conversion''''' ===

''Perforations, shrinkage, intermediate city – we know the terms for these processes but are not so sure about solutions for the problems caused by this landscape change. In any case, landscape is always involved.''

*'''Christiaanse, Kees: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/b6eea36d_H__fen.pdf New urbanism in former harbours] ''''' Colourful archipelago districts are appearing in harbour areas. Radically mixed uses provide an example for the whole city. '''(Koesler Barbara, Kazubski Sebastian)'''

*'''Leppert, Stefan: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/fb572c9b_Westpark.pdf Westpark Bochum, Germany]''''' Mainly involving provision of access to existing elements, the concept for the park at a former steelworks is a simple one.

*'''Weilacher, Udo and Dettmar, Jörg: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_44_2003/01_process.pdf Landscape as a process]''''' The city is wherever an urban lifestyle is. That means it is almost everywhere. What role does that give landscape?

*'''Prominski, Martin: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/bb305df8_Surplus.pdf Surplus land - Perspectives for the cultural landscape]''''' Farmers are going; new settlers are coming. Students at TU Berlin developed ideas for a different land use.

=== '''Topos 53/2005 ''Traffic''''' ===

''Bridges, roads, airports, boulevards, bicycle paths or railway tracks ? the range of traffic structures that should not only be well planned but also attractively designed in the context of their urban or rural surroundings is very broad.''

*'''Pachnicke, Peter: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_53_2005/01_ruhr_area.pdf The Bridge Landscape of Emscher Park]''''' Rehabilitating the River Emscher, misused as a wastewater canal, forms the foundation for redesigning the industrial landscape in the Ruhr district. The artistic bridges in the network of hiking and cycling trails are symbols of the new landscape.

*'''Suwanarit, Asan: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/c12884f6_Bangkok.pdf The Skytrain in Bangkok]''''' The enormous elevated structure of the Bangkok Transit System, commonly known as the Skytrain, has radically changed the means of experiencing passing through the heart of Bangkok's downtown. Today, this structure is continuing its transformation as a complex dynamic across this metropolitan landscape.

*'''Becker, Carlo W.: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_53_2005/02_leipzig.pdf Across the Periphery – Leipzig North]''''' In response to the strong transformation processes of past decades, the City of Leipzig commissioned a spatial concept for its periphery. bgmr Landscape Architects developed an urban cultural landscape.

*'''Detzlhofer, Anna: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_53_2005/03_vienna.pdf Landscape Becomes Established]''''' Large-scale modelling of the terrain integrates a new motorway on the south periphery of Vienna with the landscape. Geometrically shaped landmarks facilitate orientation for drivers and local residents.

=== '''Topos 56/2006 ''Cultural Landscapes''''' ===

''All over the world, the economic activities of mankind leave their mark on the landscape. Depending on land use, topography and climate, cultural landscapes differ greatly. Besides covering the preservation and rehabilitation of particular cultural landscapes, this issue of Topos focuses mainly on the transformations of landscapes and the challenges for planners involved. Examples range from an Italian wind farm to Bangkok's aquacultural landscape.''

*'''Moderini, Daniela and Selano, Giovanni: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/01_windscapes.pdf Windscapes]''''' The experimental wind farms of San Chirico and Spina combine renewable energy and information technologies with the region's distinguished culture to create an innovative strategy for communicating the landscape's inherent complexity. '''(Lukas Spriestersbach)'''

*'''Briand, Gilles and Mousquet, François-Xavier: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/d26ec62d_Basin.pdf Reversing the Image of a Coal Basin]''''' Long regarded as a serious handicap, the coal basin's brownfield sites in the French Nord Pas de Calais region, heritage of a glorious industrial past, constitute an experimental laboratory for the regeneration of derelict post-industrial land. '''(Andreia V. Quintas)'''

*'''Bokern, Anneke: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/03_westergasfabriek.pdf Westergasfabriek Cultural Park]''''' The interim cultural uses of the former gasworks in Amsterdam led to converting the grounds into a "cultural park". The design intends to demonstrate transformations in the relationship between humans and nature over the last century.

*'''McGrath, Brian and Thaitakoo, Danai: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/f2dd7b91_Agri.pdf Bangkok`s Agri- and Aquacultural Fringe]''''' Bangkok's contemporary transportation system reflects ancient layers of waterborne urbanism overlaid with a modern automobile-driven metropolis. Between these conditions, a fresh opportunity arises to re-assess the composite cultural landscape for future bio-energy production.

*'''Dailami, Ahmed and Doherty, Gareth: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/05_bahrain.pdf Cultural Continuums in Bahrain]''''' Bahrain is experiencing a tumultuous period of restructuring and expansion with an architectural language rooted in a silently salient binary of traditional versus contemporary. Transition and change are not new to Bahrain, having formed an assortment of landscapes that speak of a far more varied and complex place.

*'''Akerlund, Ulrika : ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/06_russian_country.pdf Russian Coutnry Estates]''''' Primarily a country base for the bourgeois, the usadba had a significant social role in pre-revolutionary Russia. Although many are now in ruins, and the needs and structure of society have changed, the agency of the usadba as a cultural hub and focus for rural communities is being rediscovered.

*'''O'Donnell, Patricia M.: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/07_designed_landscapes.pdf Preserving Designed Cultural Landscapes]''''' There is a broad legacy of cultural landscapes as designed, evolved, relic and associative properties in the USA. While cultural landscapes of all types hold interest for the planning professions, understanding the designed landscape and intervening to further its preservation is most readily taken up by design professionals.

*'''Playdon, Dennis: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/c9811c28_Acoma.pdf Acoma - A Landscape of Settlement]''''' There is a broad legacy of cultural landscapes as designed, evolved, relic and associative properties in the USA. While cultural landscapes of all types hold interest for the planning professions, understanding the designed landscape and intervening to further its preservation is most readily taken up by design professionals.'''(Jovana Kovacevic)'''

*'''Shannon, Kelly: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/09_drosscape.pdf Drosscape]''''' New landscapes are continuously created while others are destroyed. The cultural landscapes of the 21st century include the globe's vast post-industrial landscapes, and territories simply consumed by sprawling development. '''(Ieva Kiesnere)'''

*'''Krebs, Stefanie: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/10_land_art.pdf Art and Landscape]''''' Artscape Nordland presents 33 works of art in the Norwegian fjord landscape. Different positions on art and landscape range from staging elementary forces and creating spaces for social interaction to re-romanticization and the sublime.

*'''Schmitz, Martin: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/11_lucius_burckhardt.pdf The Strollology of Lucius Burckhardt]''''' The political economist, sociologist, art historian and planning theorist Lucius Burckhardt founded "strollology" in the 1980s at the University of Kassel, Germany. It deals with human perception and its feedback into planning and building.

*'''Ranatunga, Priyanka: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/12_tsunami.pdf Cultural Landscape and Tsunami Resettlement]''''' Following the 2004 tsunami in Sri Lanka, landscape architects re-interpreted ancient human settlement patterns in order to re-locate affected peoples into culturally and ecological sensitive communities.

*'''Adams, Ann: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/13_holistic_landscape.pdf Dimbangombe Project – A Holistic Landscape Approach]''''' Over the past decade there has been increasing interest in natural capitalism and a holistic approach to resource management. The Dimbangombe Project in Zimbabwe focuses on creating a healthy landscape.

*'''Yu, Kongjian: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/14_china.pdf Positioning Contemporary Landscape Architecture in China]''''' In an era of multiple unprecedented challenges imposed by the processes of industrialization and urbanization, landscape architecture is now on the verge of change in China. It is time for this profession to take the great opportunity to position itself to play the key role in rebuilding the Land of Peach Blossoms for a new society of urbanized, globalized and inter-connected people. '''(Hua Shu,Lu Sun,Ya Li)'''

=== '''Topos 58/2007 ''City Strategies''''' ===

''Cities are responsible for accommodating most of the world population. Cities grow; big ones get even bigger; new satellite towns are supposed to ease the strain on city centres. Urban planners therefore face major tasks in creating liveable urban environments for millions of people. Topos presents examples of urban design strategies, in Sydney, Shanghai, Dubai, London, Madrid, Chicago, Vancouver and Bogotá.''

*'''Hawken, Scott: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/01_sydney.pdf Sydney – City of Landscapes]''''' Since the 2000 Olympics, and in light of an ongoing explosion in population, the need for a drastic overhaul of Sydney's urban system has become clear. A series of new landscape projects provide physical models that respond to diverse planning challenges.

*'''Kögel, Eduard: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/02_shanghai01.pdf Metropolitan Region Shanghai]''''' The town planning history of Shanghai has taken many turns with political change in the past century. A consistent planning strategy could not be implemented until the 1990s when development really took off. The achievements will be presented to an international audience at the World Expo 2010. '''(Yan Hu, Lei li)'''

*'''Ruff, Stefanie and Dong, Nannan: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/03_shanghai02.pdf Managing Urban Growth in Shanghai]''''' The targeted urbanisation of Shanghai's suburbs leads to a decentralized growth that forms a polycentric regional network. New Towns take various Western urban developments as their models.'''(John Sun)''' '''(Runzi Luo)'''

*'''Woodman, Ellis: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/04_london.pdf Livingstone's London]''''' Mayor Ken Livingstone has already had considerable impact on London's built environment, but in the coming years his policies are set to transform the city to an unprecedented degree.

*'''Ng, Waikeen and Vegara, Alfonso: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/05_madrid.pdf Spain's Growing Capital City]''''' Large infrastructure projects represent a major step forward for Madrid's transport planning, preparing the city for the future – and the next Olympic bid.

*'''Davis, Mike : ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/06_dubai.pdf Fear and Money in Dubai]''''' Some may consider Dubai the prototype of the 21st century metropolis. Mike Davis describes the luxury urban enclave as the apotheosis of neo-liberalism. Petrodollars are invested in fantasy worlds and architectural landmarks to establish the city as a brand on the world market.

*'''Burger, Don, Roehr, Daniel and Soules, Matthew: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/07_vancouver.pdf Mirage Metropolis]''''' Vancouver has become such a global model for urbanism that Vancouverism refers to the twin ideals of increased residential density and liveability in the city core. The article critically reflects on this approach which, despite its many failings, nevertheless creates new possibilities for landscape.

*'''Lindke, Lybra: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/08_chicago01.pdf Chicago's Green Strategies]''''' Long since considered an industrial and economic workhorse within the United States, Chicago's approach to redefining its greenscape has changed its reputation from a city laden with underutilized and vacant manufacturing and industrial sites to a city striving to become a model for comprehensive green urbanism.

*'''Chappell, Jim: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/09_chicago02.pdf Chicago Central Area Plan]''''' Subtitled "Preparing the Central City for the 21st Century", the Chicago Central Area Plan is nothing less than the next step in Chicago's hundred-year quest to build the world's greatest city, and build it according to a plan.

*'''Fajardo, Martha Cecilia and Kawashima, Noboru: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/10_bogota.pdf Bogotá Transformations]''''' Implementation of a series of masterplans in recent years has turned Bogotá from a chaotic, unsafe city into a capital with a progressive transport system, public parks, pedestrian and cycle networks.

*'''van Oers, Ron: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=1481 Safeguarding the Historic Urban Landscape]''''' More and more historic cities adopt strategies and policies that assign an important role to heritage in the city's social and economic development. A well-managed historic urban landscape is a strong competitive tool as it attracts not only tourists, but capital and residents as well. It is essential to establish an active partnership between conservation and development. ('''Mirjana Jovanovic''', '''Nada Jadzic''')

Literature and Resources Cultural Landscapes 2010

2010-05-10T20:10:43Z

Ieva Kiesnere: /* Responses of cultural landscapes to changing natural processes */

'''[http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Cultural_Landscapes_2010 Back to Seminar Outline]'''

== Thematic fields according to the 2010 ECLAS conference "Cultural Landscapes" ==
[[Image:100410 cultural landscapes mind map.jpeg|thumb|1050px|Thematic map "Cultural Landscapes"|none]]

=== Cultural Landscapes: Education, research methods and approaches ===
''such as profession based education, multi-disciplinary education, interdisciplinary education etc.''

*'''Latz, Peter: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_33_2000/02_time_visible.pdf The idea of making time visible] Topos 33/2000'''''
** Roya Sabri: [[The idea of making time visible - concept map]]

*'''Author: ''[moodle link Title] Topos issue'''''
** Student name: [[Title - concept map]]

=== Responses of cultural landscapes to changing natural processes ===
''such as climate change, re-colonization of abandoned lands, impact of emerging need for sustainability etc.''

*'''Latz, Peter: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_33_2000/02_time_visible.pdf The idea of making time visible] Topos 33/2000'''''
** Roya Sabri: [[The idea of making time visible - concept map]]

*'''Yu, Kongjian: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/14_china.pdf Positioning Contemporary Landscape Architecture in China] Topos 56/2006'''''
** Hua Shu,Lu Sun,Ya Li: [[Landscape Architecture in China - concept map]]

*'''Shannon, Kelly: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/09_drosscape.pdf] Topos 56/2006'''''
** Ieva Kiesnere: [[Concept map Ieva Kiesnere Latvia.jpeg]]

=== Landscapes as a reflection of changing cultural processes ===
''such as globalization, multiculturalism, emerging awareness to sustainability, etc.''

*'''Playdon, Dennis: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/c9811c28_Acoma.pdf Acoma - A Landscape of Settlement] Topos 56/2006'''''
** Jovana Kovacevic: [[Concept map Acoma - Landscape of Settlement.jpg]]

*'''Ruff, Stefanie and Dong, Nannan: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/03_shanghai02.pdf Managing Urban Growth in Shanghai] Topos 58/2007'''''
** Runzi Luo: [[Urban Growth in Shanghai - concept map]]

*'''Briand, Gilles and Mousquet, François-Xavier: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/d26ec62d_Basin.pdf Reversing the Image of a Coal Basin] Topos 56/2006'''''
** Andreia V. Quintas [[Reversing Image Coal Basin - Conceptual Map.jpg]]

=== Technology as a driver of cultural landscape change ===
''such as international styles, disappearing vernacular styles as a result of increased visual images through internet as well as advanced technology to enable new construction methods and techniques and capability to use new materials or recycled materials, etc.''

*'''Latz, Peter: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_33_2000/02_time_visible.pdf The idea of making time visible] Topos 33/2000'''''
** Roya Sabri: [[The idea of making time visible - concept map]]

*'''Author: ''[moodle link Title] Topos issue'''''
** Student name: [[Title - concept map]]

'''[http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Cultural_Landscapes_2010 Back to Seminar Outline]'''

== Articles for reading exercise ==

* Dear students, please choose your favourite article here and write your name(s) behind it.
* Then create a concept map until Tuesday, May 11, 2010, with one of the recommended programs and make sure it has a suitable resolution for this WIKI (400x800 pix) and the contents are readible on screen.
* In addition, please copy the article quotation (author, moodle link, title) and paste it according to the given structure and the respective ECLAS thematic field above that you think might fit best.
* If your article relates to more than one theme, please copy the title also to any other appropriate section.
* In a last step, you upload your concept map illustration (jpg) with a suitable title to the WIKI and add it together with your name to your article (as shown in the prestructure). It will later be linked with the respective article on a new WIKI page.

=== '''Topos 26/1999 ''IBA - a renewal concept for a region ''''' ===

''The focus of Topos 26 is on one region in one country: the Emscher region in North Rhine-Westphalia, a part of the Ruhr district. Once the industrial heart of Europe, the site of ruthless industrialization, it had overslept structural change. Now it is the home of the IBA (International Building Exhibition) Emscher Park.

*'''Schäfer, Robert: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_26_1999/01_iba_emscher_park.pdf Emscher Park Building Exhibition: a motor of structural change]''''' In 1999, the IBA presents the outcome of projects and plans concerned with the regeneration of an old industrial region.

*'''Pehnt, Wolfgang: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_26_1999/02_iba_emscher_park.pdf Changes have to take place in people's heads first]''''' The IBA Emscher Park has provided the Ruhr with a new identity and opened up new paths, both in the outside world and in people's minds.

*'''Dettmar, Jörg: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_26_1999/04_iba_emscher_park.pdf Wilderness or park?]''''' The Leftover Land Project taking place as part of the Emscher Park IBA introduces the concept of "industrial nature".

*'''Poblotzki, Ursula: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_26_1999/05_iba_emscher_park.pdf Transformation of a landscape]''''' The Ruhr is witnessing the application of urban green planning principles to a whole region as a motor of structural change.('''Yiting Wei,Chengkang Ye''')

*'''Schwarze-Rodrian, Michael: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_26_1999/06_iba_emscher_park.pdf Intercommunal co-operation in the Emscher Landscape Park]''''' The new regional park in the Ruhr area could only have been planned and built by going across all borders. A concept and its strategies. '''(Isin Barut)'''

*'''Weilacher, Udo: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_26_1999/07_iba_emscher_park.pdf Rusty-brown and Phacelia blue – landmark art by the IBA]''''' Mountains, rivers, churches or castles often lend character to landscapes. In the Ruhr, artistic landmarks help perform this role.

*'''Diedrich, Lisa: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_26_1999/08_iba_emscher_park.pdf No politics, no park: the Duisburg-Nord model]''''' The Duisburg-Nord Landscape Park exemplifies the close co-operation between IBA managers and designers.

*'''Wachten, Kunibert: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_26_1999/11_iba_emscher_park.pdf Housing developments in integrated sites]''''' The revived culture of the Ruhr area housing estates features new construction with moderate densities and makes use of historic capital.

=== '''Topos 33/2000 ''Intention and Reality''''' ===

''The urban future will be happening in the periphery because the core is usually occupied by history. Only Berlin had the unique opportunity to build the future right in the centre of town.''

*'''Isman, Fabio: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_33_2000/01_cultural_assets.pdf Landscape as cultural assets]''''' Half of Italy is protected from development, yet the danger of famous landscapes being covered up with concrete still remains.

*'''Latz, Peter: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_33_2000/02_time_visible.pdf The idea of making time visible]''''' Landscape architecture shows ecology as art that realises abstract ideas interpreting spatial patterns. '''(Roya Sabri)'''

=== '''Topos 44/2003 ''Conversion''''' ===

''Perforations, shrinkage, intermediate city – we know the terms for these processes but are not so sure about solutions for the problems caused by this landscape change. In any case, landscape is always involved.''

*'''Christiaanse, Kees: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/b6eea36d_H__fen.pdf New urbanism in former harbours] ''''' Colourful archipelago districts are appearing in harbour areas. Radically mixed uses provide an example for the whole city. '''(Koesler Barbara, Kazubski Sebastian)'''

*'''Leppert, Stefan: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/fb572c9b_Westpark.pdf Westpark Bochum, Germany]''''' Mainly involving provision of access to existing elements, the concept for the park at a former steelworks is a simple one.

*'''Weilacher, Udo and Dettmar, Jörg: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_44_2003/01_process.pdf Landscape as a process]''''' The city is wherever an urban lifestyle is. That means it is almost everywhere. What role does that give landscape?

*'''Prominski, Martin: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/bb305df8_Surplus.pdf Surplus land - Perspectives for the cultural landscape]''''' Farmers are going; new settlers are coming. Students at TU Berlin developed ideas for a different land use.

=== '''Topos 53/2005 ''Traffic''''' ===

''Bridges, roads, airports, boulevards, bicycle paths or railway tracks ? the range of traffic structures that should not only be well planned but also attractively designed in the context of their urban or rural surroundings is very broad.''

*'''Pachnicke, Peter: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_53_2005/01_ruhr_area.pdf The Bridge Landscape of Emscher Park]''''' Rehabilitating the River Emscher, misused as a wastewater canal, forms the foundation for redesigning the industrial landscape in the Ruhr district. The artistic bridges in the network of hiking and cycling trails are symbols of the new landscape.

*'''Suwanarit, Asan: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/c12884f6_Bangkok.pdf The Skytrain in Bangkok]''''' The enormous elevated structure of the Bangkok Transit System, commonly known as the Skytrain, has radically changed the means of experiencing passing through the heart of Bangkok's downtown. Today, this structure is continuing its transformation as a complex dynamic across this metropolitan landscape.

*'''Becker, Carlo W.: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_53_2005/02_leipzig.pdf Across the Periphery – Leipzig North]''''' In response to the strong transformation processes of past decades, the City of Leipzig commissioned a spatial concept for its periphery. bgmr Landscape Architects developed an urban cultural landscape.

*'''Detzlhofer, Anna: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_53_2005/03_vienna.pdf Landscape Becomes Established]''''' Large-scale modelling of the terrain integrates a new motorway on the south periphery of Vienna with the landscape. Geometrically shaped landmarks facilitate orientation for drivers and local residents.

=== '''Topos 56/2006 ''Cultural Landscapes''''' ===

''All over the world, the economic activities of mankind leave their mark on the landscape. Depending on land use, topography and climate, cultural landscapes differ greatly. Besides covering the preservation and rehabilitation of particular cultural landscapes, this issue of Topos focuses mainly on the transformations of landscapes and the challenges for planners involved. Examples range from an Italian wind farm to Bangkok's aquacultural landscape.''

*'''Moderini, Daniela and Selano, Giovanni: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/01_windscapes.pdf Windscapes]''''' The experimental wind farms of San Chirico and Spina combine renewable energy and information technologies with the region's distinguished culture to create an innovative strategy for communicating the landscape's inherent complexity. '''(Lukas Spriestersbach)'''

*'''Briand, Gilles and Mousquet, François-Xavier: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/d26ec62d_Basin.pdf Reversing the Image of a Coal Basin]''''' Long regarded as a serious handicap, the coal basin's brownfield sites in the French Nord Pas de Calais region, heritage of a glorious industrial past, constitute an experimental laboratory for the regeneration of derelict post-industrial land. '''(Andreia V. Quintas)'''

*'''Bokern, Anneke: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/03_westergasfabriek.pdf Westergasfabriek Cultural Park]''''' The interim cultural uses of the former gasworks in Amsterdam led to converting the grounds into a "cultural park". The design intends to demonstrate transformations in the relationship between humans and nature over the last century.

*'''McGrath, Brian and Thaitakoo, Danai: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/f2dd7b91_Agri.pdf Bangkok`s Agri- and Aquacultural Fringe]''''' Bangkok's contemporary transportation system reflects ancient layers of waterborne urbanism overlaid with a modern automobile-driven metropolis. Between these conditions, a fresh opportunity arises to re-assess the composite cultural landscape for future bio-energy production.

*'''Dailami, Ahmed and Doherty, Gareth: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/05_bahrain.pdf Cultural Continuums in Bahrain]''''' Bahrain is experiencing a tumultuous period of restructuring and expansion with an architectural language rooted in a silently salient binary of traditional versus contemporary. Transition and change are not new to Bahrain, having formed an assortment of landscapes that speak of a far more varied and complex place.

*'''Akerlund, Ulrika : ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/06_russian_country.pdf Russian Coutnry Estates]''''' Primarily a country base for the bourgeois, the usadba had a significant social role in pre-revolutionary Russia. Although many are now in ruins, and the needs and structure of society have changed, the agency of the usadba as a cultural hub and focus for rural communities is being rediscovered.

*'''O'Donnell, Patricia M.: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/07_designed_landscapes.pdf Preserving Designed Cultural Landscapes]''''' There is a broad legacy of cultural landscapes as designed, evolved, relic and associative properties in the USA. While cultural landscapes of all types hold interest for the planning professions, understanding the designed landscape and intervening to further its preservation is most readily taken up by design professionals.

*'''Playdon, Dennis: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/c9811c28_Acoma.pdf Acoma - A Landscape of Settlement]''''' There is a broad legacy of cultural landscapes as designed, evolved, relic and associative properties in the USA. While cultural landscapes of all types hold interest for the planning professions, understanding the designed landscape and intervening to further its preservation is most readily taken up by design professionals.'''(Jovana Kovacevic)'''

*'''Shannon, Kelly: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/09_drosscape.pdf Drosscape]''''' New landscapes are continuously created while others are destroyed. The cultural landscapes of the 21st century include the globe's vast post-industrial landscapes, and territories simply consumed by sprawling development. '''(Ieva Kiesnere)'''

*'''Krebs, Stefanie: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/10_land_art.pdf Art and Landscape]''''' Artscape Nordland presents 33 works of art in the Norwegian fjord landscape. Different positions on art and landscape range from staging elementary forces and creating spaces for social interaction to re-romanticization and the sublime.

*'''Schmitz, Martin: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/11_lucius_burckhardt.pdf The Strollology of Lucius Burckhardt]''''' The political economist, sociologist, art historian and planning theorist Lucius Burckhardt founded "strollology" in the 1980s at the University of Kassel, Germany. It deals with human perception and its feedback into planning and building.

*'''Ranatunga, Priyanka: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/12_tsunami.pdf Cultural Landscape and Tsunami Resettlement]''''' Following the 2004 tsunami in Sri Lanka, landscape architects re-interpreted ancient human settlement patterns in order to re-locate affected peoples into culturally and ecological sensitive communities.

*'''Adams, Ann: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/13_holistic_landscape.pdf Dimbangombe Project – A Holistic Landscape Approach]''''' Over the past decade there has been increasing interest in natural capitalism and a holistic approach to resource management. The Dimbangombe Project in Zimbabwe focuses on creating a healthy landscape.

*'''Yu, Kongjian: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/14_china.pdf Positioning Contemporary Landscape Architecture in China]''''' In an era of multiple unprecedented challenges imposed by the processes of industrialization and urbanization, landscape architecture is now on the verge of change in China. It is time for this profession to take the great opportunity to position itself to play the key role in rebuilding the Land of Peach Blossoms for a new society of urbanized, globalized and inter-connected people. '''(Hua Shu,Lu Sun,Ya Li)'''

=== '''Topos 58/2007 ''City Strategies''''' ===

''Cities are responsible for accommodating most of the world population. Cities grow; big ones get even bigger; new satellite towns are supposed to ease the strain on city centres. Urban planners therefore face major tasks in creating liveable urban environments for millions of people. Topos presents examples of urban design strategies, in Sydney, Shanghai, Dubai, London, Madrid, Chicago, Vancouver and Bogotá.''

*'''Hawken, Scott: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/01_sydney.pdf Sydney – City of Landscapes]''''' Since the 2000 Olympics, and in light of an ongoing explosion in population, the need for a drastic overhaul of Sydney's urban system has become clear. A series of new landscape projects provide physical models that respond to diverse planning challenges.

*'''Kögel, Eduard: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/02_shanghai01.pdf Metropolitan Region Shanghai]''''' The town planning history of Shanghai has taken many turns with political change in the past century. A consistent planning strategy could not be implemented until the 1990s when development really took off. The achievements will be presented to an international audience at the World Expo 2010. '''(Yan Hu, Lei li)'''

*'''Ruff, Stefanie and Dong, Nannan: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/03_shanghai02.pdf Managing Urban Growth in Shanghai]''''' The targeted urbanisation of Shanghai's suburbs leads to a decentralized growth that forms a polycentric regional network. New Towns take various Western urban developments as their models.'''(John Sun)''' '''(Runzi Luo)'''

*'''Woodman, Ellis: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/04_london.pdf Livingstone's London]''''' Mayor Ken Livingstone has already had considerable impact on London's built environment, but in the coming years his policies are set to transform the city to an unprecedented degree.

*'''Ng, Waikeen and Vegara, Alfonso: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/05_madrid.pdf Spain's Growing Capital City]''''' Large infrastructure projects represent a major step forward for Madrid's transport planning, preparing the city for the future – and the next Olympic bid.

*'''Davis, Mike : ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/06_dubai.pdf Fear and Money in Dubai]''''' Some may consider Dubai the prototype of the 21st century metropolis. Mike Davis describes the luxury urban enclave as the apotheosis of neo-liberalism. Petrodollars are invested in fantasy worlds and architectural landmarks to establish the city as a brand on the world market.

*'''Burger, Don, Roehr, Daniel and Soules, Matthew: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/07_vancouver.pdf Mirage Metropolis]''''' Vancouver has become such a global model for urbanism that Vancouverism refers to the twin ideals of increased residential density and liveability in the city core. The article critically reflects on this approach which, despite its many failings, nevertheless creates new possibilities for landscape.

*'''Lindke, Lybra: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/08_chicago01.pdf Chicago's Green Strategies]''''' Long since considered an industrial and economic workhorse within the United States, Chicago's approach to redefining its greenscape has changed its reputation from a city laden with underutilized and vacant manufacturing and industrial sites to a city striving to become a model for comprehensive green urbanism.

*'''Chappell, Jim: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/09_chicago02.pdf Chicago Central Area Plan]''''' Subtitled "Preparing the Central City for the 21st Century", the Chicago Central Area Plan is nothing less than the next step in Chicago's hundred-year quest to build the world's greatest city, and build it according to a plan.

*'''Fajardo, Martha Cecilia and Kawashima, Noboru: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/10_bogota.pdf Bogotá Transformations]''''' Implementation of a series of masterplans in recent years has turned Bogotá from a chaotic, unsafe city into a capital with a progressive transport system, public parks, pedestrian and cycle networks.

*'''van Oers, Ron: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=1481 Safeguarding the Historic Urban Landscape]''''' More and more historic cities adopt strategies and policies that assign an important role to heritage in the city's social and economic development. A well-managed historic urban landscape is a strong competitive tool as it attracts not only tourists, but capital and residents as well. It is essential to establish an active partnership between conservation and development. ('''Mirjana Jovanovic''', '''Nada Jadzic''')

Literature and Resources Cultural Landscapes 2010

2010-05-10T20:08:45Z

Ieva Kiesnere: /* Responses of cultural landscapes to changing natural processes */

'''[http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Cultural_Landscapes_2010 Back to Seminar Outline]'''

== Thematic fields according to the 2010 ECLAS conference "Cultural Landscapes" ==
[[Image:100410 cultural landscapes mind map.jpeg|thumb|1050px|Thematic map "Cultural Landscapes"|none]]

=== Cultural Landscapes: Education, research methods and approaches ===
''such as profession based education, multi-disciplinary education, interdisciplinary education etc.''

*'''Latz, Peter: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_33_2000/02_time_visible.pdf The idea of making time visible] Topos 33/2000'''''
** Roya Sabri: [[The idea of making time visible - concept map]]

*'''Author: ''[moodle link Title] Topos issue'''''
** Student name: [[Title - concept map]]

=== Responses of cultural landscapes to changing natural processes ===
''such as climate change, re-colonization of abandoned lands, impact of emerging need for sustainability etc.''

*'''Latz, Peter: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_33_2000/02_time_visible.pdf The idea of making time visible] Topos 33/2000'''''
** Roya Sabri: [[The idea of making time visible - concept map]]

*'''Yu, Kongjian: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/14_china.pdf Positioning Contemporary Landscape Architecture in China] Topos 56/2006'''''
** Hua Shu,Lu Sun,Ya Li: [[Landscape Architecture in China - concept map]]

*'''Shannon, Kelly: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=1464] Topos 56/2006'''''
** Ieva Kiesnere: [[Concept map Ieva Kiesnere Latvia - concept map]]

=== Landscapes as a reflection of changing cultural processes ===
''such as globalization, multiculturalism, emerging awareness to sustainability, etc.''

*'''Playdon, Dennis: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/c9811c28_Acoma.pdf Acoma - A Landscape of Settlement] Topos 56/2006'''''
** Jovana Kovacevic: [[Concept map Acoma - Landscape of Settlement.jpg]]

*'''Ruff, Stefanie and Dong, Nannan: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/03_shanghai02.pdf Managing Urban Growth in Shanghai] Topos 58/2007'''''
** Runzi Luo: [[Urban Growth in Shanghai - concept map]]

*'''Briand, Gilles and Mousquet, François-Xavier: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/d26ec62d_Basin.pdf Reversing the Image of a Coal Basin] Topos 56/2006'''''
** Andreia V. Quintas [[Reversing Image Coal Basin - Conceptual Map.jpg]]

=== Technology as a driver of cultural landscape change ===
''such as international styles, disappearing vernacular styles as a result of increased visual images through internet as well as advanced technology to enable new construction methods and techniques and capability to use new materials or recycled materials, etc.''

*'''Latz, Peter: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_33_2000/02_time_visible.pdf The idea of making time visible] Topos 33/2000'''''
** Roya Sabri: [[The idea of making time visible - concept map]]

*'''Author: ''[moodle link Title] Topos issue'''''
** Student name: [[Title - concept map]]

'''[http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Cultural_Landscapes_2010 Back to Seminar Outline]'''

== Articles for reading exercise ==

* Dear students, please choose your favourite article here and write your name(s) behind it.
* Then create a concept map until Tuesday, May 11, 2010, with one of the recommended programs and make sure it has a suitable resolution for this WIKI (400x800 pix) and the contents are readible on screen.
* In addition, please copy the article quotation (author, moodle link, title) and paste it according to the given structure and the respective ECLAS thematic field above that you think might fit best.
* If your article relates to more than one theme, please copy the title also to any other appropriate section.
* In a last step, you upload your concept map illustration (jpg) with a suitable title to the WIKI and add it together with your name to your article (as shown in the prestructure). It will later be linked with the respective article on a new WIKI page.

=== '''Topos 26/1999 ''IBA - a renewal concept for a region ''''' ===

''The focus of Topos 26 is on one region in one country: the Emscher region in North Rhine-Westphalia, a part of the Ruhr district. Once the industrial heart of Europe, the site of ruthless industrialization, it had overslept structural change. Now it is the home of the IBA (International Building Exhibition) Emscher Park.

*'''Schäfer, Robert: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_26_1999/01_iba_emscher_park.pdf Emscher Park Building Exhibition: a motor of structural change]''''' In 1999, the IBA presents the outcome of projects and plans concerned with the regeneration of an old industrial region.

*'''Pehnt, Wolfgang: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_26_1999/02_iba_emscher_park.pdf Changes have to take place in people's heads first]''''' The IBA Emscher Park has provided the Ruhr with a new identity and opened up new paths, both in the outside world and in people's minds.

*'''Dettmar, Jörg: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_26_1999/04_iba_emscher_park.pdf Wilderness or park?]''''' The Leftover Land Project taking place as part of the Emscher Park IBA introduces the concept of "industrial nature".

*'''Poblotzki, Ursula: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_26_1999/05_iba_emscher_park.pdf Transformation of a landscape]''''' The Ruhr is witnessing the application of urban green planning principles to a whole region as a motor of structural change.('''Yiting Wei,Chengkang Ye''')

*'''Schwarze-Rodrian, Michael: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_26_1999/06_iba_emscher_park.pdf Intercommunal co-operation in the Emscher Landscape Park]''''' The new regional park in the Ruhr area could only have been planned and built by going across all borders. A concept and its strategies. '''(Isin Barut)'''

*'''Weilacher, Udo: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_26_1999/07_iba_emscher_park.pdf Rusty-brown and Phacelia blue – landmark art by the IBA]''''' Mountains, rivers, churches or castles often lend character to landscapes. In the Ruhr, artistic landmarks help perform this role.

*'''Diedrich, Lisa: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_26_1999/08_iba_emscher_park.pdf No politics, no park: the Duisburg-Nord model]''''' The Duisburg-Nord Landscape Park exemplifies the close co-operation between IBA managers and designers.

*'''Wachten, Kunibert: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_26_1999/11_iba_emscher_park.pdf Housing developments in integrated sites]''''' The revived culture of the Ruhr area housing estates features new construction with moderate densities and makes use of historic capital.

=== '''Topos 33/2000 ''Intention and Reality''''' ===

''The urban future will be happening in the periphery because the core is usually occupied by history. Only Berlin had the unique opportunity to build the future right in the centre of town.''

*'''Isman, Fabio: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_33_2000/01_cultural_assets.pdf Landscape as cultural assets]''''' Half of Italy is protected from development, yet the danger of famous landscapes being covered up with concrete still remains.

*'''Latz, Peter: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_33_2000/02_time_visible.pdf The idea of making time visible]''''' Landscape architecture shows ecology as art that realises abstract ideas interpreting spatial patterns. '''(Roya Sabri)'''

=== '''Topos 44/2003 ''Conversion''''' ===

''Perforations, shrinkage, intermediate city – we know the terms for these processes but are not so sure about solutions for the problems caused by this landscape change. In any case, landscape is always involved.''

*'''Christiaanse, Kees: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/b6eea36d_H__fen.pdf New urbanism in former harbours] ''''' Colourful archipelago districts are appearing in harbour areas. Radically mixed uses provide an example for the whole city. '''(Koesler Barbara, Kazubski Sebastian)'''

*'''Leppert, Stefan: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/fb572c9b_Westpark.pdf Westpark Bochum, Germany]''''' Mainly involving provision of access to existing elements, the concept for the park at a former steelworks is a simple one.

*'''Weilacher, Udo and Dettmar, Jörg: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_44_2003/01_process.pdf Landscape as a process]''''' The city is wherever an urban lifestyle is. That means it is almost everywhere. What role does that give landscape?

*'''Prominski, Martin: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/bb305df8_Surplus.pdf Surplus land - Perspectives for the cultural landscape]''''' Farmers are going; new settlers are coming. Students at TU Berlin developed ideas for a different land use.

=== '''Topos 53/2005 ''Traffic''''' ===

''Bridges, roads, airports, boulevards, bicycle paths or railway tracks ? the range of traffic structures that should not only be well planned but also attractively designed in the context of their urban or rural surroundings is very broad.''

*'''Pachnicke, Peter: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_53_2005/01_ruhr_area.pdf The Bridge Landscape of Emscher Park]''''' Rehabilitating the River Emscher, misused as a wastewater canal, forms the foundation for redesigning the industrial landscape in the Ruhr district. The artistic bridges in the network of hiking and cycling trails are symbols of the new landscape.

*'''Suwanarit, Asan: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/c12884f6_Bangkok.pdf The Skytrain in Bangkok]''''' The enormous elevated structure of the Bangkok Transit System, commonly known as the Skytrain, has radically changed the means of experiencing passing through the heart of Bangkok's downtown. Today, this structure is continuing its transformation as a complex dynamic across this metropolitan landscape.

*'''Becker, Carlo W.: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_53_2005/02_leipzig.pdf Across the Periphery – Leipzig North]''''' In response to the strong transformation processes of past decades, the City of Leipzig commissioned a spatial concept for its periphery. bgmr Landscape Architects developed an urban cultural landscape.

*'''Detzlhofer, Anna: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_53_2005/03_vienna.pdf Landscape Becomes Established]''''' Large-scale modelling of the terrain integrates a new motorway on the south periphery of Vienna with the landscape. Geometrically shaped landmarks facilitate orientation for drivers and local residents.

=== '''Topos 56/2006 ''Cultural Landscapes''''' ===

''All over the world, the economic activities of mankind leave their mark on the landscape. Depending on land use, topography and climate, cultural landscapes differ greatly. Besides covering the preservation and rehabilitation of particular cultural landscapes, this issue of Topos focuses mainly on the transformations of landscapes and the challenges for planners involved. Examples range from an Italian wind farm to Bangkok's aquacultural landscape.''

*'''Moderini, Daniela and Selano, Giovanni: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/01_windscapes.pdf Windscapes]''''' The experimental wind farms of San Chirico and Spina combine renewable energy and information technologies with the region's distinguished culture to create an innovative strategy for communicating the landscape's inherent complexity. '''(Lukas Spriestersbach)'''

*'''Briand, Gilles and Mousquet, François-Xavier: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/d26ec62d_Basin.pdf Reversing the Image of a Coal Basin]''''' Long regarded as a serious handicap, the coal basin's brownfield sites in the French Nord Pas de Calais region, heritage of a glorious industrial past, constitute an experimental laboratory for the regeneration of derelict post-industrial land. '''(Andreia V. Quintas)'''

*'''Bokern, Anneke: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/03_westergasfabriek.pdf Westergasfabriek Cultural Park]''''' The interim cultural uses of the former gasworks in Amsterdam led to converting the grounds into a "cultural park". The design intends to demonstrate transformations in the relationship between humans and nature over the last century.

*'''McGrath, Brian and Thaitakoo, Danai: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/f2dd7b91_Agri.pdf Bangkok`s Agri- and Aquacultural Fringe]''''' Bangkok's contemporary transportation system reflects ancient layers of waterborne urbanism overlaid with a modern automobile-driven metropolis. Between these conditions, a fresh opportunity arises to re-assess the composite cultural landscape for future bio-energy production.

*'''Dailami, Ahmed and Doherty, Gareth: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/05_bahrain.pdf Cultural Continuums in Bahrain]''''' Bahrain is experiencing a tumultuous period of restructuring and expansion with an architectural language rooted in a silently salient binary of traditional versus contemporary. Transition and change are not new to Bahrain, having formed an assortment of landscapes that speak of a far more varied and complex place.

*'''Akerlund, Ulrika : ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/06_russian_country.pdf Russian Coutnry Estates]''''' Primarily a country base for the bourgeois, the usadba had a significant social role in pre-revolutionary Russia. Although many are now in ruins, and the needs and structure of society have changed, the agency of the usadba as a cultural hub and focus for rural communities is being rediscovered.

*'''O'Donnell, Patricia M.: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/07_designed_landscapes.pdf Preserving Designed Cultural Landscapes]''''' There is a broad legacy of cultural landscapes as designed, evolved, relic and associative properties in the USA. While cultural landscapes of all types hold interest for the planning professions, understanding the designed landscape and intervening to further its preservation is most readily taken up by design professionals.

*'''Playdon, Dennis: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/c9811c28_Acoma.pdf Acoma - A Landscape of Settlement]''''' There is a broad legacy of cultural landscapes as designed, evolved, relic and associative properties in the USA. While cultural landscapes of all types hold interest for the planning professions, understanding the designed landscape and intervening to further its preservation is most readily taken up by design professionals.'''(Jovana Kovacevic)'''

*'''Shannon, Kelly: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/09_drosscape.pdf Drosscape]''''' New landscapes are continuously created while others are destroyed. The cultural landscapes of the 21st century include the globe's vast post-industrial landscapes, and territories simply consumed by sprawling development. '''(Ieva Kiesnere)'''

*'''Krebs, Stefanie: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/10_land_art.pdf Art and Landscape]''''' Artscape Nordland presents 33 works of art in the Norwegian fjord landscape. Different positions on art and landscape range from staging elementary forces and creating spaces for social interaction to re-romanticization and the sublime.

*'''Schmitz, Martin: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/11_lucius_burckhardt.pdf The Strollology of Lucius Burckhardt]''''' The political economist, sociologist, art historian and planning theorist Lucius Burckhardt founded "strollology" in the 1980s at the University of Kassel, Germany. It deals with human perception and its feedback into planning and building.

*'''Ranatunga, Priyanka: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/12_tsunami.pdf Cultural Landscape and Tsunami Resettlement]''''' Following the 2004 tsunami in Sri Lanka, landscape architects re-interpreted ancient human settlement patterns in order to re-locate affected peoples into culturally and ecological sensitive communities.

*'''Adams, Ann: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/13_holistic_landscape.pdf Dimbangombe Project – A Holistic Landscape Approach]''''' Over the past decade there has been increasing interest in natural capitalism and a holistic approach to resource management. The Dimbangombe Project in Zimbabwe focuses on creating a healthy landscape.

*'''Yu, Kongjian: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/14_china.pdf Positioning Contemporary Landscape Architecture in China]''''' In an era of multiple unprecedented challenges imposed by the processes of industrialization and urbanization, landscape architecture is now on the verge of change in China. It is time for this profession to take the great opportunity to position itself to play the key role in rebuilding the Land of Peach Blossoms for a new society of urbanized, globalized and inter-connected people. '''(Hua Shu,Lu Sun,Ya Li)'''

=== '''Topos 58/2007 ''City Strategies''''' ===

''Cities are responsible for accommodating most of the world population. Cities grow; big ones get even bigger; new satellite towns are supposed to ease the strain on city centres. Urban planners therefore face major tasks in creating liveable urban environments for millions of people. Topos presents examples of urban design strategies, in Sydney, Shanghai, Dubai, London, Madrid, Chicago, Vancouver and Bogotá.''

*'''Hawken, Scott: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/01_sydney.pdf Sydney – City of Landscapes]''''' Since the 2000 Olympics, and in light of an ongoing explosion in population, the need for a drastic overhaul of Sydney's urban system has become clear. A series of new landscape projects provide physical models that respond to diverse planning challenges.

*'''Kögel, Eduard: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/02_shanghai01.pdf Metropolitan Region Shanghai]''''' The town planning history of Shanghai has taken many turns with political change in the past century. A consistent planning strategy could not be implemented until the 1990s when development really took off. The achievements will be presented to an international audience at the World Expo 2010. '''(Yan Hu, Lei li)'''

*'''Ruff, Stefanie and Dong, Nannan: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/03_shanghai02.pdf Managing Urban Growth in Shanghai]''''' The targeted urbanisation of Shanghai's suburbs leads to a decentralized growth that forms a polycentric regional network. New Towns take various Western urban developments as their models.'''(John Sun)''' '''(Runzi Luo)'''

*'''Woodman, Ellis: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/04_london.pdf Livingstone's London]''''' Mayor Ken Livingstone has already had considerable impact on London's built environment, but in the coming years his policies are set to transform the city to an unprecedented degree.

*'''Ng, Waikeen and Vegara, Alfonso: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/05_madrid.pdf Spain's Growing Capital City]''''' Large infrastructure projects represent a major step forward for Madrid's transport planning, preparing the city for the future – and the next Olympic bid.

*'''Davis, Mike : ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/06_dubai.pdf Fear and Money in Dubai]''''' Some may consider Dubai the prototype of the 21st century metropolis. Mike Davis describes the luxury urban enclave as the apotheosis of neo-liberalism. Petrodollars are invested in fantasy worlds and architectural landmarks to establish the city as a brand on the world market.

*'''Burger, Don, Roehr, Daniel and Soules, Matthew: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/07_vancouver.pdf Mirage Metropolis]''''' Vancouver has become such a global model for urbanism that Vancouverism refers to the twin ideals of increased residential density and liveability in the city core. The article critically reflects on this approach which, despite its many failings, nevertheless creates new possibilities for landscape.

*'''Lindke, Lybra: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/08_chicago01.pdf Chicago's Green Strategies]''''' Long since considered an industrial and economic workhorse within the United States, Chicago's approach to redefining its greenscape has changed its reputation from a city laden with underutilized and vacant manufacturing and industrial sites to a city striving to become a model for comprehensive green urbanism.

*'''Chappell, Jim: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/09_chicago02.pdf Chicago Central Area Plan]''''' Subtitled "Preparing the Central City for the 21st Century", the Chicago Central Area Plan is nothing less than the next step in Chicago's hundred-year quest to build the world's greatest city, and build it according to a plan.

*'''Fajardo, Martha Cecilia and Kawashima, Noboru: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/10_bogota.pdf Bogotá Transformations]''''' Implementation of a series of masterplans in recent years has turned Bogotá from a chaotic, unsafe city into a capital with a progressive transport system, public parks, pedestrian and cycle networks.

*'''van Oers, Ron: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=1481 Safeguarding the Historic Urban Landscape]''''' More and more historic cities adopt strategies and policies that assign an important role to heritage in the city's social and economic development. A well-managed historic urban landscape is a strong competitive tool as it attracts not only tourists, but capital and residents as well. It is essential to establish an active partnership between conservation and development. ('''Mirjana Jovanovic''', '''Nada Jadzic''')

File:Concept map Ieva Kiesnere Latvia.jpeg

2010-05-10T19:59:01Z

Ieva Kiesnere:

Literature and Resources Cultural Landscapes 2010

2010-04-27T12:25:03Z

Ieva Kiesnere:

'''[http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Cultural_Landscapes_2010 Back to Seminar Outline]'''

== Thematic fields according to the 2010 ECLAS conference "Cultural Landscapes" ==
[[Image:100410 cultural landscapes mind map.jpeg|thumb|1050px|Thematic map "Cultural Landscapes"|none]]

=== Cultural Landscapes: Education, research methods and approaches ===
''such as profession based education, multi-disciplinary education, interdisciplinary education etc.''

*'''Author:''' [moodle link Title] (Student) [[Title - concept map]]

=== Responses of cultural landscapes to changing natural processes ===
''such as climate change, re-colonization of abandoned lands, impact of emerging need for sustainability etc.''

*'''Author:''' [moodle link Title] (Student) [[Title - concept map]]

=== Landscapes as a reflection of changing cultural processes ===
''such as globalization, multiculturalism, emerging awareness to sustainability, etc.''

*'''Author:''' [moodle link Title] (Student) [[Title - concept map]]

=== Technology as a driver of cultural landscape change ===
''such as international styles, disappearing vernacular styles as a result of increased visual images through internet as well as advanced technology to enable new construction methods and techniques and capability to use new materials or recycled materials, etc. ''

*'''Author:''' [moodle link Title] (Student) [[Title - concept map]]

'''[http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Cultural_Landscapes_2010 Back to Seminar Outline]'''

== Articles for reading exercise ==

'''''Note: Please do only subscribe to an article that has already been linked!!! It is not guaranteed that the other articles will still be linked.'''''

=== '''Topos 26/1999 ''IBA - a renewal concept for a region ''''' '''''still to be linked''''' ===

''The focus of Topos 26 is on one region in one country: the Emscher region in North Rhine-Westphalia, a part of the Ruhr district. Once the industrial heart of Europe, the site of ruthless industrialization, it had overslept structural change. Now it is the home of the IBA (International Building Exhibition) Emscher Park.''

*'''Kohler, Dorothée: ''The IBA Emscher Park – a typically German project?''''' In France the achievements of the IBA are considered outstanding. For such a megaproject, however, the organisation is not French at all.

*'''Dettmar, Jörg: ''Wilderness or park?''''' The Leftover Land Project taking place as part of the Emscher Park IBA introduces the concept of "industrial nature".

*'''Poblotzki, Ursula: ''Transformation of a landscape''''' The Ruhr is witnessing the application of urban green planning principles to a whole region as a motor of structural change.

*'''Schwarze-Rodrian, Michael: ''Intercommunal co-operation in the Emscher Landscape Park''''' The new regional park in the Ruhr area could only have been planned and built by going across all borders. A concept and its strategies.

*'''Weilacher, Udo: ''Rusty-brown and Phacelia blue – landmark art by the IBA''''' Mountains, rivers, churches or castles often lend character to landscapes. In the Ruhr, artistic landmarks help perform this role.

*'''Diedrich, Lisa: ''No politics, no park: the Duisburg-Nord model''''' The Duisburg-Nord Landscape Park exemplifies the close co-operation between IBA managers and designers.

*'''Kunzmann, Klaus R.: ''White work elephants in the Ruhr district's park of the future''''' Sixteen new commercial and technology parks in the Ruhr area are the signs of new times – but their success is not assured.

*'''Oldengott, Martin: ''The Castrop-Rauxel ecological network''''' The spirit of the IBA has inspired municipal planning offices: they now boast intercommunal projects of their own.

*'''Wachten, Kunibert: ''Housing developments in integrated sites''''' The revived culture of the Ruhr area housing estates features new construction with moderate densities and makes use of historic capital.

*'''Schäfer, Robert: ''Emscher Park Building Exhibition: a motor of structural change''''' In 1999, the IBA presents the outcome of projects and plans concerned with the regeneration of an old industrial region.

*'''Pehnt, Wolfgang: ''Changes have to take place in people's heads first''''' The IBA Emscher Park has provided the Ruhr with a new identity and opened up new paths, both in the outside world and in people's minds.

=== '''Topos 44/2003 ''Conversion''''' '''''still to be linked''''' ===

''Perforations, shrinkage, intermediate city – we know the terms for these processes but are not so sure about solutions for the problems caused by this landscape change. In any case, landscape is always involved.''

*'''Christiaanse, Kees: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/b6eea36d_H__fen.pdf New urbanism in former harbours] ''''' Colourful archipelago districts are appearing in harbour areas. Radically mixed uses provide an example for the whole city.

*'''Sebastyanski, Roman: ''Young City, Gdansk''''' Strikes and the Solidarity movement made the Gdansk harbour known all over the world. Now it is the site of a new city district.

*'''Boeri, Stefano: ''Thessaloniki: Gateway to the Balkans''''' The infrastructure planned in the framework of the EU's eastward expansion is to make Thessaloniki the "new gateway to the Balkans".

*'''Alday Sanz, Inaki and Jover Biboum, Margarita: ''The Gallego river waterfront, Zuera, Spain''''' Town planning improvements, a bull ring and a flood plain that doubles as a park are the results of a river engineering project. In the spanish town Zuera the conversion of the southern bank of the river Gallego and the revival of a town district were determined by three objectives.

*'''Leppert, Stefan: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/fb572c9b_Westpark.pdf Westpark Bochum, Germany]''''' Mainly involving provision of access to existing elements, the concept for the park at a former steelworks is a simple one.

*'''Meyer, Sandra and de Visser, Rik: ''Master plan for Reden Mine''''' A new landscape offering gardens and modern architecture is coming about amongst the ruderal vegetation of an old pithead.

*'''Weilacher, Udo and Dettmar, Jörg: ''Landscape as a process''''' The city is wherever an urban lifestyle is. That means it is almost everywhere. What role does that give landscape?

*'''Firth, Kathryn: ''Greenwich Peninsula Regeneration''''' Dense urban areas are developing around a central park on the former industrial areas on the Greenwich Peninsula in London.

*'''Prominski, Martin: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/bb305df8_Surplus.pdf Surplus land - Perspectives for the cultural landscape]''''' Farmers are going; new settlers are coming. Students at TU Berlin developed ideas for a different land use.

==='''Topos 47/2004 ''Landscape concepts''''' ===

''Behind every change in the landscape picture are social and economic mechanisms for which we are all to blame, some of us more than others, depending on what we put in our shopping basket or where we go for the weekend. This is also where an important task for landscape architects lies. Its a great challenge to participate in creating the social, economic and legal framework conditions that shape the landscape from the outset. Another is also to find an up-date aesthetic expression.''

*'''Christiaanse, Kees: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/fa14f4a3_Christiaanse.pdf Situations in the settled landscape]''''' The urbanisation and fragmentation of the landscape call for creative strategies rather than preoccupation with tradition.

*'''Hunt, John Dixon: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/ff0312ba_Hunt.pdf On the perception of the term landscape]''''' Landscape is a notion which is perceived differently depending on one's social and geographical roots and education.

*'''Cauquelin, Anne: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/cfcf1e65_Anne.pdf Timescapes]''''' Non-stop nature: always available and ever expressing the esteem it enjoys in the society concerned. Today's perspective is global.

=== '''Topos 53/2005 ''Traffic''''' '''''still to be linked''''' ===

''Bridges, roads, airports, boulevards, bicycle paths or railway tracks ? the range of traffic structures that should not only be well planned but also attractively designed in the context of their urban or rural surroundings is very broad.''

*'''Detzlhofer, Anna: ''Landscape Becomes Established''''' Large-scale modelling of the terrain integrates a new motorway on the south periphery of Vienna with the landscape. Geometrically shaped landmarks facilitate orientation for drivers and local residents.

*'''Becker, Carlo W.: ''Across the Periphery – Leipzig North''''' In response to the strong transformation processes of past decades, the City of Leipzig commissioned a spatial concept for its periphery. bgmr Landscape Architects developed an urban cultural landscape.

*'''Lasserre, Olivier: ''Planting Patterns seen from the Air''''' The Swiss landscape architect Olivier Lasserre photographs cultural landscapes from a slowly flying helicopter. With his pictures from above he hopes to draw our attention to the beauty and the landscape qualities of modern agriculture.

*'''Bowtell, Peter: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/c3500844_Webb.pdf Webb Bridge, Melbourne]''''' The artfully entwined structure of Webb Bridge inspires many possible associations: from snake to sea shells or fishing net to boomerang. The new landmark at Melbourne Docklands works as a link across the Yarra River as well as a meeting point and a pleasant place to be.

*'''Pachnicke, Peter: ''The Bridge Landscape of Emscher Park''''' Rehabilitating the River Emscher, misused as a wastewater canal, forms the foundation for redesigning the industrial landscape in the Ruhr district. The artistic bridges in the network of hiking and cycling trails are symbols of the new landscape.

*'''Suwanarit, Asan: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/c12884f6_Bangkok.pdf The Skytrain in Bangkok]''''' The enormous elevated structure of the Bangkok Transit System, commonly known as the Skytrain, has radically changed the means of experiencing passing through the heart of Bangkok's downtown. Today, this structure is continuing its transformation as a complex dynamic across this metropolitan landscape.

*'''Fiol Costa, Carmen: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/e6023ae2_Barce.pdf The Gran Via in Barcelona]''''' After many years of discussion and participative processes the remodelling of the transport artery, the Gran Via is now underway. The partial covering of the road reduces the dominance of vehicular traffic and creates new green spaces.

=== '''Topos 56/2006 ''Cultural Landscapes''''' ===

''All over the world, the economic activities of mankind leave their mark on the landscape. Depending on land use, topography and climate, cultural landscapes differ greatly. Besides covering the preservation and rehabilitation of particular cultural landscapes, this issue of Topos focuses mainly on the transformations of landscapes and the challenges for planners involved. Examples range from an Italian wind farm to Bangkok's aquacultural landscape.''

*'''Moderini, Daniela and Selano, Giovanni: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/01_windscapes.pdf Windscapes]''''' The experimental wind farms of San Chirico and Spina combine renewable energy and information technologies with the region's distinguished culture to create an innovative strategy for communicating the landscape's inherent complexity.

*'''Briand, Gilles and Mousquet, François-Xavier: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/d26ec62d_Basin.pdf Reversing the Image of a Coal Basin]''''' Long regarded as a serious handicap, the coal basin's brownfield sites in the French Nord Pas de Calais region, heritage of a glorious industrial past, constitute an experimental laboratory for the regeneration of derelict post-industrial land.

*'''Bokern, Anneke: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/03_westergasfabriek.pdf Westergasfabriek Cultural Park]''''' The interim cultural uses of the former gasworks in Amsterdam led to converting the grounds into a "cultural park". The design intends to demonstrate transformations in the relationship between humans and nature over the last century.

*'''McGrath, Brian and Thaitakoo, Danai: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/f2dd7b91_Agri.pdf Bangkok`s Agri- and Aquacultural Fringe]''''' Bangkok's contemporary transportation system reflects ancient layers of waterborne urbanism overlaid with a modern automobile-driven metropolis. Between these conditions, a fresh opportunity arises to re-assess the composite cultural landscape for future bio-energy production.

*'''Dailami, Ahmed and Doherty, Gareth: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/05_bahrain.pdf Cultural Continuums in Bahrain]''''' Bahrain is experiencing a tumultuous period of restructuring and expansion with an architectural language rooted in a silently salient binary of traditional versus contemporary. Transition and change are not new to Bahrain, having formed an assortment of landscapes that speak of a far more varied and complex place.

*'''Akerlund, Ulrika : ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/06_russian_country.pdf Russian Coutnry Estates]''''' Primarily a country base for the bourgeois, the usadba had a significant social role in pre-revolutionary Russia. Although many are now in ruins, and the needs and structure of society have changed, the agency of the usadba as a cultural hub and focus for rural communities is being rediscovered.

*'''O'Donnell, Patricia M.: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/07_designed_landscapes.pdf Preserving Designed Cultural Landscapes]''''' There is a broad legacy of cultural landscapes as designed, evolved, relic and associative properties in the USA. While cultural landscapes of all types hold interest for the planning professions, understanding the designed landscape and intervening to further its preservation is most readily taken up by design professionals.

*'''Playdon, Dennis: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/c9811c28_Acoma.pdf Acoma - A Landscape of Settlement]''''' There is a broad legacy of cultural landscapes as designed, evolved, relic and associative properties in the USA. While cultural landscapes of all types hold interest for the planning professions, understanding the designed landscape and intervening to further its preservation is most readily taken up by design professionals.

*'''Shannon, Kelly: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/09_drosscape.pdf Drosscape]''''' New landscapes are continuously created while others are destroyed. The cultural landscapes of the 21st century include the globe's vast post-industrial landscapes, and territories simply consumed by sprawling development. '''(Ieva Kiesnere)'''

*'''Krebs, Stefanie: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/10_land_art.pdf Art and Landscape]''''' Artscape Nordland presents 33 works of art in the Norwegian fjord landscape. Different positions on art and landscape range from staging elementary forces and creating spaces for social interaction to re-romanticization and the sublime.

*'''Schmitz, Martin: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/11_lucius_burckhardt.pdf The Strollology of Lucius Burckhardt]''''' The political economist, sociologist, art historian and planning theorist Lucius Burckhardt founded "strollology" in the 1980s at the University of Kassel, Germany. It deals with human perception and its feedback into planning and building.

*'''Ranatunga, Priyanka: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/12_tsunami.pdf Cultural Landscape and Tsunami Resettlement]''''' Following the 2004 tsunami in Sri Lanka, landscape architects re-interpreted ancient human settlement patterns in order to re-locate affected peoples into culturally and ecological sensitive communities.

*'''Adams, Ann: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/13_holistic_landscape.pdf Dimbangombe Project – A Holistic Landscape Approach]''''' Over the past decade there has been increasing interest in natural capitalism and a holistic approach to resource management. The Dimbangombe Project in Zimbabwe focuses on creating a healthy landscape.

*'''Yu, Kongjian: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/14_china.pdf Positioning Contemporary Landscape Architecture in China]''''' In an era of multiple unprecedented challenges imposed by the processes of industrialization and urbanization, landscape architecture is now on the verge of change in China. It is time for this profession to take the great opportunity to position itself to play the key role in rebuilding the Land of Peach Blossoms for a new society of urbanized, globalized and inter-connected people.

=== '''Topos 58/2007 ''City Strategies''''' ===

''Cities are responsible for accommodating most of the world population. Cities grow; big ones get even bigger; new satellite towns are supposed to ease the strain on city centres. Urban planners therefore face major tasks in creating liveable urban environments for millions of people. Topos presents examples of urban design strategies, in Sydney, Shanghai, Dubai, London, Madrid, Chicago, Vancouver and Bogotá.''

*'''Hawken, Scott: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/01_sydney.pdf Sydney – City of Landscapes]''''' Since the 2000 Olympics, and in light of an ongoing explosion in population, the need for a drastic overhaul of Sydney's urban system has become clear. A series of new landscape projects provide physical models that respond to diverse planning challenges.

*'''Kögel, Eduard: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/02_shanghai01.pdf Metropolitan Region Shanghai]''''' The town planning history of Shanghai has taken many turns with political change in the past century. A consistent planning strategy could not be implemented until the 1990s when development really took off. The achievements will be presented to an international audience at the World Expo 2010.

*'''Ruff, Stefanie and Dong, Nannan: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/03_shanghai02.pdf Managing Urban Growth in Shanghai]''''' The targeted urbanisation of Shanghai's suburbs leads to a decentralized growth that forms a polycentric regional network. New Towns take various Western urban developments as their models.

*'''Woodman, Ellis: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/04_london.pdf Livingstone's London]''''' Mayor Ken Livingstone has already had considerable impact on London's built environment, but in the coming years his policies are set to transform the city to an unprecedented degree.

*'''Ng, Waikeen and Vegara, Alfonso: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/05_madrid.pdf Spain's Growing Capital City]''''' Large infrastructure projects represent a major step forward for Madrid's transport planning, preparing the city for the future – and the next Olympic bid.

*'''Davis, Mike : ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/06_dubai.pdf Fear and Money in Dubai]''''' Some may consider Dubai the prototype of the 21st century metropolis. Mike Davis describes the luxury urban enclave as the apotheosis of neo-liberalism. Petrodollars are invested in fantasy worlds and architectural landmarks to establish the city as a brand on the world market.

*'''Burger, Don, Roehr, Daniel and Soules, Matthew: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/07_vancouver.pdf Mirage Metropolis]''''' Vancouver has become such a global model for urbanism that Vancouverism refers to the twin ideals of increased residential density and liveability in the city core. The article critically reflects on this approach which, despite its many failings, nevertheless creates new possibilities for landscape.

*'''Lindke, Lybra: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/08_chicago01.pdf Chicago's Green Strategies]''''' Long since considered an industrial and economic workhorse within the United States, Chicago's approach to redefining its greenscape has changed its reputation from a city laden with underutilized and vacant manufacturing and industrial sites to a city striving to become a model for comprehensive green urbanism.

*'''Chappell, Jim: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/09_chicago02.pdf Chicago Central Area Plan]''''' Subtitled "Preparing the Central City for the 21st Century", the Chicago Central Area Plan is nothing less than the next step in Chicago's hundred-year quest to build the world's greatest city, and build it according to a plan.

*'''Fajardo, Martha Cecilia and Kawashima, Noboru: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/10_bogota.pdf Bogotá Transformations]''''' Implementation of a series of masterplans in recent years has turned Bogotá from a chaotic, unsafe city into a capital with a progressive transport system, public parks, pedestrian and cycle networks.

*'''van Oers, Ron: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=1481 Safeguarding the Historic Urban Landscape]''''' More and more historic cities adopt strategies and policies that assign an important role to heritage in the city's social and economic development. A well-managed historic urban landscape is a strong competitive tool as it attracts not only tourists, but capital and residents as well. It is essential to establish an active partnership between conservation and development.

Literature and Resources Cultural Landscapes 2010

2010-04-27T12:21:40Z

Ieva Kiesnere:

'''[http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Cultural_Landscapes_2010 Back to Seminar Outline]'''

== Thematic fields according to the 2010 ECLAS conference "Cultural Landscapes" ==
[[Image:100410 cultural landscapes mind map.jpeg|thumb|1050px|Thematic map "Cultural Landscapes"|none]]

=== Cultural Landscapes: Education, research methods and approaches ===
''such as profession based education, multi-disciplinary education, interdisciplinary education etc.''

*'''Author:''' [moodle link Title] (Student) [[Title - concept map]]

=== Responses of cultural landscapes to changing natural processes ===
''such as climate change, re-colonization of abandoned lands, impact of emerging need for sustainability etc.''

*'''Author:''' [moodle link Title] (Student) [[Title - concept map]]

=== Landscapes as a reflection of changing cultural processes ===
''such as globalization, multiculturalism, emerging awareness to sustainability, etc.''

*'''Author:''' [moodle link Title] (Student) [[Title - concept map]]

=== Technology as a driver of cultural landscape change ===
''such as international styles, disappearing vernacular styles as a result of increased visual images through internet as well as advanced technology to enable new construction methods and techniques and capability to use new materials or recycled materials, etc. ''

*'''Author:''' [moodle link Title] (Student) [[Title - concept map]]

'''[http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Cultural_Landscapes_2010 Back to Seminar Outline]'''

== Articles for reading exercise ==

'''''Note: Please do only subscribe to an article that has already been linked!!! It is not guaranteed that the other articles will still be linked.'''''

=== '''Topos 26/1999 ''IBA - a renewal concept for a region ''''' '''''still to be linked''''' ===

''The focus of Topos 26 is on one region in one country: the Emscher region in North Rhine-Westphalia, a part of the Ruhr district. Once the industrial heart of Europe, the site of ruthless industrialization, it had overslept structural change. Now it is the home of the IBA (International Building Exhibition) Emscher Park.''

*'''Kohler, Dorothée: ''The IBA Emscher Park – a typically German project?''''' In France the achievements of the IBA are considered outstanding. For such a megaproject, however, the organisation is not French at all.

*'''Dettmar, Jörg: ''Wilderness or park?''''' The Leftover Land Project taking place as part of the Emscher Park IBA introduces the concept of "industrial nature".

*'''Poblotzki, Ursula: ''Transformation of a landscape''''' The Ruhr is witnessing the application of urban green planning principles to a whole region as a motor of structural change.

*'''Schwarze-Rodrian, Michael: ''Intercommunal co-operation in the Emscher Landscape Park''''' The new regional park in the Ruhr area could only have been planned and built by going across all borders. A concept and its strategies.

*'''Weilacher, Udo: ''Rusty-brown and Phacelia blue – landmark art by the IBA''''' Mountains, rivers, churches or castles often lend character to landscapes. In the Ruhr, artistic landmarks help perform this role.

*'''Diedrich, Lisa: ''No politics, no park: the Duisburg-Nord model''''' The Duisburg-Nord Landscape Park exemplifies the close co-operation between IBA managers and designers.

*'''Kunzmann, Klaus R.: ''White work elephants in the Ruhr district's park of the future''''' Sixteen new commercial and technology parks in the Ruhr area are the signs of new times – but their success is not assured.

*'''Oldengott, Martin: ''The Castrop-Rauxel ecological network''''' The spirit of the IBA has inspired municipal planning offices: they now boast intercommunal projects of their own.

*'''Wachten, Kunibert: ''Housing developments in integrated sites''''' The revived culture of the Ruhr area housing estates features new construction with moderate densities and makes use of historic capital.

*'''Schäfer, Robert: ''Emscher Park Building Exhibition: a motor of structural change''''' In 1999, the IBA presents the outcome of projects and plans concerned with the regeneration of an old industrial region.

*'''Pehnt, Wolfgang: ''Changes have to take place in people's heads first''''' The IBA Emscher Park has provided the Ruhr with a new identity and opened up new paths, both in the outside world and in people's minds.

=== '''Topos 44/2003 ''Conversion''''' '''''still to be linked''''' ===

''Perforations, shrinkage, intermediate city – we know the terms for these processes but are not so sure about solutions for the problems caused by this landscape change. In any case, landscape is always involved.''

*'''Christiaanse, Kees: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/b6eea36d_H__fen.pdf New urbanism in former harbours] ''''' Colourful archipelago districts are appearing in harbour areas. Radically mixed uses provide an example for the whole city.

*'''Sebastyanski, Roman: ''Young City, Gdansk''''' Strikes and the Solidarity movement made the Gdansk harbour known all over the world. Now it is the site of a new city district.

*'''Boeri, Stefano: ''Thessaloniki: Gateway to the Balkans''''' The infrastructure planned in the framework of the EU's eastward expansion is to make Thessaloniki the "new gateway to the Balkans".

*'''Alday Sanz, Inaki and Jover Biboum, Margarita: ''The Gallego river waterfront, Zuera, Spain''''' Town planning improvements, a bull ring and a flood plain that doubles as a park are the results of a river engineering project. In the spanish town Zuera the conversion of the southern bank of the river Gallego and the revival of a town district were determined by three objectives.

*'''Leppert, Stefan: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/fb572c9b_Westpark.pdf Westpark Bochum, Germany]''''' Mainly involving provision of access to existing elements, the concept for the park at a former steelworks is a simple one.

*'''Meyer, Sandra and de Visser, Rik: ''Master plan for Reden Mine''''' A new landscape offering gardens and modern architecture is coming about amongst the ruderal vegetation of an old pithead.

*'''Weilacher, Udo and Dettmar, Jörg: ''Landscape as a process''''' The city is wherever an urban lifestyle is. That means it is almost everywhere. What role does that give landscape?

*'''Firth, Kathryn: ''Greenwich Peninsula Regeneration''''' Dense urban areas are developing around a central park on the former industrial areas on the Greenwich Peninsula in London.

*'''Prominski, Martin: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/bb305df8_Surplus.pdf Surplus land - Perspectives for the cultural landscape]''''' Farmers are going; new settlers are coming. Students at TU Berlin developed ideas for a different land use.

==='''Topos 47/2004 ''Landscape concepts''''' ===

''Behind every change in the landscape picture are social and economic mechanisms for which we are all to blame, some of us more than others, depending on what we put in our shopping basket or where we go for the weekend. This is also where an important task for landscape architects lies. Its a great challenge to participate in creating the social, economic and legal framework conditions that shape the landscape from the outset. Another is also to find an up-date aesthetic expression.''

*'''Christiaanse, Kees: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/fa14f4a3_Christiaanse.pdf Situations in the settled landscape]''''' The urbanisation and fragmentation of the landscape call for creative strategies rather than preoccupation with tradition.

*'''Hunt, John Dixon: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/ff0312ba_Hunt.pdf On the perception of the term landscape]''''' Landscape is a notion which is perceived differently depending on one's social and geographical roots and education.

*'''Cauquelin, Anne: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/cfcf1e65_Anne.pdf Timescapes]''''' Non-stop nature: always available and ever expressing the esteem it enjoys in the society concerned. Today's perspective is global.

=== '''Topos 53/2005 ''Traffic''''' '''''still to be linked''''' ===

''Bridges, roads, airports, boulevards, bicycle paths or railway tracks ? the range of traffic structures that should not only be well planned but also attractively designed in the context of their urban or rural surroundings is very broad.''

*'''Detzlhofer, Anna: ''Landscape Becomes Established''''' Large-scale modelling of the terrain integrates a new motorway on the south periphery of Vienna with the landscape. Geometrically shaped landmarks facilitate orientation for drivers and local residents.

*'''Becker, Carlo W.: ''Across the Periphery – Leipzig North''''' In response to the strong transformation processes of past decades, the City of Leipzig commissioned a spatial concept for its periphery. bgmr Landscape Architects developed an urban cultural landscape.

*'''Lasserre, Olivier: ''Planting Patterns seen from the Air''''' The Swiss landscape architect Olivier Lasserre photographs cultural landscapes from a slowly flying helicopter. With his pictures from above he hopes to draw our attention to the beauty and the landscape qualities of modern agriculture.

*'''Bowtell, Peter: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/c3500844_Webb.pdf Webb Bridge, Melbourne]''''' The artfully entwined structure of Webb Bridge inspires many possible associations: from snake to sea shells or fishing net to boomerang. The new landmark at Melbourne Docklands works as a link across the Yarra River as well as a meeting point and a pleasant place to be.

*'''Pachnicke, Peter: ''The Bridge Landscape of Emscher Park''''' Rehabilitating the River Emscher, misused as a wastewater canal, forms the foundation for redesigning the industrial landscape in the Ruhr district. The artistic bridges in the network of hiking and cycling trails are symbols of the new landscape.

*'''Suwanarit, Asan: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/c12884f6_Bangkok.pdf The Skytrain in Bangkok]''''' The enormous elevated structure of the Bangkok Transit System, commonly known as the Skytrain, has radically changed the means of experiencing passing through the heart of Bangkok's downtown. Today, this structure is continuing its transformation as a complex dynamic across this metropolitan landscape.

*'''Fiol Costa, Carmen: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/e6023ae2_Barce.pdf The Gran Via in Barcelona]''''' After many years of discussion and participative processes the remodelling of the transport artery, the Gran Via is now underway. The partial covering of the road reduces the dominance of vehicular traffic and creates new green spaces.

=== '''Topos 56/2006 ''Cultural Landscapes''''' ===

''All over the world, the economic activities of mankind leave their mark on the landscape. Depending on land use, topography and climate, cultural landscapes differ greatly. Besides covering the preservation and rehabilitation of particular cultural landscapes, this issue of Topos focuses mainly on the transformations of landscapes and the challenges for planners involved. Examples range from an Italian wind farm to Bangkok's aquacultural landscape.''

*'''Moderini, Daniela and Selano, Giovanni: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/01_windscapes.pdf Windscapes]''''' The experimental wind farms of San Chirico and Spina combine renewable energy and information technologies with the region's distinguished culture to create an innovative strategy for communicating the landscape's inherent complexity.

*'''Briand, Gilles and Mousquet, François-Xavier: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/d26ec62d_Basin.pdf Reversing the Image of a Coal Basin]''''' Long regarded as a serious handicap, the coal basin's brownfield sites in the French Nord Pas de Calais region, heritage of a glorious industrial past, constitute an experimental laboratory for the regeneration of derelict post-industrial land.

*'''Bokern, Anneke: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/03_westergasfabriek.pdf Westergasfabriek Cultural Park]''''' The interim cultural uses of the former gasworks in Amsterdam led to converting the grounds into a "cultural park". The design intends to demonstrate transformations in the relationship between humans and nature over the last century.

*'''McGrath, Brian and Thaitakoo, Danai: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/f2dd7b91_Agri.pdf Bangkok`s Agri- and Aquacultural Fringe]''''' Bangkok's contemporary transportation system reflects ancient layers of waterborne urbanism overlaid with a modern automobile-driven metropolis. Between these conditions, a fresh opportunity arises to re-assess the composite cultural landscape for future bio-energy production.

*'''Dailami, Ahmed and Doherty, Gareth: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/05_bahrain.pdf Cultural Continuums in Bahrain]''''' Bahrain is experiencing a tumultuous period of restructuring and expansion with an architectural language rooted in a silently salient binary of traditional versus contemporary. Transition and change are not new to Bahrain, having formed an assortment of landscapes that speak of a far more varied and complex place.

*'''Akerlund, Ulrika : ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/06_russian_country.pdf Russian Coutnry Estates]''''' Primarily a country base for the bourgeois, the usadba had a significant social role in pre-revolutionary Russia. Although many are now in ruins, and the needs and structure of society have changed, the agency of the usadba as a cultural hub and focus for rural communities is being rediscovered.

*'''O'Donnell, Patricia M.: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/07_designed_landscapes.pdf Preserving Designed Cultural Landscapes]''''' There is a broad legacy of cultural landscapes as designed, evolved, relic and associative properties in the USA. While cultural landscapes of all types hold interest for the planning professions, understanding the designed landscape and intervening to further its preservation is most readily taken up by design professionals.

*'''Playdon, Dennis: ''[http://www.topos.de/media/Heftthema/c9811c28_Acoma.pdf Acoma - A Landscape of Settlement]''''' There is a broad legacy of cultural landscapes as designed, evolved, relic and associative properties in the USA. While cultural landscapes of all types hold interest for the planning professions, understanding the designed landscape and intervening to further its preservation is most readily taken up by design professionals.

*'''Shannon, Kelly: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/09_drosscape.pdf Drosscape]''''' New landscapes are continuously created while others are destroyed. The cultural landscapes of the 21st century include the globe's vast post-industrial landscapes, and territories simply consumed by sprawling development. (Ieva Kiesnere)

*'''Krebs, Stefanie: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/10_land_art.pdf Art and Landscape]''''' Artscape Nordland presents 33 works of art in the Norwegian fjord landscape. Different positions on art and landscape range from staging elementary forces and creating spaces for social interaction to re-romanticization and the sublime.

*'''Schmitz, Martin: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/11_lucius_burckhardt.pdf The Strollology of Lucius Burckhardt]''''' The political economist, sociologist, art historian and planning theorist Lucius Burckhardt founded "strollology" in the 1980s at the University of Kassel, Germany. It deals with human perception and its feedback into planning and building.

*'''Ranatunga, Priyanka: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/12_tsunami.pdf Cultural Landscape and Tsunami Resettlement]''''' Following the 2004 tsunami in Sri Lanka, landscape architects re-interpreted ancient human settlement patterns in order to re-locate affected peoples into culturally and ecological sensitive communities.

*'''Adams, Ann: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/13_holistic_landscape.pdf Dimbangombe Project – A Holistic Landscape Approach]''''' Over the past decade there has been increasing interest in natural capitalism and a holistic approach to resource management. The Dimbangombe Project in Zimbabwe focuses on creating a healthy landscape.

*'''Yu, Kongjian: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_56_2006/14_china.pdf Positioning Contemporary Landscape Architecture in China]''''' In an era of multiple unprecedented challenges imposed by the processes of industrialization and urbanization, landscape architecture is now on the verge of change in China. It is time for this profession to take the great opportunity to position itself to play the key role in rebuilding the Land of Peach Blossoms for a new society of urbanized, globalized and inter-connected people.

=== '''Topos 58/2007 ''City Strategies''''' ===

''Cities are responsible for accommodating most of the world population. Cities grow; big ones get even bigger; new satellite towns are supposed to ease the strain on city centres. Urban planners therefore face major tasks in creating liveable urban environments for millions of people. Topos presents examples of urban design strategies, in Sydney, Shanghai, Dubai, London, Madrid, Chicago, Vancouver and Bogotá.''

*'''Hawken, Scott: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/01_sydney.pdf Sydney – City of Landscapes]''''' Since the 2000 Olympics, and in light of an ongoing explosion in population, the need for a drastic overhaul of Sydney's urban system has become clear. A series of new landscape projects provide physical models that respond to diverse planning challenges.

*'''Kögel, Eduard: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/02_shanghai01.pdf Metropolitan Region Shanghai]''''' The town planning history of Shanghai has taken many turns with political change in the past century. A consistent planning strategy could not be implemented until the 1990s when development really took off. The achievements will be presented to an international audience at the World Expo 2010.

*'''Ruff, Stefanie and Dong, Nannan: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/03_shanghai02.pdf Managing Urban Growth in Shanghai]''''' The targeted urbanisation of Shanghai's suburbs leads to a decentralized growth that forms a polycentric regional network. New Towns take various Western urban developments as their models.

*'''Woodman, Ellis: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/04_london.pdf Livingstone's London]''''' Mayor Ken Livingstone has already had considerable impact on London's built environment, but in the coming years his policies are set to transform the city to an unprecedented degree.

*'''Ng, Waikeen and Vegara, Alfonso: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/05_madrid.pdf Spain's Growing Capital City]''''' Large infrastructure projects represent a major step forward for Madrid's transport planning, preparing the city for the future – and the next Olympic bid.

*'''Davis, Mike : ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/06_dubai.pdf Fear and Money in Dubai]''''' Some may consider Dubai the prototype of the 21st century metropolis. Mike Davis describes the luxury urban enclave as the apotheosis of neo-liberalism. Petrodollars are invested in fantasy worlds and architectural landmarks to establish the city as a brand on the world market.

*'''Burger, Don, Roehr, Daniel and Soules, Matthew: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/07_vancouver.pdf Mirage Metropolis]''''' Vancouver has become such a global model for urbanism that Vancouverism refers to the twin ideals of increased residential density and liveability in the city core. The article critically reflects on this approach which, despite its many failings, nevertheless creates new possibilities for landscape.

*'''Lindke, Lybra: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/08_chicago01.pdf Chicago's Green Strategies]''''' Long since considered an industrial and economic workhorse within the United States, Chicago's approach to redefining its greenscape has changed its reputation from a city laden with underutilized and vacant manufacturing and industrial sites to a city striving to become a model for comprehensive green urbanism.

*'''Chappell, Jim: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/09_chicago02.pdf Chicago Central Area Plan]''''' Subtitled "Preparing the Central City for the 21st Century", the Chicago Central Area Plan is nothing less than the next step in Chicago's hundred-year quest to build the world's greatest city, and build it according to a plan.

*'''Fajardo, Martha Cecilia and Kawashima, Noboru: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/75/Topos_58_2007/10_bogota.pdf Bogotá Transformations]''''' Implementation of a series of masterplans in recent years has turned Bogotá from a chaotic, unsafe city into a capital with a progressive transport system, public parks, pedestrian and cycle networks.

*'''van Oers, Ron: ''[http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=1481 Safeguarding the Historic Urban Landscape]''''' More and more historic cities adopt strategies and policies that assign an important role to heritage in the city's social and economic development. A well-managed historic urban landscape is a strong competitive tool as it attracts not only tourists, but capital and residents as well. It is essential to establish an active partnership between conservation and development.