River Lagan

2009-01-14T15:53:38Z

Claudia H: /* Analysis of design/planning process */

'''Connectivity and the River Lagan, Belfast, Northern Ireland'''
{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''River Lagan''
|-
| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Belfast''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Northern Ireland''
|-
| '''Topic''' || style="background:Lavender"|''please enter the topic here''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Claudia Houck''
|-
| '''Completion''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Please enter the date of completion''
|-
| '''Client''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Please enter the client''
|-
| '''Project costs''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Please enter the costs (if known)''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:smaller1.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| <googlemap version="0.9" lat="54.596036" lon="-5.918026" type="satellite" zoom="13" width="300" height="250"/>
|}

=== Rationale: Why is this case study interesting? ===
* Note: this case study is for my terminal thesis project, which is not yet complete. So, descriptions of its success, cost, etc cannot yet take place.
* The River Lagan runs through the center of Belfast, the largest city in Northern Ireland, with a population of just under 300,000 in the city. About 580,000 people live in the greater metro area, which includes the city of Lisburn and the large town of Bangor.[http://www.ninis.nisra.gov.uk/mapxtreme_towns/report.asp?settlementName=Belfast%20Metropolitan%20Urban%20Area%20(BMUA)&BandName=Belfast%20Metropolitan%20Urban%20Area%20(BMUA)] The city was located strategically at the mouth of the Lagan and has been a port city for its entire existence. The land use along the river was formerly a mix of residential and industrial, but now the industry is for the most part gone. Connectivity around the river is poor and, although there are many amenities located along the river, they are not connected to each other well, either physically or visually. In addition, the river has the potential to serve as a greenspace and ecosystem for many species of birds, fish, etc, especially now as there is currently a restoration project underway to clean the river. So, part two of my project is to design habitats along the river, within the city, so that Belfast can be re-introduced to the wildlife of the area and so that many species of birds will have new habitats for feeding and breeding.

=== Author's perspective ===
* I am now working on my MLA with expected graduation in May 2009. Additionally, I have visited Northern Ireland several times and lived there this past summer, working for a non-profit LA firm that specialized in community projects. It was during one of my many walks around the city this summer that I discovered the lack of connections between parks, neighborhoods, and city centre with the river that literally runs right past all of these amenities.

=== Landscape and/or urban context===
[[Image:1660_Belfast.jpg|thumb|400 px]]
[[Image:smaller.jpg|thumb|400 px]]

*Belfast sits in a bowl surrounded by hills, encircling the Belfast Lough which looks toward Scotland. The biogeography of the entire island of Ireland is very similar, with rolling hills and a very pastoral setting, which begins at the edge of the city. Culturally, Belfast is still considered to be polarized, although in recent years monumental advances have been made in community relations and the vast majority of people in Northern Ireland are looking forward to a prosperous future without strife such as they experienced in the past. The overall character of Belfast is of a cosmopolitan, European city with a mix of old and new architecture. Much of the built environment was destroyed during World War II, so today there is a broad spectrum of more recent architectural styles along with some beautiful architecture from Victorian era and before. Many people will be familiar enough with the recent history of Northern Ireland and the 'Troubles', but there is a rich history as well to consider with regards to the shipbuilding industry (Belfast was where the Titanic was built) and the linen industry. In the more distant past, there are neolithic settlement sites, evidence of Celtic and Viking people, and Norman forts in the region.

=== Cultural/social/political context===
*Northern Ireland shares culture with both the Republic of Ireland and the rest of the United Kingdom. However, there are many foods, linguistic expressions and accents that are very specific to Northern Ireland and separate it culturally from both Great Britain and the Republic of Ireland.

*Politically, Northern Ireland has four main groups of people (although, of course, not everyone fits neatly into one of these categories): Republicans are those people who desire a political unity spanning the entire island of Ireland and are extreme in this viewpoint: some are willing to sponsor or participate in violent acts to achieve this end. The IRA is one group that has supported this agenda. Nationalists are those people who desire a united Ireland but only by peaceful means. Loyalists are the opposite of Republicans, in that they are willing to resort to violence and extreme measures to keep Northern Ireland a part of the United Kingdom. The UVF is a paramilitary group that was founded on Loyalist principles. Unionists also wish for Northern Ireland to remain part of the UK but only by peaceful means. So, it is fair to say that unionists and nationalists may disagree politically but are both generally moderate.

*Legally and economically, Northern Ireland is part of the United Kingdom and has the same legal and economic system as the rest of the UK.

=== History ===
*Historically, The Lagan has principally functioned as a water source for industry in Belfast, and for drainage. Neighborhoods were planned so that their streets ran perpendicular to the river, so that storm water would run into the river. Industry was located along the river historically, as well. However, now that the heavier industries have mostly been abandoned in Belfast, the river is being redeveloped as primarily residential use.

Illustration: Table or time line

=== Spatial analysis of area/project/plan===
*What are the main structural features?
*How has it been shaped? Were there any critical decisions?

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

=== Core Questions Working Group Green Structure Planning ===

==== How does funding influence the planning and use of public space? ====
* I am sure that funding is going to be an issue if this project is realized, which I hope is the case. At this point, I am exploring this topic as my thesis project and so it is not yet a reality in terms of being implemented. I foresee problems with funding in the following realms, if the project is realized: First, there is much property along the river that is privately owned. My understanding is that the river corridor is not public space at this time. One of my recommendations is going to be that the river and a buffer around it should be purchased by the city and designated as public space. Then, funding would probably be governmental of some sort. For those areas that are not purchased by the city but are still impacted by the design, I would recommend that they be approached individually and have the project presented to them. Hopefully this would inspire involvement from business owners wishing for more foot traffic, etc. I will include plans for habitat restoration (for birds, etc), as well as universally accessible recreation spaces. This will open up possible funding sources such as environmental groups and disabilities/special needs groups.

==== How are spaces within the site used both currently and projected? ====
* This is actually quite a difficult question to answer at this time, although as I continue my analysis of the are I will have to answer it in detail. Right now, the river is bordered by greenspaces (parks, botanic garden), neighbourhoods of varying economic levels, entertainment (the Odyssey Centre), new developments (the Titanic Quarter, for example), abandoned industry (the Gasworks), historic districts (Cathedral Quarter), and Belfast city centre. The river itself is primarily used as a recreational amenity, by rowing crews. There is a bridge outside of the city that supposedly many anglers frequent, and the river was recently stocked with salmon. There is also a river history tour. Although there are many nicely built paths on either side of the river, they are not used frequently by the public. I think that this is because they are disconnected from each other. This is one of the main reasons I chose this project.

==== How can the historic elements / layers be integrated? ====
* One of the challenges at my site is to reveal the older layers of history. The city of Belfast is unfortunately marked as being one of the major sites during the Troubles. I hope to reveal that there is much more to Belfast than its recent turbulent history. Possibilities to explore include Neolithic settlements, Celtic, Gaelic, Viking, and Norman influences, and possibly others. The shipbuilding and linen industries also have their stories to tell. There is a probability of a rich heritage lying underneath the surface, and I hope to reveal this network. From a geologic perspective, Belfast has very mucky soil and had to be built up quite a bit since the city's inception. This is probably why the river is surrounded by built edges in most of the urban areas. There is very little natural stone in this region, which is why most homes are traditionally built of brick - 'Belfast Brick' is now seen as an attractive historic element for a structure to be built of.

==== How do the contributing elements of water relate to the project? ====
* Recreational – as mentioned, the river is used for rowing crews and river tours. The river edges are not currently used much as a recreational amenity, but I think a design that addressed functionality around the site could change that. One of my goals is that a cyclist or someone in a racing wheelchair should be able to make a loop around the entire urban river area with ease.

* Historical – the Lagan was the reason the city was built here to begin with, as its mouth formed a port. The shipbuilding industry thrived in Belfast (this is where the Titanic was built) and Belfast still boasts the largest dry dock in the world. The river source is in the Mourne Mountains, and smaller settlements are located along it before it reaches Belfast and the sea. I have not yet uncovered the layers of history that are associated with the river, but I plan to do so.

* Transportation – Currently there are ten bridges crossing the river, within the city. One of these is pedestrian, and two are for trains. A water taxi was proposed at one time, and in fact several stations were built along the river for this purpose, although it is not in use now. The mouth of the Lagan, Belfast Lough, is still an active port.

* Environmental – The Lagan was historically used for industrial purposes and stormwater, so it was not very clean in the past. Upriver, outside of the city, there is much agriculture and pasture land, which impacts water quality as well. There is now a project underway to clean the river, and it has been stocked with salmon. There are birds and other wildlife that frequent the Lagan, but there is no management of habitat at this time, that I am aware of. There is great potential for providing urban habitats for birds and other animals. Replacing some of the invasive plant species with native grasses and plants that will provide food sources and nesting areas for birds is one strategy. Actually constructing nests for specific birds to use is another possible strategy.

==== How does the built environment relate to the landscape around it? ====
* The river is crossed by many bridges and surrounded by built edges along most of the urban interface. There are structures along the river, such as the Odyssey Centre, new flats, and a few industries and commercial buildings, but there are also large areas of open space where the city can be seen but does not encroach on the river edge. A water taxi was proposed at one time, and in fact several stations were built along the river for this purpose, although it is not in use now.

=== Analysis of program/function ===
* As one of the students pointed out after the presentation, many cities in the UK historically turned their backs to their rivers. This has been the case for Belfast, which is probably why the river edge is now not functioning well as a connecting path for the city. This lack of functionality is key to the project, and the final design product will probably focus on repairing the functionality of the river corridor. The diagram below illustrates the main functional dynamics around the focal site, as analysis has thus far revealed.

[[Image:functionality_diagram_copy.png]]

=== Analysis of design/planning process ===
* The project was envisioned after walking many parts of the city and noticing that the river corridor was very disconnected at several points.
*Interviews with public representatives and planning officials were conducted as part of the analysis process.

=== Analysis of use/users ===
* How is the area/project/plan used and by whom?
* Is the use changing? Are there any issues?
Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

=== Future development directions ===
* How is the area/project/plan evolving?
* Are there any future goals?
Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

=== Peer reviews or critique ===
* Has the area/ project/plan been reviewed by academic or professional reviewers?
* What were their main evaluations?
Pleas add references, quotes...

=== Points of success and limitations ===
*What do you see as the main points of success and limitations of the area/project/plan?
Illustration: Summary table

=== What can be generalized from this case study? ===
*Are there any important theoretical insights?
Short statement plus background notes

=== Which research questions does it generate? ===
Short statement plus background notes

=== Image Gallery ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
</gallery>

=== References ===
Please add literature, documentations and weblinks

----
[[Category:Case Study]]
[[Category:Parks]]
[[Category:Northern Ireland]]
[[Category:Belfast]]
[[Category:Working Group Green Structure Planning]]

About categories: You can add more categories by copying the tag and filling in your additional categories

River Lagan

2009-01-14T15:28:39Z

Claudia H: /* Analysis of program/function */

'''Connectivity and the River Lagan, Belfast, Northern Ireland'''
{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''River Lagan''
|-
| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Belfast''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Northern Ireland''
|-
| '''Topic''' || style="background:Lavender"|''please enter the topic here''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Claudia Houck''
|-
| '''Completion''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Please enter the date of completion''
|-
| '''Client''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Please enter the client''
|-
| '''Project costs''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Please enter the costs (if known)''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:smaller1.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| <googlemap version="0.9" lat="54.596036" lon="-5.918026" type="satellite" zoom="13" width="300" height="250"/>
|}

=== Rationale: Why is this case study interesting? ===
* Note: this case study is for my terminal thesis project, which is not yet complete. So, descriptions of its success, cost, etc cannot yet take place.
* The River Lagan runs through the center of Belfast, the largest city in Northern Ireland, with a population of just under 300,000 in the city. About 580,000 people live in the greater metro area, which includes the city of Lisburn and the large town of Bangor.[http://www.ninis.nisra.gov.uk/mapxtreme_towns/report.asp?settlementName=Belfast%20Metropolitan%20Urban%20Area%20(BMUA)&BandName=Belfast%20Metropolitan%20Urban%20Area%20(BMUA)] The city was located strategically at the mouth of the Lagan and has been a port city for its entire existence. The land use along the river was formerly a mix of residential and industrial, but now the industry is for the most part gone. Connectivity around the river is poor and, although there are many amenities located along the river, they are not connected to each other well, either physically or visually. In addition, the river has the potential to serve as a greenspace and ecosystem for many species of birds, fish, etc, especially now as there is currently a restoration project underway to clean the river. So, part two of my project is to design habitats along the river, within the city, so that Belfast can be re-introduced to the wildlife of the area and so that many species of birds will have new habitats for feeding and breeding.

=== Author's perspective ===
* I am now working on my MLA with expected graduation in May 2009. Additionally, I have visited Northern Ireland several times and lived there this past summer, working for a non-profit LA firm that specialized in community projects. It was during one of my many walks around the city this summer that I discovered the lack of connections between parks, neighborhoods, and city centre with the river that literally runs right past all of these amenities.

=== Landscape and/or urban context===
[[Image:1660_Belfast.jpg|thumb|400 px]]
[[Image:smaller.jpg|thumb|400 px]]

*Belfast sits in a bowl surrounded by hills, encircling the Belfast Lough which looks toward Scotland. The biogeography of the entire island of Ireland is very similar, with rolling hills and a very pastoral setting, which begins at the edge of the city. Culturally, Belfast is still considered to be polarized, although in recent years monumental advances have been made in community relations and the vast majority of people in Northern Ireland are looking forward to a prosperous future without strife such as they experienced in the past. The overall character of Belfast is of a cosmopolitan, European city with a mix of old and new architecture. Much of the built environment was destroyed during World War II, so today there is a broad spectrum of more recent architectural styles along with some beautiful architecture from Victorian era and before. Many people will be familiar enough with the recent history of Northern Ireland and the 'Troubles', but there is a rich history as well to consider with regards to the shipbuilding industry (Belfast was where the Titanic was built) and the linen industry. In the more distant past, there are neolithic settlement sites, evidence of Celtic and Viking people, and Norman forts in the region.

=== Cultural/social/political context===
*Northern Ireland shares culture with both the Republic of Ireland and the rest of the United Kingdom. However, there are many foods, linguistic expressions and accents that are very specific to Northern Ireland and separate it culturally from both Great Britain and the Republic of Ireland.

*Politically, Northern Ireland has four main groups of people (although, of course, not everyone fits neatly into one of these categories): Republicans are those people who desire a political unity spanning the entire island of Ireland and are extreme in this viewpoint: some are willing to sponsor or participate in violent acts to achieve this end. The IRA is one group that has supported this agenda. Nationalists are those people who desire a united Ireland but only by peaceful means. Loyalists are the opposite of Republicans, in that they are willing to resort to violence and extreme measures to keep Northern Ireland a part of the United Kingdom. The UVF is a paramilitary group that was founded on Loyalist principles. Unionists also wish for Northern Ireland to remain part of the UK but only by peaceful means. So, it is fair to say that unionists and nationalists may disagree politically but are both generally moderate.

*Legally and economically, Northern Ireland is part of the United Kingdom and has the same legal and economic system as the rest of the UK.

=== History ===
*Historically, The Lagan has principally functioned as a water source for industry in Belfast, and for drainage. Neighborhoods were planned so that their streets ran perpendicular to the river, so that storm water would run into the river. Industry was located along the river historically, as well. However, now that the heavier industries have mostly been abandoned in Belfast, the river is being redeveloped as primarily residential use.

Illustration: Table or time line

=== Spatial analysis of area/project/plan===
*What are the main structural features?
*How has it been shaped? Were there any critical decisions?

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

=== Core Questions Working Group Green Structure Planning ===

==== How does funding influence the planning and use of public space? ====
* I am sure that funding is going to be an issue if this project is realized, which I hope is the case. At this point, I am exploring this topic as my thesis project and so it is not yet a reality in terms of being implemented. I foresee problems with funding in the following realms, if the project is realized: First, there is much property along the river that is privately owned. My understanding is that the river corridor is not public space at this time. One of my recommendations is going to be that the river and a buffer around it should be purchased by the city and designated as public space. Then, funding would probably be governmental of some sort. For those areas that are not purchased by the city but are still impacted by the design, I would recommend that they be approached individually and have the project presented to them. Hopefully this would inspire involvement from business owners wishing for more foot traffic, etc. I will include plans for habitat restoration (for birds, etc), as well as universally accessible recreation spaces. This will open up possible funding sources such as environmental groups and disabilities/special needs groups.

==== How are spaces within the site used both currently and projected? ====
* This is actually quite a difficult question to answer at this time, although as I continue my analysis of the are I will have to answer it in detail. Right now, the river is bordered by greenspaces (parks, botanic garden), neighbourhoods of varying economic levels, entertainment (the Odyssey Centre), new developments (the Titanic Quarter, for example), abandoned industry (the Gasworks), historic districts (Cathedral Quarter), and Belfast city centre. The river itself is primarily used as a recreational amenity, by rowing crews. There is a bridge outside of the city that supposedly many anglers frequent, and the river was recently stocked with salmon. There is also a river history tour. Although there are many nicely built paths on either side of the river, they are not used frequently by the public. I think that this is because they are disconnected from each other. This is one of the main reasons I chose this project.

==== How can the historic elements / layers be integrated? ====
* One of the challenges at my site is to reveal the older layers of history. The city of Belfast is unfortunately marked as being one of the major sites during the Troubles. I hope to reveal that there is much more to Belfast than its recent turbulent history. Possibilities to explore include Neolithic settlements, Celtic, Gaelic, Viking, and Norman influences, and possibly others. The shipbuilding and linen industries also have their stories to tell. There is a probability of a rich heritage lying underneath the surface, and I hope to reveal this network. From a geologic perspective, Belfast has very mucky soil and had to be built up quite a bit since the city's inception. This is probably why the river is surrounded by built edges in most of the urban areas. There is very little natural stone in this region, which is why most homes are traditionally built of brick - 'Belfast Brick' is now seen as an attractive historic element for a structure to be built of.

==== How do the contributing elements of water relate to the project? ====
* Recreational – as mentioned, the river is used for rowing crews and river tours. The river edges are not currently used much as a recreational amenity, but I think a design that addressed functionality around the site could change that. One of my goals is that a cyclist or someone in a racing wheelchair should be able to make a loop around the entire urban river area with ease.

* Historical – the Lagan was the reason the city was built here to begin with, as its mouth formed a port. The shipbuilding industry thrived in Belfast (this is where the Titanic was built) and Belfast still boasts the largest dry dock in the world. The river source is in the Mourne Mountains, and smaller settlements are located along it before it reaches Belfast and the sea. I have not yet uncovered the layers of history that are associated with the river, but I plan to do so.

* Transportation – Currently there are ten bridges crossing the river, within the city. One of these is pedestrian, and two are for trains. A water taxi was proposed at one time, and in fact several stations were built along the river for this purpose, although it is not in use now. The mouth of the Lagan, Belfast Lough, is still an active port.

* Environmental – The Lagan was historically used for industrial purposes and stormwater, so it was not very clean in the past. Upriver, outside of the city, there is much agriculture and pasture land, which impacts water quality as well. There is now a project underway to clean the river, and it has been stocked with salmon. There are birds and other wildlife that frequent the Lagan, but there is no management of habitat at this time, that I am aware of. There is great potential for providing urban habitats for birds and other animals. Replacing some of the invasive plant species with native grasses and plants that will provide food sources and nesting areas for birds is one strategy. Actually constructing nests for specific birds to use is another possible strategy.

==== How does the built environment relate to the landscape around it? ====
* The river is crossed by many bridges and surrounded by built edges along most of the urban interface. There are structures along the river, such as the Odyssey Centre, new flats, and a few industries and commercial buildings, but there are also large areas of open space where the city can be seen but does not encroach on the river edge. A water taxi was proposed at one time, and in fact several stations were built along the river for this purpose, although it is not in use now.

=== Analysis of program/function ===
* As one of the students pointed out after the presentation, many cities in the UK historically turned their backs to their rivers. This has been the case for Belfast, which is probably why the river edge is now not functioning well as a connecting path for the city. This lack of functionality is key to the project, and the final design product will probably focus on repairing the functionality of the river corridor. The diagram below illustrates the main functional dynamics around the focal site, as analysis has thus far revealed.

[[Image:functionality_diagram_copy.png]]

=== Analysis of design/planning process ===
* How was the area/project/plan formulated and implemented?
*Were there any important consultations/collaborations?
Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

=== Analysis of use/users ===
* How is the area/project/plan used and by whom?
* Is the use changing? Are there any issues?
Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

=== Future development directions ===
* How is the area/project/plan evolving?
* Are there any future goals?
Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

=== Peer reviews or critique ===
* Has the area/ project/plan been reviewed by academic or professional reviewers?
* What were their main evaluations?
Pleas add references, quotes...

=== Points of success and limitations ===
*What do you see as the main points of success and limitations of the area/project/plan?
Illustration: Summary table

=== What can be generalized from this case study? ===
*Are there any important theoretical insights?
Short statement plus background notes

=== Which research questions does it generate? ===
Short statement plus background notes

=== Image Gallery ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
</gallery>

=== References ===
Please add literature, documentations and weblinks

----
[[Category:Case Study]]
[[Category:Parks]]
[[Category:Northern Ireland]]
[[Category:Belfast]]
[[Category:Working Group Green Structure Planning]]

About categories: You can add more categories by copying the tag and filling in your additional categories

River Lagan

2009-01-14T15:26:29Z

2008-12-13T20:44:43Z

Claudia H: /* How can the historic elements / layers be integrated? */

'''Connectivity and the River Lagan, Belfast, Northern Ireland'''
{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''River Lagan''
|-
| '''Place''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Belfast''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Northern Ireland''
|-
| '''Topic''' || style="background:Lavender"|''please enter the topic here''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Claudia Houck''
|-
| '''Completion''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Please enter the date of completion''
|-
| '''Client''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Please enter the client''
|-
| '''Project costs''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Please enter the costs (if known)''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:smaller1.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| <googlemap version="0.9" lat="54.596036" lon="-5.918026" type="satellite" zoom="13" width="300" height="250"/>
|}

=== Rationale: Why is this case study interesting? ===
* Note: this case study is for my terminal thesis project, which is not yet complete. So, descriptions of its success, cost, etc cannot yet take place.
* The River Lagan runs through the center of Belfast, the largest city in Northern Ireland, with a population of just under 300,000 in the city. About 580,000 people live in the greater metro area, which includes the city of Lisburn and the large town of Bangor.[http://www.ninis.nisra.gov.uk/mapxtreme_towns/report.asp?settlementName=Belfast%20Metropolitan%20Urban%20Area%20(BMUA)&BandName=Belfast%20Metropolitan%20Urban%20Area%20(BMUA)] The city was located strategically at the mouth of the Lagan and has been a port city for its entire existence. The land use along the river was formerly a mix of residential and industrial, but now the industry is for the most part gone. Connectivity around the river is poor and, although there are many amenities located along the river, they are not connected to each other well, either physically or visually. In addition, the river has the potential to serve as a greenspace and ecosystem for many species of birds, fish, etc, especially now as there is currently a restoration project underway to clean the river. So, part two of my project is to design habitats along the river, within the city, so that Belfast can be re-introduced to the wildlife of the area and so that many species of birds will have new habitats for feeding and breeding.

=== Author's perspective ===
* I am now working on my MLA with expected graduation in May 2009. Additionally, I have visited Northern Ireland several times and lived there this past summer, working for a non-profit LA firm that specialized in community projects. It was during one of my many walks around the city this summer that I discovered the lack of connections between parks, neighborhoods, and city centre with the river that literally runs right past all of these amenities.

=== Landscape and/or urban context===
*Belfast sits in a bowl surrounded by hills, encircling the Belfast Lough which looks toward Scotland. The biogeography of the entire island of Ireland is very similar, with rolling hills and a very pastoral setting, which begins at the edge of the city. Culturally, Belfast is still considered to be polarized, although in recent years monumental advances have been made in community relations and the vast majority of people in Northern Ireland are looking forward to a prosperous future without strife such as they experienced in the past. The overall character of Belfast is of a cosmopolitan, European city with a mix of old and new architecture. Much of the built environment was destroyed during World War II, so today there is a broad spectrum of more recent architectural styles along with some beautiful architecture from Victorian era and before. Many people will be familiar enough with the recent history of Northern Ireland and the 'Troubles', but there is a rich history as well to consider with regards to the shipbuilding industry (Belfast was where the Titanic was built) and the linen industry. In the more distant past, there are neolithic settlement sites, evidence of Celtic and Viking people, and Norman forts in the region.

Illustrations:

[[Image:1660_Belfast.jpg]]

[[Image:smaller.jpg]]

=== Cultural/social/political context===
*Northern Ireland shares culture with both the Republic of Ireland and the rest of the United Kingdom. However, there are many foods, linguistic expressions and accents that are very specific to Northern Ireland and separate it culturally from both Great Britain and the Republic of Ireland.

*Politically, Northern Ireland has four main groups of people (although, of course, not everyone fits neatly into one of these categories): Republicans are those people who desire a political unity spanning the entire island of Ireland and are extreme in this viewpoint: some are willing to sponsor or participate in violent acts to achieve this end. The IRA is one group that has supported this agenda. Nationalists are those people who desire a united Ireland but only by peaceful means. Loyalists are the opposite of Republicans, in that they are willing to resort to violence and extreme measures to keep Northern Ireland a part of the United Kingdom. The UVF is a paramilitary group that was founded on Loyalist principles. Unionists also wish for Northern Ireland to remain part of the UK but only by peaceful means. So, it is fair to say that unionists and nationalists may disagree politically but are both generally moderate.

*Legally and economically, Northern Ireland is part of the United Kingdom and has the same legal and economic system as the rest of the UK.

=== History ===
*Historically, The Lagan has principally functioned as a water source for industry in Belfast, and for drainage. Neighborhoods were planned so that their streets ran perpendicular to the river, so that storm water would run into the river. Industry was located along the river historically, as well. However, now that the heavier industries have mostly been abandoned in Belfast, the river is being redeveloped as primarily residential use.

Illustration: Table or time line

=== Spatial analysis of area/project/plan===
*What are the main structural features?
*How has it been shaped? Were there any critical decisions?

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

=== Core Questions Working Group Green Structure Planning ===

==== How does funding influence the planning and use of public space? ====
* I am sure that funding is going to be an issue if this project is realized, which I hope is the case. At this point, I am exploring this topic as my thesis project and so it is not yet a reality in terms of being implemented. I foresee problems with funding in the following realms, if the project is realized: First, there is much property along the river that is privately owned. My understanding is that the river corridor is not public space at this time. One of my recommendations is going to be that the river and a buffer around it should be purchased by the city and designated as public space. Then, funding would probably be governmental of some sort. For those areas that are not purchased by the city but are still impacted by the design, I would recommend that they be approached individually and have the project presented to them. Hopefully this would inspire involvement from business owners wishing for more foot traffic, etc. I will include plans for habitat restoration (for birds, etc), as well as universally accessible recreation spaces. This will open up possible funding sources such as environmental groups and disabilities/special needs groups.

==== How are spaces within the site used, both currently and projected? ====
* This is actually quite a difficult question to answer at this time, although as I continue my analysis of the are I will have to answer it in detail. Right now, the river is bordered by greenspaces (parks, botanic garden), neighbourhoods of varying economic levels, entertainment (the Odyssey Centre), new developments (the Titanic Quarter, for example), abandoned industry (the Gasworks), historic districts (Cathedral Quarter), and Belfast city centre. The river itself is primarily used as a recreational amenity, by rowing crews. There is a bridge outside of the city that supposedly many anglers frequent, and the river was recently stocked with salmon. There is also a river history tour. Although there are many nicely built paths on either side of the river, they are not used frequently by the public. I think that this is because they are disconnected from each other. This is one of the main reasons I chose this project.

==== How can the historic elements / layers be integrated? ====
* One of the challenges at my site is to reveal the older layers of history. The city of Belfast is unfortunately marked as being one of the major sites during the Troubles. I hope to reveal that there is much more to Belfast than its recent turbulent history. Possibilities to explore include Neolithic settlements, Celtic, Gaelic, Viking, and Norman influences, and possibly others. The shipbuilding and linen industries also have their stories to tell. There is a probability of a rich heritage lying underneath the surface, and I hope to reveal this network. From a geologic perspective, Belfast has very mucky soil and had to be built up quite a bit since the city's inception. This is probably why the river is surrounded by built edges in most of the urban areas. There is very little natural stone in this region, which is why most homes are traditionally built of brick - 'Belfast Brick' is now seen as an attractive historic element for a structure to be built of.

==== How do the contributing elements of water relate to the project? ====
* Recreational – as mentioned, the river is used for rowing crews and river tours. The river edges are not currently used much as a recreational amenity, but I think a design that addressed functionality around the site could change that. One of my goals is that a cyclist or someone in a racing wheelchair should be able to make a loop around the entire urban river area with ease.

* Historical – the Lagan was the reason the city was built here to begin with, as its mouth formed a port. The shipbuilding industry thrived in Belfast (this is where the Titanic was built) and Belfast still boasts the largest dry dock in the world. The river source is in the Mourne Mountains, and smaller settlements are located along it before it reaches Belfast and the sea. I have not yet uncovered the layers of history that are associated with the river, but I plan to do so.

* Transportation – Currently there are ten bridges crossing the river, within the city. One of these is pedestrian, and two are for trains. A water taxi was proposed at one time, and in fact several stations were built along the river for this purpose, although it is not in use now. The mouth of the Lagan, Belfast Lough, is still an active port.

* Environmental – The Lagan was historically used for industrial purposes and stormwater, so it was not very clean in the past. Upriver, outside of the city, there is much agriculture and pasture land, which impacts water quality as well. There is now a project underway to clean the river, and it has been stocked with salmon. There are birds and other wildlife that frequent the Lagan, but there is no management of habitat at this time, that I am aware of. There is great potential for providing urban habitats for birds and other animals. Replacing some of the invasive plant species with native grasses and plants that will provide food sources and nesting areas for birds is one strategy. Actually constructing nests for specific birds to use is another possible strategy.

==== How does the built environment relate to the landscape around it? ====
* The river is crossed by many bridges and surrounded by built edges along most of the urban interface. There are structures along the river, such as the Odyssey Centre, new flats, and a few industries and commercial buildings, but there are also large areas of open space where the city can be seen but does not encroach on the river edge. A water taxi was proposed at one time, and in fact several stations were built along the river for this purpose, although it is not in use now.

=== Analysis of program/function ===
* What are the main functional characteristics?
* How have they been expressed or incorporated?
Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

=== Analysis of design/planning process ===
* How was the area/project/plan formulated and implemented?
*Were there any important consultations/collaborations?
Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

=== Analysis of use/users ===
* How is the area/project/plan used and by whom?
* Is the use changing? Are there any issues?
Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

=== Future development directions ===
* How is the area/project/plan evolving?
* Are there any future goals?
Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

=== Peer reviews or critique ===
* Has the area/ project/plan been reviewed by academic or professional reviewers?
* What were their main evaluations?
Pleas add references, quotes...

=== Points of success and limitations ===
*What do you see as the main points of success and limitations of the area/project/plan?
Illustration: Summary table

=== What can be generalized from this case study? ===
*Are there any important theoretical insights?
Short statement plus background notes

=== Which research questions does it generate? ===
Short statement plus background notes

=== Image Gallery ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
</gallery>

=== References ===
Please add literature, documentations and weblinks

----
[[Category:Case Study]]
[[Category:Parks]]
[[Category:Northern Ireland]]
[[Category:Belfast]]
[[Category:Working Group Green Structure Planning]]

About categories: You can add more categories by copying the tag and filling in your additional categories

Working Group Green Structure Planning

2008-12-11T21:39:43Z

Claudia H: /* How are spaces within the site used, both currently and projected? */

== Case Studies of this working group ==
The list includes all case studies categorised in this group and the respective answers to the first question "Rationale:Why is this case study interesting?"

''Attention: this is a dynamic page list, do not edit this paragraph!''
[[Category:Working Group Green Structure Planning]]

<DPL>
category=Working Group Green Structure Planning
mode=ordered
include = #Rationale: Why is this case study interesting?
</DPL>

== Core Questions of this Working Group ==

::1. How does funding influence the planning and use of public space? ''' (MARKUS)'''
::2. How are spaces within the site used, both currently and projected?
::3. How can the historic elements / layers be integrated? ''' (CLAUDIA)'''
::4. How do the contributing elements of water (recreational, historical, transportation, environmental, etc) relate to the project?
::5. How does the built environment relate to the landscape around it? '''(PAUL)'''
::6. Which functions the open spaces should perform to help achieve the established goals?
::7. How cultural factors (environmental perception, social conditions, ecological illiteracy, etc) can affect the design process and its post-implementation performance?

== Synthesis of Core Questions ==

=== How does funding influence the planning and use of public space? ===
(MARKUS)
<DPL>
category=Working Group Green Structure Planning
mode=ordered
include = #How does funding influence the planning and use of public space?
</DPL>
=== How are spaces within the site used, both currently and projected? ===
<DPL>
category=Working Group Green Structure Planning
mode=ordered
include = #How are spaces within the site used, both currently and projected?
</DPL>

River Lagan - This is actually quite a difficult question to answer at this time, although as I continue my analysis of the area I will have to answer it in detail. Right now, the river is bordered by greenspaces (parks, botanic garden), neighbourhoods of varying economic levels, entertainment (the Odyssey Centre), new developments (the Titanic Quarter, for example), abandoned industry (the Gasworks), historic districts (Cathedral Quarter), and Belfast city centre. The river itself is primarily used as a recreational amenity, by rowing crews. There is a bridge outside of the city that supposedly many anglers frequent, and the river was recently stocked with salmon. There is also a river history tour. Although there are many nicely built paths on either side of the river, they are not used frequently by the public. I think that this is because they are disconnected from each other. This is one of the main reasons I chose this project.

=== How can the historic elements / layers be integrated? ===
(CLAUDIA)
<DPL>
category=Working Group Green Structure Planning
mode=ordered
include = #How can the historic elements / layers be integrated?
</DPL>

=== How do the contributing elements of water relate to the project? ===
(recreational, historical, transportation, environmental, etc)
<DPL>
category=Working Group Green Structure Planning
mode=ordered
include = #How do the contributing elements of water relate to the project?
</DPL>
=== How does the built environment relate to the landscape around it? ===
(PAUL)
<DPL>
category=Working Group Green Structure Planning
mode=ordered
include = #How does the built environment relate to the landscape around it?
</DPL>

== Minutes this Working Group ==
=== First Meeting ===
[[Minutes from first group meeting (December 3rd)]]

Working Group Green Structure Planning

2008-12-11T21:38:38Z

2008-12-03T23:53:24Z

Claudia H:

[[Image:smaller1.jpg]]

File:Smaller1.jpg

2008-12-03T23:52:40Z

Claudia H: waterfront directly adjacent to city centre, Belfast

waterfront directly adjacent to city centre, Belfast

Urban Landscape Seminar Case Study List

2008-12-03T20:49:37Z

Claudia H: /* Green Structure Planning - Strategies and Policies */

''Dear Participants - Please add the title of your case study to the corresponding chapter. You can add your title to several chapters if your case study relates to more than one topic. This title will later on become the link to your case study page. Please consider this title carefully.
''

----

[[Image:Topicmap_urbanlandscapes.jpeg|right|Urban Landscapes Topic Map|300px|none|thumb]]
[[Image:Theme_selection.jpg|300px|right|thumb|Participants localise their case studies (October 29th, plenary session)]]

== Open Space Elements ==

=== Gardens ===

* [[Suzhou]]

''The classical Gardens of Suzhou, China'' by Zhang Yujun

=== Parks ===
*[[Lettenareal]]
''History of a popular park in the heart of Zürich, Switzerland'' by Louis Wenger

* [[Petuelpark]]
''An artistic and cultural project in Munich, Germany'' by Martina Tuda

*[[Mauerpark]]
''Design in mission to bring people together in Berlin, Germany'' by Haris Piplas

*[[Parks in Neu Oerlikon]]
''Parks in Neu Oerlikon, Zürich, Switzerland'' by Lars Wolfer, Yvonne Keller

*[[Landschaftspark Duisburg-Nord]]
''An interesting postindustrial park in Duisburg, Germany'' by Nilay Cobanoglu

*[[Naturpark Südgelände]]
''conversion of traffic area in Berlin, Germany'' by Salome Gohl

* [[El Palomar]]
''A new place to meet in Chihuahua, Mexico'' by Sofia Lopez

=== Squares ===
*[[Smithfield Square]]
''An old cattle market in Dublin. Redeveloped as a public open space as part of the re-generation of inner city Dublin, Ireland'' by Eunan O`Donnell

=== Streets ===
=== Sacred Places ===
=== Residential Environments ===
* [[Viikki]]
''An ecological housing area of Viikki in Helsinki, Finland'' by Virpi Vertainen

* [[Riyadh]]
''The Diplomatic Quarter in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia'' by Christoph Dankers

=== Commercial Environments ===
* [[Cihampelas City Walk]]
''Cihampelas City Walk in Bandung city, Indonesia'' by Nino Christian Handoyo

== Urban ecology and Nature conservation ==

* [[Viikki]]
''An ecological housing area of Viikki in Helsinki, Finland'' by Virpi Vertainen

*[[Great War Island]]
''A natural river island located in the central city zone of Belgrade, Serbia'' by Jovana Kovacevic and Daliborka Stojakovic

*[[High Island]]
''15km east from Paris' Center: An educative program about the relation between humans and nature near Paris, France'' by Lolita Voisin, France

*[[Lake Mogan]]
''Conflicts among the stakeholders during the conservation of Lake Mogan Special Protection Area, Turkey'' by Emel Baylan and Bihter Bingül

== Urban redevelopment and revitalisation / Brownfields ==
*[[Lincoln]]
''Planning for expansion: The reinvention of Lincoln, New Zealand'' by Paul Wilson

* [[Karlsruhe]]
''The contribution of landscape architecture to urban redevelopment and revitalisation: A case study exemplified by the east quarter of Karlsruhe, Germany'' by Joerg Kappler

* [[Bogota]]
''The new face of Bogota: How public transportation can changes the image of the city, Transmilenio'' by Victoria Solis

== Water Management and Urban Water ==
* [[Hangzhou]]
''Rebuilding the memory of scenery for Westlake in Hangzhou, China'' by Qinyi Gu

* [[River Liesing, Vienna]]
''Restructuring and renaturalisation of a former 70ies "Concrete bed river" according to the European Water Directive in the City of Vienna, Austria '' by Barbara Birli

== Urban Design ==

* [[Petuelpark]]
''An artistic and cultural project in Munich, Germany'' by Martina Tuda

== Public Space and Civic Identity ==
=== Participation ===
* [[Paseo del Buen Pastor]]
''A cultural, recreational and open Space in Córdoba, Argentina'' by Liliana Baldi

* [[Uggledal]]
''Comprehensive Plan of Uggledal in the city of Göteborg, Sweden'' by Andrew Butler

=== Gender mainstreaming ===

*[[Parks in Neu Oerlikon]]
''Parks in Neu Oerlikon, Zürich, Switzerland'' by Lars Wolfer, Yvonne Keller

=== Social inclusion ===
* [[Budapest-Józsefváros]]
''Regeneration Program in Budapest - Józsefváros, Hungary: - Renewal of retarded urban district with the involvement of the residents'' by Agnieszka Górniak

* [[Medellin]]
''Social Urbanism: Enhancing community building and social capital through public space. A case study in the city of Medellin, Colombia'' by Camilo Calderon

*[[Suleymaniye Regeneration Area]]
''The Historic Peninsula of Istanbul - Dynaming the Urban Regeneration for All: Improving Alternatives for Social Sustainability of the Suleymaniye Regeneration Process in Istanbul, Turkey'' by Harun Ekinoglu

=== Public relations ===

=== Civic Identity ===
* [[Petuelpark]]
''An artistic and cultural project in Munich, Germany'' by Martina Tuda
* [[Sulzer Factory Area]]
''Winterthur, Switzerland 2004'' by Roman Häne

== Green Structure Planning - Strategies and Policies ==
=== Green Belt ===
* [[Schweinfurt]]
''The creation of a green belt as an impulse for urban regeneration in Schweinfurt, Germany'' by Markus Peter

*[[River Lagan]]
''Connectivity and the River Lagan, Belfast, Northern Ireland'' by Claudia Houck

=== Green Infrastructure ===

* [[Caulim Creek Neighborshed]]
''Green Infrastructure for Informal Settlement in Watershed Area of São Paulo Metropolitan Region, Brazil'' by Thelma Hisayasu and Paulo Pellegrino

=== Transport / Infrastructure Planning ===
=== Urban Agriculture / Forestery ===

=== Wetland park ===
* [[Taizhou]]
''Designing a wetland park in Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, China'' by Jing Bai

=== Regional park ===
* [[Rhein-Main Regional Park]]
''Regional parks as informal tool of spatial planning at the example of Rhein-Main metropolitan area, Germany'' by Nils Pudewills

== City Region ==
=== Peripheral Landscapes ===
*[[Buchrain]]
''Acoustic problem by the highway in the village of Buchrain - Landscape modification in Luzern, Switzerland'' by Juliana Aschwanden

=== Urban Agriculture / Forestry ===

== History and Conservation ==
*[[Villa D'Este]]
''Villa D'Este in Tivoli, Italy'' by Denise Ascione
*[[Sulzer Industrial Area]]
''Winterthur, Switzerland'' by Martina Anna Kühne

Urban Landscape Seminar Case Study List

2008-12-03T20:48:52Z

Claudia H: /* Urban ecology and Nature conservation */

''Dear Participants - Please add the title of your case study to the corresponding chapter. You can add your title to several chapters if your case study relates to more than one topic. This title will later on become the link to your case study page. Please consider this title carefully.
''

----

[[Image:Topicmap_urbanlandscapes.jpeg|right|Urban Landscapes Topic Map|300px|none|thumb]]
[[Image:Theme_selection.jpg|300px|right|thumb|Participants localise their case studies (October 29th, plenary session)]]

== Open Space Elements ==

=== Gardens ===

* [[Suzhou]]

''The classical Gardens of Suzhou, China'' by Zhang Yujun

=== Parks ===
*[[Lettenareal]]
''History of a popular park in the heart of Zürich, Switzerland'' by Louis Wenger

* [[Petuelpark]]
''An artistic and cultural project in Munich, Germany'' by Martina Tuda

*[[Mauerpark]]
''Design in mission to bring people together in Berlin, Germany'' by Haris Piplas

*[[Parks in Neu Oerlikon]]
''Parks in Neu Oerlikon, Zürich, Switzerland'' by Lars Wolfer, Yvonne Keller

*[[Landschaftspark Duisburg-Nord]]
''An interesting postindustrial park in Duisburg, Germany'' by Nilay Cobanoglu

*[[Naturpark Südgelände]]
''conversion of traffic area in Berlin, Germany'' by Salome Gohl

* [[El Palomar]]
''A new place to meet in Chihuahua, Mexico'' by Sofia Lopez

=== Squares ===
*[[Smithfield Square]]
''An old cattle market in Dublin. Redeveloped as a public open space as part of the re-generation of inner city Dublin, Ireland'' by Eunan O`Donnell

=== Streets ===
=== Sacred Places ===
=== Residential Environments ===
* [[Viikki]]
''An ecological housing area of Viikki in Helsinki, Finland'' by Virpi Vertainen

* [[Riyadh]]
''The Diplomatic Quarter in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia'' by Christoph Dankers

=== Commercial Environments ===
* [[Cihampelas City Walk]]
''Cihampelas City Walk in Bandung city, Indonesia'' by Nino Christian Handoyo

== Urban ecology and Nature conservation ==

* [[Viikki]]
''An ecological housing area of Viikki in Helsinki, Finland'' by Virpi Vertainen

*[[Great War Island]]
''A natural river island located in the central city zone of Belgrade, Serbia'' by Jovana Kovacevic and Daliborka Stojakovic

*[[High Island]]
''15km east from Paris' Center: An educative program about the relation between humans and nature near Paris, France'' by Lolita Voisin, France

*[[Lake Mogan]]
''Conflicts among the stakeholders during the conservation of Lake Mogan Special Protection Area, Turkey'' by Emel Baylan and Bihter Bingül

== Urban redevelopment and revitalisation / Brownfields ==
*[[Lincoln]]
''Planning for expansion: The reinvention of Lincoln, New Zealand'' by Paul Wilson

* [[Karlsruhe]]
''The contribution of landscape architecture to urban redevelopment and revitalisation: A case study exemplified by the east quarter of Karlsruhe, Germany'' by Joerg Kappler

* [[Bogota]]
''The new face of Bogota: How public transportation can changes the image of the city, Transmilenio'' by Victoria Solis

== Water Management and Urban Water ==
* [[Hangzhou]]
''Rebuilding the memory of scenery for Westlake in Hangzhou, China'' by Qinyi Gu

* [[River Liesing, Vienna]]
''Restructuring and renaturalisation of a former 70ies "Concrete bed river" according to the European Water Directive in the City of Vienna, Austria '' by Barbara Birli

== Urban Design ==

* [[Petuelpark]]
''An artistic and cultural project in Munich, Germany'' by Martina Tuda

== Public Space and Civic Identity ==
=== Participation ===
* [[Paseo del Buen Pastor]]
''A cultural, recreational and open Space in Córdoba, Argentina'' by Liliana Baldi

* [[Uggledal]]
''Comprehensive Plan of Uggledal in the city of Göteborg, Sweden'' by Andrew Butler

=== Gender mainstreaming ===

*[[Parks in Neu Oerlikon]]
''Parks in Neu Oerlikon, Zürich, Switzerland'' by Lars Wolfer, Yvonne Keller

=== Social inclusion ===
* [[Budapest-Józsefváros]]
''Regeneration Program in Budapest - Józsefváros, Hungary: - Renewal of retarded urban district with the involvement of the residents'' by Agnieszka Górniak

* [[Medellin]]
''Social Urbanism: Enhancing community building and social capital through public space. A case study in the city of Medellin, Colombia'' by Camilo Calderon

*[[Suleymaniye Regeneration Area]]
''The Historic Peninsula of Istanbul - Dynaming the Urban Regeneration for All: Improving Alternatives for Social Sustainability of the Suleymaniye Regeneration Process in Istanbul, Turkey'' by Harun Ekinoglu

=== Public relations ===

=== Civic Identity ===
* [[Petuelpark]]
''An artistic and cultural project in Munich, Germany'' by Martina Tuda
* [[Sulzer Factory Area]]
''Winterthur, Switzerland 2004'' by Roman Häne

== Green Structure Planning - Strategies and Policies ==
=== Green Belt ===
* [[Schweinfurt]]
''The creation of a green belt as an impulse for urban regeneration in Schweinfurt, Germany'' by Markus Peter

=== Green Infrastructure ===

* [[Caulim Creek Neighborshed]]
''Green Infrastructure for Informal Settlement in Watershed Area of São Paulo Metropolitan Region, Brazil'' by Thelma Hisayasu and Paulo Pellegrino

=== Transport / Infrastructure Planning ===
=== Urban Agriculture / Forestery ===

=== Wetland park ===
* [[Taizhou]]
''Designing a wetland park in Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, China'' by Jing Bai

=== Regional park ===
* [[Rhein-Main Regional Park]]
''Regional parks as informal tool of spatial planning at the example of Rhein-Main metropolitan area, Germany'' by Nils Pudewills

== City Region ==
=== Peripheral Landscapes ===
*[[Buchrain]]
''Acoustic problem by the highway in the village of Buchrain - Landscape modification in Luzern, Switzerland'' by Juliana Aschwanden

=== Urban Agriculture / Forestry ===

== History and Conservation ==
*[[Villa D'Este]]
''Villa D'Este in Tivoli, Italy'' by Denise Ascione
*[[Sulzer Industrial Area]]
''Winterthur, Switzerland'' by Martina Anna Kühne