Wikienfk5 - User contributions [en]

Green Infrastructure 2014 Group B - Case Study 4

2015-02-24T09:45:13Z

Emamverdis: /* Image Gallery */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_B|working group B]]

'''''please add your title here'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Evin River Valley''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Iran''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Tehran''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Sanaz Emamverdi''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[File:file.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=35.753166
|lng=51.385061
|zoom=13
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

When we move from East to West of Tehran,seven major river valleys can be seen. One of the main valleys is Evin- Darakeh river valley.
River valleys in the north of the city are as deep valleys, but when they flow through the city, for the lower depth and older history of urban texture, are almost as cored cement canals. From ecological viewpoint, river-valley ecosystem is a part of the space on the ground that meets a specific arrangement of topography, land cover, hydrography, and built environment. The slopes of Alborz Mountain Range as a main origin for establishment of Tehran City provide the citizens with tourist resorts. Unsustainable development regardless of environmental considerations in Tehran in the last three decades has led to degradation of mountain ecosystem in the northern Tehran and its surrounding plains. Considering that mountains and river valleys are natural heritage and a vital source of water supply, their conservation must be the responsibility of all society members. Tehran Master Plan highly emphasis on the importance and necessity of maintaining and developing river-valleys in Tehran as a respiratory lung of the city. They are fertile habitats that support a variety of flora and fauna and play significant roles as catchments and as places for energy and wind flows to remove air pollution from the city environment, providing opportunity for connection with the natural upland–lowland context.
Therefore, the advantages of protection and using potential of ecological systems of this river-valley, providing extensive for public recreational within the urban and rural areas, providing economic benefits and protection of cultural values and heritage.

== Author's perspective ==

I have graduated with a bachelor’s degree and I have been working in a consulting firm. I have been interested in landscape and urban design.
This site is located in the capital city of Iran which I have spent most of my life there. 7 river-valleys of Tehran always were the landmarks of this city which nowadays they have been lost among the buildings and pollution. As a matter of fact, this area has the range of potentials for green infrastructure.

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''
*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

'''Biogeography'''

The seven north–south river valleys are characteristic of natural corridors of Tehran’s landscape structure. They are fertile habitats that support a variety of flora and fauna and play significant roles as catchments and as places for energy and wind flows to remove air pollutions from the city environment, providing opportunity for connection with the natural upland–lowland context. Upland areas benefit from much better conditions than lowlands due to less environmental destruction caused by urban development. The natural hydrological corridors along the river valleys face more destructive factors and have less ecological functions from north to south because of their structural modifications. Natural corridors connect many natural and built patches scattered along them. These corridors are mostly oriented in a north–south direction. The east–west ecological connections are restricted due to the morphological structure of city.

'''Climate'''

Tehran features a semi-arid, continental climate. Tehran's climate is largely defined by its geographic location, with the towering Alborz Mountains to its north and the central desert to the south. It can be generally described as mild in the spring, hot and dry in the summer, pleasant in the autumn, and cold in the winter. As a large city with significant differences in elevation among various districts, the weather is often cooler in the hilly north as compared to the flat southern part of Tehran. Summer is usually hot and dry with very little rain, but relative humidity is generally low and the nights are cool. The majority of the light annual precipitation occurs from late-autumn to mid-spring, but no one month is particularly wet. The hottest month is July (min. temp. 26°C, max. temp. 36°C) and the coldest is January (min. temp. -1°C, max. temp. 8°C). From the south toward the north, the altitude increases, from 900 meters in low areas to 1800 meters. This difference in height results in differences in weather.

'''Overall character'''

Tehran consists of three sections: mountainous, piedmont and desert. The mountainous section includes peaks over 1800 meters. The Alborz mountain chain in the north of the City, the river valleys of the Darabad, Golab Dare, Farahzad, Kan, Evin and the low hills and urban forest parks (e.g., Lavizan, Sorkhe hesar, chitgar, Quchak) are examples of primary landscape elements which are intrinsically linked with Tehran ecological network, and provide an essential sense of place which can be appreciated from many vantage points within the city. There are other more local landscape elements that can help give areas a sense of place and which can be referred to as secondary landscape elements. Among other landscape features are natural and manmade patches, which give Tehran its unique characteristics and residential and touristic values. One of its most important natural patches is northern heights which endow the city with a special natural characteristic.
From the south toward the north, the altitude increases, from 900 meters in low areas to 1800 meters. This difference in height results in differences in weather, better vegetation and beautiful countryside in the north. As one move from the south to the north, where are many changes in the natural environmental conditions, property value, access to services and social conditions.

'''History'''

Tochal peak is 3900 meters in altitude. Its main ridges overlook the southern slopes and Tehran plain, and forms small drainage basins. The rivers flowing in these basins are the life veins of the city. Water constantly flows in these basins and probably the main reason why Tehran developed is its hydro morphological conditions influenced by its northern heights. The most important basin, which covers the southern slopes of the northern heights of the city, include: Kan, Farahzad, Darakeh and Darband basins.

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:evin1.jpg|Morphology of Tehran
Image:evin2.jpg|Tehran's landscape network
Image:evin6.jpg|your visual
Image:evin4.jpg|your visual
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:evin11.jpg|Five river-valleys of Tehran and the case study area
Image:evin12.jpg|Spatial organization of corridor in present situation
Image:sh1.jpg|Potential
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''Look again at the multiple benefits of green infrastructure - what could be achieved in your site and which are most relevant?''

First, by revival of this river valley and beside greenery, they can act as air filters and city lungs. They play the role efficiency in order to reduce the air pollution. Moreover, by preparing a proper foundation for flowing water, there would be no more threatening for the water contamination. Second, fewer prices would be spent on transportation system and also less time would be wasted to arrive the recreational areas in north of Tehran, especially for near neighborhood and residential areas. Besides we would not be charged for the conservation of plants and green spaces when we put them on their natural structure and for planting because we have appropriate soil, water and plants. Third, by this revitalization, river-valleys as the only natural heritages in Alborz foothill would return to people’s life, like what Tehran has been before. It can also be the revival of people’s collective memory, original historical views and increasing the city legibility. Therefore, by revitalizing of the river-valley as a linear green infrastructure from north to south of the city, we have ecological benefits, economic benefits and social and cultural benefits together, which they are the main aspects of sustainable development.
== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Green infrastructure has typically multiple functions. What could be achieved for your site in this respect?''

River valleys and green urban spaces by providing the multi-functional spaces such as recreational, aesthetical, infrastructural, social and cultural …, have the potential to be used as one of the most efficient tools to reduce the environmental issues.
This site has the opportunity to integrate river-valleys and green spaces in a network of multi-functional areas. Then, in order to maintain the idea of reviving this river-valley and green spaces we can establish parallel linear park based on river-valley, planning and allocating appropriate situation for streets, sidewalks, bicycle trail and other necessary facilities, assigning clean and public transportation into the river-valleys to achieve a proper connectivity and using vernacular plants of Tehran in valley to maintain the original nature and many other strategies. Therefore, it could result in reducing and improving a lot of problems such as water and sewage contamination, air pollution, sonic pollution and insecurity ….

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
In the near future I hope to see:

- Preventing contamination of water along the river and maintaining the water quality by designing waste water pathways and preventing it from entering the river

- Improving the river status and coping with flood risk especially in rainy seasons by: creating protective green space on the body of deep slopes - modification reconstruction of the river wall by natural elements

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
In 10-15 years I would like to see:

- Maintaining and enhancing natural and recreational attractions by: protection of natural landscapes in the study area – identification and organization of elements with recreational values

- Recreational use of river potentials by: increasing the quality of land cover by maintenance management – protection of the gardens existing alongside the river path

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:GIDP1.jpg|proposed Green Infrastructure
Image:GIDP2.jpg|proposed Riverside

</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==

During recent years, the municipality of Tehran began to work on rehabilitation of river valleys. Three projects now are completed or near completion. This great movement can improve and develop the quality and quantity of Tehran environment, which is in a dangerous and catastrophic condition, but only if planners, designers and other decision makers pay attention to all aspects of rehabilitation, especially ecological and environmental principles like connectivity, coherent hydrology, compatible plantation, controlled interfering, considering buffer zones and so on. The river valleys often are a neglected part of Tehran’s urban landscape and most of them have tragic stories and inelegant features. Planning for their conservation and restoration should start for the remaining and unprotected rivers quickly because Tehran is the city of river valleys!

To sum up, southern slope of Alborz Mountain is one of the valuable natural heritage areas in Tehran. It is a traditional promenade for Tehran citizens and prevent sprawl of the city towards north direction. River-valleys upstream of Tehran have a determining role in ecotourism development in the city. Sustainable design of corridors and patches in the site provides the possibility of sustainable development of tourism activities of the river-valley.

== Image Gallery ==
''Please add further images/photos here''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:GIG1.jpg|your image text
Image:GIG2.jpg|your image text
Image:GIG3.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
</gallery>

== References ==

*''please add your references here''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

File:GIG3.jpg

2015-02-24T09:41:11Z

Emamverdis:

File:GIG2.jpg

2015-02-24T09:40:49Z

Emamverdis:

File:GIG1.jpg

2015-02-24T09:40:31Z

Emamverdis:

Green Infrastructure 2014 Group B - Case Study 4

2015-02-24T09:36:02Z

Emamverdis: /* Projective drawings */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_B|working group B]]

'''''please add your title here'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Evin River Valley''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Iran''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Tehran''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Sanaz Emamverdi''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[File:file.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=35.753166
|lng=51.385061
|zoom=13
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

When we move from East to West of Tehran,seven major river valleys can be seen. One of the main valleys is Evin- Darakeh river valley.
River valleys in the north of the city are as deep valleys, but when they flow through the city, for the lower depth and older history of urban texture, are almost as cored cement canals. From ecological viewpoint, river-valley ecosystem is a part of the space on the ground that meets a specific arrangement of topography, land cover, hydrography, and built environment. The slopes of Alborz Mountain Range as a main origin for establishment of Tehran City provide the citizens with tourist resorts. Unsustainable development regardless of environmental considerations in Tehran in the last three decades has led to degradation of mountain ecosystem in the northern Tehran and its surrounding plains. Considering that mountains and river valleys are natural heritage and a vital source of water supply, their conservation must be the responsibility of all society members. Tehran Master Plan highly emphasis on the importance and necessity of maintaining and developing river-valleys in Tehran as a respiratory lung of the city. They are fertile habitats that support a variety of flora and fauna and play significant roles as catchments and as places for energy and wind flows to remove air pollution from the city environment, providing opportunity for connection with the natural upland–lowland context.
Therefore, the advantages of protection and using potential of ecological systems of this river-valley, providing extensive for public recreational within the urban and rural areas, providing economic benefits and protection of cultural values and heritage.

== Author's perspective ==

I have graduated with a bachelor’s degree and I have been working in a consulting firm. I have been interested in landscape and urban design.
This site is located in the capital city of Iran which I have spent most of my life there. 7 river-valleys of Tehran always were the landmarks of this city which nowadays they have been lost among the buildings and pollution. As a matter of fact, this area has the range of potentials for green infrastructure.

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''
*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

'''Biogeography'''

The seven north–south river valleys are characteristic of natural corridors of Tehran’s landscape structure. They are fertile habitats that support a variety of flora and fauna and play significant roles as catchments and as places for energy and wind flows to remove air pollutions from the city environment, providing opportunity for connection with the natural upland–lowland context. Upland areas benefit from much better conditions than lowlands due to less environmental destruction caused by urban development. The natural hydrological corridors along the river valleys face more destructive factors and have less ecological functions from north to south because of their structural modifications. Natural corridors connect many natural and built patches scattered along them. These corridors are mostly oriented in a north–south direction. The east–west ecological connections are restricted due to the morphological structure of city.

'''Climate'''

Tehran features a semi-arid, continental climate. Tehran's climate is largely defined by its geographic location, with the towering Alborz Mountains to its north and the central desert to the south. It can be generally described as mild in the spring, hot and dry in the summer, pleasant in the autumn, and cold in the winter. As a large city with significant differences in elevation among various districts, the weather is often cooler in the hilly north as compared to the flat southern part of Tehran. Summer is usually hot and dry with very little rain, but relative humidity is generally low and the nights are cool. The majority of the light annual precipitation occurs from late-autumn to mid-spring, but no one month is particularly wet. The hottest month is July (min. temp. 26°C, max. temp. 36°C) and the coldest is January (min. temp. -1°C, max. temp. 8°C). From the south toward the north, the altitude increases, from 900 meters in low areas to 1800 meters. This difference in height results in differences in weather.

'''Overall character'''

Tehran consists of three sections: mountainous, piedmont and desert. The mountainous section includes peaks over 1800 meters. The Alborz mountain chain in the north of the City, the river valleys of the Darabad, Golab Dare, Farahzad, Kan, Evin and the low hills and urban forest parks (e.g., Lavizan, Sorkhe hesar, chitgar, Quchak) are examples of primary landscape elements which are intrinsically linked with Tehran ecological network, and provide an essential sense of place which can be appreciated from many vantage points within the city. There are other more local landscape elements that can help give areas a sense of place and which can be referred to as secondary landscape elements. Among other landscape features are natural and manmade patches, which give Tehran its unique characteristics and residential and touristic values. One of its most important natural patches is northern heights which endow the city with a special natural characteristic.
From the south toward the north, the altitude increases, from 900 meters in low areas to 1800 meters. This difference in height results in differences in weather, better vegetation and beautiful countryside in the north. As one move from the south to the north, where are many changes in the natural environmental conditions, property value, access to services and social conditions.

'''History'''

Tochal peak is 3900 meters in altitude. Its main ridges overlook the southern slopes and Tehran plain, and forms small drainage basins. The rivers flowing in these basins are the life veins of the city. Water constantly flows in these basins and probably the main reason why Tehran developed is its hydro morphological conditions influenced by its northern heights. The most important basin, which covers the southern slopes of the northern heights of the city, include: Kan, Farahzad, Darakeh and Darband basins.

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:evin1.jpg|Morphology of Tehran
Image:evin2.jpg|Tehran's landscape network
Image:evin6.jpg|your visual
Image:evin4.jpg|your visual
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:evin11.jpg|Five river-valleys of Tehran and the case study area
Image:evin12.jpg|Spatial organization of corridor in present situation
Image:sh1.jpg|Potential
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''Look again at the multiple benefits of green infrastructure - what could be achieved in your site and which are most relevant?''

First, by revival of this river valley and beside greenery, they can act as air filters and city lungs. They play the role efficiency in order to reduce the air pollution. Moreover, by preparing a proper foundation for flowing water, there would be no more threatening for the water contamination. Second, fewer prices would be spent on transportation system and also less time would be wasted to arrive the recreational areas in north of Tehran, especially for near neighborhood and residential areas. Besides we would not be charged for the conservation of plants and green spaces when we put them on their natural structure and for planting because we have appropriate soil, water and plants. Third, by this revitalization, river-valleys as the only natural heritages in Alborz foothill would return to people’s life, like what Tehran has been before. It can also be the revival of people’s collective memory, original historical views and increasing the city legibility. Therefore, by revitalizing of the river-valley as a linear green infrastructure from north to south of the city, we have ecological benefits, economic benefits and social and cultural benefits together, which they are the main aspects of sustainable development.
== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Green infrastructure has typically multiple functions. What could be achieved for your site in this respect?''

River valleys and green urban spaces by providing the multi-functional spaces such as recreational, aesthetical, infrastructural, social and cultural …, have the potential to be used as one of the most efficient tools to reduce the environmental issues.
This site has the opportunity to integrate river-valleys and green spaces in a network of multi-functional areas. Then, in order to maintain the idea of reviving this river-valley and green spaces we can establish parallel linear park based on river-valley, planning and allocating appropriate situation for streets, sidewalks, bicycle trail and other necessary facilities, assigning clean and public transportation into the river-valleys to achieve a proper connectivity and using vernacular plants of Tehran in valley to maintain the original nature and many other strategies. Therefore, it could result in reducing and improving a lot of problems such as water and sewage contamination, air pollution, sonic pollution and insecurity ….

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
In the near future I hope to see:

- Preventing contamination of water along the river and maintaining the water quality by designing waste water pathways and preventing it from entering the river

- Improving the river status and coping with flood risk especially in rainy seasons by: creating protective green space on the body of deep slopes - modification reconstruction of the river wall by natural elements

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
In 10-15 years I would like to see:

- Maintaining and enhancing natural and recreational attractions by: protection of natural landscapes in the study area – identification and organization of elements with recreational values

- Recreational use of river potentials by: increasing the quality of land cover by maintenance management – protection of the gardens existing alongside the river path

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:GIDP1.jpg|proposed Green Infrastructure
Image:GIDP2.jpg|proposed Riverside

</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==

During recent years, the municipality of Tehran began to work on rehabilitation of river valleys. Three projects now are completed or near completion. This great movement can improve and develop the quality and quantity of Tehran environment, which is in a dangerous and catastrophic condition, but only if planners, designers and other decision makers pay attention to all aspects of rehabilitation, especially ecological and environmental principles like connectivity, coherent hydrology, compatible plantation, controlled interfering, considering buffer zones and so on. The river valleys often are a neglected part of Tehran’s urban landscape and most of them have tragic stories and inelegant features. Planning for their conservation and restoration should start for the remaining and unprotected rivers quickly because Tehran is the city of river valleys!

To sum up, southern slope of Alborz Mountain is one of the valuable natural heritage areas in Tehran. It is a traditional promenade for Tehran citizens and prevent sprawl of the city towards north direction. River-valleys upstream of Tehran have a determining role in ecotourism development in the city. Sustainable design of corridors and patches in the site provides the possibility of sustainable development of tourism activities of the river-valley.

== Image Gallery ==
''Please add further images/photos here''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
</gallery>

== References ==

*''please add your references here''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

File:GIDP2.jpg

2015-02-24T09:35:00Z

Emamverdis:

Green Infrastructure 2014 Group B - Case Study 4

2015-02-24T09:31:07Z

Emamverdis: /* Projective drawings */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_B|working group B]]

'''''please add your title here'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Evin River Valley''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Iran''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Tehran''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Sanaz Emamverdi''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[File:file.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=35.753166
|lng=51.385061
|zoom=13
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

When we move from East to West of Tehran,seven major river valleys can be seen. One of the main valleys is Evin- Darakeh river valley.
River valleys in the north of the city are as deep valleys, but when they flow through the city, for the lower depth and older history of urban texture, are almost as cored cement canals. From ecological viewpoint, river-valley ecosystem is a part of the space on the ground that meets a specific arrangement of topography, land cover, hydrography, and built environment. The slopes of Alborz Mountain Range as a main origin for establishment of Tehran City provide the citizens with tourist resorts. Unsustainable development regardless of environmental considerations in Tehran in the last three decades has led to degradation of mountain ecosystem in the northern Tehran and its surrounding plains. Considering that mountains and river valleys are natural heritage and a vital source of water supply, their conservation must be the responsibility of all society members. Tehran Master Plan highly emphasis on the importance and necessity of maintaining and developing river-valleys in Tehran as a respiratory lung of the city. They are fertile habitats that support a variety of flora and fauna and play significant roles as catchments and as places for energy and wind flows to remove air pollution from the city environment, providing opportunity for connection with the natural upland–lowland context.
Therefore, the advantages of protection and using potential of ecological systems of this river-valley, providing extensive for public recreational within the urban and rural areas, providing economic benefits and protection of cultural values and heritage.

== Author's perspective ==

I have graduated with a bachelor’s degree and I have been working in a consulting firm. I have been interested in landscape and urban design.
This site is located in the capital city of Iran which I have spent most of my life there. 7 river-valleys of Tehran always were the landmarks of this city which nowadays they have been lost among the buildings and pollution. As a matter of fact, this area has the range of potentials for green infrastructure.

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''
*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

'''Biogeography'''

The seven north–south river valleys are characteristic of natural corridors of Tehran’s landscape structure. They are fertile habitats that support a variety of flora and fauna and play significant roles as catchments and as places for energy and wind flows to remove air pollutions from the city environment, providing opportunity for connection with the natural upland–lowland context. Upland areas benefit from much better conditions than lowlands due to less environmental destruction caused by urban development. The natural hydrological corridors along the river valleys face more destructive factors and have less ecological functions from north to south because of their structural modifications. Natural corridors connect many natural and built patches scattered along them. These corridors are mostly oriented in a north–south direction. The east–west ecological connections are restricted due to the morphological structure of city.

'''Climate'''

Tehran features a semi-arid, continental climate. Tehran's climate is largely defined by its geographic location, with the towering Alborz Mountains to its north and the central desert to the south. It can be generally described as mild in the spring, hot and dry in the summer, pleasant in the autumn, and cold in the winter. As a large city with significant differences in elevation among various districts, the weather is often cooler in the hilly north as compared to the flat southern part of Tehran. Summer is usually hot and dry with very little rain, but relative humidity is generally low and the nights are cool. The majority of the light annual precipitation occurs from late-autumn to mid-spring, but no one month is particularly wet. The hottest month is July (min. temp. 26°C, max. temp. 36°C) and the coldest is January (min. temp. -1°C, max. temp. 8°C). From the south toward the north, the altitude increases, from 900 meters in low areas to 1800 meters. This difference in height results in differences in weather.

'''Overall character'''

Tehran consists of three sections: mountainous, piedmont and desert. The mountainous section includes peaks over 1800 meters. The Alborz mountain chain in the north of the City, the river valleys of the Darabad, Golab Dare, Farahzad, Kan, Evin and the low hills and urban forest parks (e.g., Lavizan, Sorkhe hesar, chitgar, Quchak) are examples of primary landscape elements which are intrinsically linked with Tehran ecological network, and provide an essential sense of place which can be appreciated from many vantage points within the city. There are other more local landscape elements that can help give areas a sense of place and which can be referred to as secondary landscape elements. Among other landscape features are natural and manmade patches, which give Tehran its unique characteristics and residential and touristic values. One of its most important natural patches is northern heights which endow the city with a special natural characteristic.
From the south toward the north, the altitude increases, from 900 meters in low areas to 1800 meters. This difference in height results in differences in weather, better vegetation and beautiful countryside in the north. As one move from the south to the north, where are many changes in the natural environmental conditions, property value, access to services and social conditions.

'''History'''

Tochal peak is 3900 meters in altitude. Its main ridges overlook the southern slopes and Tehran plain, and forms small drainage basins. The rivers flowing in these basins are the life veins of the city. Water constantly flows in these basins and probably the main reason why Tehran developed is its hydro morphological conditions influenced by its northern heights. The most important basin, which covers the southern slopes of the northern heights of the city, include: Kan, Farahzad, Darakeh and Darband basins.

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:evin1.jpg|Morphology of Tehran
Image:evin2.jpg|Tehran's landscape network
Image:evin6.jpg|your visual
Image:evin4.jpg|your visual
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:evin11.jpg|Five river-valleys of Tehran and the case study area
Image:evin12.jpg|Spatial organization of corridor in present situation
Image:sh1.jpg|Potential
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''Look again at the multiple benefits of green infrastructure - what could be achieved in your site and which are most relevant?''

First, by revival of this river valley and beside greenery, they can act as air filters and city lungs. They play the role efficiency in order to reduce the air pollution. Moreover, by preparing a proper foundation for flowing water, there would be no more threatening for the water contamination. Second, fewer prices would be spent on transportation system and also less time would be wasted to arrive the recreational areas in north of Tehran, especially for near neighborhood and residential areas. Besides we would not be charged for the conservation of plants and green spaces when we put them on their natural structure and for planting because we have appropriate soil, water and plants. Third, by this revitalization, river-valleys as the only natural heritages in Alborz foothill would return to people’s life, like what Tehran has been before. It can also be the revival of people’s collective memory, original historical views and increasing the city legibility. Therefore, by revitalizing of the river-valley as a linear green infrastructure from north to south of the city, we have ecological benefits, economic benefits and social and cultural benefits together, which they are the main aspects of sustainable development.
== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Green infrastructure has typically multiple functions. What could be achieved for your site in this respect?''

River valleys and green urban spaces by providing the multi-functional spaces such as recreational, aesthetical, infrastructural, social and cultural …, have the potential to be used as one of the most efficient tools to reduce the environmental issues.
This site has the opportunity to integrate river-valleys and green spaces in a network of multi-functional areas. Then, in order to maintain the idea of reviving this river-valley and green spaces we can establish parallel linear park based on river-valley, planning and allocating appropriate situation for streets, sidewalks, bicycle trail and other necessary facilities, assigning clean and public transportation into the river-valleys to achieve a proper connectivity and using vernacular plants of Tehran in valley to maintain the original nature and many other strategies. Therefore, it could result in reducing and improving a lot of problems such as water and sewage contamination, air pollution, sonic pollution and insecurity ….

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
In the near future I hope to see:

- Preventing contamination of water along the river and maintaining the water quality by designing waste water pathways and preventing it from entering the river

- Improving the river status and coping with flood risk especially in rainy seasons by: creating protective green space on the body of deep slopes - modification reconstruction of the river wall by natural elements

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
In 10-15 years I would like to see:

- Maintaining and enhancing natural and recreational attractions by: protection of natural landscapes in the study area – identification and organization of elements with recreational values

- Recreational use of river potentials by: increasing the quality of land cover by maintenance management – protection of the gardens existing alongside the river path

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:GIDP1.jpg|proposed Green Infrastructure
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==

During recent years, the municipality of Tehran began to work on rehabilitation of river valleys. Three projects now are completed or near completion. This great movement can improve and develop the quality and quantity of Tehran environment, which is in a dangerous and catastrophic condition, but only if planners, designers and other decision makers pay attention to all aspects of rehabilitation, especially ecological and environmental principles like connectivity, coherent hydrology, compatible plantation, controlled interfering, considering buffer zones and so on. The river valleys often are a neglected part of Tehran’s urban landscape and most of them have tragic stories and inelegant features. Planning for their conservation and restoration should start for the remaining and unprotected rivers quickly because Tehran is the city of river valleys!

To sum up, southern slope of Alborz Mountain is one of the valuable natural heritage areas in Tehran. It is a traditional promenade for Tehran citizens and prevent sprawl of the city towards north direction. River-valleys upstream of Tehran have a determining role in ecotourism development in the city. Sustainable design of corridors and patches in the site provides the possibility of sustainable development of tourism activities of the river-valley.

== Image Gallery ==
''Please add further images/photos here''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
</gallery>

== References ==

*''please add your references here''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

File:GIDP1.jpg

2015-02-24T09:27:07Z

Emamverdis:

Green Infrastructure 2014 - Working Group B

2015-01-28T10:35:37Z

Emamverdis: /* Presentation Slides Assignment 3 */

--> Back to [[Working_Groups_Seminar_Green_Infrastructure_2014|working group overview]]

''Dear working group members. This is your group page and you will be completing the template gradually as we move through the seminar. Each member has an individual page for documenting his/her personal case. You can also access your template for assignment 4 (the joint design) from here. Good luck and enjoy your collaboration!
''

== Assignment 2 - Lecture Concept Map ==
*''The list with the group distribution shows you which lecture your group is supposed to document in the concept map format.''
*''Please add your collaborative concept map here by replacing the dummy image. Your map needs to have a new file name:''

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Gruppe b.jpg|''Green Infrastructure: Concepts, perceptions and its use in planning''
</gallery>

== Assignment 3 - Green infrastructure potential in your environment ==

*'''Assigned: Tuesday, October 28'''
*'''Due: Monday, December 1'''

''There is one template page for each group member. The case could be a specific site in direct vicinity or a larger area in your region. The objective is to identify structures that have the potential to become elements of a green infrastructure strategy. ''

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group B - Case Study 1|Modlin Fortress near Warsaw ]] ===

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Group B - Case Study 2|Los Caobos Park + Botanical Garden]] ===

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Group B - Case Study 3|The Eastern Suburb Industrail Memory]] ===

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Group B - Case Study 4|Darakeh-Evin River-Valley as linear green infrastructure]] ===

=== Presentation Slides Assignment 3 ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Slajd2.JPG|slide 1
Image:Slajd3.JPG|slide 2
Image:Slajd4.JPG|slide 3
Image:Slajd5.JPG|slide 4
Image:Slajd6.JPG|slide 5
Image:Slajd7.JPG|slide 6
Image:slajd8.JPG|slide 8
Image:Slajd9.JPG|slide 9
Image:Slajd10.JPG|slide 7
</gallery>

== Assignment 4 - Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design ==

*'''Assigned: Tuesday, December 2'''
*'''Due: Tuesday, January 26'''

==='''[[Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group B|Collaborative Design Working Group B]]'''===

=== Presentation Slides Collaborative Design ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Modlin_final_1.jpg|Analytical Drawings
Image:Modlin_final_2.jpg|Projective Drawings
Image:Modlin_final_3.jpg|Design Synthesis
</gallery>

----

[[Category: Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group]]

Green Infrastructure 2014 - Working Group B

2015-01-28T10:34:03Z

Emamverdis: /* Presentation Slides Assignment 3 */

--> Back to [[Working_Groups_Seminar_Green_Infrastructure_2014|working group overview]]

''Dear working group members. This is your group page and you will be completing the template gradually as we move through the seminar. Each member has an individual page for documenting his/her personal case. You can also access your template for assignment 4 (the joint design) from here. Good luck and enjoy your collaboration!
''

== Assignment 2 - Lecture Concept Map ==
*''The list with the group distribution shows you which lecture your group is supposed to document in the concept map format.''
*''Please add your collaborative concept map here by replacing the dummy image. Your map needs to have a new file name:''

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Gruppe b.jpg|''Green Infrastructure: Concepts, perceptions and its use in planning''
</gallery>

== Assignment 3 - Green infrastructure potential in your environment ==

*'''Assigned: Tuesday, October 28'''
*'''Due: Monday, December 1'''

''There is one template page for each group member. The case could be a specific site in direct vicinity or a larger area in your region. The objective is to identify structures that have the potential to become elements of a green infrastructure strategy. ''

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group B - Case Study 1|Modlin Fortress near Warsaw ]] ===

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Group B - Case Study 2|Los Caobos Park + Botanical Garden]] ===

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Group B - Case Study 3|The Eastern Suburb Industrail Memory]] ===

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Group B - Case Study 4|Darakeh-Evin River-Valley as linear green infrastructure]] ===

=== Presentation Slides Assignment 3 ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Slajd2.JPG|slide 1
Image:Slajd3.JPG|slide 2
Image:Slajd4.JPG|slide 3
Image:Slajd5.JPG|slide 4
Image:Slajd6.JPG|slide 5
Image:Slajd7.JPG|slide 6
Image:Gip8.JPG|slide 8
Image:Slajd9.JPG|slide 9
Image:Slajd10.JPG|slide 7
</gallery>

== Assignment 4 - Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design ==

*'''Assigned: Tuesday, December 2'''
*'''Due: Tuesday, January 26'''

==='''[[Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group B|Collaborative Design Working Group B]]'''===

=== Presentation Slides Collaborative Design ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Modlin_final_1.jpg|Analytical Drawings
Image:Modlin_final_2.jpg|Projective Drawings
Image:Modlin_final_3.jpg|Design Synthesis
</gallery>

----

[[Category: Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group]]

Green Infrastructure 2014 - Working Group B

2015-01-28T10:33:41Z

Emamverdis: /* Presentation Slides Assignment 3 */

--> Back to [[Working_Groups_Seminar_Green_Infrastructure_2014|working group overview]]

''Dear working group members. This is your group page and you will be completing the template gradually as we move through the seminar. Each member has an individual page for documenting his/her personal case. You can also access your template for assignment 4 (the joint design) from here. Good luck and enjoy your collaboration!
''

== Assignment 2 - Lecture Concept Map ==
*''The list with the group distribution shows you which lecture your group is supposed to document in the concept map format.''
*''Please add your collaborative concept map here by replacing the dummy image. Your map needs to have a new file name:''

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Gruppe b.jpg|''Green Infrastructure: Concepts, perceptions and its use in planning''
</gallery>

== Assignment 3 - Green infrastructure potential in your environment ==

*'''Assigned: Tuesday, October 28'''
*'''Due: Monday, December 1'''

''There is one template page for each group member. The case could be a specific site in direct vicinity or a larger area in your region. The objective is to identify structures that have the potential to become elements of a green infrastructure strategy. ''

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group B - Case Study 1|Modlin Fortress near Warsaw ]] ===

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Group B - Case Study 2|Los Caobos Park + Botanical Garden]] ===

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Group B - Case Study 3|The Eastern Suburb Industrail Memory]] ===

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Group B - Case Study 4|Darakeh-Evin River-Valley as linear green infrastructure]] ===

=== Presentation Slides Assignment 3 ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Slajd2.JPG|slide 1
Image:Slajd3.JPG|slide 2
Image:Slajd4.JPG|slide 3
Image:Slajd5.JPG|slide 4
Image:Slajd6.JPG|slide 5
Image:Slajd7.JPG|slide 6
Image:gip8.JPG|slide 8
Image:Slajd9.JPG|slide 9
Image:Slajd10.JPG|slide 7
</gallery>

== Assignment 4 - Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design ==

*'''Assigned: Tuesday, December 2'''
*'''Due: Tuesday, January 26'''

==='''[[Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group B|Collaborative Design Working Group B]]'''===

=== Presentation Slides Collaborative Design ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Modlin_final_1.jpg|Analytical Drawings
Image:Modlin_final_2.jpg|Projective Drawings
Image:Modlin_final_3.jpg|Design Synthesis
</gallery>

----

[[Category: Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group]]

File:Gip8.jpg

2015-01-28T10:33:16Z

Emamverdis:

Green Infrastructure 2014 - Working Group B

2015-01-28T10:28:10Z

Emamverdis: /* Presentation Slides Assignment 3 */

Green Infrastructure 2014 - Working Group B

2015-01-28T10:27:49Z

Emamverdis: /* Presentation Slides Assignment 3 */

--> Back to [[Working_Groups_Seminar_Green_Infrastructure_2014|working group overview]]

''Dear working group members. This is your group page and you will be completing the template gradually as we move through the seminar. Each member has an individual page for documenting his/her personal case. You can also access your template for assignment 4 (the joint design) from here. Good luck and enjoy your collaboration!
''

== Assignment 2 - Lecture Concept Map ==
*''The list with the group distribution shows you which lecture your group is supposed to document in the concept map format.''
*''Please add your collaborative concept map here by replacing the dummy image. Your map needs to have a new file name:''

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Gruppe b.jpg|''Green Infrastructure: Concepts, perceptions and its use in planning''
</gallery>

== Assignment 3 - Green infrastructure potential in your environment ==

*'''Assigned: Tuesday, October 28'''
*'''Due: Monday, December 1'''

''There is one template page for each group member. The case could be a specific site in direct vicinity or a larger area in your region. The objective is to identify structures that have the potential to become elements of a green infrastructure strategy. ''

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group B - Case Study 1|Modlin Fortress near Warsaw ]] ===

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Group B - Case Study 2|Los Caobos Park + Botanical Garden]] ===

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Group B - Case Study 3|The Eastern Suburb Industrail Memory]] ===

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Group B - Case Study 4|Darakeh-Evin River-Valley as linear green infrastructure]] ===

=== Presentation Slides Assignment 3 ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Slajd2.JPG|slide 1
Image:Slajd3.JPG|slide 2
Image:Slajd4.JPG|slide 3
Image:Slajd5.JPG|slide 4
Image:Slajd6.JPG|slide 5
Image:Slajd7.JPG|slide 6
Image:sld8.JPG|slide 8
Image:Slajd9.JPG|slide 9
Image:Slajd10.JPG|slide 7
</gallery>

== Assignment 4 - Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design ==

*'''Assigned: Tuesday, December 2'''
*'''Due: Tuesday, January 26'''

==='''[[Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group B|Collaborative Design Working Group B]]'''===

=== Presentation Slides Collaborative Design ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Modlin_final_1.jpg|Analytical Drawings
Image:Modlin_final_2.jpg|Projective Drawings
Image:Modlin_final_3.jpg|Design Synthesis
</gallery>

----

[[Category: Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group]]

Green Infrastructure 2014 - Working Group B

2015-01-28T10:27:26Z

Emamverdis: /* Presentation Slides Assignment 3 */

--> Back to [[Working_Groups_Seminar_Green_Infrastructure_2014|working group overview]]

''Dear working group members. This is your group page and you will be completing the template gradually as we move through the seminar. Each member has an individual page for documenting his/her personal case. You can also access your template for assignment 4 (the joint design) from here. Good luck and enjoy your collaboration!
''

== Assignment 2 - Lecture Concept Map ==
*''The list with the group distribution shows you which lecture your group is supposed to document in the concept map format.''
*''Please add your collaborative concept map here by replacing the dummy image. Your map needs to have a new file name:''

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Gruppe b.jpg|''Green Infrastructure: Concepts, perceptions and its use in planning''
</gallery>

== Assignment 3 - Green infrastructure potential in your environment ==

*'''Assigned: Tuesday, October 28'''
*'''Due: Monday, December 1'''

''There is one template page for each group member. The case could be a specific site in direct vicinity or a larger area in your region. The objective is to identify structures that have the potential to become elements of a green infrastructure strategy. ''

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group B - Case Study 1|Modlin Fortress near Warsaw ]] ===

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Group B - Case Study 2|Los Caobos Park + Botanical Garden]] ===

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Group B - Case Study 3|The Eastern Suburb Industrail Memory]] ===

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Group B - Case Study 4|Darakeh-Evin River-Valley as linear green infrastructure]] ===

=== Presentation Slides Assignment 3 ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Slajd2.JPG|slide 1
Image:Slajd3.JPG|slide 2
Image:Slajd4.JPG|slide 3
Image:Slajd5.JPG|slide 4
Image:Slajd6.JPG|slide 5
Image:Slajd7.JPG|slide 6
Image:sl.JPG|slide 8
Image:Slajd9.JPG|slide 9
Image:Slajd10.JPG|slide 7
</gallery>

== Assignment 4 - Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design ==

*'''Assigned: Tuesday, December 2'''
*'''Due: Tuesday, January 26'''

==='''[[Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group B|Collaborative Design Working Group B]]'''===

=== Presentation Slides Collaborative Design ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Modlin_final_1.jpg|Analytical Drawings
Image:Modlin_final_2.jpg|Projective Drawings
Image:Modlin_final_3.jpg|Design Synthesis
</gallery>

----

[[Category: Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group]]

Green Infrastructure 2014 - Working Group B

2015-01-28T10:24:40Z

Emamverdis: /* Presentation Slides Assignment 3 */

--> Back to [[Working_Groups_Seminar_Green_Infrastructure_2014|working group overview]]

''Dear working group members. This is your group page and you will be completing the template gradually as we move through the seminar. Each member has an individual page for documenting his/her personal case. You can also access your template for assignment 4 (the joint design) from here. Good luck and enjoy your collaboration!
''

== Assignment 2 - Lecture Concept Map ==
*''The list with the group distribution shows you which lecture your group is supposed to document in the concept map format.''
*''Please add your collaborative concept map here by replacing the dummy image. Your map needs to have a new file name:''

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Gruppe b.jpg|''Green Infrastructure: Concepts, perceptions and its use in planning''
</gallery>

== Assignment 3 - Green infrastructure potential in your environment ==

*'''Assigned: Tuesday, October 28'''
*'''Due: Monday, December 1'''

''There is one template page for each group member. The case could be a specific site in direct vicinity or a larger area in your region. The objective is to identify structures that have the potential to become elements of a green infrastructure strategy. ''

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group B - Case Study 1|Modlin Fortress near Warsaw ]] ===

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Group B - Case Study 2|Los Caobos Park + Botanical Garden]] ===

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Group B - Case Study 3|The Eastern Suburb Industrail Memory]] ===

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Group B - Case Study 4|Darakeh-Evin River-Valley as linear green infrastructure]] ===

=== Presentation Slides Assignment 3 ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Slajd2.JPG|slide 1
Image:Slajd3.JPG|slide 2
Image:Slajd4.JPG|slide 3
Image:Slajd5.JPG|slide 4
Image:Slajd6.JPG|slide 5
Image:Slajd7.JPG|slide 6
Image:sld8.JPG|slide 8
Image:Slajd9.JPG|slide 9
Image:Slajd10.JPG|slide 7
</gallery>

== Assignment 4 - Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design ==

*'''Assigned: Tuesday, December 2'''
*'''Due: Tuesday, January 26'''

==='''[[Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group B|Collaborative Design Working Group B]]'''===

=== Presentation Slides Collaborative Design ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Modlin_final_1.jpg|Analytical Drawings
Image:Modlin_final_2.jpg|Projective Drawings
Image:Modlin_final_3.jpg|Design Synthesis
</gallery>

----

[[Category: Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group]]

Green Infrastructure 2014 - Working Group B

2015-01-28T10:24:24Z

Emamverdis: /* Presentation Slides Assignment 3 */

--> Back to [[Working_Groups_Seminar_Green_Infrastructure_2014|working group overview]]

''Dear working group members. This is your group page and you will be completing the template gradually as we move through the seminar. Each member has an individual page for documenting his/her personal case. You can also access your template for assignment 4 (the joint design) from here. Good luck and enjoy your collaboration!
''

== Assignment 2 - Lecture Concept Map ==
*''The list with the group distribution shows you which lecture your group is supposed to document in the concept map format.''
*''Please add your collaborative concept map here by replacing the dummy image. Your map needs to have a new file name:''

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Gruppe b.jpg|''Green Infrastructure: Concepts, perceptions and its use in planning''
</gallery>

== Assignment 3 - Green infrastructure potential in your environment ==

*'''Assigned: Tuesday, October 28'''
*'''Due: Monday, December 1'''

''There is one template page for each group member. The case could be a specific site in direct vicinity or a larger area in your region. The objective is to identify structures that have the potential to become elements of a green infrastructure strategy. ''

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group B - Case Study 1|Modlin Fortress near Warsaw ]] ===

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Group B - Case Study 2|Los Caobos Park + Botanical Garden]] ===

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Group B - Case Study 3|The Eastern Suburb Industrail Memory]] ===

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Group B - Case Study 4|Darakeh-Evin River-Valley as linear green infrastructure]] ===

=== Presentation Slides Assignment 3 ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Slajd2.JPG|slide 1
Image:Slajd3.JPG|slide 2
Image:Slajd4.JPG|slide 3
Image:Slajd5.JPG|slide 4
Image:Slajd6.JPG|slide 5
Image:Slajd7.JPG|slide 6
Image:1.JPG|slide 8
Image:Slajd9.JPG|slide 9
Image:Slajd10.JPG|slide 7
</gallery>

== Assignment 4 - Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design ==

*'''Assigned: Tuesday, December 2'''
*'''Due: Tuesday, January 26'''

==='''[[Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group B|Collaborative Design Working Group B]]'''===

=== Presentation Slides Collaborative Design ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Modlin_final_1.jpg|Analytical Drawings
Image:Modlin_final_2.jpg|Projective Drawings
Image:Modlin_final_3.jpg|Design Synthesis
</gallery>

----

[[Category: Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group]]

Green Infrastructure 2014 - Working Group B

2015-01-28T10:23:34Z

Emamverdis: /* Presentation Slides Assignment 3 */

--> Back to [[Working_Groups_Seminar_Green_Infrastructure_2014|working group overview]]

''Dear working group members. This is your group page and you will be completing the template gradually as we move through the seminar. Each member has an individual page for documenting his/her personal case. You can also access your template for assignment 4 (the joint design) from here. Good luck and enjoy your collaboration!
''

== Assignment 2 - Lecture Concept Map ==
*''The list with the group distribution shows you which lecture your group is supposed to document in the concept map format.''
*''Please add your collaborative concept map here by replacing the dummy image. Your map needs to have a new file name:''

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Gruppe b.jpg|''Green Infrastructure: Concepts, perceptions and its use in planning''
</gallery>

== Assignment 3 - Green infrastructure potential in your environment ==

*'''Assigned: Tuesday, October 28'''
*'''Due: Monday, December 1'''

''There is one template page for each group member. The case could be a specific site in direct vicinity or a larger area in your region. The objective is to identify structures that have the potential to become elements of a green infrastructure strategy. ''

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group B - Case Study 1|Modlin Fortress near Warsaw ]] ===

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Group B - Case Study 2|Los Caobos Park + Botanical Garden]] ===

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Group B - Case Study 3|The Eastern Suburb Industrail Memory]] ===

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Group B - Case Study 4|Darakeh-Evin River-Valley as linear green infrastructure]] ===

=== Presentation Slides Assignment 3 ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Slajd2.JPG|slide 1
Image:Slajd3.JPG|slide 2
Image:Slajd4.JPG|slide 3
Image:Slajd5.JPG|slide 4
Image:Slajd6.JPG|slide 5
Image:Slajd7.JPG|slide 6
Image:sld8.JPG|slide 8
Image:Slajd9.JPG|slide 9
Image:Slajd10.JPG|slide 7
</gallery>

== Assignment 4 - Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design ==

*'''Assigned: Tuesday, December 2'''
*'''Due: Tuesday, January 26'''

==='''[[Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group B|Collaborative Design Working Group B]]'''===

=== Presentation Slides Collaborative Design ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Modlin_final_1.jpg|Analytical Drawings
Image:Modlin_final_2.jpg|Projective Drawings
Image:Modlin_final_3.jpg|Design Synthesis
</gallery>

----

[[Category: Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group]]

Green Infrastructure 2014 - Working Group B

2015-01-28T10:22:58Z

Emamverdis: /* Presentation Slides Assignment 3 */

--> Back to [[Working_Groups_Seminar_Green_Infrastructure_2014|working group overview]]

''Dear working group members. This is your group page and you will be completing the template gradually as we move through the seminar. Each member has an individual page for documenting his/her personal case. You can also access your template for assignment 4 (the joint design) from here. Good luck and enjoy your collaboration!
''

== Assignment 2 - Lecture Concept Map ==
*''The list with the group distribution shows you which lecture your group is supposed to document in the concept map format.''
*''Please add your collaborative concept map here by replacing the dummy image. Your map needs to have a new file name:''

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Gruppe b.jpg|''Green Infrastructure: Concepts, perceptions and its use in planning''
</gallery>

== Assignment 3 - Green infrastructure potential in your environment ==

*'''Assigned: Tuesday, October 28'''
*'''Due: Monday, December 1'''

''There is one template page for each group member. The case could be a specific site in direct vicinity or a larger area in your region. The objective is to identify structures that have the potential to become elements of a green infrastructure strategy. ''

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group B - Case Study 1|Modlin Fortress near Warsaw ]] ===

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Group B - Case Study 2|Los Caobos Park + Botanical Garden]] ===

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Group B - Case Study 3|The Eastern Suburb Industrail Memory]] ===

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Group B - Case Study 4|Darakeh-Evin River-Valley as linear green infrastructure]] ===

=== Presentation Slides Assignment 3 ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Slajd2.JPG|slide 1
Image:Slajd3.JPG|slide 2
Image:Slajd4.JPG|slide 3
Image:Slajd5.JPG|slide 4
Image:Slajd6.JPG|slide 5
Image:Slajd7.JPG|slide 6
Image:Sld8.JPG|slide 8
Image:Slajd9.JPG|slide 9
Image:Slajd10.JPG|slide 7
</gallery>

== Assignment 4 - Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design ==

*'''Assigned: Tuesday, December 2'''
*'''Due: Tuesday, January 26'''

==='''[[Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group B|Collaborative Design Working Group B]]'''===

=== Presentation Slides Collaborative Design ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Modlin_final_1.jpg|Analytical Drawings
Image:Modlin_final_2.jpg|Projective Drawings
Image:Modlin_final_3.jpg|Design Synthesis
</gallery>

----

[[Category: Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group]]

File:Sld8.jpg

2015-01-28T10:22:23Z

Emamverdis:

File:P2.jpg

2015-01-28T10:19:14Z

Emamverdis: Emamverdis uploaded a new version of "File:P2.jpg"

Green Infrastructure 2014 - Working Group B

2015-01-28T10:18:08Z

Emamverdis: /* Presentation Slides Assignment 3 */

--> Back to [[Working_Groups_Seminar_Green_Infrastructure_2014|working group overview]]

''Dear working group members. This is your group page and you will be completing the template gradually as we move through the seminar. Each member has an individual page for documenting his/her personal case. You can also access your template for assignment 4 (the joint design) from here. Good luck and enjoy your collaboration!
''

== Assignment 2 - Lecture Concept Map ==
*''The list with the group distribution shows you which lecture your group is supposed to document in the concept map format.''
*''Please add your collaborative concept map here by replacing the dummy image. Your map needs to have a new file name:''

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Gruppe b.jpg|''Green Infrastructure: Concepts, perceptions and its use in planning''
</gallery>

== Assignment 3 - Green infrastructure potential in your environment ==

*'''Assigned: Tuesday, October 28'''
*'''Due: Monday, December 1'''

''There is one template page for each group member. The case could be a specific site in direct vicinity or a larger area in your region. The objective is to identify structures that have the potential to become elements of a green infrastructure strategy. ''

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group B - Case Study 1|Modlin Fortress near Warsaw ]] ===

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Group B - Case Study 2|Los Caobos Park + Botanical Garden]] ===

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Group B - Case Study 3|The Eastern Suburb Industrail Memory]] ===

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Group B - Case Study 4|Darakeh-Evin River-Valley as linear green infrastructure]] ===

=== Presentation Slides Assignment 3 ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Slajd2.JPG|slide 1
Image:Slajd3.JPG|slide 2
Image:Slajd4.JPG|slide 3
Image:Slajd5.JPG|slide 4
Image:Slajd6.JPG|slide 5
Image:Slajd7.JPG|slide 6
Image:P2.JPG|slide 8
Image:Slajd9.JPG|slide 9
Image:Slajd10.JPG|slide 7
</gallery>

== Assignment 4 - Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design ==

*'''Assigned: Tuesday, December 2'''
*'''Due: Tuesday, January 26'''

==='''[[Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group B|Collaborative Design Working Group B]]'''===

=== Presentation Slides Collaborative Design ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Modlin_final_1.jpg|Analytical Drawings
Image:Modlin_final_2.jpg|Projective Drawings
Image:Modlin_final_3.jpg|Design Synthesis
</gallery>

----

[[Category: Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group]]

File:P2.jpg

2015-01-28T10:17:31Z

Emamverdis: Emamverdis uploaded a new version of "File:P2.jpg"

Green Infrastructure 2014 - Working Group B

2015-01-28T10:14:37Z

Emamverdis: /* Presentation Slides Assignment 3 */

--> Back to [[Working_Groups_Seminar_Green_Infrastructure_2014|working group overview]]

''Dear working group members. This is your group page and you will be completing the template gradually as we move through the seminar. Each member has an individual page for documenting his/her personal case. You can also access your template for assignment 4 (the joint design) from here. Good luck and enjoy your collaboration!
''

== Assignment 2 - Lecture Concept Map ==
*''The list with the group distribution shows you which lecture your group is supposed to document in the concept map format.''
*''Please add your collaborative concept map here by replacing the dummy image. Your map needs to have a new file name:''

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:Gruppe b.jpg|''Green Infrastructure: Concepts, perceptions and its use in planning''
</gallery>

== Assignment 3 - Green infrastructure potential in your environment ==

*'''Assigned: Tuesday, October 28'''
*'''Due: Monday, December 1'''

''There is one template page for each group member. The case could be a specific site in direct vicinity or a larger area in your region. The objective is to identify structures that have the potential to become elements of a green infrastructure strategy. ''

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group B - Case Study 1|Modlin Fortress near Warsaw ]] ===

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Group B - Case Study 2|Los Caobos Park + Botanical Garden]] ===

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Group B - Case Study 3|The Eastern Suburb Industrail Memory]] ===

=== [[Green Infrastructure 2014 Group B - Case Study 4|Darakeh-Evin River-Valley as linear green infrastructure]] ===

=== Presentation Slides Assignment 3 ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Slajd2.JPG|slide 1
Image:Slajd3.JPG|slide 2
Image:Slajd4.JPG|slide 3
Image:Slajd5.JPG|slide 4
Image:Slajd6.JPG|slide 5
Image:Slajd7.JPG|slide 6
Image:p2.JPG|slide 8
Image:Slajd9.JPG|slide 9
Image:Slajd10.JPG|slide 7
</gallery>

== Assignment 4 - Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design ==

*'''Assigned: Tuesday, December 2'''
*'''Due: Tuesday, January 26'''

==='''[[Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group B|Collaborative Design Working Group B]]'''===

=== Presentation Slides Collaborative Design ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Modlin_final_1.jpg|Analytical Drawings
Image:Modlin_final_2.jpg|Projective Drawings
Image:Modlin_final_3.jpg|Design Synthesis
</gallery>

----

[[Category: Green Infrastructure 2014 Working Group]]

File:P2.jpg

2015-01-28T10:12:33Z

Emamverdis: Emamverdis uploaded a new version of "File:P2.jpg"

Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group B

2015-01-25T11:26:26Z

Emamverdis: /* Design Synthesis */

---> back to group page [[Green Infrastructure 2014 - Working Group B|working group B]]

'''''Modlin Fortress and its surroundings as a GI potential area'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Modlin Fortress''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Modlin (near Warsaw)''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Poland''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''add author''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Modlin.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=52.4384554
|lng=20.674233
|zoom=12
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==
*'''Biogeography'''
The area is situated in Eurosiberian region, in east-central Europe and from geomorphological point of view it's Middle European Plain, Masovian Lowland. It means, that the the relief of the terrain in this place is almost flat, rich in very developed river network. The medium altitude of the area is 127,6 m above the see level. Modlin is a district of Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki, located in east-central Poland, in Masovian Lowland. The climate of Masovian lowland is transitional climate between maritime and continental climate. As a resoult in the region there is pretty high temperature amplitude (in a scale of year), mostly during the winter season (2°C to -2°C). In the summer the average temperature is balanced, around 18 °C - 18,5 °C. The atmospheric precipitation level here is the lowest in the country and usually it's less than 500 mm during the year scale. Although soils here are rather poor- mostly podzols- nearby big rivers (so where Modlin Fortress is located) it's easy to find fertile alluvial soils. Despite the fact, that in most of Masovian Province area woods have been replaced by urban structures or transformed into ''Pinus'' monocultures, in the surroundings of Modlin still wilderness and various woods exist.

Flora and fauna existing in the area: according to document done towards the needs of Professional Geodety School, I've collected information about species existing in the sourroundings of the airport. Most common vegetation is trees such as: ''Acer sp, Betula sp, Corylus sp, Crataegus sp, Picea sp, Pinus sp, Populus sp, Prunus sp, Quercus sp, Sanbucus nigra sp, Tilia sp''. With other plants mostly we can find there: ''Lupinus sp, Silybum marianum, Solidago sp, Tanacetum vulgare, Urtica dioica''. The most important fauna in the area are birds - many endangered species and species connected to water habitats.

*'''Urban context: history and dynamics'''
The location of Modlin at the confluence of Vistula, Narew and Wkra rivers was bringing to the place outstanding defensive qualities. Napoleon Bonaparte, during extending his impact on Eastern Europe, created Duchy of Warsaw and built serie of fortresses in its area. One of them was Modlin Fortress, which was started in 1806. According to his plan, the internal circuit of today's citadel was formed. The stronghold was created from earth and wood, with 5 bastions and the shape of semicircle, opened to the river.

After the Napoleon's period, the fortress has been occupied by Russian army. Russians have extended the area of fortress with an external perimeter, which was based on the shape of "crowns" of the internal bastion and consisted six fronts. In 1864 the complex of barracks was built, the citadel and the external circuit have been surrounded by the wall, called the Carnot. Im 1883 another reconstruction started- the Tsar's Army decided to build the "chain" of forts surrounding the fortress. This 8 forts are made of earth and bricks, and its length is 30 km, they are creating the first ring of forts. Similar modernization has been done in 1914, when the second ring of forts appeared. They created 10 additional forts, using concrete and steal.

87 years later, already after the I World War in December 1918 the Modlin Fortress has been taken by Polish Army.

In the interwar period Corps of Cadets stationed in Modlin. There was also Armored Training Center, with the Cadets School and the School of Officers, and also Sapper Training Centre. During next years the complex has been used for military goals, after the II World War the object still has been used by Polish Army as a training area etc.

Nowadays The Modlin Fortress isn't anymore strategic military point. It became a historical monument, with it's well preserved buildings which are attracting many tourists.

*'''Overall character and cultural features'''

Nowadays, during the urban sprawl the space between internal and external perimeter of the fortress is partly occupied by housing estates and urban infrastructures. The significant object is an international airport, located just on the border of Modlin Fortress, which for sure is important social and cultural aspect overall, but obviously has a huge ( not always positive) influence on the ecology of the region and the quality of life of local citizens. The area in general is open, but with the historical buildings the situation is different - only some of them are open to the public and people can visit them with the guide, the rest is getting destroyed with the time and acts of vandalism. The terrain of the fortress is subject of conservation officer's care and in spite of the fact, that last year it was bought by private investor, the conservator needs to agree for all the proposed changes. There is a permission of adapting buildings of the main part (citadel) to new functions such as apartments, office space, but there is also condition: not to change overall exterior appearance of the buildings and to keep educational function by reserving part of the fortress for a museum. However labour on renovation of the object will need many changes in underground infrastructure such as connection to canalization, electricity and so on. Also with another extension of urban zone, there will be a necessity of creation social spots, such as parks, public squares and infrastructure connected to this. Fortunately in the area, inside the buildings of citadel and in the area between two perimeters of the fortress, there is a lot of greenery which can be easly adapted to new functions.

<gallery caption= "Localization and structure of Modlin Fortress" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Ma.jpg|Localization of the study case
Image:Mapatwierdza1.jpg|Explanation of fortress structure
Image:Conflictsm.jpg|Conflicts
Image:Potentials2.jpg|Potentials
Image:Rosliny.png|aerial picture: vegetation visible on circuits and forts
</gallery>

== What are the overall objectives of your design? What are the specific objectives for enhancing green infrastrucutre? ==

Overall objective of this integrated design is connecting existing urban structures with historical elements in the way it'll be well adapted to new functions, makes area attractive and involves ideas positively working on ecological and cultural aspects of the place.

- creation of places with organized greenery (parks, gardens)

- facilities for citizens - f.ex. designing parkings

- improving connectivity between both circuits of the fortress and surrounding area and accessibility to historical objects

- provide access to the riverside and creation of attractive boulevards

- adaptation of historical objects to new functions - f.x embankments might transform into paths with view points dor interesting objects.

- protection and preservation the historical objects

All of mentioned ideas can include GI elements.

The objective of enhancing green infrastructure is minimizing the negative influence of the airport on local and surrounding areas, like problem of noise, pollution (air, soil, water), the ground water level disturbance and in general all the factors which can have bad impact on fauna, flora and quality of humans life in the region. Also there is plan of reducing artificial isolation within the fortress area.

- Plantation plans including high noise damping and pollution storing vegetation in surroundings of the airport

- Plantation plans including biofiltration species in the surroundings of the airport

- Plantation plans providing biodiversity of the place

- Resumption of lost habitats

- Rainwater management strategy and storage elements

- Proper adaptation of the circuits of fortifications and embankments, reduction of isolation

- GI elements in the urban environment: urban agriculture and health pathways in newly planned housing estimate in citadel

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing.''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="6">
Image:Z1.jpg|Overall look of the place
Image:Uol.jpg|Use of land
Image:Komunikejszyn.jpg|Accessibility and public communication
Image:Gi mozlizowsci.jpg|Possibility of using GI
Image:Sechematbram.jpg|Problem of izolation
Image:Nature conservation.jpg|Valuable natural areas
Image:Modlin_connectios_warszawa.jpg|Connectios with other cities
Image:Modlin_description_1.jpg
Image:Modlin_grenery_possibilities.jpg|Greenery possibilities
Image:Modlin_built_environment.jpg|Built Environment
Image:Modlin_gates.jpg|Gates of the Fortress
Image:Modlin_typology.jpg
Image:Modlin_typology_prewar.jpg|Typology Pre-war
Image:Modlin_typology_postwar.jpg|Typology Post-war
Image:Modlin_public_meeting.jpg|Meeting Points/Destinations
Image:Modlin_destinations.jpg|Bufferzones of destinations, r:150m and 300m
Image:Modlin_proposal.jpg|proposal
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes), of course with an emphasis on green infrastructure aspects. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing representing his/her individual ideas.''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:ROLNICTWO_MIEJSKIE.jpg|Urban farming
Image:Modpark.jpg|City park (compatible with the combination of gates their connections)
Image:Gates_slide.jpg|Connecting the city
Image:Densifiying_modlin.jpg|Densifiying the city
Image:P1_corridor.jpg|Corridor by river
Image:P2_isolation_barrie.jpg|Isolation barrie
Image:Template01.jpg|Ecotourism/Protection
Image:Template02.jpg|Riverside Eco-Recreation
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==
''Please analyse the individual approaches presented so far and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses (you may use the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis SWOT]analysis model). Try to create a synthesis and represent it with a plan and some sketches. You can still use drawings/sketches.''

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:s.jpg|Strengths
Image:ws.jpg|Weaknesses
Image:op.jpg|Opportunities
Image:tr.jpg|Threats
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''Please reflect on your collaborative design process. Which potentials have you encountered? What was most difficult? What does collaborative design mean for you? (approx 150 words).''

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Topview1942.jpg|fortress in 1942'
Image:Citadel.jpg|Citadele
Image:Airportconstruction.jpg|Airport during contruction
Image:Airport.jpg|Airport now
Image:Spichlerz teraz.jpg|view at the granary
Image:Bramy2.jpg|Gate
Image:Modlinsa.jpeg|neglected building of fortress
Image:Mur twierdzy.png|Canota wall
Image:Bramy.jpg|bunkers
</gallery>

== References ==
http://natura2000.gdos.gov.pl/datafiles

http://www.propertydesign.pl/architektura/104/twierdza_modlin_odzyje_konkurs_architektoniczny_w_2015,2580.html

http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nowy_Dw%C3%B3r_Mazowiecki

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Collaborative Design]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

File:Tr.jpg

2015-01-25T11:24:08Z

Emamverdis:

File:Op.jpg

2015-01-25T11:22:26Z

Emamverdis:

File:Ws.jpg

2015-01-25T11:17:12Z

Emamverdis:

Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group B

2015-01-25T11:12:46Z

Emamverdis: /* Design Synthesis */

---> back to group page [[Green Infrastructure 2014 - Working Group B|working group B]]

'''''Modlin Fortress and its surroundings as a GI potential area'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Modlin Fortress''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Modlin (near Warsaw)''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Poland''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''add author''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Modlin.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=52.4384554
|lng=20.674233
|zoom=12
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==
*'''Biogeography'''
The area is situated in Eurosiberian region, in east-central Europe and from geomorphological point of view it's Middle European Plain, Masovian Lowland. It means, that the the relief of the terrain in this place is almost flat, rich in very developed river network. The medium altitude of the area is 127,6 m above the see level. Modlin is a district of Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki, located in east-central Poland, in Masovian Lowland. The climate of Masovian lowland is transitional climate between maritime and continental climate. As a resoult in the region there is pretty high temperature amplitude (in a scale of year), mostly during the winter season (2°C to -2°C). In the summer the average temperature is balanced, around 18 °C - 18,5 °C. The atmospheric precipitation level here is the lowest in the country and usually it's less than 500 mm during the year scale. Although soils here are rather poor- mostly podzols- nearby big rivers (so where Modlin Fortress is located) it's easy to find fertile alluvial soils. Despite the fact, that in most of Masovian Province area woods have been replaced by urban structures or transformed into ''Pinus'' monocultures, in the surroundings of Modlin still wilderness and various woods exist.

Flora and fauna existing in the area: according to document done towards the needs of Professional Geodety School, I've collected information about species existing in the sourroundings of the airport. Most common vegetation is trees such as: ''Acer sp, Betula sp, Corylus sp, Crataegus sp, Picea sp, Pinus sp, Populus sp, Prunus sp, Quercus sp, Sanbucus nigra sp, Tilia sp''. With other plants mostly we can find there: ''Lupinus sp, Silybum marianum, Solidago sp, Tanacetum vulgare, Urtica dioica''. The most important fauna in the area are birds - many endangered species and species connected to water habitats.

*'''Urban context: history and dynamics'''
The location of Modlin at the confluence of Vistula, Narew and Wkra rivers was bringing to the place outstanding defensive qualities. Napoleon Bonaparte, during extending his impact on Eastern Europe, created Duchy of Warsaw and built serie of fortresses in its area. One of them was Modlin Fortress, which was started in 1806. According to his plan, the internal circuit of today's citadel was formed. The stronghold was created from earth and wood, with 5 bastions and the shape of semicircle, opened to the river.

After the Napoleon's period, the fortress has been occupied by Russian army. Russians have extended the area of fortress with an external perimeter, which was based on the shape of "crowns" of the internal bastion and consisted six fronts. In 1864 the complex of barracks was built, the citadel and the external circuit have been surrounded by the wall, called the Carnot. Im 1883 another reconstruction started- the Tsar's Army decided to build the "chain" of forts surrounding the fortress. This 8 forts are made of earth and bricks, and its length is 30 km, they are creating the first ring of forts. Similar modernization has been done in 1914, when the second ring of forts appeared. They created 10 additional forts, using concrete and steal.

87 years later, already after the I World War in December 1918 the Modlin Fortress has been taken by Polish Army.

In the interwar period Corps of Cadets stationed in Modlin. There was also Armored Training Center, with the Cadets School and the School of Officers, and also Sapper Training Centre. During next years the complex has been used for military goals, after the II World War the object still has been used by Polish Army as a training area etc.

Nowadays The Modlin Fortress isn't anymore strategic military point. It became a historical monument, with it's well preserved buildings which are attracting many tourists.

*'''Overall character and cultural features'''

Nowadays, during the urban sprawl the space between internal and external perimeter of the fortress is partly occupied by housing estates and urban infrastructures. The significant object is an international airport, located just on the border of Modlin Fortress, which for sure is important social and cultural aspect overall, but obviously has a huge ( not always positive) influence on the ecology of the region and the quality of life of local citizens. The area in general is open, but with the historical buildings the situation is different - only some of them are open to the public and people can visit them with the guide, the rest is getting destroyed with the time and acts of vandalism. The terrain of the fortress is subject of conservation officer's care and in spite of the fact, that last year it was bought by private investor, the conservator needs to agree for all the proposed changes. There is a permission of adapting buildings of the main part (citadel) to new functions such as apartments, office space, but there is also condition: not to change overall exterior appearance of the buildings and to keep educational function by reserving part of the fortress for a museum. However labour on renovation of the object will need many changes in underground infrastructure such as connection to canalization, electricity and so on. Also with another extension of urban zone, there will be a necessity of creation social spots, such as parks, public squares and infrastructure connected to this. Fortunately in the area, inside the buildings of citadel and in the area between two perimeters of the fortress, there is a lot of greenery which can be easly adapted to new functions.

<gallery caption= "Localization and structure of Modlin Fortress" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Ma.jpg|Localization of the study case
Image:Mapatwierdza1.jpg|Explanation of fortress structure
Image:Conflictsm.jpg|Conflicts
Image:Potentials2.jpg|Potentials
Image:Rosliny.png|aerial picture: vegetation visible on circuits and forts
</gallery>

== What are the overall objectives of your design? What are the specific objectives for enhancing green infrastrucutre? ==

Overall objective of this integrated design is connecting existing urban structures with historical elements in the way it'll be well adapted to new functions, makes area attractive and involves ideas positively working on ecological and cultural aspects of the place.

- creation of places with organized greenery (parks, gardens)

- facilities for citizens - f.ex. designing parkings

- improving connectivity between both circuits of the fortress and surrounding area and accessibility to historical objects

- provide access to the riverside and creation of attractive boulevards

- adaptation of historical objects to new functions - f.x embankments might transform into paths with view points dor interesting objects.

- protection and preservation the historical objects

All of mentioned ideas can include GI elements.

The objective of enhancing green infrastructure is minimizing the negative influence of the airport on local and surrounding areas, like problem of noise, pollution (air, soil, water), the ground water level disturbance and in general all the factors which can have bad impact on fauna, flora and quality of humans life in the region. Also there is plan of reducing artificial isolation within the fortress area.

- Plantation plans including high noise damping and pollution storing vegetation in surroundings of the airport

- Plantation plans including biofiltration species in the surroundings of the airport

- Plantation plans providing biodiversity of the place

- Resumption of lost habitats

- Rainwater management strategy and storage elements

- Proper adaptation of the circuits of fortifications and embankments, reduction of isolation

- GI elements in the urban environment: urban agriculture and health pathways in newly planned housing estimate in citadel

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing.''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="6">
Image:Z1.jpg|Overall look of the place
Image:Uol.jpg|Use of land
Image:Komunikejszyn.jpg|Accessibility and public communication
Image:Gi mozlizowsci.jpg|Possibility of using GI
Image:Sechematbram.jpg|Problem of izolation
Image:Nature conservation.jpg|Valuable natural areas
Image:Modlin_connectios_warszawa.jpg|Connectios with other cities
Image:Modlin_description_1.jpg
Image:Modlin_grenery_possibilities.jpg|Greenery possibilities
Image:Modlin_built_environment.jpg|Built Environment
Image:Modlin_gates.jpg|Gates of the Fortress
Image:Modlin_typology.jpg
Image:Modlin_typology_prewar.jpg|Typology Pre-war
Image:Modlin_typology_postwar.jpg|Typology Post-war
Image:Modlin_public_meeting.jpg|Meeting Points/Destinations
Image:Modlin_destinations.jpg|Bufferzones of destinations, r:150m and 300m
Image:Modlin_proposal.jpg|proposal
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes), of course with an emphasis on green infrastructure aspects. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing representing his/her individual ideas.''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:ROLNICTWO_MIEJSKIE.jpg|Urban farming
Image:Modpark.jpg|City park (compatible with the combination of gates their connections)
Image:Gates_slide.jpg|Connecting the city
Image:Densifiying_modlin.jpg|Densifiying the city
Image:P1_corridor.jpg|Corridor by river
Image:P2_isolation_barrie.jpg|Isolation barrie
Image:Template01.jpg|Ecotourism/Protection
Image:Template02.jpg|Riverside Eco-Recreation
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==
''Please analyse the individual approaches presented so far and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses (you may use the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis SWOT]analysis model). Try to create a synthesis and represent it with a plan and some sketches. You can still use drawings/sketches.''

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:s.jpg|Strengths
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|synthesis drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|synthesis drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|synthesis drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''Please reflect on your collaborative design process. Which potentials have you encountered? What was most difficult? What does collaborative design mean for you? (approx 150 words).''

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Topview1942.jpg|fortress in 1942'
Image:Citadel.jpg|Citadele
Image:Airportconstruction.jpg|Airport during contruction
Image:Airport.jpg|Airport now
Image:Spichlerz teraz.jpg|view at the granary
Image:Bramy2.jpg|Gate
Image:Modlinsa.jpeg|neglected building of fortress
Image:Mur twierdzy.png|Canota wall
Image:Bramy.jpg|bunkers
</gallery>

== References ==
http://natura2000.gdos.gov.pl/datafiles

http://www.propertydesign.pl/architektura/104/twierdza_modlin_odzyje_konkurs_architektoniczny_w_2015,2580.html

http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nowy_Dw%C3%B3r_Mazowiecki

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Collaborative Design]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

File:S.jpg

2015-01-25T11:10:15Z

Emamverdis: Emamverdis uploaded a new version of "File:S.jpg"

Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group B

2015-01-24T12:04:06Z

Emamverdis: /* Projective drawings */

---> back to group page [[Green Infrastructure 2014 - Working Group B|working group B]]

'''''Modlin Fortress and its surroundings as a GI potential area'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Modlin Fortress''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Modlin (near Warsaw)''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Poland''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''add author''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Modlin.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=52.4384554
|lng=20.674233
|zoom=12
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==
*'''Biogeography'''
The area is situated in Eurosiberian region, in east-central Europe and from geomorphological point of view it's Middle European Plain, Masovian Lowland. It means, that the the relief of the terrain in this place is almost flat, rich in very developed river network. The medium altitude of the area is 127,6 m above the see level. Modlin is a district of Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki, located in east-central Poland, in Masovian Lowland. The climate of Masovian lowland is transitional climate between maritime and continental climate. As a resoult in the region there is pretty high temperature amplitude (in a scale of year), mostly during the winter season (2°C to -2°C). In the summer the average temperature is balanced, around 18 °C - 18,5 °C. The atmospheric precipitation level here is the lowest in the country and usually it's less than 500 mm during the year scale. Although soils here are rather poor- mostly podzols- nearby big rivers (so where Modlin Fortress is located) it's easy to find fertile alluvial soils. Despite the fact, that in most of Masovian Province area woods have been replaced by urban structures or transformed into ''Pinus'' monocultures, in the surroundings of Modlin still wilderness and various woods exist.

Flora and fauna existing in the area: according to document done towards the needs of Professional Geodety School, I've collected information about species existing in the sourroundings of the airport. Most common vegetation is trees such as: ''Acer sp, Betula sp, Corylus sp, Crataegus sp, Picea sp, Pinus sp, Populus sp, Prunus sp, Quercus sp, Sanbucus nigra sp, Tilia sp''. With other plants mostly we can find there: ''Lupinus sp, Silybum marianum, Solidago sp, Tanacetum vulgare, Urtica dioica''. The most important fauna in the area are birds - many endangered species and species connected to water habitats.

*'''Urban context: history and dynamics'''
The location of Modlin at the confluence of Vistula, Narew and Wkra rivers was bringing to the place outstanding defensive qualities. Napoleon Bonaparte, during extending his impact on Eastern Europe, created Duchy of Warsaw and built serie of fortresses in its area. One of them was Modlin Fortress, which was started in 1806. According to his plan, the internal circuit of today's citadel was formed. The stronghold was created from earth and wood, with 5 bastions and the shape of semicircle, opened to the river.

After the Napoleon's period, the fortress has been occupied by Russian army. Russians have extended the area of fortress with an external perimeter, which was based on the shape of "crowns" of the internal bastion and consisted six fronts. In 1864 the complex of barracks was built, the citadel and the external circuit have been surrounded by the wall, called the Carnot. Im 1883 another reconstruction started- the Tsar's Army decided to build the "chain" of forts surrounding the fortress. This 8 forts are made of earth and bricks, and its length is 30 km, they are creating the first ring of forts. Similar modernization has been done in 1914, when the second ring of forts appeared. They created 10 additional forts, using concrete and steal.

87 years later, already after the I World War in December 1918 the Modlin Fortress has been taken by Polish Army.

In the interwar period Corps of Cadets stationed in Modlin. There was also Armored Training Center, with the Cadets School and the School of Officers, and also Sapper Training Centre. During next years the complex has been used for military goals, after the II World War the object still has been used by Polish Army as a training area etc.

Nowadays The Modlin Fortress isn't anymore strategic military point. It became a historical monument, with it's well preserved buildings which are attracting many tourists.

*'''Overall character and cultural features'''

Nowadays, during the urban sprawl the space between internal and external perimeter of the fortress is partly occupied by housing estates and urban infrastructures. The significant object is an international airport, located just on the border of Modlin Fortress, which for sure is important social and cultural aspect overall, but obviously has a huge ( not always positive) influence on the ecology of the region and the quality of life of local citizens. The area in general is open, but with the historical buildings the situation is different - only some of them are open to the public and people can visit them with the guide, the rest is getting destroyed with the time and acts of vandalism. The terrain of the fortress is subject of conservation officer's care and in spite of the fact, that last year it was bought by private investor, the conservator needs to agree for all the proposed changes. There is a permission of adapting buildings of the main part (citadel) to new functions such as apartments, office space, but there is also condition: not to change overall exterior appearance of the buildings and to keep educational function by reserving part of the fortress for a museum. However labour on renovation of the object will need many changes in underground infrastructure such as connection to canalization, electricity and so on. Also with another extension of urban zone, there will be a necessity of creation social spots, such as parks, public squares and infrastructure connected to this. Fortunately in the area, inside the buildings of citadel and in the area between two perimeters of the fortress, there is a lot of greenery which can be easly adapted to new functions.

<gallery caption= "Localization and structure of Modlin Fortress" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Ma.jpg|Localization of the study case
Image:Mapatwierdza1.jpg|Explanation of fortress structure
Image:Conflictsm.jpg|Conflicts
Image:Potentials2.jpg|Potentials
Image:Rosliny.png|aerial picture: vegetation visible on circuits and forts
</gallery>

== What are the overall objectives of your design? What are the specific objectives for enhancing green infrastrucutre? ==

Overall objective of this integrated design is connecting existing urban structures with historical elements in the way it'll be well adapted to new functions, makes area attractive and involves ideas positively working on ecological and cultural aspects of the place.

- creation of places with organized greenery (parks, gardens)

- facilities for citizens - f.ex. designing parkings

- improving connectivity between both circuits of the fortress and surrounding area and accessibility to historical objects

- provide access to the riverside and creation of attractive boulevards

- adaptation of historical objects to new functions - f.x embankments might transform into paths with view points dor interesting objects.

- protection and preservation the historical objects

All of mentioned ideas can include GI elements.

The objective of enhancing green infrastructure is minimizing the negative influence of the airport on local and surrounding areas, like problem of noise, pollution (air, soil, water), the ground water level disturbance and in general all the factors which can have bad impact on fauna, flora and quality of humans life in the region. Also there is plan of reducing artificial isolation within the fortress area.

- Plantation plans including high noise damping and pollution storing vegetation in surroundings of the airport

- Plantation plans including biofiltration species in the surroundings of the airport

- Plantation plans providing biodiversity of the place

- Resumption of lost habitats

- Rainwater management strategy and storage elements

- Proper adaptation of the circuits of fortifications and embankments, reduction of isolation

- GI elements in the urban environment: urban agriculture and health pathways in newly planned housing estimate in citadel

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing.''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="6">
Image:Z1.jpg|Overall look of the place
Image:Uol.jpg|Use of land
Image:Komunikejszyn.jpg|Accessibility and public communication
Image:Gi mozlizowsci.jpg|Possibility of using GI
Image:Sechematbram.jpg|Problem of izolation
Image:Nature conservation.jpg|Valuable natural areas
Image:Modlin_connectios_warszawa.jpg|Connectios with other cities
Image:Modlin_description_1.jpg
Image:Modlin_grenery_possibilities.jpg|Greenery possibilities
Image:Modlin_built_environment.jpg|Built Environment
Image:10940540_10202226846711803_5398980390809073333_n.jpg|Gates of the Fortress
Image:Modlin_typology.jpg
Image:Modlin_typology_prewar.jpg|Typology Pre-war
Image:Modlin_typology_postwar.jpg|Typology Post-war
Image:Modlin_public_meeting.jpg|Meeting Points/Destinations
Image:Modlin_destinations.jpg|Bufferzones of destinations, r:150m and 300m
Image:Modlin_proposal.jpg|proposal
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes), of course with an emphasis on green infrastructure aspects. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing representing his/her individual ideas.''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:ROLNICTWO_MIEJSKIE.jpg|Urban farming
Image:Modpark.jpg|City park
Image:Gates_slide.jpg|Connecting the city
Image:Densifiying_modlin.jpg|Densifiying the city
Image:Template01.jpg|Ecotourism/Protection
Image:Template02.jpg|Riverside Eco-Recreation
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==
''Please analyse the individual approaches presented so far and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses (you may use the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis SWOT]analysis model). Try to create a synthesis and represent it with a plan and some sketches. You can still use drawings/sketches.''

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|synthesis drawing 1
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|synthesis drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|synthesis drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|synthesis drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''Please reflect on your collaborative design process. Which potentials have you encountered? What was most difficult? What does collaborative design mean for you? (approx 150 words).''

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Topview1942.jpg|fortress in 1942'
Image:Citadel.jpg|Citadele
Image:Airportconstruction.jpg|Airport during contruction
Image:Airport.jpg|Airport now
Image:Spichlerz teraz.jpg|view at the granary
Image:Bramy2.jpg|Gate
Image:Modlinsa.jpeg|neglected building of fortress
Image:Mur twierdzy.png|Canota wall
Image:Bramy.jpg|bunkers
</gallery>

== References ==
http://natura2000.gdos.gov.pl/datafiles

http://www.propertydesign.pl/architektura/104/twierdza_modlin_odzyje_konkurs_architektoniczny_w_2015,2580.html

http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nowy_Dw%C3%B3r_Mazowiecki

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Collaborative Design]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

File:Template02.jpg

2015-01-24T12:03:02Z

Emamverdis:

Collaborative Green Infrastructure Design Group B

2015-01-24T12:00:04Z

Emamverdis: /* Projective drawings */

---> back to group page [[Green Infrastructure 2014 - Working Group B|working group B]]

'''''Modlin Fortress and its surroundings as a GI potential area'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Modlin Fortress''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Modlin (near Warsaw)''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Poland''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''add author''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Modlin.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=52.4384554
|lng=20.674233
|zoom=12
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==
*'''Biogeography'''
The area is situated in Eurosiberian region, in east-central Europe and from geomorphological point of view it's Middle European Plain, Masovian Lowland. It means, that the the relief of the terrain in this place is almost flat, rich in very developed river network. The medium altitude of the area is 127,6 m above the see level. Modlin is a district of Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki, located in east-central Poland, in Masovian Lowland. The climate of Masovian lowland is transitional climate between maritime and continental climate. As a resoult in the region there is pretty high temperature amplitude (in a scale of year), mostly during the winter season (2°C to -2°C). In the summer the average temperature is balanced, around 18 °C - 18,5 °C. The atmospheric precipitation level here is the lowest in the country and usually it's less than 500 mm during the year scale. Although soils here are rather poor- mostly podzols- nearby big rivers (so where Modlin Fortress is located) it's easy to find fertile alluvial soils. Despite the fact, that in most of Masovian Province area woods have been replaced by urban structures or transformed into ''Pinus'' monocultures, in the surroundings of Modlin still wilderness and various woods exist.

Flora and fauna existing in the area: according to document done towards the needs of Professional Geodety School, I've collected information about species existing in the sourroundings of the airport. Most common vegetation is trees such as: ''Acer sp, Betula sp, Corylus sp, Crataegus sp, Picea sp, Pinus sp, Populus sp, Prunus sp, Quercus sp, Sanbucus nigra sp, Tilia sp''. With other plants mostly we can find there: ''Lupinus sp, Silybum marianum, Solidago sp, Tanacetum vulgare, Urtica dioica''. The most important fauna in the area are birds - many endangered species and species connected to water habitats.

*'''Urban context: history and dynamics'''
The location of Modlin at the confluence of Vistula, Narew and Wkra rivers was bringing to the place outstanding defensive qualities. Napoleon Bonaparte, during extending his impact on Eastern Europe, created Duchy of Warsaw and built serie of fortresses in its area. One of them was Modlin Fortress, which was started in 1806. According to his plan, the internal circuit of today's citadel was formed. The stronghold was created from earth and wood, with 5 bastions and the shape of semicircle, opened to the river.

After the Napoleon's period, the fortress has been occupied by Russian army. Russians have extended the area of fortress with an external perimeter, which was based on the shape of "crowns" of the internal bastion and consisted six fronts. In 1864 the complex of barracks was built, the citadel and the external circuit have been surrounded by the wall, called the Carnot. Im 1883 another reconstruction started- the Tsar's Army decided to build the "chain" of forts surrounding the fortress. This 8 forts are made of earth and bricks, and its length is 30 km, they are creating the first ring of forts. Similar modernization has been done in 1914, when the second ring of forts appeared. They created 10 additional forts, using concrete and steal.

87 years later, already after the I World War in December 1918 the Modlin Fortress has been taken by Polish Army.

In the interwar period Corps of Cadets stationed in Modlin. There was also Armored Training Center, with the Cadets School and the School of Officers, and also Sapper Training Centre. During next years the complex has been used for military goals, after the II World War the object still has been used by Polish Army as a training area etc.

Nowadays The Modlin Fortress isn't anymore strategic military point. It became a historical monument, with it's well preserved buildings which are attracting many tourists.

*'''Overall character and cultural features'''

Nowadays, during the urban sprawl the space between internal and external perimeter of the fortress is partly occupied by housing estates and urban infrastructures. The significant object is an international airport, located just on the border of Modlin Fortress, which for sure is important social and cultural aspect overall, but obviously has a huge ( not always positive) influence on the ecology of the region and the quality of life of local citizens. The area in general is open, but with the historical buildings the situation is different - only some of them are open to the public and people can visit them with the guide, the rest is getting destroyed with the time and acts of vandalism. The terrain of the fortress is subject of conservation officer's care and in spite of the fact, that last year it was bought by private investor, the conservator needs to agree for all the proposed changes. There is a permission of adapting buildings of the main part (citadel) to new functions such as apartments, office space, but there is also condition: not to change overall exterior appearance of the buildings and to keep educational function by reserving part of the fortress for a museum. However labour on renovation of the object will need many changes in underground infrastructure such as connection to canalization, electricity and so on. Also with another extension of urban zone, there will be a necessity of creation social spots, such as parks, public squares and infrastructure connected to this. Fortunately in the area, inside the buildings of citadel and in the area between two perimeters of the fortress, there is a lot of greenery which can be easly adapted to new functions.

<gallery caption= "Localization and structure of Modlin Fortress" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Ma.jpg|Localization of the study case
Image:Mapatwierdza1.jpg|Explanation of fortress structure
Image:Conflictsm.jpg|Conflicts
Image:Potentials2.jpg|Potentials
Image:Rosliny.png|aerial picture: vegetation visible on circuits and forts
</gallery>

== What are the overall objectives of your design? What are the specific objectives for enhancing green infrastrucutre? ==

Overall objective of this integrated design is connecting existing urban structures with historical elements in the way it'll be well adapted to new functions, makes area attractive and involves ideas positively working on ecological and cultural aspects of the place.

- creation of places with organized greenery (parks, gardens)

- facilities for citizens - f.ex. designing parkings

- improving connectivity between both circuits of the fortress and surrounding area and accessibility to historical objects

- provide access to the riverside and creation of attractive boulevards

- adaptation of historical objects to new functions - f.x embankments might transform into paths with view points dor interesting objects.

- protection and preservation the historical objects

All of mentioned ideas can include GI elements.

The objective of enhancing green infrastructure is minimizing the negative influence of the airport on local and surrounding areas, like problem of noise, pollution (air, soil, water), the ground water level disturbance and in general all the factors which can have bad impact on fauna, flora and quality of humans life in the region. Also there is plan of reducing artificial isolation within the fortress area.

- Plantation plans including high noise damping and pollution storing vegetation in surroundings of the airport

- Plantation plans including biofiltration species in the surroundings of the airport

- Plantation plans providing biodiversity of the place

- Resumption of lost habitats

- Rainwater management strategy and storage elements

- Proper adaptation of the circuits of fortifications and embankments, reduction of isolation

- GI elements in the urban environment: urban agriculture and health pathways in newly planned housing estimate in citadel

== Analytical drawings ==
''Please add four analytical sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes) of your case. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing.''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="6">
Image:Z1.jpg|Overall look of the place
Image:Uol.jpg|Use of land
Image:Komunikejszyn.jpg|Accessibility and public communication
Image:Gi mozlizowsci.jpg|Possibility of using GI
Image:Sechematbram.jpg|Problem of izolation
Image:Nature conservation.jpg|Valuable natural areas
Image:Modlin_connectios_warszawa.jpg|Connectios with other cities
Image:Modlin_description_1.jpg
Image:Modlin_grenery_possibilities.jpg|Greenery possibilities
Image:Modlin_built_environment.jpg|Built Environment
Image:10940540_10202226846711803_5398980390809073333_n.jpg|Gates of the Fortress
Image:Modlin_typology.jpg
Image:Modlin_typology_prewar.jpg|Typology Pre-war
Image:Modlin_typology_postwar.jpg|Typology Post-war
Image:Modlin_public_meeting.jpg|Meeting Points/Destinations
Image:Modlin_destinations.jpg|Bufferzones of destinations, r:150m and 300m
Image:Modlin_proposal.jpg|proposal
</gallery>

== Projective drawings ==
''Please add four projective sketches/drawings (or montages/schemes), of course with an emphasis on green infrastructure aspects. Every group member needs to contribute at least one drawing representing his/her individual ideas.''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:ROLNICTWO_MIEJSKIE.jpg|Urban farming
Image:Modpark.jpg|City park
Image:Gates_slide.jpg|Connecting the city
Image:Densifiying_modlin.jpg|Densifiying the city
Image:Template01.jpg|Ecotourism/Protection
</gallery>

== Design Synthesis ==
''Please analyse the individual approaches presented so far and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses (you may use the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis SWOT]analysis model). Try to create a synthesis and represent it with a plan and some sketches. You can still use drawings/sketches.''

<gallery caption="Design Synthesis Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourfilename1.jpg|synthesis drawing 1
Image:yourfilename2.jpg|synthesis drawing 2
Image:yourfilename3.jpg|synthesis drawing 3
Image:yourfilename4.jpg|synthesis drawing 4
</gallery>

== Summary of the collaborative process ==
''Please reflect on your collaborative design process. Which potentials have you encountered? What was most difficult? What does collaborative design mean for you? (approx 150 words).''

== Image Gallery ==
''You may add a series of images/photos in addition to the sketches/drawings''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Topview1942.jpg|fortress in 1942'
Image:Citadel.jpg|Citadele
Image:Airportconstruction.jpg|Airport during contruction
Image:Airport.jpg|Airport now
Image:Spichlerz teraz.jpg|view at the granary
Image:Bramy2.jpg|Gate
Image:Modlinsa.jpeg|neglected building of fortress
Image:Mur twierdzy.png|Canota wall
Image:Bramy.jpg|bunkers
</gallery>

== References ==
http://natura2000.gdos.gov.pl/datafiles

http://www.propertydesign.pl/architektura/104/twierdza_modlin_odzyje_konkurs_architektoniczny_w_2015,2580.html

http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nowy_Dw%C3%B3r_Mazowiecki

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Collaborative Design]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

File:Template01.jpg

2015-01-24T11:55:48Z

Emamverdis:

Green Infrastructure 2014 Group B - Case Study 4

2014-12-22T14:58:58Z

Emamverdis: /* Analytical drawings */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_B|working group B]]

'''''please add your title here'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Evin River Valley''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Iran''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Tehran''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Sanaz Emamverdi''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[File:file.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=35.753166
|lng=51.385061
|zoom=13
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

When we move from East to West of Tehran,seven major river valleys can be seen. One of the main valleys is Evin- Darakeh river valley.
River valleys in the north of the city are as deep valleys, but when they flow through the city, for the lower depth and older history of urban texture, are almost as cored cement canals. From ecological viewpoint, river-valley ecosystem is a part of the space on the ground that meets a specific arrangement of topography, land cover, hydrography, and built environment. The slopes of Alborz Mountain Range as a main origin for establishment of Tehran City provide the citizens with tourist resorts. Unsustainable development regardless of environmental considerations in Tehran in the last three decades has led to degradation of mountain ecosystem in the northern Tehran and its surrounding plains. Considering that mountains and river valleys are natural heritage and a vital source of water supply, their conservation must be the responsibility of all society members. Tehran Master Plan highly emphasis on the importance and necessity of maintaining and developing river-valleys in Tehran as a respiratory lung of the city. They are fertile habitats that support a variety of flora and fauna and play significant roles as catchments and as places for energy and wind flows to remove air pollution from the city environment, providing opportunity for connection with the natural upland–lowland context.
Therefore, the advantages of protection and using potential of ecological systems of this river-valley, providing extensive for public recreational within the urban and rural areas, providing economic benefits and protection of cultural values and heritage.

== Author's perspective ==

I have graduated with a bachelor’s degree and I have been working in a consulting firm. I have been interested in landscape and urban design.
This site is located in the capital city of Iran which I have spent most of my life there. 7 river-valleys of Tehran always were the landmarks of this city which nowadays they have been lost among the buildings and pollution. As a matter of fact, this area has the range of potentials for green infrastructure.

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''
*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

'''Biogeography'''

The seven north–south river valleys are characteristic of natural corridors of Tehran’s landscape structure. They are fertile habitats that support a variety of flora and fauna and play significant roles as catchments and as places for energy and wind flows to remove air pollutions from the city environment, providing opportunity for connection with the natural upland–lowland context. Upland areas benefit from much better conditions than lowlands due to less environmental destruction caused by urban development. The natural hydrological corridors along the river valleys face more destructive factors and have less ecological functions from north to south because of their structural modifications. Natural corridors connect many natural and built patches scattered along them. These corridors are mostly oriented in a north–south direction. The east–west ecological connections are restricted due to the morphological structure of city.

'''Climate'''

Tehran features a semi-arid, continental climate. Tehran's climate is largely defined by its geographic location, with the towering Alborz Mountains to its north and the central desert to the south. It can be generally described as mild in the spring, hot and dry in the summer, pleasant in the autumn, and cold in the winter. As a large city with significant differences in elevation among various districts, the weather is often cooler in the hilly north as compared to the flat southern part of Tehran. Summer is usually hot and dry with very little rain, but relative humidity is generally low and the nights are cool. The majority of the light annual precipitation occurs from late-autumn to mid-spring, but no one month is particularly wet. The hottest month is July (min. temp. 26°C, max. temp. 36°C) and the coldest is January (min. temp. -1°C, max. temp. 8°C). From the south toward the north, the altitude increases, from 900 meters in low areas to 1800 meters. This difference in height results in differences in weather.

'''Overall character'''

Tehran consists of three sections: mountainous, piedmont and desert. The mountainous section includes peaks over 1800 meters. The Alborz mountain chain in the north of the City, the river valleys of the Darabad, Golab Dare, Farahzad, Kan, Evin and the low hills and urban forest parks (e.g., Lavizan, Sorkhe hesar, chitgar, Quchak) are examples of primary landscape elements which are intrinsically linked with Tehran ecological network, and provide an essential sense of place which can be appreciated from many vantage points within the city. There are other more local landscape elements that can help give areas a sense of place and which can be referred to as secondary landscape elements. Among other landscape features are natural and manmade patches, which give Tehran its unique characteristics and residential and touristic values. One of its most important natural patches is northern heights which endow the city with a special natural characteristic.
From the south toward the north, the altitude increases, from 900 meters in low areas to 1800 meters. This difference in height results in differences in weather, better vegetation and beautiful countryside in the north. As one move from the south to the north, where are many changes in the natural environmental conditions, property value, access to services and social conditions.

'''History'''

Tochal peak is 3900 meters in altitude. Its main ridges overlook the southern slopes and Tehran plain, and forms small drainage basins. The rivers flowing in these basins are the life veins of the city. Water constantly flows in these basins and probably the main reason why Tehran developed is its hydro morphological conditions influenced by its northern heights. The most important basin, which covers the southern slopes of the northern heights of the city, include: Kan, Farahzad, Darakeh and Darband basins.

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:evin1.jpg|Morphology of Tehran
Image:evin2.jpg|Tehran's landscape network
Image:evin6.jpg|your visual
Image:evin4.jpg|your visual
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:evin11.jpg|Five river-valleys of Tehran and the case study area
Image:evin12.jpg|Spatial organization of corridor in present situation
Image:sh1.jpg|Potential
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''Look again at the multiple benefits of green infrastructure - what could be achieved in your site and which are most relevant?''

First, by revival of this river valley and beside greenery, they can act as air filters and city lungs. They play the role efficiency in order to reduce the air pollution. Moreover, by preparing a proper foundation for flowing water, there would be no more threatening for the water contamination. Second, fewer prices would be spent on transportation system and also less time would be wasted to arrive the recreational areas in north of Tehran, especially for near neighborhood and residential areas. Besides we would not be charged for the conservation of plants and green spaces when we put them on their natural structure and for planting because we have appropriate soil, water and plants. Third, by this revitalization, river-valleys as the only natural heritages in Alborz foothill would return to people’s life, like what Tehran has been before. It can also be the revival of people’s collective memory, original historical views and increasing the city legibility. Therefore, by revitalizing of the river-valley as a linear green infrastructure from north to south of the city, we have ecological benefits, economic benefits and social and cultural benefits together, which they are the main aspects of sustainable development.
== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Green infrastructure has typically multiple functions. What could be achieved for your site in this respect?''

River valleys and green urban spaces by providing the multi-functional spaces such as recreational, aesthetical, infrastructural, social and cultural …, have the potential to be used as one of the most efficient tools to reduce the environmental issues.
This site has the opportunity to integrate river-valleys and green spaces in a network of multi-functional areas. Then, in order to maintain the idea of reviving this river-valley and green spaces we can establish parallel linear park based on river-valley, planning and allocating appropriate situation for streets, sidewalks, bicycle trail and other necessary facilities, assigning clean and public transportation into the river-valleys to achieve a proper connectivity and using vernacular plants of Tehran in valley to maintain the original nature and many other strategies. Therefore, it could result in reducing and improving a lot of problems such as water and sewage contamination, air pollution, sonic pollution and insecurity ….

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
In the near future I hope to see:

- Preventing contamination of water along the river and maintaining the water quality by designing waste water pathways and preventing it from entering the river

- Improving the river status and coping with flood risk especially in rainy seasons by: creating protective green space on the body of deep slopes - modification reconstruction of the river wall by natural elements

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
In 10-15 years I would like to see:

- Maintaining and enhancing natural and recreational attractions by: protection of natural landscapes in the study area – identification and organization of elements with recreational values

- Recreational use of river potentials by: increasing the quality of land cover by maintenance management – protection of the gardens existing alongside the river path

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==

During recent years, the municipality of Tehran began to work on rehabilitation of river valleys. Three projects now are completed or near completion. This great movement can improve and develop the quality and quantity of Tehran environment, which is in a dangerous and catastrophic condition, but only if planners, designers and other decision makers pay attention to all aspects of rehabilitation, especially ecological and environmental principles like connectivity, coherent hydrology, compatible plantation, controlled interfering, considering buffer zones and so on. The river valleys often are a neglected part of Tehran’s urban landscape and most of them have tragic stories and inelegant features. Planning for their conservation and restoration should start for the remaining and unprotected rivers quickly because Tehran is the city of river valleys!

To sum up, southern slope of Alborz Mountain is one of the valuable natural heritage areas in Tehran. It is a traditional promenade for Tehran citizens and prevent sprawl of the city towards north direction. River-valleys upstream of Tehran have a determining role in ecotourism development in the city. Sustainable design of corridors and patches in the site provides the possibility of sustainable development of tourism activities of the river-valley.

== Image Gallery ==
''Please add further images/photos here''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
</gallery>

== References ==

*''please add your references here''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

File:Sh1.jpg

2014-12-22T14:57:26Z

Emamverdis:

Green Infrastructure 2014 Group B - Case Study 4

2014-12-22T13:07:49Z

Emamverdis: /* Analytical drawings */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_B|working group B]]

'''''please add your title here'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Evin River Valley''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Iran''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Tehran''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Sanaz Emamverdi''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[File:file.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=35.753166
|lng=51.385061
|zoom=13
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

When we move from East to West of Tehran,seven major river valleys can be seen. One of the main valleys is Evin- Darakeh river valley.
River valleys in the north of the city are as deep valleys, but when they flow through the city, for the lower depth and older history of urban texture, are almost as cored cement canals. From ecological viewpoint, river-valley ecosystem is a part of the space on the ground that meets a specific arrangement of topography, land cover, hydrography, and built environment. The slopes of Alborz Mountain Range as a main origin for establishment of Tehran City provide the citizens with tourist resorts. Unsustainable development regardless of environmental considerations in Tehran in the last three decades has led to degradation of mountain ecosystem in the northern Tehran and its surrounding plains. Considering that mountains and river valleys are natural heritage and a vital source of water supply, their conservation must be the responsibility of all society members. Tehran Master Plan highly emphasis on the importance and necessity of maintaining and developing river-valleys in Tehran as a respiratory lung of the city. They are fertile habitats that support a variety of flora and fauna and play significant roles as catchments and as places for energy and wind flows to remove air pollution from the city environment, providing opportunity for connection with the natural upland–lowland context.
Therefore, the advantages of protection and using potential of ecological systems of this river-valley, providing extensive for public recreational within the urban and rural areas, providing economic benefits and protection of cultural values and heritage.

== Author's perspective ==

I have graduated with a bachelor’s degree and I have been working in a consulting firm. I have been interested in landscape and urban design.
This site is located in the capital city of Iran which I have spent most of my life there. 7 river-valleys of Tehran always were the landmarks of this city which nowadays they have been lost among the buildings and pollution. As a matter of fact, this area has the range of potentials for green infrastructure.

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''
*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

'''Biogeography'''

The seven north–south river valleys are characteristic of natural corridors of Tehran’s landscape structure. They are fertile habitats that support a variety of flora and fauna and play significant roles as catchments and as places for energy and wind flows to remove air pollutions from the city environment, providing opportunity for connection with the natural upland–lowland context. Upland areas benefit from much better conditions than lowlands due to less environmental destruction caused by urban development. The natural hydrological corridors along the river valleys face more destructive factors and have less ecological functions from north to south because of their structural modifications. Natural corridors connect many natural and built patches scattered along them. These corridors are mostly oriented in a north–south direction. The east–west ecological connections are restricted due to the morphological structure of city.

'''Climate'''

Tehran features a semi-arid, continental climate. Tehran's climate is largely defined by its geographic location, with the towering Alborz Mountains to its north and the central desert to the south. It can be generally described as mild in the spring, hot and dry in the summer, pleasant in the autumn, and cold in the winter. As a large city with significant differences in elevation among various districts, the weather is often cooler in the hilly north as compared to the flat southern part of Tehran. Summer is usually hot and dry with very little rain, but relative humidity is generally low and the nights are cool. The majority of the light annual precipitation occurs from late-autumn to mid-spring, but no one month is particularly wet. The hottest month is July (min. temp. 26°C, max. temp. 36°C) and the coldest is January (min. temp. -1°C, max. temp. 8°C). From the south toward the north, the altitude increases, from 900 meters in low areas to 1800 meters. This difference in height results in differences in weather.

'''Overall character'''

Tehran consists of three sections: mountainous, piedmont and desert. The mountainous section includes peaks over 1800 meters. The Alborz mountain chain in the north of the City, the river valleys of the Darabad, Golab Dare, Farahzad, Kan, Evin and the low hills and urban forest parks (e.g., Lavizan, Sorkhe hesar, chitgar, Quchak) are examples of primary landscape elements which are intrinsically linked with Tehran ecological network, and provide an essential sense of place which can be appreciated from many vantage points within the city. There are other more local landscape elements that can help give areas a sense of place and which can be referred to as secondary landscape elements. Among other landscape features are natural and manmade patches, which give Tehran its unique characteristics and residential and touristic values. One of its most important natural patches is northern heights which endow the city with a special natural characteristic.
From the south toward the north, the altitude increases, from 900 meters in low areas to 1800 meters. This difference in height results in differences in weather, better vegetation and beautiful countryside in the north. As one move from the south to the north, where are many changes in the natural environmental conditions, property value, access to services and social conditions.

'''History'''

Tochal peak is 3900 meters in altitude. Its main ridges overlook the southern slopes and Tehran plain, and forms small drainage basins. The rivers flowing in these basins are the life veins of the city. Water constantly flows in these basins and probably the main reason why Tehran developed is its hydro morphological conditions influenced by its northern heights. The most important basin, which covers the southern slopes of the northern heights of the city, include: Kan, Farahzad, Darakeh and Darband basins.

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:evin1.jpg|Morphology of Tehran
Image:evin2.jpg|Tehran's landscape network
Image:evin6.jpg|your visual
Image:evin4.jpg|your visual
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:evin11.jpg|Five river-valleys of Tehran and the case study area
Image:evin12.jpg|Spatial organization of corridor in present situation
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''Look again at the multiple benefits of green infrastructure - what could be achieved in your site and which are most relevant?''

First, by revival of this river valley and beside greenery, they can act as air filters and city lungs. They play the role efficiency in order to reduce the air pollution. Moreover, by preparing a proper foundation for flowing water, there would be no more threatening for the water contamination. Second, fewer prices would be spent on transportation system and also less time would be wasted to arrive the recreational areas in north of Tehran, especially for near neighborhood and residential areas. Besides we would not be charged for the conservation of plants and green spaces when we put them on their natural structure and for planting because we have appropriate soil, water and plants. Third, by this revitalization, river-valleys as the only natural heritages in Alborz foothill would return to people’s life, like what Tehran has been before. It can also be the revival of people’s collective memory, original historical views and increasing the city legibility. Therefore, by revitalizing of the river-valley as a linear green infrastructure from north to south of the city, we have ecological benefits, economic benefits and social and cultural benefits together, which they are the main aspects of sustainable development.
== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Green infrastructure has typically multiple functions. What could be achieved for your site in this respect?''

River valleys and green urban spaces by providing the multi-functional spaces such as recreational, aesthetical, infrastructural, social and cultural …, have the potential to be used as one of the most efficient tools to reduce the environmental issues.
This site has the opportunity to integrate river-valleys and green spaces in a network of multi-functional areas. Then, in order to maintain the idea of reviving this river-valley and green spaces we can establish parallel linear park based on river-valley, planning and allocating appropriate situation for streets, sidewalks, bicycle trail and other necessary facilities, assigning clean and public transportation into the river-valleys to achieve a proper connectivity and using vernacular plants of Tehran in valley to maintain the original nature and many other strategies. Therefore, it could result in reducing and improving a lot of problems such as water and sewage contamination, air pollution, sonic pollution and insecurity ….

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
In the near future I hope to see:

- Preventing contamination of water along the river and maintaining the water quality by designing waste water pathways and preventing it from entering the river

- Improving the river status and coping with flood risk especially in rainy seasons by: creating protective green space on the body of deep slopes - modification reconstruction of the river wall by natural elements

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
In 10-15 years I would like to see:

- Maintaining and enhancing natural and recreational attractions by: protection of natural landscapes in the study area – identification and organization of elements with recreational values

- Recreational use of river potentials by: increasing the quality of land cover by maintenance management – protection of the gardens existing alongside the river path

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==

During recent years, the municipality of Tehran began to work on rehabilitation of river valleys. Three projects now are completed or near completion. This great movement can improve and develop the quality and quantity of Tehran environment, which is in a dangerous and catastrophic condition, but only if planners, designers and other decision makers pay attention to all aspects of rehabilitation, especially ecological and environmental principles like connectivity, coherent hydrology, compatible plantation, controlled interfering, considering buffer zones and so on. The river valleys often are a neglected part of Tehran’s urban landscape and most of them have tragic stories and inelegant features. Planning for their conservation and restoration should start for the remaining and unprotected rivers quickly because Tehran is the city of river valleys!

To sum up, southern slope of Alborz Mountain is one of the valuable natural heritage areas in Tehran. It is a traditional promenade for Tehran citizens and prevent sprawl of the city towards north direction. River-valleys upstream of Tehran have a determining role in ecotourism development in the city. Sustainable design of corridors and patches in the site provides the possibility of sustainable development of tourism activities of the river-valley.

== Image Gallery ==
''Please add further images/photos here''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
</gallery>

== References ==

*''please add your references here''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

File:Evin12.jpg

2014-12-22T13:06:37Z

Emamverdis:

Green Infrastructure 2014 Group B - Case Study 4

2014-12-22T13:02:24Z

Emamverdis: /* Analytical drawings */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_B|working group B]]

'''''please add your title here'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Evin River Valley''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Iran''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Tehran''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Sanaz Emamverdi''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[File:file.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=35.753166
|lng=51.385061
|zoom=13
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

When we move from East to West of Tehran,seven major river valleys can be seen. One of the main valleys is Evin- Darakeh river valley.
River valleys in the north of the city are as deep valleys, but when they flow through the city, for the lower depth and older history of urban texture, are almost as cored cement canals. From ecological viewpoint, river-valley ecosystem is a part of the space on the ground that meets a specific arrangement of topography, land cover, hydrography, and built environment. The slopes of Alborz Mountain Range as a main origin for establishment of Tehran City provide the citizens with tourist resorts. Unsustainable development regardless of environmental considerations in Tehran in the last three decades has led to degradation of mountain ecosystem in the northern Tehran and its surrounding plains. Considering that mountains and river valleys are natural heritage and a vital source of water supply, their conservation must be the responsibility of all society members. Tehran Master Plan highly emphasis on the importance and necessity of maintaining and developing river-valleys in Tehran as a respiratory lung of the city. They are fertile habitats that support a variety of flora and fauna and play significant roles as catchments and as places for energy and wind flows to remove air pollution from the city environment, providing opportunity for connection with the natural upland–lowland context.
Therefore, the advantages of protection and using potential of ecological systems of this river-valley, providing extensive for public recreational within the urban and rural areas, providing economic benefits and protection of cultural values and heritage.

== Author's perspective ==

I have graduated with a bachelor’s degree and I have been working in a consulting firm. I have been interested in landscape and urban design.
This site is located in the capital city of Iran which I have spent most of my life there. 7 river-valleys of Tehran always were the landmarks of this city which nowadays they have been lost among the buildings and pollution. As a matter of fact, this area has the range of potentials for green infrastructure.

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''
*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

'''Biogeography'''

The seven north–south river valleys are characteristic of natural corridors of Tehran’s landscape structure. They are fertile habitats that support a variety of flora and fauna and play significant roles as catchments and as places for energy and wind flows to remove air pollutions from the city environment, providing opportunity for connection with the natural upland–lowland context. Upland areas benefit from much better conditions than lowlands due to less environmental destruction caused by urban development. The natural hydrological corridors along the river valleys face more destructive factors and have less ecological functions from north to south because of their structural modifications. Natural corridors connect many natural and built patches scattered along them. These corridors are mostly oriented in a north–south direction. The east–west ecological connections are restricted due to the morphological structure of city.

'''Climate'''

Tehran features a semi-arid, continental climate. Tehran's climate is largely defined by its geographic location, with the towering Alborz Mountains to its north and the central desert to the south. It can be generally described as mild in the spring, hot and dry in the summer, pleasant in the autumn, and cold in the winter. As a large city with significant differences in elevation among various districts, the weather is often cooler in the hilly north as compared to the flat southern part of Tehran. Summer is usually hot and dry with very little rain, but relative humidity is generally low and the nights are cool. The majority of the light annual precipitation occurs from late-autumn to mid-spring, but no one month is particularly wet. The hottest month is July (min. temp. 26°C, max. temp. 36°C) and the coldest is January (min. temp. -1°C, max. temp. 8°C). From the south toward the north, the altitude increases, from 900 meters in low areas to 1800 meters. This difference in height results in differences in weather.

'''Overall character'''

Tehran consists of three sections: mountainous, piedmont and desert. The mountainous section includes peaks over 1800 meters. The Alborz mountain chain in the north of the City, the river valleys of the Darabad, Golab Dare, Farahzad, Kan, Evin and the low hills and urban forest parks (e.g., Lavizan, Sorkhe hesar, chitgar, Quchak) are examples of primary landscape elements which are intrinsically linked with Tehran ecological network, and provide an essential sense of place which can be appreciated from many vantage points within the city. There are other more local landscape elements that can help give areas a sense of place and which can be referred to as secondary landscape elements. Among other landscape features are natural and manmade patches, which give Tehran its unique characteristics and residential and touristic values. One of its most important natural patches is northern heights which endow the city with a special natural characteristic.
From the south toward the north, the altitude increases, from 900 meters in low areas to 1800 meters. This difference in height results in differences in weather, better vegetation and beautiful countryside in the north. As one move from the south to the north, where are many changes in the natural environmental conditions, property value, access to services and social conditions.

'''History'''

Tochal peak is 3900 meters in altitude. Its main ridges overlook the southern slopes and Tehran plain, and forms small drainage basins. The rivers flowing in these basins are the life veins of the city. Water constantly flows in these basins and probably the main reason why Tehran developed is its hydro morphological conditions influenced by its northern heights. The most important basin, which covers the southern slopes of the northern heights of the city, include: Kan, Farahzad, Darakeh and Darband basins.

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:evin1.jpg|Morphology of Tehran
Image:evin2.jpg|Tehran's landscape network
Image:evin6.jpg|your visual
Image:evin4.jpg|your visual
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:evin11.jpg|Five river-valleys of Tehran and the case study area
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''Look again at the multiple benefits of green infrastructure - what could be achieved in your site and which are most relevant?''

First, by revival of this river valley and beside greenery, they can act as air filters and city lungs. They play the role efficiency in order to reduce the air pollution. Moreover, by preparing a proper foundation for flowing water, there would be no more threatening for the water contamination. Second, fewer prices would be spent on transportation system and also less time would be wasted to arrive the recreational areas in north of Tehran, especially for near neighborhood and residential areas. Besides we would not be charged for the conservation of plants and green spaces when we put them on their natural structure and for planting because we have appropriate soil, water and plants. Third, by this revitalization, river-valleys as the only natural heritages in Alborz foothill would return to people’s life, like what Tehran has been before. It can also be the revival of people’s collective memory, original historical views and increasing the city legibility. Therefore, by revitalizing of the river-valley as a linear green infrastructure from north to south of the city, we have ecological benefits, economic benefits and social and cultural benefits together, which they are the main aspects of sustainable development.
== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Green infrastructure has typically multiple functions. What could be achieved for your site in this respect?''

River valleys and green urban spaces by providing the multi-functional spaces such as recreational, aesthetical, infrastructural, social and cultural …, have the potential to be used as one of the most efficient tools to reduce the environmental issues.
This site has the opportunity to integrate river-valleys and green spaces in a network of multi-functional areas. Then, in order to maintain the idea of reviving this river-valley and green spaces we can establish parallel linear park based on river-valley, planning and allocating appropriate situation for streets, sidewalks, bicycle trail and other necessary facilities, assigning clean and public transportation into the river-valleys to achieve a proper connectivity and using vernacular plants of Tehran in valley to maintain the original nature and many other strategies. Therefore, it could result in reducing and improving a lot of problems such as water and sewage contamination, air pollution, sonic pollution and insecurity ….

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
In the near future I hope to see:

- Preventing contamination of water along the river and maintaining the water quality by designing waste water pathways and preventing it from entering the river

- Improving the river status and coping with flood risk especially in rainy seasons by: creating protective green space on the body of deep slopes - modification reconstruction of the river wall by natural elements

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
In 10-15 years I would like to see:

- Maintaining and enhancing natural and recreational attractions by: protection of natural landscapes in the study area – identification and organization of elements with recreational values

- Recreational use of river potentials by: increasing the quality of land cover by maintenance management – protection of the gardens existing alongside the river path

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==

During recent years, the municipality of Tehran began to work on rehabilitation of river valleys. Three projects now are completed or near completion. This great movement can improve and develop the quality and quantity of Tehran environment, which is in a dangerous and catastrophic condition, but only if planners, designers and other decision makers pay attention to all aspects of rehabilitation, especially ecological and environmental principles like connectivity, coherent hydrology, compatible plantation, controlled interfering, considering buffer zones and so on. The river valleys often are a neglected part of Tehran’s urban landscape and most of them have tragic stories and inelegant features. Planning for their conservation and restoration should start for the remaining and unprotected rivers quickly because Tehran is the city of river valleys!

To sum up, southern slope of Alborz Mountain is one of the valuable natural heritage areas in Tehran. It is a traditional promenade for Tehran citizens and prevent sprawl of the city towards north direction. River-valleys upstream of Tehran have a determining role in ecotourism development in the city. Sustainable design of corridors and patches in the site provides the possibility of sustainable development of tourism activities of the river-valley.

== Image Gallery ==
''Please add further images/photos here''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
</gallery>

== References ==

*''please add your references here''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

File:Evin11.jpg

2014-12-22T12:59:01Z

Emamverdis:

Green Infrastructure 2014 Group B - Case Study 4

2014-12-22T12:35:20Z

Emamverdis:

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_B|working group B]]

'''''please add your title here'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Evin River Valley''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Iran''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Tehran''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Sanaz Emamverdi''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[File:file.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=35.753166
|lng=51.385061
|zoom=13
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

When we move from East to West of Tehran,seven major river valleys can be seen. One of the main valleys is Evin- Darakeh river valley.
River valleys in the north of the city are as deep valleys, but when they flow through the city, for the lower depth and older history of urban texture, are almost as cored cement canals. From ecological viewpoint, river-valley ecosystem is a part of the space on the ground that meets a specific arrangement of topography, land cover, hydrography, and built environment. The slopes of Alborz Mountain Range as a main origin for establishment of Tehran City provide the citizens with tourist resorts. Unsustainable development regardless of environmental considerations in Tehran in the last three decades has led to degradation of mountain ecosystem in the northern Tehran and its surrounding plains. Considering that mountains and river valleys are natural heritage and a vital source of water supply, their conservation must be the responsibility of all society members. Tehran Master Plan highly emphasis on the importance and necessity of maintaining and developing river-valleys in Tehran as a respiratory lung of the city. They are fertile habitats that support a variety of flora and fauna and play significant roles as catchments and as places for energy and wind flows to remove air pollution from the city environment, providing opportunity for connection with the natural upland–lowland context.
Therefore, the advantages of protection and using potential of ecological systems of this river-valley, providing extensive for public recreational within the urban and rural areas, providing economic benefits and protection of cultural values and heritage.

== Author's perspective ==

I have graduated with a bachelor’s degree and I have been working in a consulting firm. I have been interested in landscape and urban design.
This site is located in the capital city of Iran which I have spent most of my life there. 7 river-valleys of Tehran always were the landmarks of this city which nowadays they have been lost among the buildings and pollution. As a matter of fact, this area has the range of potentials for green infrastructure.

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''
*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

'''Biogeography'''

The seven north–south river valleys are characteristic of natural corridors of Tehran’s landscape structure. They are fertile habitats that support a variety of flora and fauna and play significant roles as catchments and as places for energy and wind flows to remove air pollutions from the city environment, providing opportunity for connection with the natural upland–lowland context. Upland areas benefit from much better conditions than lowlands due to less environmental destruction caused by urban development. The natural hydrological corridors along the river valleys face more destructive factors and have less ecological functions from north to south because of their structural modifications. Natural corridors connect many natural and built patches scattered along them. These corridors are mostly oriented in a north–south direction. The east–west ecological connections are restricted due to the morphological structure of city.

'''Climate'''

Tehran features a semi-arid, continental climate. Tehran's climate is largely defined by its geographic location, with the towering Alborz Mountains to its north and the central desert to the south. It can be generally described as mild in the spring, hot and dry in the summer, pleasant in the autumn, and cold in the winter. As a large city with significant differences in elevation among various districts, the weather is often cooler in the hilly north as compared to the flat southern part of Tehran. Summer is usually hot and dry with very little rain, but relative humidity is generally low and the nights are cool. The majority of the light annual precipitation occurs from late-autumn to mid-spring, but no one month is particularly wet. The hottest month is July (min. temp. 26°C, max. temp. 36°C) and the coldest is January (min. temp. -1°C, max. temp. 8°C). From the south toward the north, the altitude increases, from 900 meters in low areas to 1800 meters. This difference in height results in differences in weather.

'''Overall character'''

Tehran consists of three sections: mountainous, piedmont and desert. The mountainous section includes peaks over 1800 meters. The Alborz mountain chain in the north of the City, the river valleys of the Darabad, Golab Dare, Farahzad, Kan, Evin and the low hills and urban forest parks (e.g., Lavizan, Sorkhe hesar, chitgar, Quchak) are examples of primary landscape elements which are intrinsically linked with Tehran ecological network, and provide an essential sense of place which can be appreciated from many vantage points within the city. There are other more local landscape elements that can help give areas a sense of place and which can be referred to as secondary landscape elements. Among other landscape features are natural and manmade patches, which give Tehran its unique characteristics and residential and touristic values. One of its most important natural patches is northern heights which endow the city with a special natural characteristic.
From the south toward the north, the altitude increases, from 900 meters in low areas to 1800 meters. This difference in height results in differences in weather, better vegetation and beautiful countryside in the north. As one move from the south to the north, where are many changes in the natural environmental conditions, property value, access to services and social conditions.

'''History'''

Tochal peak is 3900 meters in altitude. Its main ridges overlook the southern slopes and Tehran plain, and forms small drainage basins. The rivers flowing in these basins are the life veins of the city. Water constantly flows in these basins and probably the main reason why Tehran developed is its hydro morphological conditions influenced by its northern heights. The most important basin, which covers the southern slopes of the northern heights of the city, include: Kan, Farahzad, Darakeh and Darband basins.

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:evin1.jpg|Morphology of Tehran
Image:evin2.jpg|Tehran's landscape network
Image:evin6.jpg|your visual
Image:evin4.jpg|your visual
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''Look again at the multiple benefits of green infrastructure - what could be achieved in your site and which are most relevant?''

First, by revival of this river valley and beside greenery, they can act as air filters and city lungs. They play the role efficiency in order to reduce the air pollution. Moreover, by preparing a proper foundation for flowing water, there would be no more threatening for the water contamination. Second, fewer prices would be spent on transportation system and also less time would be wasted to arrive the recreational areas in north of Tehran, especially for near neighborhood and residential areas. Besides we would not be charged for the conservation of plants and green spaces when we put them on their natural structure and for planting because we have appropriate soil, water and plants. Third, by this revitalization, river-valleys as the only natural heritages in Alborz foothill would return to people’s life, like what Tehran has been before. It can also be the revival of people’s collective memory, original historical views and increasing the city legibility. Therefore, by revitalizing of the river-valley as a linear green infrastructure from north to south of the city, we have ecological benefits, economic benefits and social and cultural benefits together, which they are the main aspects of sustainable development.
== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Green infrastructure has typically multiple functions. What could be achieved for your site in this respect?''

River valleys and green urban spaces by providing the multi-functional spaces such as recreational, aesthetical, infrastructural, social and cultural …, have the potential to be used as one of the most efficient tools to reduce the environmental issues.
This site has the opportunity to integrate river-valleys and green spaces in a network of multi-functional areas. Then, in order to maintain the idea of reviving this river-valley and green spaces we can establish parallel linear park based on river-valley, planning and allocating appropriate situation for streets, sidewalks, bicycle trail and other necessary facilities, assigning clean and public transportation into the river-valleys to achieve a proper connectivity and using vernacular plants of Tehran in valley to maintain the original nature and many other strategies. Therefore, it could result in reducing and improving a lot of problems such as water and sewage contamination, air pollution, sonic pollution and insecurity ….

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
In the near future I hope to see:

- Preventing contamination of water along the river and maintaining the water quality by designing waste water pathways and preventing it from entering the river

- Improving the river status and coping with flood risk especially in rainy seasons by: creating protective green space on the body of deep slopes - modification reconstruction of the river wall by natural elements

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
In 10-15 years I would like to see:

- Maintaining and enhancing natural and recreational attractions by: protection of natural landscapes in the study area – identification and organization of elements with recreational values

- Recreational use of river potentials by: increasing the quality of land cover by maintenance management – protection of the gardens existing alongside the river path

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==

During recent years, the municipality of Tehran began to work on rehabilitation of river valleys. Three projects now are completed or near completion. This great movement can improve and develop the quality and quantity of Tehran environment, which is in a dangerous and catastrophic condition, but only if planners, designers and other decision makers pay attention to all aspects of rehabilitation, especially ecological and environmental principles like connectivity, coherent hydrology, compatible plantation, controlled interfering, considering buffer zones and so on. The river valleys often are a neglected part of Tehran’s urban landscape and most of them have tragic stories and inelegant features. Planning for their conservation and restoration should start for the remaining and unprotected rivers quickly because Tehran is the city of river valleys!

To sum up, southern slope of Alborz Mountain is one of the valuable natural heritage areas in Tehran. It is a traditional promenade for Tehran citizens and prevent sprawl of the city towards north direction. River-valleys upstream of Tehran have a determining role in ecotourism development in the city. Sustainable design of corridors and patches in the site provides the possibility of sustainable development of tourism activities of the river-valley.

== Image Gallery ==
''Please add further images/photos here''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
</gallery>

== References ==

*''please add your references here''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Green Infrastructure 2014 Group B - Case Study 4

2014-12-22T12:34:19Z

Emamverdis:

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_B|working group B]]

'''''please add your title here'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Evin River Valley''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Iran''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Tehran''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Sanaz Emamverdi''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[File:file.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=35.753166
|lng=51.385061
|zoom=13
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

When we move from East to West of Tehran,seven major river valleys can be seen. One of the main valleys is Evin- Darakeh river valley.
River valleys in the north of the city are as deep valleys, but when they flow through the city, for the lower depth and older history of urban texture, are almost as cored cement canals. From ecological viewpoint, river-valley ecosystem is a part of the space on the ground that meets a specific arrangement of topography, land cover, hydrography, and built environment. The slopes of Alborz Mountain Range as a main origin for establishment of Tehran City provide the citizens with tourist resorts. Unsustainable development regardless of environmental considerations in Tehran in the last three decades has led to degradation of mountain ecosystem in the northern Tehran and its surrounding plains. Considering that mountains and river valleys are natural heritage and a vital source of water supply, their conservation must be the responsibility of all society members. Tehran Master Plan highly emphasis on the importance and necessity of maintaining and developing river-valleys in Tehran as a respiratory lung of the city. They are fertile habitats that support a variety of flora and fauna and play significant roles as catchments and as places for energy and wind flows to remove air pollution from the city environment, providing opportunity for connection with the natural upland–lowland context.
Therefore, the advantages of protection and using potential of ecological systems of this river-valley, providing extensive for public recreational within the urban and rural areas, providing economic benefits and protection of cultural values and heritage.

== Author's perspective ==

I have graduated with a bachelor’s degree and I have been working in a consulting firm. I have been interested in landscape and urban design.
This site is located in the capital city of Iran which I have spent most of my life there. 7 river-valleys of Tehran always were the landmarks of this city which nowadays they have been lost among the buildings and pollution. As a matter of fact, this area has the range of potentials for green infrastructure.

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''
*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

'''Biogeography'''

The seven north–south river valleys are characteristic of natural corridors of Tehran’s landscape structure. They are fertile habitats that support a variety of flora and fauna and play significant roles as catchments and as places for energy and wind flows to remove air pollutions from the city environment, providing opportunity for connection with the natural upland–lowland context. Upland areas benefit from much better conditions than lowlands due to less environmental destruction caused by urban development. The natural hydrological corridors along the river valleys face more destructive factors and have less ecological functions from north to south because of their structural modifications. Natural corridors connect many natural and built patches scattered along them. These corridors are mostly oriented in a north–south direction. The east–west ecological connections are restricted due to the morphological structure of city.

'''Climate'''

Tehran features a semi-arid, continental climate. Tehran's climate is largely defined by its geographic location, with the towering Alborz Mountains to its north and the central desert to the south. It can be generally described as mild in the spring, hot and dry in the summer, pleasant in the autumn, and cold in the winter. As a large city with significant differences in elevation among various districts, the weather is often cooler in the hilly north as compared to the flat southern part of Tehran. Summer is usually hot and dry with very little rain, but relative humidity is generally low and the nights are cool. The majority of the light annual precipitation occurs from late-autumn to mid-spring, but no one month is particularly wet. The hottest month is July (min. temp. 26°C, max. temp. 36°C) and the coldest is January (min. temp. -1°C, max. temp. 8°C). From the south toward the north, the altitude increases, from 900 meters in low areas to 1800 meters. This difference in height results in differences in weather.

'''Overall character'''

Tehran consists of three sections: mountainous, piedmont and desert. The mountainous section includes peaks over 1800 meters. The Alborz mountain chain in the north of the City, the river valleys of the Darabad, Golab Dare, Farahzad, Kan, Evin and the low hills and urban forest parks (e.g., Lavizan, Sorkhe hesar, chitgar, Quchak) are examples of primary landscape elements which are intrinsically linked with Tehran ecological network, and provide an essential sense of place which can be appreciated from many vantage points within the city. There are other more local landscape elements that can help give areas a sense of place and which can be referred to as secondary landscape elements. Among other landscape features are natural and manmade patches, which give Tehran its unique characteristics and residential and touristic values. One of its most important natural patches is northern heights which endow the city with a special natural characteristic.
From the south toward the north, the altitude increases, from 900 meters in low areas to 1800 meters. This difference in height results in differences in weather, better vegetation and beautiful countryside in the north. As one move from the south to the north, where are many changes in the natural environmental conditions, property value, access to services and social conditions.

'''History'''

Tochal peak is 3900 meters in altitude. Its main ridges overlook the southern slopes and Tehran plain, and forms small drainage basins. The rivers flowing in these basins are the life veins of the city. Water constantly flows in these basins and probably the main reason why Tehran developed is its hydro morphological conditions influenced by its northern heights. The most important basin, which covers the southern slopes of the northern heights of the city, include: Kan, Farahzad, Darakeh and Darband basins.

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:evin1.jpg|Morphology of Tehran
Image:evin2.jpg|Tehran's landscape network
Image:Evin5.jpg|your visual
Image:evin4.jpg|your visual
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''Look again at the multiple benefits of green infrastructure - what could be achieved in your site and which are most relevant?''

First, by revival of this river valley and beside greenery, they can act as air filters and city lungs. They play the role efficiency in order to reduce the air pollution. Moreover, by preparing a proper foundation for flowing water, there would be no more threatening for the water contamination. Second, fewer prices would be spent on transportation system and also less time would be wasted to arrive the recreational areas in north of Tehran, especially for near neighborhood and residential areas. Besides we would not be charged for the conservation of plants and green spaces when we put them on their natural structure and for planting because we have appropriate soil, water and plants. Third, by this revitalization, river-valleys as the only natural heritages in Alborz foothill would return to people’s life, like what Tehran has been before. It can also be the revival of people’s collective memory, original historical views and increasing the city legibility. Therefore, by revitalizing of the river-valley as a linear green infrastructure from north to south of the city, we have ecological benefits, economic benefits and social and cultural benefits together, which they are the main aspects of sustainable development.
== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Green infrastructure has typically multiple functions. What could be achieved for your site in this respect?''

River valleys and green urban spaces by providing the multi-functional spaces such as recreational, aesthetical, infrastructural, social and cultural …, have the potential to be used as one of the most efficient tools to reduce the environmental issues.
This site has the opportunity to integrate river-valleys and green spaces in a network of multi-functional areas. Then, in order to maintain the idea of reviving this river-valley and green spaces we can establish parallel linear park based on river-valley, planning and allocating appropriate situation for streets, sidewalks, bicycle trail and other necessary facilities, assigning clean and public transportation into the river-valleys to achieve a proper connectivity and using vernacular plants of Tehran in valley to maintain the original nature and many other strategies. Therefore, it could result in reducing and improving a lot of problems such as water and sewage contamination, air pollution, sonic pollution and insecurity ….

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
In the near future I hope to see:

- Preventing contamination of water along the river and maintaining the water quality by designing waste water pathways and preventing it from entering the river

- Improving the river status and coping with flood risk especially in rainy seasons by: creating protective green space on the body of deep slopes - modification reconstruction of the river wall by natural elements

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
In 10-15 years I would like to see:

- Maintaining and enhancing natural and recreational attractions by: protection of natural landscapes in the study area – identification and organization of elements with recreational values

- Recreational use of river potentials by: increasing the quality of land cover by maintenance management – protection of the gardens existing alongside the river path

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==

During recent years, the municipality of Tehran began to work on rehabilitation of river valleys. Three projects now are completed or near completion. This great movement can improve and develop the quality and quantity of Tehran environment, which is in a dangerous and catastrophic condition, but only if planners, designers and other decision makers pay attention to all aspects of rehabilitation, especially ecological and environmental principles like connectivity, coherent hydrology, compatible plantation, controlled interfering, considering buffer zones and so on. The river valleys often are a neglected part of Tehran’s urban landscape and most of them have tragic stories and inelegant features. Planning for their conservation and restoration should start for the remaining and unprotected rivers quickly because Tehran is the city of river valleys!

To sum up, southern slope of Alborz Mountain is one of the valuable natural heritage areas in Tehran. It is a traditional promenade for Tehran citizens and prevent sprawl of the city towards north direction. River-valleys upstream of Tehran have a determining role in ecotourism development in the city. Sustainable design of corridors and patches in the site provides the possibility of sustainable development of tourism activities of the river-valley.

== Image Gallery ==
''Please add further images/photos here''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
</gallery>

== References ==

*''please add your references here''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Green Infrastructure 2014 Group B - Case Study 4

2014-12-20T10:35:18Z

Emamverdis: /* Summary and conclusion */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_B|working group B]]

'''''please add your title here'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Evin River Valley''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Iran''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Tehran''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Sanaz Emamverdi''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[File:file.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=35.753166
|lng=51.385061
|zoom=13
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

When we move from East to West of Tehran,seven major river valleys can be seen. One of the main valleys is Evin- Darakeh river valley.
River valleys in the north of the city are as deep valleys, but when they flow through the city, for the lower depth and older history of urban texture, are almost as cored cement canals. From ecological viewpoint, river-valley ecosystem is a part of the space on the ground that meets a specific arrangement of topography, land cover, hydrography, and built environment. The slopes of Alborz Mountain Range as a main origin for establishment of Tehran City provide the citizens with tourist resorts. Unsustainable development regardless of environmental considerations in Tehran in the last three decades has led to degradation of mountain ecosystem in the northern Tehran and its surrounding plains. Considering that mountains and river valleys are natural heritage and a vital source of water supply, their conservation must be the responsibility of all society members. Tehran Master Plan highly emphasis on the importance and necessity of maintaining and developing river-valleys in Tehran as a respiratory lung of the city. They are fertile habitats that support a variety of flora and fauna and play significant roles as catchments and as places for energy and wind flows to remove air pollution from the city environment, providing opportunity for connection with the natural upland–lowland context.
Therefore, the advantages of protection and using potential of ecological systems of this river-valley, providing extensive for public recreational within the urban and rural areas, providing economic benefits and protection of cultural values and heritage.

== Author's perspective ==

I have graduated with a bachelor’s degree and I have been working in a consulting firm. I have been interested in landscape and urban design.
This site is located in the capital city of Iran which I have spent most of my life there. 7 river-valleys of Tehran always were the landmarks of this city which nowadays they have been lost among the buildings and pollution. As a matter of fact, this area has the range of potentials for green infrastructure.

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''
*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

'''Biogeography'''

The seven north–south river valleys are characteristic of natural corridors of Tehran’s landscape structure. They are fertile habitats that support a variety of flora and fauna and play significant roles as catchments and as places for energy and wind flows to remove air pollutions from the city environment, providing opportunity for connection with the natural upland–lowland context. Upland areas benefit from much better conditions than lowlands due to less environmental destruction caused by urban development. The natural hydrological corridors along the river valleys face more destructive factors and have less ecological functions from north to south because of their structural modifications. Natural corridors connect many natural and built patches scattered along them. These corridors are mostly oriented in a north–south direction. The east–west ecological connections are restricted due to the morphological structure of city.

'''Climate'''

Tehran features a semi-arid, continental climate. Tehran's climate is largely defined by its geographic location, with the towering Alborz Mountains to its north and the central desert to the south. It can be generally described as mild in the spring, hot and dry in the summer, pleasant in the autumn, and cold in the winter. As a large city with significant differences in elevation among various districts, the weather is often cooler in the hilly north as compared to the flat southern part of Tehran. Summer is usually hot and dry with very little rain, but relative humidity is generally low and the nights are cool. The majority of the light annual precipitation occurs from late-autumn to mid-spring, but no one month is particularly wet. The hottest month is July (min. temp. 26°C, max. temp. 36°C) and the coldest is January (min. temp. -1°C, max. temp. 8°C). From the south toward the north, the altitude increases, from 900 meters in low areas to 1800 meters. This difference in height results in differences in weather.

'''Overall character'''

Tehran consists of three sections: mountainous, piedmont and desert. The mountainous section includes peaks over 1800 meters. The Alborz mountain chain in the north of the City, the river valleys of the Darabad, Golab Dare, Farahzad, Kan, Evin and the low hills and urban forest parks (e.g., Lavizan, Sorkhe hesar, chitgar, Quchak) are examples of primary landscape elements which are intrinsically linked with Tehran ecological network, and provide an essential sense of place which can be appreciated from many vantage points within the city. There are other more local landscape elements that can help give areas a sense of place and which can be referred to as secondary landscape elements. Among other landscape features are natural and manmade patches, which give Tehran its unique characteristics and residential and touristic values. One of its most important natural patches is northern heights which endow the city with a special natural characteristic.
From the south toward the north, the altitude increases, from 900 meters in low areas to 1800 meters. This difference in height results in differences in weather, better vegetation and beautiful countryside in the north. As one move from the south to the north, where are many changes in the natural environmental conditions, property value, access to services and social conditions.

'''History'''

Tochal peak is 3900 meters in altitude. Its main ridges overlook the southern slopes and Tehran plain, and forms small drainage basins. The rivers flowing in these basins are the life veins of the city. Water constantly flows in these basins and probably the main reason why Tehran developed is its hydro morphological conditions influenced by its northern heights. The most important basin, which covers the southern slopes of the northern heights of the city, include: Kan, Farahzad, Darakeh and Darband basins.

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:evin1.jpg|Morphology of Tehran
Image:evin2.jpg|Tehran's landscape network
Image:evin6.jpg|your visual
Image:evin5.jpg|your visual
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''Look again at the multiple benefits of green infrastructure - what could be achieved in your site and which are most relevant?''

First, by revival of this river valley and beside greenery, they can act as air filters and city lungs. They play the role efficiency in order to reduce the air pollution. Moreover, by preparing a proper foundation for flowing water, there would be no more threatening for the water contamination. Second, fewer prices would be spent on transportation system and also less time would be wasted to arrive the recreational areas in north of Tehran, especially for near neighborhood and residential areas. Besides we would not be charged for the conservation of plants and green spaces when we put them on their natural structure and for planting because we have appropriate soil, water and plants. Third, by this revitalization, river-valleys as the only natural heritages in Alborz foothill would return to people’s life, like what Tehran has been before. It can also be the revival of people’s collective memory, original historical views and increasing the city legibility. Therefore, by revitalizing of the river-valley as a linear green infrastructure from north to south of the city, we have ecological benefits, economic benefits and social and cultural benefits together, which they are the main aspects of sustainable development.
== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Green infrastructure has typically multiple functions. What could be achieved for your site in this respect?''

River valleys and green urban spaces by providing the multi-functional spaces such as recreational, aesthetical, infrastructural, social and cultural …, have the potential to be used as one of the most efficient tools to reduce the environmental issues.
This site has the opportunity to integrate river-valleys and green spaces in a network of multi-functional areas. Then, in order to maintain the idea of reviving this river-valley and green spaces we can establish parallel linear park based on river-valley, planning and allocating appropriate situation for streets, sidewalks, bicycle trail and other necessary facilities, assigning clean and public transportation into the river-valleys to achieve a proper connectivity and using vernacular plants of Tehran in valley to maintain the original nature and many other strategies. Therefore, it could result in reducing and improving a lot of problems such as water and sewage contamination, air pollution, sonic pollution and insecurity ….

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
In the near future I hope to see:

- Preventing contamination of water along the river and maintaining the water quality by designing waste water pathways and preventing it from entering the river

- Improving the river status and coping with flood risk especially in rainy seasons by: creating protective green space on the body of deep slopes - modification reconstruction of the river wall by natural elements

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
In 10-15 years I would like to see:

- Maintaining and enhancing natural and recreational attractions by: protection of natural landscapes in the study area – identification and organization of elements with recreational values

- Recreational use of river potentials by: increasing the quality of land cover by maintenance management – protection of the gardens existing alongside the river path

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==

During recent years, the municipality of Tehran began to work on rehabilitation of river valleys. Three projects now are completed or near completion. This great movement can improve and develop the quality and quantity of Tehran environment, which is in a dangerous and catastrophic condition, but only if planners, designers and other decision makers pay attention to all aspects of rehabilitation, especially ecological and environmental principles like connectivity, coherent hydrology, compatible plantation, controlled interfering, considering buffer zones and so on. The river valleys often are a neglected part of Tehran’s urban landscape and most of them have tragic stories and inelegant features. Planning for their conservation and restoration should start for the remaining and unprotected rivers quickly because Tehran is the city of river valleys!

To sum up, southern slope of Alborz Mountain is one of the valuable natural heritage areas in Tehran. It is a traditional promenade for Tehran citizens and prevent sprawl of the city towards north direction. River-valleys upstream of Tehran have a determining role in ecotourism development in the city. Sustainable design of corridors and patches in the site provides the possibility of sustainable development of tourism activities of the river-valley.

== Image Gallery ==
''Please add further images/photos here''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
</gallery>

== References ==

*''please add your references here''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Green Infrastructure 2014 Group B - Case Study 4

2014-12-20T10:33:17Z

Emamverdis: /* Summary and conclusion */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_B|working group B]]

'''''please add your title here'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Evin River Valley''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Iran''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Tehran''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Sanaz Emamverdi''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[File:file.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=35.753166
|lng=51.385061
|zoom=13
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

When we move from East to West of Tehran,seven major river valleys can be seen. One of the main valleys is Evin- Darakeh river valley.
River valleys in the north of the city are as deep valleys, but when they flow through the city, for the lower depth and older history of urban texture, are almost as cored cement canals. From ecological viewpoint, river-valley ecosystem is a part of the space on the ground that meets a specific arrangement of topography, land cover, hydrography, and built environment. The slopes of Alborz Mountain Range as a main origin for establishment of Tehran City provide the citizens with tourist resorts. Unsustainable development regardless of environmental considerations in Tehran in the last three decades has led to degradation of mountain ecosystem in the northern Tehran and its surrounding plains. Considering that mountains and river valleys are natural heritage and a vital source of water supply, their conservation must be the responsibility of all society members. Tehran Master Plan highly emphasis on the importance and necessity of maintaining and developing river-valleys in Tehran as a respiratory lung of the city. They are fertile habitats that support a variety of flora and fauna and play significant roles as catchments and as places for energy and wind flows to remove air pollution from the city environment, providing opportunity for connection with the natural upland–lowland context.
Therefore, the advantages of protection and using potential of ecological systems of this river-valley, providing extensive for public recreational within the urban and rural areas, providing economic benefits and protection of cultural values and heritage.

== Author's perspective ==

I have graduated with a bachelor’s degree and I have been working in a consulting firm. I have been interested in landscape and urban design.
This site is located in the capital city of Iran which I have spent most of my life there. 7 river-valleys of Tehran always were the landmarks of this city which nowadays they have been lost among the buildings and pollution. As a matter of fact, this area has the range of potentials for green infrastructure.

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''
*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

'''Biogeography'''

The seven north–south river valleys are characteristic of natural corridors of Tehran’s landscape structure. They are fertile habitats that support a variety of flora and fauna and play significant roles as catchments and as places for energy and wind flows to remove air pollutions from the city environment, providing opportunity for connection with the natural upland–lowland context. Upland areas benefit from much better conditions than lowlands due to less environmental destruction caused by urban development. The natural hydrological corridors along the river valleys face more destructive factors and have less ecological functions from north to south because of their structural modifications. Natural corridors connect many natural and built patches scattered along them. These corridors are mostly oriented in a north–south direction. The east–west ecological connections are restricted due to the morphological structure of city.

'''Climate'''

Tehran features a semi-arid, continental climate. Tehran's climate is largely defined by its geographic location, with the towering Alborz Mountains to its north and the central desert to the south. It can be generally described as mild in the spring, hot and dry in the summer, pleasant in the autumn, and cold in the winter. As a large city with significant differences in elevation among various districts, the weather is often cooler in the hilly north as compared to the flat southern part of Tehran. Summer is usually hot and dry with very little rain, but relative humidity is generally low and the nights are cool. The majority of the light annual precipitation occurs from late-autumn to mid-spring, but no one month is particularly wet. The hottest month is July (min. temp. 26°C, max. temp. 36°C) and the coldest is January (min. temp. -1°C, max. temp. 8°C). From the south toward the north, the altitude increases, from 900 meters in low areas to 1800 meters. This difference in height results in differences in weather.

'''Overall character'''

Tehran consists of three sections: mountainous, piedmont and desert. The mountainous section includes peaks over 1800 meters. The Alborz mountain chain in the north of the City, the river valleys of the Darabad, Golab Dare, Farahzad, Kan, Evin and the low hills and urban forest parks (e.g., Lavizan, Sorkhe hesar, chitgar, Quchak) are examples of primary landscape elements which are intrinsically linked with Tehran ecological network, and provide an essential sense of place which can be appreciated from many vantage points within the city. There are other more local landscape elements that can help give areas a sense of place and which can be referred to as secondary landscape elements. Among other landscape features are natural and manmade patches, which give Tehran its unique characteristics and residential and touristic values. One of its most important natural patches is northern heights which endow the city with a special natural characteristic.
From the south toward the north, the altitude increases, from 900 meters in low areas to 1800 meters. This difference in height results in differences in weather, better vegetation and beautiful countryside in the north. As one move from the south to the north, where are many changes in the natural environmental conditions, property value, access to services and social conditions.

'''History'''

Tochal peak is 3900 meters in altitude. Its main ridges overlook the southern slopes and Tehran plain, and forms small drainage basins. The rivers flowing in these basins are the life veins of the city. Water constantly flows in these basins and probably the main reason why Tehran developed is its hydro morphological conditions influenced by its northern heights. The most important basin, which covers the southern slopes of the northern heights of the city, include: Kan, Farahzad, Darakeh and Darband basins.

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:evin1.jpg|Morphology of Tehran
Image:evin2.jpg|Tehran's landscape network
Image:evin6.jpg|your visual
Image:evin5.jpg|your visual
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''Look again at the multiple benefits of green infrastructure - what could be achieved in your site and which are most relevant?''

First, by revival of this river valley and beside greenery, they can act as air filters and city lungs. They play the role efficiency in order to reduce the air pollution. Moreover, by preparing a proper foundation for flowing water, there would be no more threatening for the water contamination. Second, fewer prices would be spent on transportation system and also less time would be wasted to arrive the recreational areas in north of Tehran, especially for near neighborhood and residential areas. Besides we would not be charged for the conservation of plants and green spaces when we put them on their natural structure and for planting because we have appropriate soil, water and plants. Third, by this revitalization, river-valleys as the only natural heritages in Alborz foothill would return to people’s life, like what Tehran has been before. It can also be the revival of people’s collective memory, original historical views and increasing the city legibility. Therefore, by revitalizing of the river-valley as a linear green infrastructure from north to south of the city, we have ecological benefits, economic benefits and social and cultural benefits together, which they are the main aspects of sustainable development.
== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Green infrastructure has typically multiple functions. What could be achieved for your site in this respect?''

River valleys and green urban spaces by providing the multi-functional spaces such as recreational, aesthetical, infrastructural, social and cultural …, have the potential to be used as one of the most efficient tools to reduce the environmental issues.
This site has the opportunity to integrate river-valleys and green spaces in a network of multi-functional areas. Then, in order to maintain the idea of reviving this river-valley and green spaces we can establish parallel linear park based on river-valley, planning and allocating appropriate situation for streets, sidewalks, bicycle trail and other necessary facilities, assigning clean and public transportation into the river-valleys to achieve a proper connectivity and using vernacular plants of Tehran in valley to maintain the original nature and many other strategies. Therefore, it could result in reducing and improving a lot of problems such as water and sewage contamination, air pollution, sonic pollution and insecurity ….

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
In the near future I hope to see:

- Preventing contamination of water along the river and maintaining the water quality by designing waste water pathways and preventing it from entering the river

- Improving the river status and coping with flood risk especially in rainy seasons by: creating protective green space on the body of deep slopes - modification reconstruction of the river wall by natural elements

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
In 10-15 years I would like to see:

- Maintaining and enhancing natural and recreational attractions by: protection of natural landscapes in the study area – identification and organization of elements with recreational values

- Recreational use of river potentials by: increasing the quality of land cover by maintenance management – protection of the gardens existing alongside the river path

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==

During recent years, the municipality of Tehran began to work on rehabilitation of river valleys. Three projects now are completed or near completion. This great movement can improve and develop the quality and quantity of Tehran environment, which is in a dangerous and catastrophic condition — but only if planners, designers and other decision makers pay attention to all aspects of rehabilitation, especially ecological and environmental principles like connectivity, coherent hydrology, compatible plantation, controlled interfering, considering buffer zones and so on. The river valleys often are a neglected part of Tehran’s urban landscape and most of them have tragic stories and inelegant features. Planning for their conservation and restoration should start for the remaining and unprotected rivers quickly because Tehran is the city of river valleys!
To sum up, southern slope of Alborz Mountain is one of the valuable natural heritage areas in Tehran. It is a traditional promenade for Tehran citizens and prevent sprawl of the city towards north direction. River-valleys upstream of Tehran have a determining role in ecotourism development in the city. Sustainable design of corridors and patches in the site provides the possibility of sustainable development of tourism activities of the river-valley.

== Image Gallery ==
''Please add further images/photos here''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
</gallery>

== References ==

*''please add your references here''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Green Infrastructure 2014 Group B - Case Study 4

2014-12-20T10:32:01Z

Emamverdis: /* Projective drawings */

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_B|working group B]]

'''''please add your title here'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Evin River Valley''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Iran''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Tehran''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Sanaz Emamverdi''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[File:file.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=35.753166
|lng=51.385061
|zoom=13
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

When we move from East to West of Tehran,seven major river valleys can be seen. One of the main valleys is Evin- Darakeh river valley.
River valleys in the north of the city are as deep valleys, but when they flow through the city, for the lower depth and older history of urban texture, are almost as cored cement canals. From ecological viewpoint, river-valley ecosystem is a part of the space on the ground that meets a specific arrangement of topography, land cover, hydrography, and built environment. The slopes of Alborz Mountain Range as a main origin for establishment of Tehran City provide the citizens with tourist resorts. Unsustainable development regardless of environmental considerations in Tehran in the last three decades has led to degradation of mountain ecosystem in the northern Tehran and its surrounding plains. Considering that mountains and river valleys are natural heritage and a vital source of water supply, their conservation must be the responsibility of all society members. Tehran Master Plan highly emphasis on the importance and necessity of maintaining and developing river-valleys in Tehran as a respiratory lung of the city. They are fertile habitats that support a variety of flora and fauna and play significant roles as catchments and as places for energy and wind flows to remove air pollution from the city environment, providing opportunity for connection with the natural upland–lowland context.
Therefore, the advantages of protection and using potential of ecological systems of this river-valley, providing extensive for public recreational within the urban and rural areas, providing economic benefits and protection of cultural values and heritage.

== Author's perspective ==

I have graduated with a bachelor’s degree and I have been working in a consulting firm. I have been interested in landscape and urban design.
This site is located in the capital city of Iran which I have spent most of my life there. 7 river-valleys of Tehran always were the landmarks of this city which nowadays they have been lost among the buildings and pollution. As a matter of fact, this area has the range of potentials for green infrastructure.

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''
*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

'''Biogeography'''

The seven north–south river valleys are characteristic of natural corridors of Tehran’s landscape structure. They are fertile habitats that support a variety of flora and fauna and play significant roles as catchments and as places for energy and wind flows to remove air pollutions from the city environment, providing opportunity for connection with the natural upland–lowland context. Upland areas benefit from much better conditions than lowlands due to less environmental destruction caused by urban development. The natural hydrological corridors along the river valleys face more destructive factors and have less ecological functions from north to south because of their structural modifications. Natural corridors connect many natural and built patches scattered along them. These corridors are mostly oriented in a north–south direction. The east–west ecological connections are restricted due to the morphological structure of city.

'''Climate'''

Tehran features a semi-arid, continental climate. Tehran's climate is largely defined by its geographic location, with the towering Alborz Mountains to its north and the central desert to the south. It can be generally described as mild in the spring, hot and dry in the summer, pleasant in the autumn, and cold in the winter. As a large city with significant differences in elevation among various districts, the weather is often cooler in the hilly north as compared to the flat southern part of Tehran. Summer is usually hot and dry with very little rain, but relative humidity is generally low and the nights are cool. The majority of the light annual precipitation occurs from late-autumn to mid-spring, but no one month is particularly wet. The hottest month is July (min. temp. 26°C, max. temp. 36°C) and the coldest is January (min. temp. -1°C, max. temp. 8°C). From the south toward the north, the altitude increases, from 900 meters in low areas to 1800 meters. This difference in height results in differences in weather.

'''Overall character'''

Tehran consists of three sections: mountainous, piedmont and desert. The mountainous section includes peaks over 1800 meters. The Alborz mountain chain in the north of the City, the river valleys of the Darabad, Golab Dare, Farahzad, Kan, Evin and the low hills and urban forest parks (e.g., Lavizan, Sorkhe hesar, chitgar, Quchak) are examples of primary landscape elements which are intrinsically linked with Tehran ecological network, and provide an essential sense of place which can be appreciated from many vantage points within the city. There are other more local landscape elements that can help give areas a sense of place and which can be referred to as secondary landscape elements. Among other landscape features are natural and manmade patches, which give Tehran its unique characteristics and residential and touristic values. One of its most important natural patches is northern heights which endow the city with a special natural characteristic.
From the south toward the north, the altitude increases, from 900 meters in low areas to 1800 meters. This difference in height results in differences in weather, better vegetation and beautiful countryside in the north. As one move from the south to the north, where are many changes in the natural environmental conditions, property value, access to services and social conditions.

'''History'''

Tochal peak is 3900 meters in altitude. Its main ridges overlook the southern slopes and Tehran plain, and forms small drainage basins. The rivers flowing in these basins are the life veins of the city. Water constantly flows in these basins and probably the main reason why Tehran developed is its hydro morphological conditions influenced by its northern heights. The most important basin, which covers the southern slopes of the northern heights of the city, include: Kan, Farahzad, Darakeh and Darband basins.

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:evin1.jpg|Morphology of Tehran
Image:evin2.jpg|Tehran's landscape network
Image:evin6.jpg|your visual
Image:evin5.jpg|your visual
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''Look again at the multiple benefits of green infrastructure - what could be achieved in your site and which are most relevant?''

First, by revival of this river valley and beside greenery, they can act as air filters and city lungs. They play the role efficiency in order to reduce the air pollution. Moreover, by preparing a proper foundation for flowing water, there would be no more threatening for the water contamination. Second, fewer prices would be spent on transportation system and also less time would be wasted to arrive the recreational areas in north of Tehran, especially for near neighborhood and residential areas. Besides we would not be charged for the conservation of plants and green spaces when we put them on their natural structure and for planting because we have appropriate soil, water and plants. Third, by this revitalization, river-valleys as the only natural heritages in Alborz foothill would return to people’s life, like what Tehran has been before. It can also be the revival of people’s collective memory, original historical views and increasing the city legibility. Therefore, by revitalizing of the river-valley as a linear green infrastructure from north to south of the city, we have ecological benefits, economic benefits and social and cultural benefits together, which they are the main aspects of sustainable development.
== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Green infrastructure has typically multiple functions. What could be achieved for your site in this respect?''

River valleys and green urban spaces by providing the multi-functional spaces such as recreational, aesthetical, infrastructural, social and cultural …, have the potential to be used as one of the most efficient tools to reduce the environmental issues.
This site has the opportunity to integrate river-valleys and green spaces in a network of multi-functional areas. Then, in order to maintain the idea of reviving this river-valley and green spaces we can establish parallel linear park based on river-valley, planning and allocating appropriate situation for streets, sidewalks, bicycle trail and other necessary facilities, assigning clean and public transportation into the river-valleys to achieve a proper connectivity and using vernacular plants of Tehran in valley to maintain the original nature and many other strategies. Therefore, it could result in reducing and improving a lot of problems such as water and sewage contamination, air pollution, sonic pollution and insecurity ….

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
In the near future I hope to see:

- Preventing contamination of water along the river and maintaining the water quality by designing waste water pathways and preventing it from entering the river

- Improving the river status and coping with flood risk especially in rainy seasons by: creating protective green space on the body of deep slopes - modification reconstruction of the river wall by natural elements

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
In 10-15 years I would like to see:

- Maintaining and enhancing natural and recreational attractions by: protection of natural landscapes in the study area – identification and organization of elements with recreational values

- Recreational use of river potentials by: increasing the quality of land cover by maintenance management – protection of the gardens existing alongside the river path

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''100 words approx.''

== Image Gallery ==
''Please add further images/photos here''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
</gallery>

== References ==

*''please add your references here''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Green Infrastructure 2014 Group B - Case Study 4

2014-12-20T10:31:23Z

Emamverdis:

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_B|working group B]]

'''''please add your title here'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Evin River Valley''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Iran''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Tehran''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Sanaz Emamverdi''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[File:file.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=35.753166
|lng=51.385061
|zoom=13
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

When we move from East to West of Tehran,seven major river valleys can be seen. One of the main valleys is Evin- Darakeh river valley.
River valleys in the north of the city are as deep valleys, but when they flow through the city, for the lower depth and older history of urban texture, are almost as cored cement canals. From ecological viewpoint, river-valley ecosystem is a part of the space on the ground that meets a specific arrangement of topography, land cover, hydrography, and built environment. The slopes of Alborz Mountain Range as a main origin for establishment of Tehran City provide the citizens with tourist resorts. Unsustainable development regardless of environmental considerations in Tehran in the last three decades has led to degradation of mountain ecosystem in the northern Tehran and its surrounding plains. Considering that mountains and river valleys are natural heritage and a vital source of water supply, their conservation must be the responsibility of all society members. Tehran Master Plan highly emphasis on the importance and necessity of maintaining and developing river-valleys in Tehran as a respiratory lung of the city. They are fertile habitats that support a variety of flora and fauna and play significant roles as catchments and as places for energy and wind flows to remove air pollution from the city environment, providing opportunity for connection with the natural upland–lowland context.
Therefore, the advantages of protection and using potential of ecological systems of this river-valley, providing extensive for public recreational within the urban and rural areas, providing economic benefits and protection of cultural values and heritage.

== Author's perspective ==

I have graduated with a bachelor’s degree and I have been working in a consulting firm. I have been interested in landscape and urban design.
This site is located in the capital city of Iran which I have spent most of my life there. 7 river-valleys of Tehran always were the landmarks of this city which nowadays they have been lost among the buildings and pollution. As a matter of fact, this area has the range of potentials for green infrastructure.

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''
*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

'''Biogeography'''

The seven north–south river valleys are characteristic of natural corridors of Tehran’s landscape structure. They are fertile habitats that support a variety of flora and fauna and play significant roles as catchments and as places for energy and wind flows to remove air pollutions from the city environment, providing opportunity for connection with the natural upland–lowland context. Upland areas benefit from much better conditions than lowlands due to less environmental destruction caused by urban development. The natural hydrological corridors along the river valleys face more destructive factors and have less ecological functions from north to south because of their structural modifications. Natural corridors connect many natural and built patches scattered along them. These corridors are mostly oriented in a north–south direction. The east–west ecological connections are restricted due to the morphological structure of city.

'''Climate'''

Tehran features a semi-arid, continental climate. Tehran's climate is largely defined by its geographic location, with the towering Alborz Mountains to its north and the central desert to the south. It can be generally described as mild in the spring, hot and dry in the summer, pleasant in the autumn, and cold in the winter. As a large city with significant differences in elevation among various districts, the weather is often cooler in the hilly north as compared to the flat southern part of Tehran. Summer is usually hot and dry with very little rain, but relative humidity is generally low and the nights are cool. The majority of the light annual precipitation occurs from late-autumn to mid-spring, but no one month is particularly wet. The hottest month is July (min. temp. 26°C, max. temp. 36°C) and the coldest is January (min. temp. -1°C, max. temp. 8°C). From the south toward the north, the altitude increases, from 900 meters in low areas to 1800 meters. This difference in height results in differences in weather.

'''Overall character'''

Tehran consists of three sections: mountainous, piedmont and desert. The mountainous section includes peaks over 1800 meters. The Alborz mountain chain in the north of the City, the river valleys of the Darabad, Golab Dare, Farahzad, Kan, Evin and the low hills and urban forest parks (e.g., Lavizan, Sorkhe hesar, chitgar, Quchak) are examples of primary landscape elements which are intrinsically linked with Tehran ecological network, and provide an essential sense of place which can be appreciated from many vantage points within the city. There are other more local landscape elements that can help give areas a sense of place and which can be referred to as secondary landscape elements. Among other landscape features are natural and manmade patches, which give Tehran its unique characteristics and residential and touristic values. One of its most important natural patches is northern heights which endow the city with a special natural characteristic.
From the south toward the north, the altitude increases, from 900 meters in low areas to 1800 meters. This difference in height results in differences in weather, better vegetation and beautiful countryside in the north. As one move from the south to the north, where are many changes in the natural environmental conditions, property value, access to services and social conditions.

'''History'''

Tochal peak is 3900 meters in altitude. Its main ridges overlook the southern slopes and Tehran plain, and forms small drainage basins. The rivers flowing in these basins are the life veins of the city. Water constantly flows in these basins and probably the main reason why Tehran developed is its hydro morphological conditions influenced by its northern heights. The most important basin, which covers the southern slopes of the northern heights of the city, include: Kan, Farahzad, Darakeh and Darband basins.

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:evin1.jpg|Morphology of Tehran
Image:evin2.jpg|Tehran's landscape network
Image:evin6.jpg|your visual
Image:evin5.jpg|your visual
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''Look again at the multiple benefits of green infrastructure - what could be achieved in your site and which are most relevant?''

First, by revival of this river valley and beside greenery, they can act as air filters and city lungs. They play the role efficiency in order to reduce the air pollution. Moreover, by preparing a proper foundation for flowing water, there would be no more threatening for the water contamination. Second, fewer prices would be spent on transportation system and also less time would be wasted to arrive the recreational areas in north of Tehran, especially for near neighborhood and residential areas. Besides we would not be charged for the conservation of plants and green spaces when we put them on their natural structure and for planting because we have appropriate soil, water and plants. Third, by this revitalization, river-valleys as the only natural heritages in Alborz foothill would return to people’s life, like what Tehran has been before. It can also be the revival of people’s collective memory, original historical views and increasing the city legibility. Therefore, by revitalizing of the river-valley as a linear green infrastructure from north to south of the city, we have ecological benefits, economic benefits and social and cultural benefits together, which they are the main aspects of sustainable development.
== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Green infrastructure has typically multiple functions. What could be achieved for your site in this respect?''

River valleys and green urban spaces by providing the multi-functional spaces such as recreational, aesthetical, infrastructural, social and cultural …, have the potential to be used as one of the most efficient tools to reduce the environmental issues.
This site has the opportunity to integrate river-valleys and green spaces in a network of multi-functional areas. Then, in order to maintain the idea of reviving this river-valley and green spaces we can establish parallel linear park based on river-valley, planning and allocating appropriate situation for streets, sidewalks, bicycle trail and other necessary facilities, assigning clean and public transportation into the river-valleys to achieve a proper connectivity and using vernacular plants of Tehran in valley to maintain the original nature and many other strategies. Therefore, it could result in reducing and improving a lot of problems such as water and sewage contamination, air pollution, sonic pollution and insecurity ….

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
In the near future I hope to see:
- Preventing contamination of water along the river and maintaining the water quality by designing waste water pathways and preventing it from entering the river
- Improving the river status and coping with flood risk especially in rainy seasons by: creating protective green space on the body of deep slopes - modification reconstruction of the river wall by natural elements

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
In 10-15 years I would like to see:
- Maintaining and enhancing natural and recreational attractions by: protection of natural landscapes in the study area – identification and organization of elements with recreational values
- Recreational use of river potentials by: increasing the quality of land cover by maintenance management – protection of the gardens existing alongside the river path

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''100 words approx.''

== Image Gallery ==
''Please add further images/photos here''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
</gallery>

== References ==

*''please add your references here''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Green Infrastructure 2014 Group B - Case Study 4

2014-12-20T08:17:21Z

Emamverdis:

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_B|working group B]]

'''''please add your title here'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Evin River Valley''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Iran''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Tehran''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Sanaz Emamverdi''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[File:file.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=35.753166
|lng=51.385061
|zoom=13
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

When we move from East to West of Tehran,seven major river valleys can be seen. One of the main valleys is Evin- Darakeh river valley.
River valleys in the north of the city are as deep valleys, but when they flow through the city, for the lower depth and older history of urban texture, are almost as cored cement canals. From ecological viewpoint, river-valley ecosystem is a part of the space on the ground that meets a specific arrangement of topography, land cover, hydrography, and built environment. The slopes of Alborz Mountain Range as a main origin for establishment of Tehran City provide the citizens with tourist resorts. Unsustainable development regardless of environmental considerations in Tehran in the last three decades has led to degradation of mountain ecosystem in the northern Tehran and its surrounding plains. Considering that mountains and river valleys are natural heritage and a vital source of water supply, their conservation must be the responsibility of all society members. Tehran Master Plan highly emphasis on the importance and necessity of maintaining and developing river-valleys in Tehran as a respiratory lung of the city. They are fertile habitats that support a variety of flora and fauna and play significant roles as catchments and as places for energy and wind flows to remove air pollution from the city environment, providing opportunity for connection with the natural upland–lowland context.
Therefore, the advantages of protection and using potential of ecological systems of this river-valley, providing extensive for public recreational within the urban and rural areas, providing economic benefits and protection of cultural values and heritage.

== Author's perspective ==

I have graduated with a bachelor’s degree and I have been working in a consulting firm. I have been interested in landscape and urban design.
This site is located in the capital city of Iran which I have spent most of my life there. 7 river-valleys of Tehran always were the landmarks of this city which nowadays they have been lost among the buildings and pollution. As a matter of fact, this area has the range of potentials for green infrastructure.

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''
*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

'''Biogeography'''

The seven north–south river valleys are characteristic of natural corridors of Tehran’s landscape structure. They are fertile habitats that support a variety of flora and fauna and play significant roles as catchments and as places for energy and wind flows to remove air pollutions from the city environment, providing opportunity for connection with the natural upland–lowland context. Upland areas benefit from much better conditions than lowlands due to less environmental destruction caused by urban development. The natural hydrological corridors along the river valleys face more destructive factors and have less ecological functions from north to south because of their structural modifications. Natural corridors connect many natural and built patches scattered along them. These corridors are mostly oriented in a north–south direction. The east–west ecological connections are restricted due to the morphological structure of city.

'''Climate'''

Tehran features a semi-arid, continental climate. Tehran's climate is largely defined by its geographic location, with the towering Alborz Mountains to its north and the central desert to the south. It can be generally described as mild in the spring, hot and dry in the summer, pleasant in the autumn, and cold in the winter. As a large city with significant differences in elevation among various districts, the weather is often cooler in the hilly north as compared to the flat southern part of Tehran. Summer is usually hot and dry with very little rain, but relative humidity is generally low and the nights are cool. The majority of the light annual precipitation occurs from late-autumn to mid-spring, but no one month is particularly wet. The hottest month is July (min. temp. 26°C, max. temp. 36°C) and the coldest is January (min. temp. -1°C, max. temp. 8°C). From the south toward the north, the altitude increases, from 900 meters in low areas to 1800 meters. This difference in height results in differences in weather.

'''Overall character'''

Tehran consists of three sections: mountainous, piedmont and desert. The mountainous section includes peaks over 1800 meters. The Alborz mountain chain in the north of the City, the river valleys of the Darabad, Golab Dare, Farahzad, Kan, Evin and the low hills and urban forest parks (e.g., Lavizan, Sorkhe hesar, chitgar, Quchak) are examples of primary landscape elements which are intrinsically linked with Tehran ecological network, and provide an essential sense of place which can be appreciated from many vantage points within the city. There are other more local landscape elements that can help give areas a sense of place and which can be referred to as secondary landscape elements. Among other landscape features are natural and manmade patches, which give Tehran its unique characteristics and residential and touristic values. One of its most important natural patches is northern heights which endow the city with a special natural characteristic.
From the south toward the north, the altitude increases, from 900 meters in low areas to 1800 meters. This difference in height results in differences in weather, better vegetation and beautiful countryside in the north. As one move from the south to the north, where are many changes in the natural environmental conditions, property value, access to services and social conditions.

'''History'''

Tochal peak is 3900 meters in altitude. Its main ridges overlook the southern slopes and Tehran plain, and forms small drainage basins. The rivers flowing in these basins are the life veins of the city. Water constantly flows in these basins and probably the main reason why Tehran developed is its hydro morphological conditions influenced by its northern heights. The most important basin, which covers the southern slopes of the northern heights of the city, include: Kan, Farahzad, Darakeh and Darband basins.

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:evin1.jpg|Morphology of Tehran
Image:evin2.jpg|Tehran's landscape network
Image:evin6.jpg|your visual
Image:evin5.jpg|your visual
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''Look again at the multiple benefits of green infrastructure - what could be achieved in your site and which are most relevant?''

First, by revival of this river valley and beside greenery, they can act as air filters and city lungs. They play the role efficiency in order to reduce the air pollution. Moreover, by preparing a proper foundation for flowing water, there would be no more threatening for the water contamination. Second, fewer prices would be spent on transportation system and also less time would be wasted to arrive the recreational areas in north of Tehran, especially for near neighborhood and residential areas. Besides we would not be charged for the conservation of plants and green spaces when we put them on their natural structure and for planting because we have appropriate soil, water and plants. Third, by this revitalization, river-valleys as the only natural heritages in Alborz foothill would return to people’s life, like what Tehran has been before. It can also be the revival of people’s collective memory, original historical views and increasing the city legibility. Therefore, by revitalizing of the river-valley as a linear green infrastructure from north to south of the city, we have ecological benefits, economic benefits and social and cultural benefits together, which they are the main aspects of sustainable development.
== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Green infrastructure has typically multiple functions. What could be achieved for your site in this respect?''

River valleys and green urban spaces by providing the multi-functional spaces such as recreational, aesthetical, infrastructural, social and cultural …, have the potential to be used as one of the most efficient tools to reduce the environmental issues.
This site has the opportunity to integrate river-valleys and green spaces in a network of multi-functional areas. Then, in order to maintain the idea of reviving this river-valley and green spaces we can establish parallel linear park based on river-valley, planning and allocating appropriate situation for streets, sidewalks, bicycle trail and other necessary facilities, assigning clean and public transportation into the river-valleys to achieve a proper connectivity and using vernacular plants of Tehran in valley to maintain the original nature and many other strategies. Therefore, it could result in reducing and improving a lot of problems such as water and sewage contamination, air pollution, sonic pollution and insecurity ….

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''100 words approx.''

== Image Gallery ==
''Please add further images/photos here''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
</gallery>

== References ==

*''please add your references here''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Green Infrastructure 2014 Group B - Case Study 4

2014-12-20T08:16:27Z

Emamverdis:

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_B|working group B]]

'''''please add your title here'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Evin River Valley''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Iran''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Tehran''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Sanaz Emamverdi''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[File:file.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=35.753166
|lng=51.385061
|zoom=13
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

When we move from East to West of Tehran,seven major river valleys can be seen. One of the main valleys is Evin- Darakeh river valley.
River valleys in the north of the city are as deep valleys, but when they flow through the city, for the lower depth and older history of urban texture, are almost as cored cement canals. From ecological viewpoint, river-valley ecosystem is a part of the space on the ground that meets a specific arrangement of topography, land cover, hydrography, and built environment. The slopes of Alborz Mountain Range as a main origin for establishment of Tehran City provide the citizens with tourist resorts. Unsustainable development regardless of environmental considerations in Tehran in the last three decades has led to degradation of mountain ecosystem in the northern Tehran and its surrounding plains. Considering that mountains and river valleys are natural heritage and a vital source of water supply, their conservation must be the responsibility of all society members. Tehran Master Plan highly emphasis on the importance and necessity of maintaining and developing river-valleys in Tehran as a respiratory lung of the city. They are fertile habitats that support a variety of flora and fauna and play significant roles as catchments and as places for energy and wind flows to remove air pollution from the city environment, providing opportunity for connection with the natural upland–lowland context.
Therefore, the advantages of protection and using potential of ecological systems of this river-valley, providing extensive for public recreational within the urban and rural areas, providing economic benefits and protection of cultural values and heritage.

== Author's perspective ==

I have graduated with a bachelor’s degree and I have been working in a consulting firm. I have been interested in landscape and urban design.
This site is located in the capital city of Iran which I have spent most of my life there. 7 river-valleys of Tehran always were the landmarks of this city which nowadays they have been lost among the buildings and pollution. As a matter of fact, this area has the range of potentials for green infrastructure.

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''
*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

'''Biogeography'''

The seven north–south river valleys are characteristic of natural corridors of Tehran’s landscape structure. They are fertile habitats that support a variety of flora and fauna and play significant roles as catchments and as places for energy and wind flows to remove air pollutions from the city environment, providing opportunity for connection with the natural upland–lowland context. Upland areas benefit from much better conditions than lowlands due to less environmental destruction caused by urban development. The natural hydrological corridors along the river valleys face more destructive factors and have less ecological functions from north to south because of their structural modifications. Natural corridors connect many natural and built patches scattered along them. These corridors are mostly oriented in a north–south direction. The east–west ecological connections are restricted due to the morphological structure of city.

'''Climate'''

Tehran features a semi-arid, continental climate. Tehran's climate is largely defined by its geographic location, with the towering Alborz Mountains to its north and the central desert to the south. It can be generally described as mild in the spring, hot and dry in the summer, pleasant in the autumn, and cold in the winter. As a large city with significant differences in elevation among various districts, the weather is often cooler in the hilly north as compared to the flat southern part of Tehran. Summer is usually hot and dry with very little rain, but relative humidity is generally low and the nights are cool. The majority of the light annual precipitation occurs from late-autumn to mid-spring, but no one month is particularly wet. The hottest month is July (min. temp. 26°C, max. temp. 36°C) and the coldest is January (min. temp. -1°C, max. temp. 8°C). From the south toward the north, the altitude increases, from 900 meters in low areas to 1800 meters. This difference in height results in differences in weather.

'''Overall character'''

Tehran consists of three sections: mountainous, piedmont and desert. The mountainous section includes peaks over 1800 meters. The Alborz mountain chain in the north of the City, the river valleys of the Darabad, Golab Dare, Farahzad, Kan, Evin and the low hills and urban forest parks (e.g., Lavizan, Sorkhe hesar, chitgar, Quchak) are examples of primary landscape elements which are intrinsically linked with Tehran ecological network, and provide an essential sense of place which can be appreciated from many vantage points within the city. There are other more local landscape elements that can help give areas a sense of place and which can be referred to as secondary landscape elements. Among other landscape features are natural and manmade patches, which give Tehran its unique characteristics and residential and touristic values. One of its most important natural patches is northern heights which endow the city with a special natural characteristic.
From the south toward the north, the altitude increases, from 900 meters in low areas to 1800 meters. This difference in height results in differences in weather, better vegetation and beautiful countryside in the north. As one move from the south to the north, where are many changes in the natural environmental conditions, property value, access to services and social conditions.

'''History'''

Tochal peak is 3900 meters in altitude. Its main ridges overlook the southern slopes and Tehran plain, and forms small drainage basins. The rivers flowing in these basins are the life veins of the city. Water constantly flows in these basins and probably the main reason why Tehran developed is its hydro morphological conditions influenced by its northern heights. The most important basin, which covers the southern slopes of the northern heights of the city, include: Kan, Farahzad, Darakeh and Darband basins.

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:evin1.jpg|Morphology of Tehran
Image:evin2.jpg|Tehran's landscape network
Image:evin6.jpg|your visual
Image:Evin5.jpg|your visual
Image:Evin4.jpg|your visual
Image:yourimage.jpg|your visual
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''Look again at the multiple benefits of green infrastructure - what could be achieved in your site and which are most relevant?''

First, by revival of this river valley and beside greenery, they can act as air filters and city lungs. They play the role efficiency in order to reduce the air pollution. Moreover, by preparing a proper foundation for flowing water, there would be no more threatening for the water contamination. Second, fewer prices would be spent on transportation system and also less time would be wasted to arrive the recreational areas in north of Tehran, especially for near neighborhood and residential areas. Besides we would not be charged for the conservation of plants and green spaces when we put them on their natural structure and for planting because we have appropriate soil, water and plants. Third, by this revitalization, river-valleys as the only natural heritages in Alborz foothill would return to people’s life, like what Tehran has been before. It can also be the revival of people’s collective memory, original historical views and increasing the city legibility. Therefore, by revitalizing of the river-valley as a linear green infrastructure from north to south of the city, we have ecological benefits, economic benefits and social and cultural benefits together, which they are the main aspects of sustainable development.
== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Green infrastructure has typically multiple functions. What could be achieved for your site in this respect?''

River valleys and green urban spaces by providing the multi-functional spaces such as recreational, aesthetical, infrastructural, social and cultural …, have the potential to be used as one of the most efficient tools to reduce the environmental issues.
This site has the opportunity to integrate river-valleys and green spaces in a network of multi-functional areas. Then, in order to maintain the idea of reviving this river-valley and green spaces we can establish parallel linear park based on river-valley, planning and allocating appropriate situation for streets, sidewalks, bicycle trail and other necessary facilities, assigning clean and public transportation into the river-valleys to achieve a proper connectivity and using vernacular plants of Tehran in valley to maintain the original nature and many other strategies. Therefore, it could result in reducing and improving a lot of problems such as water and sewage contamination, air pollution, sonic pollution and insecurity ….

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''100 words approx.''

== Image Gallery ==
''Please add further images/photos here''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
</gallery>

== References ==

*''please add your references here''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Green Infrastructure 2014 Group B - Case Study 4

2014-12-19T14:12:01Z

Emamverdis:

---> back to group page [[Green_Infrastructure_2014_-_Working_Group_B|working group B]]

'''''please add your title here'''''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Evin River Valley''
|-
| '''Country''' ||style="background:Lavender"| '' Iran''
|-
| '''City''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Tehran''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Sanaz Emamverdi''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[File:file.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"|{{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=240
|lat=35.753166
|lng=51.385061
|zoom=13
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

== Rationale: Why is this case interesting? ==

When we move from East to West of Tehran,seven major river valleys can be seen. One of the main valleys is Evin- Darakeh river valley.
River valleys in the north of the city are as deep valleys, but when they flow through the city, for the lower depth and older history of urban texture, are almost as cored cement canals. From ecological viewpoint, river-valley ecosystem is a part of the space on the ground that meets a specific arrangement of topography, land cover, hydrography, and built environment. The slopes of Alborz Mountain Range as a main origin for establishment of Tehran City provide the citizens with tourist resorts. Unsustainable development regardless of environmental considerations in Tehran in the last three decades has led to degradation of mountain ecosystem in the northern Tehran and its surrounding plains. Considering that mountains and river valleys are natural heritage and a vital source of water supply, their conservation must be the responsibility of all society members. Tehran Master Plan highly emphasis on the importance and necessity of maintaining and developing river-valleys in Tehran as a respiratory lung of the city. They are fertile habitats that support a variety of flora and fauna and play significant roles as catchments and as places for energy and wind flows to remove air pollution from the city environment, providing opportunity for connection with the natural upland–lowland context.
Therefore, the advantages of protection and using potential of ecological systems of this river-valley, providing extensive for public recreational within the urban and rural areas, providing economic benefits and protection of cultural values and heritage.

== Author's perspective ==

I have graduated with a bachelor’s degree and I have been working in a consulting firm. I have been interested in landscape and urban design.
This site is located in the capital city of Iran which I have spent most of my life there. 7 river-valleys of Tehran always were the landmarks of this city which nowadays they have been lost among the buildings and pollution. As a matter of fact, this area has the range of potentials for green infrastructure.

== Landscape and/or urban context of your case ==

*''Biogeography, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics''
*''Illustrations: maps; sketches; short descriptive analyses''

'''Biogeography'''

The seven north–south river valleys are characteristic of natural corridors of Tehran’s landscape structure. They are fertile habitats that support a variety of flora and fauna and play significant roles as catchments and as places for energy and wind flows to remove air pollutions from the city environment, providing opportunity for connection with the natural upland–lowland context. Upland areas benefit from much better conditions than lowlands due to less environmental destruction caused by urban development. The natural hydrological corridors along the river valleys face more destructive factors and have less ecological functions from north to south because of their structural modifications. Natural corridors connect many natural and built patches scattered along them. These corridors are mostly oriented in a north–south direction. The east–west ecological connections are restricted due to the morphological structure of city.

'''Climate'''

Tehran features a semi-arid, continental climate. Tehran's climate is largely defined by its geographic location, with the towering Alborz Mountains to its north and the central desert to the south. It can be generally described as mild in the spring, hot and dry in the summer, pleasant in the autumn, and cold in the winter. As a large city with significant differences in elevation among various districts, the weather is often cooler in the hilly north as compared to the flat southern part of Tehran. Summer is usually hot and dry with very little rain, but relative humidity is generally low and the nights are cool. The majority of the light annual precipitation occurs from late-autumn to mid-spring, but no one month is particularly wet. The hottest month is July (min. temp. 26°C, max. temp. 36°C) and the coldest is January (min. temp. -1°C, max. temp. 8°C). From the south toward the north, the altitude increases, from 900 meters in low areas to 1800 meters. This difference in height results in differences in weather.

'''Overall character'''

Tehran consists of three sections: mountainous, piedmont and desert. The mountainous section includes peaks over 1800 meters. The Alborz mountain chain in the north of the City, the river valleys of the Darabad, Golab Dare, Farahzad, Kan, Evin and the low hills and urban forest parks (e.g., Lavizan, Sorkhe hesar, chitgar, Quchak) are examples of primary landscape elements which are intrinsically linked with Tehran ecological network, and provide an essential sense of place which can be appreciated from many vantage points within the city. There are other more local landscape elements that can help give areas a sense of place and which can be referred to as secondary landscape elements. Among other landscape features are natural and manmade patches, which give Tehran its unique characteristics and residential and touristic values. One of its most important natural patches is northern heights which endow the city with a special natural characteristic.
From the south toward the north, the altitude increases, from 900 meters in low areas to 1800 meters. This difference in height results in differences in weather, better vegetation and beautiful countryside in the north. As one move from the south to the north, where are many changes in the natural environmental conditions, property value, access to services and social conditions.

'''History'''

Tochal peak is 3900 meters in altitude. Its main ridges overlook the southern slopes and Tehran plain, and forms small drainage basins. The rivers flowing in these basins are the life veins of the city. Water constantly flows in these basins and probably the main reason why Tehran developed is its hydro morphological conditions influenced by its northern heights. The most important basin, which covers the southern slopes of the northern heights of the city, include: Kan, Farahzad, Darakeh and Darband basins.

<gallery caption= "Illustrations" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:evin1.jpg|Morphology of Tehran
Image:evin2.jpg|Tehran's landscape network
Image:evin6.jpg|your visual
Image:evin5.jpg|your visual
Image:evin4.jpg|your visual
Image:yourimage.jpg|your visual
</gallery>

== Analytical drawings ==
*''Please use analytical drawing for visualising the conflicts/potentials of your site''

<gallery caption="Analytical Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
Image:your drawing.jpg|your drawing
</gallery>

== Green Infrastructure benefits for this site ==
''Look again at the multiple benefits of green infrastructure - what could be achieved in your site and which are most relevant?''

First, by revival of this river valley and beside greenery, they can act as air filters and city lungs. They play the role efficiency in order to reduce the air pollution. Moreover, by preparing a proper foundation for flowing water, there would be no more threatening for the water contamination. Second, fewer prices would be spent on transportation system and also less time would be wasted to arrive the recreational areas in north of Tehran, especially for near neighborhood and residential areas. Besides we would not be charged for the conservation of plants and green spaces when we put them on their natural structure and for planting because we have appropriate soil, water and plants. Third, by this revitalization, river-valleys as the only natural heritages in Alborz foothill would return to people’s life, like what Tehran has been before. It can also be the revival of people’s collective memory, original historical views and increasing the city legibility. Therefore, by revitalizing of the river-valley as a linear green infrastructure from north to south of the city, we have ecological benefits, economic benefits and social and cultural benefits together, which they are the main aspects of sustainable development.
== Potential for multifunctionality ==
''Green infrastructure has typically multiple functions. What could be achieved for your site in this respect?''

River valleys and green urban spaces by providing the multi-functional spaces such as recreational, aesthetical, infrastructural, social and cultural …, have the potential to be used as one of the most efficient tools to reduce the environmental issues.
This site has the opportunity to integrate river-valleys and green spaces in a network of multi-functional areas. Then, in order to maintain the idea of reviving this river-valley and green spaces we can establish parallel linear park based on river-valley, planning and allocating appropriate situation for streets, sidewalks, bicycle trail and other necessary facilities, assigning clean and public transportation into the river-valleys to achieve a proper connectivity and using vernacular plants of Tehran in valley to maintain the original nature and many other strategies. Therefore, it could result in reducing and improving a lot of problems such as water and sewage contamination, air pollution, sonic pollution and insecurity ….

== Projective drawings ==
* ''How would you like this case to change in the near future? (in 1-2 years)''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

* ''And how could it look like in 10-15 years?''
** ''you may add a short explanation here''

<gallery caption="Projective Drawings" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
Image:yourdrawing.jpg|projective drawing
</gallery>

== Summary and conclusion ==
*''100 words approx.''

== Image Gallery ==
''Please add further images/photos here''

<gallery caption="Image Gallery" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
</gallery>

== References ==

*''please add your references here''

----
[[Category:Green Infrastructure 2014 Case Study]]

About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories