Wikienfk5 - User contributions [en]

Collaborative Design Planting Design Working Group 6

2014-01-20T04:04:57Z

Hyeyoon Choi: /* Design Synthesis */

---> back to group page [[Planting_Design_2013_-_Working_Group_6|working group 6]]

'''''Tayrona National Natural Park: Natural environments, and how they return us to our roots.'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Tayrona National Natural Park''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Colombian Caribbean - Magdalena''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Colombia''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''María Fernanda González Duque''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:p.tayrona.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=11.296934
|lng=-74.166496
|zoom=8
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

The Tayrona National Natural Park (Spanish: Parque Nacional Natural Tayrona), is located in the Department of Magdalena, north of Colombia, in the Caribbean sea. With approximately 30 Km2 of maritime area and 150 Km2 of land area, is one of the most visited Natural parks of this country. Its extension goes from Taganga (western side) trough the coastline, until the Piedras River (eastern side).

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:t.mapa.jpg|''Park Location''
Image:t.mapa2.jpg
Image:t.mapa3.jpg
</gallery>

*'''''Biogeography''':
'''''Ecosystems''''':
Due to the different altitudes presents around the park and the pyramid shape of the mountains, we can find temperatures between 25º and 32º, these conditions makes the park have a very dry or wet weather; here we can find tropical rainforest, dry forest, spiny forest, submontane forest, cloud forest and several ecosystems, such as Mangroves, Seagrasses, Coral reefs, Rocky coastline, Lagoons, etc.

'''''Hydrography''''':
Consists of two drainage systems, the maritime one is formed by a set of small streams and creeks that flow into the sea and the continental one is formed by the streams that flow into the Rio Piedras.

'''''Flora and Fauna''''':
The park has a natural wealth flora of over 350 maritime species and 770 terrestrial along with an extensive fauna, 15 species of amphibians, 202 species of sponges, 471 species of crustaceans, 96 species of annuals, 700 species of molluscs, 110 species of corals and 401 species of sea and river fish, 108 species of mammals, 300 species of birds, 70 species of bats, 31 species of reptiles. The coastal zone has the greatest wealth of marine vegetation of the whole Colombian Caribbean, with more than 31 types of different plants

*'''''Cultural features''''':
'''''History''''':
The Tayrona, an ancient indigenous group of chiefdoms, dwelled this region (Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta) between the 800 a.C. and the 1600 a.C., before the arrival of the Spanish in Colombia, their economy was based on agriculture of fruital trees, corn crops and plants. They developed their civilization at 900 - 2000 meters above the sea, due to the mild climate and the variety of local products.

1498: First contact between indigenous and Spanish with Fernando González de Oviedo.

1525: Foundation of Santa Marta city.

1525-1599: Instability between Tayronas and Spanish which led to intense periods of conflict and war.

1600: Beginning of the decimation of the indigenous in hands of the Spanish.

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:t1.jpg|''Ilustration: Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta''
Image:t2.jpg|''Ilustration: The population''
Image:t3.jpg|''Ilustration: The cities''
Image:t4.jpg|''Ilustration: Period of conflict with the Spanish''
</gallery>

The survivors of this decimation were interned in the highest parts of the massif to escape from the Spanish; their descendants are the Kogi, who has maintained themselves isolated so far.

1973: A grave robber, found Lost City (Spanish: Ciudad Perdida).

1976: A Colombian scientific expedition arrived to the Lost City and begging with a process of restoration and conservation of the archaeological remains and the terraces of the city and the entire park.

1979: Is declared a Biosphere reserve of humanity by UNESCO

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:k1.jpg|''Tayronas descendants, The Koguis''
Image:k2.jpg|''Kogui's Houses''
Image:k3.jpg|''Kogui's cities''

</gallery>

The Eco-tourism there, is a great way to being interest and economic infrastructure to the reserve, without causing any damage to the ecosystem. It is amazing to be able to witness such a variety of ecosystems and also the archaeological remains of a Tayrona city of pre-colombian Colombia, the white sand beaches and waters in deep blue, gives great natural and historical diversity to the landscape.''

== What are the objectives of your design? ==

''Please give a short written argumentation (not more than 150 words). It is ok if you have different or even contradicting objectives within your group. Just make it explicit at the beginning of your process ''

■ Accessibility Improvement Plan with Eco Train

One of the issues in Tayrona National Natural Park is accessibility. There are only two ways to access with boat or on foot through trail course and both takes about 1 hr. In case of boat, it is limited by tide. To improve accessibility, I want to suggest eco train in Tayrona National Natural Park. Train is the most eco friendly transportation and it is already introduced in primeval forest in Jeju Island, Korea. It minimizes the effects on forest with single lane narrow mini train but provide a great experience for tourist to observe virgin nature of volcanic forest.

To minimize interference on nature in Tayrona Park, it is strongly recommended to set buffer zone along coastal line, where the most popular spots exist and plan the lane of train inside of buffer zone. Train is operated regularly and it is possible to restrict people explore outside of buffer zone so core area of nature would be preserved efficiently. Furthermore, guide explanation in the train could help tourist understand cultural and historical background.

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing.''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:a1.jpg|Elevation of the Park, main different heights
Image:Accessibility.png|Accessibility and Improvement Plan
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|analytical drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|analytical drawing 4
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes), of course with an emphasis on planting design/vegetation aspects. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing representing his/her individual ideas.''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Railway in tayrona.png|Railway and Planting Plan
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|projective drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|projective drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|projective drawing 4
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==
''Please analyse the individual approaches presented so far and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses (you may use the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis SWOT]analysis model). Try to create a synthesis and represent it with a plan and some sketches. You can still use drawings/sketches.''

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Swot railway.png|SWOT Analysis on Eco train
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|synthesis drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|synthesis drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|synthesis drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''Please reflect on your collaborative design process. Which potentials have you encountered? What was most difficult? What does collaborative design mean for you? (approx 150 words).''

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Jeju eco train 2.jpg|Jeju Island Eco Train
Image:East coastal line.jpg|Single track east coastal line in Korea
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|image 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|image 4
</gallery>

== References ==
''* Please make sure that you give proper references of all external resources used.''

''* Do not use images of which you do not hold the copyright.''

''* Please add internet links to other resources if necessary.''

----
[[Category:Planting Design 2013 Collaborative Design]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

File:Swot railway.png

2014-01-20T04:03:37Z

Hyeyoon Choi:

Collaborative Design Planting Design Working Group 6

2014-01-19T09:50:21Z

Hyeyoon Choi: /* Projective drawings */

---> back to group page [[Planting_Design_2013_-_Working_Group_6|working group 6]]

'''''Tayrona National Natural Park: Natural environments, and how they return us to our roots.'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Tayrona National Natural Park''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Colombian Caribbean - Magdalena''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Colombia''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''María Fernanda González Duque''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:p.tayrona.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=11.296934
|lng=-74.166496
|zoom=8
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

The Tayrona National Natural Park (Spanish: Parque Nacional Natural Tayrona), is located in the Department of Magdalena, north of Colombia, in the Caribbean sea. With approximately 30 Km2 of maritime area and 150 Km2 of land area, is one of the most visited Natural parks of this country. Its extension goes from Taganga (western side) trough the coastline, until the Piedras River (eastern side).

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:t.mapa.jpg|''Park Location''
Image:t.mapa2.jpg
Image:t.mapa3.jpg
</gallery>

*'''''Biogeography''':
'''''Ecosystems''''':
Due to the different altitudes presents around the park and the pyramid shape of the mountains, we can find temperatures between 25º and 32º, these conditions makes the park have a very dry or wet weather; here we can find tropical rainforest, dry forest, spiny forest, submontane forest, cloud forest and several ecosystems, such as Mangroves, Seagrasses, Coral reefs, Rocky coastline, Lagoons, etc.

'''''Hydrography''''':
Consists of two drainage systems, the maritime one is formed by a set of small streams and creeks that flow into the sea and the continental one is formed by the streams that flow into the Rio Piedras.

'''''Flora and Fauna''''':
The park has a natural wealth flora of over 350 maritime species and 770 terrestrial along with an extensive fauna, 15 species of amphibians, 202 species of sponges, 471 species of crustaceans, 96 species of annuals, 700 species of molluscs, 110 species of corals and 401 species of sea and river fish, 108 species of mammals, 300 species of birds, 70 species of bats, 31 species of reptiles. The coastal zone has the greatest wealth of marine vegetation of the whole Colombian Caribbean, with more than 31 types of different plants

*'''''Cultural features''''':
'''''History''''':
The Tayrona, an ancient indigenous group of chiefdoms, dwelled this region (Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta) between the 800 a.C. and the 1600 a.C., before the arrival of the Spanish in Colombia, their economy was based on agriculture of fruital trees, corn crops and plants. They developed their civilization at 900 - 2000 meters above the sea, due to the mild climate and the variety of local products.

1498: First contact between indigenous and Spanish with Fernando González de Oviedo.

1525: Foundation of Santa Marta city.

1525-1599: Instability between Tayronas and Spanish which led to intense periods of conflict and war.

1600: Beginning of the decimation of the indigenous in hands of the Spanish.

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:t1.jpg|''Ilustration: Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta''
Image:t2.jpg|''Ilustration: The population''
Image:t3.jpg|''Ilustration: The cities''
Image:t4.jpg|''Ilustration: Period of conflict with the Spanish''
</gallery>

The survivors of this decimation were interned in the highest parts of the massif to escape from the Spanish; their descendants are the Kogi, who has maintained themselves isolated so far.

1973: A grave robber, found Lost City (Spanish: Ciudad Perdida).

1976: A Colombian scientific expedition arrived to the Lost City and begging with a process of restoration and conservation of the archaeological remains and the terraces of the city and the entire park.

1979: Is declared a Biosphere reserve of humanity by UNESCO

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:k1.jpg|''Tayronas descendants, The Koguis''
Image:k2.jpg|''Kogui's Houses''
Image:k3.jpg|''Kogui's cities''

</gallery>

The Eco-tourism there, is a great way to being interest and economic infrastructure to the reserve, without causing any damage to the ecosystem. It is amazing to be able to witness such a variety of ecosystems and also the archaeological remains of a Tayrona city of pre-colombian Colombia, the white sand beaches and waters in deep blue, gives great natural and historical diversity to the landscape.''

== What are the objectives of your design? ==

''Please give a short written argumentation (not more than 150 words). It is ok if you have different or even contradicting objectives within your group. Just make it explicit at the beginning of your process ''

■ Accessibility Improvement Plan with Eco Train

One of the issues in Tayrona National Natural Park is accessibility. There are only two ways to access with boat or on foot through trail course and both takes about 1 hr. In case of boat, it is limited by tide. To improve accessibility, I want to suggest eco train in Tayrona National Natural Park. Train is the most eco friendly transportation and it is already introduced in primeval forest in Jeju Island, Korea. It minimizes the effects on forest with single lane narrow mini train but provide a great experience for tourist to observe virgin nature of volcanic forest.

To minimize interference on nature in Tayrona Park, it is strongly recommended to set buffer zone along coastal line, where the most popular spots exist and plan the lane of train inside of buffer zone. Train is operated regularly and it is possible to restrict people explore outside of buffer zone so core area of nature would be preserved efficiently. Furthermore, guide explanation in the train could help tourist understand cultural and historical background.

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing.''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:a1.jpg|Elevation of the Park, main different heights
Image:Accessibility.png|Accessibility and Improvement Plan
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|analytical drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|analytical drawing 4
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes), of course with an emphasis on planting design/vegetation aspects. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing representing his/her individual ideas.''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Railway in tayrona.png|Railway and Planting Plan
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|projective drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|projective drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|projective drawing 4
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==
''Please analyse the individual approaches presented so far and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses (you may use the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis SWOT]analysis model). Try to create a synthesis and represent it with a plan and some sketches. You can still use drawings/sketches.''

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|synthesis drawing 1
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|synthesis drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|synthesis drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|synthesis drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''Please reflect on your collaborative design process. Which potentials have you encountered? What was most difficult? What does collaborative design mean for you? (approx 150 words).''

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Jeju eco train 2.jpg|Jeju Island Eco Train
Image:East coastal line.jpg|Single track east coastal line in Korea
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|image 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|image 4
</gallery>

== References ==
''* Please make sure that you give proper references of all external resources used.''

''* Do not use images of which you do not hold the copyright.''

''* Please add internet links to other resources if necessary.''

----
[[Category:Planting Design 2013 Collaborative Design]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

File:Railway in tayrona.png

2014-01-19T09:48:32Z

Hyeyoon Choi:

Collaborative Design Planting Design Working Group 6

2014-01-14T13:09:58Z

Hyeyoon Choi: /* What are the objectives of your design? */

---> back to group page [[Planting_Design_2013_-_Working_Group_6|working group 6]]

'''''Tayrona National Natural Park: Natural environments, and how they return us to our roots.'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Tayrona National Natural Park''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Colombian Caribbean - Magdalena''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Colombia''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''María Fernanda González Duque''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:p.tayrona.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=11.296934
|lng=-74.166496
|zoom=8
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

The Tayrona National Natural Park (Spanish: Parque Nacional Natural Tayrona), is located in the Department of Magdalena, north of Colombia, in the Caribbean sea. With approximately 30 Km2 of maritime area and 150 Km2 of land area, is one of the most visited Natural parks of this country. Its extension goes from Taganga (western side) trough the coastline, until the Piedras River (eastern side).

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:t.mapa.jpg|''Park Location''
Image:t.mapa2.jpg
Image:t.mapa3.jpg
</gallery>

*'''''Biogeography''':
'''''Ecosystems''''':
Due to the different altitudes presents around the park and the pyramid shape of the mountains, we can find temperatures between 25º and 32º, these conditions makes the park have a very dry or wet weather; here we can find tropical rainforest, dry forest, spiny forest, submontane forest, cloud forest and several ecosystems, such as Mangroves, Seagrasses, Coral reefs, Rocky coastline, Lagoons, etc.

'''''Hydrography''''':
Consists of two drainage systems, the maritime one is formed by a set of small streams and creeks that flow into the sea and the continental one is formed by the streams that flow into the Rio Piedras.

'''''Flora and Fauna''''':
The park has a natural wealth flora of over 350 maritime species and 770 terrestrial along with an extensive fauna, 15 species of amphibians, 202 species of sponges, 471 species of crustaceans, 96 species of annuals, 700 species of molluscs, 110 species of corals and 401 species of sea and river fish, 108 species of mammals, 300 species of birds, 70 species of bats, 31 species of reptiles. The coastal zone has the greatest wealth of marine vegetation of the whole Colombian Caribbean, with more than 31 types of different plants

*'''''Cultural features''''':
'''''History''''':
The Tayrona, an ancient indigenous group of chiefdoms, dwelled this region (Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta) between the 800 a.C. and the 1600 a.C., before the arrival of the Spanish in Colombia, their economy was based on agriculture of fruital trees, corn crops and plants. They developed their civilization at 900 - 2000 meters above the sea, due to the mild climate and the variety of local products.

1498: First contact between indigenous and Spanish with Fernando González de Oviedo.

1525: Foundation of Santa Marta city.

1525-1599: Instability between Tayronas and Spanish which led to intense periods of conflict and war.

1600: Beginning of the decimation of the indigenous in hands of the Spanish.

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:t1.jpg|''Ilustration: Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta''
Image:t2.jpg|''Ilustration: The population''
Image:t3.jpg|''Ilustration: The cities''
Image:t4.jpg|''Ilustration: Period of conflict with the Spanish''
</gallery>

The survivors of this decimation were interned in the highest parts of the massif to escape from the Spanish; their descendants are the Kogi, who has maintained themselves isolated so far.

1973: A grave robber, found Lost City (Spanish: Ciudad Perdida).

1976: A Colombian scientific expedition arrived to the Lost City and begging with a process of restoration and conservation of the archaeological remains and the terraces of the city and the entire park.

1979: Is declared a Biosphere reserve of humanity by UNESCO

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:k1.jpg|''Tayronas descendants, The Koguis''
Image:k2.jpg|''Kogui's Houses''
Image:k3.jpg|''Kogui's cities''

</gallery>

The Eco-tourism there, is a great way to being interest and economic infrastructure to the reserve, without causing any damage to the ecosystem. It is amazing to be able to witness such a variety of ecosystems and also the archaeological remains of a Tayrona city of pre-colombian Colombia, the white sand beaches and waters in deep blue, gives great natural and historical diversity to the landscape.''

== What are the objectives of your design? ==

''Please give a short written argumentation (not more than 150 words). It is ok if you have different or even contradicting objectives within your group. Just make it explicit at the beginning of your process ''

■ Accessibility Improvement Plan with Eco Train

One of the issues in Tayrona National Natural Park is accessibility. There are only two ways to access with boat or on foot through trail course and both takes about 1 hr. In case of boat, it is limited by tide. To improve accessibility, I want to suggest eco train in Tayrona National Natural Park. Train is the most eco friendly transportation and it is already introduced in primeval forest in Jeju Island, Korea. It minimizes the effects on forest with single lane narrow mini train but provide a great experience for tourist to observe virgin nature of volcanic forest.

To minimize interference on nature in Tayrona Park, it is strongly recommended to set buffer zone along coastal line, where the most popular spots exist and plan the lane of train inside of buffer zone. Train is operated regularly and it is possible to restrict people explore outside of buffer zone so core area of nature would be preserved efficiently. Furthermore, guide explanation in the train could help tourist understand cultural and historical background.

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing.''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:a1.jpg|Elevation of the Park, main different heights
Image:Accessibility.png|Accessibility and Improvement Plan
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|analytical drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|analytical drawing 4
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes), of course with an emphasis on planting design/vegetation aspects. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing representing his/her individual ideas.''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|projective drawing 1
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|projective drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|projective drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|projective drawing 4
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==
''Please analyse the individual approaches presented so far and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses (you may use the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis SWOT]analysis model). Try to create a synthesis and represent it with a plan and some sketches. You can still use drawings/sketches.''

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|synthesis drawing 1
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|synthesis drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|synthesis drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|synthesis drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''Please reflect on your collaborative design process. Which potentials have you encountered? What was most difficult? What does collaborative design mean for you? (approx 150 words).''

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Jeju eco train 2.jpg|Jeju Island Eco Train
Image:East coastal line.jpg|Single track east coastal line in Korea
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|image 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|image 4
</gallery>

== References ==
''* Please make sure that you give proper references of all external resources used.''

''* Do not use images of which you do not hold the copyright.''

''* Please add internet links to other resources if necessary.''

----
[[Category:Planting Design 2013 Collaborative Design]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Collaborative Design Planting Design Working Group 6

2014-01-14T13:05:23Z

Hyeyoon Choi: /* What are the objectives of your design? */

---> back to group page [[Planting_Design_2013_-_Working_Group_6|working group 6]]

'''''Tayrona National Natural Park: Natural environments, and how they return us to our roots.'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Tayrona National Natural Park''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Colombian Caribbean - Magdalena''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Colombia''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''María Fernanda González Duque''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:p.tayrona.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=11.296934
|lng=-74.166496
|zoom=8
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

The Tayrona National Natural Park (Spanish: Parque Nacional Natural Tayrona), is located in the Department of Magdalena, north of Colombia, in the Caribbean sea. With approximately 30 Km2 of maritime area and 150 Km2 of land area, is one of the most visited Natural parks of this country. Its extension goes from Taganga (western side) trough the coastline, until the Piedras River (eastern side).

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:t.mapa.jpg|''Park Location''
Image:t.mapa2.jpg
Image:t.mapa3.jpg
</gallery>

*'''''Biogeography''':
'''''Ecosystems''''':
Due to the different altitudes presents around the park and the pyramid shape of the mountains, we can find temperatures between 25º and 32º, these conditions makes the park have a very dry or wet weather; here we can find tropical rainforest, dry forest, spiny forest, submontane forest, cloud forest and several ecosystems, such as Mangroves, Seagrasses, Coral reefs, Rocky coastline, Lagoons, etc.

'''''Hydrography''''':
Consists of two drainage systems, the maritime one is formed by a set of small streams and creeks that flow into the sea and the continental one is formed by the streams that flow into the Rio Piedras.

'''''Flora and Fauna''''':
The park has a natural wealth flora of over 350 maritime species and 770 terrestrial along with an extensive fauna, 15 species of amphibians, 202 species of sponges, 471 species of crustaceans, 96 species of annuals, 700 species of molluscs, 110 species of corals and 401 species of sea and river fish, 108 species of mammals, 300 species of birds, 70 species of bats, 31 species of reptiles. The coastal zone has the greatest wealth of marine vegetation of the whole Colombian Caribbean, with more than 31 types of different plants

*'''''Cultural features''''':
'''''History''''':
The Tayrona, an ancient indigenous group of chiefdoms, dwelled this region (Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta) between the 800 a.C. and the 1600 a.C., before the arrival of the Spanish in Colombia, their economy was based on agriculture of fruital trees, corn crops and plants. They developed their civilization at 900 - 2000 meters above the sea, due to the mild climate and the variety of local products.

1498: First contact between indigenous and Spanish with Fernando González de Oviedo.

1525: Foundation of Santa Marta city.

1525-1599: Instability between Tayronas and Spanish which led to intense periods of conflict and war.

1600: Beginning of the decimation of the indigenous in hands of the Spanish.

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:t1.jpg|''Ilustration: Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta''
Image:t2.jpg|''Ilustration: The population''
Image:t3.jpg|''Ilustration: The cities''
Image:t4.jpg|''Ilustration: Period of conflict with the Spanish''
</gallery>

The survivors of this decimation were interned in the highest parts of the massif to escape from the Spanish; their descendants are the Kogi, who has maintained themselves isolated so far.

1973: A grave robber, found Lost City (Spanish: Ciudad Perdida).

1976: A Colombian scientific expedition arrived to the Lost City and begging with a process of restoration and conservation of the archaeological remains and the terraces of the city and the entire park.

1979: Is declared a Biosphere reserve of humanity by UNESCO

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:k1.jpg|''Tayronas descendants, The Koguis''
Image:k2.jpg|''Kogui's Houses''
Image:k3.jpg|''Kogui's cities''

</gallery>

The Eco-tourism there, is a great way to being interest and economic infrastructure to the reserve, without causing any damage to the ecosystem. It is amazing to be able to witness such a variety of ecosystems and also the archaeological remains of a Tayrona city of pre-colombian Colombia, the white sand beaches and waters in deep blue, gives great natural and historical diversity to the landscape.''

== What are the objectives of your design? ==

''Please give a short written argumentation (not more than 150 words). It is ok if you have different or even contradicting objectives within your group. Just make it explicit at the beginning of your process ''

■ Accessibility Improvement Plan with Eco Train

One of the issues in Tayrona National Natural Park is accessibility. There are only two ways to access with boat or on foot through trail course and both takes about 1 hr. In case of boat, it is limited by tide. To improve accessibility, I want to suggest eco train in Tayrona National Natural Park. Train is the most eco friendly transportation and it is already introduced in primeval forest in Jeju Island, Korea. It minimize the effects on forest with single lane narrow mini train but provide a great experience for tourist to observe virgin nature of volcanic forest.

To minimize interference on nature in Tayrona Park, it is strongly recommended to set buffer zone along coastal line, where the most popular spots exist and plan the lane of train inside of buffer zone. Train is operated regularly and it is possible to restrict people explore outside of buffer zone so core area of nature would be preserved efficiently. Furthermore, guide explanation in the train could help tourist understand cultural and historical background.

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing.''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:a1.jpg|Elevation of the Park, main different heights
Image:Accessibility.png|Accessibility and Improvement Plan
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|analytical drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|analytical drawing 4
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes), of course with an emphasis on planting design/vegetation aspects. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing representing his/her individual ideas.''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|projective drawing 1
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|projective drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|projective drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|projective drawing 4
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==
''Please analyse the individual approaches presented so far and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses (you may use the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis SWOT]analysis model). Try to create a synthesis and represent it with a plan and some sketches. You can still use drawings/sketches.''

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|synthesis drawing 1
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|synthesis drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|synthesis drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|synthesis drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''Please reflect on your collaborative design process. Which potentials have you encountered? What was most difficult? What does collaborative design mean for you? (approx 150 words).''

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Jeju eco train 2.jpg|Jeju Island Eco Train
Image:East coastal line.jpg|Single track east coastal line in Korea
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|image 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|image 4
</gallery>

== References ==
''* Please make sure that you give proper references of all external resources used.''

''* Do not use images of which you do not hold the copyright.''

''* Please add internet links to other resources if necessary.''

----
[[Category:Planting Design 2013 Collaborative Design]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Collaborative Design Planting Design Working Group 6

2014-01-14T12:40:06Z

Hyeyoon Choi: /* Image Gallery */

---> back to group page [[Planting_Design_2013_-_Working_Group_6|working group 6]]

'''''Tayrona National Natural Park: Natural environments, and how they return us to our roots.'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Tayrona National Natural Park''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Colombian Caribbean - Magdalena''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Colombia''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''María Fernanda González Duque''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:p.tayrona.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=11.296934
|lng=-74.166496
|zoom=8
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

The Tayrona National Natural Park (Spanish: Parque Nacional Natural Tayrona), is located in the Department of Magdalena, north of Colombia, in the Caribbean sea. With approximately 30 Km2 of maritime area and 150 Km2 of land area, is one of the most visited Natural parks of this country. Its extension goes from Taganga (western side) trough the coastline, until the Piedras River (eastern side).

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:t.mapa.jpg|''Park Location''
Image:t.mapa2.jpg
Image:t.mapa3.jpg
</gallery>

*'''''Biogeography''':
'''''Ecosystems''''':
Due to the different altitudes presents around the park and the pyramid shape of the mountains, we can find temperatures between 25º and 32º, these conditions makes the park have a very dry or wet weather; here we can find tropical rainforest, dry forest, spiny forest, submontane forest, cloud forest and several ecosystems, such as Mangroves, Seagrasses, Coral reefs, Rocky coastline, Lagoons, etc.

'''''Hydrography''''':
Consists of two drainage systems, the maritime one is formed by a set of small streams and creeks that flow into the sea and the continental one is formed by the streams that flow into the Rio Piedras.

'''''Flora and Fauna''''':
The park has a natural wealth flora of over 350 maritime species and 770 terrestrial along with an extensive fauna, 15 species of amphibians, 202 species of sponges, 471 species of crustaceans, 96 species of annuals, 700 species of molluscs, 110 species of corals and 401 species of sea and river fish, 108 species of mammals, 300 species of birds, 70 species of bats, 31 species of reptiles. The coastal zone has the greatest wealth of marine vegetation of the whole Colombian Caribbean, with more than 31 types of different plants

*'''''Cultural features''''':
'''''History''''':
The Tayrona, an ancient indigenous group of chiefdoms, dwelled this region (Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta) between the 800 a.C. and the 1600 a.C., before the arrival of the Spanish in Colombia, their economy was based on agriculture of fruital trees, corn crops and plants. They developed their civilization at 900 - 2000 meters above the sea, due to the mild climate and the variety of local products.

1498: First contact between indigenous and Spanish with Fernando González de Oviedo.

1525: Foundation of Santa Marta city.

1525-1599: Instability between Tayronas and Spanish which led to intense periods of conflict and war.

1600: Beginning of the decimation of the indigenous in hands of the Spanish.

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:t1.jpg|''Ilustration: Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta''
Image:t2.jpg|''Ilustration: The population''
Image:t3.jpg|''Ilustration: The cities''
Image:t4.jpg|''Ilustration: Period of conflict with the Spanish''
</gallery>

The survivors of this decimation were interned in the highest parts of the massif to escape from the Spanish; their descendants are the Kogi, who has maintained themselves isolated so far.

1973: A grave robber, found Lost City (Spanish: Ciudad Perdida).

1976: A Colombian scientific expedition arrived to the Lost City and begging with a process of restoration and conservation of the archaeological remains and the terraces of the city and the entire park.

1979: Is declared a Biosphere reserve of humanity by UNESCO

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:k1.jpg|''Tayronas descendants, The Koguis''
Image:k2.jpg|''Kogui's Houses''
Image:k3.jpg|''Kogui's cities''

</gallery>

The Eco-tourism there, is a great way to being interest and economic infrastructure to the reserve, without causing any damage to the ecosystem. It is amazing to be able to witness such a variety of ecosystems and also the archaeological remains of a Tayrona city of pre-colombian Colombia, the white sand beaches and waters in deep blue, gives great natural and historical diversity to the landscape.''

== What are the objectives of your design? ==

''Please give a short written argumentation (not more than 150 words). It is ok if you have different or even contradicting objectives within your group. Just make it explicit at the beginning of your process ''

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing.''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:a1.jpg|Elevation of the Park, main different heights
Image:Accessibility.png|Accessibility and Improvement Plan
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|analytical drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|analytical drawing 4
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes), of course with an emphasis on planting design/vegetation aspects. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing representing his/her individual ideas.''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|projective drawing 1
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|projective drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|projective drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|projective drawing 4
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==
''Please analyse the individual approaches presented so far and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses (you may use the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis SWOT]analysis model). Try to create a synthesis and represent it with a plan and some sketches. You can still use drawings/sketches.''

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|synthesis drawing 1
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|synthesis drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|synthesis drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|synthesis drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''Please reflect on your collaborative design process. Which potentials have you encountered? What was most difficult? What does collaborative design mean for you? (approx 150 words).''

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Jeju eco train 2.jpg|Jeju Island Eco Train
Image:East coastal line.jpg|Single track east coastal line in Korea
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|image 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|image 4
</gallery>

== References ==
''* Please make sure that you give proper references of all external resources used.''

''* Do not use images of which you do not hold the copyright.''

''* Please add internet links to other resources if necessary.''

----
[[Category:Planting Design 2013 Collaborative Design]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

File:East coastal line.jpg

2014-01-14T12:38:05Z

Hyeyoon Choi:

Collaborative Design Planting Design Working Group 6

2014-01-14T12:36:24Z

Hyeyoon Choi: /* Image Gallery */

---> back to group page [[Planting_Design_2013_-_Working_Group_6|working group 6]]

'''''Tayrona National Natural Park: Natural environments, and how they return us to our roots.'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Tayrona National Natural Park''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Colombian Caribbean - Magdalena''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Colombia''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''María Fernanda González Duque''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:p.tayrona.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=11.296934
|lng=-74.166496
|zoom=8
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

The Tayrona National Natural Park (Spanish: Parque Nacional Natural Tayrona), is located in the Department of Magdalena, north of Colombia, in the Caribbean sea. With approximately 30 Km2 of maritime area and 150 Km2 of land area, is one of the most visited Natural parks of this country. Its extension goes from Taganga (western side) trough the coastline, until the Piedras River (eastern side).

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:t.mapa.jpg|''Park Location''
Image:t.mapa2.jpg
Image:t.mapa3.jpg
</gallery>

*'''''Biogeography''':
'''''Ecosystems''''':
Due to the different altitudes presents around the park and the pyramid shape of the mountains, we can find temperatures between 25º and 32º, these conditions makes the park have a very dry or wet weather; here we can find tropical rainforest, dry forest, spiny forest, submontane forest, cloud forest and several ecosystems, such as Mangroves, Seagrasses, Coral reefs, Rocky coastline, Lagoons, etc.

'''''Hydrography''''':
Consists of two drainage systems, the maritime one is formed by a set of small streams and creeks that flow into the sea and the continental one is formed by the streams that flow into the Rio Piedras.

'''''Flora and Fauna''''':
The park has a natural wealth flora of over 350 maritime species and 770 terrestrial along with an extensive fauna, 15 species of amphibians, 202 species of sponges, 471 species of crustaceans, 96 species of annuals, 700 species of molluscs, 110 species of corals and 401 species of sea and river fish, 108 species of mammals, 300 species of birds, 70 species of bats, 31 species of reptiles. The coastal zone has the greatest wealth of marine vegetation of the whole Colombian Caribbean, with more than 31 types of different plants

*'''''Cultural features''''':
'''''History''''':
The Tayrona, an ancient indigenous group of chiefdoms, dwelled this region (Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta) between the 800 a.C. and the 1600 a.C., before the arrival of the Spanish in Colombia, their economy was based on agriculture of fruital trees, corn crops and plants. They developed their civilization at 900 - 2000 meters above the sea, due to the mild climate and the variety of local products.

1498: First contact between indigenous and Spanish with Fernando González de Oviedo.

1525: Foundation of Santa Marta city.

1525-1599: Instability between Tayronas and Spanish which led to intense periods of conflict and war.

1600: Beginning of the decimation of the indigenous in hands of the Spanish.

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:t1.jpg|''Ilustration: Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta''
Image:t2.jpg|''Ilustration: The population''
Image:t3.jpg|''Ilustration: The cities''
Image:t4.jpg|''Ilustration: Period of conflict with the Spanish''
</gallery>

The survivors of this decimation were interned in the highest parts of the massif to escape from the Spanish; their descendants are the Kogi, who has maintained themselves isolated so far.

1973: A grave robber, found Lost City (Spanish: Ciudad Perdida).

1976: A Colombian scientific expedition arrived to the Lost City and begging with a process of restoration and conservation of the archaeological remains and the terraces of the city and the entire park.

1979: Is declared a Biosphere reserve of humanity by UNESCO

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:k1.jpg|''Tayronas descendants, The Koguis''
Image:k2.jpg|''Kogui's Houses''
Image:k3.jpg|''Kogui's cities''

</gallery>

The Eco-tourism there, is a great way to being interest and economic infrastructure to the reserve, without causing any damage to the ecosystem. It is amazing to be able to witness such a variety of ecosystems and also the archaeological remains of a Tayrona city of pre-colombian Colombia, the white sand beaches and waters in deep blue, gives great natural and historical diversity to the landscape.''

== What are the objectives of your design? ==

''Please give a short written argumentation (not more than 150 words). It is ok if you have different or even contradicting objectives within your group. Just make it explicit at the beginning of your process ''

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing.''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:a1.jpg|Elevation of the Park, main different heights
Image:Accessibility.png|Accessibility and Improvement Plan
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|analytical drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|analytical drawing 4
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes), of course with an emphasis on planting design/vegetation aspects. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing representing his/her individual ideas.''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|projective drawing 1
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|projective drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|projective drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|projective drawing 4
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==
''Please analyse the individual approaches presented so far and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses (you may use the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis SWOT]analysis model). Try to create a synthesis and represent it with a plan and some sketches. You can still use drawings/sketches.''

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|synthesis drawing 1
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|synthesis drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|synthesis drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|synthesis drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''Please reflect on your collaborative design process. Which potentials have you encountered? What was most difficult? What does collaborative design mean for you? (approx 150 words).''

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Jeju eco train 2.jpg|Jeju Island Eco Train
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|image 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|image 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|image 4
</gallery>

== References ==
''* Please make sure that you give proper references of all external resources used.''

''* Do not use images of which you do not hold the copyright.''

''* Please add internet links to other resources if necessary.''

----
[[Category:Planting Design 2013 Collaborative Design]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

File:Jeju eco train 2.jpg

2014-01-14T12:35:42Z

Hyeyoon Choi:

File:Jeju eco train.jpg

2014-01-14T12:34:18Z

Hyeyoon Choi:

File:Accessibility.png

2014-01-14T12:17:32Z

Hyeyoon Choi: uploaded a new version of "File:Accessibility.png"

File:Accessibility.png

2014-01-14T12:16:05Z

Hyeyoon Choi: uploaded a new version of "File:Accessibility.png"

Collaborative Design Planting Design Working Group 6

2014-01-14T12:14:07Z

Hyeyoon Choi: /* Analytical drawings */

---> back to group page [[Planting_Design_2013_-_Working_Group_6|working group 6]]

'''''Tayrona National Natural Park: Natural environments, and how they return us to our roots.'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Tayrona National Natural Park''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Colombian Caribbean - Magdalena''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Colombia''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''María Fernanda González Duque''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:p.tayrona.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=11.296934
|lng=-74.166496
|zoom=8
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

The Tayrona National Natural Park (Spanish: Parque Nacional Natural Tayrona), is located in the Department of Magdalena, north of Colombia, in the Caribbean sea. With approximately 30 Km2 of maritime area and 150 Km2 of land area, is one of the most visited Natural parks of this country. Its extension goes from Taganga (western side) trough the coastline, until the Piedras River (eastern side).

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:t.mapa.jpg|''Park Location''
Image:t.mapa2.jpg
Image:t.mapa3.jpg
</gallery>

*'''''Biogeography''':
'''''Ecosystems''''':
Due to the different altitudes presents around the park and the pyramid shape of the mountains, we can find temperatures between 25º and 32º, these conditions makes the park have a very dry or wet weather; here we can find tropical rainforest, dry forest, spiny forest, submontane forest, cloud forest and several ecosystems, such as Mangroves, Seagrasses, Coral reefs, Rocky coastline, Lagoons, etc.

'''''Hydrography''''':
Consists of two drainage systems, the maritime one is formed by a set of small streams and creeks that flow into the sea and the continental one is formed by the streams that flow into the Rio Piedras.

'''''Flora and Fauna''''':
The park has a natural wealth flora of over 350 maritime species and 770 terrestrial along with an extensive fauna, 15 species of amphibians, 202 species of sponges, 471 species of crustaceans, 96 species of annuals, 700 species of molluscs, 110 species of corals and 401 species of sea and river fish, 108 species of mammals, 300 species of birds, 70 species of bats, 31 species of reptiles. The coastal zone has the greatest wealth of marine vegetation of the whole Colombian Caribbean, with more than 31 types of different plants

*'''''Cultural features''''':
'''''History''''':
The Tayrona, an ancient indigenous group of chiefdoms, dwelled this region (Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta) between the 800 a.C. and the 1600 a.C., before the arrival of the Spanish in Colombia, their economy was based on agriculture of fruital trees, corn crops and plants. They developed their civilization at 900 - 2000 meters above the sea, due to the mild climate and the variety of local products.

1498: First contact between indigenous and Spanish with Fernando González de Oviedo.

1525: Foundation of Santa Marta city.

1525-1599: Instability between Tayronas and Spanish which led to intense periods of conflict and war.

1600: Beginning of the decimation of the indigenous in hands of the Spanish.

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:t1.jpg|''Ilustration: Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta''
Image:t2.jpg|''Ilustration: The population''
Image:t3.jpg|''Ilustration: The cities''
Image:t4.jpg|''Ilustration: Period of conflict with the Spanish''
</gallery>

The survivors of this decimation were interned in the highest parts of the massif to escape from the Spanish; their descendants are the Kogi, who has maintained themselves isolated so far.

1973: A grave robber, found Lost City (Spanish: Ciudad Perdida).

1976: A Colombian scientific expedition arrived to the Lost City and begging with a process of restoration and conservation of the archaeological remains and the terraces of the city and the entire park.

1979: Is declared a Biosphere reserve of humanity by UNESCO

<gallery caption=" " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:k1.jpg|''Tayronas descendants, The Koguis''
Image:k2.jpg|''Kogui's Houses''
Image:k3.jpg|''Kogui's cities''

</gallery>

The Eco-tourism there, is a great way to being interest and economic infrastructure to the reserve, without causing any damage to the ecosystem. It is amazing to be able to witness such a variety of ecosystems and also the archaeological remains of a Tayrona city of pre-colombian Colombia, the white sand beaches and waters in deep blue, gives great natural and historical diversity to the landscape.''

== What are the objectives of your design? ==

''Please give a short written argumentation (not more than 150 words). It is ok if you have different or even contradicting objectives within your group. Just make it explicit at the beginning of your process ''

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing.''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:a1.jpg|Elevation of the Park, main different heights
Image:Accessibility.png|Accessibility and Improvement Plan
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|analytical drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|analytical drawing 4
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes), of course with an emphasis on planting design/vegetation aspects. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing representing his/her individual ideas.''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|projective drawing 1
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|projective drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|projective drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|projective drawing 4
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==
''Please analyse the individual approaches presented so far and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses (you may use the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis SWOT]analysis model). Try to create a synthesis and represent it with a plan and some sketches. You can still use drawings/sketches.''

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|synthesis drawing 1
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|synthesis drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|synthesis drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|synthesis drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''Please reflect on your collaborative design process. Which potentials have you encountered? What was most difficult? What does collaborative design mean for you? (approx 150 words).''

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|image 1
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|image 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|image 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|image 4
</gallery>

== References ==
''* Please make sure that you give proper references of all external resources used.''

''* Do not use images of which you do not hold the copyright.''

''* Please add internet links to other resources if necessary.''

----
[[Category:Planting Design 2013 Collaborative Design]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

File:Accessibility.png

2014-01-14T12:12:28Z

Hyeyoon Choi:

Talk:Planting Design 2013 Working Group 3 - Case Study A

2013-12-23T08:59:46Z

Hyeyoon Choi: Created page with "Case Study A: This is a great practice to deal with an abandoned area beside high way. The ecological approach like corridor and connecting biotopes in the city is impressi..."

Case Study A:

This is a great practice to deal with an abandoned area beside high way.
The ecological approach like corridor and connecting biotopes in the city is impressive and goes on right direction of discussion.
In my opinion, if there is a work for improving discontinuous landscape and broken ecology down caused by highway and road, it will be perfect. It is mentioned a little but valuable for further development.

Planting Design 2013 Working Group 6 - Case Study A

2013-12-03T03:14:59Z

Hyeyoon Choi: /* Projective drawings */

---> back to group page [[Planting_Design_2013_-_Working_Group_6|working group 6]]

'''''Cheonggyecheon: Image of Nature in the Metropolis'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Cheonggyecheon''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Seoul''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Korea, Republic of''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Hyeyoon Choi''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Korea-Seoul-Cheonggyecheon-2008-01.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|<googlemap version="0.9" lat="37.569464" lon="127.001975" type="map" zoom="13" width="300" height="250" selector="no" controls="small">
</googlemap>
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

''There was historical restoration of a small stream, Cheonggyecheon, in the center of Seoul in 2003. Right now, Cheonggyecheon is very famous landmark in Seoul and citizens and tourists love this place. However it looks more like “Disneyland-fication” than natural stream restoration. Environmental activist criticize the output of restoration because it is far from natural stream and costs a lot for maintenance. Cheonggyecheon is still controversial issue. The appearance of restored Cheonggyecheon is ideal but not practical. I have never been living out of City, and actually I have spent the most of my life time in Seoul, huge metropolis. As a result, I am not sure how to implant Image of Nature in the City Area, where a prototype of nature can merely survive. Studying the restoration project of Cheonggyecheon, I want to look for the answer of it.

== Author's perspective ==
''From which professional background/perspective are your documenting this case?''

I was born in developing country and live in developed country. Based on my experience in high speed urbanization, I try to light on the image of urban stream. As a civil and environmental engineer, it is impossible to overlook the natural function of the stream in restoration project.

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==
*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''

Cheonggyecheon is natural ephemeral stream across the city of Seoul, which has been the capital of Korea since 1392, and functions as discharger of heavy rainfall in summer monsoon. It has been dredged for the sake of preventing flood for more than 600 years and its name, Cheonggyecheon, is also originated from the meaning of “dredge a stream”. In 1770s, the stream was straightened in the process of dredging. After Korean War, the poor people settled nearby the stream and it had been slummed through the age of industrial revolution. The stream was extremely polluted by chemicals and sewage. The stream had been covered up since 1930s and the overpass was constructed over the stream in 1970. In 2000s, according to deterioration and safety problem of the overpass, the government of Seoul city decided to restoration of Cheonggyecheon and the construction was fulfilled in 2005 followed by 26 months of rushing construction. 270Million Euro had been spent to restore 5.8km long stream. The running waters are leaded from groundwater fountain in subway and the Intake station in Han River because there is naturally no running water on the stream except monsoon season.

The restoration of Cheonggyecheon was planned to connect biotopes in Seoul. The CBD, Cheonggyecheon cuts through, is surrounded by Mountains and palaces functioning core patch of ecosystem and the end of Cheonggyecheon flows into Han River. The restored stream is vertically consisted of wetland, flood plain, revetment, and the terrace land and the large range of plant from submerged plants to roadside trees was planted on each site. 288 species of animals and 366 species of plants inhabit along the stream.(2012, 7th Han River Ecology Report). The upper region has a simplified water bed and the velocity of fluid is quite high. The plants bed is well manicured but the lack of diversity is remarkable. The feature of inhabitants becomes more natural toward the mouth of the stream and at the mouth of the stream is only area where amphibian and reptile live.

The starting point of Cheonggyecheon is sited on historical center of the Seoul, inside of the old castle. The upper stream is mixed zone with the historical palaces and high-rise buildings so it is conceptualized as historical and tradition section. The stream flows into the Han River and the mouth of the stream has abundant natural resources, and this area is planned as natural and future section. The middle of the stream lies on very hot market place and became a cultural and modern section. The direction of restoration does not completely correspond to ecological restoration but Cheonggyecheon gains great popularity as urban park. Especially the upper areas are used for festival, exhibition, and routine trail for citizens.

<gallery caption="Illustration " widths="200px" heights="200px" perrow="4">
Image:1930.png|''1930s''
Image:JC.JPG|''Slummed Area before cover-up''
Image:Overpass.jpg|''Overpass from 1976 to 2003''
Image:Restorationplan.png|''Restoration Plan''
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case and take the following aspects into account:''
* ''natural dynamic versus cultural framework - in how far do these two forces come together in your case?''

Image of nature reflecting on the restoration of Cheonggyecheon shows that it is almost impossible to reproduce the nature already ruined. Although the rebirth of Cheonggyecheon means the change of paradigm about value of nature in society, it still remains in the object that people uses and enjoys. The nature is reinterpreteted without primitive function and dominated by cultural text as what is like in their imagination. Practically it is merely possible to recreate primitive stream in the center of highly concentrated urban area. About 50% of Koreans live in metropolitan area, inside of and nearby in Seoul, and 20% of Koreans live in Seoul. The areas that Cheonggyecheon laid on is the most highly developed areas. It is merely founded unpaved ground except palaces and mountains. The percentage of impervious areas in Cheonggyecheon reaches 71.5%, the highest among all over Korea(2013, Ministry of Environment). This means that it is very hard to have quantity of natural flow in the stream, which is supposed to be in native condition. The high-rise buildings are standing along Cheonggyecheon and the mid-stream areas are very crowded market area. In the process of the indemnification for land has born acute social issues. After covered up in 1930s, the areas over the stream had been specialized commercial complex for industrial tools and gears. The Restoration of the stream forced it out of Seoul and many small businesses lost their livelihood. Cheonggyecheon was rebuilt between limits of reality, in which living nature could hardly survive. The result is destinated costly operation and maintenance caused by pumping water up, released fishes confronted by death, and ecosystem interfered by people who want to enjoy new Disneyland.

According to recent research about the ecological datum in Cheonggyecheon and Han River, the upper areas are close to urban entertainment facility and the downstream areas fulfill the conditions to be a natural stream. The upper area has very neat scenery with big limestone but it does not fit on condition for the natural stream and it functions as urban waterfront. The sediments are deposited along the stream and results the better surroundings for native creatures. Furthermore the downstream has pretty much larger flood plain and the spot connecting to Han River, Eco-reserve areas. Thorough the full range of the stream, there is no regard for bird habits and benthic macro-invertebrate. Culturally the upper stream is surrounded by CBD and huge market area and the downstream passes by residential areas. For this reason, the upper stream was planned to be historical and traditional place, even though the results does not seem like that. The upper stream is used for open place for citizens rather than for animals and plants and hundreds festivals and ceremonies are held yearly.

The restoration was projected to develop green network in Seoul, which connect the mountains in south and north including the palaces nearby and complete the circular corridors to Han River. It is devoted obviously to ecological richness but is barely said to accomplish green network. In spite of controversial situation, Cheonggyecheon contributes greatly to lower the temperature of CBD area in Seoul, averagely 3.6℃ cooler than other areas in Seoul, and provides a green place that citizens are relaxing and enjoying.

* ''dynamic through the year (you may imagine how the site looks in spring and summer, maybe you also remember it)''

The upper stream close to my living place always stays in the same image in my memory through the year because it looks like big fish-ball. There are big exhibition like lantern festival in winter time and children having fun in the water in summer. You could see people chatting with their colleagues in daytime and taking a walk along the stream at night on the way from their work. The critical reason that the stream could retain its neat outlook is cleaning service by city government. The stream was maintained like government building through sweeping and rubbing.

* ''highlight potentials and problems''

CCheonggyecheon has little quatity of flow because it is originally a dry stream and the large of the basin is impervious. In a result, it artificially pumps water up from Han River and underground. The drawing process costs averagely 600,000EUR per year. Furthermore this operation causes water-bloom. The cost for maintenance was 6,000,000EUR in 2011 and has increased continuously. On the other hand, impermeable covered-up pavement in CBD nearby Cheonggyecheon intensifys over-flood in summer monsoon. Followed by climate change, the amount of rainfall in summer monsoon increases dramatically and features pouring a large amount of rainfall in a short period of time. Additionally huge size of square was built nearby with waterproof material and is sunken in the rain . This situation drives disputes about natural function of the stream as a discharger.

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="200px" heights="200px" perrow="4">
Image:Biotopes.png|Connecting Biontopes in Seoul
Image:Upperarea.png|The Upper areas of stream
Image:Toward_the_mouth.png|Toward the mouth
Image:Fourseasons.png|Four Seasons
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
* ''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) for your case and take the following aspects into account:''
** ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''

It is surprised that the downstream of the stream achieve desirable condition and worried about the interference by human being. To preserve stable ecosystem, limit access area should be set up partially. In case of the upper stream, well managed garden hazards variety of species so changing a planting plan is advisable. To enlarge unpaved areas and planted areas would be helpful to improve the situation. However, it will be needed more land for flood plain in long term. The stream has 10-30m width of water way, 3.7-12.8m width of flood plain, and 12.5-16.5m box structured road beside which has empty space inside used to extra flood plain at the same time. This roads are designed to be converted into water bed in case of need. Overall, the downstream should keep its condition well and the upper stream should be like the downstream.

Seoul metropolitan government releases their plan to re-restoration of Cheonggyecheon yesterday (29 Nov. 2013). The core issue of the plan is to dismantle straightened water way, and to make a meandering. Furthermore the plan includes reconstruction of historical monument carried away and alternative water resource flowing on the stream. The plan is going to be confirmed next year and go on until 2050. Considering climate change, this plan should deal with deep underground reservoir or rain garden to evacuate heavy rainfall in short time and release it gradually in case of need.

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Overflow_concept.png|Overflow in summer
Image:Rain_garden_concept.png|Rain Garden
Image:Underground.jpg|Underground Reservoir
Image:Conversion.png|Enlarged flood plain expected in few years
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
''Please summarize your case and give arguments for your projective design (approx 150 words).''

In long term strategy, even thought the restoration of Cheonggyecheon was partially failed, it is big foot print as the first step forward. The story of restoration was a heritage of high-speed development era but left a great potential to evolve that matches paradigm changes. In the circumstance of tangled interest, oppressive and dogmatic development was inevitable at that time. However, climate changes enhance a necessity of urban discharger and a consideration of sustainable development draws the plan for re-restoration. Acquiring proper quantity of flow from natural resource roots the issue of impermeable space and loss of small stream in urban area. Technical resolution like urban garden and deep underground reservoir would be dealt with to relieve this issue. Furthermore, the roads along Cheonggyecheon should be transferred to flood plain. The positive outcomes from restoration, relief on heat island, ecological contribution, and even its entertainment job, would support further steps forward.

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Cross_Sectional_drawing.png|Standard Cross Sectional Drawing
Image:Standard_planting_plan.png|Planting Plan
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|image 4
</gallery>

== References ==

'''''* Discovery Documentary about the Cheonggyecheon Stream''
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_zSFZ2dGl4g'''

''* ''Seoul Metropolitan Government(2006), The Restoration of Cheonggyecheon White Paper''

''* ''Seoul Metropolitan Government(2012), The Han-River Ecology Report''

''* Seoul Metropolitan Government Press Release''

''* http://terms.naver.com/''

''* http://www.doopedia.co.kr/''

----
[[Category:Planting Design 2013 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Planting Design 2013 Working Group 6 - Case Study A

2013-12-03T03:14:01Z

Hyeyoon Choi: /* Projective drawings */

---> back to group page [[Planting_Design_2013_-_Working_Group_6|working group 6]]

'''''Cheonggyecheon: Image of Nature in the Metropolis'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Cheonggyecheon''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Seoul''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Korea, Republic of''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Hyeyoon Choi''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Korea-Seoul-Cheonggyecheon-2008-01.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|<googlemap version="0.9" lat="37.569464" lon="127.001975" type="map" zoom="13" width="300" height="250" selector="no" controls="small">
</googlemap>
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

''There was historical restoration of a small stream, Cheonggyecheon, in the center of Seoul in 2003. Right now, Cheonggyecheon is very famous landmark in Seoul and citizens and tourists love this place. However it looks more like “Disneyland-fication” than natural stream restoration. Environmental activist criticize the output of restoration because it is far from natural stream and costs a lot for maintenance. Cheonggyecheon is still controversial issue. The appearance of restored Cheonggyecheon is ideal but not practical. I have never been living out of City, and actually I have spent the most of my life time in Seoul, huge metropolis. As a result, I am not sure how to implant Image of Nature in the City Area, where a prototype of nature can merely survive. Studying the restoration project of Cheonggyecheon, I want to look for the answer of it.

== Author's perspective ==
''From which professional background/perspective are your documenting this case?''

I was born in developing country and live in developed country. Based on my experience in high speed urbanization, I try to light on the image of urban stream. As a civil and environmental engineer, it is impossible to overlook the natural function of the stream in restoration project.

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==
*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''

Cheonggyecheon is natural ephemeral stream across the city of Seoul, which has been the capital of Korea since 1392, and functions as discharger of heavy rainfall in summer monsoon. It has been dredged for the sake of preventing flood for more than 600 years and its name, Cheonggyecheon, is also originated from the meaning of “dredge a stream”. In 1770s, the stream was straightened in the process of dredging. After Korean War, the poor people settled nearby the stream and it had been slummed through the age of industrial revolution. The stream was extremely polluted by chemicals and sewage. The stream had been covered up since 1930s and the overpass was constructed over the stream in 1970. In 2000s, according to deterioration and safety problem of the overpass, the government of Seoul city decided to restoration of Cheonggyecheon and the construction was fulfilled in 2005 followed by 26 months of rushing construction. 270Million Euro had been spent to restore 5.8km long stream. The running waters are leaded from groundwater fountain in subway and the Intake station in Han River because there is naturally no running water on the stream except monsoon season.

The restoration of Cheonggyecheon was planned to connect biotopes in Seoul. The CBD, Cheonggyecheon cuts through, is surrounded by Mountains and palaces functioning core patch of ecosystem and the end of Cheonggyecheon flows into Han River. The restored stream is vertically consisted of wetland, flood plain, revetment, and the terrace land and the large range of plant from submerged plants to roadside trees was planted on each site. 288 species of animals and 366 species of plants inhabit along the stream.(2012, 7th Han River Ecology Report). The upper region has a simplified water bed and the velocity of fluid is quite high. The plants bed is well manicured but the lack of diversity is remarkable. The feature of inhabitants becomes more natural toward the mouth of the stream and at the mouth of the stream is only area where amphibian and reptile live.

The starting point of Cheonggyecheon is sited on historical center of the Seoul, inside of the old castle. The upper stream is mixed zone with the historical palaces and high-rise buildings so it is conceptualized as historical and tradition section. The stream flows into the Han River and the mouth of the stream has abundant natural resources, and this area is planned as natural and future section. The middle of the stream lies on very hot market place and became a cultural and modern section. The direction of restoration does not completely correspond to ecological restoration but Cheonggyecheon gains great popularity as urban park. Especially the upper areas are used for festival, exhibition, and routine trail for citizens.

<gallery caption="Illustration " widths="200px" heights="200px" perrow="4">
Image:1930.png|''1930s''
Image:JC.JPG|''Slummed Area before cover-up''
Image:Overpass.jpg|''Overpass from 1976 to 2003''
Image:Restorationplan.png|''Restoration Plan''
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case and take the following aspects into account:''
* ''natural dynamic versus cultural framework - in how far do these two forces come together in your case?''

Image of nature reflecting on the restoration of Cheonggyecheon shows that it is almost impossible to reproduce the nature already ruined. Although the rebirth of Cheonggyecheon means the change of paradigm about value of nature in society, it still remains in the object that people uses and enjoys. The nature is reinterpreteted without primitive function and dominated by cultural text as what is like in their imagination. Practically it is merely possible to recreate primitive stream in the center of highly concentrated urban area. About 50% of Koreans live in metropolitan area, inside of and nearby in Seoul, and 20% of Koreans live in Seoul. The areas that Cheonggyecheon laid on is the most highly developed areas. It is merely founded unpaved ground except palaces and mountains. The percentage of impervious areas in Cheonggyecheon reaches 71.5%, the highest among all over Korea(2013, Ministry of Environment). This means that it is very hard to have quantity of natural flow in the stream, which is supposed to be in native condition. The high-rise buildings are standing along Cheonggyecheon and the mid-stream areas are very crowded market area. In the process of the indemnification for land has born acute social issues. After covered up in 1930s, the areas over the stream had been specialized commercial complex for industrial tools and gears. The Restoration of the stream forced it out of Seoul and many small businesses lost their livelihood. Cheonggyecheon was rebuilt between limits of reality, in which living nature could hardly survive. The result is destinated costly operation and maintenance caused by pumping water up, released fishes confronted by death, and ecosystem interfered by people who want to enjoy new Disneyland.

According to recent research about the ecological datum in Cheonggyecheon and Han River, the upper areas are close to urban entertainment facility and the downstream areas fulfill the conditions to be a natural stream. The upper area has very neat scenery with big limestone but it does not fit on condition for the natural stream and it functions as urban waterfront. The sediments are deposited along the stream and results the better surroundings for native creatures. Furthermore the downstream has pretty much larger flood plain and the spot connecting to Han River, Eco-reserve areas. Thorough the full range of the stream, there is no regard for bird habits and benthic macro-invertebrate. Culturally the upper stream is surrounded by CBD and huge market area and the downstream passes by residential areas. For this reason, the upper stream was planned to be historical and traditional place, even though the results does not seem like that. The upper stream is used for open place for citizens rather than for animals and plants and hundreds festivals and ceremonies are held yearly.

The restoration was projected to develop green network in Seoul, which connect the mountains in south and north including the palaces nearby and complete the circular corridors to Han River. It is devoted obviously to ecological richness but is barely said to accomplish green network. In spite of controversial situation, Cheonggyecheon contributes greatly to lower the temperature of CBD area in Seoul, averagely 3.6℃ cooler than other areas in Seoul, and provides a green place that citizens are relaxing and enjoying.

* ''dynamic through the year (you may imagine how the site looks in spring and summer, maybe you also remember it)''

The upper stream close to my living place always stays in the same image in my memory through the year because it looks like big fish-ball. There are big exhibition like lantern festival in winter time and children having fun in the water in summer. You could see people chatting with their colleagues in daytime and taking a walk along the stream at night on the way from their work. The critical reason that the stream could retain its neat outlook is cleaning service by city government. The stream was maintained like government building through sweeping and rubbing.

* ''highlight potentials and problems''

CCheonggyecheon has little quatity of flow because it is originally a dry stream and the large of the basin is impervious. In a result, it artificially pumps water up from Han River and underground. The drawing process costs averagely 600,000EUR per year. Furthermore this operation causes water-bloom. The cost for maintenance was 6,000,000EUR in 2011 and has increased continuously. On the other hand, impermeable covered-up pavement in CBD nearby Cheonggyecheon intensifys over-flood in summer monsoon. Followed by climate change, the amount of rainfall in summer monsoon increases dramatically and features pouring a large amount of rainfall in a short period of time. Additionally huge size of square was built nearby with waterproof material and is sunken in the rain . This situation drives disputes about natural function of the stream as a discharger.

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="200px" heights="200px" perrow="4">
Image:Biotopes.png|Connecting Biontopes in Seoul
Image:Upperarea.png|The Upper areas of stream
Image:Toward_the_mouth.png|Toward the mouth
Image:Fourseasons.png|Four Seasons
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
* ''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) for your case and take the following aspects into account:''
** ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''

It is surprised that the downstream of the stream achieve desirable condition and worried about the interference by human being. To preserve stable ecosystem, limit access area should be set up partially. In case of the upper stream, well managed garden hazards variety of species so changing a planting plan is advisable. To enlarge unpaved areas and planted areas would be helpful to improve the situation. However, it will be needed more land for flood plain in long term. The stream has 10-30m width of water way, 3.7-12.8m width of flood plain, and 12.5-16.5m box structured road beside which has empty space inside used to extra flood plain at the same time. This roads are designed to be converted into water bed in case of need. Overall, the downstream should keep its condition well and the upper stream should be like the downstream.

Seoul metropolitan government releases their plan to re-restoration of Cheonggyecheon yesterday (29 Nov. 2013). The core issue of the plan is to dismantle straightened water way, and to make a meandering. Furthermore the plan includes reconstruction of historical monument carried away and alternative water resource flowing on the stream. The plan is going to be confirmed next year and go on until 2050. Considering climate change, this plan should deal with deep underground reservoir or rain garden to evacuate heavy rainfall in short time and release it gradually in case of need.

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Overflow_concept.png|Overflow in summer
Image:Rain_garden_concept.png|Rain Garden
Image:Underground.jpg|Underground Reservoir
Image:Conversion.png|Rooftop Reservoir in public school
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
''Please summarize your case and give arguments for your projective design (approx 150 words).''

In long term strategy, even thought the restoration of Cheonggyecheon was partially failed, it is big foot print as the first step forward. The story of restoration was a heritage of high-speed development era but left a great potential to evolve that matches paradigm changes. In the circumstance of tangled interest, oppressive and dogmatic development was inevitable at that time. However, climate changes enhance a necessity of urban discharger and a consideration of sustainable development draws the plan for re-restoration. Acquiring proper quantity of flow from natural resource roots the issue of impermeable space and loss of small stream in urban area. Technical resolution like urban garden and deep underground reservoir would be dealt with to relieve this issue. Furthermore, the roads along Cheonggyecheon should be transferred to flood plain. The positive outcomes from restoration, relief on heat island, ecological contribution, and even its entertainment job, would support further steps forward.

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Cross_Sectional_drawing.png|Standard Cross Sectional Drawing
Image:Standard_planting_plan.png|Planting Plan
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|image 4
</gallery>

== References ==

'''''* Discovery Documentary about the Cheonggyecheon Stream''
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_zSFZ2dGl4g'''

''* ''Seoul Metropolitan Government(2006), The Restoration of Cheonggyecheon White Paper''

''* ''Seoul Metropolitan Government(2012), The Han-River Ecology Report''

''* Seoul Metropolitan Government Press Release''

''* http://terms.naver.com/''

''* http://www.doopedia.co.kr/''

----
[[Category:Planting Design 2013 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

File:Conversion.png

2013-12-03T03:13:02Z

Hyeyoon Choi:

Planting Design 2013 Working Group 6 - Case Study A

2013-12-03T02:55:55Z

Hyeyoon Choi: /* Projective drawings */

---> back to group page [[Planting_Design_2013_-_Working_Group_6|working group 6]]

'''''Cheonggyecheon: Image of Nature in the Metropolis'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Cheonggyecheon''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Seoul''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Korea, Republic of''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Hyeyoon Choi''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Korea-Seoul-Cheonggyecheon-2008-01.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|<googlemap version="0.9" lat="37.569464" lon="127.001975" type="map" zoom="13" width="300" height="250" selector="no" controls="small">
</googlemap>
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

''There was historical restoration of a small stream, Cheonggyecheon, in the center of Seoul in 2003. Right now, Cheonggyecheon is very famous landmark in Seoul and citizens and tourists love this place. However it looks more like “Disneyland-fication” than natural stream restoration. Environmental activist criticize the output of restoration because it is far from natural stream and costs a lot for maintenance. Cheonggyecheon is still controversial issue. The appearance of restored Cheonggyecheon is ideal but not practical. I have never been living out of City, and actually I have spent the most of my life time in Seoul, huge metropolis. As a result, I am not sure how to implant Image of Nature in the City Area, where a prototype of nature can merely survive. Studying the restoration project of Cheonggyecheon, I want to look for the answer of it.

== Author's perspective ==
''From which professional background/perspective are your documenting this case?''

I was born in developing country and live in developed country. Based on my experience in high speed urbanization, I try to light on the image of urban stream. As a civil and environmental engineer, it is impossible to overlook the natural function of the stream in restoration project.

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==
*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''

Cheonggyecheon is natural ephemeral stream across the city of Seoul, which has been the capital of Korea since 1392, and functions as discharger of heavy rainfall in summer monsoon. It has been dredged for the sake of preventing flood for more than 600 years and its name, Cheonggyecheon, is also originated from the meaning of “dredge a stream”. In 1770s, the stream was straightened in the process of dredging. After Korean War, the poor people settled nearby the stream and it had been slummed through the age of industrial revolution. The stream was extremely polluted by chemicals and sewage. The stream had been covered up since 1930s and the overpass was constructed over the stream in 1970. In 2000s, according to deterioration and safety problem of the overpass, the government of Seoul city decided to restoration of Cheonggyecheon and the construction was fulfilled in 2005 followed by 26 months of rushing construction. 270Million Euro had been spent to restore 5.8km long stream. The running waters are leaded from groundwater fountain in subway and the Intake station in Han River because there is naturally no running water on the stream except monsoon season.

The restoration of Cheonggyecheon was planned to connect biotopes in Seoul. The CBD, Cheonggyecheon cuts through, is surrounded by Mountains and palaces functioning core patch of ecosystem and the end of Cheonggyecheon flows into Han River. The restored stream is vertically consisted of wetland, flood plain, revetment, and the terrace land and the large range of plant from submerged plants to roadside trees was planted on each site. 288 species of animals and 366 species of plants inhabit along the stream.(2012, 7th Han River Ecology Report). The upper region has a simplified water bed and the velocity of fluid is quite high. The plants bed is well manicured but the lack of diversity is remarkable. The feature of inhabitants becomes more natural toward the mouth of the stream and at the mouth of the stream is only area where amphibian and reptile live.

The starting point of Cheonggyecheon is sited on historical center of the Seoul, inside of the old castle. The upper stream is mixed zone with the historical palaces and high-rise buildings so it is conceptualized as historical and tradition section. The stream flows into the Han River and the mouth of the stream has abundant natural resources, and this area is planned as natural and future section. The middle of the stream lies on very hot market place and became a cultural and modern section. The direction of restoration does not completely correspond to ecological restoration but Cheonggyecheon gains great popularity as urban park. Especially the upper areas are used for festival, exhibition, and routine trail for citizens.

<gallery caption="Illustration " widths="200px" heights="200px" perrow="4">
Image:1930.png|''1930s''
Image:JC.JPG|''Slummed Area before cover-up''
Image:Overpass.jpg|''Overpass from 1976 to 2003''
Image:Restorationplan.png|''Restoration Plan''
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case and take the following aspects into account:''
* ''natural dynamic versus cultural framework - in how far do these two forces come together in your case?''

Image of nature reflecting on the restoration of Cheonggyecheon shows that it is almost impossible to reproduce the nature already ruined. Although the rebirth of Cheonggyecheon means the change of paradigm about value of nature in society, it still remains in the object that people uses and enjoys. The nature is reinterpreteted without primitive function and dominated by cultural text as what is like in their imagination. Practically it is merely possible to recreate primitive stream in the center of highly concentrated urban area. About 50% of Koreans live in metropolitan area, inside of and nearby in Seoul, and 20% of Koreans live in Seoul. The areas that Cheonggyecheon laid on is the most highly developed areas. It is merely founded unpaved ground except palaces and mountains. The percentage of impervious areas in Cheonggyecheon reaches 71.5%, the highest among all over Korea(2013, Ministry of Environment). This means that it is very hard to have quantity of natural flow in the stream, which is supposed to be in native condition. The high-rise buildings are standing along Cheonggyecheon and the mid-stream areas are very crowded market area. In the process of the indemnification for land has born acute social issues. After covered up in 1930s, the areas over the stream had been specialized commercial complex for industrial tools and gears. The Restoration of the stream forced it out of Seoul and many small businesses lost their livelihood. Cheonggyecheon was rebuilt between limits of reality, in which living nature could hardly survive. The result is destinated costly operation and maintenance caused by pumping water up, released fishes confronted by death, and ecosystem interfered by people who want to enjoy new Disneyland.

According to recent research about the ecological datum in Cheonggyecheon and Han River, the upper areas are close to urban entertainment facility and the downstream areas fulfill the conditions to be a natural stream. The upper area has very neat scenery with big limestone but it does not fit on condition for the natural stream and it functions as urban waterfront. The sediments are deposited along the stream and results the better surroundings for native creatures. Furthermore the downstream has pretty much larger flood plain and the spot connecting to Han River, Eco-reserve areas. Thorough the full range of the stream, there is no regard for bird habits and benthic macro-invertebrate. Culturally the upper stream is surrounded by CBD and huge market area and the downstream passes by residential areas. For this reason, the upper stream was planned to be historical and traditional place, even though the results does not seem like that. The upper stream is used for open place for citizens rather than for animals and plants and hundreds festivals and ceremonies are held yearly.

The restoration was projected to develop green network in Seoul, which connect the mountains in south and north including the palaces nearby and complete the circular corridors to Han River. It is devoted obviously to ecological richness but is barely said to accomplish green network. In spite of controversial situation, Cheonggyecheon contributes greatly to lower the temperature of CBD area in Seoul, averagely 3.6℃ cooler than other areas in Seoul, and provides a green place that citizens are relaxing and enjoying.

* ''dynamic through the year (you may imagine how the site looks in spring and summer, maybe you also remember it)''

The upper stream close to my living place always stays in the same image in my memory through the year because it looks like big fish-ball. There are big exhibition like lantern festival in winter time and children having fun in the water in summer. You could see people chatting with their colleagues in daytime and taking a walk along the stream at night on the way from their work. The critical reason that the stream could retain its neat outlook is cleaning service by city government. The stream was maintained like government building through sweeping and rubbing.

* ''highlight potentials and problems''

CCheonggyecheon has little quatity of flow because it is originally a dry stream and the large of the basin is impervious. In a result, it artificially pumps water up from Han River and underground. The drawing process costs averagely 600,000EUR per year. Furthermore this operation causes water-bloom. The cost for maintenance was 6,000,000EUR in 2011 and has increased continuously. On the other hand, impermeable covered-up pavement in CBD nearby Cheonggyecheon intensifys over-flood in summer monsoon. Followed by climate change, the amount of rainfall in summer monsoon increases dramatically and features pouring a large amount of rainfall in a short period of time. Additionally huge size of square was built nearby with waterproof material and is sunken in the rain . This situation drives disputes about natural function of the stream as a discharger.

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="200px" heights="200px" perrow="4">
Image:Biotopes.png|Connecting Biontopes in Seoul
Image:Upperarea.png|The Upper areas of stream
Image:Toward_the_mouth.png|Toward the mouth
Image:Fourseasons.png|Four Seasons
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
* ''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) for your case and take the following aspects into account:''
** ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''

It is surprised that the downstream of the stream achieve desirable condition and worried about the interference by human being. To preserve stable ecosystem, limit access area should be set up partially. In case of the upper stream, well managed garden hazards variety of species so changing a planting plan is advisable. To enlarge unpaved areas and planted areas would be helpful to improve the situation. However, it will be needed more land for flood plain in long term. The stream has 10-30m width of water way, 3.7-12.8m width of flood plain, and 12.5-16.5m box structured road beside which has empty space inside used to extra flood plain at the same time. This roads are designed to be converted into water bed in case of need. Overall, the downstream should keep its condition well and the upper stream should be like the downstream.

Seoul metropolitan government releases their plan to re-restoration of Cheonggyecheon yesterday (29 Nov. 2013). The core issue of the plan is to dismantle straightened water way, and to make a meandering. Furthermore the plan includes reconstruction of historical monument carried away and alternative water resource flowing on the stream. The plan is going to be confirmed next year and go on until 2050. Considering climate change, this plan should deal with deep underground reservoir or rain garden to evacuate heavy rainfall in short time and release it gradually in case of need.

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Overflow_concept.png|Overflow in summer
Image:Rain_garden_concept.png|Rain Garden
Image:Underground.jpg|Underground Reservoir
Image:Roof_reservoir.png|Rooftop Reservoir in public school
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
''Please summarize your case and give arguments for your projective design (approx 150 words).''

In long term strategy, even thought the restoration of Cheonggyecheon was partially failed, it is big foot print as the first step forward. The story of restoration was a heritage of high-speed development era but left a great potential to evolve that matches paradigm changes. In the circumstance of tangled interest, oppressive and dogmatic development was inevitable at that time. However, climate changes enhance a necessity of urban discharger and a consideration of sustainable development draws the plan for re-restoration. Acquiring proper quantity of flow from natural resource roots the issue of impermeable space and loss of small stream in urban area. Technical resolution like urban garden and deep underground reservoir would be dealt with to relieve this issue. Furthermore, the roads along Cheonggyecheon should be transferred to flood plain. The positive outcomes from restoration, relief on heat island, ecological contribution, and even its entertainment job, would support further steps forward.

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Cross_Sectional_drawing.png|Standard Cross Sectional Drawing
Image:Standard_planting_plan.png|Planting Plan
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|image 4
</gallery>

== References ==

'''''* Discovery Documentary about the Cheonggyecheon Stream''
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_zSFZ2dGl4g'''

''* ''Seoul Metropolitan Government(2006), The Restoration of Cheonggyecheon White Paper''

''* ''Seoul Metropolitan Government(2012), The Han-River Ecology Report''

''* Seoul Metropolitan Government Press Release''

''* http://terms.naver.com/''

''* http://www.doopedia.co.kr/''

----
[[Category:Planting Design 2013 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Planting Design 2013 Working Group 6 - Case Study A

2013-12-03T02:31:28Z

Hyeyoon Choi:

---> back to group page [[Planting_Design_2013_-_Working_Group_6|working group 6]]

'''''Cheonggyecheon: Image of Nature in the Metropolis'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Cheonggyecheon''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Seoul''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Korea, Republic of''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Hyeyoon Choi''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Korea-Seoul-Cheonggyecheon-2008-01.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|<googlemap version="0.9" lat="37.569464" lon="127.001975" type="map" zoom="13" width="300" height="250" selector="no" controls="small">
</googlemap>
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

''There was historical restoration of a small stream, Cheonggyecheon, in the center of Seoul in 2003. Right now, Cheonggyecheon is very famous landmark in Seoul and citizens and tourists love this place. However it looks more like “Disneyland-fication” than natural stream restoration. Environmental activist criticize the output of restoration because it is far from natural stream and costs a lot for maintenance. Cheonggyecheon is still controversial issue. The appearance of restored Cheonggyecheon is ideal but not practical. I have never been living out of City, and actually I have spent the most of my life time in Seoul, huge metropolis. As a result, I am not sure how to implant Image of Nature in the City Area, where a prototype of nature can merely survive. Studying the restoration project of Cheonggyecheon, I want to look for the answer of it.

== Author's perspective ==
''From which professional background/perspective are your documenting this case?''

I was born in developing country and live in developed country. Based on my experience in high speed urbanization, I try to light on the image of urban stream. As a civil and environmental engineer, it is impossible to overlook the natural function of the stream in restoration project.

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==
*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''

Cheonggyecheon is natural ephemeral stream across the city of Seoul, which has been the capital of Korea since 1392, and functions as discharger of heavy rainfall in summer monsoon. It has been dredged for the sake of preventing flood for more than 600 years and its name, Cheonggyecheon, is also originated from the meaning of “dredge a stream”. In 1770s, the stream was straightened in the process of dredging. After Korean War, the poor people settled nearby the stream and it had been slummed through the age of industrial revolution. The stream was extremely polluted by chemicals and sewage. The stream had been covered up since 1930s and the overpass was constructed over the stream in 1970. In 2000s, according to deterioration and safety problem of the overpass, the government of Seoul city decided to restoration of Cheonggyecheon and the construction was fulfilled in 2005 followed by 26 months of rushing construction. 270Million Euro had been spent to restore 5.8km long stream. The running waters are leaded from groundwater fountain in subway and the Intake station in Han River because there is naturally no running water on the stream except monsoon season.

The restoration of Cheonggyecheon was planned to connect biotopes in Seoul. The CBD, Cheonggyecheon cuts through, is surrounded by Mountains and palaces functioning core patch of ecosystem and the end of Cheonggyecheon flows into Han River. The restored stream is vertically consisted of wetland, flood plain, revetment, and the terrace land and the large range of plant from submerged plants to roadside trees was planted on each site. 288 species of animals and 366 species of plants inhabit along the stream.(2012, 7th Han River Ecology Report). The upper region has a simplified water bed and the velocity of fluid is quite high. The plants bed is well manicured but the lack of diversity is remarkable. The feature of inhabitants becomes more natural toward the mouth of the stream and at the mouth of the stream is only area where amphibian and reptile live.

The starting point of Cheonggyecheon is sited on historical center of the Seoul, inside of the old castle. The upper stream is mixed zone with the historical palaces and high-rise buildings so it is conceptualized as historical and tradition section. The stream flows into the Han River and the mouth of the stream has abundant natural resources, and this area is planned as natural and future section. The middle of the stream lies on very hot market place and became a cultural and modern section. The direction of restoration does not completely correspond to ecological restoration but Cheonggyecheon gains great popularity as urban park. Especially the upper areas are used for festival, exhibition, and routine trail for citizens.

<gallery caption="Illustration " widths="200px" heights="200px" perrow="4">
Image:1930.png|''1930s''
Image:JC.JPG|''Slummed Area before cover-up''
Image:Overpass.jpg|''Overpass from 1976 to 2003''
Image:Restorationplan.png|''Restoration Plan''
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case and take the following aspects into account:''
* ''natural dynamic versus cultural framework - in how far do these two forces come together in your case?''

Image of nature reflecting on the restoration of Cheonggyecheon shows that it is almost impossible to reproduce the nature already ruined. Although the rebirth of Cheonggyecheon means the change of paradigm about value of nature in society, it still remains in the object that people uses and enjoys. The nature is reinterpreteted without primitive function and dominated by cultural text as what is like in their imagination. Practically it is merely possible to recreate primitive stream in the center of highly concentrated urban area. About 50% of Koreans live in metropolitan area, inside of and nearby in Seoul, and 20% of Koreans live in Seoul. The areas that Cheonggyecheon laid on is the most highly developed areas. It is merely founded unpaved ground except palaces and mountains. The percentage of impervious areas in Cheonggyecheon reaches 71.5%, the highest among all over Korea(2013, Ministry of Environment). This means that it is very hard to have quantity of natural flow in the stream, which is supposed to be in native condition. The high-rise buildings are standing along Cheonggyecheon and the mid-stream areas are very crowded market area. In the process of the indemnification for land has born acute social issues. After covered up in 1930s, the areas over the stream had been specialized commercial complex for industrial tools and gears. The Restoration of the stream forced it out of Seoul and many small businesses lost their livelihood. Cheonggyecheon was rebuilt between limits of reality, in which living nature could hardly survive. The result is destinated costly operation and maintenance caused by pumping water up, released fishes confronted by death, and ecosystem interfered by people who want to enjoy new Disneyland.

According to recent research about the ecological datum in Cheonggyecheon and Han River, the upper areas are close to urban entertainment facility and the downstream areas fulfill the conditions to be a natural stream. The upper area has very neat scenery with big limestone but it does not fit on condition for the natural stream and it functions as urban waterfront. The sediments are deposited along the stream and results the better surroundings for native creatures. Furthermore the downstream has pretty much larger flood plain and the spot connecting to Han River, Eco-reserve areas. Thorough the full range of the stream, there is no regard for bird habits and benthic macro-invertebrate. Culturally the upper stream is surrounded by CBD and huge market area and the downstream passes by residential areas. For this reason, the upper stream was planned to be historical and traditional place, even though the results does not seem like that. The upper stream is used for open place for citizens rather than for animals and plants and hundreds festivals and ceremonies are held yearly.

The restoration was projected to develop green network in Seoul, which connect the mountains in south and north including the palaces nearby and complete the circular corridors to Han River. It is devoted obviously to ecological richness but is barely said to accomplish green network. In spite of controversial situation, Cheonggyecheon contributes greatly to lower the temperature of CBD area in Seoul, averagely 3.6℃ cooler than other areas in Seoul, and provides a green place that citizens are relaxing and enjoying.

* ''dynamic through the year (you may imagine how the site looks in spring and summer, maybe you also remember it)''

The upper stream close to my living place always stays in the same image in my memory through the year because it looks like big fish-ball. There are big exhibition like lantern festival in winter time and children having fun in the water in summer. You could see people chatting with their colleagues in daytime and taking a walk along the stream at night on the way from their work. The critical reason that the stream could retain its neat outlook is cleaning service by city government. The stream was maintained like government building through sweeping and rubbing.

* ''highlight potentials and problems''

CCheonggyecheon has little quatity of flow because it is originally a dry stream and the large of the basin is impervious. In a result, it artificially pumps water up from Han River and underground. The drawing process costs averagely 600,000EUR per year. Furthermore this operation causes water-bloom. The cost for maintenance was 6,000,000EUR in 2011 and has increased continuously. On the other hand, impermeable covered-up pavement in CBD nearby Cheonggyecheon intensifys over-flood in summer monsoon. Followed by climate change, the amount of rainfall in summer monsoon increases dramatically and features pouring a large amount of rainfall in a short period of time. Additionally huge size of square was built nearby with waterproof material and is sunken in the rain . This situation drives disputes about natural function of the stream as a discharger.

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="200px" heights="200px" perrow="4">
Image:Biotopes.png|Connecting Biontopes in Seoul
Image:Upperarea.png|The Upper areas of stream
Image:Toward_the_mouth.png|Toward the mouth
Image:Fourseasons.png|Four Seasons
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
* ''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) for your case and take the following aspects into account:''
** ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''

It is surprised that the downstream of the stream achieve desirable condition and worried about the interference by human being. To preserve stable ecosystem, limit access area should be set up partially. In case of the upper stream, well managed garden hazards variety of species so changing a planting plan is advisable. To enlarge unpaved areas and planted areas would be helpful to improve the situation. However, it will be needed more land for flood plain in long term. Overall, the downstream should keep its condition well and the upper stream should be like the downstream.

Seoul metropolitan government releases their plan to re-restoration of Cheonggyecheon yesterday (29 Nov. 2013). The core issue of the plan is to dismantle straightened water way, and to make a meandering. Furthermore the plan includes reconstruction of historical monument carried away and alternative water resource flowing on the stream. The plan is going to be confirmed next year and go on until 2050. Considering climate change, this plan should deal with deep underground reservoir or rain garden to evacuate heavy rainfall in short time and release it gradually in case of need.

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Overflow_concept.png|Overflow in summer
Image:Rain_garden_concept.png|Rain Garden
Image:Underground.jpg|Underground Reservoir
Image:Roof_reservoir.png|Rooftop Reservoir in public school
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
''Please summarize your case and give arguments for your projective design (approx 150 words).''

In long term strategy, even thought the restoration of Cheonggyecheon was partially failed, it is big foot print as the first step forward. The story of restoration was a heritage of high-speed development era but left a great potential to evolve that matches paradigm changes. In the circumstance of tangled interest, oppressive and dogmatic development was inevitable at that time. However, climate changes enhance a necessity of urban discharger and a consideration of sustainable development draws the plan for re-restoration. Acquiring proper quantity of flow from natural resource roots the issue of impermeable space and loss of small stream in urban area. Technical resolution like urban garden and deep underground reservoir would be dealt with to relieve this issue. Furthermore, the roads along Cheonggyecheon should be transferred to flood plain. The positive outcomes from restoration, relief on heat island, ecological contribution, and even its entertainment job, would support further steps forward.

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Cross_Sectional_drawing.png|Standard Cross Sectional Drawing
Image:Standard_planting_plan.png|Planting Plan
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|image 4
</gallery>

== References ==

'''''* Discovery Documentary about the Cheonggyecheon Stream''
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_zSFZ2dGl4g'''

''* ''Seoul Metropolitan Government(2006), The Restoration of Cheonggyecheon White Paper''

''* ''Seoul Metropolitan Government(2012), The Han-River Ecology Report''

''* Seoul Metropolitan Government Press Release''

''* http://terms.naver.com/''

''* http://www.doopedia.co.kr/''

----
[[Category:Planting Design 2013 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Planting Design 2013 Working Group 6 - Case Study A

2013-12-02T02:47:19Z

Hyeyoon Choi:

---> back to group page [[Planting_Design_2013_-_Working_Group_6|working group 6]]

'''''Cheonggyecheon: Image of Nature in the Metropolis'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Cheonggyecheon''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Seoul''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Korea, Republic of''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Hyeyoon Choi''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Korea-Seoul-Cheonggyecheon-2008-01.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|<googlemap version="0.9" lat="37.569464" lon="127.001975" type="satellite" zoom="13" width="300" height="250" selector="no" controls="small">
</googlemap>
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

''There was historical restoration of a small stream, Cheonggyecheon, in the center of Seoul in 2003. Right now, Cheonggyecheon is very famous landmark in Seoul and citizens and tourists love this place. However it looks more like “Disneyland-fication” than natural stream restoration. Environmental activist criticize the output of restoration because it is far from natural stream and costs a lot for maintenance. Cheonggyecheon is still controversial issue. The appearance of restored Cheonggyecheon is ideal but not practical. I have never been living out of City, and actually I have spent the most of my life time in Seoul, huge metropolis. As a result, I am not sure how to implant Image of Nature in the City Area, where a prototype of nature can merely survive. Studying the restoration project of Cheonggyecheon, I want to look for the answer of it.

== Author's perspective ==
''From which professional background/perspective are your documenting this case?''

I was born in developing country and live in developed country. Based on my experience in high speed urbanization, I try to light on the image of urban stream. As a civil and environmental engineer, it is impossible to overlook the natural function of the stream in restoration project.

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==
*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''

Cheonggyecheon is natural ephemeral stream across the city of Seoul, which has been the capital of Korea since 1392, and functions as discharger of heavy rainfall in summer monsoon. It has been dredged for the sake of preventing flood for more than 600 years and its name, Cheonggyecheon, is also originated from the meaning of “dredge a stream”. In 1770s, the stream was straightened in the process of dredging. After Korean War, the poor people settled nearby the stream and it had been slummed through the age of industrial revolution. The stream was extremely polluted by chemicals and sewage. The stream had been covered up since 1930s and the overpass was constructed over the stream in 1970. In 2000s, according to deterioration and safety problem of the overpass, the government of Seoul city decided to restoration of Cheonggyecheon and the construction was fulfilled in 2005 followed by 26 months of rushing construction. 270Million Euro had been spent to restore 5.8km long stream. The running waters are leaded from groundwater fountain in subway and the Intake station in Han River because there is naturally no running water on the stream except monsoon season.

The restoration of Cheonggyecheon was planned to connect biotopes in Seoul. The CBD, Cheonggyecheon cuts through, is surrounded by Mountains and palaces functioning core patch of ecosystem and the end of Cheonggyecheon flows into Han River. The restored stream is vertically consisted of wetland, flood plain, revetment, and the terrace land and the large range of plant from submerged plants to roadside trees was planted on each site. 288 species of animals and 366 species of plants inhabit along the stream.(2012, 7th Han River Ecology Report). The upper region has a simplified water bed and the velocity of fluid is quite high. The plants bed is well manicured but the lack of diversity is remarkable. The feature of inhabitants becomes more natural toward the mouth of the stream and at the mouth of the stream is only area where amphibian and reptile live.

The starting point of Cheonggyecheon is sited on historical center of the Seoul, inside of the old castle. The upper stream is mixed zone with the historical palaces and high-rise buildings so it is conceptualized as historical and tradition section. The stream flows into the Han River and the mouth of the stream has abundant natural resources, and this area is planned as natural and future section. The middle of the stream lies on very hot market place and became a cultural and modern section. The direction of restoration does not completely correspond to ecological restoration but Cheonggyecheon gains great popularity as urban park. Especially the upper areas are used for festival, exhibition, and routine trail for citizens.

<gallery caption="Illustration " widths="200px" heights="200px" perrow="4">
Image:1930.png|''1930s''
Image:JC.JPG|''Slummed Area before cover-up''
Image:Overpass.jpg|''Overpass from 1976 to 2003''
Image:Restorationplan.png|''Restoration Plan''
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case and take the following aspects into account:''
* ''natural dynamic versus cultural framework - in how far do these two forces come together in your case?''

Image of nature reflecting on the restoration of Cheonggyecheon shows that it is almost impossible to reproduce the nature already ruined. Although the rebirth of Cheonggyecheon means the change of paradigm about value of nature in society, it still remains in the object that people uses and enjoys. The nature is reinterpreteted without primitive function and dominated by cultural text as what is like in their imagination. Practically it is merely possible to recreate primitive stream in the center of highly concentrated urban area. About 50% of Koreans live in metropolitan area, inside of and nearby in Seoul, and 20% of Koreans live in Seoul. The areas that Cheonggyecheon laid on is the most highly developed areas. It is merely founded unpaved ground except palaces and mountains. The percentage of impervious areas in Cheonggyecheon reaches 71.5%, the highest among all over Korea(2013, Ministry of Environment). This means that it is very hard to have quantity of natural flow in the stream, which is supposed to be in native condition. The high-rise buildings are standing along Cheonggyecheon and the mid-stream areas are very crowded market area. In the process of the indemnification for land has born acute social issues. After covered up in 1930s, the areas over the stream had been specialized commercial complex for industrial tools and gears. The Restoration of the stream forced it out of Seoul and many small businesses lost their livelihood. Cheonggyecheon was rebuilt between limits of reality, in which living nature could hardly survive. The result is destinated costly operation and maintenance caused by pumping water up, released fishes confronted by death, and ecosystem interfered by people who want to enjoy new Disneyland.

According to recent research about the ecological datum in Cheonggyecheon and Han River, the upper areas are close to urban entertainment facility and the downstream areas fulfill the conditions to be a natural stream. The upper area has very neat scenery with big limestone but it does not fit on condition for the natural stream and it functions as urban waterfront. The sediments are deposited along the stream and results the better surroundings for native creatures. Furthermore the downstream has pretty much larger flood plain and the spot connecting to Han River, Eco-reserve areas. Thorough the full range of the stream, there is no regard for bird habits and benthic macro-invertebrate. Culturally the upper stream is surrounded by CBD and huge market area and the downstream passes by residential areas. For this reason, the upper stream was planned to be historical and traditional place, even though the results does not seem like that. The upper stream is used for open place for citizens rather than for animals and plants and hundreds festivals and ceremonies are held yearly.

The restoration was projected to develop green network in Seoul, which connect the mountains in south and north including the palaces nearby and complete the circular corridors to Han River. It is devoted obviously to ecological richness but is barely said to accomplish green network. In spite of controversial situation, Cheonggyecheon contributes greatly to lower the temperature of CBD area in Seoul, averagely 3.6℃ cooler than other areas in Seoul, and provides a green place that citizens are relaxing and enjoying.

* ''dynamic through the year (you may imagine how the site looks in spring and summer, maybe you also remember it)''

The upper stream close to my living place always stays in the same image in my memory through the year because it looks like big fish-ball. There are big exhibition like lantern festival in winter time and children having fun in the water in summer. You could see people chatting with their colleagues in daytime and taking a walk along the stream at night on the way from their work. The critical reason that the stream could retain its neat outlook is cleaning service by city government. The stream was maintained like government building through sweeping and rubbing.

* ''highlight potentials and problems''

CCheonggyecheon has little quatity of flow because it is originally a dry stream and the large of the basin is impervious. In a result, it artificially pumps water up from Han River and underground. The drawing process costs averagely 600,000EUR per year. Furthermore this operation causes water-bloom. The cost for maintenance was 6,000,000EUR in 2011 and has increased continuously. On the other hand, impermeable covered-up pavement in CBD nearby Cheonggyecheon intensifys over-flood in summer monsoon. Followed by climate change, the amount of rainfall in summer monsoon increases dramatically and features pouring a large amount of rainfall in a short period of time. Additionally huge size of square was built nearby with waterproof material and is sunken in the rain . This situation drives disputes about natural function of the stream as a discharger.

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="200px" heights="200px" perrow="4">
Image:Biotopes.png|Connecting Biontopes in Seoul
Image:Upperarea.png|The Upper areas of stream
Image:Toward_the_mouth.png|Toward the mouth
Image:Fourseasons.png|Four Seasons
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
* ''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) for your case and take the following aspects into account:''
** ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''

It is surprised that the downstream of the stream achieve desirable condition and worried about the interference by human being. To preserve stable ecosystem, limit access area should be set up partially. In case of the upper stream, well managed garden hazards variety of species so changing a planting plan is advisable. To enlarge unpaved areas and planted areas would be helpful to improve the situation. However, it will be needed more land for flood plain in long term. Overall, the downstream should keep its condition well and the upper stream should be like the downstream.

Seoul metropolitan government releases their plan to re-restoration of Cheonggyecheon yesterday (29 Nov. 2013). The core issue of the plan is to dismantle straightened water way, and to make a meandering. Furthermore the plan includes reconstruction of historical monument carried away and alternative water resource flowing on the stream. The plan is going to be confirmed next year and go on until 2050. Considering climate change, this plan should deal with deep underground reservoir or rain garden to evacuate heavy rainfall in short time and release it gradually in case of need.

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Overflow_concept.png|Overflow in summer
Image:Rain_garden_concept.png|Rain Garden
Image:Underground.jpg|Underground Reservoir
Image:Roof_reservoir.png|Rooftop Reservoir in public school
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
''Please summarize your case and give arguments for your projective design (approx 150 words).''

In long term strategy, even thought the restoration of Cheonggyecheon was partially failed, it is big foot print as the first step forward. The story of restoration was a heritage of high-speed development era but left a great potential to evolve that matches paradigm changes. In the circumstance of tangled interest, oppressive and dogmatic development was inevitable at that time. However, climate changes enhance a necessity of urban discharger and a consideration of sustainable development draws the plan for re-restoration. Acquiring proper quantity of flow from natural resource roots the issue of impermeable space and loss of small stream in urban area. Technical resolution like urban garden and deep underground reservoir would be dealt with to relieve this issue. Furthermore, the roads along Cheonggyecheon should be transferred to flood plain. The positive outcomes from restoration, relief on heat island, ecological contribution, and even its entertainment job, would support further steps forward.

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Cross_Sectional_drawing.png|Standard Cross Sectional Drawing
Image:Standard_planting_plan.png|Planting Plan
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|image 4
</gallery>

== References ==

'''''* Discovery Documentary about the Cheonggyecheon Stream''
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_zSFZ2dGl4g'''

''* ''Seoul Metropolitan Government(2006), The Restoration of Cheonggyecheon White Paper''

''* ''Seoul Metropolitan Government(2012), The Han-River Ecology Report''

''* Seoul Metropolitan Government Press Release''

''* http://terms.naver.com/''

''* http://www.doopedia.co.kr/''

----
[[Category:Planting Design 2013 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Planting Design 2013 Working Group 6 - Case Study A

2013-12-01T12:00:27Z

Hyeyoon Choi: /* Summary and conclusion */

---> back to group page [[Planting_Design_2013_-_Working_Group_6|working group 6]]

'''''Cheonggyecheon: Image of Nature in the Metropolis'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Cheonggyecheon''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Seoul''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Korea, Republic of''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''add author''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Korea-Seoul-Cheonggyecheon-2008-01.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|<googlemap version="0.9" lat="37.569464" lon="127.001975" type="satellite" zoom="13" width="300" height="250" selector="no" controls="small">
</googlemap>
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

''There was historical restoration of a small stream, Cheonggyecheon, in the center of Seoul in 2003. Right now, Cheonggyecheon is very famous landmark in Seoul and citizens and tourists love this place. However it looks more like “Disneyland-fication” than natural stream restoration. Environmental activist criticize the output of restoration because it is far from natural stream and costs a lot for maintenance. Cheonggyecheon is still controversial issue. The appearance of restored Cheonggyecheon is ideal but not practical. I have never been living out of City, and actually I have spent the most of my life time in Seoul, huge metropolis. As a result, I am not sure how to implant Image of Nature in the City Area, where a prototype of nature can merely survive. Studying the restoration project of Cheonggyecheon, I want to look for the answer of it.

== Author's perspective ==
''From which professional background/perspective are your documenting this case?''

I was born in developing country and live in developed country. Based on my experience in high speed urbanization, I try to light on the image of urban stream. As a civil and environmental engineer, it is impossible to overlook the natural function of the stream in restoration project.

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==
*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''

Cheonggyecheon is natural ephemeral stream across the city of Seoul, which has been the capital of Korea since 1392, and functions as discharger of heavy rainfall in summer monsoon. It has been dredged for the sake of preventing flood for more than 600 years and its name, Cheonggyecheon, is also originated from the meaning of “dredge a stream”. In 1770s, the stream was straightened in the process of dredging. After Korean War, the poor people settled nearby the stream and it had been slummed through the age of industrial revolution. The stream was extremely polluted by chemicals and sewage. The stream had been covered up since 1930s and the overpass was constructed over the stream in 1970. In 2000s, according to deterioration and safety problem of the overpass, the government of Seoul city decided to restoration of Cheonggyecheon and the construction was fulfilled in 2005 followed by 26 months of rushing construction. 270Million Euro had been spent to restore 5.8km long stream. The running waters are leaded from groundwater fountain in subway and the Intake station in Han River because there is naturally no running water on the stream except monsoon season.

The restoration of Cheonggyecheon was planned to connect biotopes in Seoul. The CBD, Cheonggyecheon cuts through, is surrounded by Mountains and palaces functioning core patch of ecosystem and the end of Cheonggyecheon flows into Han River. The restored stream is vertically consisted of wetland, flood plain, revetment, and the terrace land and the large range of plant from submerged plants to roadside trees was planted on each site. 288 species of animals and 366 species of plants inhabit along the stream.(2012, 7th Han River Ecology Report). The upper region has a simplified water bed and the velocity of fluid is quite high. The plants bed is well manicured but the lack of diversity is remarkable. The feature of inhabitants becomes more natural toward the mouth of the stream and at the mouth of the stream is only area where amphibian and reptile live.

The starting point of Cheonggyecheon is sited on historical center of the Seoul, inside of the old castle. The upper stream is mixed zone with the historical palaces and high-rise buildings so it is conceptualized as historical and tradition section. The stream flows into the Han River and the mouth of the stream has abundant natural resources, and this area is planned as natural and future section. The middle of the stream lies on very hot market place and became a cultural and modern section. The direction of restoration does not completely correspond to ecological restoration but Cheonggyecheon gains great popularity as urban park. Especially the upper areas are used for festival, exhibition, and routine trail for citizens.

<gallery caption="Illustration " widths="200px" heights="200px" perrow="4">
Image:1930.png|''1930s''
Image:JC.JPG|''Slummed Area before cover-up''
Image:Overpass.jpg|''Overpass from 1976 to 2003''
Image:Restorationplan.png|''Restoration Plan''
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case and take the following aspects into account:''
* ''natural dynamic versus cultural framework - in how far do these two forces come together in your case?''

Image of nature reflecting on the restoration of Cheonggyecheon shows that it is almost impossible to reproduce the nature already ruined. Although the rebirth of Cheonggyecheon means the change of paradigm about value of nature in society, it still remains in the object that people uses and enjoys. The nature is reinterpreteted without primitive function and dominated by cultural text as what is like in their imagination. Practically it is merely possible to recreate primitive stream in the center of highly concentrated urban area. About 50% of Koreans live in metropolitan area, inside of and nearby in Seoul, and 20% of Koreans live in Seoul. The areas that Cheonggyecheon laid on is the most highly developed areas. It is merely founded unpaved ground except palaces and mountains. The percentage of impervious areas in Cheonggyecheon reaches 71.5%, the highest among all over Korea(2013, Ministry of Environment). This means that it is very hard to have quantity of natural flow in the stream, which is supposed to be in native condition. The high-rise buildings are standing along Cheonggyecheon and the mid-stream areas are very crowded market area. In the process of the indemnification for land has born acute social issues. After covered up in 1930s, the areas over the stream had been specialized commercial complex for industrial tools and gears. The Restoration of the stream forced it out of Seoul and many small businesses lost their livelihood. Cheonggyecheon was rebuilt between limits of reality, in which living nature could hardly survive. The result is destinated costly operation and maintenance caused by pumping water up, released fishes confronted by death, and ecosystem interfered by people who want to enjoy new Disneyland.

According to recent research about the ecological datum in Cheonggyecheon and Han River, the upper areas are close to urban entertainment facility and the downstream areas fulfill the conditions to be a natural stream. The upper area has very neat scenery with big limestone but it does not fit on condition for the natural stream and it functions as urban waterfront. The sediments are deposited along the stream and results the better surroundings for native creatures. Furthermore the downstream has pretty much larger flood plain and the spot connecting to Han River, Eco-reserve areas. Thorough the full range of the stream, there is no regard for bird habits and benthic macro-invertebrate. Culturally the upper stream is surrounded by CBD and huge market area and the downstream passes by residential areas. For this reason, the upper stream was planned to be historical and traditional place, even though the results does not seem like that. The upper stream is used for open place for citizens rather than for animals and plants and hundreds festivals and ceremonies are held yearly.

The restoration was projected to develop green network in Seoul, which connect the mountains in south and north including the palaces nearby and complete the circular corridors to Han River. It is devoted obviously to ecological richness but is barely said to accomplish green network. In spite of controversial situation, Cheonggyecheon contributes greatly to lower the temperature of CBD area in Seoul, averagely 3.6℃ cooler than other areas in Seoul, and provides a green place that citizens are relaxing and enjoying.

* ''dynamic through the year (you may imagine how the site looks in spring and summer, maybe you also remember it)''

The upper stream close to my living place always stays in the same image in my memory through the year because it looks like big fish-ball. There are big exhibition like lantern festival in winter time and children having fun in the water in summer. You could see people chatting with their colleagues in daytime and taking a walk along the stream at night on the way from their work. The critical reason that the stream could retain its neat outlook is cleaning service by city government. The stream was maintained like government building through sweeping and rubbing.

* ''highlight potentials and problems''

CCheonggyecheon has little quatity of flow because it is originally a dry stream and the large of the basin is impervious. In a result, it artificially pumps water up from Han River and underground. The drawing process costs averagely 600,000EUR per year. Furthermore this operation causes water-bloom. The cost for maintenance was 6,000,000EUR in 2011 and has increased continuously. On the other hand, impermeable covered-up pavement in CBD nearby Cheonggyecheon intensifys over-flood in summer monsoon. Followed by climate change, the amount of rainfall in summer monsoon increases dramatically and features pouring a large amount of rainfall in a short period of time. Additionally huge size of square was built nearby with waterproof material and is sunken in the rain . This situation drives disputes about natural function of the stream as a discharger.

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="200px" heights="200px" perrow="4">
Image:Biotopes.png|Connecting Biontopes in Seoul
Image:Upperarea.png|The Upper areas of stream
Image:Toward_the_mouth.png|Toward the mouth
Image:Fourseasons.png|Four Seasons
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
* ''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) for your case and take the following aspects into account:''
** ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''

It is surprised that the downstream of the stream achieve desirable condition and worried about the interference by human being. To preserve stable ecosystem, limit access area should be set up partially. In case of the upper stream, well managed garden hazards variety of species so changing a planting plan is advisable. To enlarge unpaved areas and planted areas would be helpful to improve the situation. However, it will be needed more land for flood plain in long term. Overall, the downstream should keep its condition well and the upper stream should be like the downstream.

Seoul metropolitan government releases their plan to re-restoration of Cheonggyecheon yesterday (29 Nov. 2013). The core issue of the plan is to dismantle straightened water way, and to make a meandering. Furthermore the plan includes reconstruction of historical monument carried away and alternative water resource flowing on the stream. The plan is going to be confirmed next year and go on until 2050. Considering climate change, this plan should deal with deep underground reservoir or rain garden to evacuate heavy rainfall in short time and release it gradually in case of need.

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Overflow_concept.png|Overflow in summer
Image:Rain_garden_concept.png|Rain Garden
Image:Underground.jpg|Underground Reservoir
Image:Roof_reservoir.png|Rooftop Reservoir in public school
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
''Please summarize your case and give arguments for your projective design (approx 150 words).''

In long term strategy, even thought the restoration of Cheonggyecheon was partially failed, it is big foot print as the first step forward. The story of restoration was a heritage of high-speed development era but left a great potential to evolve that matches paradigm changes. In the circumstance of tangled interest, oppressive and dogmatic development was inevitable at that time. However, climate changes enhance a necessity of urban discharger and a consideration of sustainable development draws the plan for re-restoration. Acquiring proper quantity of flow from natural resource roots the issue of impermeable space and loss of small stream in urban area. Technical resolution like urban garden and deep underground reservoir would be dealt with to relieve this issue. Furthermore, the roads along Cheonggyecheon should be transferred to flood plain. The positive outcomes from restoration, relief on heat island, ecological contribution, and even its entertainment job, would support further steps forward.

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Cross_Sectional_drawing.png|Standard Cross Sectional Drawing
Image:Standard_planting_plan.png|Planting Plan
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|image 4
</gallery>

== References ==

'''''* Discovery Documentary about the Cheonggyecheon Stream''
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_zSFZ2dGl4g'''

''* ''Seoul Metropolitan Government(2006), The Restoration of Cheonggyecheon White Paper''

''* ''Seoul Metropolitan Government(2012), The Han-River Ecology Report''

''* Seoul Metropolitan Government Press Release''

''* http://terms.naver.com/''

''* http://www.doopedia.co.kr/''

----
[[Category:Planting Design 2013 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Planting Design 2013 Working Group 6 - Case Study A

2013-12-01T11:59:54Z

Hyeyoon Choi: /* Summary and conclusion */

---> back to group page [[Planting_Design_2013_-_Working_Group_6|working group 6]]

'''''Cheonggyecheon: Image of Nature in the Metropolis'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Cheonggyecheon''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Seoul''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Korea, Republic of''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''add author''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Korea-Seoul-Cheonggyecheon-2008-01.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|<googlemap version="0.9" lat="37.569464" lon="127.001975" type="satellite" zoom="13" width="300" height="250" selector="no" controls="small">
</googlemap>
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

''There was historical restoration of a small stream, Cheonggyecheon, in the center of Seoul in 2003. Right now, Cheonggyecheon is very famous landmark in Seoul and citizens and tourists love this place. However it looks more like “Disneyland-fication” than natural stream restoration. Environmental activist criticize the output of restoration because it is far from natural stream and costs a lot for maintenance. Cheonggyecheon is still controversial issue. The appearance of restored Cheonggyecheon is ideal but not practical. I have never been living out of City, and actually I have spent the most of my life time in Seoul, huge metropolis. As a result, I am not sure how to implant Image of Nature in the City Area, where a prototype of nature can merely survive. Studying the restoration project of Cheonggyecheon, I want to look for the answer of it.

== Author's perspective ==
''From which professional background/perspective are your documenting this case?''

I was born in developing country and live in developed country. Based on my experience in high speed urbanization, I try to light on the image of urban stream. As a civil and environmental engineer, it is impossible to overlook the natural function of the stream in restoration project.

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==
*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''

Cheonggyecheon is natural ephemeral stream across the city of Seoul, which has been the capital of Korea since 1392, and functions as discharger of heavy rainfall in summer monsoon. It has been dredged for the sake of preventing flood for more than 600 years and its name, Cheonggyecheon, is also originated from the meaning of “dredge a stream”. In 1770s, the stream was straightened in the process of dredging. After Korean War, the poor people settled nearby the stream and it had been slummed through the age of industrial revolution. The stream was extremely polluted by chemicals and sewage. The stream had been covered up since 1930s and the overpass was constructed over the stream in 1970. In 2000s, according to deterioration and safety problem of the overpass, the government of Seoul city decided to restoration of Cheonggyecheon and the construction was fulfilled in 2005 followed by 26 months of rushing construction. 270Million Euro had been spent to restore 5.8km long stream. The running waters are leaded from groundwater fountain in subway and the Intake station in Han River because there is naturally no running water on the stream except monsoon season.

The restoration of Cheonggyecheon was planned to connect biotopes in Seoul. The CBD, Cheonggyecheon cuts through, is surrounded by Mountains and palaces functioning core patch of ecosystem and the end of Cheonggyecheon flows into Han River. The restored stream is vertically consisted of wetland, flood plain, revetment, and the terrace land and the large range of plant from submerged plants to roadside trees was planted on each site. 288 species of animals and 366 species of plants inhabit along the stream.(2012, 7th Han River Ecology Report). The upper region has a simplified water bed and the velocity of fluid is quite high. The plants bed is well manicured but the lack of diversity is remarkable. The feature of inhabitants becomes more natural toward the mouth of the stream and at the mouth of the stream is only area where amphibian and reptile live.

The starting point of Cheonggyecheon is sited on historical center of the Seoul, inside of the old castle. The upper stream is mixed zone with the historical palaces and high-rise buildings so it is conceptualized as historical and tradition section. The stream flows into the Han River and the mouth of the stream has abundant natural resources, and this area is planned as natural and future section. The middle of the stream lies on very hot market place and became a cultural and modern section. The direction of restoration does not completely correspond to ecological restoration but Cheonggyecheon gains great popularity as urban park. Especially the upper areas are used for festival, exhibition, and routine trail for citizens.

<gallery caption="Illustration " widths="200px" heights="200px" perrow="4">
Image:1930.png|''1930s''
Image:JC.JPG|''Slummed Area before cover-up''
Image:Overpass.jpg|''Overpass from 1976 to 2003''
Image:Restorationplan.png|''Restoration Plan''
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case and take the following aspects into account:''
* ''natural dynamic versus cultural framework - in how far do these two forces come together in your case?''

Image of nature reflecting on the restoration of Cheonggyecheon shows that it is almost impossible to reproduce the nature already ruined. Although the rebirth of Cheonggyecheon means the change of paradigm about value of nature in society, it still remains in the object that people uses and enjoys. The nature is reinterpreteted without primitive function and dominated by cultural text as what is like in their imagination. Practically it is merely possible to recreate primitive stream in the center of highly concentrated urban area. About 50% of Koreans live in metropolitan area, inside of and nearby in Seoul, and 20% of Koreans live in Seoul. The areas that Cheonggyecheon laid on is the most highly developed areas. It is merely founded unpaved ground except palaces and mountains. The percentage of impervious areas in Cheonggyecheon reaches 71.5%, the highest among all over Korea(2013, Ministry of Environment). This means that it is very hard to have quantity of natural flow in the stream, which is supposed to be in native condition. The high-rise buildings are standing along Cheonggyecheon and the mid-stream areas are very crowded market area. In the process of the indemnification for land has born acute social issues. After covered up in 1930s, the areas over the stream had been specialized commercial complex for industrial tools and gears. The Restoration of the stream forced it out of Seoul and many small businesses lost their livelihood. Cheonggyecheon was rebuilt between limits of reality, in which living nature could hardly survive. The result is destinated costly operation and maintenance caused by pumping water up, released fishes confronted by death, and ecosystem interfered by people who want to enjoy new Disneyland.

According to recent research about the ecological datum in Cheonggyecheon and Han River, the upper areas are close to urban entertainment facility and the downstream areas fulfill the conditions to be a natural stream. The upper area has very neat scenery with big limestone but it does not fit on condition for the natural stream and it functions as urban waterfront. The sediments are deposited along the stream and results the better surroundings for native creatures. Furthermore the downstream has pretty much larger flood plain and the spot connecting to Han River, Eco-reserve areas. Thorough the full range of the stream, there is no regard for bird habits and benthic macro-invertebrate. Culturally the upper stream is surrounded by CBD and huge market area and the downstream passes by residential areas. For this reason, the upper stream was planned to be historical and traditional place, even though the results does not seem like that. The upper stream is used for open place for citizens rather than for animals and plants and hundreds festivals and ceremonies are held yearly.

The restoration was projected to develop green network in Seoul, which connect the mountains in south and north including the palaces nearby and complete the circular corridors to Han River. It is devoted obviously to ecological richness but is barely said to accomplish green network. In spite of controversial situation, Cheonggyecheon contributes greatly to lower the temperature of CBD area in Seoul, averagely 3.6℃ cooler than other areas in Seoul, and provides a green place that citizens are relaxing and enjoying.

* ''dynamic through the year (you may imagine how the site looks in spring and summer, maybe you also remember it)''

The upper stream close to my living place always stays in the same image in my memory through the year because it looks like big fish-ball. There are big exhibition like lantern festival in winter time and children having fun in the water in summer. You could see people chatting with their colleagues in daytime and taking a walk along the stream at night on the way from their work. The critical reason that the stream could retain its neat outlook is cleaning service by city government. The stream was maintained like government building through sweeping and rubbing.

* ''highlight potentials and problems''

CCheonggyecheon has little quatity of flow because it is originally a dry stream and the large of the basin is impervious. In a result, it artificially pumps water up from Han River and underground. The drawing process costs averagely 600,000EUR per year. Furthermore this operation causes water-bloom. The cost for maintenance was 6,000,000EUR in 2011 and has increased continuously. On the other hand, impermeable covered-up pavement in CBD nearby Cheonggyecheon intensifys over-flood in summer monsoon. Followed by climate change, the amount of rainfall in summer monsoon increases dramatically and features pouring a large amount of rainfall in a short period of time. Additionally huge size of square was built nearby with waterproof material and is sunken in the rain . This situation drives disputes about natural function of the stream as a discharger.

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="200px" heights="200px" perrow="4">
Image:Biotopes.png|Connecting Biontopes in Seoul
Image:Upperarea.png|The Upper areas of stream
Image:Toward_the_mouth.png|Toward the mouth
Image:Fourseasons.png|Four Seasons
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
* ''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) for your case and take the following aspects into account:''
** ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''

It is surprised that the downstream of the stream achieve desirable condition and worried about the interference by human being. To preserve stable ecosystem, limit access area should be set up partially. In case of the upper stream, well managed garden hazards variety of species so changing a planting plan is advisable. To enlarge unpaved areas and planted areas would be helpful to improve the situation. However, it will be needed more land for flood plain in long term. Overall, the downstream should keep its condition well and the upper stream should be like the downstream.

Seoul metropolitan government releases their plan to re-restoration of Cheonggyecheon yesterday (29 Nov. 2013). The core issue of the plan is to dismantle straightened water way, and to make a meandering. Furthermore the plan includes reconstruction of historical monument carried away and alternative water resource flowing on the stream. The plan is going to be confirmed next year and go on until 2050. Considering climate change, this plan should deal with deep underground reservoir or rain garden to evacuate heavy rainfall in short time and release it gradually in case of need.

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Overflow_concept.png|Overflow in summer
Image:Rain_garden_concept.png|Rain Garden
Image:Underground.jpg|Underground Reservoir
Image:Roof_reservoir.png|Rooftop Reservoir in public school
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
''Please summarize your case and give arguments for your projective design (approx 150 words).''

In long term strategy, even thought the restoration of Cheonggyecheon was partially failed, it is big foot print as the first step forward. The story of restoration was a heritage of high-speed development era but left a great potential to evolve that matches paradigm changes. In the circumstance of tangled interest, oppressive and dogmatic development was inevitable at that time. However, climate changes enhance a necessity of urban discharger and a consideration of sustainable development draws the plan for re-restoration. Acquiring proper quantity of flow from natural resource roots the issue of impermeable space and loss of small stream in urban area. Technical resolution like urban garden and deep underground reservoir would be dealt with to relieve this issue. Furthermore, the roads along Cheonggyecheon should be transferred to flood plain. The positive outcome from restoration of Cheonggyecheon, relief on heat island, ecological contribution, and even its entertainment job, would support further steps forward.

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Cross_Sectional_drawing.png|Standard Cross Sectional Drawing
Image:Standard_planting_plan.png|Planting Plan
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|image 4
</gallery>

== References ==

'''''* Discovery Documentary about the Cheonggyecheon Stream''
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_zSFZ2dGl4g'''

''* ''Seoul Metropolitan Government(2006), The Restoration of Cheonggyecheon White Paper''

''* ''Seoul Metropolitan Government(2012), The Han-River Ecology Report''

''* Seoul Metropolitan Government Press Release''

''* http://terms.naver.com/''

''* http://www.doopedia.co.kr/''

----
[[Category:Planting Design 2013 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Planting Design 2013 Working Group 6 - Case Study A

2013-12-01T05:05:54Z

Hyeyoon Choi: /* Analytical drawings */

---> back to group page [[Planting_Design_2013_-_Working_Group_6|working group 6]]

'''''Cheonggyecheon: Image of Nature in the Metropolis'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Cheonggyecheon''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Seoul''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Korea, Republic of''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''add author''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Korea-Seoul-Cheonggyecheon-2008-01.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|<googlemap version="0.9" lat="37.569464" lon="127.001975" type="satellite" zoom="13" width="300" height="250" selector="no" controls="small">
</googlemap>
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

''There was historical restoration of a small stream, Cheonggyecheon, in the center of Seoul in 2003. Right now, Cheonggyecheon is very famous landmark in Seoul and citizens and tourists love this place. However it looks more like “Disneyland-fication” than natural stream restoration. Environmental activist criticize the output of restoration because it is far from natural stream and costs a lot for maintenance. Cheonggyecheon is still controversial issue. The appearance of restored Cheonggyecheon is ideal but not practical. I have never been living out of City, and actually I have spent the most of my life time in Seoul, huge metropolis. As a result, I am not sure how to implant Image of Nature in the City Area, where a prototype of nature can merely survive. Studying the restoration project of Cheonggyecheon, I want to look for the answer of it.

== Author's perspective ==
''From which professional background/perspective are your documenting this case?''

I was born in developing country and live in developed country. Based on my experience in high speed urbanization, I try to light on the image of urban stream. As a civil and environmental engineer, it is impossible to overlook the natural function of the stream in restoration project.

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==
*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''

Cheonggyecheon is natural ephemeral stream across the city of Seoul, which has been the capital of Korea since 1392, and functions as discharger of heavy rainfall in summer monsoon. It has been dredged for the sake of preventing flood for more than 600 years and its name, Cheonggyecheon, is also originated from the meaning of “dredge a stream”. In 1770s, the stream was straightened in the process of dredging. After Korean War, the poor people settled nearby the stream and it had been slummed through the age of industrial revolution. The stream was extremely polluted by chemicals and sewage. The stream had been covered up since 1930s and the overpass was constructed over the stream in 1970. In 2000s, according to deterioration and safety problem of the overpass, the government of Seoul city decided to restoration of Cheonggyecheon and the construction was fulfilled in 2005 followed by 26 months of rushing construction. 270Million Euro had been spent to restore 5.8km long stream. The running waters are leaded from groundwater fountain in subway and the Intake station in Han River because there is naturally no running water on the stream except monsoon season.

The restoration of Cheonggyecheon was planned to connect biotopes in Seoul. The CBD, Cheonggyecheon cuts through, is surrounded by Mountains and palaces functioning core patch of ecosystem and the end of Cheonggyecheon flows into Han River. The restored stream is vertically consisted of wetland, flood plain, revetment, and the terrace land and the large range of plant from submerged plants to roadside trees was planted on each site. 288 species of animals and 366 species of plants inhabit along the stream.(2012, 7th Han River Ecology Report). The upper region has a simplified water bed and the velocity of fluid is quite high. The plants bed is well manicured but the lack of diversity is remarkable. The feature of inhabitants becomes more natural toward the mouth of the stream and at the mouth of the stream is only area where amphibian and reptile live.

The starting point of Cheonggyecheon is sited on historical center of the Seoul, inside of the old castle. The upper stream is mixed zone with the historical palaces and high-rise buildings so it is conceptualized as historical and tradition section. The stream flows into the Han River and the mouth of the stream has abundant natural resources, and this area is planned as natural and future section. The middle of the stream lies on very hot market place and became a cultural and modern section. The direction of restoration does not completely correspond to ecological restoration but Cheonggyecheon gains great popularity as urban park. Especially the upper areas are used for festival, exhibition, and routine trail for citizens.

<gallery caption="Illustration " widths="200px" heights="200px" perrow="4">
Image:1930.png|''1930s''
Image:JC.JPG|''Slummed Area before cover-up''
Image:Overpass.jpg|''Overpass from 1976 to 2003''
Image:Restorationplan.png|''Restoration Plan''
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case and take the following aspects into account:''
* ''natural dynamic versus cultural framework - in how far do these two forces come together in your case?''

Image of nature reflecting on the restoration of Cheonggyecheon shows that it is almost impossible to reproduce the nature already ruined. Although the rebirth of Cheonggyecheon means the change of paradigm about value of nature in society, it still remains in the object that people uses and enjoys. The nature is reinterpreteted without primitive function and dominated by cultural text as what is like in their imagination. Practically it is merely possible to recreate primitive stream in the center of highly concentrated urban area. About 50% of Koreans live in metropolitan area, inside of and nearby in Seoul, and 20% of Koreans live in Seoul. The areas that Cheonggyecheon laid on is the most highly developed areas. It is merely founded unpaved ground except palaces and mountains. The percentage of impervious areas in Cheonggyecheon reaches 71.5%, the highest among all over Korea(2013, Ministry of Environment). This means that it is very hard to have quantity of natural flow in the stream, which is supposed to be in native condition. The high-rise buildings are standing along Cheonggyecheon and the mid-stream areas are very crowded market area. In the process of the indemnification for land has born acute social issues. After covered up in 1930s, the areas over the stream had been specialized commercial complex for industrial tools and gears. The Restoration of the stream forced it out of Seoul and many small businesses lost their livelihood. Cheonggyecheon was rebuilt between limits of reality, in which living nature could hardly survive. The result is destinated costly operation and maintenance caused by pumping water up, released fishes confronted by death, and ecosystem interfered by people who want to enjoy new Disneyland.

According to recent research about the ecological datum in Cheonggyecheon and Han River, the upper areas are close to urban entertainment facility and the downstream areas fulfill the conditions to be a natural stream. The upper area has very neat scenery with big limestone but it does not fit on condition for the natural stream and it functions as urban waterfront. The sediments are deposited along the stream and results the better surroundings for native creatures. Furthermore the downstream has pretty much larger flood plain and the spot connecting to Han River, Eco-reserve areas. Thorough the full range of the stream, there is no regard for bird habits and benthic macro-invertebrate. Culturally the upper stream is surrounded by CBD and huge market area and the downstream passes by residential areas. For this reason, the upper stream was planned to be historical and traditional place, even though the results does not seem like that. The upper stream is used for open place for citizens rather than for animals and plants and hundreds festivals and ceremonies are held yearly.

The restoration was projected to develop green network in Seoul, which connect the mountains in south and north including the palaces nearby and complete the circular corridors to Han River. It is devoted obviously to ecological richness but is barely said to accomplish green network. In spite of controversial situation, Cheonggyecheon contributes greatly to lower the temperature of CBD area in Seoul, averagely 3.6℃ cooler than other areas in Seoul, and provides a green place that citizens are relaxing and enjoying.

* ''dynamic through the year (you may imagine how the site looks in spring and summer, maybe you also remember it)''

The upper stream close to my living place always stays in the same image in my memory through the year because it looks like big fish-ball. There are big exhibition like lantern festival in winter time and children having fun in the water in summer. You could see people chatting with their colleagues in daytime and taking a walk along the stream at night on the way from their work. The critical reason that the stream could retain its neat outlook is cleaning service by city government. The stream was maintained like government building through sweeping and rubbing.

* ''highlight potentials and problems''

CCheonggyecheon has little quatity of flow because it is originally a dry stream and the large of the basin is impervious. In a result, it artificially pumps water up from Han River and underground. The drawing process costs averagely 600,000EUR per year. Furthermore this operation causes water-bloom. The cost for maintenance was 6,000,000EUR in 2011 and has increased continuously. On the other hand, impermeable covered-up pavement in CBD nearby Cheonggyecheon intensifys over-flood in summer monsoon. Followed by climate change, the amount of rainfall in summer monsoon increases dramatically and features pouring a large amount of rainfall in a short period of time. Additionally huge size of square was built nearby with waterproof material and is sunken in the rain . This situation drives disputes about natural function of the stream as a discharger.

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="200px" heights="200px" perrow="4">
Image:Biotopes.png|Connecting Biontopes in Seoul
Image:Upperarea.png|The Upper areas of stream
Image:Toward_the_mouth.png|Toward the mouth
Image:Fourseasons.png|Four Seasons
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
* ''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) for your case and take the following aspects into account:''
** ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''

It is surprised that the downstream of the stream achieve desirable condition and worried about the interference by human being. To preserve stable ecosystem, limit access area should be set up partially. In case of the upper stream, well managed garden hazards variety of species so changing a planting plan is advisable. To enlarge unpaved areas and planted areas would be helpful to improve the situation. However, it will be needed more land for flood plain in long term. Overall, the downstream should keep its condition well and the upper stream should be like the downstream.

Seoul metropolitan government releases their plan to re-restoration of Cheonggyecheon yesterday (29 Nov. 2013). The core issue of the plan is to dismantle straightened water way, and to make a meandering. Furthermore the plan includes reconstruction of historical monument carried away and alternative water resource flowing on the stream. The plan is going to be confirmed next year and go on until 2050. Considering climate change, this plan should deal with deep underground reservoir or rain garden to evacuate heavy rainfall in short time and release it gradually in case of need.

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Overflow_concept.png|Overflow in summer
Image:Rain_garden_concept.png|Rain Garden
Image:Underground.jpg|Underground Reservoir
Image:Roof_reservoir.png|Rooftop Reservoir in public school
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
''Please summarize your case and give arguments for your projective design (approx 150 words).''

In long term strategy, even thought the restoration of Cheonggyecheon was partially failed, it is big foot print as the first step forward. The story of restoration was a heritage of high-speed development era but left a great potential to evolve that matches paradigm changes. In the circumstance of tangled interest, oppressive and dogmatic development was inevitable at that time. However, climate changes enhance a necessity of urban discharger and a consideration of sustainable development draws the plan for re-restoration. Acquiring proper quantity of flow from natural resource roots the issue of impermeable space and loss of small stream in urban area. Technical resolution like urban garden and deep underground reservoir would be dealt with to relieve this issue. Furthermore, the roads along Cheonggyecheon should be transferred to flood plain. The positive effects resulted by Cheonggyecheon, relief on heat island, ecological contribution, and even its entertainment job, would support further steps forward.

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Cross_Sectional_drawing.png|Standard Cross Sectional Drawing
Image:Standard_planting_plan.png|Planting Plan
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|image 4
</gallery>

== References ==

'''''* Discovery Documentary about the Cheonggyecheon Stream''
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_zSFZ2dGl4g'''

''* ''Seoul Metropolitan Government(2006), The Restoration of Cheonggyecheon White Paper''

''* ''Seoul Metropolitan Government(2012), The Han-River Ecology Report''

''* Seoul Metropolitan Government Press Release''

''* http://terms.naver.com/''

''* http://www.doopedia.co.kr/''

----
[[Category:Planting Design 2013 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Planting Design 2013 Working Group 6 - Case Study A

2013-12-01T04:56:32Z

Hyeyoon Choi: /* Author's perspective */

---> back to group page [[Planting_Design_2013_-_Working_Group_6|working group 6]]

'''''Cheonggyecheon: Image of Nature in the Metropolis'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Cheonggyecheon''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Seoul''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Korea, Republic of''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''add author''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Korea-Seoul-Cheonggyecheon-2008-01.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|<googlemap version="0.9" lat="37.569464" lon="127.001975" type="satellite" zoom="13" width="300" height="250" selector="no" controls="small">
</googlemap>
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

''There was historical restoration of a small stream, Cheonggyecheon, in the center of Seoul in 2003. Right now, Cheonggyecheon is very famous landmark in Seoul and citizens and tourists love this place. However it looks more like “Disneyland-fication” than natural stream restoration. Environmental activist criticize the output of restoration because it is far from natural stream and costs a lot for maintenance. Cheonggyecheon is still controversial issue. The appearance of restored Cheonggyecheon is ideal but not practical. I have never been living out of City, and actually I have spent the most of my life time in Seoul, huge metropolis. As a result, I am not sure how to implant Image of Nature in the City Area, where a prototype of nature can merely survive. Studying the restoration project of Cheonggyecheon, I want to look for the answer of it.

== Author's perspective ==
''From which professional background/perspective are your documenting this case?''

I was born in developing country and live in developed country. Based on my experience in high speed urbanization, I try to light on the image of urban stream. As a civil and environmental engineer, it is impossible to overlook the natural function of the stream in restoration project.

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==
*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''

Cheonggyecheon is natural ephemeral stream across the city of Seoul, which has been the capital of Korea since 1392, and functions as discharger of heavy rainfall in summer monsoon. It has been dredged for the sake of preventing flood for more than 600 years and its name, Cheonggyecheon, is also originated from the meaning of “dredge a stream”. In 1770s, the stream was straightened in the process of dredging. After Korean War, the poor people settled nearby the stream and it had been slummed through the age of industrial revolution. The stream was extremely polluted by chemicals and sewage. The stream had been covered up since 1930s and the overpass was constructed over the stream in 1970. In 2000s, according to deterioration and safety problem of the overpass, the government of Seoul city decided to restoration of Cheonggyecheon and the construction was fulfilled in 2005 followed by 26 months of rushing construction. 270Million Euro had been spent to restore 5.8km long stream. The running waters are leaded from groundwater fountain in subway and the Intake station in Han River because there is naturally no running water on the stream except monsoon season.

The restoration of Cheonggyecheon was planned to connect biotopes in Seoul. The CBD, Cheonggyecheon cuts through, is surrounded by Mountains and palaces functioning core patch of ecosystem and the end of Cheonggyecheon flows into Han River. The restored stream is vertically consisted of wetland, flood plain, revetment, and the terrace land and the large range of plant from submerged plants to roadside trees was planted on each site. 288 species of animals and 366 species of plants inhabit along the stream.(2012, 7th Han River Ecology Report). The upper region has a simplified water bed and the velocity of fluid is quite high. The plants bed is well manicured but the lack of diversity is remarkable. The feature of inhabitants becomes more natural toward the mouth of the stream and at the mouth of the stream is only area where amphibian and reptile live.

The starting point of Cheonggyecheon is sited on historical center of the Seoul, inside of the old castle. The upper stream is mixed zone with the historical palaces and high-rise buildings so it is conceptualized as historical and tradition section. The stream flows into the Han River and the mouth of the stream has abundant natural resources, and this area is planned as natural and future section. The middle of the stream lies on very hot market place and became a cultural and modern section. The direction of restoration does not completely correspond to ecological restoration but Cheonggyecheon gains great popularity as urban park. Especially the upper areas are used for festival, exhibition, and routine trail for citizens.

<gallery caption="Illustration " widths="200px" heights="200px" perrow="4">
Image:1930.png|''1930s''
Image:JC.JPG|''Slummed Area before cover-up''
Image:Overpass.jpg|''Overpass from 1976 to 2003''
Image:Restorationplan.png|''Restoration Plan''
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case and take the following aspects into account:''
* ''natural dynamic versus cultural framework - in how far do these two forces come together in your case?''

Image of nature reflecting on the restoration of Cheonggyecheon shows that it is almost impossible to reproduce the nature already ruined. Although the rebirth of Cheonggyecheon means the change of paradigm about value of nature in society, it still remains in the object that people uses and enjoys. The nature is reinterpreteted without primitive function and dominated by cultural text as what is like in their imagination. Practically it is merely possible to recreate primitive stream in the center of highly concentrated urban area. About 50% of Koreans live in metropolitan area, inside of and nearby in Seoul, and 20% of Koreans live in Seoul. The areas that Cheonggyecheon laid on is the most highly developed areas. It is merely founded unpaved ground except palaces and mountains. The percentage of impervious areas in Cheonggyecheon reaches 71.5%, the highest among all over Korea(2013, Ministry of Environment). This means that it is very hard to have quantity of natural flow in the stream, which is supposed to be in native condition. The high-rise buildings are standing along Cheonggyecheon and the mid-stream areas are very crowded market area. In the process of the indemnification for land has born acute social issues. After covered up in 1930s, the areas over the stream had been specialized commercial complex for industrial tools and gears. The Restoration of the stream forced it out of Seoul and many small businesses lost their livelihood. Cheonggyecheon was rebuilt between limits of reality, in which living nature could hardly survive. The result is destinated costly operation and maintenance caused by pumping water up, released fishes confronted by death, and ecosystem interfered by people who want to enjoy new Disneyland.

According to recent research about the ecological datum in Cheonggyecheon and Han River, the upper areas are close to urban entertainment facility and the downstream areas fulfill the conditions to be a natural stream. The upper area has very neat scenery with big limestone but it does not fit on condition for the natural stream and it functions as urban waterfront. The sediments are deposited along the stream and results the better surroundings for native creatures. Furthermore the downstream has pretty much larger flood plain and the spot connecting to Han River, Eco-reserve areas. Thorough the full range of the stream, there is no regard for bird habits and benthic macro-invertebrate. Culturally the upper stream is surrounded by CBD and huge market area and the downstream passes by residential areas. For this reason, the upper stream was planned to be historical and traditional place, even though the results does not seem like that. The upper stream is used for open place for citizens rather than for animals and plants and hundreds festivals and ceremonies are held yearly.

The restoration was projected to develop green network in Seoul, which connect the mountains in south and north including the palaces nearby and complete the circular corridors to Han River. It is devoted obviously to ecological richness but is barely said to accomplish green network. In spite of controversial situation, Cheonggyecheon contributes greatly to lower the temperature of CBD area in Seoul, averagely 3.6℃ cooler than other areas in Seoul, and provides a green place that citizens are relaxing and enjoying.

* ''dynamic through the year (you may imagine how the site looks in spring and summer, maybe you also remember it)''

The upper stream closed to my living place always stays in the same image in my memory through the year because it looks like big fish-ball. There are big exhibition like lantern festival in winter time and children having fun in the water in summer. You could see people chatting with their colleagues in daytime and taking a walk along the stream at night on the way from their work. The critical reason that the stream could retain its neat outlook is cleaning service by city government. The stream was maintained like government building through sweeping and rubbing.

* ''highlight potentials and problems''

CCheonggyecheon has little quatity of flow because it is originally a dry stream and the large of the basin is impervious. In a result, it artificially pumps water up from Han River and underground. The drawing process costs averagely 600,000EUR per year. Furthermore this operation causes water-bloom. The cost for maintenance was 6,000,000EUR in 2011 and has increased continuously. On the other hand, impermeable covered-up pavement in CBD nearby Cheonggyecheon intensifys over-flood in summer monsoon. Followed by climate change, the amount of rainfall in summer monsoon increases dramatically and features pouring a large amount of rainfall in a short period of time. Additionally huge size of square was built nearby with waterproof material and is sunken in the rain . This situation drives disputes about natural function of the stream as a discharger.

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="200px" heights="200px" perrow="4">
Image:Biotopes.png|Connecting Biontopes in Seoul
Image:Upperarea.png|The Upper areas of stream
Image:Toward_the_mouth.png|Toward the mouth
Image:Fourseasons.png|Four Seasons
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
* ''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) for your case and take the following aspects into account:''
** ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''

It is surprised that the downstream of the stream achieve desirable condition and worried about the interference by human being. To preserve stable ecosystem, limit access area should be set up partially. In case of the upper stream, well managed garden hazards variety of species so changing a planting plan is advisable. To enlarge unpaved areas and planted areas would be helpful to improve the situation. However, it will be needed more land for flood plain in long term. Overall, the downstream should keep its condition well and the upper stream should be like the downstream.

Seoul metropolitan government releases their plan to re-restoration of Cheonggyecheon yesterday (29 Nov. 2013). The core issue of the plan is to dismantle straightened water way, and to make a meandering. Furthermore the plan includes reconstruction of historical monument carried away and alternative water resource flowing on the stream. The plan is going to be confirmed next year and go on until 2050. Considering climate change, this plan should deal with deep underground reservoir or rain garden to evacuate heavy rainfall in short time and release it gradually in case of need.

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Overflow_concept.png|Overflow in summer
Image:Rain_garden_concept.png|Rain Garden
Image:Underground.jpg|Underground Reservoir
Image:Roof_reservoir.png|Rooftop Reservoir in public school
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
''Please summarize your case and give arguments for your projective design (approx 150 words).''

In long term strategy, even thought the restoration of Cheonggyecheon was partially failed, it is big foot print as the first step forward. The story of restoration was a heritage of high-speed development era but left a great potential to evolve that matches paradigm changes. In the circumstance of tangled interest, oppressive and dogmatic development was inevitable at that time. However, climate changes enhance a necessity of urban discharger and a consideration of sustainable development draws the plan for re-restoration. Acquiring proper quantity of flow from natural resource roots the issue of impermeable space and loss of small stream in urban area. Technical resolution like urban garden and deep underground reservoir would be dealt with to relieve this issue. Furthermore, the roads along Cheonggyecheon should be transferred to flood plain. The positive effects resulted by Cheonggyecheon, relief on heat island, ecological contribution, and even its entertainment job, would support further steps forward.

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Cross_Sectional_drawing.png|Standard Cross Sectional Drawing
Image:Standard_planting_plan.png|Planting Plan
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|image 4
</gallery>

== References ==

'''''* Discovery Documentary about the Cheonggyecheon Stream''
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_zSFZ2dGl4g'''

''* ''Seoul Metropolitan Government(2006), The Restoration of Cheonggyecheon White Paper''

''* ''Seoul Metropolitan Government(2012), The Han-River Ecology Report''

''* Seoul Metropolitan Government Press Release''

''* http://terms.naver.com/''

''* http://www.doopedia.co.kr/''

----
[[Category:Planting Design 2013 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Planting Design 2013 Working Group 6 - Case Study A

2013-12-01T04:13:15Z

Hyeyoon Choi: /* References */

---> back to group page [[Planting_Design_2013_-_Working_Group_6|working group 6]]

'''''Cheonggyecheon: Image of Nature in the Metropolis'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Cheonggyecheon''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Seoul''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Korea, Republic of''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''add author''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Korea-Seoul-Cheonggyecheon-2008-01.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|<googlemap version="0.9" lat="37.569464" lon="127.001975" type="satellite" zoom="13" width="300" height="250" selector="no" controls="small">
</googlemap>
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

''There was historical restoration of a small stream, Cheonggyecheon, in the center of Seoul in 2003. Right now, Cheonggyecheon is very famous landmark in Seoul and citizens and tourists love this place. However it looks more like “Disneyland-fication” than natural stream restoration. Environmental activist criticize the output of restoration because it is far from natural stream and costs a lot for maintenance. Cheonggyecheon is still controversial issue. The appearance of restored Cheonggyecheon is ideal but not practical. I have never been living out of City, and actually I have spent the most of my life time in Seoul, huge metropolis. As a result, I am not sure how to implant Image of Nature in the City Area, where a prototype of nature can merely survive. Studying the restoration project of Cheonggyecheon, I want to look for the answer of it.

== Author's perspective ==
''From which professional background/perspective are your documenting this case?''

I was born in developing country and live in developed country. Based on my experience in high speed urbanization, I try to light on the image of urban stream. As a civil and environmental engineer, it is impossible to overlook the natural function of the stream to study restoration project.

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==
*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''

Cheonggyecheon is natural ephemeral stream across the city of Seoul, which has been the capital of Korea since 1392, and functions as discharger of heavy rainfall in summer monsoon. It has been dredged for the sake of preventing flood for more than 600 years and its name, Cheonggyecheon, is also originated from the meaning of “dredge a stream”. In 1770s, the stream was straightened in the process of dredging. After Korean War, the poor people settled nearby the stream and it had been slummed through the age of industrial revolution. The stream was extremely polluted by chemicals and sewage. The stream had been covered up since 1930s and the overpass was constructed over the stream in 1970. In 2000s, according to deterioration and safety problem of the overpass, the government of Seoul city decided to restoration of Cheonggyecheon and the construction was fulfilled in 2005 followed by 26 months of rushing construction. 270Million Euro had been spent to restore 5.8km long stream. The running waters are leaded from groundwater fountain in subway and the Intake station in Han River because there is naturally no running water on the stream except monsoon season.

The restoration of Cheonggyecheon was planned to connect biotopes in Seoul. The CBD, Cheonggyecheon cuts through, is surrounded by Mountains and palaces functioning core patch of ecosystem and the end of Cheonggyecheon flows into Han River. The restored stream is vertically consisted of wetland, flood plain, revetment, and the terrace land and the large range of plant from submerged plants to roadside trees was planted on each site. 288 species of animals and 366 species of plants inhabit along the stream.(2012, 7th Han River Ecology Report). The upper region has a simplified water bed and the velocity of fluid is quite high. The plants bed is well manicured but the lack of diversity is remarkable. The feature of inhabitants becomes more natural toward the mouth of the stream and at the mouth of the stream is only area where amphibian and reptile live.

The starting point of Cheonggyecheon is sited on historical center of the Seoul, inside of the old castle. The upper stream is mixed zone with the historical palaces and high-rise buildings so it is conceptualized as historical and tradition section. The stream flows into the Han River and the mouth of the stream has abundant natural resources, and this area is planned as natural and future section. The middle of the stream lies on very hot market place and became a cultural and modern section. The direction of restoration does not completely correspond to ecological restoration but Cheonggyecheon gains great popularity as urban park. Especially the upper areas are used for festival, exhibition, and routine trail for citizens.

<gallery caption="Illustration " widths="200px" heights="200px" perrow="4">
Image:1930.png|''1930s''
Image:JC.JPG|''Slummed Area before cover-up''
Image:Overpass.jpg|''Overpass from 1976 to 2003''
Image:Restorationplan.png|''Restoration Plan''
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case and take the following aspects into account:''
* ''natural dynamic versus cultural framework - in how far do these two forces come together in your case?''

Image of nature reflecting on the restoration of Cheonggyecheon shows that it is almost impossible to reproduce the nature already ruined. Although the rebirth of Cheonggyecheon means the change of paradigm about value of nature in society, it still remains in the object that people uses and enjoys. The nature is reinterpreteted without primitive function and dominated by cultural text as what is like in their imagination. Practically it is merely possible to recreate primitive stream in the center of highly concentrated urban area. About 50% of Koreans live in metropolitan area, inside of and nearby in Seoul, and 20% of Koreans live in Seoul. The areas that Cheonggyecheon laid on is the most highly developed areas. It is merely founded unpaved ground except palaces and mountains. The percentage of impervious areas in Cheonggyecheon reaches 71.5%, the highest among all over Korea(2013, Ministry of Environment). This means that it is very hard to have quantity of natural flow in the stream, which is supposed to be in native condition. The high-rise buildings are standing along Cheonggyecheon and the mid-stream areas are very crowded market area. In the process of the indemnification for land has born acute social issues. After covered up in 1930s, the areas over the stream had been specialized commercial complex for industrial tools and gears. The Restoration of the stream forced it out of Seoul and many small businesses lost their livelihood. Cheonggyecheon was rebuilt between limits of reality, in which living nature could hardly survive. The result is destinated costly operation and maintenance caused by pumping water up, released fishes confronted by death, and ecosystem interfered by people who want to enjoy new Disneyland.

According to recent research about the ecological datum in Cheonggyecheon and Han River, the upper areas are close to urban entertainment facility and the downstream areas fulfill the conditions to be a natural stream. The upper area has very neat scenery with big limestone but it does not fit on condition for the natural stream and it functions as urban waterfront. The sediments are deposited along the stream and results the better surroundings for native creatures. Furthermore the downstream has pretty much larger flood plain and the spot connecting to Han River, Eco-reserve areas. Thorough the full range of the stream, there is no regard for bird habits and benthic macro-invertebrate. Culturally the upper stream is surrounded by CBD and huge market area and the downstream passes by residential areas. For this reason, the upper stream was planned to be historical and traditional place, even though the results does not seem like that. The upper stream is used for open place for citizens rather than for animals and plants and hundreds festivals and ceremonies are held yearly.

The restoration was projected to develop green network in Seoul, which connect the mountains in south and north including the palaces nearby and complete the circular corridors to Han River. It is devoted obviously to ecological richness but is barely said to accomplish green network. In spite of controversial situation, Cheonggyecheon contributes greatly to lower the temperature of CBD area in Seoul, averagely 3.6℃ cooler than other areas in Seoul, and provides a green place that citizens are relaxing and enjoying.

* ''dynamic through the year (you may imagine how the site looks in spring and summer, maybe you also remember it)''

The upper stream closed to my living place always stays in the same image in my memory through the year because it looks like big fish-ball. There are big exhibition like lantern festival in winter time and children having fun in the water in summer. You could see people chatting with their colleagues in daytime and taking a walk along the stream at night on the way from their work. The critical reason that the stream could retain its neat outlook is cleaning service by city government. The stream was maintained like government building through sweeping and rubbing.

* ''highlight potentials and problems''

CCheonggyecheon has little quatity of flow because it is originally a dry stream and the large of the basin is impervious. In a result, it artificially pumps water up from Han River and underground. The drawing process costs averagely 600,000EUR per year. Furthermore this operation causes water-bloom. The cost for maintenance was 6,000,000EUR in 2011 and has increased continuously. On the other hand, impermeable covered-up pavement in CBD nearby Cheonggyecheon intensifys over-flood in summer monsoon. Followed by climate change, the amount of rainfall in summer monsoon increases dramatically and features pouring a large amount of rainfall in a short period of time. Additionally huge size of square was built nearby with waterproof material and is sunken in the rain . This situation drives disputes about natural function of the stream as a discharger.

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="200px" heights="200px" perrow="4">
Image:Biotopes.png|Connecting Biontopes in Seoul
Image:Upperarea.png|The Upper areas of stream
Image:Toward_the_mouth.png|Toward the mouth
Image:Fourseasons.png|Four Seasons
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
* ''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) for your case and take the following aspects into account:''
** ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''

It is surprised that the downstream of the stream achieve desirable condition and worried about the interference by human being. To preserve stable ecosystem, limit access area should be set up partially. In case of the upper stream, well managed garden hazards variety of species so changing a planting plan is advisable. To enlarge unpaved areas and planted areas would be helpful to improve the situation. However, it will be needed more land for flood plain in long term. Overall, the downstream should keep its condition well and the upper stream should be like the downstream.

Seoul metropolitan government releases their plan to re-restoration of Cheonggyecheon yesterday (29 Nov. 2013). The core issue of the plan is to dismantle straightened water way, and to make a meandering. Furthermore the plan includes reconstruction of historical monument carried away and alternative water resource flowing on the stream. The plan is going to be confirmed next year and go on until 2050. Considering climate change, this plan should deal with deep underground reservoir or rain garden to evacuate heavy rainfall in short time and release it gradually in case of need.

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Overflow_concept.png|Overflow in summer
Image:Rain_garden_concept.png|Rain Garden
Image:Underground.jpg|Underground Reservoir
Image:Roof_reservoir.png|Rooftop Reservoir in public school
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
''Please summarize your case and give arguments for your projective design (approx 150 words).''

In long term strategy, even thought the restoration of Cheonggyecheon was partially failed, it is big foot print as the first step forward. The story of restoration was a heritage of high-speed development era but left a great potential to evolve that matches paradigm changes. In the circumstance of tangled interest, oppressive and dogmatic development was inevitable at that time. However, climate changes enhance a necessity of urban discharger and a consideration of sustainable development draws the plan for re-restoration. Acquiring proper quantity of flow from natural resource roots the issue of impermeable space and loss of small stream in urban area. Technical resolution like urban garden and deep underground reservoir would be dealt with to relieve this issue. Furthermore, the roads along Cheonggyecheon should be transferred to flood plain. The positive effects resulted by Cheonggyecheon, relief on heat island, ecological contribution, and even its entertainment job, would support further steps forward.

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Cross_Sectional_drawing.png|Standard Cross Sectional Drawing
Image:Standard_planting_plan.png|Planting Plan
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|image 4
</gallery>

== References ==

'''''* Discovery Documentary about the Cheonggyecheon Stream''
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_zSFZ2dGl4g'''

''* ''Seoul Metropolitan Government(2006), The Restoration of Cheonggyecheon White Paper''

''* ''Seoul Metropolitan Government(2012), The Han-River Ecology Report''

''* Seoul Metropolitan Government Press Release''

''* http://terms.naver.com/''

''* http://www.doopedia.co.kr/''

----
[[Category:Planting Design 2013 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Planting Design 2013 Working Group 6 - Case Study A

2013-12-01T04:11:33Z

Hyeyoon Choi: /* References */

---> back to group page [[Planting_Design_2013_-_Working_Group_6|working group 6]]

'''''Cheonggyecheon: Image of Nature in the Metropolis'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Cheonggyecheon''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Seoul''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Korea, Republic of''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''add author''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Korea-Seoul-Cheonggyecheon-2008-01.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|<googlemap version="0.9" lat="37.569464" lon="127.001975" type="satellite" zoom="13" width="300" height="250" selector="no" controls="small">
</googlemap>
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

''There was historical restoration of a small stream, Cheonggyecheon, in the center of Seoul in 2003. Right now, Cheonggyecheon is very famous landmark in Seoul and citizens and tourists love this place. However it looks more like “Disneyland-fication” than natural stream restoration. Environmental activist criticize the output of restoration because it is far from natural stream and costs a lot for maintenance. Cheonggyecheon is still controversial issue. The appearance of restored Cheonggyecheon is ideal but not practical. I have never been living out of City, and actually I have spent the most of my life time in Seoul, huge metropolis. As a result, I am not sure how to implant Image of Nature in the City Area, where a prototype of nature can merely survive. Studying the restoration project of Cheonggyecheon, I want to look for the answer of it.

== Author's perspective ==
''From which professional background/perspective are your documenting this case?''

I was born in developing country and live in developed country. Based on my experience in high speed urbanization, I try to light on the image of urban stream. As a civil and environmental engineer, it is impossible to overlook the natural function of the stream to study restoration project.

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==
*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''

Cheonggyecheon is natural ephemeral stream across the city of Seoul, which has been the capital of Korea since 1392, and functions as discharger of heavy rainfall in summer monsoon. It has been dredged for the sake of preventing flood for more than 600 years and its name, Cheonggyecheon, is also originated from the meaning of “dredge a stream”. In 1770s, the stream was straightened in the process of dredging. After Korean War, the poor people settled nearby the stream and it had been slummed through the age of industrial revolution. The stream was extremely polluted by chemicals and sewage. The stream had been covered up since 1930s and the overpass was constructed over the stream in 1970. In 2000s, according to deterioration and safety problem of the overpass, the government of Seoul city decided to restoration of Cheonggyecheon and the construction was fulfilled in 2005 followed by 26 months of rushing construction. 270Million Euro had been spent to restore 5.8km long stream. The running waters are leaded from groundwater fountain in subway and the Intake station in Han River because there is naturally no running water on the stream except monsoon season.

The restoration of Cheonggyecheon was planned to connect biotopes in Seoul. The CBD, Cheonggyecheon cuts through, is surrounded by Mountains and palaces functioning core patch of ecosystem and the end of Cheonggyecheon flows into Han River. The restored stream is vertically consisted of wetland, flood plain, revetment, and the terrace land and the large range of plant from submerged plants to roadside trees was planted on each site. 288 species of animals and 366 species of plants inhabit along the stream.(2012, 7th Han River Ecology Report). The upper region has a simplified water bed and the velocity of fluid is quite high. The plants bed is well manicured but the lack of diversity is remarkable. The feature of inhabitants becomes more natural toward the mouth of the stream and at the mouth of the stream is only area where amphibian and reptile live.

The starting point of Cheonggyecheon is sited on historical center of the Seoul, inside of the old castle. The upper stream is mixed zone with the historical palaces and high-rise buildings so it is conceptualized as historical and tradition section. The stream flows into the Han River and the mouth of the stream has abundant natural resources, and this area is planned as natural and future section. The middle of the stream lies on very hot market place and became a cultural and modern section. The direction of restoration does not completely correspond to ecological restoration but Cheonggyecheon gains great popularity as urban park. Especially the upper areas are used for festival, exhibition, and routine trail for citizens.

<gallery caption="Illustration " widths="200px" heights="200px" perrow="4">
Image:1930.png|''1930s''
Image:JC.JPG|''Slummed Area before cover-up''
Image:Overpass.jpg|''Overpass from 1976 to 2003''
Image:Restorationplan.png|''Restoration Plan''
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case and take the following aspects into account:''
* ''natural dynamic versus cultural framework - in how far do these two forces come together in your case?''

Image of nature reflecting on the restoration of Cheonggyecheon shows that it is almost impossible to reproduce the nature already ruined. Although the rebirth of Cheonggyecheon means the change of paradigm about value of nature in society, it still remains in the object that people uses and enjoys. The nature is reinterpreteted without primitive function and dominated by cultural text as what is like in their imagination. Practically it is merely possible to recreate primitive stream in the center of highly concentrated urban area. About 50% of Koreans live in metropolitan area, inside of and nearby in Seoul, and 20% of Koreans live in Seoul. The areas that Cheonggyecheon laid on is the most highly developed areas. It is merely founded unpaved ground except palaces and mountains. The percentage of impervious areas in Cheonggyecheon reaches 71.5%, the highest among all over Korea(2013, Ministry of Environment). This means that it is very hard to have quantity of natural flow in the stream, which is supposed to be in native condition. The high-rise buildings are standing along Cheonggyecheon and the mid-stream areas are very crowded market area. In the process of the indemnification for land has born acute social issues. After covered up in 1930s, the areas over the stream had been specialized commercial complex for industrial tools and gears. The Restoration of the stream forced it out of Seoul and many small businesses lost their livelihood. Cheonggyecheon was rebuilt between limits of reality, in which living nature could hardly survive. The result is destinated costly operation and maintenance caused by pumping water up, released fishes confronted by death, and ecosystem interfered by people who want to enjoy new Disneyland.

According to recent research about the ecological datum in Cheonggyecheon and Han River, the upper areas are close to urban entertainment facility and the downstream areas fulfill the conditions to be a natural stream. The upper area has very neat scenery with big limestone but it does not fit on condition for the natural stream and it functions as urban waterfront. The sediments are deposited along the stream and results the better surroundings for native creatures. Furthermore the downstream has pretty much larger flood plain and the spot connecting to Han River, Eco-reserve areas. Thorough the full range of the stream, there is no regard for bird habits and benthic macro-invertebrate. Culturally the upper stream is surrounded by CBD and huge market area and the downstream passes by residential areas. For this reason, the upper stream was planned to be historical and traditional place, even though the results does not seem like that. The upper stream is used for open place for citizens rather than for animals and plants and hundreds festivals and ceremonies are held yearly.

The restoration was projected to develop green network in Seoul, which connect the mountains in south and north including the palaces nearby and complete the circular corridors to Han River. It is devoted obviously to ecological richness but is barely said to accomplish green network. In spite of controversial situation, Cheonggyecheon contributes greatly to lower the temperature of CBD area in Seoul, averagely 3.6℃ cooler than other areas in Seoul, and provides a green place that citizens are relaxing and enjoying.

* ''dynamic through the year (you may imagine how the site looks in spring and summer, maybe you also remember it)''

The upper stream closed to my living place always stays in the same image in my memory through the year because it looks like big fish-ball. There are big exhibition like lantern festival in winter time and children having fun in the water in summer. You could see people chatting with their colleagues in daytime and taking a walk along the stream at night on the way from their work. The critical reason that the stream could retain its neat outlook is cleaning service by city government. The stream was maintained like government building through sweeping and rubbing.

* ''highlight potentials and problems''

CCheonggyecheon has little quatity of flow because it is originally a dry stream and the large of the basin is impervious. In a result, it artificially pumps water up from Han River and underground. The drawing process costs averagely 600,000EUR per year. Furthermore this operation causes water-bloom. The cost for maintenance was 6,000,000EUR in 2011 and has increased continuously. On the other hand, impermeable covered-up pavement in CBD nearby Cheonggyecheon intensifys over-flood in summer monsoon. Followed by climate change, the amount of rainfall in summer monsoon increases dramatically and features pouring a large amount of rainfall in a short period of time. Additionally huge size of square was built nearby with waterproof material and is sunken in the rain . This situation drives disputes about natural function of the stream as a discharger.

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="200px" heights="200px" perrow="4">
Image:Biotopes.png|Connecting Biontopes in Seoul
Image:Upperarea.png|The Upper areas of stream
Image:Toward_the_mouth.png|Toward the mouth
Image:Fourseasons.png|Four Seasons
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
* ''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) for your case and take the following aspects into account:''
** ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''

It is surprised that the downstream of the stream achieve desirable condition and worried about the interference by human being. To preserve stable ecosystem, limit access area should be set up partially. In case of the upper stream, well managed garden hazards variety of species so changing a planting plan is advisable. To enlarge unpaved areas and planted areas would be helpful to improve the situation. However, it will be needed more land for flood plain in long term. Overall, the downstream should keep its condition well and the upper stream should be like the downstream.

Seoul metropolitan government releases their plan to re-restoration of Cheonggyecheon yesterday (29 Nov. 2013). The core issue of the plan is to dismantle straightened water way, and to make a meandering. Furthermore the plan includes reconstruction of historical monument carried away and alternative water resource flowing on the stream. The plan is going to be confirmed next year and go on until 2050. Considering climate change, this plan should deal with deep underground reservoir or rain garden to evacuate heavy rainfall in short time and release it gradually in case of need.

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Overflow_concept.png|Overflow in summer
Image:Rain_garden_concept.png|Rain Garden
Image:Underground.jpg|Underground Reservoir
Image:Roof_reservoir.png|Rooftop Reservoir in public school
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
''Please summarize your case and give arguments for your projective design (approx 150 words).''

In long term strategy, even thought the restoration of Cheonggyecheon was partially failed, it is big foot print as the first step forward. The story of restoration was a heritage of high-speed development era but left a great potential to evolve that matches paradigm changes. In the circumstance of tangled interest, oppressive and dogmatic development was inevitable at that time. However, climate changes enhance a necessity of urban discharger and a consideration of sustainable development draws the plan for re-restoration. Acquiring proper quantity of flow from natural resource roots the issue of impermeable space and loss of small stream in urban area. Technical resolution like urban garden and deep underground reservoir would be dealt with to relieve this issue. Furthermore, the roads along Cheonggyecheon should be transferred to flood plain. The positive effects resulted by Cheonggyecheon, relief on heat island, ecological contribution, and even its entertainment job, would support further steps forward.

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Cross_Sectional_drawing.png|Standard Cross Sectional Drawing
Image:Standard_planting_plan.png|Planting Plan
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|image 4
</gallery>

== References ==
''* ''Seoul Metropolitan Government(2006), The Restoration of Cheonggyecheon White Paper''

''* ''Seoul Metropolitan Government(2012), The Han-River Ecology Report''

''* Seoul Metropolitan Government Press Release''

''* http://terms.naver.com/''

''* http://www.doopedia.co.kr/''

''* Discovery Documentary''
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_zSFZ2dGl4g

----
[[Category:Planting Design 2013 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Planting Design 2013 Working Group 6 - Case Study A

2013-12-01T04:01:02Z

Hyeyoon Choi: /* Projective drawings */

---> back to group page [[Planting_Design_2013_-_Working_Group_6|working group 6]]

'''''Cheonggyecheon: Image of Nature in the Metropolis'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Cheonggyecheon''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Seoul''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Korea, Republic of''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''add author''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Korea-Seoul-Cheonggyecheon-2008-01.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|<googlemap version="0.9" lat="37.569464" lon="127.001975" type="satellite" zoom="13" width="300" height="250" selector="no" controls="small">
</googlemap>
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

''There was historical restoration of a small stream, Cheonggyecheon, in the center of Seoul in 2003. Right now, Cheonggyecheon is very famous landmark in Seoul and citizens and tourists love this place. However it looks more like “Disneyland-fication” than natural stream restoration. Environmental activist criticize the output of restoration because it is far from natural stream and costs a lot for maintenance. Cheonggyecheon is still controversial issue. The appearance of restored Cheonggyecheon is ideal but not practical. I have never been living out of City, and actually I have spent the most of my life time in Seoul, huge metropolis. As a result, I am not sure how to implant Image of Nature in the City Area, where a prototype of nature can merely survive. Studying the restoration project of Cheonggyecheon, I want to look for the answer of it.

== Author's perspective ==
''From which professional background/perspective are your documenting this case?''

I was born in developing country and live in developed country. Based on my experience in high speed urbanization, I try to light on the image of urban stream. As a civil and environmental engineer, it is impossible to overlook the natural function of the stream to study restoration project.

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==
*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''

Cheonggyecheon is natural ephemeral stream across the city of Seoul, which has been the capital of Korea since 1392, and functions as discharger of heavy rainfall in summer monsoon. It has been dredged for the sake of preventing flood for more than 600 years and its name, Cheonggyecheon, is also originated from the meaning of “dredge a stream”. In 1770s, the stream was straightened in the process of dredging. After Korean War, the poor people settled nearby the stream and it had been slummed through the age of industrial revolution. The stream was extremely polluted by chemicals and sewage. The stream had been covered up since 1930s and the overpass was constructed over the stream in 1970. In 2000s, according to deterioration and safety problem of the overpass, the government of Seoul city decided to restoration of Cheonggyecheon and the construction was fulfilled in 2005 followed by 26 months of rushing construction. 270Million Euro had been spent to restore 5.8km long stream. The running waters are leaded from groundwater fountain in subway and the Intake station in Han River because there is naturally no running water on the stream except monsoon season.

The restoration of Cheonggyecheon was planned to connect biotopes in Seoul. The CBD, Cheonggyecheon cuts through, is surrounded by Mountains and palaces functioning core patch of ecosystem and the end of Cheonggyecheon flows into Han River. The restored stream is vertically consisted of wetland, flood plain, revetment, and the terrace land and the large range of plant from submerged plants to roadside trees was planted on each site. 288 species of animals and 366 species of plants inhabit along the stream.(2012, 7th Han River Ecology Report). The upper region has a simplified water bed and the velocity of fluid is quite high. The plants bed is well manicured but the lack of diversity is remarkable. The feature of inhabitants becomes more natural toward the mouth of the stream and at the mouth of the stream is only area where amphibian and reptile live.

The starting point of Cheonggyecheon is sited on historical center of the Seoul, inside of the old castle. The upper stream is mixed zone with the historical palaces and high-rise buildings so it is conceptualized as historical and tradition section. The stream flows into the Han River and the mouth of the stream has abundant natural resources, and this area is planned as natural and future section. The middle of the stream lies on very hot market place and became a cultural and modern section. The direction of restoration does not completely correspond to ecological restoration but Cheonggyecheon gains great popularity as urban park. Especially the upper areas are used for festival, exhibition, and routine trail for citizens.

<gallery caption="Illustration " widths="200px" heights="200px" perrow="4">
Image:1930.png|''1930s''
Image:JC.JPG|''Slummed Area before cover-up''
Image:Overpass.jpg|''Overpass from 1976 to 2003''
Image:Restorationplan.png|''Restoration Plan''
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case and take the following aspects into account:''
* ''natural dynamic versus cultural framework - in how far do these two forces come together in your case?''

Image of nature reflecting on the restoration of Cheonggyecheon shows that it is almost impossible to reproduce the nature already ruined. Although the rebirth of Cheonggyecheon means the change of paradigm about value of nature in society, it still remains in the object that people uses and enjoys. The nature is reinterpreteted without primitive function and dominated by cultural text as what is like in their imagination. Practically it is merely possible to recreate primitive stream in the center of highly concentrated urban area. About 50% of Koreans live in metropolitan area, inside of and nearby in Seoul, and 20% of Koreans live in Seoul. The areas that Cheonggyecheon laid on is the most highly developed areas. It is merely founded unpaved ground except palaces and mountains. The percentage of impervious areas in Cheonggyecheon reaches 71.5%, the highest among all over Korea(2013, Ministry of Environment). This means that it is very hard to have quantity of natural flow in the stream, which is supposed to be in native condition. The high-rise buildings are standing along Cheonggyecheon and the mid-stream areas are very crowded market area. In the process of the indemnification for land has born acute social issues. After covered up in 1930s, the areas over the stream had been specialized commercial complex for industrial tools and gears. The Restoration of the stream forced it out of Seoul and many small businesses lost their livelihood. Cheonggyecheon was rebuilt between limits of reality, in which living nature could hardly survive. The result is destinated costly operation and maintenance caused by pumping water up, released fishes confronted by death, and ecosystem interfered by people who want to enjoy new Disneyland.

According to recent research about the ecological datum in Cheonggyecheon and Han River, the upper areas are close to urban entertainment facility and the downstream areas fulfill the conditions to be a natural stream. The upper area has very neat scenery with big limestone but it does not fit on condition for the natural stream and it functions as urban waterfront. The sediments are deposited along the stream and results the better surroundings for native creatures. Furthermore the downstream has pretty much larger flood plain and the spot connecting to Han River, Eco-reserve areas. Thorough the full range of the stream, there is no regard for bird habits and benthic macro-invertebrate. Culturally the upper stream is surrounded by CBD and huge market area and the downstream passes by residential areas. For this reason, the upper stream was planned to be historical and traditional place, even though the results does not seem like that. The upper stream is used for open place for citizens rather than for animals and plants and hundreds festivals and ceremonies are held yearly.

The restoration was projected to develop green network in Seoul, which connect the mountains in south and north including the palaces nearby and complete the circular corridors to Han River. It is devoted obviously to ecological richness but is barely said to accomplish green network. In spite of controversial situation, Cheonggyecheon contributes greatly to lower the temperature of CBD area in Seoul, averagely 3.6℃ cooler than other areas in Seoul, and provides a green place that citizens are relaxing and enjoying.

* ''dynamic through the year (you may imagine how the site looks in spring and summer, maybe you also remember it)''

The upper stream closed to my living place always stays in the same image in my memory through the year because it looks like big fish-ball. There are big exhibition like lantern festival in winter time and children having fun in the water in summer. You could see people chatting with their colleagues in daytime and taking a walk along the stream at night on the way from their work. The critical reason that the stream could retain its neat outlook is cleaning service by city government. The stream was maintained like government building through sweeping and rubbing.

* ''highlight potentials and problems''

CCheonggyecheon has little quatity of flow because it is originally a dry stream and the large of the basin is impervious. In a result, it artificially pumps water up from Han River and underground. The drawing process costs averagely 600,000EUR per year. Furthermore this operation causes water-bloom. The cost for maintenance was 6,000,000EUR in 2011 and has increased continuously. On the other hand, impermeable covered-up pavement in CBD nearby Cheonggyecheon intensifys over-flood in summer monsoon. Followed by climate change, the amount of rainfall in summer monsoon increases dramatically and features pouring a large amount of rainfall in a short period of time. Additionally huge size of square was built nearby with waterproof material and is sunken in the rain . This situation drives disputes about natural function of the stream as a discharger.

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="200px" heights="200px" perrow="4">
Image:Biotopes.png|Connecting Biontopes in Seoul
Image:Upperarea.png|The Upper areas of stream
Image:Toward_the_mouth.png|Toward the mouth
Image:Fourseasons.png|Four Seasons
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
* ''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) for your case and take the following aspects into account:''
** ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''

It is surprised that the downstream of the stream achieve desirable condition and worried about the interference by human being. To preserve stable ecosystem, limit access area should be set up partially. In case of the upper stream, well managed garden hazards variety of species so changing a planting plan is advisable. To enlarge unpaved areas and planted areas would be helpful to improve the situation. However, it will be needed more land for flood plain in long term. Overall, the downstream should keep its condition well and the upper stream should be like the downstream.

Seoul metropolitan government releases their plan to re-restoration of Cheonggyecheon yesterday (29 Nov. 2013). The core issue of the plan is to dismantle straightened water way, and to make a meandering. Furthermore the plan includes reconstruction of historical monument carried away and alternative water resource flowing on the stream. The plan is going to be confirmed next year and go on until 2050. Considering climate change, this plan should deal with deep underground reservoir or rain garden to evacuate heavy rainfall in short time and release it gradually in case of need.

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Overflow_concept.png|Overflow in summer
Image:Rain_garden_concept.png|Rain Garden
Image:Underground.jpg|Underground Reservoir
Image:Roof_reservoir.png|Rooftop Reservoir in public school
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
''Please summarize your case and give arguments for your projective design (approx 150 words).''

In long term strategy, even thought the restoration of Cheonggyecheon was partially failed, it is big foot print as the first step forward. The story of restoration was a heritage of high-speed development era but left a great potential to evolve that matches paradigm changes. In the circumstance of tangled interest, oppressive and dogmatic development was inevitable at that time. However, climate changes enhance a necessity of urban discharger and a consideration of sustainable development draws the plan for re-restoration. Acquiring proper quantity of flow from natural resource roots the issue of impermeable space and loss of small stream in urban area. Technical resolution like urban garden and deep underground reservoir would be dealt with to relieve this issue. Furthermore, the roads along Cheonggyecheon should be transferred to flood plain. The positive effects resulted by Cheonggyecheon, relief on heat island, ecological contribution, and even its entertainment job, would support further steps forward.

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Cross_Sectional_drawing.png|Standard Cross Sectional Drawing
Image:Standard_planting_plan.png|Planting Plan
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|image 4
</gallery>

== References ==
''* ''Seoul Metropolitan Government(2006), The Restoration of Cheonggyecheon White Paper''

''* ''Seoul Metropolitan Government(2012), The Han-River Ecology Report''

''* Please add internet links to other resources if necessary.''

----
[[Category:Planting Design 2013 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

File:Roof reservoir.png

2013-12-01T03:58:42Z

Hyeyoon Choi:

File:Underground.jpg

2013-12-01T03:58:11Z

Hyeyoon Choi:

Planting Design 2013 Working Group 6 - Case Study A

2013-12-01T03:49:29Z

Hyeyoon Choi: /* Summary and conclusion */

---> back to group page [[Planting_Design_2013_-_Working_Group_6|working group 6]]

'''''Cheonggyecheon: Image of Nature in the Metropolis'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Cheonggyecheon''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Seoul''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Korea, Republic of''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''add author''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Korea-Seoul-Cheonggyecheon-2008-01.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|<googlemap version="0.9" lat="37.569464" lon="127.001975" type="satellite" zoom="13" width="300" height="250" selector="no" controls="small">
</googlemap>
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

''There was historical restoration of a small stream, Cheonggyecheon, in the center of Seoul in 2003. Right now, Cheonggyecheon is very famous landmark in Seoul and citizens and tourists love this place. However it looks more like “Disneyland-fication” than natural stream restoration. Environmental activist criticize the output of restoration because it is far from natural stream and costs a lot for maintenance. Cheonggyecheon is still controversial issue. The appearance of restored Cheonggyecheon is ideal but not practical. I have never been living out of City, and actually I have spent the most of my life time in Seoul, huge metropolis. As a result, I am not sure how to implant Image of Nature in the City Area, where a prototype of nature can merely survive. Studying the restoration project of Cheonggyecheon, I want to look for the answer of it.

== Author's perspective ==
''From which professional background/perspective are your documenting this case?''

I was born in developing country and live in developed country. Based on my experience in high speed urbanization, I try to light on the image of urban stream. As a civil and environmental engineer, it is impossible to overlook the natural function of the stream to study restoration project.

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==
*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''

Cheonggyecheon is natural ephemeral stream across the city of Seoul, which has been the capital of Korea since 1392, and functions as discharger of heavy rainfall in summer monsoon. It has been dredged for the sake of preventing flood for more than 600 years and its name, Cheonggyecheon, is also originated from the meaning of “dredge a stream”. In 1770s, the stream was straightened in the process of dredging. After Korean War, the poor people settled nearby the stream and it had been slummed through the age of industrial revolution. The stream was extremely polluted by chemicals and sewage. The stream had been covered up since 1930s and the overpass was constructed over the stream in 1970. In 2000s, according to deterioration and safety problem of the overpass, the government of Seoul city decided to restoration of Cheonggyecheon and the construction was fulfilled in 2005 followed by 26 months of rushing construction. 270Million Euro had been spent to restore 5.8km long stream. The running waters are leaded from groundwater fountain in subway and the Intake station in Han River because there is naturally no running water on the stream except monsoon season.

The restoration of Cheonggyecheon was planned to connect biotopes in Seoul. The CBD, Cheonggyecheon cuts through, is surrounded by Mountains and palaces functioning core patch of ecosystem and the end of Cheonggyecheon flows into Han River. The restored stream is vertically consisted of wetland, flood plain, revetment, and the terrace land and the large range of plant from submerged plants to roadside trees was planted on each site. 288 species of animals and 366 species of plants inhabit along the stream.(2012, 7th Han River Ecology Report). The upper region has a simplified water bed and the velocity of fluid is quite high. The plants bed is well manicured but the lack of diversity is remarkable. The feature of inhabitants becomes more natural toward the mouth of the stream and at the mouth of the stream is only area where amphibian and reptile live.

The starting point of Cheonggyecheon is sited on historical center of the Seoul, inside of the old castle. The upper stream is mixed zone with the historical palaces and high-rise buildings so it is conceptualized as historical and tradition section. The stream flows into the Han River and the mouth of the stream has abundant natural resources, and this area is planned as natural and future section. The middle of the stream lies on very hot market place and became a cultural and modern section. The direction of restoration does not completely correspond to ecological restoration but Cheonggyecheon gains great popularity as urban park. Especially the upper areas are used for festival, exhibition, and routine trail for citizens.

<gallery caption="Illustration " widths="200px" heights="200px" perrow="4">
Image:1930.png|''1930s''
Image:JC.JPG|''Slummed Area before cover-up''
Image:Overpass.jpg|''Overpass from 1976 to 2003''
Image:Restorationplan.png|''Restoration Plan''
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case and take the following aspects into account:''
* ''natural dynamic versus cultural framework - in how far do these two forces come together in your case?''

Image of nature reflecting on the restoration of Cheonggyecheon shows that it is almost impossible to reproduce the nature already ruined. Although the rebirth of Cheonggyecheon means the change of paradigm about value of nature in society, it still remains in the object that people uses and enjoys. The nature is reinterpreteted without primitive function and dominated by cultural text as what is like in their imagination. Practically it is merely possible to recreate primitive stream in the center of highly concentrated urban area. About 50% of Koreans live in metropolitan area, inside of and nearby in Seoul, and 20% of Koreans live in Seoul. The areas that Cheonggyecheon laid on is the most highly developed areas. It is merely founded unpaved ground except palaces and mountains. The percentage of impervious areas in Cheonggyecheon reaches 71.5%, the highest among all over Korea(2013, Ministry of Environment). This means that it is very hard to have quantity of natural flow in the stream, which is supposed to be in native condition. The high-rise buildings are standing along Cheonggyecheon and the mid-stream areas are very crowded market area. In the process of the indemnification for land has born acute social issues. After covered up in 1930s, the areas over the stream had been specialized commercial complex for industrial tools and gears. The Restoration of the stream forced it out of Seoul and many small businesses lost their livelihood. Cheonggyecheon was rebuilt between limits of reality, in which living nature could hardly survive. The result is destinated costly operation and maintenance caused by pumping water up, released fishes confronted by death, and ecosystem interfered by people who want to enjoy new Disneyland.

According to recent research about the ecological datum in Cheonggyecheon and Han River, the upper areas are close to urban entertainment facility and the downstream areas fulfill the conditions to be a natural stream. The upper area has very neat scenery with big limestone but it does not fit on condition for the natural stream and it functions as urban waterfront. The sediments are deposited along the stream and results the better surroundings for native creatures. Furthermore the downstream has pretty much larger flood plain and the spot connecting to Han River, Eco-reserve areas. Thorough the full range of the stream, there is no regard for bird habits and benthic macro-invertebrate. Culturally the upper stream is surrounded by CBD and huge market area and the downstream passes by residential areas. For this reason, the upper stream was planned to be historical and traditional place, even though the results does not seem like that. The upper stream is used for open place for citizens rather than for animals and plants and hundreds festivals and ceremonies are held yearly.

The restoration was projected to develop green network in Seoul, which connect the mountains in south and north including the palaces nearby and complete the circular corridors to Han River. It is devoted obviously to ecological richness but is barely said to accomplish green network. In spite of controversial situation, Cheonggyecheon contributes greatly to lower the temperature of CBD area in Seoul, averagely 3.6℃ cooler than other areas in Seoul, and provides a green place that citizens are relaxing and enjoying.

* ''dynamic through the year (you may imagine how the site looks in spring and summer, maybe you also remember it)''

The upper stream closed to my living place always stays in the same image in my memory through the year because it looks like big fish-ball. There are big exhibition like lantern festival in winter time and children having fun in the water in summer. You could see people chatting with their colleagues in daytime and taking a walk along the stream at night on the way from their work. The critical reason that the stream could retain its neat outlook is cleaning service by city government. The stream was maintained like government building through sweeping and rubbing.

* ''highlight potentials and problems''

CCheonggyecheon has little quatity of flow because it is originally a dry stream and the large of the basin is impervious. In a result, it artificially pumps water up from Han River and underground. The drawing process costs averagely 600,000EUR per year. Furthermore this operation causes water-bloom. The cost for maintenance was 6,000,000EUR in 2011 and has increased continuously. On the other hand, impermeable covered-up pavement in CBD nearby Cheonggyecheon intensifys over-flood in summer monsoon. Followed by climate change, the amount of rainfall in summer monsoon increases dramatically and features pouring a large amount of rainfall in a short period of time. Additionally huge size of square was built nearby with waterproof material and is sunken in the rain . This situation drives disputes about natural function of the stream as a discharger.

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="200px" heights="200px" perrow="4">
Image:Biotopes.png|Connecting Biontopes in Seoul
Image:Upperarea.png|The Upper areas of stream
Image:Toward_the_mouth.png|Toward the mouth
Image:Fourseasons.png|Four Seasons
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
* ''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) for your case and take the following aspects into account:''
** ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''

It is surprised that the downstream of the stream achieve desirable condition and worried about the interference by human being. To preserve stable ecosystem, limit access area should be set up partially. In case of the upper stream, well managed garden hazards variety of species so changing a planting plan is advisable. To enlarge unpaved areas and planted areas would be helpful to improve the situation. However, it will be needed more land for flood plain in long term. Overall, the downstream should keep its condition well and the upper stream should be like the downstream.

Seoul metropolitan government releases their plan to re-restoration of Cheonggyecheon yesterday (29 Nov. 2013). The core issue of the plan is to dismantle straightened water way, and to make a meandering. Furthermore the plan includes reconstruction of historical monument carried away and alternative water resource flowing on the stream. The plan is going to be confirmed next year and go on until 2050. Considering climate change, this plan should deal with deep underground reservoir or rain garden to evacuate heavy rainfall in short time and release it gradually in case of need.

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Overflow_concept.png|Overflow in summer
Image:Rain_garden_concept.png|Rain Garden
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|projective drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|projective drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
''Please summarize your case and give arguments for your projective design (approx 150 words).''

In long term strategy, even thought the restoration of Cheonggyecheon was partially failed, it is big foot print as the first step forward. The story of restoration was a heritage of high-speed development era but left a great potential to evolve that matches paradigm changes. In the circumstance of tangled interest, oppressive and dogmatic development was inevitable at that time. However, climate changes enhance a necessity of urban discharger and a consideration of sustainable development draws the plan for re-restoration. Acquiring proper quantity of flow from natural resource roots the issue of impermeable space and loss of small stream in urban area. Technical resolution like urban garden and deep underground reservoir would be dealt with to relieve this issue. Furthermore, the roads along Cheonggyecheon should be transferred to flood plain. The positive effects resulted by Cheonggyecheon, relief on heat island, ecological contribution, and even its entertainment job, would support further steps forward.

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Cross_Sectional_drawing.png|Standard Cross Sectional Drawing
Image:Standard_planting_plan.png|Planting Plan
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|image 4
</gallery>

== References ==
''* ''Seoul Metropolitan Government(2006), The Restoration of Cheonggyecheon White Paper''

''* ''Seoul Metropolitan Government(2012), The Han-River Ecology Report''

''* Please add internet links to other resources if necessary.''

----
[[Category:Planting Design 2013 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Planting Design 2013 Working Group 6 - Case Study A

2013-11-30T08:32:06Z

Hyeyoon Choi: /* Projective drawings */

---> back to group page [[Planting_Design_2013_-_Working_Group_6|working group 6]]

'''''Cheonggyecheon: Image of Nature in the Metropolis'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Cheonggyecheon''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Seoul''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Korea, Republic of''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''add author''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Korea-Seoul-Cheonggyecheon-2008-01.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|<googlemap version="0.9" lat="37.569464" lon="127.001975" type="satellite" zoom="13" width="300" height="250" selector="no" controls="small">
</googlemap>
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

''There was historical restoration of a small stream, Cheonggyecheon, in the center of Seoul in 2003. Right now, Cheonggyecheon is very famous landmark in Seoul and citizens and tourists love this place. However it looks more like “Disneyland-fication” than natural stream restoration. Environmental activist criticize the output of restoration because it is far from natural stream and costs a lot for maintenance. Cheonggyecheon is still controversial issue. The appearance of restored Cheonggyecheon is ideal but not practical. I have never been living out of City, and actually I have spent the most of my life time in Seoul, huge metropolis. As a result, I am not sure how to implant Image of Nature in the City Area, where a prototype of nature can merely survive. Studying the restoration project of Cheonggyecheon, I want to look for the answer of it.

== Author's perspective ==
''From which professional background/perspective are your documenting this case?''

I was born in developing country and live in developed country. Based on my experience in high speed urbanization, I try to light on the image of urban stream. As a civil and environmental engineer, it is impossible to overlook the natural function of the stream to study restoration project.

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==
*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''

Cheonggyecheon is natural ephemeral stream across the city of Seoul, which has been the capital of Korea since 1392, and functions as discharger of heavy rainfall in summer monsoon. It has been dredged for the sake of preventing flood for more than 600 years and its name, Cheonggyecheon, is also originated from the meaning of “dredge a stream”. In 1770s, the stream was straightened in the process of dredging. After Korean War, the poor people settled nearby the stream and it had been slummed through the age of industrial revolution. The stream was extremely polluted by chemicals and sewage. The stream had been covered up since 1930s and the overpass was constructed over the stream in 1970. In 2000s, according to deterioration and safety problem of the overpass, the government of Seoul city decided to restoration of Cheonggyecheon and the construction was fulfilled in 2005 followed by 26 months of rushing construction. 270Million Euro had been spent to restore 5.8km long stream. The running waters are leaded from groundwater fountain in subway and the Intake station in Han River because there is naturally no running water on the stream except monsoon season.

The restoration of Cheonggyecheon was planned to connect biotopes in Seoul. The CBD, Cheonggyecheon cuts through, is surrounded by Mountains and palaces functioning core patch of ecosystem and the end of Cheonggyecheon flows into Han River. The restored stream is vertically consisted of wetland, flood plain, revetment, and the terrace land and the large range of plant from submerged plants to roadside trees was planted on each site. 288 species of animals and 366 species of plants inhabit along the stream.(2012, 7th Han River Ecology Report). The upper region has a simplified water bed and the velocity of fluid is quite high. The plants bed is well manicured but the lack of diversity is remarkable. The feature of inhabitants becomes more natural toward the mouth of the stream and at the mouth of the stream is only area where amphibian and reptile live.

The starting point of Cheonggyecheon is sited on historical center of the Seoul, inside of the old castle. The upper stream is mixed zone with the historical palaces and high-rise buildings so it is conceptualized as historical and tradition section. The stream flows into the Han River and the mouth of the stream has abundant natural resources, and this area is planned as natural and future section. The middle of the stream lies on very hot market place and became a cultural and modern section. The direction of restoration does not completely correspond to ecological restoration but Cheonggyecheon gains great popularity as urban park. Especially the upper areas are used for festival, exhibition, and routine trail for citizens.

<gallery caption="Illustration " widths="200px" heights="200px" perrow="4">
Image:1930.png|''1930s''
Image:JC.JPG|''Slummed Area before cover-up''
Image:Overpass.jpg|''Overpass from 1976 to 2003''
Image:Restorationplan.png|''Restoration Plan''
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case and take the following aspects into account:''
* ''natural dynamic versus cultural framework - in how far do these two forces come together in your case?''

Image of nature reflecting on the restoration of Cheonggyecheon shows that it is almost impossible to reproduce the nature already ruined. Although the rebirth of Cheonggyecheon means the change of paradigm about value of nature in society, it still remains in the object that people uses and enjoys. The nature is reinterpreteted without primitive function and dominated by cultural text as what is like in their imagination. Practically it is merely possible to recreate primitive stream in the center of highly concentrated urban area. About 50% of Koreans live in metropolitan area, inside of and nearby in Seoul, and 20% of Koreans live in Seoul. The areas that Cheonggyecheon laid on is the most highly developed areas. It is merely founded unpaved ground except palaces and mountains. The percentage of impervious areas in Cheonggyecheon reaches 71.5%, the highest among all over Korea(2013, Ministry of Environment). This means that it is very hard to have quantity of natural flow in the stream, which is supposed to be in native condition. The high-rise buildings are standing along Cheonggyecheon and the mid-stream areas are very crowded market area. In the process of the indemnification for land has born acute social issues. After covered up in 1930s, the areas over the stream had been specialized commercial complex for industrial tools and gears. The Restoration of the stream forced it out of Seoul and many small businesses lost their livelihood. Cheonggyecheon was rebuilt between limits of reality, in which living nature could hardly survive. The result is destinated costly operation and maintenance caused by pumping water up, released fishes confronted by death, and ecosystem interfered by people who want to enjoy new Disneyland.

According to recent research about the ecological datum in Cheonggyecheon and Han River, the upper areas are close to urban entertainment facility and the downstream areas fulfill the conditions to be a natural stream. The upper area has very neat scenery with big limestone but it does not fit on condition for the natural stream and it functions as urban waterfront. The sediments are deposited along the stream and results the better surroundings for native creatures. Furthermore the downstream has pretty much larger flood plain and the spot connecting to Han River, Eco-reserve areas. Thorough the full range of the stream, there is no regard for bird habits and benthic macro-invertebrate. Culturally the upper stream is surrounded by CBD and huge market area and the downstream passes by residential areas. For this reason, the upper stream was planned to be historical and traditional place, even though the results does not seem like that. The upper stream is used for open place for citizens rather than for animals and plants and hundreds festivals and ceremonies are held yearly.

The restoration was projected to develop green network in Seoul, which connect the mountains in south and north including the palaces nearby and complete the circular corridors to Han River. It is devoted obviously to ecological richness but is barely said to accomplish green network. In spite of controversial situation, Cheonggyecheon contributes greatly to lower the temperature of CBD area in Seoul, averagely 3.6℃ cooler than other areas in Seoul, and provides a green place that citizens are relaxing and enjoying.

* ''dynamic through the year (you may imagine how the site looks in spring and summer, maybe you also remember it)''

The upper stream closed to my living place always stays in the same image in my memory through the year because it looks like big fish-ball. There are big exhibition like lantern festival in winter time and children having fun in the water in summer. You could see people chatting with their colleagues in daytime and taking a walk along the stream at night on the way from their work. The critical reason that the stream could retain its neat outlook is cleaning service by city government. The stream was maintained like government building through sweeping and rubbing.

* ''highlight potentials and problems''

CCheonggyecheon has little quatity of flow because it is originally a dry stream and the large of the basin is impervious. In a result, it artificially pumps water up from Han River and underground. The drawing process costs averagely 600,000EUR per year. Furthermore this operation causes water-bloom. The cost for maintenance was 6,000,000EUR in 2011 and has increased continuously. On the other hand, impermeable covered-up pavement in CBD nearby Cheonggyecheon intensifys over-flood in summer monsoon. Followed by climate change, the amount of rainfall in summer monsoon increases dramatically and features pouring a large amount of rainfall in a short period of time. Additionally huge size of square was built nearby with waterproof material and is sunken in the rain . This situation drives disputes about natural function of the stream as a discharger.

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="200px" heights="200px" perrow="4">
Image:Biotopes.png|Connecting Biontopes in Seoul
Image:Upperarea.png|The Upper areas of stream
Image:Toward_the_mouth.png|Toward the mouth
Image:Fourseasons.png|Four Seasons
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
* ''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) for your case and take the following aspects into account:''
** ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''

It is surprised that the downstream of the stream achieve desirable condition and worried about the interference by human being. To preserve stable ecosystem, limit access area should be set up partially. In case of the upper stream, well managed garden hazards variety of species so changing a planting plan is advisable. To enlarge unpaved areas and planted areas would be helpful to improve the situation. However, it will be needed more land for flood plain in long term. Overall, the downstream should keep its condition well and the upper stream should be like the downstream.

Seoul metropolitan government releases their plan to re-restoration of Cheonggyecheon yesterday (29 Nov. 2013). The core issue of the plan is to dismantle straightened water way, and to make a meandering. Furthermore the plan includes reconstruction of historical monument carried away and alternative water resource flowing on the stream. The plan is going to be confirmed next year and go on until 2050. Considering climate change, this plan should deal with deep underground reservoir or rain garden to evacuate heavy rainfall in short time and release it gradually in case of need.

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Overflow_concept.png|Overflow in summer
Image:Rain_garden_concept.png|Rain Garden
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|projective drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|projective drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
''Please summarize your case and give arguments for your projective design (approx 150 words).''

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Cross_Sectional_drawing.png|Standard Cross Sectional Drawing
Image:Standard_planting_plan.png|Planting Plan
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|image 4
</gallery>

== References ==
''* ''Seoul Metropolitan Government(2006), The Restoration of Cheonggyecheon White Paper''

''* ''Seoul Metropolitan Government(2012), The Han-River Ecology Report''

''* Please add internet links to other resources if necessary.''

----
[[Category:Planting Design 2013 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Planting Design 2013 Working Group 6 - Case Study A

2013-11-30T08:24:51Z

Hyeyoon Choi: /* Analytical drawings */

---> back to group page [[Planting_Design_2013_-_Working_Group_6|working group 6]]

'''''Cheonggyecheon: Image of Nature in the Metropolis'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Cheonggyecheon''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Seoul''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Korea, Republic of''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''add author''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Korea-Seoul-Cheonggyecheon-2008-01.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|<googlemap version="0.9" lat="37.569464" lon="127.001975" type="satellite" zoom="13" width="300" height="250" selector="no" controls="small">
</googlemap>
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

''There was historical restoration of a small stream, Cheonggyecheon, in the center of Seoul in 2003. Right now, Cheonggyecheon is very famous landmark in Seoul and citizens and tourists love this place. However it looks more like “Disneyland-fication” than natural stream restoration. Environmental activist criticize the output of restoration because it is far from natural stream and costs a lot for maintenance. Cheonggyecheon is still controversial issue. The appearance of restored Cheonggyecheon is ideal but not practical. I have never been living out of City, and actually I have spent the most of my life time in Seoul, huge metropolis. As a result, I am not sure how to implant Image of Nature in the City Area, where a prototype of nature can merely survive. Studying the restoration project of Cheonggyecheon, I want to look for the answer of it.

== Author's perspective ==
''From which professional background/perspective are your documenting this case?''

I was born in developing country and live in developed country. Based on my experience in high speed urbanization, I try to light on the image of urban stream. As a civil and environmental engineer, it is impossible to overlook the natural function of the stream to study restoration project.

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==
*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''

Cheonggyecheon is natural ephemeral stream across the city of Seoul, which has been the capital of Korea since 1392, and functions as discharger of heavy rainfall in summer monsoon. It has been dredged for the sake of preventing flood for more than 600 years and its name, Cheonggyecheon, is also originated from the meaning of “dredge a stream”. In 1770s, the stream was straightened in the process of dredging. After Korean War, the poor people settled nearby the stream and it had been slummed through the age of industrial revolution. The stream was extremely polluted by chemicals and sewage. The stream had been covered up since 1930s and the overpass was constructed over the stream in 1970. In 2000s, according to deterioration and safety problem of the overpass, the government of Seoul city decided to restoration of Cheonggyecheon and the construction was fulfilled in 2005 followed by 26 months of rushing construction. 270Million Euro had been spent to restore 5.8km long stream. The running waters are leaded from groundwater fountain in subway and the Intake station in Han River because there is naturally no running water on the stream except monsoon season.

The restoration of Cheonggyecheon was planned to connect biotopes in Seoul. The CBD, Cheonggyecheon cuts through, is surrounded by Mountains and palaces functioning core patch of ecosystem and the end of Cheonggyecheon flows into Han River. The restored stream is vertically consisted of wetland, flood plain, revetment, and the terrace land and the large range of plant from submerged plants to roadside trees was planted on each site. 288 species of animals and 366 species of plants inhabit along the stream.(2012, 7th Han River Ecology Report). The upper region has a simplified water bed and the velocity of fluid is quite high. The plants bed is well manicured but the lack of diversity is remarkable. The feature of inhabitants becomes more natural toward the mouth of the stream and at the mouth of the stream is only area where amphibian and reptile live.

The starting point of Cheonggyecheon is sited on historical center of the Seoul, inside of the old castle. The upper stream is mixed zone with the historical palaces and high-rise buildings so it is conceptualized as historical and tradition section. The stream flows into the Han River and the mouth of the stream has abundant natural resources, and this area is planned as natural and future section. The middle of the stream lies on very hot market place and became a cultural and modern section. The direction of restoration does not completely correspond to ecological restoration but Cheonggyecheon gains great popularity as urban park. Especially the upper areas are used for festival, exhibition, and routine trail for citizens.

<gallery caption="Illustration " widths="200px" heights="200px" perrow="4">
Image:1930.png|''1930s''
Image:JC.JPG|''Slummed Area before cover-up''
Image:Overpass.jpg|''Overpass from 1976 to 2003''
Image:Restorationplan.png|''Restoration Plan''
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case and take the following aspects into account:''
* ''natural dynamic versus cultural framework - in how far do these two forces come together in your case?''

Image of nature reflecting on the restoration of Cheonggyecheon shows that it is almost impossible to reproduce the nature already ruined. Although the rebirth of Cheonggyecheon means the change of paradigm about value of nature in society, it still remains in the object that people uses and enjoys. The nature is reinterpreteted without primitive function and dominated by cultural text as what is like in their imagination. Practically it is merely possible to recreate primitive stream in the center of highly concentrated urban area. About 50% of Koreans live in metropolitan area, inside of and nearby in Seoul, and 20% of Koreans live in Seoul. The areas that Cheonggyecheon laid on is the most highly developed areas. It is merely founded unpaved ground except palaces and mountains. The percentage of impervious areas in Cheonggyecheon reaches 71.5%, the highest among all over Korea(2013, Ministry of Environment). This means that it is very hard to have quantity of natural flow in the stream, which is supposed to be in native condition. The high-rise buildings are standing along Cheonggyecheon and the mid-stream areas are very crowded market area. In the process of the indemnification for land has born acute social issues. After covered up in 1930s, the areas over the stream had been specialized commercial complex for industrial tools and gears. The Restoration of the stream forced it out of Seoul and many small businesses lost their livelihood. Cheonggyecheon was rebuilt between limits of reality, in which living nature could hardly survive. The result is destinated costly operation and maintenance caused by pumping water up, released fishes confronted by death, and ecosystem interfered by people who want to enjoy new Disneyland.

According to recent research about the ecological datum in Cheonggyecheon and Han River, the upper areas are close to urban entertainment facility and the downstream areas fulfill the conditions to be a natural stream. The upper area has very neat scenery with big limestone but it does not fit on condition for the natural stream and it functions as urban waterfront. The sediments are deposited along the stream and results the better surroundings for native creatures. Furthermore the downstream has pretty much larger flood plain and the spot connecting to Han River, Eco-reserve areas. Thorough the full range of the stream, there is no regard for bird habits and benthic macro-invertebrate. Culturally the upper stream is surrounded by CBD and huge market area and the downstream passes by residential areas. For this reason, the upper stream was planned to be historical and traditional place, even though the results does not seem like that. The upper stream is used for open place for citizens rather than for animals and plants and hundreds festivals and ceremonies are held yearly.

The restoration was projected to develop green network in Seoul, which connect the mountains in south and north including the palaces nearby and complete the circular corridors to Han River. It is devoted obviously to ecological richness but is barely said to accomplish green network. In spite of controversial situation, Cheonggyecheon contributes greatly to lower the temperature of CBD area in Seoul, averagely 3.6℃ cooler than other areas in Seoul, and provides a green place that citizens are relaxing and enjoying.

* ''dynamic through the year (you may imagine how the site looks in spring and summer, maybe you also remember it)''

The upper stream closed to my living place always stays in the same image in my memory through the year because it looks like big fish-ball. There are big exhibition like lantern festival in winter time and children having fun in the water in summer. You could see people chatting with their colleagues in daytime and taking a walk along the stream at night on the way from their work. The critical reason that the stream could retain its neat outlook is cleaning service by city government. The stream was maintained like government building through sweeping and rubbing.

* ''highlight potentials and problems''

CCheonggyecheon has little quatity of flow because it is originally a dry stream and the large of the basin is impervious. In a result, it artificially pumps water up from Han River and underground. The drawing process costs averagely 600,000EUR per year. Furthermore this operation causes water-bloom. The cost for maintenance was 6,000,000EUR in 2011 and has increased continuously. On the other hand, impermeable covered-up pavement in CBD nearby Cheonggyecheon intensifys over-flood in summer monsoon. Followed by climate change, the amount of rainfall in summer monsoon increases dramatically and features pouring a large amount of rainfall in a short period of time. Additionally huge size of square was built nearby with waterproof material and is sunken in the rain . This situation drives disputes about natural function of the stream as a discharger.

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="200px" heights="200px" perrow="4">
Image:Biotopes.png|Connecting Biontopes in Seoul
Image:Upperarea.png|The Upper areas of stream
Image:Toward_the_mouth.png|Toward the mouth
Image:Fourseasons.png|Four Seasons
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
* ''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) for your case and take the following aspects into account:''
** ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''

It is surprised that the downstream of the stream achieve desirable condition and worried about the interference by human being. To preserve stable ecosystem, limit access area should be set up partially. In case of the upper stream, well managed garden hazards variety of species so changing a planting plan is advisable. To enlarge unpaved areas and planted areas would be helpful to improve the situation. However, it will be needed more land for flood plain in long term. Overall, the downstream should keep its condition well and the upper stream should be like the downstream.

Seoul metropolitan government releases their plan to re-restoration of Cheonggyecheon yesterday (29 Nov. 2013). The core issue of the plan is to dismantle straightened water way, and to make a meandering. Furthermore the plan includes reconstruction of historical monument carried away and alternative water resource flowing on the stream. The plan is going to be confirmed next year and go on until 2050. Considering climate change, this plan should deal with deep underground reservoir or rain garden to evacuate heavy rainfall in short time and release it gradually in case of need.

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="250px" heights="250px" perrow="4">
Image:Overflow_concept.png|Overflow in summer
Image:Rain_garden_concept.png|Rain Garden
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|projective drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|projective drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
''Please summarize your case and give arguments for your projective design (approx 150 words).''

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Cross_Sectional_drawing.png|Standard Cross Sectional Drawing
Image:Standard_planting_plan.png|Planting Plan
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|image 4
</gallery>

== References ==
''* ''Seoul Metropolitan Government(2006), The Restoration of Cheonggyecheon White Paper''

''* ''Seoul Metropolitan Government(2012), The Han-River Ecology Report''

''* Please add internet links to other resources if necessary.''

----
[[Category:Planting Design 2013 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Planting Design 2013 Working Group 6 - Case Study A

2013-11-30T08:19:28Z

Hyeyoon Choi: /* Analytical drawings */

---> back to group page [[Planting_Design_2013_-_Working_Group_6|working group 6]]

'''''Cheonggyecheon: Image of Nature in the Metropolis'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Cheonggyecheon''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Seoul''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Korea, Republic of''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''add author''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Korea-Seoul-Cheonggyecheon-2008-01.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|<googlemap version="0.9" lat="37.569464" lon="127.001975" type="satellite" zoom="13" width="300" height="250" selector="no" controls="small">
</googlemap>
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

''There was historical restoration of a small stream, Cheonggyecheon, in the center of Seoul in 2003. Right now, Cheonggyecheon is very famous landmark in Seoul and citizens and tourists love this place. However it looks more like “Disneyland-fication” than natural stream restoration. Environmental activist criticize the output of restoration because it is far from natural stream and costs a lot for maintenance. Cheonggyecheon is still controversial issue. The appearance of restored Cheonggyecheon is ideal but not practical. I have never been living out of City, and actually I have spent the most of my life time in Seoul, huge metropolis. As a result, I am not sure how to implant Image of Nature in the City Area, where a prototype of nature can merely survive. Studying the restoration project of Cheonggyecheon, I want to look for the answer of it.

== Author's perspective ==
''From which professional background/perspective are your documenting this case?''

I was born in developing country and live in developed country. Based on my experience in high speed urbanization, I try to light on the image of urban stream. As a civil and environmental engineer, it is impossible to overlook the natural function of the stream to study restoration project.

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==
*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''

Cheonggyecheon is natural ephemeral stream across the city of Seoul, which has been the capital of Korea since 1392, and functions as discharger of heavy rainfall in summer monsoon. It has been dredged for the sake of preventing flood for more than 600 years and its name, Cheonggyecheon, is also originated from the meaning of “dredge a stream”. In 1770s, the stream was straightened in the process of dredging. After Korean War, the poor people settled nearby the stream and it had been slummed through the age of industrial revolution. The stream was extremely polluted by chemicals and sewage. The stream had been covered up since 1930s and the overpass was constructed over the stream in 1970. In 2000s, according to deterioration and safety problem of the overpass, the government of Seoul city decided to restoration of Cheonggyecheon and the construction was fulfilled in 2005 followed by 26 months of rushing construction. 270Million Euro had been spent to restore 5.8km long stream. The running waters are leaded from groundwater fountain in subway and the Intake station in Han River because there is naturally no running water on the stream except monsoon season.

The restoration of Cheonggyecheon was planned to connect biotopes in Seoul. The CBD, Cheonggyecheon cuts through, is surrounded by Mountains and palaces functioning core patch of ecosystem and the end of Cheonggyecheon flows into Han River. The restored stream is vertically consisted of wetland, flood plain, revetment, and the terrace land and the large range of plant from submerged plants to roadside trees was planted on each site. 288 species of animals and 366 species of plants inhabit along the stream.(2012, 7th Han River Ecology Report). The upper region has a simplified water bed and the velocity of fluid is quite high. The plants bed is well manicured but the lack of diversity is remarkable. The feature of inhabitants becomes more natural toward the mouth of the stream and at the mouth of the stream is only area where amphibian and reptile live.

The starting point of Cheonggyecheon is sited on historical center of the Seoul, inside of the old castle. The upper stream is mixed zone with the historical palaces and high-rise buildings so it is conceptualized as historical and tradition section. The stream flows into the Han River and the mouth of the stream has abundant natural resources, and this area is planned as natural and future section. The middle of the stream lies on very hot market place and became a cultural and modern section. The direction of restoration does not completely correspond to ecological restoration but Cheonggyecheon gains great popularity as urban park. Especially the upper areas are used for festival, exhibition, and routine trail for citizens.

<gallery caption="Illustration " widths="200px" heights="200px" perrow="4">
Image:1930.png|''1930s''
Image:JC.JPG|''Slummed Area before cover-up''
Image:Overpass.jpg|''Overpass from 1976 to 2003''
Image:Restorationplan.png|''Restoration Plan''
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case and take the following aspects into account:''
* ''natural dynamic versus cultural framework - in how far do these two forces come together in your case?''

Image of nature reflecting on the restoration of Cheonggyecheon shows that it is almost impossible to reproduce the nature already ruined. Although the rebirth of Cheonggyecheon means the change of paradigm about value of nature in society, it still remains in the object that people uses and enjoys. The nature is reinterpreteted without primitive function and dominated by cultural text as what is like in their imagination. Practically it is merely possible to recreate primitive stream in the center of highly concentrated urban area. About 50% of Koreans live in metropolitan area, inside of and nearby in Seoul, and 20% of Koreans live in Seoul. The areas that Cheonggyecheon laid on is the most highly developed areas. It is merely founded unpaved ground except palaces and mountains. The percentage of impervious areas in Cheonggyecheon reaches 71.5%, the highest among all over Korea(2013, Ministry of Environment). This means that it is very hard to have quantity of natural flow in the stream, which is supposed to be in native condition. The high-rise buildings are standing along Cheonggyecheon and the mid-stream areas are very crowded market area. In the process of the indemnification for land has born acute social issues. After covered up in 1930s, the areas over the stream had been specialized commercial complex for industrial tools and gears. The Restoration of the stream forced it out of Seoul and many small businesses lost their livelihood. Cheonggyecheon was rebuilt between limits of reality, in which living nature could hardly survive. The result is destinated costly operation and maintenance caused by pumping water up, released fishes confronted by death, and ecosystem interfered by people who want to enjoy new Disneyland.

According to recent research about the ecological datum in Cheonggyecheon and Han River, the upper areas are close to urban entertainment facility and the downstream areas fulfill the conditions to be a natural stream. The upper area has very neat scenery with big limestone but it does not fit on condition for the natural stream and it functions as urban waterfront. The sediments are deposited along the stream and results the better surroundings for native creatures. Furthermore the downstream has pretty much larger flood plain and the spot connecting to Han River, Eco-reserve areas. Thorough the full range of the stream, there is no regard for bird habits and benthic macro-invertebrate. Culturally the upper stream is surrounded by CBD and huge market area and the downstream passes by residential areas. For this reason, the upper stream was planned to be historical and traditional place, even though the results does not seem like that. The upper stream is used for open place for citizens rather than for animals and plants and hundreds festivals and ceremonies are held yearly.

The restoration was projected to develop green network in Seoul, which connect the mountains in south and north including the palaces nearby and complete the circular corridors to Han River. It is devoted obviously to ecological richness but is barely said to accomplish green network. In spite of controversial situation, Cheonggyecheon contributes greatly to lower the temperature of CBD area in Seoul, averagely 3.6℃ cooler than other areas in Seoul, and provides a green place that citizens are relaxing and enjoying.

* ''dynamic through the year (you may imagine how the site looks in spring and summer, maybe you also remember it)''

The upper stream closed to my living place always stays in the same image in my memory through the year because it looks like big fish-ball. There are big exhibition like lantern festival in winter time and children having fun in the water in summer. You could see people chatting with their colleagues in daytime and taking a walk along the stream at night on the way from their work. The critical reason that the stream could retain its neat outlook is cleaning service by city government. The stream was maintained like government building through sweeping and rubbing.

* ''highlight potentials and problems''

CCheonggyecheon has little quatity of flow because it is originally a dry stream and the large of the basin is impervious. In a result, it artificially pumps water up from Han River and underground. The drawing process costs averagely 600,000EUR per year. Furthermore this operation causes water-bloom. The cost for maintenance was 6,000,000EUR in 2011 and has increased continuously. On the other hand, impermeable covered-up pavement in CBD nearby Cheonggyecheon causes over-flood in summer monsoon. Followed by climate change, the amount of rainfall in summer monsoon increases dramatically and features pouring a large amount of rainfall in a short period of time. Additionally huge size of square was built nearby with waterproof material. This situation drives disputes about natural function of the stream as a discharger.

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="200px" heights="200px" perrow="4">
Image:Biotopes.png|Connecting Biontopes in Seoul
Image:Upperarea.png|The Upper areas of stream
Image:Toward_the_mouth.png|Toward the mouth
Image:Fourseasons.png|Four Seasons
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
* ''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) for your case and take the following aspects into account:''
** ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''

It is surprised that the downstream of the stream achieve desirable condition and worried about the interference by human being. To preserve stable ecosystem, limit access area should be set up partially. In case of the upper stream, well managed garden hazards variety of species so changing a planting plan is advisable. To enlarge unpaved areas and planted areas would be helpful to improve the situation. However, it will be needed more land for flood plain in long term. Overall, the downstream should keep its condition well and the upper stream should be like the downstream.

Seoul metropolitan government releases their plan to re-restoration of Cheonggyecheon yesterday (29 Nov. 2013). The core issue of the plan is to dismantle straightened water way, and to make a meandering. Furthermore the plan includes reconstruction of historical monument carried away and alternative water resource flowing on the stream. The plan is going to be confirmed next year and go on until 2050. Considering climate change, this plan should deal with deep underground reservoir or rain garden to evacuate heavy rainfall in short time and release it gradually in case of need.

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="250px" heights="250px" perrow="4">
Image:Overflow_concept.png|Overflow in summer
Image:Rain_garden_concept.png|Rain Garden
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|projective drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|projective drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
''Please summarize your case and give arguments for your projective design (approx 150 words).''

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Cross_Sectional_drawing.png|Standard Cross Sectional Drawing
Image:Standard_planting_plan.png|Planting Plan
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|image 4
</gallery>

== References ==
''* ''Seoul Metropolitan Government(2006), The Restoration of Cheonggyecheon White Paper''

''* ''Seoul Metropolitan Government(2012), The Han-River Ecology Report''

''* Please add internet links to other resources if necessary.''

----
[[Category:Planting Design 2013 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Planting Design 2013 Working Group 6 - Case Study A

2013-11-30T08:18:34Z

Hyeyoon Choi: /* Projective drawings */

---> back to group page [[Planting_Design_2013_-_Working_Group_6|working group 6]]

'''''Cheonggyecheon: Image of Nature in the Metropolis'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Cheonggyecheon''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Seoul''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Korea, Republic of''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''add author''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Korea-Seoul-Cheonggyecheon-2008-01.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|<googlemap version="0.9" lat="37.569464" lon="127.001975" type="satellite" zoom="13" width="300" height="250" selector="no" controls="small">
</googlemap>
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

''There was historical restoration of a small stream, Cheonggyecheon, in the center of Seoul in 2003. Right now, Cheonggyecheon is very famous landmark in Seoul and citizens and tourists love this place. However it looks more like “Disneyland-fication” than natural stream restoration. Environmental activist criticize the output of restoration because it is far from natural stream and costs a lot for maintenance. Cheonggyecheon is still controversial issue. The appearance of restored Cheonggyecheon is ideal but not practical. I have never been living out of City, and actually I have spent the most of my life time in Seoul, huge metropolis. As a result, I am not sure how to implant Image of Nature in the City Area, where a prototype of nature can merely survive. Studying the restoration project of Cheonggyecheon, I want to look for the answer of it.

== Author's perspective ==
''From which professional background/perspective are your documenting this case?''

I was born in developing country and live in developed country. Based on my experience in high speed urbanization, I try to light on the image of urban stream. As a civil and environmental engineer, it is impossible to overlook the natural function of the stream to study restoration project.

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==
*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''

Cheonggyecheon is natural ephemeral stream across the city of Seoul, which has been the capital of Korea since 1392, and functions as discharger of heavy rainfall in summer monsoon. It has been dredged for the sake of preventing flood for more than 600 years and its name, Cheonggyecheon, is also originated from the meaning of “dredge a stream”. In 1770s, the stream was straightened in the process of dredging. After Korean War, the poor people settled nearby the stream and it had been slummed through the age of industrial revolution. The stream was extremely polluted by chemicals and sewage. The stream had been covered up since 1930s and the overpass was constructed over the stream in 1970. In 2000s, according to deterioration and safety problem of the overpass, the government of Seoul city decided to restoration of Cheonggyecheon and the construction was fulfilled in 2005 followed by 26 months of rushing construction. 270Million Euro had been spent to restore 5.8km long stream. The running waters are leaded from groundwater fountain in subway and the Intake station in Han River because there is naturally no running water on the stream except monsoon season.

The restoration of Cheonggyecheon was planned to connect biotopes in Seoul. The CBD, Cheonggyecheon cuts through, is surrounded by Mountains and palaces functioning core patch of ecosystem and the end of Cheonggyecheon flows into Han River. The restored stream is vertically consisted of wetland, flood plain, revetment, and the terrace land and the large range of plant from submerged plants to roadside trees was planted on each site. 288 species of animals and 366 species of plants inhabit along the stream.(2012, 7th Han River Ecology Report). The upper region has a simplified water bed and the velocity of fluid is quite high. The plants bed is well manicured but the lack of diversity is remarkable. The feature of inhabitants becomes more natural toward the mouth of the stream and at the mouth of the stream is only area where amphibian and reptile live.

The starting point of Cheonggyecheon is sited on historical center of the Seoul, inside of the old castle. The upper stream is mixed zone with the historical palaces and high-rise buildings so it is conceptualized as historical and tradition section. The stream flows into the Han River and the mouth of the stream has abundant natural resources, and this area is planned as natural and future section. The middle of the stream lies on very hot market place and became a cultural and modern section. The direction of restoration does not completely correspond to ecological restoration but Cheonggyecheon gains great popularity as urban park. Especially the upper areas are used for festival, exhibition, and routine trail for citizens.

<gallery caption="Illustration " widths="200px" heights="200px" perrow="4">
Image:1930.png|''1930s''
Image:JC.JPG|''Slummed Area before cover-up''
Image:Overpass.jpg|''Overpass from 1976 to 2003''
Image:Restorationplan.png|''Restoration Plan''
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case and take the following aspects into account:''
* ''natural dynamic versus cultural framework - in how far do these two forces come together in your case?''

Image of nature reflecting on the restoration of Cheonggyecheon shows that it is almost impossible to reproduce the nature already ruined. Although the rebirth of Cheonggyecheon means the change of paradigm about value of nature in society, it still remains in the object that people uses and enjoys. The nature is reinterpreteted without primitive function and dominated by cultural text as what is like in their imagination. Practically it is merely possible to recreate primitive stream in the center of highly concentrated urban area. About 50% of Koreans live in metropolitan area, inside of and nearby in Seoul, and 20% of Koreans live in Seoul. The areas that Cheonggyecheon laid on is the most highly developed areas. It is merely founded unpaved ground except palaces and mountains. The percentage of impervious areas in Cheonggyecheon reaches 71.5%, the highest among all over Korea(2013, Ministry of Environment). This means that it is very hard to have quantity of natural flow in the stream, which is supposed to be in native condition. The high-rise buildings are standing along Cheonggyecheon and the mid-stream areas are very crowded market area. In the process of the indemnification for land has born acute social issues. After covered up in 1930s, the areas over the stream had been specialized commercial complex for industrial tools and gears. The Restoration of the stream forced it out of Seoul and many small businesses lost their livelihood. Cheonggyecheon was rebuilt between limits of reality, in which living nature could hardly survive. The result is destinated narrow flood plain overflowing in rainy season, costly operation and maintenance caused by pumping water up, released fishes confronted by death, and ecosystem interfered by people who want to enjoy new Disneyland.

According to recent research about the ecological datum in Cheonggyecheon and Han River, the upper areas are close to urban entertainment facility and the downstream areas fulfill the conditions to be a natural stream. The upper area has very neat scenery with big limestone but it does not fit on condition for the natural stream and it functions as urban waterfront. The sediments are deposited along the stream and results the better surroundings for native creatures. Furthermore the downstream has pretty much larger flood plain and the spot connecting to Han River, Eco-reserve areas. Thorough the full range of the stream, there is no regard for bird habits and benthic macro-invertebrate. Culturally the upper stream is surrounded by CBD and huge market area and the downstream passes by residential areas. For this reason, the upper stream was planned to be historical and traditional place, even though the results does not seem like that. The upper stream is used for open place for citizens rather than for animals and plants and hundreds festivals and ceremonies are held yearly.

The restoration was projected to develop green network in Seoul, which connect the mountains in south and north including the palaces nearby and complete the circular corridors to Han River. It is devoted obviously to ecological richness but is barely said to accomplish green network. In spite of controversial situation, Cheonggyecheon contributes greatly to lower the temperature of CBD area in Seoul, averagely 3.6℃ cooler than other areas in Seoul, and provides a green place that citizens are relaxing and enjoying.

* ''dynamic through the year (you may imagine how the site looks in spring and summer, maybe you also remember it)''

The upper stream closed to my living place always stays in the same image in my memory through the year because it looks like big fish-ball. There are big exhibition like lantern festival in winter time and children having fun in the water in summer. You could see people chatting with their colleagues in daytime and taking a walk along the stream at night on the way from their work. The critical reason that the stream could retain its neat outlook is cleaning service by city government. The stream was maintained like government building through sweeping and rubbing.

* ''highlight potentials and problems''

CCheonggyecheon has little quatity of flow because it is originally a dry stream and the large of the basin is impervious. In a result, it artificially pumps water up from Han River and underground. The drawing process costs averagely 600,000EUR per year. Furthermore this operation causes water-bloom. The cost for maintenance was 6,000,000EUR in 2011 and has increased continuously. On the other hand, impermeable covered-up pavement in CBD nearby Cheonggyecheon causes over-flood in summer monsoon. Followed by climate change, the amount of rainfall in summer monsoon increases dramatically and features pouring a large amount of rainfall in a short period of time. Additionally huge size of square was built nearby with waterproof material. This situation drives disputes about natural function of the stream as a discharger.

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="200px" heights="200px" perrow="4">
Image:Biotopes.png|Connecting Biontopes in Seoul
Image:Upperarea.png|The Upper areas of stream
Image:Toward_the_mouth.png|Toward the mouth
Image:Fourseasons.png|Four Seasons
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
* ''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) for your case and take the following aspects into account:''
** ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''

It is surprised that the downstream of the stream achieve desirable condition and worried about the interference by human being. To preserve stable ecosystem, limit access area should be set up partially. In case of the upper stream, well managed garden hazards variety of species so changing a planting plan is advisable. To enlarge unpaved areas and planted areas would be helpful to improve the situation. However, it will be needed more land for flood plain in long term. Overall, the downstream should keep its condition well and the upper stream should be like the downstream.

Seoul metropolitan government releases their plan to re-restoration of Cheonggyecheon yesterday (29 Nov. 2013). The core issue of the plan is to dismantle straightened water way, and to make a meandering. Furthermore the plan includes reconstruction of historical monument carried away and alternative water resource flowing on the stream. The plan is going to be confirmed next year and go on until 2050. Considering climate change, this plan should deal with deep underground reservoir or rain garden to evacuate heavy rainfall in short time and release it gradually in case of need.

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="250px" heights="250px" perrow="4">
Image:Overflow_concept.png|Overflow in summer
Image:Rain_garden_concept.png|Rain Garden
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|projective drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|projective drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
''Please summarize your case and give arguments for your projective design (approx 150 words).''

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Cross_Sectional_drawing.png|Standard Cross Sectional Drawing
Image:Standard_planting_plan.png|Planting Plan
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|image 4
</gallery>

== References ==
''* ''Seoul Metropolitan Government(2006), The Restoration of Cheonggyecheon White Paper''

''* ''Seoul Metropolitan Government(2012), The Han-River Ecology Report''

''* Please add internet links to other resources if necessary.''

----
[[Category:Planting Design 2013 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Planting Design 2013 Working Group 6 - Case Study A

2013-11-30T08:15:55Z

Hyeyoon Choi: /* Projective drawings */

---> back to group page [[Planting_Design_2013_-_Working_Group_6|working group 6]]

'''''Cheonggyecheon: Image of Nature in the Metropolis'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Cheonggyecheon''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Seoul''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Korea, Republic of''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''add author''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Korea-Seoul-Cheonggyecheon-2008-01.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|<googlemap version="0.9" lat="37.569464" lon="127.001975" type="satellite" zoom="13" width="300" height="250" selector="no" controls="small">
</googlemap>
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

''There was historical restoration of a small stream, Cheonggyecheon, in the center of Seoul in 2003. Right now, Cheonggyecheon is very famous landmark in Seoul and citizens and tourists love this place. However it looks more like “Disneyland-fication” than natural stream restoration. Environmental activist criticize the output of restoration because it is far from natural stream and costs a lot for maintenance. Cheonggyecheon is still controversial issue. The appearance of restored Cheonggyecheon is ideal but not practical. I have never been living out of City, and actually I have spent the most of my life time in Seoul, huge metropolis. As a result, I am not sure how to implant Image of Nature in the City Area, where a prototype of nature can merely survive. Studying the restoration project of Cheonggyecheon, I want to look for the answer of it.

== Author's perspective ==
''From which professional background/perspective are your documenting this case?''

I was born in developing country and live in developed country. Based on my experience in high speed urbanization, I try to light on the image of urban stream. As a civil and environmental engineer, it is impossible to overlook the natural function of the stream to study restoration project.

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==
*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''

Cheonggyecheon is natural ephemeral stream across the city of Seoul, which has been the capital of Korea since 1392, and functions as discharger of heavy rainfall in summer monsoon. It has been dredged for the sake of preventing flood for more than 600 years and its name, Cheonggyecheon, is also originated from the meaning of “dredge a stream”. In 1770s, the stream was straightened in the process of dredging. After Korean War, the poor people settled nearby the stream and it had been slummed through the age of industrial revolution. The stream was extremely polluted by chemicals and sewage. The stream had been covered up since 1930s and the overpass was constructed over the stream in 1970. In 2000s, according to deterioration and safety problem of the overpass, the government of Seoul city decided to restoration of Cheonggyecheon and the construction was fulfilled in 2005 followed by 26 months of rushing construction. 270Million Euro had been spent to restore 5.8km long stream. The running waters are leaded from groundwater fountain in subway and the Intake station in Han River because there is naturally no running water on the stream except monsoon season.

The restoration of Cheonggyecheon was planned to connect biotopes in Seoul. The CBD, Cheonggyecheon cuts through, is surrounded by Mountains and palaces functioning core patch of ecosystem and the end of Cheonggyecheon flows into Han River. The restored stream is vertically consisted of wetland, flood plain, revetment, and the terrace land and the large range of plant from submerged plants to roadside trees was planted on each site. 288 species of animals and 366 species of plants inhabit along the stream.(2012, 7th Han River Ecology Report). The upper region has a simplified water bed and the velocity of fluid is quite high. The plants bed is well manicured but the lack of diversity is remarkable. The feature of inhabitants becomes more natural toward the mouth of the stream and at the mouth of the stream is only area where amphibian and reptile live.

The starting point of Cheonggyecheon is sited on historical center of the Seoul, inside of the old castle. The upper stream is mixed zone with the historical palaces and high-rise buildings so it is conceptualized as historical and tradition section. The stream flows into the Han River and the mouth of the stream has abundant natural resources, and this area is planned as natural and future section. The middle of the stream lies on very hot market place and became a cultural and modern section. The direction of restoration does not completely correspond to ecological restoration but Cheonggyecheon gains great popularity as urban park. Especially the upper areas are used for festival, exhibition, and routine trail for citizens.

<gallery caption="Illustration " widths="200px" heights="200px" perrow="4">
Image:1930.png|''1930s''
Image:JC.JPG|''Slummed Area before cover-up''
Image:Overpass.jpg|''Overpass from 1976 to 2003''
Image:Restorationplan.png|''Restoration Plan''
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case and take the following aspects into account:''
* ''natural dynamic versus cultural framework - in how far do these two forces come together in your case?''

Image of nature reflecting on the restoration of Cheonggyecheon shows that it is almost impossible to reproduce the nature already ruined. Although the rebirth of Cheonggyecheon means the change of paradigm about value of nature in society, it still remains in the object that people uses and enjoys. The nature is reinterpreteted without primitive function and dominated by cultural text as what is like in their imagination. Practically it is merely possible to recreate primitive stream in the center of highly concentrated urban area. About 50% of Koreans live in metropolitan area, inside of and nearby in Seoul, and 20% of Koreans live in Seoul. The areas that Cheonggyecheon laid on is the most highly developed areas. It is merely founded unpaved ground except palaces and mountains. The percentage of impervious areas in Cheonggyecheon reaches 71.5%, the highest among all over Korea(2013, Ministry of Environment). This means that it is very hard to have quantity of natural flow in the stream, which is supposed to be in native condition. The high-rise buildings are standing along Cheonggyecheon and the mid-stream areas are very crowded market area. In the process of the indemnification for land has born acute social issues. After covered up in 1930s, the areas over the stream had been specialized commercial complex for industrial tools and gears. The Restoration of the stream forced it out of Seoul and many small businesses lost their livelihood. Cheonggyecheon was rebuilt between limits of reality, in which living nature could hardly survive. The result is destinated narrow flood plain overflowing in rainy season, costly operation and maintenance caused by pumping water up, released fishes confronted by death, and ecosystem interfered by people who want to enjoy new Disneyland.

According to recent research about the ecological datum in Cheonggyecheon and Han River, the upper areas are close to urban entertainment facility and the downstream areas fulfill the conditions to be a natural stream. The upper area has very neat scenery with big limestone but it does not fit on condition for the natural stream and it functions as urban waterfront. The sediments are deposited along the stream and results the better surroundings for native creatures. Furthermore the downstream has pretty much larger flood plain and the spot connecting to Han River, Eco-reserve areas. Thorough the full range of the stream, there is no regard for bird habits and benthic macro-invertebrate. Culturally the upper stream is surrounded by CBD and huge market area and the downstream passes by residential areas. For this reason, the upper stream was planned to be historical and traditional place, even though the results does not seem like that. The upper stream is used for open place for citizens rather than for animals and plants and hundreds festivals and ceremonies are held yearly.

The restoration was projected to develop green network in Seoul, which connect the mountains in south and north including the palaces nearby and complete the circular corridors to Han River. It is devoted obviously to ecological richness but is barely said to accomplish green network. In spite of controversial situation, Cheonggyecheon contributes greatly to lower the temperature of CBD area in Seoul, averagely 3.6℃ cooler than other areas in Seoul, and provides a green place that citizens are relaxing and enjoying.

* ''dynamic through the year (you may imagine how the site looks in spring and summer, maybe you also remember it)''

The upper stream closed to my living place always stays in the same image in my memory through the year because it looks like big fish-ball. There are big exhibition like lantern festival in winter time and children having fun in the water in summer. You could see people chatting with their colleagues in daytime and taking a walk along the stream at night on the way from their work. The critical reason that the stream could retain its neat outlook is cleaning service by city government. The stream was maintained like government building through sweeping and rubbing.

* ''highlight potentials and problems''

CCheonggyecheon has little quatity of flow because it is originally a dry stream and the large of the basin is impervious. In a result, it artificially pumps water up from Han River and underground. The drawing process costs averagely 600,000EUR per year. Furthermore this operation causes water-bloom. The cost for maintenance was 6,000,000EUR in 2011 and has increased continuously. On the other hand, impermeable covered-up pavement in CBD nearby Cheonggyecheon causes over-flood in summer monsoon. Followed by climate change, the amount of rainfall in summer monsoon increases dramatically and features pouring a large amount of rainfall in a short period of time. Additionally huge size of square was built nearby with waterproof material. This situation drives disputes about natural function of the stream as a discharger.

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="200px" heights="200px" perrow="4">
Image:Biotopes.png|Connecting Biontopes in Seoul
Image:Upperarea.png|The Upper areas of stream
Image:Toward_the_mouth.png|Toward the mouth
Image:Fourseasons.png|Four Seasons
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
* ''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) for your case and take the following aspects into account:''
** ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''

It is surprised that the downstream of the stream achieve desirable condition and worried about the interference by human being. To preserve stable ecosystem, limit access area should be set up partially. In case of the upper stream, well managed garden hazards variety of species so changing a planting plan is advisable. To enlarge unpaved areas and planted areas would be helpful to improve the situation. However, it will be needed more land for flood plain in long term. Overall, the downstream should keep its condition well and the upper stream should be like the downstream.

Seoul metropolitan government releases their plan to re-restoration of Cheonggyecheon yesterday (29 Nov. 2013). The core issue of the plan is to dismantle straightened water way, and to make a meandering. Furthermore the plan includes reconstruction of historical monument carried away and alternative water resource flowing on the stream. The plan is going to be confirmed next year and go on until 2050. Considering climate change, this plan should deal with deep underground reservoir or rain garden to evacuate heavy rainfall in short time and release it gradually in case of need.

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Overflow_concept.png|Overflow in summer
Image:Rain_garden_concept.png|Rain Garden
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|projective drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|projective drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
''Please summarize your case and give arguments for your projective design (approx 150 words).''

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Cross_Sectional_drawing.png|Standard Cross Sectional Drawing
Image:Standard_planting_plan.png|Planting Plan
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|image 4
</gallery>

== References ==
''* ''Seoul Metropolitan Government(2006), The Restoration of Cheonggyecheon White Paper''

''* ''Seoul Metropolitan Government(2012), The Han-River Ecology Report''

''* Please add internet links to other resources if necessary.''

----
[[Category:Planting Design 2013 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

File:Rain garden concept.png

2013-11-30T08:14:51Z

Hyeyoon Choi:

File:Overflow concept.png

2013-11-30T08:13:02Z

Hyeyoon Choi:

Planting Design 2013 Working Group 6 - Case Study A

2013-11-30T07:18:24Z

Hyeyoon Choi: /* Projective drawings */

---> back to group page [[Planting_Design_2013_-_Working_Group_6|working group 6]]

'''''Cheonggyecheon: Image of Nature in the Metropolis'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Cheonggyecheon''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Seoul''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Korea, Republic of''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''add author''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Korea-Seoul-Cheonggyecheon-2008-01.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|<googlemap version="0.9" lat="37.569464" lon="127.001975" type="satellite" zoom="13" width="300" height="250" selector="no" controls="small">
</googlemap>
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

''There was historical restoration of a small stream, Cheonggyecheon, in the center of Seoul in 2003. Right now, Cheonggyecheon is very famous landmark in Seoul and citizens and tourists love this place. However it looks more like “Disneyland-fication” than natural stream restoration. Environmental activist criticize the output of restoration because it is far from natural stream and costs a lot for maintenance. Cheonggyecheon is still controversial issue. The appearance of restored Cheonggyecheon is ideal but not practical. I have never been living out of City, and actually I have spent the most of my life time in Seoul, huge metropolis. As a result, I am not sure how to implant Image of Nature in the City Area, where a prototype of nature can merely survive. Studying the restoration project of Cheonggyecheon, I want to look for the answer of it.

== Author's perspective ==
''From which professional background/perspective are your documenting this case?''

I was born in developing country and live in developed country. Based on my experience in high speed urbanization, I try to light on the image of urban stream. As a civil and environmental engineer, it is impossible to overlook the natural function of the stream to study restoration project.

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==
*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''

Cheonggyecheon is natural ephemeral stream across the city of Seoul, which has been the capital of Korea since 1392, and functions as discharger of heavy rainfall in summer monsoon. It has been dredged for the sake of preventing flood for more than 600 years and its name, Cheonggyecheon, is also originated from the meaning of “dredge a stream”. In 1770s, the stream was straightened in the process of dredging. After Korean War, the poor people settled nearby the stream and it had been slummed through the age of industrial revolution. The stream was extremely polluted by chemicals and sewage. The stream had been covered up since 1930s and the overpass was constructed over the stream in 1970. In 2000s, according to deterioration and safety problem of the overpass, the government of Seoul city decided to restoration of Cheonggyecheon and the construction was fulfilled in 2005 followed by 26 months of rushing construction. 270Million Euro had been spent to restore 5.8km long stream. The running waters are leaded from groundwater fountain in subway and the Intake station in Han River because there is naturally no running water on the stream except monsoon season.

The restoration of Cheonggyecheon was planned to connect biotopes in Seoul. The CBD, Cheonggyecheon cuts through, is surrounded by Mountains and palaces functioning core patch of ecosystem and the end of Cheonggyecheon flows into Han River. The restored stream is vertically consisted of wetland, flood plain, revetment, and the terrace land and the large range of plant from submerged plants to roadside trees was planted on each site. 288 species of animals and 366 species of plants inhabit along the stream.(2012, 7th Han River Ecology Report). The upper region has a simplified water bed and the velocity of fluid is quite high. The plants bed is well manicured but the lack of diversity is remarkable. The feature of inhabitants becomes more natural toward the mouth of the stream and at the mouth of the stream is only area where amphibian and reptile live.

The starting point of Cheonggyecheon is sited on historical center of the Seoul, inside of the old castle. The upper stream is mixed zone with the historical palaces and high-rise buildings so it is conceptualized as historical and tradition section. The stream flows into the Han River and the mouth of the stream has abundant natural resources, and this area is planned as natural and future section. The middle of the stream lies on very hot market place and became a cultural and modern section. The direction of restoration does not completely correspond to ecological restoration but Cheonggyecheon gains great popularity as urban park. Especially the upper areas are used for festival, exhibition, and routine trail for citizens.

<gallery caption="Illustration " widths="200px" heights="200px" perrow="4">
Image:1930.png|''1930s''
Image:JC.JPG|''Slummed Area before cover-up''
Image:Overpass.jpg|''Overpass from 1976 to 2003''
Image:Restorationplan.png|''Restoration Plan''
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case and take the following aspects into account:''
* ''natural dynamic versus cultural framework - in how far do these two forces come together in your case?''

Image of nature reflecting on the restoration of Cheonggyecheon shows that it is almost impossible to reproduce the nature already ruined. Although the rebirth of Cheonggyecheon means the change of paradigm about value of nature in society, it still remains in the object that people uses and enjoys. The nature is reinterpreteted without primitive function and dominated by cultural text as what is like in their imagination. Practically it is merely possible to recreate primitive stream in the center of highly concentrated urban area. About 50% of Koreans live in metropolitan area, inside of and nearby in Seoul, and 20% of Koreans live in Seoul. The areas that Cheonggyecheon laid on is the most highly developed areas. It is merely founded unpaved ground except palaces and mountains. The percentage of impervious areas in Cheonggyecheon reaches 71.5%, the highest among all over Korea(2013, Ministry of Environment). This means that it is very hard to have quantity of natural flow in the stream, which is supposed to be in native condition. The high-rise buildings are standing along Cheonggyecheon and the mid-stream areas are very crowded market area. In the process of the indemnification for land has born acute social issues. After covered up in 1930s, the areas over the stream had been specialized commercial complex for industrial tools and gears. The Restoration of the stream forced it out of Seoul and many small businesses lost their livelihood. Cheonggyecheon was rebuilt between limits of reality, in which living nature could hardly survive. The result is destinated narrow flood plain overflowing in rainy season, costly operation and maintenance caused by pumping water up, released fishes confronted by death, and ecosystem interfered by people who want to enjoy new Disneyland.

According to recent research about the ecological datum in Cheonggyecheon and Han River, the upper areas are close to urban entertainment facility and the downstream areas fulfill the conditions to be a natural stream. The upper area has very neat scenery with big limestone but it does not fit on condition for the natural stream and it functions as urban waterfront. The sediments are deposited along the stream and results the better surroundings for native creatures. Furthermore the downstream has pretty much larger flood plain and the spot connecting to Han River, Eco-reserve areas. Thorough the full range of the stream, there is no regard for bird habits and benthic macro-invertebrate. Culturally the upper stream is surrounded by CBD and huge market area and the downstream passes by residential areas. For this reason, the upper stream was planned to be historical and traditional place, even though the results does not seem like that. The upper stream is used for open place for citizens rather than for animals and plants and hundreds festivals and ceremonies are held yearly.

The restoration was projected to develop green network in Seoul, which connect the mountains in south and north including the palaces nearby and complete the circular corridors to Han River. It is devoted obviously to ecological richness but is barely said to accomplish green network. In spite of controversial situation, Cheonggyecheon contributes greatly to lower the temperature of CBD area in Seoul, averagely 3.6℃ cooler than other areas in Seoul, and provides a green place that citizens are relaxing and enjoying.

* ''dynamic through the year (you may imagine how the site looks in spring and summer, maybe you also remember it)''

The upper stream closed to my living place always stays in the same image in my memory through the year because it looks like big fish-ball. There are big exhibition like lantern festival in winter time and children having fun in the water in summer. You could see people chatting with their colleagues in daytime and taking a walk along the stream at night on the way from their work. The critical reason that the stream could retain its neat outlook is cleaning service by city government. The stream was maintained like government building through sweeping and rubbing.

* ''highlight potentials and problems''

CCheonggyecheon has little quatity of flow because it is originally a dry stream and the large of the basin is impervious. In a result, it artificially pumps water up from Han River and underground. The drawing process costs averagely 600,000EUR per year. Furthermore this operation causes water-bloom. The cost for maintenance was 6,000,000EUR in 2011 and has increased continuously. On the other hand, impermeable covered-up pavement in CBD nearby Cheonggyecheon causes over-flood in summer monsoon. Followed by climate change, the amount of rainfall in summer monsoon increases dramatically and features pouring a large amount of rainfall in a short period of time. Additionally huge size of square was built nearby with waterproof material. This situation drives disputes about natural function of the stream as a discharger.

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="200px" heights="200px" perrow="4">
Image:Biotopes.png|Connecting Biontopes in Seoul
Image:Upperarea.png|The Upper areas of stream
Image:Toward_the_mouth.png|Toward the mouth
Image:Fourseasons.png|Four Seasons
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
* ''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) for your case and take the following aspects into account:''
** ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''

It is surprised that the downstream of the stream achieve desirable condition and worried about the interference by human being. To preserve stable ecosystem, limit access area should be set up partially. In case of the upper stream, well managed garden hazards variety of species so changing a planting plan is advisable. To enlarge unpaved areas and planted areas would be helpful to improve the situation. However, it will be needed more land for flood plain in long term. Overall, the downstream should keep its condition well and the upper stream should be like the downstream.

Seoul metropolitan government releases their plan to re-restoration of Cheonggyecheon yesterday (29 Nov. 2013). The core issue of the plan is to dismantle straightened water way, and to make a meandering. Furthermore the plan includes reconstruction of historical monument carried away and alternative water resource flowing on the stream. The plan is going to be confirmed next year and go on until 2050. Considering climate change, this plan should deal with deep underground reservoir to evacuate heavy rainfall in short time and release it gradually in case of need.

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|projective drawing 1
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|projective drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|projective drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|projective drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
''Please summarize your case and give arguments for your projective design (approx 150 words).''

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Cross_Sectional_drawing.png|Standard Cross Sectional Drawing
Image:Standard_planting_plan.png|Planting Plan
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|image 4
</gallery>

== References ==
''* ''Seoul Metropolitan Government(2006), The Restoration of Cheonggyecheon White Paper''

''* ''Seoul Metropolitan Government(2012), The Han-River Ecology Report''

''* Please add internet links to other resources if necessary.''

----
[[Category:Planting Design 2013 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Planting Design 2013 Working Group 6 - Case Study A

2013-11-30T06:41:57Z

Hyeyoon Choi: /* Analytical drawings */

---> back to group page [[Planting_Design_2013_-_Working_Group_6|working group 6]]

'''''Cheonggyecheon: Image of Nature in the Metropolis'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Cheonggyecheon''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Seoul''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Korea, Republic of''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''add author''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Korea-Seoul-Cheonggyecheon-2008-01.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|<googlemap version="0.9" lat="37.569464" lon="127.001975" type="satellite" zoom="13" width="300" height="250" selector="no" controls="small">
</googlemap>
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

''There was historical restoration of a small stream, Cheonggyecheon, in the center of Seoul in 2003. Right now, Cheonggyecheon is very famous landmark in Seoul and citizens and tourists love this place. However it looks more like “Disneyland-fication” than natural stream restoration. Environmental activist criticize the output of restoration because it is far from natural stream and costs a lot for maintenance. Cheonggyecheon is still controversial issue. The appearance of restored Cheonggyecheon is ideal but not practical. I have never been living out of City, and actually I have spent the most of my life time in Seoul, huge metropolis. As a result, I am not sure how to implant Image of Nature in the City Area, where a prototype of nature can merely survive. Studying the restoration project of Cheonggyecheon, I want to look for the answer of it.

== Author's perspective ==
''From which professional background/perspective are your documenting this case?''

I was born in developing country and live in developed country. Based on my experience in high speed urbanization, I try to light on the image of urban stream. As a civil and environmental engineer, it is impossible to overlook the natural function of the stream to study restoration project.

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==
*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''

Cheonggyecheon is natural ephemeral stream across the city of Seoul, which has been the capital of Korea since 1392, and functions as discharger of heavy rainfall in summer monsoon. It has been dredged for the sake of preventing flood for more than 600 years and its name, Cheonggyecheon, is also originated from the meaning of “dredge a stream”. In 1770s, the stream was straightened in the process of dredging. After Korean War, the poor people settled nearby the stream and it had been slummed through the age of industrial revolution. The stream was extremely polluted by chemicals and sewage. The stream had been covered up since 1930s and the overpass was constructed over the stream in 1970. In 2000s, according to deterioration and safety problem of the overpass, the government of Seoul city decided to restoration of Cheonggyecheon and the construction was fulfilled in 2005 followed by 26 months of rushing construction. 270Million Euro had been spent to restore 5.8km long stream. The running waters are leaded from groundwater fountain in subway and the Intake station in Han River because there is naturally no running water on the stream except monsoon season.

The restoration of Cheonggyecheon was planned to connect biotopes in Seoul. The CBD, Cheonggyecheon cuts through, is surrounded by Mountains and palaces functioning core patch of ecosystem and the end of Cheonggyecheon flows into Han River. The restored stream is vertically consisted of wetland, flood plain, revetment, and the terrace land and the large range of plant from submerged plants to roadside trees was planted on each site. 288 species of animals and 366 species of plants inhabit along the stream.(2012, 7th Han River Ecology Report). The upper region has a simplified water bed and the velocity of fluid is quite high. The plants bed is well manicured but the lack of diversity is remarkable. The feature of inhabitants becomes more natural toward the mouth of the stream and at the mouth of the stream is only area where amphibian and reptile live.

The starting point of Cheonggyecheon is sited on historical center of the Seoul, inside of the old castle. The upper stream is mixed zone with the historical palaces and high-rise buildings so it is conceptualized as historical and tradition section. The stream flows into the Han River and the mouth of the stream has abundant natural resources, and this area is planned as natural and future section. The middle of the stream lies on very hot market place and became a cultural and modern section. The direction of restoration does not completely correspond to ecological restoration but Cheonggyecheon gains great popularity as urban park. Especially the upper areas are used for festival, exhibition, and routine trail for citizens.

<gallery caption="Illustration " widths="200px" heights="200px" perrow="4">
Image:1930.png|''1930s''
Image:JC.JPG|''Slummed Area before cover-up''
Image:Overpass.jpg|''Overpass from 1976 to 2003''
Image:Restorationplan.png|''Restoration Plan''
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case and take the following aspects into account:''
* ''natural dynamic versus cultural framework - in how far do these two forces come together in your case?''

Image of nature reflecting on the restoration of Cheonggyecheon shows that it is almost impossible to reproduce the nature already ruined. Although the rebirth of Cheonggyecheon means the change of paradigm about value of nature in society, it still remains in the object that people uses and enjoys. The nature is reinterpreteted without primitive function and dominated by cultural text as what is like in their imagination. Practically it is merely possible to recreate primitive stream in the center of highly concentrated urban area. About 50% of Koreans live in metropolitan area, inside of and nearby in Seoul, and 20% of Koreans live in Seoul. The areas that Cheonggyecheon laid on is the most highly developed areas. It is merely founded unpaved ground except palaces and mountains. The percentage of impervious areas in Cheonggyecheon reaches 71.5%, the highest among all over Korea(2013, Ministry of Environment). This means that it is very hard to have quantity of natural flow in the stream, which is supposed to be in native condition. The high-rise buildings are standing along Cheonggyecheon and the mid-stream areas are very crowded market area. In the process of the indemnification for land has born acute social issues. After covered up in 1930s, the areas over the stream had been specialized commercial complex for industrial tools and gears. The Restoration of the stream forced it out of Seoul and many small businesses lost their livelihood. Cheonggyecheon was rebuilt between limits of reality, in which living nature could hardly survive. The result is destinated narrow flood plain overflowing in rainy season, costly operation and maintenance caused by pumping water up, released fishes confronted by death, and ecosystem interfered by people who want to enjoy new Disneyland.

According to recent research about the ecological datum in Cheonggyecheon and Han River, the upper areas are close to urban entertainment facility and the downstream areas fulfill the conditions to be a natural stream. The upper area has very neat scenery with big limestone but it does not fit on condition for the natural stream and it functions as urban waterfront. The sediments are deposited along the stream and results the better surroundings for native creatures. Furthermore the downstream has pretty much larger flood plain and the spot connecting to Han River, Eco-reserve areas. Thorough the full range of the stream, there is no regard for bird habits and benthic macro-invertebrate. Culturally the upper stream is surrounded by CBD and huge market area and the downstream passes by residential areas. For this reason, the upper stream was planned to be historical and traditional place, even though the results does not seem like that. The upper stream is used for open place for citizens rather than for animals and plants and hundreds festivals and ceremonies are held yearly.

The restoration was projected to develop green network in Seoul, which connect the mountains in south and north including the palaces nearby and complete the circular corridors to Han River. It is devoted obviously to ecological richness but is barely said to accomplish green network. In spite of controversial situation, Cheonggyecheon contributes greatly to lower the temperature of CBD area in Seoul, averagely 3.6℃ cooler than other areas in Seoul, and provides a green place that citizens are relaxing and enjoying.

* ''dynamic through the year (you may imagine how the site looks in spring and summer, maybe you also remember it)''

The upper stream closed to my living place always stays in the same image in my memory through the year because it looks like big fish-ball. There are big exhibition like lantern festival in winter time and children having fun in the water in summer. You could see people chatting with their colleagues in daytime and taking a walk along the stream at night on the way from their work. The critical reason that the stream could retain its neat outlook is cleaning service by city government. The stream was maintained like government building through sweeping and rubbing.

* ''highlight potentials and problems''

CCheonggyecheon has little quatity of flow because it is originally a dry stream and the large of the basin is impervious. In a result, it artificially pumps water up from Han River and underground. The drawing process costs averagely 600,000EUR per year. Furthermore this operation causes water-bloom. The cost for maintenance was 6,000,000EUR in 2011 and has increased continuously. On the other hand, impermeable covered-up pavement in CBD nearby Cheonggyecheon causes over-flood in summer monsoon. Followed by climate change, the amount of rainfall in summer monsoon increases dramatically and features pouring a large amount of rainfall in a short period of time. Additionally huge size of square was built nearby with waterproof material. This situation drives disputes about natural function of the stream as a discharger.

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="200px" heights="200px" perrow="4">
Image:Biotopes.png|Connecting Biontopes in Seoul
Image:Upperarea.png|The Upper areas of stream
Image:Toward_the_mouth.png|Toward the mouth
Image:Fourseasons.png|Four Seasons
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
* ''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) for your case and take the following aspects into account:''
** ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|projective drawing 1
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|projective drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|projective drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|projective drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
''Please summarize your case and give arguments for your projective design (approx 150 words).''

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Cross_Sectional_drawing.png|Standard Cross Sectional Drawing
Image:Standard_planting_plan.png|Planting Plan
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|image 4
</gallery>

== References ==
''* ''Seoul Metropolitan Government(2006), The Restoration of Cheonggyecheon White Paper''

''* ''Seoul Metropolitan Government(2012), The Han-River Ecology Report''

''* Please add internet links to other resources if necessary.''

----
[[Category:Planting Design 2013 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Planting Design 2013 Working Group 6 - Case Study A

2013-11-30T06:36:07Z

Hyeyoon Choi: /* Author's perspective */

---> back to group page [[Planting_Design_2013_-_Working_Group_6|working group 6]]

'''''Cheonggyecheon: Image of Nature in the Metropolis'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Cheonggyecheon''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Seoul''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Korea, Republic of''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''add author''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Korea-Seoul-Cheonggyecheon-2008-01.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|<googlemap version="0.9" lat="37.569464" lon="127.001975" type="satellite" zoom="13" width="300" height="250" selector="no" controls="small">
</googlemap>
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

''There was historical restoration of a small stream, Cheonggyecheon, in the center of Seoul in 2003. Right now, Cheonggyecheon is very famous landmark in Seoul and citizens and tourists love this place. However it looks more like “Disneyland-fication” than natural stream restoration. Environmental activist criticize the output of restoration because it is far from natural stream and costs a lot for maintenance. Cheonggyecheon is still controversial issue. The appearance of restored Cheonggyecheon is ideal but not practical. I have never been living out of City, and actually I have spent the most of my life time in Seoul, huge metropolis. As a result, I am not sure how to implant Image of Nature in the City Area, where a prototype of nature can merely survive. Studying the restoration project of Cheonggyecheon, I want to look for the answer of it.

== Author's perspective ==
''From which professional background/perspective are your documenting this case?''

I was born in developing country and live in developed country. Based on my experience in high speed urbanization, I try to light on the image of urban stream. As a civil and environmental engineer, it is impossible to overlook the natural function of the stream to study restoration project.

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==
*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''

Cheonggyecheon is natural ephemeral stream across the city of Seoul, which has been the capital of Korea since 1392, and functions as discharger of heavy rainfall in summer monsoon. It has been dredged for the sake of preventing flood for more than 600 years and its name, Cheonggyecheon, is also originated from the meaning of “dredge a stream”. In 1770s, the stream was straightened in the process of dredging. After Korean War, the poor people settled nearby the stream and it had been slummed through the age of industrial revolution. The stream was extremely polluted by chemicals and sewage. The stream had been covered up since 1930s and the overpass was constructed over the stream in 1970. In 2000s, according to deterioration and safety problem of the overpass, the government of Seoul city decided to restoration of Cheonggyecheon and the construction was fulfilled in 2005 followed by 26 months of rushing construction. 270Million Euro had been spent to restore 5.8km long stream. The running waters are leaded from groundwater fountain in subway and the Intake station in Han River because there is naturally no running water on the stream except monsoon season.

The restoration of Cheonggyecheon was planned to connect biotopes in Seoul. The CBD, Cheonggyecheon cuts through, is surrounded by Mountains and palaces functioning core patch of ecosystem and the end of Cheonggyecheon flows into Han River. The restored stream is vertically consisted of wetland, flood plain, revetment, and the terrace land and the large range of plant from submerged plants to roadside trees was planted on each site. 288 species of animals and 366 species of plants inhabit along the stream.(2012, 7th Han River Ecology Report). The upper region has a simplified water bed and the velocity of fluid is quite high. The plants bed is well manicured but the lack of diversity is remarkable. The feature of inhabitants becomes more natural toward the mouth of the stream and at the mouth of the stream is only area where amphibian and reptile live.

The starting point of Cheonggyecheon is sited on historical center of the Seoul, inside of the old castle. The upper stream is mixed zone with the historical palaces and high-rise buildings so it is conceptualized as historical and tradition section. The stream flows into the Han River and the mouth of the stream has abundant natural resources, and this area is planned as natural and future section. The middle of the stream lies on very hot market place and became a cultural and modern section. The direction of restoration does not completely correspond to ecological restoration but Cheonggyecheon gains great popularity as urban park. Especially the upper areas are used for festival, exhibition, and routine trail for citizens.

<gallery caption="Illustration " widths="200px" heights="200px" perrow="4">
Image:1930.png|''1930s''
Image:JC.JPG|''Slummed Area before cover-up''
Image:Overpass.jpg|''Overpass from 1976 to 2003''
Image:Restorationplan.png|''Restoration Plan''
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case and take the following aspects into account:''
* ''natural dynamic versus cultural framework - in how far do these two forces come together in your case?''

Image of nature reflecting on the restoration of Cheonggyecheon shows that it is almost impossible to reproduce the nature already ruined. Although the rebirth of Cheonggyecheon means the change of paradigm about value of nature in society, it still remains in the object that people uses and enjoys. The nature is reinterpreteted without primitive function and dominated by cultural text as what is like in their imagination. Practically it is merely possible to recreate primitive stream in the center of highly concentrated urban area. About 50% of Koreans live in metropolitan area, inside of and nearby in Seoul, and 20% of Koreans live in Seoul. The areas that Cheonggyecheon laid on is the most highly developed areas. It is merely founded unpaved ground except palaces and mountains. The percentage of impervious areas in Cheonggyecheon reaches 71.5%, the highest among all over Korea(2013, Ministry of Environment). This means that it is very hard to have quantity of natural flow in the stream, which is supposed to be in native condition. The high-rise buildings are standing along Cheonggyecheon and the mid-stream areas are very crowded market area. In the process of the indemnification for land has born acute social issues. After covered up in 1930s, the areas over the stream had been specialized commercial complex for industrial tools and gears. The Restoration of the stream forced it out of Seoul and many small businesses lost their livelihood. Cheonggyecheon was rebuilt between limits of reality, in which living nature could hardly survive. The result is destinated narrow flood plain overflowing in rainy season, costly operation and maintenance caused by pumping water up, released fishes confronted by death, and ecosystem interfered by people who want to enjoy new Disneyland.

According to recent research about the ecological datum in Cheonggyecheon and Han River, the upper areas are close to urban entertainment facility and the downstream areas fulfill the conditions to be a natural stream. The upper area has very neat scenery with big limestone but it does not fit on condition for the natural stream and it functions as urban waterfront. The sediments are deposited along the stream and results the better surroundings for native creatures. Furthermore the downstream has pretty much larger flood plain and the spot connecting to Han River, Eco-reserve areas. Thorough the full range of the stream, there is no regard for bird habits and benthic macro-invertebrate. Culturally the upper stream is surrounded by CBD and huge market area and the downstream passes by residential areas. For this reason, the upper stream was planned to be historical and traditional place, even though the results does not seem like that. The upper stream is used for open place for citizens rather than for animals and plants and hundreds festivals and ceremonies are held yearly.

The restoration was projected to develop green network in Seoul, which connect the mountains in south and north including the palaces nearby and complete the circular corridors to Han River. It is devoted obviously to ecological richness but is barely said to accomplish green network. In spite of controversial situation, Cheonggyecheon contributes greatly to lower the temperature of CBD area in Seoul, averagely 3.6℃ cooler than other areas in Seoul, and provides a green place that citizens are relaxing and enjoying.

* ''dynamic through the year (you may imagine how the site looks in spring and summer, maybe you also remember it)''

The upper stream closed to my living place always stays in the same image in my memory through the year because it looks like big fountain show. There are big exhibition like lantern festival in winter time and children having fun in the water in summer. You could see people chatting with their colleagues in daytime and taking a walk along the stream at night on the way from their work. The critical reason that the stream could retain its neat outlook is cleaning service by city government. The stream was maintained like government building through sweeping and rubbing.

* ''highlight potentials and problems''

CCheonggyecheon has little quatity of flow because it is originally a dry stream and the large of the basin is impervious. In a result, it artificially pumps water up from Han River and underground. The drawing process costs averagely 600,000EUR per year. Furthermore this operation causes water-bloom. The cost for maintenance was 6,000,000EUR in 2011 and has increased continuously. On the other hand, impermeable covered-up pavement in CBD nearby Cheonggyecheon causes over-flood in summer monsoon. Followed by climate change, the amount of rainfall in summer monsoon increases dramatically and features pouring a large amount of rainfall in a short period of time. Additionally huge size of square was built nearby with waterproof material. This situation drives disputes about natural function of the stream as a discharger.

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="200px" heights="200px" perrow="4">
Image:Biotopes.png|Connecting Biontopes in Seoul
Image:Upperarea.png|The Upper areas of stream
Image:Toward_the_mouth.png|Toward the mouth
Image:Fourseasons.png|Four Seasons
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
* ''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) for your case and take the following aspects into account:''
** ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|projective drawing 1
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|projective drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|projective drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|projective drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
''Please summarize your case and give arguments for your projective design (approx 150 words).''

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Cross_Sectional_drawing.png|Standard Cross Sectional Drawing
Image:Standard_planting_plan.png|Planting Plan
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|image 4
</gallery>

== References ==
''* ''Seoul Metropolitan Government(2006), The Restoration of Cheonggyecheon White Paper''

''* ''Seoul Metropolitan Government(2012), The Han-River Ecology Report''

''* Please add internet links to other resources if necessary.''

----
[[Category:Planting Design 2013 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

File:Biotopes.png

2013-11-30T06:08:41Z

Hyeyoon Choi: uploaded a new version of "File:Biotopes.png"

Planting Design 2013 Working Group 6 - Case Study A

2013-11-30T06:06:12Z

Hyeyoon Choi: /* Analytical drawings */

---> back to group page [[Planting_Design_2013_-_Working_Group_6|working group 6]]

'''''Cheonggyecheon: Image of Nature in the Metropolis'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Cheonggyecheon''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Seoul''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Korea, Republic of''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''add author''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Korea-Seoul-Cheonggyecheon-2008-01.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|<googlemap version="0.9" lat="37.569464" lon="127.001975" type="satellite" zoom="13" width="300" height="250" selector="no" controls="small">
</googlemap>
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

''There was historical restoration of a small stream, Cheonggyecheon, in the center of Seoul in 2003. Right now, Cheonggyecheon is very famous landmark in Seoul and citizens and tourists love this place. However it looks more like “Disneyland-fication” than natural stream restoration. Environmental activist criticize the output of restoration because it is far from natural stream and costs a lot for maintenance. Cheonggyecheon is still controversial issue. The appearance of restored Cheonggyecheon is ideal but not practical. I have never been living out of City, and actually I have spent the most of my life time in Seoul, huge metropolis. As a result, I am not sure how to implant Image of Nature in the City Area, where a prototype of nature can merely survive. Studying the restoration project of Cheonggyecheon, I want to look for the answer of it.

== Author's perspective ==
''From which professional background/perspective are your documenting this case?''

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==
*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''

Cheonggyecheon is natural ephemeral stream across the city of Seoul, which has been the capital of Korea since 1392, and functions as discharger of heavy rainfall in summer monsoon. It has been dredged for the sake of preventing flood for more than 600 years and its name, Cheonggyecheon, is also originated from the meaning of “dredge a stream”. In 1770s, the stream was straightened in the process of dredging. After Korean War, the poor people settled nearby the stream and it had been slummed through the age of industrial revolution. The stream was extremely polluted by chemicals and sewage. The stream had been covered up since 1930s and the overpass was constructed over the stream in 1970. In 2000s, according to deterioration and safety problem of the overpass, the government of Seoul city decided to restoration of Cheonggyecheon and the construction was fulfilled in 2005 followed by 26 months of rushing construction. 270Million Euro had been spent to restore 5.8km long stream. The running waters are leaded from groundwater fountain in subway and the Intake station in Han River because there is naturally no running water on the stream except monsoon season.

The restoration of Cheonggyecheon was planned to connect biotopes in Seoul. The CBD, Cheonggyecheon cuts through, is surrounded by Mountains and palaces functioning core patch of ecosystem and the end of Cheonggyecheon flows into Han River. The restored stream is vertically consisted of wetland, flood plain, revetment, and the terrace land and the large range of plant from submerged plants to roadside trees was planted on each site. 288 species of animals and 366 species of plants inhabit along the stream.(2012, 7th Han River Ecology Report). The upper region has a simplified water bed and the velocity of fluid is quite high. The plants bed is well manicured but the lack of diversity is remarkable. The feature of inhabitants becomes more natural toward the mouth of the stream and at the mouth of the stream is only area where amphibian and reptile live.

The starting point of Cheonggyecheon is sited on historical center of the Seoul, inside of the old castle. The upper stream is mixed zone with the historical palaces and high-rise buildings so it is conceptualized as historical and tradition section. The stream flows into the Han River and the mouth of the stream has abundant natural resources, and this area is planned as natural and future section. The middle of the stream lies on very hot market place and became a cultural and modern section. The direction of restoration does not completely correspond to ecological restoration but Cheonggyecheon gains great popularity as urban park. Especially the upper areas are used for festival, exhibition, and routine trail for citizens.

<gallery caption="Illustration " widths="200px" heights="200px" perrow="4">
Image:1930.png|''1930s''
Image:JC.JPG|''Slummed Area before cover-up''
Image:Overpass.jpg|''Overpass from 1976 to 2003''
Image:Restorationplan.png|''Restoration Plan''
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case and take the following aspects into account:''
* ''natural dynamic versus cultural framework - in how far do these two forces come together in your case?''

Image of nature reflecting on the restoration of Cheonggyecheon shows that it is almost impossible to reproduce the nature already ruined. Although the rebirth of Cheonggyecheon means the change of paradigm about value of nature in society, it still remains in the object that people uses and enjoys. The nature is reinterpreteted without primitive function and dominated by cultural text as what is like in their imagination. Practically it is merely possible to recreate primitive stream in the center of highly concentrated urban area. About 50% of Koreans live in metropolitan area, inside of and nearby in Seoul, and 20% of Koreans live in Seoul. The areas that Cheonggyecheon laid on is the most highly developed areas. It is merely founded unpaved ground except palaces and mountains. The percentage of impervious areas in Cheonggyecheon reaches 71.5%, the highest among all over Korea(2013, Ministry of Environment). This means that it is very hard to have quantity of natural flow in the stream, which is supposed to be in native condition. The high-rise buildings are standing along Cheonggyecheon and the mid-stream areas are very crowded market area. In the process of the indemnification for land has born acute social issues. After covered up in 1930s, the areas over the stream had been specialized commercial complex for industrial tools and gears. The Restoration of the stream forced it out of Seoul and many small businesses lost their livelihood. Cheonggyecheon was rebuilt between limits of reality, in which living nature could hardly survive. The result is destinated narrow flood plain overflowing in rainy season, costly operation and maintenance caused by pumping water up, released fishes confronted by death, and ecosystem interfered by people who want to enjoy new Disneyland.

According to recent research about the ecological datum in Cheonggyecheon and Han River, the upper areas are close to urban entertainment facility and the downstream areas fulfill the conditions to be a natural stream. The upper area has very neat scenery with big limestone but it does not fit on condition for the natural stream and it functions as urban waterfront. The sediments are deposited along the stream and results the better surroundings for native creatures. Furthermore the downstream has pretty much larger flood plain and the spot connecting to Han River, Eco-reserve areas. Thorough the full range of the stream, there is no regard for bird habits and benthic macro-invertebrate. Culturally the upper stream is surrounded by CBD and huge market area and the downstream passes by residential areas. For this reason, the upper stream was planned to be historical and traditional place, even though the results does not seem like that. The upper stream is used for open place for citizens rather than for animals and plants and hundreds festivals and ceremonies are held yearly.

The restoration was projected to develop green network in Seoul, which connect the mountains in south and north including the palaces nearby and complete the circular corridors to Han River. It is devoted obviously to ecological richness but is barely said to accomplish green network. In spite of controversial situation, Cheonggyecheon contributes greatly to lower the temperature of CBD area in Seoul, averagely 3.6℃ cooler than other areas in Seoul, and provides a green place that citizens are relaxing and enjoying.

* ''dynamic through the year (you may imagine how the site looks in spring and summer, maybe you also remember it)''

The upper stream closed to my living place always stays in the same image in my memory through the year because it looks like big fountain show. There are big exhibition like lantern festival in winter time and children having fun in the water in summer. You could see people chatting with their colleagues in daytime and taking a walk along the stream at night on the way from their work. The critical reason that the stream could retain its neat outlook is cleaning service by city government. The stream was maintained like government building through sweeping and rubbing.

* ''highlight potentials and problems''

CCheonggyecheon has little quatity of flow because it is originally a dry stream and the large of the basin is impervious. In a result, it artificially pumps water up from Han River and underground. The drawing process costs averagely 600,000EUR per year. Furthermore this operation causes water-bloom. The cost for maintenance was 6,000,000EUR in 2011 and has increased continuously. On the other hand, impermeable covered-up pavement in CBD nearby Cheonggyecheon causes over-flood in summer monsoon. Followed by climate change, the amount of rainfall in summer monsoon increases dramatically and features pouring a large amount of rainfall in a short period of time. Additionally huge size of square was built nearby with waterproof material. This situation drives disputes about natural function of the stream as a discharger.

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="200px" heights="200px" perrow="4">
Image:Biotopes.png|Connecting Biontopes in Seoul
Image:Upperarea.png|The Upper areas of stream
Image:Toward_the_mouth.png|Toward the mouth
Image:Fourseasons.png|Four Seasons
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
* ''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) for your case and take the following aspects into account:''
** ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|projective drawing 1
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|projective drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|projective drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|projective drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
''Please summarize your case and give arguments for your projective design (approx 150 words).''

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Cross_Sectional_drawing.png|Standard Cross Sectional Drawing
Image:Standard_planting_plan.png|Planting Plan
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|image 4
</gallery>

== References ==
''* ''Seoul Metropolitan Government(2006), The Restoration of Cheonggyecheon White Paper''

''* ''Seoul Metropolitan Government(2012), The Han-River Ecology Report''

''* Please add internet links to other resources if necessary.''

----
[[Category:Planting Design 2013 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Planting Design 2013 Working Group 6 - Case Study A

2013-11-30T06:01:21Z

Hyeyoon Choi: /* Analytical drawings */

---> back to group page [[Planting_Design_2013_-_Working_Group_6|working group 6]]

'''''Cheonggyecheon: Image of Nature in the Metropolis'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Cheonggyecheon''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Seoul''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Korea, Republic of''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''add author''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Korea-Seoul-Cheonggyecheon-2008-01.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|<googlemap version="0.9" lat="37.569464" lon="127.001975" type="satellite" zoom="13" width="300" height="250" selector="no" controls="small">
</googlemap>
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

''There was historical restoration of a small stream, Cheonggyecheon, in the center of Seoul in 2003. Right now, Cheonggyecheon is very famous landmark in Seoul and citizens and tourists love this place. However it looks more like “Disneyland-fication” than natural stream restoration. Environmental activist criticize the output of restoration because it is far from natural stream and costs a lot for maintenance. Cheonggyecheon is still controversial issue. The appearance of restored Cheonggyecheon is ideal but not practical. I have never been living out of City, and actually I have spent the most of my life time in Seoul, huge metropolis. As a result, I am not sure how to implant Image of Nature in the City Area, where a prototype of nature can merely survive. Studying the restoration project of Cheonggyecheon, I want to look for the answer of it.

== Author's perspective ==
''From which professional background/perspective are your documenting this case?''

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==
*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''

Cheonggyecheon is natural ephemeral stream across the city of Seoul, which has been the capital of Korea since 1392, and functions as discharger of heavy rainfall in summer monsoon. It has been dredged for the sake of preventing flood for more than 600 years and its name, Cheonggyecheon, is also originated from the meaning of “dredge a stream”. In 1770s, the stream was straightened in the process of dredging. After Korean War, the poor people settled nearby the stream and it had been slummed through the age of industrial revolution. The stream was extremely polluted by chemicals and sewage. The stream had been covered up since 1930s and the overpass was constructed over the stream in 1970. In 2000s, according to deterioration and safety problem of the overpass, the government of Seoul city decided to restoration of Cheonggyecheon and the construction was fulfilled in 2005 followed by 26 months of rushing construction. 270Million Euro had been spent to restore 5.8km long stream. The running waters are leaded from groundwater fountain in subway and the Intake station in Han River because there is naturally no running water on the stream except monsoon season.

The restoration of Cheonggyecheon was planned to connect biotopes in Seoul. The CBD, Cheonggyecheon cuts through, is surrounded by Mountains and palaces functioning core patch of ecosystem and the end of Cheonggyecheon flows into Han River. The restored stream is vertically consisted of wetland, flood plain, revetment, and the terrace land and the large range of plant from submerged plants to roadside trees was planted on each site. 288 species of animals and 366 species of plants inhabit along the stream.(2012, 7th Han River Ecology Report). The upper region has a simplified water bed and the velocity of fluid is quite high. The plants bed is well manicured but the lack of diversity is remarkable. The feature of inhabitants becomes more natural toward the mouth of the stream and at the mouth of the stream is only area where amphibian and reptile live.

The starting point of Cheonggyecheon is sited on historical center of the Seoul, inside of the old castle. The upper stream is mixed zone with the historical palaces and high-rise buildings so it is conceptualized as historical and tradition section. The stream flows into the Han River and the mouth of the stream has abundant natural resources, and this area is planned as natural and future section. The middle of the stream lies on very hot market place and became a cultural and modern section. The direction of restoration does not completely correspond to ecological restoration but Cheonggyecheon gains great popularity as urban park. Especially the upper areas are used for festival, exhibition, and routine trail for citizens.

<gallery caption="Illustration " widths="200px" heights="200px" perrow="4">
Image:1930.png|''1930s''
Image:JC.JPG|''Slummed Area before cover-up''
Image:Overpass.jpg|''Overpass from 1976 to 2003''
Image:Restorationplan.png|''Restoration Plan''
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case and take the following aspects into account:''
* ''natural dynamic versus cultural framework - in how far do these two forces come together in your case?''

Image of nature reflecting on the restoration of Cheonggyecheon shows that it is almost impossible to reproduce the nature already ruined. Although the rebirth of Cheonggyecheon means the change of paradigm about value of nature in society, it still remains in the object that people uses and enjoys. The nature is reinterpreteted without primitive function and dominated by cultural text as what is like in their imagination.

Practically it is merely possible to recreate primitive stream in the center of highly concentrated urban area. About 50% of Koreans live in metropolitan area, inside of and nearby in Seoul, and 20% of Koreans live in Seoul. The areas that Cheonggyecheon laid on is the most highly developed areas. It is merely founded unpaved ground except palaces and mountains. The percentage of impervious areas in Cheonggyecheon reaches 71.5%, the highest among all over Korea(2013, Ministry of Environment). This means that it is very hard to have quantity of natural flow in the stream, which is supposed to be in native condition.

The high-rise buildings are standing along Cheonggyecheon and the mid-stream areas are very crowded market area. In the process of the indemnification for land has born acute social issues. After covered up in 1930s, the areas over the stream had been specialized commercial complex for industrial tools and gears. The Restoration of the stream forced it out of Seoul and many small businesses lost their livelihood.

Cheonggyecheon was rebuilt between limits of reality, in which living nature could hardly survive. The result is destinated narrow flood plain overflowing in rainy season, costly operation and maintenance caused by pumping water up, released fishes confronted by death, and ecosystem interfered by people who want to enjoy new Disneyland.

According to recent research about the ecological datum in Cheonggyecheon and Han River, the upper areas are close to urban entertainment facility and the downstream areas fulfill the conditions to be a natural stream. The upper area has very neat scenery with big limestone but it does not fit on condition for the natural stream and it functions as urban waterfront. The sediments are deposited along the stream and results the better surroundings for native creatures. Furthermore the downstream has pretty much larger flood plain and the spot connecting to Han River, Eco-reserve areas. Thorough the full range of the stream, there is no regard for bird habits and benthic macro-invertebrate. Culturally the upper stream is surrounded by CBD and huge market area and the downstream passes by residential areas. For this reason, the upper stream was planned to be historical and traditional place, even though the results does not seem like that. The upper stream is used for open place for citizens rather than for animals and plants and hundreds festivals and ceremonies are held yearly.

The restoration was projected to develop green network in Seoul, which connect the mountains in south and north including the palaces nearby and complete the circular corridors to Han River. It is devoted obviously to ecological richness but is barely said to accomplish green network. In spite of controversial situation, Cheonggyecheon contributes greatly to lower the temperature of CBD area in Seoul, averagely 3.6℃ cooler than other areas in Seoul, and provides a green place that citizens are relaxing and enjoying.

* ''dynamic through the year (you may imagine how the site looks in spring and summer, maybe you also remember it)''

The upper stream closed to my living place always stays in the same image in my memory through the year because it looks like big fountain show. There are big exhibition like lantern festival in winter time and children having fun in the water in summer. You could see people chatting with their colleagues in daytime and taking a walk along the stream at night on the way from their work. The critical reason that the stream could retain its neat outlook is cleaning service by city government. The stream was maintained like government building through sweeping and rubbing.

* ''highlight potentials and problems''

CCheonggyecheon has little quatity of flow because it is originally a dry stream and the large of the basin is impervious. In a result, it artificially pumps water up from Han River and underground. The drawing process costs averagely 600,000EUR per year. Furthermore this operation causes water-bloom. The cost for maintenance was 6,000,000EUR in 2011 and has increased continuously. On the other hand, impermeable covered-up pavement in CBD nearby Cheonggyecheon causes over-flood in summer monsoon. Followed by climate change, the amount of rainfall in summer monsoon increases dramatically and features pouring a large amount of rainfall in a short period of time. Additionally huge size of square was built nearby with waterproof material. This situation drives disputes about natural function of the stream as a discharger.

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="200px" heights="200px" perrow="4">
Image:Biotopes.png|Connecting Biontopes in Seoul
Image:Upperarea.png|The Upper areas of stream
Image:Toward_the_mouth.png|Toward the mouth
Image:Fourseasons.png|Four Seasons
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
* ''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) for your case and take the following aspects into account:''
** ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|projective drawing 1
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|projective drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|projective drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|projective drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
''Please summarize your case and give arguments for your projective design (approx 150 words).''

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Cross_Sectional_drawing.png|Standard Cross Sectional Drawing
Image:Standard_planting_plan.png|Planting Plan
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|image 4
</gallery>

== References ==
''* ''Seoul Metropolitan Government(2006), The Restoration of Cheonggyecheon White Paper''

''* ''Seoul Metropolitan Government(2012), The Han-River Ecology Report''

''* Please add internet links to other resources if necessary.''

----
[[Category:Planting Design 2013 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Planting Design 2013 Working Group 6 - Case Study A

2013-11-30T05:58:29Z

Hyeyoon Choi: /* Analytical drawings */

---> back to group page [[Planting_Design_2013_-_Working_Group_6|working group 6]]

'''''Cheonggyecheon: Image of Nature in the Metropolis'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Cheonggyecheon''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Seoul''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Korea, Republic of''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''add author''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Korea-Seoul-Cheonggyecheon-2008-01.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|<googlemap version="0.9" lat="37.569464" lon="127.001975" type="satellite" zoom="13" width="300" height="250" selector="no" controls="small">
</googlemap>
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

''There was historical restoration of a small stream, Cheonggyecheon, in the center of Seoul in 2003. Right now, Cheonggyecheon is very famous landmark in Seoul and citizens and tourists love this place. However it looks more like “Disneyland-fication” than natural stream restoration. Environmental activist criticize the output of restoration because it is far from natural stream and costs a lot for maintenance. Cheonggyecheon is still controversial issue. The appearance of restored Cheonggyecheon is ideal but not practical. I have never been living out of City, and actually I have spent the most of my life time in Seoul, huge metropolis. As a result, I am not sure how to implant Image of Nature in the City Area, where a prototype of nature can merely survive. Studying the restoration project of Cheonggyecheon, I want to look for the answer of it.

== Author's perspective ==
''From which professional background/perspective are your documenting this case?''

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==
*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''

Cheonggyecheon is natural ephemeral stream across the city of Seoul, which has been the capital of Korea since 1392, and functions as discharger of heavy rainfall in summer monsoon. It has been dredged for the sake of preventing flood for more than 600 years and its name, Cheonggyecheon, is also originated from the meaning of “dredge a stream”. In 1770s, the stream was straightened in the process of dredging. After Korean War, the poor people settled nearby the stream and it had been slummed through the age of industrial revolution. The stream was extremely polluted by chemicals and sewage. The stream had been covered up since 1930s and the overpass was constructed over the stream in 1970. In 2000s, according to deterioration and safety problem of the overpass, the government of Seoul city decided to restoration of Cheonggyecheon and the construction was fulfilled in 2005 followed by 26 months of rushing construction. 270Million Euro had been spent to restore 5.8km long stream. The running waters are leaded from groundwater fountain in subway and the Intake station in Han River because there is naturally no running water on the stream except monsoon season.

The restoration of Cheonggyecheon was planned to connect biotopes in Seoul. The CBD, Cheonggyecheon cuts through, is surrounded by Mountains and palaces functioning core patch of ecosystem and the end of Cheonggyecheon flows into Han River. The restored stream is vertically consisted of wetland, flood plain, revetment, and the terrace land and the large range of plant from submerged plants to roadside trees was planted on each site. 288 species of animals and 366 species of plants inhabit along the stream.(2012, 7th Han River Ecology Report). The upper region has a simplified water bed and the velocity of fluid is quite high. The plants bed is well manicured but the lack of diversity is remarkable. The feature of inhabitants becomes more natural toward the mouth of the stream and at the mouth of the stream is only area where amphibian and reptile live.

The starting point of Cheonggyecheon is sited on historical center of the Seoul, inside of the old castle. The upper stream is mixed zone with the historical palaces and high-rise buildings so it is conceptualized as historical and tradition section. The stream flows into the Han River and the mouth of the stream has abundant natural resources, and this area is planned as natural and future section. The middle of the stream lies on very hot market place and became a cultural and modern section. The direction of restoration does not completely correspond to ecological restoration but Cheonggyecheon gains great popularity as urban park. Especially the upper areas are used for festival, exhibition, and routine trail for citizens.

<gallery caption="Illustration " widths="200px" heights="200px" perrow="4">
Image:1930.png|''1930s''
Image:JC.JPG|''Slummed Area before cover-up''
Image:Overpass.jpg|''Overpass from 1976 to 2003''
Image:Restorationplan.png|''Restoration Plan''
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case and take the following aspects into account:''
* ''natural dynamic versus cultural framework - in how far do these two forces come together in your case?''

Image of nature reflecting on the restoration of Cheonggyecheon shows that it is almost impossible to reproduce the nature already ruined. Although the rebirth of Cheonggyecheon means the change of paradigm about value of nature in society, it still remains in the object that people uses and enjoys. The nature is reinterpreteted without primitive function and dominated by cultural text as what is like in their imagination.

Practically it is merely possible to recreate primitive stream in the center of highly concentrated urban area. About 50% of Koreans live in metropolitan area, inside of and nearby in Seoul, and 20% of Koreans live in Seoul. The areas that Cheonggyecheon laid on is the most highly developed areas. It is merely founded unpaved ground except palaces and mountains. The percentage of impervious areas in Cheonggyecheon reaches 71.5%, the highest among all over Korea(2013, Ministry of Environment). This means that it is very hard to have quantity of natural flow in the stream, which is supposed to be in native condition.

The high-rise buildings are standing along Cheonggyecheon and the mid-stream areas are very crowded market area. In the process of the indemnification for land has born acute social issues. After covered up in 1930s, the areas over the stream had been specialized commercial complex for industrial tools and gears. The Restoration of the stream forced it out of Seoul and many small businesses lost their livelihood.

Cheonggyecheon was rebuilt between limits of reality, in which living nature could hardly survive. The result is destinated narrow flood plain overflowing in rainy season, costly operation and maintenance caused by pumping water up, released fishes confronted by death, and ecosystem interfered by people who want to enjoy new Disneyland.

According to recent research about the ecological datum in Cheonggyecheon and Han River, the upper areas are close to urban entertainment facility and the downstream areas fulfill the conditions to be a natural stream. The upper area has very neat scenery with big limestone but it does not fit on condition for the natural stream and it functions as urban waterfront. The sediments are deposited along the stream and results the better surroundings for native creatures. Furthermore the downstream has pretty much larger flood plain and the spot connecting to Han River, Eco-reserve areas. Thorough the full range of the stream, there is no regard for bird habits and benthic macro-invertebrate.

Culturally the upper stream is surrounded by CBD and huge market area and the downstream passes by residential areas. For this reason, the upper stream was planned to be historical and traditional place, even though the results does not seem like that. The upper stream is used for open place for citizens rather than for animals and plants and hundreds festivals and ceremonies are held yearly.

The restoration was projected to develop green network in Seoul, which connect the mountains in south and North including the palaces nearby and complete the circular corridors to Han River. It is devoted obviously to ecological richness but is barely said to accomplish green network. In spite of controversial situation, Cheonggyecheon contributes greatly to lower the temperature of CBD area in Seoul, averagely 3.6℃ cooler than other areas in Seoul, and provides a green place that citizens are relaxing and enjoying.

* ''dynamic through the year (you may imagine how the site looks in spring and summer, maybe you also remember it)''

The upper stream closed to my living place always stays in the same image in my memory through the year because it looks like big fountain show. There are big exhibition like lantern festival in winter time and children having fun in the water in summer. You could see people chatting with their colleagues in daytime and taking a walk along the stream at night on the way from their work. The critical reason that the stream could retain its neat outlook is cleaning service by city government. The stream was maintained like government building through sweeping and rubbing.

* ''highlight potentials and problems''

CCheonggyecheon has little quatity of flow because it is originally a dry stream and the large of the basin is impervious. In a result, it artificially pumps water up from Han River and underground. The drawing process costs averagely 600,000EUR per year. Furthermore this operation causes water-bloom. The cost for maintenance was 6,000,000EUR in 2011 and has increased continuously. On the other hand, impermeable covered-up pavement in CBD nearby Cheonggyecheon causes over-flood in summer monsoon. Followed by climate change, the amount of rainfall in summer monsoon increases dramatically and features pouring a large amount of rainfall in a short period of time. Additionally huge size of square was built nearby with waterproof material. This situation drives disputes about natural function of the stream as a discharger.

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="200px" heights="200px" perrow="4">
Image:Biotopes.png|Connecting Biontopes in Seoul
Image:Upperarea.png|The Upper areas of stream
Image:Toward_the_mouth.png|Toward the mouth
Image:Fourseasons.png|Four Seasons
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
* ''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) for your case and take the following aspects into account:''
** ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|projective drawing 1
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|projective drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|projective drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|projective drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
''Please summarize your case and give arguments for your projective design (approx 150 words).''

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Cross_Sectional_drawing.png|Standard Cross Sectional Drawing
Image:Standard_planting_plan.png|Planting Plan
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|image 4
</gallery>

== References ==
''* ''Seoul Metropolitan Government(2006), The Restoration of Cheonggyecheon White Paper''

''* ''Seoul Metropolitan Government(2012), The Han-River Ecology Report''

''* Please add internet links to other resources if necessary.''

----
[[Category:Planting Design 2013 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Planting Design 2013 Working Group 6 - Case Study A

2013-11-30T05:56:25Z

Hyeyoon Choi: /* Analytical drawings */

---> back to group page [[Planting_Design_2013_-_Working_Group_6|working group 6]]

'''''Cheonggyecheon: Image of Nature in the Metropolis'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Cheonggyecheon''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Seoul''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Korea, Republic of''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''add author''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Korea-Seoul-Cheonggyecheon-2008-01.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|<googlemap version="0.9" lat="37.569464" lon="127.001975" type="satellite" zoom="13" width="300" height="250" selector="no" controls="small">
</googlemap>
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

''There was historical restoration of a small stream, Cheonggyecheon, in the center of Seoul in 2003. Right now, Cheonggyecheon is very famous landmark in Seoul and citizens and tourists love this place. However it looks more like “Disneyland-fication” than natural stream restoration. Environmental activist criticize the output of restoration because it is far from natural stream and costs a lot for maintenance. Cheonggyecheon is still controversial issue. The appearance of restored Cheonggyecheon is ideal but not practical. I have never been living out of City, and actually I have spent the most of my life time in Seoul, huge metropolis. As a result, I am not sure how to implant Image of Nature in the City Area, where a prototype of nature can merely survive. Studying the restoration project of Cheonggyecheon, I want to look for the answer of it.

== Author's perspective ==
''From which professional background/perspective are your documenting this case?''

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==
*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''

Cheonggyecheon is natural ephemeral stream across the city of Seoul, which has been the capital of Korea since 1392, and functions as discharger of heavy rainfall in summer monsoon. It has been dredged for the sake of preventing flood for more than 600 years and its name, Cheonggyecheon, is also originated from the meaning of “dredge a stream”. In 1770s, the stream was straightened in the process of dredging. After Korean War, the poor people settled nearby the stream and it had been slummed through the age of industrial revolution. The stream was extremely polluted by chemicals and sewage. The stream had been covered up since 1930s and the overpass was constructed over the stream in 1970. In 2000s, according to deterioration and safety problem of the overpass, the government of Seoul city decided to restoration of Cheonggyecheon and the construction was fulfilled in 2005 followed by 26 months of rushing construction. 270Million Euro had been spent to restore 5.8km long stream. The running waters are leaded from groundwater fountain in subway and the Intake station in Han River because there is naturally no running water on the stream except monsoon season.

The restoration of Cheonggyecheon was planned to connect biotopes in Seoul. The CBD, Cheonggyecheon cuts through, is surrounded by Mountains and palaces functioning core patch of ecosystem and the end of Cheonggyecheon flows into Han River. The restored stream is vertically consisted of wetland, flood plain, revetment, and the terrace land and the large range of plant from submerged plants to roadside trees was planted on each site. 288 species of animals and 366 species of plants inhabit along the stream.(2012, 7th Han River Ecology Report). The upper region has a simplified water bed and the velocity of fluid is quite high. The plants bed is well manicured but the lack of diversity is remarkable. The feature of inhabitants becomes more natural toward the mouth of the stream and at the mouth of the stream is only area where amphibian and reptile live.

The starting point of Cheonggyecheon is sited on historical center of the Seoul, inside of the old castle. The upper stream is mixed zone with the historical palaces and high-rise buildings so it is conceptualized as historical and tradition section. The stream flows into the Han River and the mouth of the stream has abundant natural resources, and this area is planned as natural and future section. The middle of the stream lies on very hot market place and became a cultural and modern section. The direction of restoration does not completely correspond to ecological restoration but Cheonggyecheon gains great popularity as urban park. Especially the upper areas are used for festival, exhibition, and routine trail for citizens.

<gallery caption="Illustration " widths="200px" heights="200px" perrow="4">
Image:1930.png|''1930s''
Image:JC.JPG|''Slummed Area before cover-up''
Image:Overpass.jpg|''Overpass from 1976 to 2003''
Image:Restorationplan.png|''Restoration Plan''
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case and take the following aspects into account:''
* ''natural dynamic versus cultural framework - in how far do these two forces come together in your case?''

Image of nature reflecting on the restoration of Cheonggyecheon shows that it is almost impossible to reproduce the nature already ruined. Although the rebirth of Cheonggyecheon means the change of paradigm about value of nature in society, it still remains in the object that people uses and enjoys. The nature is reinterpreteted without primitive function and dominated by cultural text as what is like in their imagination.

Practically it is merely possible to recreate primitive stream in the center of highly concentrated urban area. About 50% of Koreans live in metropolitan area, inside of and nearby in Seoul, and 20% of Koreans live in Seoul. The areas that Cheonggyecheon laid on is the most highly developed areas. It is merely founded unpaved ground except palaces and mountains. The percentage of impervious areas in Cheonggyecheon reaches 71.5%, the highest among all over Korea(2013, Ministry of Environment). This means that it is very hard to have quantity of natural flow in the stream, which is supposed to be in native condition.

The high-rise buildings are standing along Cheonggyecheon and the mid-stream areas are very crowded market area. In the process of the indemnification for land has born acute social issues. After covered up in 1930s, the areas over the stream had been specialized commercial complex for industrial tools and gears. The Restoration of the stream forced it out of Seoul and many small businesses lost their livelihood.

Cheonggyecheon was rebuilt between limits of reality, in which living nature could hardly survive. The result is destinated narrow flood plain overflowing in rainy season, costly operation and maintenance caused by pumping water up, released fishes confronted by death, and ecosystem interfered by people who want to enjoy new Disneyland.

According to recent research about the ecological datum in Cheonggyecheon and Han River, the upper areas are close to urban entertainment facility and the downstream areas fulfill the conditions to be a natural stream. The upper area has very neat scenery with big limestone but it does not fit on condition for the natural stream and it functions as urban waterfront. The sediments are deposited along the stream and results the better surroundings for native creatures. Furthermore the downstream has pretty much larger flood plain and the spot connecting to Han River is Eco-reserve areas. Thorough the full range of the stream, there is no regard for bird habits and benthic macro-invertebrate.

Culturally the upper stream is surrounded by CBD and huge market area and the downstream passes by residential areas. For this reason, the upper stream was planned to be historical and traditional place, even though the results does not seem like that. The upper stream is used for open place for citizens rather than for animals and plants and hundreds festivals and ceremonies are held yearly.

The restoration was projected to develop green network in Seoul, which connect the mountains in south and North including the palaces nearby and complete the circular corridors to Han River. It is devoted obviously to ecological richness but is barely said to accomplish green network. In spite of controversial situation, Cheonggyecheon contributes greatly to lower the temperature of CBD area in Seoul, averagely 3.6℃ cooler than other areas in Seoul, and provides a green place that citizens are relaxing and enjoying.

* ''dynamic through the year (you may imagine how the site looks in spring and summer, maybe you also remember it)''

The upper stream closed to my living place always stays in the same image in my memory through the year because it looks like big fountain show. There are big exhibition like lantern festival in winter time and children having fun in the water in summer. You could see people chatting with their colleagues in daytime and taking a walk along the stream at night on the way from their work. The critical reason that the stream could retain its neat outlook is cleaning service by city government. The stream was maintained like government building through sweeping and rubbing.

* ''highlight potentials and problems''

CCheonggyecheon has little quatity of flow because it is originally a dry stream and the large of the basin is impervious. In a result, it artificially pumps water up from Han River and underground. The drawing process costs averagely 600,000EUR per year. Furthermore this operation causes water-bloom. The cost for maintenance was 6,000,000EUR in 2011 and has increased continuously. On the other hand, impermeable covered-up pavement in CBD nearby Cheonggyecheon causes over-flood in summer monsoon. Followed by climate change, the amount of rainfall in summer monsoon increases dramatically and features pouring a large amount of rainfall in a short period of time. Additionally huge size of square was built nearby with waterproof material. This situation drives disputes about natural function of the stream as a discharger.

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="200px" heights="200px" perrow="4">
Image:Biotopes.png|Connecting Biontopes in Seoul
Image:Upperarea.png|The Upper areas of stream
Image:Toward_the_mouth.png|Toward the mouth
Image:Fourseasons.png|Four Seasons
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
* ''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) for your case and take the following aspects into account:''
** ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|projective drawing 1
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|projective drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|projective drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|projective drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
''Please summarize your case and give arguments for your projective design (approx 150 words).''

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Cross_Sectional_drawing.png|Standard Cross Sectional Drawing
Image:Standard_planting_plan.png|Planting Plan
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|image 4
</gallery>

== References ==
''* ''Seoul Metropolitan Government(2006), The Restoration of Cheonggyecheon White Paper''

''* ''Seoul Metropolitan Government(2012), The Han-River Ecology Report''

''* Please add internet links to other resources if necessary.''

----
[[Category:Planting Design 2013 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Planting Design 2013 Working Group 6 - Case Study A

2013-11-30T05:52:10Z

Hyeyoon Choi: /* Analytical drawings */

---> back to group page [[Planting_Design_2013_-_Working_Group_6|working group 6]]

'''''Cheonggyecheon: Image of Nature in the Metropolis'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Cheonggyecheon''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Seoul''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Korea, Republic of''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''add author''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Korea-Seoul-Cheonggyecheon-2008-01.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|<googlemap version="0.9" lat="37.569464" lon="127.001975" type="satellite" zoom="13" width="300" height="250" selector="no" controls="small">
</googlemap>
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

''There was historical restoration of a small stream, Cheonggyecheon, in the center of Seoul in 2003. Right now, Cheonggyecheon is very famous landmark in Seoul and citizens and tourists love this place. However it looks more like “Disneyland-fication” than natural stream restoration. Environmental activist criticize the output of restoration because it is far from natural stream and costs a lot for maintenance. Cheonggyecheon is still controversial issue. The appearance of restored Cheonggyecheon is ideal but not practical. I have never been living out of City, and actually I have spent the most of my life time in Seoul, huge metropolis. As a result, I am not sure how to implant Image of Nature in the City Area, where a prototype of nature can merely survive. Studying the restoration project of Cheonggyecheon, I want to look for the answer of it.

== Author's perspective ==
''From which professional background/perspective are your documenting this case?''

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==
*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''

Cheonggyecheon is natural ephemeral stream across the city of Seoul, which has been the capital of Korea since 1392, and functions as discharger of heavy rainfall in summer monsoon. It has been dredged for the sake of preventing flood for more than 600 years and its name, Cheonggyecheon, is also originated from the meaning of “dredge a stream”. In 1770s, the stream was straightened in the process of dredging. After Korean War, the poor people settled nearby the stream and it had been slummed through the age of industrial revolution. The stream was extremely polluted by chemicals and sewage. The stream had been covered up since 1930s and the overpass was constructed over the stream in 1970. In 2000s, according to deterioration and safety problem of the overpass, the government of Seoul city decided to restoration of Cheonggyecheon and the construction was fulfilled in 2005 followed by 26 months of rushing construction. 270Million Euro had been spent to restore 5.8km long stream. The running waters are leaded from groundwater fountain in subway and the Intake station in Han River because there is naturally no running water on the stream except monsoon season.

The restoration of Cheonggyecheon was planned to connect biotopes in Seoul. The CBD, Cheonggyecheon cuts through, is surrounded by Mountains and palaces functioning core patch of ecosystem and the end of Cheonggyecheon flows into Han River. The restored stream is vertically consisted of wetland, flood plain, revetment, and the terrace land and the large range of plant from submerged plants to roadside trees was planted on each site. 288 species of animals and 366 species of plants inhabit along the stream.(2012, 7th Han River Ecology Report). The upper region has a simplified water bed and the velocity of fluid is quite high. The plants bed is well manicured but the lack of diversity is remarkable. The feature of inhabitants becomes more natural toward the mouth of the stream and at the mouth of the stream is only area where amphibian and reptile live.

The starting point of Cheonggyecheon is sited on historical center of the Seoul, inside of the old castle. The upper stream is mixed zone with the historical palaces and high-rise buildings so it is conceptualized as historical and tradition section. The stream flows into the Han River and the mouth of the stream has abundant natural resources, and this area is planned as natural and future section. The middle of the stream lies on very hot market place and became a cultural and modern section. The direction of restoration does not completely correspond to ecological restoration but Cheonggyecheon gains great popularity as urban park. Especially the upper areas are used for festival, exhibition, and routine trail for citizens.

<gallery caption="Illustration " widths="200px" heights="200px" perrow="4">
Image:1930.png|''1930s''
Image:JC.JPG|''Slummed Area before cover-up''
Image:Overpass.jpg|''Overpass from 1976 to 2003''
Image:Restorationplan.png|''Restoration Plan''
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case and take the following aspects into account:''
* ''natural dynamic versus cultural framework - in how far do these two forces come together in your case?''

Image of nature reflecting on the restoration of Cheonggyecheon shows that it is almost impossible to reproduce the nature already ruined. Although the rebirth of Cheonggyecheon means the change of paradigm about value of nature in society, it still remains in the object that people uses and enjoys. The nature is reinterpreteted without primitive function and dominated by cultural text as what is like in their imagination.

Practically it is merely possible to recreate primitive stream in the center of highly concentrated urban area. About 50% of Koreans live in metropolitan area, inside of and nearby in Seoul, and 20% of Koreans live in Seoul. The areas that Cheonggyecheon laid on is the most highly developed areas. It is merely founded unpaved ground except palaces and mountains. The percentage of impervious areas in Cheonggyecheon reaches 71.5%, the highest among all over Korea(2013, Ministry of Environment). This means that it is very hard to have quantity of natural flow in the stream, which is supposed to be in native condition.

The high-rise buildings are standing along Cheonggyecheon and the mid-stream areas are very crowded market area. In the process of the indemnification for land has born acute social issues. After covered up in 1930s, the areas over the stream had been specialized commercial complex for industrial tools and gears. The Restoration of the stream forced it out of Seoul and many small businesses lost their livelihood.

Cheonggyecheon was rebuilt between limits of reality, which living nature could hardly survive. The result is destinated narrow flood plain overflowing in rainy season, costly operation and maintenance caused by pumping water up, released fishes confronted by death, and ecosystem interfered by people who want to enjoy new Disneyland.

According to recent research about the ecological datum in Cheonggyecheon and Han River, the upper areas are close to urban entertainment facility and the downstream areas fulfill the conditions to be a natural stream. The upper area has very neat scenery with big limestone but it does not fit on condition for the natural stream and it functions as urban waterfront. The sediments are deposited along the stream and results the better surroundings for native creatures. Furthermore the downstream has pretty much larger flood plain and the spot connecting to Han River is Eco-reserve areas. Thorough the full range of the stream, there is no regard for bird habits and benthic macro-invertebrate.

Culturally the upper stream is surrounded by CBD and huge market area and the downstream passes by residential areas. For this reason, the upper stream was planned to be historical and traditional place, even though the results does not seem like that. The upper stream is used for open place for citizens rather than for animals and plants and hundreds festivals and ceremonies are held yearly.

The restoration was projected to develop green network in Seoul, which connect the mountains in south and North including the palaces nearby and complete the circular corridors to Han River. It is devoted obviously to ecological richness but is barely said to accomplish green network. In spite of controversial situation, Cheonggyecheon contributes greatly to lower the temperature of CBD area in Seoul, averagely 3.6℃ cooler than other areas in Seoul, and provides a green place that citizens are relaxing and enjoying.

* ''dynamic through the year (you may imagine how the site looks in spring and summer, maybe you also remember it)''

The upper stream closed to my living place always stays in the same image in my memory through the year because it looks like big fountain show. There are big exhibition like lantern festival in winter time and children having fun in the water in summer. You could see people chatting with their colleagues in daytime and taking a walk along the stream at night on the way from their work. The critical reason that the stream could retain its neat outlook is cleaning service by city government. The stream was maintained like government building through sweeping and rubbing.

* ''highlight potentials and problems''

CCheonggyecheon has little quatity of flow because it is originally a dry stream and the large of the basin is impervious. In a result, it artificially pumps water up from Han River and underground. The drawing process costs averagely 600,000EUR per year. Furthermore this operation causes water-bloom. The cost for maintenance was 6,000,000EUR in 2011 and has increased continuously. On the other hand, impermeable covered-up pavement in CBD nearby Cheonggyecheon causes over-flood in summer monsoon. Followed by climate change, the amount of rainfall in summer monsoon increases dramatically and features pouring a large amount of rainfall in a short period of time. Additionally huge size of square was built nearby with waterproof material. This situation drives disputes about natural function of the stream as a discharger.

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="200px" heights="200px" perrow="4">
Image:Biotopes.png|Connecting Biontopes in Seoul
Image:Upperarea.png|The Upper areas of stream
Image:Toward_the_mouth.png|Toward the mouth
Image:Fourseasons.png|Four Seasons
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
* ''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) for your case and take the following aspects into account:''
** ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|projective drawing 1
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|projective drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|projective drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|projective drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
''Please summarize your case and give arguments for your projective design (approx 150 words).''

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="250px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Cross_Sectional_drawing.png|Standard Cross Sectional Drawing
Image:Standard_planting_plan.png|Planting Plan
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|image 4
</gallery>

== References ==
''* ''Seoul Metropolitan Government(2006), The Restoration of Cheonggyecheon White Paper''

''* ''Seoul Metropolitan Government(2012), The Han-River Ecology Report''

''* Please add internet links to other resources if necessary.''

----
[[Category:Planting Design 2013 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Planting Design 2013 Working Group 6 - Case Study A

2013-11-29T10:45:43Z

Hyeyoon Choi: /* References */

Planting Design 2013 Working Group 6 - Case Study A

2013-11-29T10:32:12Z

Hyeyoon Choi: /* Image Gallery */