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Group D - Collaborative Climate Adaption Project

2013-01-14T21:21:58Z

Cashfangcn: /* Analysis of vulnerability */

* Back to [[Working_Groups_Seminar_Climate_Change_2012|working group overview]]
* [[Group D - Concept Mapping of Seminar Topics]]
{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Area''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Aranjuez''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Spain''
|-
| '''Topic''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Effects of climate change and adaptation possibilities - case study from Aranjuez, Spain''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Eduardo Casado Fernández, Fang Yi, Daniela Staykova''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[File:Aranjuez.JPG|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=40.03219
|lng=-3.602671
|zoom=11
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

=== Rationale: Why have you selected this case study area? ===
*Aranjuez is a town and lying 48 km south of Madrid in the southern part of the autonomous community of the Community of Madrid.
As of 2009, it has a population of 54,055.
It is in the Wolrd Heritage List as Cultural Landscape.
Climate change is affecting the gardens which are one of the most important elements of the cultural landscape and is affecting the massive trees, mainly specimens of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platanus_%C3%97_acerifolia ''Platanus'' x ''hispanica''](more than 20-30 m high), and either urban planning is not being helpful either. There are also some other important problems, that should be addressed as soon as possible e.g. the nightmare of the access to the city and its collateral effects.

=== Authors' perspectives ===
* As landscape architecs we have an important role to play defining policies (i.e. urban ordinances) designing and applying strategies to improve urban design to preserve the core value of the Cultural Landscape of Aranjuez represented by the historical Gardens of Aranjuez linked to the Royal Palace. Also it is necessary to define policies for landscaping and integrating vegetation regarding other places of the city.

=== LANDSCAPE AND/OR URBAN CONTEST===

== Population In Aranjuez ==

[[File:Population In Aranjuez.jpg|200px|thumb|left|alt text]]

== Land Clasification in Aranjuez ==

[[File:Aranjuez Land Categories.jpg|200px|thumb|left|Land Categories in Aranjuez]]

== History ==
Aranjuez it was the name of an ancient pasture that was understanding, approximately, the lands located among the Tajo and the Sea of Ontígola, of north to south, and the Street of the King and the Bare of the Star, of this to west. In the term of the ancient pasture, were found the village of Aranz, about the gasket of the Tajo rivers and Jarama. From the times of Felipe II, the name of Aranjuez served to designate to the Place, thereinafter Royal Place and, from the reign of Fernando VI, name of the population that here was seated.

The Aranjuez area enjoyed a long history of human settlement before becoming a strategic stronghold during Roman times. Then its position at a river crossing and cross roads - a factor to be repeatedly influential - gave it a significance in the political geography of the time. It lay in a sparsely populated region thereafter and was eventually granted by the Crown to the military order of St James of Santiago in the medieval period. Towards the end of the 14th century, the knights built a palace in the middle of the woods, then replete with game.

Aranjuez became a Royal site in the 15th century, but it was Philip II in the 16th century who created the first period of splendour. He built a new palace and large ornamental and vegetable gardens laid out according to geometric principles, attempting to symbolize his world-wide imperial sovereignty based on a centralized state while at the same time celebrating a return to nature, its structure, and man's supremacy according to the canons of Humanism. It was also a private and personal retreat. Phillip meanwhile pursued botanical experimentation, acclimatizing plant species from all over the world, and introduced hydraulic engineering based on best practice in central Europe and Italy. During the 17th century Aranjuez prospered as the annual abode of royalty, a place of pageantry and hunting, and a source of inspiration for and patronage of some of the greatest Spanish poets of the Golden Age.

The continuing splendour of the 18th century culminated in the building of a new town close to the palace. During the reign of Charles III, the city and its surrounding area became an experimental ground for physiocratic, agricultural, scientific, and social ideas lying at the heart of the Enlightenment. The King sought to provide exemplars both for horticultural practice and in the design of model farms. Such cultural grandeur effectively died when, under external pressure from French Revolutionary ideas and Napoleon's ambitions, the Aranjuez Riot at the end of the century signalled the end of Spain's Ancien Régime.

After a brief revival which added a new element of modernism and eclecticism to the Royal Site during the first half of the 19th century, the end of the reign of Isabella II marked the close of the Crown's exclusive role in the history of this riverside complex and community. A City Council was established independent of Royal command (1836) and the Royal family's use of Aranjuez decreased. At the Revolution in 1868, all Crown property passed to the State and, although large parts of Aranjuez were initially excepted, all that was left in Royal hands by the early 1870s were fragments of their former estate. Meanwhile, the population increased and a railway line (1851) stimulated vigorous economic activity at the price of cutting the Palace's eastern vistas and bisecting the Picotajo garden. During the 20th century Aranjuez became a densely populated satellite city of Madrid, an industrial and cultural centre in which memory and maintenance of the Royal Site deteriorated. Nevertheless, the Site overall kept its integrity, and by the end of that century new assessments, policies, and programmes of works reflected new attitudes of respect for the Royal Site.
Source: UNESCO/CLT/WHC

*Biogeography, land use patterns, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics
* ratio of green/blue and sealed/built-up areas

Illustration:
Map; sketches; short descriptive analyses

=== Cultural/social/political context===

== Cultural Landscape Description ==

Justification for Inscription as Cultural Landscape (ICOMOS)

Criterion ii : Aranjuez represents the coming together of diverse cultural influences to create a cultural landscape that had a formative influence on further developments in this field.

Criterion iv : The complex designed cultural landscape of Aranjuez, derived from a variety of sources, mark a seminal stage in the development of landscape design.

The complex cultural landscape of Aranjuez, derived from a variety of sources, marks a seminal stage in the development of landscape design. It represents the coming together of diverse cultural influences to create a cultural landscape that had a formative influence on further developments in this field. Aranjuez has been witness to various cultural exchanges over a span of time, in a specific cultural area, that has had a tremendous influence in the development of its landmarks and the creation of its landscape.

Aranjuez represents a model for a given culture's use of its territory. However, the city has become increasingly vulnerable since the disappearance at the turn of the century of the Royal Court that had so much influence on its development. This area enjoyed a long history of human settlement before becoming a strategic stronghold during Roman times, with its position at a river crossing (the Tajo and the Jarama) and cross-roads, to the south of Madrid and to the north-west of Toledo. Towards the end of the 14th century, the knights built a palace in the middle of the woods, then replete with game. But it was Philip II in the 16th century who created the first period of splendour. He built a new palace and large ornamental and vegetable gardens laid out according to geometric principles and it was also a private and personal retreat. During the 17th century Aranjuez prospered as the annual abode of royalty, a place of pageantry and hunting, and a source of inspiration for the patronage of some of the greatest Spanish poets of the Golden Age.

The continuing splendour of the 18th century culminated in the building of a new town close to the palace. After a brief revival which added a new element of modernism and eclecticism to the royal site during the first half of the 19th century, the end of the reign of Isabella II marked the close of the Crown's exclusive role in the history of this riverside complex and community. At the Revolution in 1868, all Crown property passed to the State. By the early 1870s the population increased and a railway line (1851) stimulated vigorous economic activity at the price of cutting the palace's eastern vistas and bisecting the Picotajo garden. During the 20th century, Aranjuez became a densely populated satellite city of Madrid, an industrial and cultural centre. Nevertheless, the site overall kept its integrity. The whole area appears as a green oasis in a landscape otherwise of sierra type, dry, brown and fairly barren of vegetation as a result of climate, geomorphology, and over-exploitive land use.

The site incorporates a planned town, large gardens, vegetable gardens and orchards, lagoons, rivers and waterworks, woods, and moors. The main elements are the Palace and Island Garden, arranged around a plaza with, on the east, the King's Garden of irregular plan with fountains and, on the west, avenues and vistas eventually cut by the railway with, across a canal to the north, entirely within a sharp bend of the river beyond the Garden of the Statues and a fountain, the geometric Island Garden full of fountains and other structures; the Great Historic Garden consisting of a series of gardens which together comprise the bulk of the area; the urban area is subdivided into an industrial area west of the palace, incorporating the railway station and the gardens west of the palace, and the 18th-century town that is now the historic core of modern Aranjuez (the original town plan is intact); and the Prince's Garden, a late 18th- to early 19th-century garden that stretches along the south bank of the Tajo, north-east of the town. These elements are subsumed in a series of intermeshed landscapes, all combining conceptually to create a cultural landscape with rivers, dams, ditches, and fountains. The agricultural landscape is formed by vegetable gardens, orchards, nurseries and stock-breeding; the gardens form a delectable landscape. The geometry, starting with the grand alignments of Phillip II, also influenced parts of the hydraulic system, although clearly other factors were at play there; conversely, the hydrology fed the fountains and ponds, which were usually placed at particular points determined by geometry, albeit serving an aesthetic purpose.

The constructed landscape is formed by roads, architecture, and town. Both the natural and geometric bases of the site as a whole survive remarkably well, with relatively little loss and effectively (modern communication routes apart) no inappropriate intrusion. Major buildings as well as the city's layout and its gardens and tree-lined avenues have been preserved as the characteristic of an urban community among orchards and groves living on a ground plan.
Source: UNESCO/CLT/WHC

*Brief explanation of culture, political economy, legal framework

Illustration:
Bullet points, image, background notes

=== '''LOCAL CLIMATE''' ===

== Climatic Data Period 1933-1969 ==

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Temperature_Data_1933-1969_(37 years).jpg|Temperature_Data_1933-1969_(37 years)
Image:Temperature Parameters 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Temperature Parameters 1933-1969 (37 years)
Image:Seasonal Parameters 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Parameters 1933-1969 (37 years)
Image:Temperature Diagram 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Temperature Diagram 1933-1969 (37 years)
Image:Water Index Card 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Water Index Card 1933-1969 (37 years)
Image:Precipitation Parameters 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Precipitation Parameters 1933-1969 (37 years)
Image:Climatic Diagram 02 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Climatic Diagram 02 1933-1969 (37 years)
Image:Ombrotermic Diagram 02 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Ombrotermic Diagram 02 1933-1969 (37 years)
Image:Bioclimatic Index and Diagnosis 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Bioclimatic Index and Diagnosis 1933-1969 (37 years)
Image:Bioclimatic Indexes 01 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Bioclimatic Indexes 01 1933-1969 (37 years)
Image:Bioclimatic Indexes 02 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Bioclimatic Indexes 02 1933-1969 (37 years)
Image:Bioclimatic Parameters 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Bioclimatic Parameters 1933-1969 (37 years)
Image:Summary of Rivas Martinez Classification 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Summary of Rivas Martinez Classification 1933-1969 (37 years)
</gallery>

== '''Climatic Data Period 1971 -2000 (Getafe Weather Station)''' ==

== Getafe - Aranjuez Location ==

[[File:Aranjuez Getafe Location.jpg|400px]]

== Getafe Climatic Data ==

[[File:Climatic Data Getafe.jpg]]

== Aranjuez Average Climate Data up to 2009 ==
[[File:Average Local Data up to 2009.jpg]]

== Flood Ocurrence ==

[[File:Mapa riesgo inundabilidad.jpg|700px]]

*Which changes are expected? Is there any evidence?

Illustration: Table or time line

=== Analysis of vulnerability ===
[[File:East_Road_adjacent_to_Jardin_del_Principe_01.jpg|400px]]|
[[File:Glorieta_de_Santiago_Rusi%C3%B1ol_The_other_side_of_the_Tagus_river.jpg|400px]]
[[File:North_Puente_Largo_over_Jarama_River.jpg|400px]]
[[File:West_Roundabout_West_access.jpg|400px]]
[[File:Right_tree_for_the_right_place.jpg|400px]]
[[File:Trees_need_enough_room_to_grow_01.jpg|400px]]

[[File:Aerial_photo_1946.jpg|400px]]
[[File:Aerial_photo_1956.jpg|400px]]
[[File:Aerial_photo_1975.jpg|400px]]
[[File:Aerial_photo_1991.jpg|400px]]
[[File:Aerial_photo_2006.jpg|400px]]
[[File:Aerial_photo_2011.jpg|400px]]

[[File:Laminar_erosion_map.jpg|400px]]
[[File:Wind_erosion_map.jpg|400px]]

=== Proposals for Climate Change Adaption ===
* How could your case study area become more resilient to climate change?
* Which measures would need to be taken to adapt to the new situation?
* How could you assure sustainability of these measures?
* Please describe 2-3 measures

=== Proposals for Climate Change Mitigation ===
* Which measures would need to be taken to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and other drivers of climate change within your case study area?
* How could you assure sustainability of these measures?
* Please describe 2-3 measures

=== Your scenario ===
*How will this area look like in 2060?
*Please forecast one potential future development taking climate change into account

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

=== What can be generalized from this case study? ===
*Are there any important theoretical insights?
*Which research questions does it generate?
*Short statement plus background notes

=== Presentation Slides ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:addnewimagename.jpg|Slide One
Image:addnewimagename.jpg|Slide Two
Image:addnewimagename.jpg|Slide Three
</gallery>

=== Image Gallery ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
</gallery>

=== References ===
Please add literature, documentations and weblinks

----
[[Category:Climate Change Case Study]]
About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

{{#widget:WidgetName|param1=value1|param2=value2}}

Group D - Collaborative Climate Adaption Project

2013-01-14T21:21:32Z

Cashfangcn: /* Analysis of vulnerability */

* Back to [[Working_Groups_Seminar_Climate_Change_2012|working group overview]]
* [[Group D - Concept Mapping of Seminar Topics]]
{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Area''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Aranjuez''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Spain''
|-
| '''Topic''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Effects of climate change and adaptation possibilities - case study from Aranjuez, Spain''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Eduardo Casado Fernández, Fang Yi, Daniela Staykova''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[File:Aranjuez.JPG|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=40.03219
|lng=-3.602671
|zoom=11
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

=== Rationale: Why have you selected this case study area? ===
*Aranjuez is a town and lying 48 km south of Madrid in the southern part of the autonomous community of the Community of Madrid.
As of 2009, it has a population of 54,055.
It is in the Wolrd Heritage List as Cultural Landscape.
Climate change is affecting the gardens which are one of the most important elements of the cultural landscape and is affecting the massive trees, mainly specimens of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platanus_%C3%97_acerifolia ''Platanus'' x ''hispanica''](more than 20-30 m high), and either urban planning is not being helpful either. There are also some other important problems, that should be addressed as soon as possible e.g. the nightmare of the access to the city and its collateral effects.

=== Authors' perspectives ===
* As landscape architecs we have an important role to play defining policies (i.e. urban ordinances) designing and applying strategies to improve urban design to preserve the core value of the Cultural Landscape of Aranjuez represented by the historical Gardens of Aranjuez linked to the Royal Palace. Also it is necessary to define policies for landscaping and integrating vegetation regarding other places of the city.

=== LANDSCAPE AND/OR URBAN CONTEST===

== Population In Aranjuez ==

[[File:Population In Aranjuez.jpg|200px|thumb|left|alt text]]

== Land Clasification in Aranjuez ==

[[File:Aranjuez Land Categories.jpg|200px|thumb|left|Land Categories in Aranjuez]]

== History ==
Aranjuez it was the name of an ancient pasture that was understanding, approximately, the lands located among the Tajo and the Sea of Ontígola, of north to south, and the Street of the King and the Bare of the Star, of this to west. In the term of the ancient pasture, were found the village of Aranz, about the gasket of the Tajo rivers and Jarama. From the times of Felipe II, the name of Aranjuez served to designate to the Place, thereinafter Royal Place and, from the reign of Fernando VI, name of the population that here was seated.

The Aranjuez area enjoyed a long history of human settlement before becoming a strategic stronghold during Roman times. Then its position at a river crossing and cross roads - a factor to be repeatedly influential - gave it a significance in the political geography of the time. It lay in a sparsely populated region thereafter and was eventually granted by the Crown to the military order of St James of Santiago in the medieval period. Towards the end of the 14th century, the knights built a palace in the middle of the woods, then replete with game.

Aranjuez became a Royal site in the 15th century, but it was Philip II in the 16th century who created the first period of splendour. He built a new palace and large ornamental and vegetable gardens laid out according to geometric principles, attempting to symbolize his world-wide imperial sovereignty based on a centralized state while at the same time celebrating a return to nature, its structure, and man's supremacy according to the canons of Humanism. It was also a private and personal retreat. Phillip meanwhile pursued botanical experimentation, acclimatizing plant species from all over the world, and introduced hydraulic engineering based on best practice in central Europe and Italy. During the 17th century Aranjuez prospered as the annual abode of royalty, a place of pageantry and hunting, and a source of inspiration for and patronage of some of the greatest Spanish poets of the Golden Age.

The continuing splendour of the 18th century culminated in the building of a new town close to the palace. During the reign of Charles III, the city and its surrounding area became an experimental ground for physiocratic, agricultural, scientific, and social ideas lying at the heart of the Enlightenment. The King sought to provide exemplars both for horticultural practice and in the design of model farms. Such cultural grandeur effectively died when, under external pressure from French Revolutionary ideas and Napoleon's ambitions, the Aranjuez Riot at the end of the century signalled the end of Spain's Ancien Régime.

After a brief revival which added a new element of modernism and eclecticism to the Royal Site during the first half of the 19th century, the end of the reign of Isabella II marked the close of the Crown's exclusive role in the history of this riverside complex and community. A City Council was established independent of Royal command (1836) and the Royal family's use of Aranjuez decreased. At the Revolution in 1868, all Crown property passed to the State and, although large parts of Aranjuez were initially excepted, all that was left in Royal hands by the early 1870s were fragments of their former estate. Meanwhile, the population increased and a railway line (1851) stimulated vigorous economic activity at the price of cutting the Palace's eastern vistas and bisecting the Picotajo garden. During the 20th century Aranjuez became a densely populated satellite city of Madrid, an industrial and cultural centre in which memory and maintenance of the Royal Site deteriorated. Nevertheless, the Site overall kept its integrity, and by the end of that century new assessments, policies, and programmes of works reflected new attitudes of respect for the Royal Site.
Source: UNESCO/CLT/WHC

*Biogeography, land use patterns, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics
* ratio of green/blue and sealed/built-up areas

Illustration:
Map; sketches; short descriptive analyses

=== Cultural/social/political context===

== Cultural Landscape Description ==

Justification for Inscription as Cultural Landscape (ICOMOS)

Criterion ii : Aranjuez represents the coming together of diverse cultural influences to create a cultural landscape that had a formative influence on further developments in this field.

Criterion iv : The complex designed cultural landscape of Aranjuez, derived from a variety of sources, mark a seminal stage in the development of landscape design.

The complex cultural landscape of Aranjuez, derived from a variety of sources, marks a seminal stage in the development of landscape design. It represents the coming together of diverse cultural influences to create a cultural landscape that had a formative influence on further developments in this field. Aranjuez has been witness to various cultural exchanges over a span of time, in a specific cultural area, that has had a tremendous influence in the development of its landmarks and the creation of its landscape.

Aranjuez represents a model for a given culture's use of its territory. However, the city has become increasingly vulnerable since the disappearance at the turn of the century of the Royal Court that had so much influence on its development. This area enjoyed a long history of human settlement before becoming a strategic stronghold during Roman times, with its position at a river crossing (the Tajo and the Jarama) and cross-roads, to the south of Madrid and to the north-west of Toledo. Towards the end of the 14th century, the knights built a palace in the middle of the woods, then replete with game. But it was Philip II in the 16th century who created the first period of splendour. He built a new palace and large ornamental and vegetable gardens laid out according to geometric principles and it was also a private and personal retreat. During the 17th century Aranjuez prospered as the annual abode of royalty, a place of pageantry and hunting, and a source of inspiration for the patronage of some of the greatest Spanish poets of the Golden Age.

The continuing splendour of the 18th century culminated in the building of a new town close to the palace. After a brief revival which added a new element of modernism and eclecticism to the royal site during the first half of the 19th century, the end of the reign of Isabella II marked the close of the Crown's exclusive role in the history of this riverside complex and community. At the Revolution in 1868, all Crown property passed to the State. By the early 1870s the population increased and a railway line (1851) stimulated vigorous economic activity at the price of cutting the palace's eastern vistas and bisecting the Picotajo garden. During the 20th century, Aranjuez became a densely populated satellite city of Madrid, an industrial and cultural centre. Nevertheless, the site overall kept its integrity. The whole area appears as a green oasis in a landscape otherwise of sierra type, dry, brown and fairly barren of vegetation as a result of climate, geomorphology, and over-exploitive land use.

The site incorporates a planned town, large gardens, vegetable gardens and orchards, lagoons, rivers and waterworks, woods, and moors. The main elements are the Palace and Island Garden, arranged around a plaza with, on the east, the King's Garden of irregular plan with fountains and, on the west, avenues and vistas eventually cut by the railway with, across a canal to the north, entirely within a sharp bend of the river beyond the Garden of the Statues and a fountain, the geometric Island Garden full of fountains and other structures; the Great Historic Garden consisting of a series of gardens which together comprise the bulk of the area; the urban area is subdivided into an industrial area west of the palace, incorporating the railway station and the gardens west of the palace, and the 18th-century town that is now the historic core of modern Aranjuez (the original town plan is intact); and the Prince's Garden, a late 18th- to early 19th-century garden that stretches along the south bank of the Tajo, north-east of the town. These elements are subsumed in a series of intermeshed landscapes, all combining conceptually to create a cultural landscape with rivers, dams, ditches, and fountains. The agricultural landscape is formed by vegetable gardens, orchards, nurseries and stock-breeding; the gardens form a delectable landscape. The geometry, starting with the grand alignments of Phillip II, also influenced parts of the hydraulic system, although clearly other factors were at play there; conversely, the hydrology fed the fountains and ponds, which were usually placed at particular points determined by geometry, albeit serving an aesthetic purpose.

The constructed landscape is formed by roads, architecture, and town. Both the natural and geometric bases of the site as a whole survive remarkably well, with relatively little loss and effectively (modern communication routes apart) no inappropriate intrusion. Major buildings as well as the city's layout and its gardens and tree-lined avenues have been preserved as the characteristic of an urban community among orchards and groves living on a ground plan.
Source: UNESCO/CLT/WHC

*Brief explanation of culture, political economy, legal framework

Illustration:
Bullet points, image, background notes

=== '''LOCAL CLIMATE''' ===

== Climatic Data Period 1933-1969 ==

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Temperature_Data_1933-1969_(37 years).jpg|Temperature_Data_1933-1969_(37 years)
Image:Temperature Parameters 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Temperature Parameters 1933-1969 (37 years)
Image:Seasonal Parameters 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Parameters 1933-1969 (37 years)
Image:Temperature Diagram 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Temperature Diagram 1933-1969 (37 years)
Image:Water Index Card 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Water Index Card 1933-1969 (37 years)
Image:Precipitation Parameters 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Precipitation Parameters 1933-1969 (37 years)
Image:Climatic Diagram 02 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Climatic Diagram 02 1933-1969 (37 years)
Image:Ombrotermic Diagram 02 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Ombrotermic Diagram 02 1933-1969 (37 years)
Image:Bioclimatic Index and Diagnosis 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Bioclimatic Index and Diagnosis 1933-1969 (37 years)
Image:Bioclimatic Indexes 01 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Bioclimatic Indexes 01 1933-1969 (37 years)
Image:Bioclimatic Indexes 02 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Bioclimatic Indexes 02 1933-1969 (37 years)
Image:Bioclimatic Parameters 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Bioclimatic Parameters 1933-1969 (37 years)
Image:Summary of Rivas Martinez Classification 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Summary of Rivas Martinez Classification 1933-1969 (37 years)
</gallery>

== '''Climatic Data Period 1971 -2000 (Getafe Weather Station)''' ==

== Getafe - Aranjuez Location ==

[[File:Aranjuez Getafe Location.jpg|400px]]

== Getafe Climatic Data ==

[[File:Climatic Data Getafe.jpg]]

== Aranjuez Average Climate Data up to 2009 ==
[[File:Average Local Data up to 2009.jpg]]

== Flood Ocurrence ==

[[File:Mapa riesgo inundabilidad.jpg|700px]]

*Which changes are expected? Is there any evidence?

Illustration: Table or time line

=== Analysis of vulnerability ===
[[File:East_Road_adjacent_to_Jardin_del_Principe_01.jpg|400px]]|
[[File:Glorieta_de_Santiago_Rusi%C3%B1ol_The_other_side_of_the_Tagus_river.jpg|400px]]
[[File:North_Puente_Largo_over_Jarama_River.jpg|400px]]
[[File:West_Roundabout_West_access.jpg|400px]]
[[File:Right_tree_for_the_right_place.jpg|400px]]
[[File:Trees_need_enough_room_to_grow_01.jpg|400px]]
[[File:Aerial_photo_1946.jpg|400px]]
[[File:Aerial_photo_1956.jpg|400px]]
[[File:Aerial_photo_1975.jpg|400px]]
[[File:Aerial_photo_1991.jpg|400px]]
[[File:Aerial_photo_2006.jpg|400px]]
[[File:Aerial_photo_2011.jpg|400px]]
[[File:Laminar_erosion_map.jpg|400px]]
[[File:Wind_erosion_map.jpg|400px]]

=== Proposals for Climate Change Adaption ===
* How could your case study area become more resilient to climate change?
* Which measures would need to be taken to adapt to the new situation?
* How could you assure sustainability of these measures?
* Please describe 2-3 measures

=== Proposals for Climate Change Mitigation ===
* Which measures would need to be taken to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and other drivers of climate change within your case study area?
* How could you assure sustainability of these measures?
* Please describe 2-3 measures

=== Your scenario ===
*How will this area look like in 2060?
*Please forecast one potential future development taking climate change into account

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

=== What can be generalized from this case study? ===
*Are there any important theoretical insights?
*Which research questions does it generate?
*Short statement plus background notes

=== Presentation Slides ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:addnewimagename.jpg|Slide One
Image:addnewimagename.jpg|Slide Two
Image:addnewimagename.jpg|Slide Three
</gallery>

=== Image Gallery ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
</gallery>

=== References ===
Please add literature, documentations and weblinks

----
[[Category:Climate Change Case Study]]
About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

{{#widget:WidgetName|param1=value1|param2=value2}}

Group D - Collaborative Climate Adaption Project

2013-01-14T21:18:29Z

Cashfangcn: /* Analysis of vulnerability */

* Back to [[Working_Groups_Seminar_Climate_Change_2012|working group overview]]
* [[Group D - Concept Mapping of Seminar Topics]]
{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Area''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Aranjuez''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Spain''
|-
| '''Topic''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Effects of climate change and adaptation possibilities - case study from Aranjuez, Spain''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Eduardo Casado Fernández, Fang Yi, Daniela Staykova''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[File:Aranjuez.JPG|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=40.03219
|lng=-3.602671
|zoom=11
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

=== Rationale: Why have you selected this case study area? ===
*Aranjuez is a town and lying 48 km south of Madrid in the southern part of the autonomous community of the Community of Madrid.
As of 2009, it has a population of 54,055.
It is in the Wolrd Heritage List as Cultural Landscape.
Climate change is affecting the gardens which are one of the most important elements of the cultural landscape and is affecting the massive trees, mainly specimens of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platanus_%C3%97_acerifolia ''Platanus'' x ''hispanica''](more than 20-30 m high), and either urban planning is not being helpful either. There are also some other important problems, that should be addressed as soon as possible e.g. the nightmare of the access to the city and its collateral effects.

=== Authors' perspectives ===
* As landscape architecs we have an important role to play defining policies (i.e. urban ordinances) designing and applying strategies to improve urban design to preserve the core value of the Cultural Landscape of Aranjuez represented by the historical Gardens of Aranjuez linked to the Royal Palace. Also it is necessary to define policies for landscaping and integrating vegetation regarding other places of the city.

=== LANDSCAPE AND/OR URBAN CONTEST===

== Population In Aranjuez ==

[[File:Population In Aranjuez.jpg|200px|thumb|left|alt text]]

== Land Clasification in Aranjuez ==

[[File:Aranjuez Land Categories.jpg|200px|thumb|left|Land Categories in Aranjuez]]

== History ==
Aranjuez it was the name of an ancient pasture that was understanding, approximately, the lands located among the Tajo and the Sea of Ontígola, of north to south, and the Street of the King and the Bare of the Star, of this to west. In the term of the ancient pasture, were found the village of Aranz, about the gasket of the Tajo rivers and Jarama. From the times of Felipe II, the name of Aranjuez served to designate to the Place, thereinafter Royal Place and, from the reign of Fernando VI, name of the population that here was seated.

The Aranjuez area enjoyed a long history of human settlement before becoming a strategic stronghold during Roman times. Then its position at a river crossing and cross roads - a factor to be repeatedly influential - gave it a significance in the political geography of the time. It lay in a sparsely populated region thereafter and was eventually granted by the Crown to the military order of St James of Santiago in the medieval period. Towards the end of the 14th century, the knights built a palace in the middle of the woods, then replete with game.

Aranjuez became a Royal site in the 15th century, but it was Philip II in the 16th century who created the first period of splendour. He built a new palace and large ornamental and vegetable gardens laid out according to geometric principles, attempting to symbolize his world-wide imperial sovereignty based on a centralized state while at the same time celebrating a return to nature, its structure, and man's supremacy according to the canons of Humanism. It was also a private and personal retreat. Phillip meanwhile pursued botanical experimentation, acclimatizing plant species from all over the world, and introduced hydraulic engineering based on best practice in central Europe and Italy. During the 17th century Aranjuez prospered as the annual abode of royalty, a place of pageantry and hunting, and a source of inspiration for and patronage of some of the greatest Spanish poets of the Golden Age.

The continuing splendour of the 18th century culminated in the building of a new town close to the palace. During the reign of Charles III, the city and its surrounding area became an experimental ground for physiocratic, agricultural, scientific, and social ideas lying at the heart of the Enlightenment. The King sought to provide exemplars both for horticultural practice and in the design of model farms. Such cultural grandeur effectively died when, under external pressure from French Revolutionary ideas and Napoleon's ambitions, the Aranjuez Riot at the end of the century signalled the end of Spain's Ancien Régime.

After a brief revival which added a new element of modernism and eclecticism to the Royal Site during the first half of the 19th century, the end of the reign of Isabella II marked the close of the Crown's exclusive role in the history of this riverside complex and community. A City Council was established independent of Royal command (1836) and the Royal family's use of Aranjuez decreased. At the Revolution in 1868, all Crown property passed to the State and, although large parts of Aranjuez were initially excepted, all that was left in Royal hands by the early 1870s were fragments of their former estate. Meanwhile, the population increased and a railway line (1851) stimulated vigorous economic activity at the price of cutting the Palace's eastern vistas and bisecting the Picotajo garden. During the 20th century Aranjuez became a densely populated satellite city of Madrid, an industrial and cultural centre in which memory and maintenance of the Royal Site deteriorated. Nevertheless, the Site overall kept its integrity, and by the end of that century new assessments, policies, and programmes of works reflected new attitudes of respect for the Royal Site.
Source: UNESCO/CLT/WHC

*Biogeography, land use patterns, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics
* ratio of green/blue and sealed/built-up areas

Illustration:
Map; sketches; short descriptive analyses

=== Cultural/social/political context===

== Cultural Landscape Description ==

Justification for Inscription as Cultural Landscape (ICOMOS)

Criterion ii : Aranjuez represents the coming together of diverse cultural influences to create a cultural landscape that had a formative influence on further developments in this field.

Criterion iv : The complex designed cultural landscape of Aranjuez, derived from a variety of sources, mark a seminal stage in the development of landscape design.

The complex cultural landscape of Aranjuez, derived from a variety of sources, marks a seminal stage in the development of landscape design. It represents the coming together of diverse cultural influences to create a cultural landscape that had a formative influence on further developments in this field. Aranjuez has been witness to various cultural exchanges over a span of time, in a specific cultural area, that has had a tremendous influence in the development of its landmarks and the creation of its landscape.

Aranjuez represents a model for a given culture's use of its territory. However, the city has become increasingly vulnerable since the disappearance at the turn of the century of the Royal Court that had so much influence on its development. This area enjoyed a long history of human settlement before becoming a strategic stronghold during Roman times, with its position at a river crossing (the Tajo and the Jarama) and cross-roads, to the south of Madrid and to the north-west of Toledo. Towards the end of the 14th century, the knights built a palace in the middle of the woods, then replete with game. But it was Philip II in the 16th century who created the first period of splendour. He built a new palace and large ornamental and vegetable gardens laid out according to geometric principles and it was also a private and personal retreat. During the 17th century Aranjuez prospered as the annual abode of royalty, a place of pageantry and hunting, and a source of inspiration for the patronage of some of the greatest Spanish poets of the Golden Age.

The continuing splendour of the 18th century culminated in the building of a new town close to the palace. After a brief revival which added a new element of modernism and eclecticism to the royal site during the first half of the 19th century, the end of the reign of Isabella II marked the close of the Crown's exclusive role in the history of this riverside complex and community. At the Revolution in 1868, all Crown property passed to the State. By the early 1870s the population increased and a railway line (1851) stimulated vigorous economic activity at the price of cutting the palace's eastern vistas and bisecting the Picotajo garden. During the 20th century, Aranjuez became a densely populated satellite city of Madrid, an industrial and cultural centre. Nevertheless, the site overall kept its integrity. The whole area appears as a green oasis in a landscape otherwise of sierra type, dry, brown and fairly barren of vegetation as a result of climate, geomorphology, and over-exploitive land use.

The site incorporates a planned town, large gardens, vegetable gardens and orchards, lagoons, rivers and waterworks, woods, and moors. The main elements are the Palace and Island Garden, arranged around a plaza with, on the east, the King's Garden of irregular plan with fountains and, on the west, avenues and vistas eventually cut by the railway with, across a canal to the north, entirely within a sharp bend of the river beyond the Garden of the Statues and a fountain, the geometric Island Garden full of fountains and other structures; the Great Historic Garden consisting of a series of gardens which together comprise the bulk of the area; the urban area is subdivided into an industrial area west of the palace, incorporating the railway station and the gardens west of the palace, and the 18th-century town that is now the historic core of modern Aranjuez (the original town plan is intact); and the Prince's Garden, a late 18th- to early 19th-century garden that stretches along the south bank of the Tajo, north-east of the town. These elements are subsumed in a series of intermeshed landscapes, all combining conceptually to create a cultural landscape with rivers, dams, ditches, and fountains. The agricultural landscape is formed by vegetable gardens, orchards, nurseries and stock-breeding; the gardens form a delectable landscape. The geometry, starting with the grand alignments of Phillip II, also influenced parts of the hydraulic system, although clearly other factors were at play there; conversely, the hydrology fed the fountains and ponds, which were usually placed at particular points determined by geometry, albeit serving an aesthetic purpose.

The constructed landscape is formed by roads, architecture, and town. Both the natural and geometric bases of the site as a whole survive remarkably well, with relatively little loss and effectively (modern communication routes apart) no inappropriate intrusion. Major buildings as well as the city's layout and its gardens and tree-lined avenues have been preserved as the characteristic of an urban community among orchards and groves living on a ground plan.
Source: UNESCO/CLT/WHC

*Brief explanation of culture, political economy, legal framework

Illustration:
Bullet points, image, background notes

=== '''LOCAL CLIMATE''' ===

== Climatic Data Period 1933-1969 ==

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Temperature_Data_1933-1969_(37 years).jpg|Temperature_Data_1933-1969_(37 years)
Image:Temperature Parameters 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Temperature Parameters 1933-1969 (37 years)
Image:Seasonal Parameters 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Parameters 1933-1969 (37 years)
Image:Temperature Diagram 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Temperature Diagram 1933-1969 (37 years)
Image:Water Index Card 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Water Index Card 1933-1969 (37 years)
Image:Precipitation Parameters 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Precipitation Parameters 1933-1969 (37 years)
Image:Climatic Diagram 02 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Climatic Diagram 02 1933-1969 (37 years)
Image:Ombrotermic Diagram 02 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Ombrotermic Diagram 02 1933-1969 (37 years)
Image:Bioclimatic Index and Diagnosis 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Bioclimatic Index and Diagnosis 1933-1969 (37 years)
Image:Bioclimatic Indexes 01 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Bioclimatic Indexes 01 1933-1969 (37 years)
Image:Bioclimatic Indexes 02 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Bioclimatic Indexes 02 1933-1969 (37 years)
Image:Bioclimatic Parameters 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Bioclimatic Parameters 1933-1969 (37 years)
Image:Summary of Rivas Martinez Classification 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Summary of Rivas Martinez Classification 1933-1969 (37 years)
</gallery>

== '''Climatic Data Period 1971 -2000 (Getafe Weather Station)''' ==

== Getafe - Aranjuez Location ==

[[File:Aranjuez Getafe Location.jpg|400px]]

== Getafe Climatic Data ==

[[File:Climatic Data Getafe.jpg]]

== Aranjuez Average Climate Data up to 2009 ==
[[File:Average Local Data up to 2009.jpg]]

== Flood Ocurrence ==

[[File:Mapa riesgo inundabilidad.jpg|700px]]

*Which changes are expected? Is there any evidence?

Illustration: Table or time line

=== Analysis of vulnerability ===
[[File:East_Road_adjacent_to_Jardin_del_Principe_01.jpg|400px]]|East_Road_adjacent_to_Jardin_del_Principe
[[File:Glorieta_de_Santiago_Rusi%C3%B1ol_The_other_side_of_the_Tagus_river.jpg|400px]]|Glorieta de Santiago Rusiñol_The_other_side_of_the_Tagus_river

=== Proposals for Climate Change Adaption ===
* How could your case study area become more resilient to climate change?
* Which measures would need to be taken to adapt to the new situation?
* How could you assure sustainability of these measures?
* Please describe 2-3 measures

=== Proposals for Climate Change Mitigation ===
* Which measures would need to be taken to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and other drivers of climate change within your case study area?
* How could you assure sustainability of these measures?
* Please describe 2-3 measures

=== Your scenario ===
*How will this area look like in 2060?
*Please forecast one potential future development taking climate change into account

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

=== What can be generalized from this case study? ===
*Are there any important theoretical insights?
*Which research questions does it generate?
*Short statement plus background notes

=== Presentation Slides ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:addnewimagename.jpg|Slide One
Image:addnewimagename.jpg|Slide Two
Image:addnewimagename.jpg|Slide Three
</gallery>

=== Image Gallery ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
</gallery>

=== References ===
Please add literature, documentations and weblinks

----
[[Category:Climate Change Case Study]]
About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

{{#widget:WidgetName|param1=value1|param2=value2}}

Group D - Collaborative Climate Adaption Project

2013-01-14T21:16:54Z

Cashfangcn: /* Analysis of vulnerability */

* Back to [[Working_Groups_Seminar_Climate_Change_2012|working group overview]]
* [[Group D - Concept Mapping of Seminar Topics]]
{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Area''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Aranjuez''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Spain''
|-
| '''Topic''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Effects of climate change and adaptation possibilities - case study from Aranjuez, Spain''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Eduardo Casado Fernández, Fang Yi, Daniela Staykova''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[File:Aranjuez.JPG|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=40.03219
|lng=-3.602671
|zoom=11
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

=== Rationale: Why have you selected this case study area? ===
*Aranjuez is a town and lying 48 km south of Madrid in the southern part of the autonomous community of the Community of Madrid.
As of 2009, it has a population of 54,055.
It is in the Wolrd Heritage List as Cultural Landscape.
Climate change is affecting the gardens which are one of the most important elements of the cultural landscape and is affecting the massive trees, mainly specimens of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platanus_%C3%97_acerifolia ''Platanus'' x ''hispanica''](more than 20-30 m high), and either urban planning is not being helpful either. There are also some other important problems, that should be addressed as soon as possible e.g. the nightmare of the access to the city and its collateral effects.

=== Authors' perspectives ===
* As landscape architecs we have an important role to play defining policies (i.e. urban ordinances) designing and applying strategies to improve urban design to preserve the core value of the Cultural Landscape of Aranjuez represented by the historical Gardens of Aranjuez linked to the Royal Palace. Also it is necessary to define policies for landscaping and integrating vegetation regarding other places of the city.

=== LANDSCAPE AND/OR URBAN CONTEST===

== Population In Aranjuez ==

[[File:Population In Aranjuez.jpg|200px|thumb|left|alt text]]

== Land Clasification in Aranjuez ==

[[File:Aranjuez Land Categories.jpg|200px|thumb|left|Land Categories in Aranjuez]]

== History ==
Aranjuez it was the name of an ancient pasture that was understanding, approximately, the lands located among the Tajo and the Sea of Ontígola, of north to south, and the Street of the King and the Bare of the Star, of this to west. In the term of the ancient pasture, were found the village of Aranz, about the gasket of the Tajo rivers and Jarama. From the times of Felipe II, the name of Aranjuez served to designate to the Place, thereinafter Royal Place and, from the reign of Fernando VI, name of the population that here was seated.

The Aranjuez area enjoyed a long history of human settlement before becoming a strategic stronghold during Roman times. Then its position at a river crossing and cross roads - a factor to be repeatedly influential - gave it a significance in the political geography of the time. It lay in a sparsely populated region thereafter and was eventually granted by the Crown to the military order of St James of Santiago in the medieval period. Towards the end of the 14th century, the knights built a palace in the middle of the woods, then replete with game.

Aranjuez became a Royal site in the 15th century, but it was Philip II in the 16th century who created the first period of splendour. He built a new palace and large ornamental and vegetable gardens laid out according to geometric principles, attempting to symbolize his world-wide imperial sovereignty based on a centralized state while at the same time celebrating a return to nature, its structure, and man's supremacy according to the canons of Humanism. It was also a private and personal retreat. Phillip meanwhile pursued botanical experimentation, acclimatizing plant species from all over the world, and introduced hydraulic engineering based on best practice in central Europe and Italy. During the 17th century Aranjuez prospered as the annual abode of royalty, a place of pageantry and hunting, and a source of inspiration for and patronage of some of the greatest Spanish poets of the Golden Age.

The continuing splendour of the 18th century culminated in the building of a new town close to the palace. During the reign of Charles III, the city and its surrounding area became an experimental ground for physiocratic, agricultural, scientific, and social ideas lying at the heart of the Enlightenment. The King sought to provide exemplars both for horticultural practice and in the design of model farms. Such cultural grandeur effectively died when, under external pressure from French Revolutionary ideas and Napoleon's ambitions, the Aranjuez Riot at the end of the century signalled the end of Spain's Ancien Régime.

After a brief revival which added a new element of modernism and eclecticism to the Royal Site during the first half of the 19th century, the end of the reign of Isabella II marked the close of the Crown's exclusive role in the history of this riverside complex and community. A City Council was established independent of Royal command (1836) and the Royal family's use of Aranjuez decreased. At the Revolution in 1868, all Crown property passed to the State and, although large parts of Aranjuez were initially excepted, all that was left in Royal hands by the early 1870s were fragments of their former estate. Meanwhile, the population increased and a railway line (1851) stimulated vigorous economic activity at the price of cutting the Palace's eastern vistas and bisecting the Picotajo garden. During the 20th century Aranjuez became a densely populated satellite city of Madrid, an industrial and cultural centre in which memory and maintenance of the Royal Site deteriorated. Nevertheless, the Site overall kept its integrity, and by the end of that century new assessments, policies, and programmes of works reflected new attitudes of respect for the Royal Site.
Source: UNESCO/CLT/WHC

*Biogeography, land use patterns, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics
* ratio of green/blue and sealed/built-up areas

Illustration:
Map; sketches; short descriptive analyses

=== Cultural/social/political context===

== Cultural Landscape Description ==

Justification for Inscription as Cultural Landscape (ICOMOS)

Criterion ii : Aranjuez represents the coming together of diverse cultural influences to create a cultural landscape that had a formative influence on further developments in this field.

Criterion iv : The complex designed cultural landscape of Aranjuez, derived from a variety of sources, mark a seminal stage in the development of landscape design.

The complex cultural landscape of Aranjuez, derived from a variety of sources, marks a seminal stage in the development of landscape design. It represents the coming together of diverse cultural influences to create a cultural landscape that had a formative influence on further developments in this field. Aranjuez has been witness to various cultural exchanges over a span of time, in a specific cultural area, that has had a tremendous influence in the development of its landmarks and the creation of its landscape.

Aranjuez represents a model for a given culture's use of its territory. However, the city has become increasingly vulnerable since the disappearance at the turn of the century of the Royal Court that had so much influence on its development. This area enjoyed a long history of human settlement before becoming a strategic stronghold during Roman times, with its position at a river crossing (the Tajo and the Jarama) and cross-roads, to the south of Madrid and to the north-west of Toledo. Towards the end of the 14th century, the knights built a palace in the middle of the woods, then replete with game. But it was Philip II in the 16th century who created the first period of splendour. He built a new palace and large ornamental and vegetable gardens laid out according to geometric principles and it was also a private and personal retreat. During the 17th century Aranjuez prospered as the annual abode of royalty, a place of pageantry and hunting, and a source of inspiration for the patronage of some of the greatest Spanish poets of the Golden Age.

The continuing splendour of the 18th century culminated in the building of a new town close to the palace. After a brief revival which added a new element of modernism and eclecticism to the royal site during the first half of the 19th century, the end of the reign of Isabella II marked the close of the Crown's exclusive role in the history of this riverside complex and community. At the Revolution in 1868, all Crown property passed to the State. By the early 1870s the population increased and a railway line (1851) stimulated vigorous economic activity at the price of cutting the palace's eastern vistas and bisecting the Picotajo garden. During the 20th century, Aranjuez became a densely populated satellite city of Madrid, an industrial and cultural centre. Nevertheless, the site overall kept its integrity. The whole area appears as a green oasis in a landscape otherwise of sierra type, dry, brown and fairly barren of vegetation as a result of climate, geomorphology, and over-exploitive land use.

The site incorporates a planned town, large gardens, vegetable gardens and orchards, lagoons, rivers and waterworks, woods, and moors. The main elements are the Palace and Island Garden, arranged around a plaza with, on the east, the King's Garden of irregular plan with fountains and, on the west, avenues and vistas eventually cut by the railway with, across a canal to the north, entirely within a sharp bend of the river beyond the Garden of the Statues and a fountain, the geometric Island Garden full of fountains and other structures; the Great Historic Garden consisting of a series of gardens which together comprise the bulk of the area; the urban area is subdivided into an industrial area west of the palace, incorporating the railway station and the gardens west of the palace, and the 18th-century town that is now the historic core of modern Aranjuez (the original town plan is intact); and the Prince's Garden, a late 18th- to early 19th-century garden that stretches along the south bank of the Tajo, north-east of the town. These elements are subsumed in a series of intermeshed landscapes, all combining conceptually to create a cultural landscape with rivers, dams, ditches, and fountains. The agricultural landscape is formed by vegetable gardens, orchards, nurseries and stock-breeding; the gardens form a delectable landscape. The geometry, starting with the grand alignments of Phillip II, also influenced parts of the hydraulic system, although clearly other factors were at play there; conversely, the hydrology fed the fountains and ponds, which were usually placed at particular points determined by geometry, albeit serving an aesthetic purpose.

The constructed landscape is formed by roads, architecture, and town. Both the natural and geometric bases of the site as a whole survive remarkably well, with relatively little loss and effectively (modern communication routes apart) no inappropriate intrusion. Major buildings as well as the city's layout and its gardens and tree-lined avenues have been preserved as the characteristic of an urban community among orchards and groves living on a ground plan.
Source: UNESCO/CLT/WHC

*Brief explanation of culture, political economy, legal framework

Illustration:
Bullet points, image, background notes

=== '''LOCAL CLIMATE''' ===

== Climatic Data Period 1933-1969 ==

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Temperature_Data_1933-1969_(37 years).jpg|Temperature_Data_1933-1969_(37 years)
Image:Temperature Parameters 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Temperature Parameters 1933-1969 (37 years)
Image:Seasonal Parameters 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Parameters 1933-1969 (37 years)
Image:Temperature Diagram 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Temperature Diagram 1933-1969 (37 years)
Image:Water Index Card 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Water Index Card 1933-1969 (37 years)
Image:Precipitation Parameters 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Precipitation Parameters 1933-1969 (37 years)
Image:Climatic Diagram 02 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Climatic Diagram 02 1933-1969 (37 years)
Image:Ombrotermic Diagram 02 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Ombrotermic Diagram 02 1933-1969 (37 years)
Image:Bioclimatic Index and Diagnosis 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Bioclimatic Index and Diagnosis 1933-1969 (37 years)
Image:Bioclimatic Indexes 01 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Bioclimatic Indexes 01 1933-1969 (37 years)
Image:Bioclimatic Indexes 02 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Bioclimatic Indexes 02 1933-1969 (37 years)
Image:Bioclimatic Parameters 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Bioclimatic Parameters 1933-1969 (37 years)
Image:Summary of Rivas Martinez Classification 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Summary of Rivas Martinez Classification 1933-1969 (37 years)
</gallery>

== '''Climatic Data Period 1971 -2000 (Getafe Weather Station)''' ==

== Getafe - Aranjuez Location ==

[[File:Aranjuez Getafe Location.jpg|400px]]

== Getafe Climatic Data ==

[[File:Climatic Data Getafe.jpg]]

== Aranjuez Average Climate Data up to 2009 ==
[[File:Average Local Data up to 2009.jpg]]

== Flood Ocurrence ==

[[File:Mapa riesgo inundabilidad.jpg|700px]]

*Which changes are expected? Is there any evidence?

Illustration: Table or time line

=== Analysis of vulnerability ===
[[File:East_Road_adjacent_to_Jardin_del_Principe_01.jpg|400px]]
East_Road_adjacent_to_Jardin_del_Principe
[[File:Glorieta_de_Santiago_Rusi%C3%B1ol_The_other_side_of_the_Tagus_river.jpg|400px]]
Glorieta de Santiago Rusiñol_The_other_side_of_the_Tagus_river

=== Proposals for Climate Change Adaption ===
* How could your case study area become more resilient to climate change?
* Which measures would need to be taken to adapt to the new situation?
* How could you assure sustainability of these measures?
* Please describe 2-3 measures

=== Proposals for Climate Change Mitigation ===
* Which measures would need to be taken to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and other drivers of climate change within your case study area?
* How could you assure sustainability of these measures?
* Please describe 2-3 measures

=== Your scenario ===
*How will this area look like in 2060?
*Please forecast one potential future development taking climate change into account

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

=== What can be generalized from this case study? ===
*Are there any important theoretical insights?
*Which research questions does it generate?
*Short statement plus background notes

=== Presentation Slides ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:addnewimagename.jpg|Slide One
Image:addnewimagename.jpg|Slide Two
Image:addnewimagename.jpg|Slide Three
</gallery>

=== Image Gallery ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
</gallery>

=== References ===
Please add literature, documentations and weblinks

----
[[Category:Climate Change Case Study]]
About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

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Group D - Collaborative Climate Adaption Project

2013-01-14T21:16:25Z

Cashfangcn: /* Analysis of vulnerability */

* Back to [[Working_Groups_Seminar_Climate_Change_2012|working group overview]]
* [[Group D - Concept Mapping of Seminar Topics]]
{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Area''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Aranjuez''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Spain''
|-
| '''Topic''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Effects of climate change and adaptation possibilities - case study from Aranjuez, Spain''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Eduardo Casado Fernández, Fang Yi, Daniela Staykova''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[File:Aranjuez.JPG|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=40.03219
|lng=-3.602671
|zoom=11
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

=== Rationale: Why have you selected this case study area? ===
*Aranjuez is a town and lying 48 km south of Madrid in the southern part of the autonomous community of the Community of Madrid.
As of 2009, it has a population of 54,055.
It is in the Wolrd Heritage List as Cultural Landscape.
Climate change is affecting the gardens which are one of the most important elements of the cultural landscape and is affecting the massive trees, mainly specimens of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platanus_%C3%97_acerifolia ''Platanus'' x ''hispanica''](more than 20-30 m high), and either urban planning is not being helpful either. There are also some other important problems, that should be addressed as soon as possible e.g. the nightmare of the access to the city and its collateral effects.

=== Authors' perspectives ===
* As landscape architecs we have an important role to play defining policies (i.e. urban ordinances) designing and applying strategies to improve urban design to preserve the core value of the Cultural Landscape of Aranjuez represented by the historical Gardens of Aranjuez linked to the Royal Palace. Also it is necessary to define policies for landscaping and integrating vegetation regarding other places of the city.

=== LANDSCAPE AND/OR URBAN CONTEST===

== Population In Aranjuez ==

[[File:Population In Aranjuez.jpg|200px|thumb|left|alt text]]

== Land Clasification in Aranjuez ==

[[File:Aranjuez Land Categories.jpg|200px|thumb|left|Land Categories in Aranjuez]]

== History ==
Aranjuez it was the name of an ancient pasture that was understanding, approximately, the lands located among the Tajo and the Sea of Ontígola, of north to south, and the Street of the King and the Bare of the Star, of this to west. In the term of the ancient pasture, were found the village of Aranz, about the gasket of the Tajo rivers and Jarama. From the times of Felipe II, the name of Aranjuez served to designate to the Place, thereinafter Royal Place and, from the reign of Fernando VI, name of the population that here was seated.

The Aranjuez area enjoyed a long history of human settlement before becoming a strategic stronghold during Roman times. Then its position at a river crossing and cross roads - a factor to be repeatedly influential - gave it a significance in the political geography of the time. It lay in a sparsely populated region thereafter and was eventually granted by the Crown to the military order of St James of Santiago in the medieval period. Towards the end of the 14th century, the knights built a palace in the middle of the woods, then replete with game.

Aranjuez became a Royal site in the 15th century, but it was Philip II in the 16th century who created the first period of splendour. He built a new palace and large ornamental and vegetable gardens laid out according to geometric principles, attempting to symbolize his world-wide imperial sovereignty based on a centralized state while at the same time celebrating a return to nature, its structure, and man's supremacy according to the canons of Humanism. It was also a private and personal retreat. Phillip meanwhile pursued botanical experimentation, acclimatizing plant species from all over the world, and introduced hydraulic engineering based on best practice in central Europe and Italy. During the 17th century Aranjuez prospered as the annual abode of royalty, a place of pageantry and hunting, and a source of inspiration for and patronage of some of the greatest Spanish poets of the Golden Age.

The continuing splendour of the 18th century culminated in the building of a new town close to the palace. During the reign of Charles III, the city and its surrounding area became an experimental ground for physiocratic, agricultural, scientific, and social ideas lying at the heart of the Enlightenment. The King sought to provide exemplars both for horticultural practice and in the design of model farms. Such cultural grandeur effectively died when, under external pressure from French Revolutionary ideas and Napoleon's ambitions, the Aranjuez Riot at the end of the century signalled the end of Spain's Ancien Régime.

After a brief revival which added a new element of modernism and eclecticism to the Royal Site during the first half of the 19th century, the end of the reign of Isabella II marked the close of the Crown's exclusive role in the history of this riverside complex and community. A City Council was established independent of Royal command (1836) and the Royal family's use of Aranjuez decreased. At the Revolution in 1868, all Crown property passed to the State and, although large parts of Aranjuez were initially excepted, all that was left in Royal hands by the early 1870s were fragments of their former estate. Meanwhile, the population increased and a railway line (1851) stimulated vigorous economic activity at the price of cutting the Palace's eastern vistas and bisecting the Picotajo garden. During the 20th century Aranjuez became a densely populated satellite city of Madrid, an industrial and cultural centre in which memory and maintenance of the Royal Site deteriorated. Nevertheless, the Site overall kept its integrity, and by the end of that century new assessments, policies, and programmes of works reflected new attitudes of respect for the Royal Site.
Source: UNESCO/CLT/WHC

*Biogeography, land use patterns, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics
* ratio of green/blue and sealed/built-up areas

Illustration:
Map; sketches; short descriptive analyses

=== Cultural/social/political context===

== Cultural Landscape Description ==

Justification for Inscription as Cultural Landscape (ICOMOS)

Criterion ii : Aranjuez represents the coming together of diverse cultural influences to create a cultural landscape that had a formative influence on further developments in this field.

Criterion iv : The complex designed cultural landscape of Aranjuez, derived from a variety of sources, mark a seminal stage in the development of landscape design.

The complex cultural landscape of Aranjuez, derived from a variety of sources, marks a seminal stage in the development of landscape design. It represents the coming together of diverse cultural influences to create a cultural landscape that had a formative influence on further developments in this field. Aranjuez has been witness to various cultural exchanges over a span of time, in a specific cultural area, that has had a tremendous influence in the development of its landmarks and the creation of its landscape.

Aranjuez represents a model for a given culture's use of its territory. However, the city has become increasingly vulnerable since the disappearance at the turn of the century of the Royal Court that had so much influence on its development. This area enjoyed a long history of human settlement before becoming a strategic stronghold during Roman times, with its position at a river crossing (the Tajo and the Jarama) and cross-roads, to the south of Madrid and to the north-west of Toledo. Towards the end of the 14th century, the knights built a palace in the middle of the woods, then replete with game. But it was Philip II in the 16th century who created the first period of splendour. He built a new palace and large ornamental and vegetable gardens laid out according to geometric principles and it was also a private and personal retreat. During the 17th century Aranjuez prospered as the annual abode of royalty, a place of pageantry and hunting, and a source of inspiration for the patronage of some of the greatest Spanish poets of the Golden Age.

The continuing splendour of the 18th century culminated in the building of a new town close to the palace. After a brief revival which added a new element of modernism and eclecticism to the royal site during the first half of the 19th century, the end of the reign of Isabella II marked the close of the Crown's exclusive role in the history of this riverside complex and community. At the Revolution in 1868, all Crown property passed to the State. By the early 1870s the population increased and a railway line (1851) stimulated vigorous economic activity at the price of cutting the palace's eastern vistas and bisecting the Picotajo garden. During the 20th century, Aranjuez became a densely populated satellite city of Madrid, an industrial and cultural centre. Nevertheless, the site overall kept its integrity. The whole area appears as a green oasis in a landscape otherwise of sierra type, dry, brown and fairly barren of vegetation as a result of climate, geomorphology, and over-exploitive land use.

The site incorporates a planned town, large gardens, vegetable gardens and orchards, lagoons, rivers and waterworks, woods, and moors. The main elements are the Palace and Island Garden, arranged around a plaza with, on the east, the King's Garden of irregular plan with fountains and, on the west, avenues and vistas eventually cut by the railway with, across a canal to the north, entirely within a sharp bend of the river beyond the Garden of the Statues and a fountain, the geometric Island Garden full of fountains and other structures; the Great Historic Garden consisting of a series of gardens which together comprise the bulk of the area; the urban area is subdivided into an industrial area west of the palace, incorporating the railway station and the gardens west of the palace, and the 18th-century town that is now the historic core of modern Aranjuez (the original town plan is intact); and the Prince's Garden, a late 18th- to early 19th-century garden that stretches along the south bank of the Tajo, north-east of the town. These elements are subsumed in a series of intermeshed landscapes, all combining conceptually to create a cultural landscape with rivers, dams, ditches, and fountains. The agricultural landscape is formed by vegetable gardens, orchards, nurseries and stock-breeding; the gardens form a delectable landscape. The geometry, starting with the grand alignments of Phillip II, also influenced parts of the hydraulic system, although clearly other factors were at play there; conversely, the hydrology fed the fountains and ponds, which were usually placed at particular points determined by geometry, albeit serving an aesthetic purpose.

The constructed landscape is formed by roads, architecture, and town. Both the natural and geometric bases of the site as a whole survive remarkably well, with relatively little loss and effectively (modern communication routes apart) no inappropriate intrusion. Major buildings as well as the city's layout and its gardens and tree-lined avenues have been preserved as the characteristic of an urban community among orchards and groves living on a ground plan.
Source: UNESCO/CLT/WHC

*Brief explanation of culture, political economy, legal framework

Illustration:
Bullet points, image, background notes

=== '''LOCAL CLIMATE''' ===

== Climatic Data Period 1933-1969 ==

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Temperature_Data_1933-1969_(37 years).jpg|Temperature_Data_1933-1969_(37 years)
Image:Temperature Parameters 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Temperature Parameters 1933-1969 (37 years)
Image:Seasonal Parameters 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Parameters 1933-1969 (37 years)
Image:Temperature Diagram 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Temperature Diagram 1933-1969 (37 years)
Image:Water Index Card 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Water Index Card 1933-1969 (37 years)
Image:Precipitation Parameters 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Precipitation Parameters 1933-1969 (37 years)
Image:Climatic Diagram 02 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Climatic Diagram 02 1933-1969 (37 years)
Image:Ombrotermic Diagram 02 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Ombrotermic Diagram 02 1933-1969 (37 years)
Image:Bioclimatic Index and Diagnosis 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Bioclimatic Index and Diagnosis 1933-1969 (37 years)
Image:Bioclimatic Indexes 01 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Bioclimatic Indexes 01 1933-1969 (37 years)
Image:Bioclimatic Indexes 02 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Bioclimatic Indexes 02 1933-1969 (37 years)
Image:Bioclimatic Parameters 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Bioclimatic Parameters 1933-1969 (37 years)
Image:Summary of Rivas Martinez Classification 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Summary of Rivas Martinez Classification 1933-1969 (37 years)
</gallery>

== '''Climatic Data Period 1971 -2000 (Getafe Weather Station)''' ==

== Getafe - Aranjuez Location ==

[[File:Aranjuez Getafe Location.jpg|400px]]

== Getafe Climatic Data ==

[[File:Climatic Data Getafe.jpg]]

== Aranjuez Average Climate Data up to 2009 ==
[[File:Average Local Data up to 2009.jpg]]

== Flood Ocurrence ==

[[File:Mapa riesgo inundabilidad.jpg|700px]]

*Which changes are expected? Is there any evidence?

Illustration: Table or time line

=== Analysis of vulnerability ===
[[File:East_Road_adjacent_to_Jardin_del_Principe_01.jpg|400px]]
East_Road_adjacent_to_Jardin_del_Principe
Glorieta_de_Santiago_Rusi%C3%B1ol_The_other_side_of_the_Tagus_river.jpg
Glorieta de Santiago Rusiñol_The_other_side_of_the_Tagus_river

=== Proposals for Climate Change Adaption ===
* How could your case study area become more resilient to climate change?
* Which measures would need to be taken to adapt to the new situation?
* How could you assure sustainability of these measures?
* Please describe 2-3 measures

=== Proposals for Climate Change Mitigation ===
* Which measures would need to be taken to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and other drivers of climate change within your case study area?
* How could you assure sustainability of these measures?
* Please describe 2-3 measures

=== Your scenario ===
*How will this area look like in 2060?
*Please forecast one potential future development taking climate change into account

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

=== What can be generalized from this case study? ===
*Are there any important theoretical insights?
*Which research questions does it generate?
*Short statement plus background notes

=== Presentation Slides ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:addnewimagename.jpg|Slide One
Image:addnewimagename.jpg|Slide Two
Image:addnewimagename.jpg|Slide Three
</gallery>

=== Image Gallery ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
</gallery>

=== References ===
Please add literature, documentations and weblinks

----
[[Category:Climate Change Case Study]]
About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

{{#widget:WidgetName|param1=value1|param2=value2}}

Group D - Collaborative Climate Adaption Project

2013-01-14T21:15:30Z

Cashfangcn: /* Analysis of vulnerability */

* Back to [[Working_Groups_Seminar_Climate_Change_2012|working group overview]]
* [[Group D - Concept Mapping of Seminar Topics]]
{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Area''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Aranjuez''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Spain''
|-
| '''Topic''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Effects of climate change and adaptation possibilities - case study from Aranjuez, Spain''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Eduardo Casado Fernández, Fang Yi, Daniela Staykova''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[File:Aranjuez.JPG|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=40.03219
|lng=-3.602671
|zoom=11
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

=== Rationale: Why have you selected this case study area? ===
*Aranjuez is a town and lying 48 km south of Madrid in the southern part of the autonomous community of the Community of Madrid.
As of 2009, it has a population of 54,055.
It is in the Wolrd Heritage List as Cultural Landscape.
Climate change is affecting the gardens which are one of the most important elements of the cultural landscape and is affecting the massive trees, mainly specimens of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platanus_%C3%97_acerifolia ''Platanus'' x ''hispanica''](more than 20-30 m high), and either urban planning is not being helpful either. There are also some other important problems, that should be addressed as soon as possible e.g. the nightmare of the access to the city and its collateral effects.

=== Authors' perspectives ===
* As landscape architecs we have an important role to play defining policies (i.e. urban ordinances) designing and applying strategies to improve urban design to preserve the core value of the Cultural Landscape of Aranjuez represented by the historical Gardens of Aranjuez linked to the Royal Palace. Also it is necessary to define policies for landscaping and integrating vegetation regarding other places of the city.

=== LANDSCAPE AND/OR URBAN CONTEST===

== Population In Aranjuez ==

[[File:Population In Aranjuez.jpg|200px|thumb|left|alt text]]

== Land Clasification in Aranjuez ==

[[File:Aranjuez Land Categories.jpg|200px|thumb|left|Land Categories in Aranjuez]]

== History ==
Aranjuez it was the name of an ancient pasture that was understanding, approximately, the lands located among the Tajo and the Sea of Ontígola, of north to south, and the Street of the King and the Bare of the Star, of this to west. In the term of the ancient pasture, were found the village of Aranz, about the gasket of the Tajo rivers and Jarama. From the times of Felipe II, the name of Aranjuez served to designate to the Place, thereinafter Royal Place and, from the reign of Fernando VI, name of the population that here was seated.

The Aranjuez area enjoyed a long history of human settlement before becoming a strategic stronghold during Roman times. Then its position at a river crossing and cross roads - a factor to be repeatedly influential - gave it a significance in the political geography of the time. It lay in a sparsely populated region thereafter and was eventually granted by the Crown to the military order of St James of Santiago in the medieval period. Towards the end of the 14th century, the knights built a palace in the middle of the woods, then replete with game.

Aranjuez became a Royal site in the 15th century, but it was Philip II in the 16th century who created the first period of splendour. He built a new palace and large ornamental and vegetable gardens laid out according to geometric principles, attempting to symbolize his world-wide imperial sovereignty based on a centralized state while at the same time celebrating a return to nature, its structure, and man's supremacy according to the canons of Humanism. It was also a private and personal retreat. Phillip meanwhile pursued botanical experimentation, acclimatizing plant species from all over the world, and introduced hydraulic engineering based on best practice in central Europe and Italy. During the 17th century Aranjuez prospered as the annual abode of royalty, a place of pageantry and hunting, and a source of inspiration for and patronage of some of the greatest Spanish poets of the Golden Age.

The continuing splendour of the 18th century culminated in the building of a new town close to the palace. During the reign of Charles III, the city and its surrounding area became an experimental ground for physiocratic, agricultural, scientific, and social ideas lying at the heart of the Enlightenment. The King sought to provide exemplars both for horticultural practice and in the design of model farms. Such cultural grandeur effectively died when, under external pressure from French Revolutionary ideas and Napoleon's ambitions, the Aranjuez Riot at the end of the century signalled the end of Spain's Ancien Régime.

After a brief revival which added a new element of modernism and eclecticism to the Royal Site during the first half of the 19th century, the end of the reign of Isabella II marked the close of the Crown's exclusive role in the history of this riverside complex and community. A City Council was established independent of Royal command (1836) and the Royal family's use of Aranjuez decreased. At the Revolution in 1868, all Crown property passed to the State and, although large parts of Aranjuez were initially excepted, all that was left in Royal hands by the early 1870s were fragments of their former estate. Meanwhile, the population increased and a railway line (1851) stimulated vigorous economic activity at the price of cutting the Palace's eastern vistas and bisecting the Picotajo garden. During the 20th century Aranjuez became a densely populated satellite city of Madrid, an industrial and cultural centre in which memory and maintenance of the Royal Site deteriorated. Nevertheless, the Site overall kept its integrity, and by the end of that century new assessments, policies, and programmes of works reflected new attitudes of respect for the Royal Site.
Source: UNESCO/CLT/WHC

*Biogeography, land use patterns, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics
* ratio of green/blue and sealed/built-up areas

Illustration:
Map; sketches; short descriptive analyses

=== Cultural/social/political context===

== Cultural Landscape Description ==

Justification for Inscription as Cultural Landscape (ICOMOS)

Criterion ii : Aranjuez represents the coming together of diverse cultural influences to create a cultural landscape that had a formative influence on further developments in this field.

Criterion iv : The complex designed cultural landscape of Aranjuez, derived from a variety of sources, mark a seminal stage in the development of landscape design.

The complex cultural landscape of Aranjuez, derived from a variety of sources, marks a seminal stage in the development of landscape design. It represents the coming together of diverse cultural influences to create a cultural landscape that had a formative influence on further developments in this field. Aranjuez has been witness to various cultural exchanges over a span of time, in a specific cultural area, that has had a tremendous influence in the development of its landmarks and the creation of its landscape.

Aranjuez represents a model for a given culture's use of its territory. However, the city has become increasingly vulnerable since the disappearance at the turn of the century of the Royal Court that had so much influence on its development. This area enjoyed a long history of human settlement before becoming a strategic stronghold during Roman times, with its position at a river crossing (the Tajo and the Jarama) and cross-roads, to the south of Madrid and to the north-west of Toledo. Towards the end of the 14th century, the knights built a palace in the middle of the woods, then replete with game. But it was Philip II in the 16th century who created the first period of splendour. He built a new palace and large ornamental and vegetable gardens laid out according to geometric principles and it was also a private and personal retreat. During the 17th century Aranjuez prospered as the annual abode of royalty, a place of pageantry and hunting, and a source of inspiration for the patronage of some of the greatest Spanish poets of the Golden Age.

The continuing splendour of the 18th century culminated in the building of a new town close to the palace. After a brief revival which added a new element of modernism and eclecticism to the royal site during the first half of the 19th century, the end of the reign of Isabella II marked the close of the Crown's exclusive role in the history of this riverside complex and community. At the Revolution in 1868, all Crown property passed to the State. By the early 1870s the population increased and a railway line (1851) stimulated vigorous economic activity at the price of cutting the palace's eastern vistas and bisecting the Picotajo garden. During the 20th century, Aranjuez became a densely populated satellite city of Madrid, an industrial and cultural centre. Nevertheless, the site overall kept its integrity. The whole area appears as a green oasis in a landscape otherwise of sierra type, dry, brown and fairly barren of vegetation as a result of climate, geomorphology, and over-exploitive land use.

The site incorporates a planned town, large gardens, vegetable gardens and orchards, lagoons, rivers and waterworks, woods, and moors. The main elements are the Palace and Island Garden, arranged around a plaza with, on the east, the King's Garden of irregular plan with fountains and, on the west, avenues and vistas eventually cut by the railway with, across a canal to the north, entirely within a sharp bend of the river beyond the Garden of the Statues and a fountain, the geometric Island Garden full of fountains and other structures; the Great Historic Garden consisting of a series of gardens which together comprise the bulk of the area; the urban area is subdivided into an industrial area west of the palace, incorporating the railway station and the gardens west of the palace, and the 18th-century town that is now the historic core of modern Aranjuez (the original town plan is intact); and the Prince's Garden, a late 18th- to early 19th-century garden that stretches along the south bank of the Tajo, north-east of the town. These elements are subsumed in a series of intermeshed landscapes, all combining conceptually to create a cultural landscape with rivers, dams, ditches, and fountains. The agricultural landscape is formed by vegetable gardens, orchards, nurseries and stock-breeding; the gardens form a delectable landscape. The geometry, starting with the grand alignments of Phillip II, also influenced parts of the hydraulic system, although clearly other factors were at play there; conversely, the hydrology fed the fountains and ponds, which were usually placed at particular points determined by geometry, albeit serving an aesthetic purpose.

The constructed landscape is formed by roads, architecture, and town. Both the natural and geometric bases of the site as a whole survive remarkably well, with relatively little loss and effectively (modern communication routes apart) no inappropriate intrusion. Major buildings as well as the city's layout and its gardens and tree-lined avenues have been preserved as the characteristic of an urban community among orchards and groves living on a ground plan.
Source: UNESCO/CLT/WHC

*Brief explanation of culture, political economy, legal framework

Illustration:
Bullet points, image, background notes

=== '''LOCAL CLIMATE''' ===

== Climatic Data Period 1933-1969 ==

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Temperature_Data_1933-1969_(37 years).jpg|Temperature_Data_1933-1969_(37 years)
Image:Temperature Parameters 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Temperature Parameters 1933-1969 (37 years)
Image:Seasonal Parameters 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Parameters 1933-1969 (37 years)
Image:Temperature Diagram 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Temperature Diagram 1933-1969 (37 years)
Image:Water Index Card 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Water Index Card 1933-1969 (37 years)
Image:Precipitation Parameters 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Precipitation Parameters 1933-1969 (37 years)
Image:Climatic Diagram 02 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Climatic Diagram 02 1933-1969 (37 years)
Image:Ombrotermic Diagram 02 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Ombrotermic Diagram 02 1933-1969 (37 years)
Image:Bioclimatic Index and Diagnosis 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Bioclimatic Index and Diagnosis 1933-1969 (37 years)
Image:Bioclimatic Indexes 01 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Bioclimatic Indexes 01 1933-1969 (37 years)
Image:Bioclimatic Indexes 02 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Bioclimatic Indexes 02 1933-1969 (37 years)
Image:Bioclimatic Parameters 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Bioclimatic Parameters 1933-1969 (37 years)
Image:Summary of Rivas Martinez Classification 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Summary of Rivas Martinez Classification 1933-1969 (37 years)
</gallery>

== '''Climatic Data Period 1971 -2000 (Getafe Weather Station)''' ==

== Getafe - Aranjuez Location ==

[[File:Aranjuez Getafe Location.jpg|400px]]

== Getafe Climatic Data ==

[[File:Climatic Data Getafe.jpg]]

== Aranjuez Average Climate Data up to 2009 ==
[[File:Average Local Data up to 2009.jpg]]

== Flood Ocurrence ==

[[File:Mapa riesgo inundabilidad.jpg|700px]]

*Which changes are expected? Is there any evidence?

Illustration: Table or time line

=== Analysis of vulnerability ===
[[File:East_Road_adjacent_to_Jardin_del_Principe_01.jpg|400px]]
East_Road_adjacent_to_Jardin_del_Principe

=== Proposals for Climate Change Adaption ===
* How could your case study area become more resilient to climate change?
* Which measures would need to be taken to adapt to the new situation?
* How could you assure sustainability of these measures?
* Please describe 2-3 measures

=== Proposals for Climate Change Mitigation ===
* Which measures would need to be taken to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and other drivers of climate change within your case study area?
* How could you assure sustainability of these measures?
* Please describe 2-3 measures

=== Your scenario ===
*How will this area look like in 2060?
*Please forecast one potential future development taking climate change into account

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

=== What can be generalized from this case study? ===
*Are there any important theoretical insights?
*Which research questions does it generate?
*Short statement plus background notes

=== Presentation Slides ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:addnewimagename.jpg|Slide One
Image:addnewimagename.jpg|Slide Two
Image:addnewimagename.jpg|Slide Three
</gallery>

=== Image Gallery ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
</gallery>

=== References ===
Please add literature, documentations and weblinks

----
[[Category:Climate Change Case Study]]
About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

{{#widget:WidgetName|param1=value1|param2=value2}}

Group D - Collaborative Climate Adaption Project

2013-01-14T21:15:00Z

Cashfangcn: /* Analysis of vulnerability */

* Back to [[Working_Groups_Seminar_Climate_Change_2012|working group overview]]
* [[Group D - Concept Mapping of Seminar Topics]]
{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Area''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Aranjuez''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Spain''
|-
| '''Topic''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Effects of climate change and adaptation possibilities - case study from Aranjuez, Spain''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Eduardo Casado Fernández, Fang Yi, Daniela Staykova''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[File:Aranjuez.JPG|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=40.03219
|lng=-3.602671
|zoom=11
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

=== Rationale: Why have you selected this case study area? ===
*Aranjuez is a town and lying 48 km south of Madrid in the southern part of the autonomous community of the Community of Madrid.
As of 2009, it has a population of 54,055.
It is in the Wolrd Heritage List as Cultural Landscape.
Climate change is affecting the gardens which are one of the most important elements of the cultural landscape and is affecting the massive trees, mainly specimens of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platanus_%C3%97_acerifolia ''Platanus'' x ''hispanica''](more than 20-30 m high), and either urban planning is not being helpful either. There are also some other important problems, that should be addressed as soon as possible e.g. the nightmare of the access to the city and its collateral effects.

=== Authors' perspectives ===
* As landscape architecs we have an important role to play defining policies (i.e. urban ordinances) designing and applying strategies to improve urban design to preserve the core value of the Cultural Landscape of Aranjuez represented by the historical Gardens of Aranjuez linked to the Royal Palace. Also it is necessary to define policies for landscaping and integrating vegetation regarding other places of the city.

=== LANDSCAPE AND/OR URBAN CONTEST===

== Population In Aranjuez ==

[[File:Population In Aranjuez.jpg|200px|thumb|left|alt text]]

== Land Clasification in Aranjuez ==

[[File:Aranjuez Land Categories.jpg|200px|thumb|left|Land Categories in Aranjuez]]

== History ==
Aranjuez it was the name of an ancient pasture that was understanding, approximately, the lands located among the Tajo and the Sea of Ontígola, of north to south, and the Street of the King and the Bare of the Star, of this to west. In the term of the ancient pasture, were found the village of Aranz, about the gasket of the Tajo rivers and Jarama. From the times of Felipe II, the name of Aranjuez served to designate to the Place, thereinafter Royal Place and, from the reign of Fernando VI, name of the population that here was seated.

The Aranjuez area enjoyed a long history of human settlement before becoming a strategic stronghold during Roman times. Then its position at a river crossing and cross roads - a factor to be repeatedly influential - gave it a significance in the political geography of the time. It lay in a sparsely populated region thereafter and was eventually granted by the Crown to the military order of St James of Santiago in the medieval period. Towards the end of the 14th century, the knights built a palace in the middle of the woods, then replete with game.

Aranjuez became a Royal site in the 15th century, but it was Philip II in the 16th century who created the first period of splendour. He built a new palace and large ornamental and vegetable gardens laid out according to geometric principles, attempting to symbolize his world-wide imperial sovereignty based on a centralized state while at the same time celebrating a return to nature, its structure, and man's supremacy according to the canons of Humanism. It was also a private and personal retreat. Phillip meanwhile pursued botanical experimentation, acclimatizing plant species from all over the world, and introduced hydraulic engineering based on best practice in central Europe and Italy. During the 17th century Aranjuez prospered as the annual abode of royalty, a place of pageantry and hunting, and a source of inspiration for and patronage of some of the greatest Spanish poets of the Golden Age.

The continuing splendour of the 18th century culminated in the building of a new town close to the palace. During the reign of Charles III, the city and its surrounding area became an experimental ground for physiocratic, agricultural, scientific, and social ideas lying at the heart of the Enlightenment. The King sought to provide exemplars both for horticultural practice and in the design of model farms. Such cultural grandeur effectively died when, under external pressure from French Revolutionary ideas and Napoleon's ambitions, the Aranjuez Riot at the end of the century signalled the end of Spain's Ancien Régime.

After a brief revival which added a new element of modernism and eclecticism to the Royal Site during the first half of the 19th century, the end of the reign of Isabella II marked the close of the Crown's exclusive role in the history of this riverside complex and community. A City Council was established independent of Royal command (1836) and the Royal family's use of Aranjuez decreased. At the Revolution in 1868, all Crown property passed to the State and, although large parts of Aranjuez were initially excepted, all that was left in Royal hands by the early 1870s were fragments of their former estate. Meanwhile, the population increased and a railway line (1851) stimulated vigorous economic activity at the price of cutting the Palace's eastern vistas and bisecting the Picotajo garden. During the 20th century Aranjuez became a densely populated satellite city of Madrid, an industrial and cultural centre in which memory and maintenance of the Royal Site deteriorated. Nevertheless, the Site overall kept its integrity, and by the end of that century new assessments, policies, and programmes of works reflected new attitudes of respect for the Royal Site.
Source: UNESCO/CLT/WHC

*Biogeography, land use patterns, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics
* ratio of green/blue and sealed/built-up areas

Illustration:
Map; sketches; short descriptive analyses

=== Cultural/social/political context===

== Cultural Landscape Description ==

Justification for Inscription as Cultural Landscape (ICOMOS)

Criterion ii : Aranjuez represents the coming together of diverse cultural influences to create a cultural landscape that had a formative influence on further developments in this field.

Criterion iv : The complex designed cultural landscape of Aranjuez, derived from a variety of sources, mark a seminal stage in the development of landscape design.

The complex cultural landscape of Aranjuez, derived from a variety of sources, marks a seminal stage in the development of landscape design. It represents the coming together of diverse cultural influences to create a cultural landscape that had a formative influence on further developments in this field. Aranjuez has been witness to various cultural exchanges over a span of time, in a specific cultural area, that has had a tremendous influence in the development of its landmarks and the creation of its landscape.

Aranjuez represents a model for a given culture's use of its territory. However, the city has become increasingly vulnerable since the disappearance at the turn of the century of the Royal Court that had so much influence on its development. This area enjoyed a long history of human settlement before becoming a strategic stronghold during Roman times, with its position at a river crossing (the Tajo and the Jarama) and cross-roads, to the south of Madrid and to the north-west of Toledo. Towards the end of the 14th century, the knights built a palace in the middle of the woods, then replete with game. But it was Philip II in the 16th century who created the first period of splendour. He built a new palace and large ornamental and vegetable gardens laid out according to geometric principles and it was also a private and personal retreat. During the 17th century Aranjuez prospered as the annual abode of royalty, a place of pageantry and hunting, and a source of inspiration for the patronage of some of the greatest Spanish poets of the Golden Age.

The continuing splendour of the 18th century culminated in the building of a new town close to the palace. After a brief revival which added a new element of modernism and eclecticism to the royal site during the first half of the 19th century, the end of the reign of Isabella II marked the close of the Crown's exclusive role in the history of this riverside complex and community. At the Revolution in 1868, all Crown property passed to the State. By the early 1870s the population increased and a railway line (1851) stimulated vigorous economic activity at the price of cutting the palace's eastern vistas and bisecting the Picotajo garden. During the 20th century, Aranjuez became a densely populated satellite city of Madrid, an industrial and cultural centre. Nevertheless, the site overall kept its integrity. The whole area appears as a green oasis in a landscape otherwise of sierra type, dry, brown and fairly barren of vegetation as a result of climate, geomorphology, and over-exploitive land use.

The site incorporates a planned town, large gardens, vegetable gardens and orchards, lagoons, rivers and waterworks, woods, and moors. The main elements are the Palace and Island Garden, arranged around a plaza with, on the east, the King's Garden of irregular plan with fountains and, on the west, avenues and vistas eventually cut by the railway with, across a canal to the north, entirely within a sharp bend of the river beyond the Garden of the Statues and a fountain, the geometric Island Garden full of fountains and other structures; the Great Historic Garden consisting of a series of gardens which together comprise the bulk of the area; the urban area is subdivided into an industrial area west of the palace, incorporating the railway station and the gardens west of the palace, and the 18th-century town that is now the historic core of modern Aranjuez (the original town plan is intact); and the Prince's Garden, a late 18th- to early 19th-century garden that stretches along the south bank of the Tajo, north-east of the town. These elements are subsumed in a series of intermeshed landscapes, all combining conceptually to create a cultural landscape with rivers, dams, ditches, and fountains. The agricultural landscape is formed by vegetable gardens, orchards, nurseries and stock-breeding; the gardens form a delectable landscape. The geometry, starting with the grand alignments of Phillip II, also influenced parts of the hydraulic system, although clearly other factors were at play there; conversely, the hydrology fed the fountains and ponds, which were usually placed at particular points determined by geometry, albeit serving an aesthetic purpose.

The constructed landscape is formed by roads, architecture, and town. Both the natural and geometric bases of the site as a whole survive remarkably well, with relatively little loss and effectively (modern communication routes apart) no inappropriate intrusion. Major buildings as well as the city's layout and its gardens and tree-lined avenues have been preserved as the characteristic of an urban community among orchards and groves living on a ground plan.
Source: UNESCO/CLT/WHC

*Brief explanation of culture, political economy, legal framework

Illustration:
Bullet points, image, background notes

=== '''LOCAL CLIMATE''' ===

== Climatic Data Period 1933-1969 ==

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Temperature_Data_1933-1969_(37 years).jpg|Temperature_Data_1933-1969_(37 years)
Image:Temperature Parameters 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Temperature Parameters 1933-1969 (37 years)
Image:Seasonal Parameters 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Parameters 1933-1969 (37 years)
Image:Temperature Diagram 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Temperature Diagram 1933-1969 (37 years)
Image:Water Index Card 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Water Index Card 1933-1969 (37 years)
Image:Precipitation Parameters 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Precipitation Parameters 1933-1969 (37 years)
Image:Climatic Diagram 02 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Climatic Diagram 02 1933-1969 (37 years)
Image:Ombrotermic Diagram 02 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Ombrotermic Diagram 02 1933-1969 (37 years)
Image:Bioclimatic Index and Diagnosis 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Bioclimatic Index and Diagnosis 1933-1969 (37 years)
Image:Bioclimatic Indexes 01 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Bioclimatic Indexes 01 1933-1969 (37 years)
Image:Bioclimatic Indexes 02 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Bioclimatic Indexes 02 1933-1969 (37 years)
Image:Bioclimatic Parameters 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Bioclimatic Parameters 1933-1969 (37 years)
Image:Summary of Rivas Martinez Classification 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Summary of Rivas Martinez Classification 1933-1969 (37 years)
</gallery>

== '''Climatic Data Period 1971 -2000 (Getafe Weather Station)''' ==

== Getafe - Aranjuez Location ==

[[File:Aranjuez Getafe Location.jpg|400px]]

== Getafe Climatic Data ==

[[File:Climatic Data Getafe.jpg]]

== Aranjuez Average Climate Data up to 2009 ==
[[File:Average Local Data up to 2009.jpg]]

== Flood Ocurrence ==

[[File:Mapa riesgo inundabilidad.jpg|700px]]

*Which changes are expected? Is there any evidence?

Illustration: Table or time line

=== Analysis of vulnerability ===
[[File:East_Road_adjacent_to_Jardin_del_Principe_01.jpg|400px]] East_Road_adjacent_to_Jardin_del_Principe

=== Proposals for Climate Change Adaption ===
* How could your case study area become more resilient to climate change?
* Which measures would need to be taken to adapt to the new situation?
* How could you assure sustainability of these measures?
* Please describe 2-3 measures

=== Proposals for Climate Change Mitigation ===
* Which measures would need to be taken to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and other drivers of climate change within your case study area?
* How could you assure sustainability of these measures?
* Please describe 2-3 measures

=== Your scenario ===
*How will this area look like in 2060?
*Please forecast one potential future development taking climate change into account

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

=== What can be generalized from this case study? ===
*Are there any important theoretical insights?
*Which research questions does it generate?
*Short statement plus background notes

=== Presentation Slides ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:addnewimagename.jpg|Slide One
Image:addnewimagename.jpg|Slide Two
Image:addnewimagename.jpg|Slide Three
</gallery>

=== Image Gallery ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
</gallery>

=== References ===
Please add literature, documentations and weblinks

----
[[Category:Climate Change Case Study]]
About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

{{#widget:WidgetName|param1=value1|param2=value2}}

Group D - Collaborative Climate Adaption Project

2013-01-14T21:14:43Z

Cashfangcn: /* Analysis of vulnerability */

* Back to [[Working_Groups_Seminar_Climate_Change_2012|working group overview]]
* [[Group D - Concept Mapping of Seminar Topics]]
{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Area''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''Aranjuez''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Spain''
|-
| '''Topic''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Effects of climate change and adaptation possibilities - case study from Aranjuez, Spain''
|-
| '''Author(s)''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Eduardo Casado Fernández, Fang Yi, Daniela Staykova''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[File:Aranjuez.JPG|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| {{#widget:GoogleMaps
|width=300
|height=200
|lat=40.03219
|lng=-3.602671
|zoom=11
|centermarker=yes
|maptypecontrol=yes
|overviewmapcontrol=yes
|largemapcontrol=yes
|scalecontrol=yes
}}
|}

=== Rationale: Why have you selected this case study area? ===
*Aranjuez is a town and lying 48 km south of Madrid in the southern part of the autonomous community of the Community of Madrid.
As of 2009, it has a population of 54,055.
It is in the Wolrd Heritage List as Cultural Landscape.
Climate change is affecting the gardens which are one of the most important elements of the cultural landscape and is affecting the massive trees, mainly specimens of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platanus_%C3%97_acerifolia ''Platanus'' x ''hispanica''](more than 20-30 m high), and either urban planning is not being helpful either. There are also some other important problems, that should be addressed as soon as possible e.g. the nightmare of the access to the city and its collateral effects.

=== Authors' perspectives ===
* As landscape architecs we have an important role to play defining policies (i.e. urban ordinances) designing and applying strategies to improve urban design to preserve the core value of the Cultural Landscape of Aranjuez represented by the historical Gardens of Aranjuez linked to the Royal Palace. Also it is necessary to define policies for landscaping and integrating vegetation regarding other places of the city.

=== LANDSCAPE AND/OR URBAN CONTEST===

== Population In Aranjuez ==

[[File:Population In Aranjuez.jpg|200px|thumb|left|alt text]]

== Land Clasification in Aranjuez ==

[[File:Aranjuez Land Categories.jpg|200px|thumb|left|Land Categories in Aranjuez]]

== History ==
Aranjuez it was the name of an ancient pasture that was understanding, approximately, the lands located among the Tajo and the Sea of Ontígola, of north to south, and the Street of the King and the Bare of the Star, of this to west. In the term of the ancient pasture, were found the village of Aranz, about the gasket of the Tajo rivers and Jarama. From the times of Felipe II, the name of Aranjuez served to designate to the Place, thereinafter Royal Place and, from the reign of Fernando VI, name of the population that here was seated.

The Aranjuez area enjoyed a long history of human settlement before becoming a strategic stronghold during Roman times. Then its position at a river crossing and cross roads - a factor to be repeatedly influential - gave it a significance in the political geography of the time. It lay in a sparsely populated region thereafter and was eventually granted by the Crown to the military order of St James of Santiago in the medieval period. Towards the end of the 14th century, the knights built a palace in the middle of the woods, then replete with game.

Aranjuez became a Royal site in the 15th century, but it was Philip II in the 16th century who created the first period of splendour. He built a new palace and large ornamental and vegetable gardens laid out according to geometric principles, attempting to symbolize his world-wide imperial sovereignty based on a centralized state while at the same time celebrating a return to nature, its structure, and man's supremacy according to the canons of Humanism. It was also a private and personal retreat. Phillip meanwhile pursued botanical experimentation, acclimatizing plant species from all over the world, and introduced hydraulic engineering based on best practice in central Europe and Italy. During the 17th century Aranjuez prospered as the annual abode of royalty, a place of pageantry and hunting, and a source of inspiration for and patronage of some of the greatest Spanish poets of the Golden Age.

The continuing splendour of the 18th century culminated in the building of a new town close to the palace. During the reign of Charles III, the city and its surrounding area became an experimental ground for physiocratic, agricultural, scientific, and social ideas lying at the heart of the Enlightenment. The King sought to provide exemplars both for horticultural practice and in the design of model farms. Such cultural grandeur effectively died when, under external pressure from French Revolutionary ideas and Napoleon's ambitions, the Aranjuez Riot at the end of the century signalled the end of Spain's Ancien Régime.

After a brief revival which added a new element of modernism and eclecticism to the Royal Site during the first half of the 19th century, the end of the reign of Isabella II marked the close of the Crown's exclusive role in the history of this riverside complex and community. A City Council was established independent of Royal command (1836) and the Royal family's use of Aranjuez decreased. At the Revolution in 1868, all Crown property passed to the State and, although large parts of Aranjuez were initially excepted, all that was left in Royal hands by the early 1870s were fragments of their former estate. Meanwhile, the population increased and a railway line (1851) stimulated vigorous economic activity at the price of cutting the Palace's eastern vistas and bisecting the Picotajo garden. During the 20th century Aranjuez became a densely populated satellite city of Madrid, an industrial and cultural centre in which memory and maintenance of the Royal Site deteriorated. Nevertheless, the Site overall kept its integrity, and by the end of that century new assessments, policies, and programmes of works reflected new attitudes of respect for the Royal Site.
Source: UNESCO/CLT/WHC

*Biogeography, land use patterns, cultural features, overall character, history and dynamics
* ratio of green/blue and sealed/built-up areas

Illustration:
Map; sketches; short descriptive analyses

=== Cultural/social/political context===

== Cultural Landscape Description ==

Justification for Inscription as Cultural Landscape (ICOMOS)

Criterion ii : Aranjuez represents the coming together of diverse cultural influences to create a cultural landscape that had a formative influence on further developments in this field.

Criterion iv : The complex designed cultural landscape of Aranjuez, derived from a variety of sources, mark a seminal stage in the development of landscape design.

The complex cultural landscape of Aranjuez, derived from a variety of sources, marks a seminal stage in the development of landscape design. It represents the coming together of diverse cultural influences to create a cultural landscape that had a formative influence on further developments in this field. Aranjuez has been witness to various cultural exchanges over a span of time, in a specific cultural area, that has had a tremendous influence in the development of its landmarks and the creation of its landscape.

Aranjuez represents a model for a given culture's use of its territory. However, the city has become increasingly vulnerable since the disappearance at the turn of the century of the Royal Court that had so much influence on its development. This area enjoyed a long history of human settlement before becoming a strategic stronghold during Roman times, with its position at a river crossing (the Tajo and the Jarama) and cross-roads, to the south of Madrid and to the north-west of Toledo. Towards the end of the 14th century, the knights built a palace in the middle of the woods, then replete with game. But it was Philip II in the 16th century who created the first period of splendour. He built a new palace and large ornamental and vegetable gardens laid out according to geometric principles and it was also a private and personal retreat. During the 17th century Aranjuez prospered as the annual abode of royalty, a place of pageantry and hunting, and a source of inspiration for the patronage of some of the greatest Spanish poets of the Golden Age.

The continuing splendour of the 18th century culminated in the building of a new town close to the palace. After a brief revival which added a new element of modernism and eclecticism to the royal site during the first half of the 19th century, the end of the reign of Isabella II marked the close of the Crown's exclusive role in the history of this riverside complex and community. At the Revolution in 1868, all Crown property passed to the State. By the early 1870s the population increased and a railway line (1851) stimulated vigorous economic activity at the price of cutting the palace's eastern vistas and bisecting the Picotajo garden. During the 20th century, Aranjuez became a densely populated satellite city of Madrid, an industrial and cultural centre. Nevertheless, the site overall kept its integrity. The whole area appears as a green oasis in a landscape otherwise of sierra type, dry, brown and fairly barren of vegetation as a result of climate, geomorphology, and over-exploitive land use.

The site incorporates a planned town, large gardens, vegetable gardens and orchards, lagoons, rivers and waterworks, woods, and moors. The main elements are the Palace and Island Garden, arranged around a plaza with, on the east, the King's Garden of irregular plan with fountains and, on the west, avenues and vistas eventually cut by the railway with, across a canal to the north, entirely within a sharp bend of the river beyond the Garden of the Statues and a fountain, the geometric Island Garden full of fountains and other structures; the Great Historic Garden consisting of a series of gardens which together comprise the bulk of the area; the urban area is subdivided into an industrial area west of the palace, incorporating the railway station and the gardens west of the palace, and the 18th-century town that is now the historic core of modern Aranjuez (the original town plan is intact); and the Prince's Garden, a late 18th- to early 19th-century garden that stretches along the south bank of the Tajo, north-east of the town. These elements are subsumed in a series of intermeshed landscapes, all combining conceptually to create a cultural landscape with rivers, dams, ditches, and fountains. The agricultural landscape is formed by vegetable gardens, orchards, nurseries and stock-breeding; the gardens form a delectable landscape. The geometry, starting with the grand alignments of Phillip II, also influenced parts of the hydraulic system, although clearly other factors were at play there; conversely, the hydrology fed the fountains and ponds, which were usually placed at particular points determined by geometry, albeit serving an aesthetic purpose.

The constructed landscape is formed by roads, architecture, and town. Both the natural and geometric bases of the site as a whole survive remarkably well, with relatively little loss and effectively (modern communication routes apart) no inappropriate intrusion. Major buildings as well as the city's layout and its gardens and tree-lined avenues have been preserved as the characteristic of an urban community among orchards and groves living on a ground plan.
Source: UNESCO/CLT/WHC

*Brief explanation of culture, political economy, legal framework

Illustration:
Bullet points, image, background notes

=== '''LOCAL CLIMATE''' ===

== Climatic Data Period 1933-1969 ==

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Temperature_Data_1933-1969_(37 years).jpg|Temperature_Data_1933-1969_(37 years)
Image:Temperature Parameters 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Temperature Parameters 1933-1969 (37 years)
Image:Seasonal Parameters 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Parameters 1933-1969 (37 years)
Image:Temperature Diagram 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Temperature Diagram 1933-1969 (37 years)
Image:Water Index Card 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Water Index Card 1933-1969 (37 years)
Image:Precipitation Parameters 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Precipitation Parameters 1933-1969 (37 years)
Image:Climatic Diagram 02 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Climatic Diagram 02 1933-1969 (37 years)
Image:Ombrotermic Diagram 02 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Ombrotermic Diagram 02 1933-1969 (37 years)
Image:Bioclimatic Index and Diagnosis 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Bioclimatic Index and Diagnosis 1933-1969 (37 years)
Image:Bioclimatic Indexes 01 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Bioclimatic Indexes 01 1933-1969 (37 years)
Image:Bioclimatic Indexes 02 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Bioclimatic Indexes 02 1933-1969 (37 years)
Image:Bioclimatic Parameters 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Bioclimatic Parameters 1933-1969 (37 years)
Image:Summary of Rivas Martinez Classification 1933-1969 (37 years).jpg|Summary of Rivas Martinez Classification 1933-1969 (37 years)
</gallery>

== '''Climatic Data Period 1971 -2000 (Getafe Weather Station)''' ==

== Getafe - Aranjuez Location ==

[[File:Aranjuez Getafe Location.jpg|400px]]

== Getafe Climatic Data ==

[[File:Climatic Data Getafe.jpg]]

== Aranjuez Average Climate Data up to 2009 ==
[[File:Average Local Data up to 2009.jpg]]

== Flood Ocurrence ==

[[File:Mapa riesgo inundabilidad.jpg|700px]]

*Which changes are expected? Is there any evidence?

Illustration: Table or time line

=== Analysis of vulnerability ===
[[File:East_Road_adjacent_to_Jardin_del_Principe_01.jpg|400px]]

=== Proposals for Climate Change Adaption ===
* How could your case study area become more resilient to climate change?
* Which measures would need to be taken to adapt to the new situation?
* How could you assure sustainability of these measures?
* Please describe 2-3 measures

=== Proposals for Climate Change Mitigation ===
* Which measures would need to be taken to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and other drivers of climate change within your case study area?
* How could you assure sustainability of these measures?
* Please describe 2-3 measures

=== Your scenario ===
*How will this area look like in 2060?
*Please forecast one potential future development taking climate change into account

Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

=== What can be generalized from this case study? ===
*Are there any important theoretical insights?
*Which research questions does it generate?
*Short statement plus background notes

=== Presentation Slides ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
Image:addnewimagename.jpg|Slide One
Image:addnewimagename.jpg|Slide Two
Image:addnewimagename.jpg|Slide Three
</gallery>

=== Image Gallery ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
</gallery>

=== References ===
Please add literature, documentations and weblinks

----
[[Category:Climate Change Case Study]]
About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

{{#widget:WidgetName|param1=value1|param2=value2}}

File:Wind erosion map.jpg

2013-01-14T21:05:45Z

Cashfangcn:

File:Laminar erosion map.jpg

2013-01-14T21:05:14Z

Cashfangcn:

File:Aerial photo 2011.jpg

2013-01-14T21:03:43Z

Cashfangcn:

File:Aerial photo 2006.jpg

2013-01-14T21:03:17Z

Cashfangcn:

File:Aerial photo 1991.jpg

2013-01-14T21:02:45Z

Cashfangcn:

File:Aerial photo 1975.jpg

2013-01-14T21:01:52Z

Cashfangcn:

File:Aerial photo 1956.jpg

2013-01-14T21:01:22Z

Cashfangcn:

File:Aerial photo 1946.jpg

2013-01-14T21:00:57Z

Cashfangcn:

File:Trees need enough room to grow 01.jpg

2013-01-14T20:59:46Z

Cashfangcn:

File:Right tree for the right place.jpg

2013-01-14T20:59:23Z

Cashfangcn:

File:West Roundabout West access.jpg

2013-01-14T20:56:49Z

Cashfangcn:

File:North Puente Largo over Jarama River.jpg

2013-01-14T20:56:07Z

Cashfangcn:

File:Glorieta de Santiago Rusiñol The other side of the Tagus river.jpg

2013-01-14T20:55:03Z

Cashfangcn:

File:East Road adjacent to Jardin del Principe 01.jpg

2013-01-14T20:50:34Z

Cashfangcn:

Group D - Collaborative Climate Adaption Project

2012-12-04T17:56:15Z

Cashfangcn:

Group D - Collaborative Climate Adaption Project

2012-12-04T17:54:53Z

Cashfangcn:

Group D - Collaborative Climate Adaption Project

2012-12-04T17:54:10Z

Cashfangcn:

Group D - Collaborative Climate Adaption Project

2012-12-04T17:51:26Z

Cashfangcn:

Group D - Collaborative Climate Adaption Project

2012-12-04T17:51:04Z

Cashfangcn:

Group D - Collaborative Climate Adaption Project

2012-12-04T17:48:38Z

Cashfangcn:

Group D - Collaborative Climate Adaption Project

2012-12-04T17:45:08Z

Cashfangcn:

File:Aranjuez.JPG

2012-12-04T17:40:49Z

Cashfangcn:

Group D - Collaborative Climate Adaption Project

2012-12-04T17:34:44Z

Cashfangcn: /* Authors' perspectives */

Group D - Collaborative Climate Adaption Project

2012-12-04T17:32:02Z

Cashfangcn: /* Authors' perspectives */

Group D - Collaborative Climate Adaption Project

2012-12-04T17:27:32Z

Cashfangcn: /* Rationale: Why have you selected this case study area? */

Group D - Concept Mapping of Seminar Topics

2012-11-25T21:42:49Z

Cashfangcn: /* Concept Map */

Group D - Concept Mapping of Seminar Topics

2012-11-25T21:41:39Z

Cashfangcn: /* Concept Map */

Group D - Concept Mapping of Seminar Topics

2012-11-25T21:41:11Z

Cashfangcn: /* Concept Map */

* Back to [[Working_Groups_Seminar_Climate_Change_2012|working group overview]]
* [[Group D - Collaborative Climate Adaption Project]]

== Titel of Topic ''(to be adjusted)'' ==

== Concept Map ==
[[Concept_Mapping_of_Grupe_d.jpeg[[Image:Concept_Map_D1.jpg|thumb|300px|none|]]

== Discussion ==
Please sum up the core themes of your group discussion

File:Concept Mapping of Grupe d.jpeg

2012-11-25T21:40:06Z

Cashfangcn:

Group D - Concept Mapping of Seminar Topics

2012-11-25T19:47:11Z

Cashfangcn: /* Concept Map */

Group D - Concept Mapping of Seminar Topics

2012-11-25T19:45:56Z

Cashfangcn: /* Concept Map */

* Back to [[Working_Groups_Seminar_Climate_Change_2012|working group overview]]
* [[Group D - Collaborative Climate Adaption Project]]

== Titel of Topic ''(to be adjusted)'' ==

== Concept Map ==
[[Image:Concept_Map_D1.jpg|thumb|300px|none|This file is a placeholder for your concept map, please upload your concept map to the wiki in jpg format and adjust the filename 'Climate change risk.jpg' at the beginning of this line to your actual file name, then it will be displayed here. Please check the help section for more details on uploading images.]]

== Discussion ==
Please sum up the core themes of your group discussion

File:Concept Map D1.jpg

2012-11-25T19:44:58Z

Cashfangcn:

Nordstadt Park

2011-12-12T08:52:26Z

Cashfangcn: /* Exercise 2: Landscape Layers */

'''The Boundary of Nordstadt Park in Kassel'''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''The boundary of Nordstadt Park''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Kassel''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Germany''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Tanja Helbing,Fang Yi ''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Comtempary clear view.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| <googlemap version="0.9" lat="51.326965" lon="9.505663" zoom="16" width="300" height="250">51.326495, 9.506435, the boundary of Nordstadt park</googlemap>
|}

==Short Introduction to the Area of Study==
Our chosen area is joined on the south-west side to the Nordstadtpark in Kassel. The area expands parallel to the park. Tree bridges connected the park with our location. Very relevant for the character of the area is a concrete wall on one side and the stream of the Ahna on the other side.

The location can be seen as a place in between, because it connects other main places like the park and the streets. That can be seen as one vital aspects why the area seams to be really interesting to look at. To figure out what kind of potential areas with a pre assumed minor impotence can have for people. Because of the basis of first observational research we figured out that the area is mainly used by younger people and leisure sportsman.

== Exercise 1: Sketching the Landscape ==

'''Time frame: October 25 - November 15, 2011'''

'''''Student activities:'''''
* Creation of analytical drawings and sketches
* Presentation of results

''Please upload a selection of your drawings/sketches/mental maps and add them to the image gallery''

=== Sketches and Drawings ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:nordpark.jpg|your image text
Image:Sketch1.JPG|your image text
Image:Sketch2(nordstadtpark).JPG|your image text
</gallery>

== Exercise 2: Landscape Layers ==

'''Time frame: November 15 - 29, 2011'''
*time based changes and 'landscape biography', and/or:
* topography, open spaces, built, green, traffic and water structures on different layers. *Definition of zones with coherent character
*Description of this character.

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:building in nordstadtpark.jpg|buildings in nordstadtpark
Image:traffic in nordstadtpark.jpg|traffic in nordstadtpark
Image:plants in nordstadtpark.jpg|plants in nordstadtpark
Image:Water_in_nordstadtpark.jpg|water in nordstadtpark
Image:Open_space_in_nordstadtpark.jpg|Open space in nordstadtpark
</gallery>

''In the east of the area is the Hospital of Kassel located. Next to the graffiti wall is a presumably private used garage. In the northwest there are some private houses.
Regional endemical plants can be found around the area, such as Acer Platanus, Salix or Pinus. Most of the plants deviate along the river side. A contrast between the green and the concrete elements builts up.
Predominantly the area is used by pedestrians and bicycle users. Some parts are accessible for cars too. The frequency highly depends on the time of the day. It is especially high approximately fifteen minutes before and after the lectures.
The hole area appears to be quite open. If you would stand on one side of the place you could easily get an overview about the reach of the place. The open areas can be divided in those who can be accessed by people and in those you can not enter.
On every side of the food path people can enter the joint areas until the wall on the right and the fence on the left side. In addition, there is a little place in front of the path that can be used as well.
The areas people can not enter lay behind the fence and the wall (green spaces). Even though you can not access the places there can be well seen and contribute a big amount to the specific character of the place.
The occurrence of water, has a secondary meaning for the area. There is just one waterelement: the Ahna. It is a little stream that runs through the place on the left side. It appears to be hidden on some places and is there for marginal recognizable.''

== Exercise 3: Behaviour Patterns ==
<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Behavior_for_Nordstadtpark1.jpg|
Image:Behavior_for_Nordstadtpark2.jpg|The most frequent used way is the footpath between the kindergarten and the way to the university. During the morning most people head to the south and during later hours the way back. Rarely do vehicles approach the way to the higher situated buildings. A small but constant use is between the main path and the man made lanes to the gravity wall.
Image:Behavior_for_Nordstadtpark3.jpg|
</gallery>

== Exercise 4: Communication Concepts ==

'''Time frame: December 19, 2011 - January 17, 2012'''
* Based on the different landscape assessment approaches students will develop a communication concept for their area of study
* Which measures would be necessary for enhancing the awareness for the area?
* Students are free to choose their method.

''Please publish your findings here''

== Image Gallery ==

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:yourimagename.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimagename.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimagename.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimagename.jpg|your image text
</gallery>

== References ==
''* Please make sure that you give proper references of all external resources used.''

''* Do not use images of which you do not hold the copyright.''

''* Please add internet links to other resources if necessary.''

----
[[Category:Case Study]]
[[Category:Everyday Landscapes Case Study]]
[[Category:Everyday Landscapes Working Group
[[Category:Everyday Landscapes Parks and Gardens]]
About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Nordstadt Park

2011-12-12T08:50:02Z

Cashfangcn: /* Exercise 3: Behaviour Patterns */

'''The Boundary of Nordstadt Park in Kassel'''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''The boundary of Nordstadt Park''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Kassel''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Germany''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Tanja Helbing,Fang Yi ''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Comtempary clear view.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| <googlemap version="0.9" lat="51.326965" lon="9.505663" zoom="16" width="300" height="250">51.326495, 9.506435, the boundary of Nordstadt park</googlemap>
|}

==Short Introduction to the Area of Study==
Our chosen area is joined on the south-west side to the Nordstadtpark in Kassel. The area expands parallel to the park. Tree bridges connected the park with our location. Very relevant for the character of the area is a concrete wall on one side and the stream of the Ahna on the other side.

The location can be seen as a place in between, because it connects other main places like the park and the streets. That can be seen as one vital aspects why the area seams to be really interesting to look at. To figure out what kind of potential areas with a pre assumed minor impotence can have for people. Because of the basis of first observational research we figured out that the area is mainly used by younger people and leisure sportsman.

== Exercise 1: Sketching the Landscape ==

'''Time frame: October 25 - November 15, 2011'''

'''''Student activities:'''''
* Creation of analytical drawings and sketches
* Presentation of results

''Please upload a selection of your drawings/sketches/mental maps and add them to the image gallery''

=== Sketches and Drawings ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:nordpark.jpg|your image text
Image:Sketch1.JPG|your image text
Image:Sketch2(nordstadtpark).JPG|your image text
</gallery>

== Exercise 2: Landscape Layers ==

'''Time frame: November 15 - 29, 2011'''
*time based changes and 'landscape biography', and/or:
* topography, open spaces, built, green, traffic and water structures on different layers. *Definition of zones with coherent character
*Description of this character.

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:building in nordstadtpark.jpg|buildings in nordstadtpark
Image:traffic in nordstadtpark.jpg|traffic in nordstadtpark
Image:plants in nordstadtpark.jpg|plants in nordstadtpark
Image:Water_in_nordstadtpark.jpg|water in nordstadtpark
Image:Open_space_in_nordstadtpark.jpg|Open space in nordstadtpark
</gallery>

''In the east of the area is the Hospital of Kassel located. Next to the graffiti wall is a presumably private used garage. In the northwest there are some private houses.
Regional endemical plants can be found around the area, such as Acer Platanus, Salix or Pinus. Most of the plants deviate along the river side. A contrast between the green and the concrete elements builts up.
Predominantly the area is used by pedestrians and bicycle users. Some parts are accessible for cars too. The frequency highly depends on the time of the day. It is especially high approximately fifteen minutes before and after the lectures.
The hole area appears to be quite open. If you would stand on one side of the place you could easily get an overview about the reach of the place. The open areas can be divided in those who can be accessed by people and in those you can not enter.
On every side of the food path people can enter the joint areas until the wall on the right and the fence on the left side. In addition, there is a little place in front of the path that can be used as well.
The areas people can not enter lay behind the fence and the wall (green spaces). Even though you can not access the places there can be well seen and contribute a big amount to the specific character of the place.
The occurrence of water, has a secondary meaning for the area. There is just one waterelement: the Ahna. It is a little stream that runs through the place on the left side. It appears to be hidden on some places and is there for marginal recognizable.''

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Behavior_for_Nordstadtpark1.jpg|
Image:Behavior_for_Nordstadtpark2.jpg|The most frequent used way is the footpath between the kindergarten and the way to the university. During the morning most people head to the south and during later hours the way back. Rarely do vehicles approach the way to the higher situated buildings. A small but constant use is between the main path and the man made lanes to the gravity wall.
Image:Behavior_for_Nordstadtpark3.jpg|
</gallery>

== Exercise 4: Communication Concepts ==

'''Time frame: December 19, 2011 - January 17, 2012'''
* Based on the different landscape assessment approaches students will develop a communication concept for their area of study
* Which measures would be necessary for enhancing the awareness for the area?
* Students are free to choose their method.

''Please publish your findings here''

== Image Gallery ==

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:yourimagename.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimagename.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimagename.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimagename.jpg|your image text
</gallery>

== References ==
''* Please make sure that you give proper references of all external resources used.''

''* Do not use images of which you do not hold the copyright.''

''* Please add internet links to other resources if necessary.''

----
[[Category:Case Study]]
[[Category:Everyday Landscapes Case Study]]
[[Category:Everyday Landscapes Working Group
[[Category:Everyday Landscapes Parks and Gardens]]
About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

File:Behavior for Nordstadtpark3.jpg

2011-12-12T08:47:17Z

Cashfangcn:

File:Behavior for Nordstadtpark2.jpg

2011-12-12T08:46:44Z

Cashfangcn:

File:Behavior for Nordstadtpark1.jpg

2011-12-12T08:46:19Z

Cashfangcn:

Nordstadt Park

2011-12-01T21:38:43Z

Cashfangcn: /* Exercise 2: Landscape Layers */

'''The Boundary of Nordstadt Park in Kassel'''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''The boundary of Nordstadt Park''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Kassel''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Germany''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Tanja Helbing,Fang Yi ''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Comtempary clear view.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| <googlemap version="0.9" lat="51.326965" lon="9.505663" zoom="16" width="300" height="250">51.326495, 9.506435, the boundary of Nordstadt park</googlemap>
|}

==Short Introduction to the Area of Study==
Our chosen area is joined on the south-west side to the Nordstadtpark in Kassel. The area expands parallel to the park. Tree bridges connected the park with our location. Very relevant for the character of the area is a concrete wall on one side and the stream of the Ahna on the other side.

The location can be seen as a place in between, because it connects other main places like the park and the streets. That can be seen as one vital aspects why the area seams to be really interesting to look at. To figure out what kind of potential areas with a pre assumed minor impotence can have for people. Because of the basis of first observational research we figured out that the area is mainly used by younger people and leisure sportsman.

== Exercise 1: Sketching the Landscape ==

'''Time frame: October 25 - November 15, 2011'''

'''''Student activities:'''''
* Creation of analytical drawings and sketches
* Presentation of results

''Please upload a selection of your drawings/sketches/mental maps and add them to the image gallery''

=== Sketches and Drawings ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:nordpark.jpg|your image text
Image:Sketch1.JPG|your image text
Image:Sketch2(nordstadtpark).JPG|your image text
</gallery>

== Exercise 2: Landscape Layers ==

'''Time frame: November 15 - 29, 2011'''
*time based changes and 'landscape biography', and/or:
* topography, open spaces, built, green, traffic and water structures on different layers. *Definition of zones with coherent character
*Description of this character.

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:building in nordstadtpark.jpg|buildings in nordstadtpark
Image:traffic in nordstadtpark.jpg|traffic in nordstadtpark
Image:plants in nordstadtpark.jpg|plants in nordstadtpark
Image:Water_in_nordstadtpark.jpg|water in nordstadtpark
Image:Open_space_in_nordstadtpark.jpg|Open space in nordstadtpark
</gallery>

''In the east of the area is the Hospital of Kassel located. Next to the graffiti wall is a presumably private used garage. In the northwest there are some private houses.
Regional endemical plants can be found around the area, such as Acer Platanus, Salix or Pinus. Most of the plants deviate along the river side. A contrast between the green and the concrete elements builts up.
Predominantly the area is used by pedestrians and bicycle users. Some parts are accessible for cars too. The frequency highly depends on the time of the day. It is especially high approximately fifteen minutes before and after the lectures.
The hole area appears to be quite open. If you would stand on one side of the place you could easily get an overview about the reach of the place. The open areas can be divided in those who can be accessed by people and in those you can not enter.
On every side of the food path people can enter the joint areas until the wall on the right and the fence on the left side. In addition, there is a little place in front of the path that can be used as well.
The areas people can not enter lay behind the fence and the wall (green spaces). Even though you can not access the places there can be well seen and contribute a big amount to the specific character of the place.
The occurrence of water, has a secondary meaning for the area. There is just one waterelement: the Ahna. It is a little stream that runs through the place on the left side. It appears to be hidden on some places and is there for marginal recognizable.''

== Exercise 3: Behaviour Patterns ==

'''Time frame: December 6 - 20, 2011'''
* How do people behave in this area? How do they use the space? What is important for them?
* Observation of study area, interviews with local people and mapping of use patterns.
* Preparation of short presentation

''Please publish your findings here''

== Exercise 4: Communication Concepts ==

'''Time frame: December 19, 2011 - January 17, 2012'''
* Based on the different landscape assessment approaches students will develop a communication concept for their area of study
* Which measures would be necessary for enhancing the awareness for the area?
* Students are free to choose their method.

''Please publish your findings here''

== Image Gallery ==

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:yourimagename.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimagename.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimagename.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimagename.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimagename.jpg|your image text
</gallery>

== References ==
''* Please make sure that you give proper references of all external resources used.''

''* Do not use images of which you do not hold the copyright.''

''* Please add internet links to other resources if necessary.''

----
[[Category:Case Study]]
[[Category:Everyday Landscapes Case Study]]
[[Category:Everyday Landscapes Working Group
[[Category:Everyday Landscapes Parks and Gardens]]
About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Nordstadt Park

2011-12-01T21:37:34Z

Cashfangcn: /* Exercise 2: Landscape Layers */

'''The Boundary of Nordstadt Park in Kassel'''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''The boundary of Nordstadt Park''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Kassel''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Germany''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Tanja Helbing,Fang Yi ''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Comtempary clear view.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| <googlemap version="0.9" lat="51.326965" lon="9.505663" zoom="16" width="300" height="250">51.326495, 9.506435, the boundary of Nordstadt park</googlemap>
|}

==Short Introduction to the Area of Study==
Our chosen area is joined on the south-west side to the Nordstadtpark in Kassel. The area expands parallel to the park. Tree bridges connected the park with our location. Very relevant for the character of the area is a concrete wall on one side and the stream of the Ahna on the other side.

The location can be seen as a place in between, because it connects other main places like the park and the streets. That can be seen as one vital aspects why the area seams to be really interesting to look at. To figure out what kind of potential areas with a pre assumed minor impotence can have for people. Because of the basis of first observational research we figured out that the area is mainly used by younger people and leisure sportsman.

== Exercise 1: Sketching the Landscape ==

'''Time frame: October 25 - November 15, 2011'''

'''''Student activities:'''''
* Creation of analytical drawings and sketches
* Presentation of results

''Please upload a selection of your drawings/sketches/mental maps and add them to the image gallery''

=== Sketches and Drawings ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:nordpark.jpg|your image text
Image:Sketch1.JPG|your image text
Image:Sketch2(nordstadtpark).JPG|your image text
</gallery>

== Exercise 2: Landscape Layers ==

'''Time frame: November 15 - 29, 2011'''
*time based changes and 'landscape biography', and/or:
* topography, open spaces, built, green, traffic and water structures on different layers. *Definition of zones with coherent character
*Description of this character.

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:building in nordstadtpark.jpg|your image text
Image:traffic in nordstadtpark.jpg|your image text
Image:plants in nordstadtpark.jpg|your image text
Image:Water_in_nordstadtpark.jpg|your image text
Image:Open_space_in_nordstadtpark.jpg|your image text
</gallery>

''In the east of the area is the Hospital of Kassel located. Next to the graffiti wall is a presumably private used garage. In the northwest there are some private houses.
Regional endemical plants can be found around the area, such as Acer Platanus, Salix or Pinus. Most of the plants deviate along the river side. A contrast between the green and the concrete elements builts up.
Predominantly the area is used by pedestrians and bicycle users. Some parts are accessible for cars too. The frequency highly depends on the time of the day. It is especially high approximately fifteen minutes before and after the lectures.
The hole area appears to be quite open. If you would stand on one side of the place you could easily get an overview about the reach of the place. The open areas can be divided in those who can be accessed by people and in those you can not enter.
On every side of the food path people can enter the joint areas until the wall on the right and the fence on the left side. In addition, there is a little place in front of the path that can be used as well.
The areas people can not enter lay behind the fence and the wall (green spaces). Even though you can not access the places there can be well seen and contribute a big amount to the specific character of the place.
The occurrence of water, has a secondary meaning for the area. There is just one waterelement: the Ahna. It is a little stream that runs through the place on the left side. It appears to be hidden on some places and is there for marginal recognizable.''

== Exercise 3: Behaviour Patterns ==

'''Time frame: December 6 - 20, 2011'''
* How do people behave in this area? How do they use the space? What is important for them?
* Observation of study area, interviews with local people and mapping of use patterns.
* Preparation of short presentation

''Please publish your findings here''

== Exercise 4: Communication Concepts ==

'''Time frame: December 19, 2011 - January 17, 2012'''
* Based on the different landscape assessment approaches students will develop a communication concept for their area of study
* Which measures would be necessary for enhancing the awareness for the area?
* Students are free to choose their method.

''Please publish your findings here''

== Image Gallery ==

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:yourimagename.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimagename.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimagename.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimagename.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimagename.jpg|your image text
</gallery>

== References ==
''* Please make sure that you give proper references of all external resources used.''

''* Do not use images of which you do not hold the copyright.''

''* Please add internet links to other resources if necessary.''

----
[[Category:Case Study]]
[[Category:Everyday Landscapes Case Study]]
[[Category:Everyday Landscapes Working Group
[[Category:Everyday Landscapes Parks and Gardens]]
About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

File:Open space in nordstadtpark.jpg

2011-12-01T21:37:09Z

Cashfangcn:

Nordstadt Park

2011-12-01T21:36:44Z

Cashfangcn: /* Exercise 2: Landscape Layers */

'''The Boundary of Nordstadt Park in Kassel'''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''The boundary of Nordstadt Park''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Kassel''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Germany''
|-
| '''Authors''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Tanja Helbing,Fang Yi ''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Comtempary clear view.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| <googlemap version="0.9" lat="51.326965" lon="9.505663" zoom="16" width="300" height="250">51.326495, 9.506435, the boundary of Nordstadt park</googlemap>
|}

==Short Introduction to the Area of Study==
Our chosen area is joined on the south-west side to the Nordstadtpark in Kassel. The area expands parallel to the park. Tree bridges connected the park with our location. Very relevant for the character of the area is a concrete wall on one side and the stream of the Ahna on the other side.

The location can be seen as a place in between, because it connects other main places like the park and the streets. That can be seen as one vital aspects why the area seams to be really interesting to look at. To figure out what kind of potential areas with a pre assumed minor impotence can have for people. Because of the basis of first observational research we figured out that the area is mainly used by younger people and leisure sportsman.

== Exercise 1: Sketching the Landscape ==

'''Time frame: October 25 - November 15, 2011'''

'''''Student activities:'''''
* Creation of analytical drawings and sketches
* Presentation of results

''Please upload a selection of your drawings/sketches/mental maps and add them to the image gallery''

=== Sketches and Drawings ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:nordpark.jpg|your image text
Image:Sketch1.JPG|your image text
Image:Sketch2(nordstadtpark).JPG|your image text
</gallery>

== Exercise 2: Landscape Layers ==

'''Time frame: November 15 - 29, 2011'''
*time based changes and 'landscape biography', and/or:
* topography, open spaces, built, green, traffic and water structures on different layers. *Definition of zones with coherent character
*Description of this character.

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:building in nordstadtpark.jpg|your image text
Image:traffic in nordstadtpark.jpg|your image text
Image:plants in nordstadtpark.jpg|your image text
Image:Water_in_nordstadtpark.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimagename.jpg|your image text
</gallery>

''In the east of the area is the Hospital of Kassel located. Next to the graffiti wall is a presumably private used garage. In the northwest there are some private houses.
Regional endemical plants can be found around the area, such as Acer Platanus, Salix or Pinus. Most of the plants deviate along the river side. A contrast between the green and the concrete elements builts up.
Predominantly the area is used by pedestrians and bicycle users. Some parts are accessible for cars too. The frequency highly depends on the time of the day. It is especially high approximately fifteen minutes before and after the lectures.
The hole area appears to be quite open. If you would stand on one side of the place you could easily get an overview about the reach of the place. The open areas can be divided in those who can be accessed by people and in those you can not enter.
On every side of the food path people can enter the joint areas until the wall on the right and the fence on the left side. In addition, there is a little place in front of the path that can be used as well.
The areas people can not enter lay behind the fence and the wall (green spaces). Even though you can not access the places there can be well seen and contribute a big amount to the specific character of the place.
The occurrence of water, has a secondary meaning for the area. There is just one waterelement: the Ahna. It is a little stream that runs through the place on the left side. It appears to be hidden on some places and is there for marginal recognizable.''

== Exercise 3: Behaviour Patterns ==

'''Time frame: December 6 - 20, 2011'''
* How do people behave in this area? How do they use the space? What is important for them?
* Observation of study area, interviews with local people and mapping of use patterns.
* Preparation of short presentation

''Please publish your findings here''

== Exercise 4: Communication Concepts ==

'''Time frame: December 19, 2011 - January 17, 2012'''
* Based on the different landscape assessment approaches students will develop a communication concept for their area of study
* Which measures would be necessary for enhancing the awareness for the area?
* Students are free to choose their method.

''Please publish your findings here''

== Image Gallery ==

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:yourimagename.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimagename.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimagename.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimagename.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimagename.jpg|your image text
</gallery>

== References ==
''* Please make sure that you give proper references of all external resources used.''

''* Do not use images of which you do not hold the copyright.''

''* Please add internet links to other resources if necessary.''

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[[Category:Case Study]]
[[Category:Everyday Landscapes Case Study]]
[[Category:Everyday Landscapes Working Group
[[Category:Everyday Landscapes Parks and Gardens]]
About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

File:Water in nordstadtpark.jpg

2011-12-01T21:36:18Z

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