Wikienfk5 - User contributions [en]

China II - Netherlands

2011-01-17T16:55:23Z

Avacoco: /* Concept Map */

'''[http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Assignment_4:_Landscape_Concepts_in_comparison#Landscape_Concepts_by_country Back to Assignment 4: Landscape Concepts by country]'''

*'''team members:''' ''Hu Xiaolu,Yang Daisi,Hanne De Witte''

*'''home countries / cultural background:''' ''China,China,Netherlands''

*'''article:''' ''Weller, Richard. 2008. [http://moodle.hfwu.de/moodle/file.php/94/Literature/Richard_Weller_Rapidly_growing_cities.pdf Planning by Design - Landscape Architectural Scenarios for a Rapidly Growing City.] In: ECLAS (ed.). JoLA autumn 2008, 18-29. Munich: Callwey.''

*'''country / cultural background:''' ''Australia''

== Concept Map ==

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:987654321.jpg
</gallery>

*'''link:''' ''please add the link to your Cmap here''

File:987654321.jpg

2011-01-17T16:54:55Z

Avacoco:

China II - Netherlands

2011-01-08T20:53:20Z

Avacoco: /* Concept Map */

'''[http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Assignment_4:_Landscape_Concepts_in_comparison#Landscape_Concepts_by_country Back to Assignment 4: Landscape Concepts by country]'''

*'''team members:''' ''Hu Xiaolu,Yang Daisi,Hanne De Witte''

*'''home countries / cultural background:''' ''China,China,Netherlands''

*'''article:''' ''Planning by Design Landscape Architectural Scenarios for a Rapidly Growing City''

*'''country / cultural background:''' ''Australia''

== Concept Map ==

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:Concept_mapWUR.jpg
</gallery>

*'''link:''' ''http://cmaptools.en.softonic.com/download#pathbar''

File:Concept mapWUR.jpg

2011-01-08T20:52:52Z

Avacoco:

China II - Netherlands

2011-01-03T09:20:50Z

Avacoco: /* Concept Map */

'''[http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Assignment_4:_Landscape_Concepts_in_comparison#Landscape_Concepts_by_country Back to Assignment 4: Landscape Concepts by country]'''

*'''team members:''' ''Hu Xiaolu,Yang Daisi,Hanne De Witte''

*'''home countries / cultural background:''' ''China,China,Netherlands''

*'''article:''' ''Planning by Design Landscape Architectural Scenarios for a Rapidly Growing City''

*'''country / cultural background:''' ''Australia''

== Concept Map ==

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:your_concept_map.jpg
</gallery>

*'''link:''' ''http://cmaptools.en.softonic.com/download#pathbar''

China II - Netherlands

2011-01-03T09:19:57Z

Avacoco:

'''[http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Assignment_4:_Landscape_Concepts_in_comparison#Landscape_Concepts_by_country Back to Assignment 4: Landscape Concepts by country]'''

*'''team members:''' ''Hu Xiaolu,Yang Daisi,Hanne De Witte''

*'''home countries / cultural background:''' ''China,China,Netherlands''

*'''article:''' ''Planning by Design Landscape Architectural Scenarios for a Rapidly Growing City''

*'''country / cultural background:''' ''Australia''

== Concept Map ==

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:your_concept_map.jpg
</gallery>

*'''link:''' ''please add the Cmap tools link here''

China II - Netherlands

2011-01-03T09:16:28Z

Avacoco:

'''[http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Assignment_4:_Landscape_Concepts_in_comparison#Landscape_Concepts_by_country Back to Assignment 4: Landscape Concepts by country]'''

*'''team members:''' ''Hu Xiaolu,Yang Daisi,Hanne De Witte''

*'''home countries / cultural background:''' ''China,China,Netherlands''

*'''article:''' ''please edit the complete source of the article here, copied from the resources''

*'''country / cultural background:''' ''please edit the country here that the article deals with''

== Concept Map ==

<gallery caption=" " widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
Image:your_concept_map.jpg
</gallery>

*'''link:''' ''please add the Cmap tools link here''

Netherlands

2010-12-13T17:56:17Z

Avacoco: /* Landscape Concept 1 */

'''[http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Assignment_4:_Landscape_Concepts_in_comparison#Landscape_Concepts_by_country Back to Assignment 4: Landscape Concepts by country]'''

== Landscape Concept 1 ==

by: Hanne De Witte

=== Original ===

Sources of the landscape definitions:

Cultuurland

Agrarisch landschap in verandering

Den Haag, Ruimtelijk Planbureau, juni 2005

http://www.rivm.nl/bibliotheek/digitaaldepot/cultuurland.pdf

Het woordenboek Van Dale biedt opvallend eenvoudige en bruikbare omschrijvingen voor het begrip landschap: ‘de landelijke omgeving voor zover men die in een blik overziet, zoals zij zich in haar samenstel vertoont, de aanblik ervan’. Een andere formulering luidt: ‘een deel van de aardoppervlakte dat zich in grondstoffen, bewoning enz. van de aangrenzende delen als een zelfstandig geheel onderscheidt’. Voor deze studie hanteren wij de volgende definitie: een landschap is een samenhangend geheel gevormd door interactie tussen mens en natuur dat zich onderscheidt van aangrenzende delen, en in één blik is te overzien. In die omschrijving kunnen steden, watervlakken en ruige natuurgebieden ook als landschap gedefinieerd worden, mits het gebied maar uitgestrekt een ‘ander landschap’ Cultuurlandschap ‘(open) landschap dat door de werkzaamheden van de mens sterk veranderd is’. Die definitie van landschap maakt een onderscheid mogelijk tussen cultuur- en natuurlandschappen: de invloed van het menselijk handelen, al dan niet in interactie met de natuur, vormt de afbakening van het cultuurlandschap.

The performance of landscape concepts in spatial planning

Branding, bonding and bringing about

Janneke E. Hagens, 2010

http://edepot.wur.nl/156337

A first challenge in Dutch spatial planning is to overcome traditional landscape descriptions which ignore the inherent complexity and dynamics of landscapes (Habiforum 2003a-b). The most emblematic example of a traditional landscape description is a dichotomous and static description of rural and urban landscapes, which distorts complex reality. Spatial planners should, instead, develop ―an integrated approach to town and countryside‖ (Habiforum 2003b, p.5). Namely, ―[t]he space that makes up the Netherlands can be perceived as a system of networks, spatially connected with each other‖, which bind rural and urban landscapes together (ibid, p.24; cf. Hidding & Teunissen 2002). Describing the relationship between urban and rural landscapes is neither a new nor a typically Dutch spatial planning issue (see e.g. Williams 1975; Hidding 2006; Kūle 2008).

In line with these perspectives on landscape, I start by defining landscapes as: both a social and natural „product‟, which is continuously transformed by people into a new „product‟.
This definition implies that landscapes can range from almost abandoned landscapes to densely populated urban landscapes.

=== English translation ===

Dutch defenitions of the concept Landscape

Dictionary: Van Dale

Landscape: the rural environment, as far as people can see in one view.

Ruimtelijk Planbureau

Landscape: a connected whole made by interaction between nature and people, that can distinguish itself with boarding parts and you can have an overview in one view.

Hidding & Teunissen 2002

“The space that makes the Netherlands can be seen as a system of networks that are spatially connected with each other, which bind rural and urban landscapes together.”

J. Hagens 2010

Landscape: both a social and natural „product‟, which is continuously transformed by people into a new „product‟

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:image01.jpg|title and source
Image:image02.jpg|title and source
Image:image03.jpg|title and source
Image:image04.jpg|title and source
Image:image05.jpg|title and source
</gallery>

== Landscape Concept 2 ==

by: ''Please add your names here...''

=== Original ===

''Please add your concept of landscape in original language and the source here...''

=== English translation ===

''Please add your English translation here... If you want you can also add sample pictures underneath''

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:image01.jpg|title and source
Image:image02.jpg|title and source
Image:image03.jpg|title and source
Image:image04.jpg|title and source
Image:image05.jpg|title and source
</gallery>

[[Category: Landscape Concept]]

China

2010-12-13T17:55:45Z

Avacoco: /* Landscape Concept 2 */

'''[http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Assignment_4:_Landscape_Concepts_in_comparison#Landscape_Concepts_by_country Back to Assignment 4: Landscape Concepts by country]'''

== Landscape Concept 1 ==

by: ''Zhang,Kun''

=== Original ===

''
景观的含义

景观有四个层面的含义：

（1）景观作为视觉审美的对象：外在人眼中的景象；

（2）景观作为生活其中的栖息地：内在人的生活体验；

（3）景观作为系统：科学、客观地解读；

第一是景观与外部系统的关系。

第二是景观内部各元素之间的生态关系，即水平生态过程。

第三种生态关系，是景观元素内部的结构与功能的关系。

第四种生态关系则存在于生命与环境之间。

第五种生态关系则存在于人类与其环境之间的物质、营养及能量的关系。

（4）景观作为符号。景观作为符号的含义：人类理想与历史的书。

景观是审美的、景观是体验的、景观是科学的、景观是有含义的。

景观是自然及人类社会过程在土地上的烙印，是人与自然、人与人的关系以及人类理想与追求在大地上的投影。

'''参考文献'''

'''俞孔坚.景观的含义[J].时代建筑,2002,（1）:14-16.'''
''

=== English translation ===

''
The concept of the landscape

There are four levels of the landscape concept.

(1) landscape as a visual perceptual object: the external scene in our eyes.

(2) Landscapes as living places: the inner experience of human life.

(3) Landscapes as systems: scientifically and objectively interpreting.

The first is the relationship between landscape and external systems.

The second is the internal ecological relationships between the various elements, namely the level of ecological processes.

The third ecological relationship is the structure and function within the landscape elements.

The fourth ecological relationship exists between the life and the environment.

The fifth ecological relationship exists between human beings and their physical environment, nutrition and energy.

(4) Landscape as a symbol: the ideal and the history books of human beings.

Landscape is aesthetic, landscape is perceptual, landscape is scientific, landscape is meaningful.

Landscape is the imprint of human natural and social processes on the land; landscape is the projection of man and nature, human relations and the pursuit of human ideals in the earth.

'''Reference

'''[1]Yu Kongjian ,Meanings of landscape[J], Modern A rchitecture.2002,(1):14-16'''.'''
''

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:0fb650fe68035c725c6008ca.jpg|Hani Terrace in Yunnan Province in China

</gallery>

== Landscape Concept 2 ==

by: ''Hu Xiaolu, Yang Daisi''

=== Original ===

景观这个词过于强调视觉，容易忽视功能、社会以及人的其他感觉，由此已经带来了不少偏差。

风景园林是综合利用科学和艺术手段营造人类美好的室外生活境域的一个行业和一门学科。

-王绍增,园林景观与中国风景园林的未来

=== English translation ===

Landscape: Certain scenes which can cause some kind of visual experience or scenes which have specific characters in a certain region. Landscape includes all natural and artificial objective articles above the earth or in the universe. Landscape has the science art and culture properties.

-LIU Binyi; A study on the Developmental Strategy of Landscape Studies; Landscape Architecture; 2005-02

-Liu Binyi; Towards Contemporary Landscape Architecture; Time+Architecture; 1997-03

Landscape is focus too much on visible, and is easy to ignore the function, society and people’s feeling.

Landscape architecture is a discipline that integrates use the technic and artistic approach to create a wonderful outside living environment for human-being.

-Wang Shaozeng; Garden, Landscape and the Future of Chinese Landscape Architecture; Chinese Landscape Architecture, 2005-21(3)

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:image01.jpg|title and source
Image:image02.jpg|title and source
Image:image03.jpg|title and source
Image:image04.jpg|title and source
Image:image05.jpg|title and source
</gallery>

[[Category: Landscape Concept]]

China

2010-12-13T17:49:09Z

Avacoco: /* English translation */

'''[http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Assignment_4:_Landscape_Concepts_in_comparison#Landscape_Concepts_by_country Back to Assignment 4: Landscape Concepts by country]'''

== Landscape Concept 1 ==

by: ''Zhang,Kun''

=== Original ===

''
景观的含义

景观有四个层面的含义：

（1）景观作为视觉审美的对象：外在人眼中的景象；

（2）景观作为生活其中的栖息地：内在人的生活体验；

（3）景观作为系统：科学、客观地解读；

第一是景观与外部系统的关系。

第二是景观内部各元素之间的生态关系，即水平生态过程。

第三种生态关系，是景观元素内部的结构与功能的关系。

第四种生态关系则存在于生命与环境之间。

第五种生态关系则存在于人类与其环境之间的物质、营养及能量的关系。

（4）景观作为符号。景观作为符号的含义：人类理想与历史的书。

景观是审美的、景观是体验的、景观是科学的、景观是有含义的。

景观是自然及人类社会过程在土地上的烙印，是人与自然、人与人的关系以及人类理想与追求在大地上的投影。

'''参考文献'''

'''俞孔坚.景观的含义[J].时代建筑,2002,（1）:14-16.'''
''

=== English translation ===

''
The concept of the landscape

There are four levels of the landscape concept.

(1) landscape as a visual perceptual object: the external scene in our eyes.

(2) Landscapes as living places: the inner experience of human life.

(3) Landscapes as systems: scientifically and objectively interpreting.

The first is the relationship between landscape and external systems.

The second is the internal ecological relationships between the various elements, namely the level of ecological processes.

The third ecological relationship is the structure and function within the landscape elements.

The fourth ecological relationship exists between the life and the environment.

The fifth ecological relationship exists between human beings and their physical environment, nutrition and energy.

(4) Landscape as a symbol: the ideal and the history books of human beings.

Landscape is aesthetic, landscape is perceptual, landscape is scientific, landscape is meaningful.

Landscape is the imprint of human natural and social processes on the land; landscape is the projection of man and nature, human relations and the pursuit of human ideals in the earth.

'''Reference

'''[1]Yu Kongjian ,Meanings of landscape[J], Modern A rchitecture.2002,(1):14-16'''.'''
''

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:0fb650fe68035c725c6008ca.jpg|Hani Terrace in Yunnan Province in China

</gallery>

== Landscape Concept 2 ==

by: ''Please add your names here...''

=== Original ===

景观这个词过于强调视觉，容易忽视功能、社会以及人的其他感觉，由此已经带来了不少偏差。

风景园林是综合利用科学和艺术手段营造人类美好的室外生活境域的一个行业和一门学科。

-王绍增,园林景观与中国风景园林的未来

=== English translation ===

Landscape: Certain scenes which can cause some kind of visual experience or scenes which have specific characters in a certain region. Landscape includes all natural and artificial objective articles above the earth or in the universe. Landscape has the science art and culture properties.

-LIU Binyi; A study on the Developmental Strategy of Landscape Studies; Landscape Architecture; 2005-02

-Liu Binyi; Towards Contemporary Landscape Architecture; Time+Architecture; 1997-03

Landscape is focus too much on visible, and is easy to ignore the function, society and people’s feeling.

Landscape architecture is a discipline that integrates use the technic and artistic approach to create a wonderful outside living environment for human-being.

-Wang Shaozeng; Garden, Landscape and the Future of Chinese Landscape Architecture; Chinese Landscape Architecture, 2005-21(3)

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:image01.jpg|title and source
Image:image02.jpg|title and source
Image:image03.jpg|title and source
Image:image04.jpg|title and source
Image:image05.jpg|title and source
</gallery>

[[Category: Landscape Concept]]

China

2010-12-13T17:47:15Z

Avacoco: /* Original */

'''[http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Assignment_4:_Landscape_Concepts_in_comparison#Landscape_Concepts_by_country Back to Assignment 4: Landscape Concepts by country]'''

== Landscape Concept 1 ==

by: ''Zhang,Kun''

=== Original ===

''
景观的含义

景观有四个层面的含义：

（1）景观作为视觉审美的对象：外在人眼中的景象；

（2）景观作为生活其中的栖息地：内在人的生活体验；

（3）景观作为系统：科学、客观地解读；

第一是景观与外部系统的关系。

第二是景观内部各元素之间的生态关系，即水平生态过程。

第三种生态关系，是景观元素内部的结构与功能的关系。

第四种生态关系则存在于生命与环境之间。

第五种生态关系则存在于人类与其环境之间的物质、营养及能量的关系。

（4）景观作为符号。景观作为符号的含义：人类理想与历史的书。

景观是审美的、景观是体验的、景观是科学的、景观是有含义的。

景观是自然及人类社会过程在土地上的烙印，是人与自然、人与人的关系以及人类理想与追求在大地上的投影。

'''参考文献'''

'''俞孔坚.景观的含义[J].时代建筑,2002,（1）:14-16.'''
''

=== English translation ===

''
The concept of the landscape

There are four levels of the landscape concept.

(1) landscape as a visual perceptual object: the external scene in our eyes.

(2) Landscapes as living places: the inner experience of human life.

(3) Landscapes as systems: scientifically and objectively interpreting.

The first is the relationship between landscape and external systems.

The second is the internal ecological relationships between the various elements, namely the level of ecological processes.

The third ecological relationship is the structure and function within the landscape elements.

The fourth ecological relationship exists between the life and the environment.

The fifth ecological relationship exists between human beings and their physical environment, nutrition and energy.

(4) Landscape as a symbol: the ideal and the history books of human beings.

Landscape is aesthetic, landscape is perceptual, landscape is scientific, landscape is meaningful.

Landscape is the imprint of human natural and social processes on the land; landscape is the projection of man and nature, human relations and the pursuit of human ideals in the earth.

'''Reference

'''[1]Yu Kongjian ,Meanings of landscape[J], Modern A rchitecture.2002,(1):14-16'''.'''
''

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:0fb650fe68035c725c6008ca.jpg|Hani Terrace in Yunnan Province in China

</gallery>

== Landscape Concept 2 ==

by: ''Please add your names here...''

=== Original ===

景观这个词过于强调视觉，容易忽视功能、社会以及人的其他感觉，由此已经带来了不少偏差。

风景园林是综合利用科学和艺术手段营造人类美好的室外生活境域的一个行业和一门学科。

-王绍增,园林景观与中国风景园林的未来

=== English translation ===

''Please add your English translation here... If you want you can also add sample pictures underneath''

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:image01.jpg|title and source
Image:image02.jpg|title and source
Image:image03.jpg|title and source
Image:image04.jpg|title and source
Image:image05.jpg|title and source
</gallery>

[[Category: Landscape Concept]]

Netherlands

2010-12-13T17:39:01Z

Avacoco: /* English translation */

'''[http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Assignment_4:_Landscape_Concepts_in_comparison#Landscape_Concepts_by_country Back to Assignment 4: Landscape Concepts by country]'''

== Landscape Concept 1 ==

by: ''Please add your names here...''

=== Original ===

Sources of the landscape definitions:

Cultuurland

Agrarisch landschap in verandering

Den Haag, Ruimtelijk Planbureau, juni 2005

http://www.rivm.nl/bibliotheek/digitaaldepot/cultuurland.pdf

Het woordenboek Van Dale biedt opvallend eenvoudige en bruikbare omschrijvingen voor het begrip landschap: ‘de landelijke omgeving voor zover men die in een blik overziet, zoals zij zich in haar samenstel vertoont, de aanblik ervan’. Een andere formulering luidt: ‘een deel van de aardoppervlakte dat zich in grondstoffen, bewoning enz. van de aangrenzende delen als een zelfstandig geheel onderscheidt’. Voor deze studie hanteren wij de volgende definitie: een landschap is een samenhangend geheel gevormd door interactie tussen mens en natuur dat zich onderscheidt van aangrenzende delen, en in één blik is te overzien. In die omschrijving kunnen steden, watervlakken en ruige natuurgebieden ook als landschap gedefinieerd worden, mits het gebied maar uitgestrekt een ‘ander landschap’ Cultuurlandschap ‘(open) landschap dat door de werkzaamheden van de mens sterk veranderd is’. Die definitie van landschap maakt een onderscheid mogelijk tussen cultuur- en natuurlandschappen: de invloed van het menselijk handelen, al dan niet in interactie met de natuur, vormt de afbakening van het cultuurlandschap.

The performance of landscape concepts in spatial planning

Branding, bonding and bringing about

Janneke E. Hagens, 2010

http://edepot.wur.nl/156337

A first challenge in Dutch spatial planning is to overcome traditional landscape descriptions which ignore the inherent complexity and dynamics of landscapes (Habiforum 2003a-b). The most emblematic example of a traditional landscape description is a dichotomous and static description of rural and urban landscapes, which distorts complex reality. Spatial planners should, instead, develop ―an integrated approach to town and countryside‖ (Habiforum 2003b, p.5). Namely, ―[t]he space that makes up the Netherlands can be perceived as a system of networks, spatially connected with each other‖, which bind rural and urban landscapes together (ibid, p.24; cf. Hidding & Teunissen 2002). Describing the relationship between urban and rural landscapes is neither a new nor a typically Dutch spatial planning issue (see e.g. Williams 1975; Hidding 2006; Kūle 2008).

In line with these perspectives on landscape, I start by defining landscapes as: both a social and natural „product‟, which is continuously transformed by people into a new „product‟.
This definition implies that landscapes can range from almost abandoned landscapes to densely populated urban landscapes.

=== English translation ===

Dutch defenitions of the concept Landscape

Dictionary: Van Dale

Landscape: the rural environment, as far as people can see in one view.

Ruimtelijk Planbureau

Landscape: a connected whole made by interaction between nature and people, that can distinguish itself with boarding parts and you can have an overview in one view.

Hidding & Teunissen 2002

“The space that makes the Netherlands can be seen as a system of networks that are spatially connected with each other, which bind rural and urban landscapes together.”

J. Hagens 2010

Landscape: both a social and natural „product‟, which is continuously transformed by people into a new „product‟

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:image01.jpg|title and source
Image:image02.jpg|title and source
Image:image03.jpg|title and source
Image:image04.jpg|title and source
Image:image05.jpg|title and source
</gallery>

== Landscape Concept 2 ==

by: ''Please add your names here...''

=== Original ===

''Please add your concept of landscape in original language and the source here...''

=== English translation ===

''Please add your English translation here... If you want you can also add sample pictures underneath''

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:image01.jpg|title and source
Image:image02.jpg|title and source
Image:image03.jpg|title and source
Image:image04.jpg|title and source
Image:image05.jpg|title and source
</gallery>

[[Category: Landscape Concept]]

Netherlands

2010-12-13T17:38:43Z

Avacoco: /* English translation */

'''[http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Assignment_4:_Landscape_Concepts_in_comparison#Landscape_Concepts_by_country Back to Assignment 4: Landscape Concepts by country]'''

== Landscape Concept 1 ==

by: ''Please add your names here...''

=== Original ===

Sources of the landscape definitions:

Cultuurland

Agrarisch landschap in verandering

Den Haag, Ruimtelijk Planbureau, juni 2005

http://www.rivm.nl/bibliotheek/digitaaldepot/cultuurland.pdf

Het woordenboek Van Dale biedt opvallend eenvoudige en bruikbare omschrijvingen voor het begrip landschap: ‘de landelijke omgeving voor zover men die in een blik overziet, zoals zij zich in haar samenstel vertoont, de aanblik ervan’. Een andere formulering luidt: ‘een deel van de aardoppervlakte dat zich in grondstoffen, bewoning enz. van de aangrenzende delen als een zelfstandig geheel onderscheidt’. Voor deze studie hanteren wij de volgende definitie: een landschap is een samenhangend geheel gevormd door interactie tussen mens en natuur dat zich onderscheidt van aangrenzende delen, en in één blik is te overzien. In die omschrijving kunnen steden, watervlakken en ruige natuurgebieden ook als landschap gedefinieerd worden, mits het gebied maar uitgestrekt een ‘ander landschap’ Cultuurlandschap ‘(open) landschap dat door de werkzaamheden van de mens sterk veranderd is’. Die definitie van landschap maakt een onderscheid mogelijk tussen cultuur- en natuurlandschappen: de invloed van het menselijk handelen, al dan niet in interactie met de natuur, vormt de afbakening van het cultuurlandschap.

The performance of landscape concepts in spatial planning

Branding, bonding and bringing about

Janneke E. Hagens, 2010

http://edepot.wur.nl/156337

A first challenge in Dutch spatial planning is to overcome traditional landscape descriptions which ignore the inherent complexity and dynamics of landscapes (Habiforum 2003a-b). The most emblematic example of a traditional landscape description is a dichotomous and static description of rural and urban landscapes, which distorts complex reality. Spatial planners should, instead, develop ―an integrated approach to town and countryside‖ (Habiforum 2003b, p.5). Namely, ―[t]he space that makes up the Netherlands can be perceived as a system of networks, spatially connected with each other‖, which bind rural and urban landscapes together (ibid, p.24; cf. Hidding & Teunissen 2002). Describing the relationship between urban and rural landscapes is neither a new nor a typically Dutch spatial planning issue (see e.g. Williams 1975; Hidding 2006; Kūle 2008).

In line with these perspectives on landscape, I start by defining landscapes as: both a social and natural „product‟, which is continuously transformed by people into a new „product‟.
This definition implies that landscapes can range from almost abandoned landscapes to densely populated urban landscapes.

=== English translation ===

Dutch defenitions of the concept Landscape

Dictionary: Van Dale

Landscape: the rural environment, as far as people can see in one view.

Ruimtelijk Planbureau

Landscape: a connected whole made by interaction between nature and people, that can distinguish itself with boarding parts and you can have an overview in one view.

Hidding & Teunissen 2002

“The space that makes the Netherlands can be seen as a system of networks that are spatially connected with each other, which bind rural and urban landscapes together.”

J. Hagens 2010

Landscape: both a social and natural „product‟, which is continuously transformed by people into a new „product‟

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:image01.jpg|title and source
Image:image02.jpg|title and source
Image:image03.jpg|title and source
Image:image04.jpg|title and source
Image:image05.jpg|title and source
</gallery>

== Landscape Concept 2 ==

by: ''Please add your names here...''

=== Original ===

''Please add your concept of landscape in original language and the source here...''

=== English translation ===

''Please add your English translation here... If you want you can also add sample pictures underneath''

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:image01.jpg|title and source
Image:image02.jpg|title and source
Image:image03.jpg|title and source
Image:image04.jpg|title and source
Image:image05.jpg|title and source
</gallery>

[[Category: Landscape Concept]]

Netherlands

2010-12-13T17:38:11Z

Avacoco: /* English translation */

'''[http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Assignment_4:_Landscape_Concepts_in_comparison#Landscape_Concepts_by_country Back to Assignment 4: Landscape Concepts by country]'''

== Landscape Concept 1 ==

by: ''Please add your names here...''

=== Original ===

Sources of the landscape definitions:

Cultuurland

Agrarisch landschap in verandering

Den Haag, Ruimtelijk Planbureau, juni 2005

http://www.rivm.nl/bibliotheek/digitaaldepot/cultuurland.pdf

Het woordenboek Van Dale biedt opvallend eenvoudige en bruikbare omschrijvingen voor het begrip landschap: ‘de landelijke omgeving voor zover men die in een blik overziet, zoals zij zich in haar samenstel vertoont, de aanblik ervan’. Een andere formulering luidt: ‘een deel van de aardoppervlakte dat zich in grondstoffen, bewoning enz. van de aangrenzende delen als een zelfstandig geheel onderscheidt’. Voor deze studie hanteren wij de volgende definitie: een landschap is een samenhangend geheel gevormd door interactie tussen mens en natuur dat zich onderscheidt van aangrenzende delen, en in één blik is te overzien. In die omschrijving kunnen steden, watervlakken en ruige natuurgebieden ook als landschap gedefinieerd worden, mits het gebied maar uitgestrekt een ‘ander landschap’ Cultuurlandschap ‘(open) landschap dat door de werkzaamheden van de mens sterk veranderd is’. Die definitie van landschap maakt een onderscheid mogelijk tussen cultuur- en natuurlandschappen: de invloed van het menselijk handelen, al dan niet in interactie met de natuur, vormt de afbakening van het cultuurlandschap.

The performance of landscape concepts in spatial planning

Branding, bonding and bringing about

Janneke E. Hagens, 2010

http://edepot.wur.nl/156337

A first challenge in Dutch spatial planning is to overcome traditional landscape descriptions which ignore the inherent complexity and dynamics of landscapes (Habiforum 2003a-b). The most emblematic example of a traditional landscape description is a dichotomous and static description of rural and urban landscapes, which distorts complex reality. Spatial planners should, instead, develop ―an integrated approach to town and countryside‖ (Habiforum 2003b, p.5). Namely, ―[t]he space that makes up the Netherlands can be perceived as a system of networks, spatially connected with each other‖, which bind rural and urban landscapes together (ibid, p.24; cf. Hidding & Teunissen 2002). Describing the relationship between urban and rural landscapes is neither a new nor a typically Dutch spatial planning issue (see e.g. Williams 1975; Hidding 2006; Kūle 2008).

In line with these perspectives on landscape, I start by defining landscapes as: both a social and natural „product‟, which is continuously transformed by people into a new „product‟.
This definition implies that landscapes can range from almost abandoned landscapes to densely populated urban landscapes.

=== English translation ===

Dutch defenitions of the concept Landscape

Dictionary: Van Dale

Landscape: the rural environment, as far as people can see in one view.

Ruimtelijk Planbureau

Landscape: a connected whole made by interaction between nature and people, that can distinguish itself with boarding parts and you can have an overview in one view.

Hidding & Teunissen 2002

“The space that makes the Netherlands can be seen as a system of networks that are spatially connected with each other, which bind rural and urban landscapes together.”

J. Hagens 2010

Landscape: both a social and natural „product‟, which is continuously transformed by people into a new „product‟

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:image01.jpg|title and source
Image:image02.jpg|title and source
Image:image03.jpg|title and source
Image:image04.jpg|title and source
Image:image05.jpg|title and source
</gallery>

== Landscape Concept 2 ==

by: ''Please add your names here...''

=== Original ===

''Please add your concept of landscape in original language and the source here...''

=== English translation ===

''Please add your English translation here... If you want you can also add sample pictures underneath''

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:image01.jpg|title and source
Image:image02.jpg|title and source
Image:image03.jpg|title and source
Image:image04.jpg|title and source
Image:image05.jpg|title and source
</gallery>

[[Category: Landscape Concept]]

Netherlands

2010-12-13T17:36:48Z

Avacoco: /* Original */

'''[http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Assignment_4:_Landscape_Concepts_in_comparison#Landscape_Concepts_by_country Back to Assignment 4: Landscape Concepts by country]'''

== Landscape Concept 1 ==

by: ''Please add your names here...''

=== Original ===

Sources of the landscape definitions:

Cultuurland

Agrarisch landschap in verandering

Den Haag, Ruimtelijk Planbureau, juni 2005

http://www.rivm.nl/bibliotheek/digitaaldepot/cultuurland.pdf

Het woordenboek Van Dale biedt opvallend eenvoudige en bruikbare omschrijvingen voor het begrip landschap: ‘de landelijke omgeving voor zover men die in een blik overziet, zoals zij zich in haar samenstel vertoont, de aanblik ervan’. Een andere formulering luidt: ‘een deel van de aardoppervlakte dat zich in grondstoffen, bewoning enz. van de aangrenzende delen als een zelfstandig geheel onderscheidt’. Voor deze studie hanteren wij de volgende definitie: een landschap is een samenhangend geheel gevormd door interactie tussen mens en natuur dat zich onderscheidt van aangrenzende delen, en in één blik is te overzien. In die omschrijving kunnen steden, watervlakken en ruige natuurgebieden ook als landschap gedefinieerd worden, mits het gebied maar uitgestrekt een ‘ander landschap’ Cultuurlandschap ‘(open) landschap dat door de werkzaamheden van de mens sterk veranderd is’. Die definitie van landschap maakt een onderscheid mogelijk tussen cultuur- en natuurlandschappen: de invloed van het menselijk handelen, al dan niet in interactie met de natuur, vormt de afbakening van het cultuurlandschap.

The performance of landscape concepts in spatial planning

Branding, bonding and bringing about

Janneke E. Hagens, 2010

http://edepot.wur.nl/156337

A first challenge in Dutch spatial planning is to overcome traditional landscape descriptions which ignore the inherent complexity and dynamics of landscapes (Habiforum 2003a-b). The most emblematic example of a traditional landscape description is a dichotomous and static description of rural and urban landscapes, which distorts complex reality. Spatial planners should, instead, develop ―an integrated approach to town and countryside‖ (Habiforum 2003b, p.5). Namely, ―[t]he space that makes up the Netherlands can be perceived as a system of networks, spatially connected with each other‖, which bind rural and urban landscapes together (ibid, p.24; cf. Hidding & Teunissen 2002). Describing the relationship between urban and rural landscapes is neither a new nor a typically Dutch spatial planning issue (see e.g. Williams 1975; Hidding 2006; Kūle 2008).

In line with these perspectives on landscape, I start by defining landscapes as: both a social and natural „product‟, which is continuously transformed by people into a new „product‟.
This definition implies that landscapes can range from almost abandoned landscapes to densely populated urban landscapes.

=== English translation ===

''Please add your English translation here... If you want you can also add sample pictures underneath''

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:image01.jpg|title and source
Image:image02.jpg|title and source
Image:image03.jpg|title and source
Image:image04.jpg|title and source
Image:image05.jpg|title and source
</gallery>

== Landscape Concept 2 ==

by: ''Please add your names here...''

=== Original ===

''Please add your concept of landscape in original language and the source here...''

=== English translation ===

''Please add your English translation here... If you want you can also add sample pictures underneath''

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:image01.jpg|title and source
Image:image02.jpg|title and source
Image:image03.jpg|title and source
Image:image04.jpg|title and source
Image:image05.jpg|title and source
</gallery>

[[Category: Landscape Concept]]

Netherlands

2010-12-13T17:36:18Z

Avacoco: /* Original */

'''[http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Assignment_4:_Landscape_Concepts_in_comparison#Landscape_Concepts_by_country Back to Assignment 4: Landscape Concepts by country]'''

== Landscape Concept 1 ==

by: ''Please add your names here...''

=== Original ===

Sources of the landscape definitions:
Cultuurland
Agrarisch landschap in verandering

Den Haag, Ruimtelijk Planbureau, juni 2005

http://www.rivm.nl/bibliotheek/digitaaldepot/cultuurland.pdf

Het woordenboek Van Dale biedt opvallend eenvoudige en bruikbare omschrijvingen voor het begrip landschap: ‘de landelijke omgeving voor zover men die in een blik overziet, zoals zij zich in haar samenstel vertoont, de aanblik ervan’. Een andere formulering luidt: ‘een deel van de aardoppervlakte dat zich in grondstoffen, bewoning enz. van de aangrenzende delen als een zelfstandig geheel onderscheidt’. Voor deze studie hanteren wij de volgende definitie: een landschap is een samenhangend geheel gevormd door interactie tussen mens en natuur dat zich onderscheidt van aangrenzende delen, en in één blik is te overzien. In die omschrijving kunnen steden, watervlakken en ruige natuurgebieden ook als landschap gedefinieerd worden, mits het gebied maar uitgestrekt een ‘ander landschap’ Cultuurlandschap ‘(open) landschap dat door de werkzaamheden van de mens sterk veranderd is’. Die definitie van landschap maakt een onderscheid mogelijk tussen cultuur- en natuurlandschappen: de invloed van het menselijk handelen, al dan niet in interactie met de natuur, vormt de afbakening van het cultuurlandschap.

The performance of landscape concepts in spatial planning
Branding, bonding and bringing about

Janneke E. Hagens, 2010

http://edepot.wur.nl/156337

A first challenge in Dutch spatial planning is to overcome traditional landscape descriptions which ignore the inherent complexity and dynamics of landscapes (Habiforum 2003a-b). The most emblematic example of a traditional landscape description is a dichotomous and static description of rural and urban landscapes, which distorts complex reality. Spatial planners should, instead, develop ―an integrated approach to town and countryside‖ (Habiforum 2003b, p.5). Namely, ―[t]he space that makes up the Netherlands can be perceived as a system of networks, spatially connected with each other‖, which bind rural and urban landscapes together (ibid, p.24; cf. Hidding & Teunissen 2002). Describing the relationship between urban and rural landscapes is neither a new nor a typically Dutch spatial planning issue (see e.g. Williams 1975; Hidding 2006; Kūle 2008).

In line with these perspectives on landscape, I start by defining landscapes as: both a social and natural „product‟, which is continuously transformed by people into a new „product‟.
This definition implies that landscapes can range from almost abandoned landscapes to densely populated urban landscapes.

=== English translation ===

''Please add your English translation here... If you want you can also add sample pictures underneath''

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:image01.jpg|title and source
Image:image02.jpg|title and source
Image:image03.jpg|title and source
Image:image04.jpg|title and source
Image:image05.jpg|title and source
</gallery>

== Landscape Concept 2 ==

by: ''Please add your names here...''

=== Original ===

''Please add your concept of landscape in original language and the source here...''

=== English translation ===

''Please add your English translation here... If you want you can also add sample pictures underneath''

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:image01.jpg|title and source
Image:image02.jpg|title and source
Image:image03.jpg|title and source
Image:image04.jpg|title and source
Image:image05.jpg|title and source
</gallery>

[[Category: Landscape Concept]]

Netherlands

2010-12-13T17:36:01Z

Avacoco: /* Original */

'''[http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Assignment_4:_Landscape_Concepts_in_comparison#Landscape_Concepts_by_country Back to Assignment 4: Landscape Concepts by country]'''

== Landscape Concept 1 ==

by: ''Please add your names here...''

=== Original ===

Sources of the landscape definitions:
Cultuurland
Agrarisch landschap in verandering

Den Haag, Ruimtelijk Planbureau, juni 2005

http://www.rivm.nl/bibliotheek/digitaaldepot/cultuurland.pdf

Het woordenboek Van Dale biedt opvallend eenvoudige en bruikbare omschrijvingen voor het begrip landschap: ‘de landelijke omgeving voor zover men die in een blik overziet, zoals zij zich in haar samenstel vertoont, de aanblik ervan’. Een andere formulering luidt: ‘een deel van de aardoppervlakte dat zich in grondstoffen, bewoning enz. van de aangrenzende delen als een zelfstandig geheel onderscheidt’. Voor deze studie hanteren wij de volgende definitie: een landschap is een samenhangend geheel gevormd door interactie tussen mens en natuur dat zich onderscheidt van aangrenzende delen, en in één blik is te overzien. In die omschrijving kunnen steden, watervlakken en ruige natuurgebieden ook als landschap gedefinieerd worden, mits het gebied maar uitgestrekt een ‘ander landschap’ Cultuurlandschap ‘(open) landschap dat door de werkzaamheden van de mens sterk veranderd is’. Die definitie van landschap maakt een onderscheid mogelijk tussen cultuur- en natuurlandschappen: de invloed van het menselijk handelen, al dan niet in interactie met de natuur, vormt de afbakening van het cultuurlandschap.

The performance of landscape concepts in spatial planning
Branding, bonding and bringing about

Janneke E. Hagens, 2010

http://edepot.wur.nl/156337

A first challenge in Dutch spatial planning is to overcome traditional landscape descriptions which ignore the inherent complexity and dynamics of landscapes (Habiforum 2003a-b). The most emblematic example of a traditional landscape description is a dichotomous and static description of rural and urban landscapes, which distorts complex reality. Spatial planners should, instead, develop ―an integrated approach to town and countryside‖ (Habiforum 2003b, p.5). Namely, ―[t]he space that makes up the Netherlands can be perceived as a system of networks, spatially connected with each other‖, which bind rural and urban landscapes together (ibid, p.24; cf. Hidding & Teunissen 2002). Describing the relationship between urban and rural landscapes is neither a new nor a typically Dutch spatial planning issue (see e.g. Williams 1975; Hidding 2006; Kūle 2008).

In line with these perspectives on landscape, I start by defining landscapes as: both a social and natural „product‟, which is continuously transformed by people into a new „product‟.
This definition implies that landscapes can range from almost abandoned landscapes to densely populated urban landscapes.

=== English translation ===

''Please add your English translation here... If you want you can also add sample pictures underneath''

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:image01.jpg|title and source
Image:image02.jpg|title and source
Image:image03.jpg|title and source
Image:image04.jpg|title and source
Image:image05.jpg|title and source
</gallery>

== Landscape Concept 2 ==

by: ''Please add your names here...''

=== Original ===

''Please add your concept of landscape in original language and the source here...''

=== English translation ===

''Please add your English translation here... If you want you can also add sample pictures underneath''

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:image01.jpg|title and source
Image:image02.jpg|title and source
Image:image03.jpg|title and source
Image:image04.jpg|title and source
Image:image05.jpg|title and source
</gallery>

[[Category: Landscape Concept]]

Netherlands

2010-12-13T17:35:12Z

Avacoco: /* Original */

'''[http://draco.hfwu.de/~wikienfk5/index.php/Assignment_4:_Landscape_Concepts_in_comparison#Landscape_Concepts_by_country Back to Assignment 4: Landscape Concepts by country]'''

== Landscape Concept 1 ==

by: ''Please add your names here...''

=== Original ===

Sources of the landscape definitions:
Cultuurland
Agrarisch landschap in verandering
Den Haag, Ruimtelijk Planbureau, juni 2005
http://www.rivm.nl/bibliotheek/digitaaldepot/cultuurland.pdf
Het woordenboek Van Dale biedt opvallend eenvoudige en bruikbare omschrijvingen voor het begrip landschap: ‘de landelijke omgeving voor zover men die in een blik overziet, zoals zij zich in haar samenstel vertoont, de aanblik ervan’. Een andere formulering luidt: ‘een deel van de aardoppervlakte dat zich in grondstoffen, bewoning enz. van de aangrenzende delen als een zelfstandig geheel onderscheidt’. Voor deze studie hanteren wij de volgende definitie: een landschap is een samenhangend geheel gevormd door interactie tussen mens en natuur dat zich onderscheidt van aangrenzende delen, en in één blik is te overzien. In die omschrijving kunnen steden, watervlakken en ruige natuurgebieden ook als landschap gedefinieerd worden, mits het gebied maar uitgestrekt een ‘ander landschap’ Cultuurlandschap ‘(open) landschap dat door de werkzaamheden van de mens sterk veranderd is’. Die definitie van landschap maakt een onderscheid mogelijk tussen cultuur- en natuurlandschappen: de invloed van het menselijk handelen, al dan niet in interactie met de natuur, vormt de afbakening van het cultuurlandschap.

The performance of landscape concepts in spatial planning
Branding, bonding and bringing about
Janneke E. Hagens, 2010
http://edepot.wur.nl/156337

A first challenge in Dutch spatial planning is to overcome traditional landscape descriptions which ignore the inherent complexity and dynamics of landscapes (Habiforum 2003a-b). The most emblematic example of a traditional landscape description is a dichotomous and static description of rural and urban landscapes, which distorts complex reality. Spatial planners should, instead, develop ―an integrated approach to town and countryside‖ (Habiforum 2003b, p.5). Namely, ―[t]he space that makes up the Netherlands can be perceived as a system of networks, spatially connected with each other‖, which bind rural and urban landscapes together (ibid, p.24; cf. Hidding & Teunissen 2002). Describing the relationship between urban and rural landscapes is neither a new nor a typically Dutch spatial planning issue (see e.g. Williams 1975; Hidding 2006; Kūle 2008).

In line with these perspectives on landscape, I start by defining landscapes as: both a social and natural „product‟, which is continuously transformed by people into a new „product‟.
This definition implies that landscapes can range from almost abandoned landscapes to densely populated urban landscapes.

=== English translation ===

''Please add your English translation here... If you want you can also add sample pictures underneath''

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:image01.jpg|title and source
Image:image02.jpg|title and source
Image:image03.jpg|title and source
Image:image04.jpg|title and source
Image:image05.jpg|title and source
</gallery>

== Landscape Concept 2 ==

by: ''Please add your names here...''

=== Original ===

''Please add your concept of landscape in original language and the source here...''

=== English translation ===

''Please add your English translation here... If you want you can also add sample pictures underneath''

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:image01.jpg|title and source
Image:image02.jpg|title and source
Image:image03.jpg|title and source
Image:image04.jpg|title and source
Image:image05.jpg|title and source
</gallery>

[[Category: Landscape Concept]]

Future Landscapes Group 1

2010-11-26T16:31:55Z

Avacoco: /* Synthesis and Outlook */

--> Back to [[Assignment_3:_Future_landscapes|overview of assignment 3]]

== Case Studies ==
=== [[Case Study Clemson 1]] ===
=== [[Case Study Wageningen]] ===

== Core Questions ==
''Attention: this is a dynamic page list, the answers written in your case studies will appear automatically here. Do not edit this second paragraph.''

=== In how far does this project reveal your concept of future landscapes? ===

<DPL>
category=Future Landscapes Group 1 Case Study
mode=ordered
include = #Core Question 1: In how far does this project reveal your concept of future landscapes?
</DPL>

=== What is the role of landscape architecture in this project? ===

<DPL>
category=Future Landscapes Group 1 Case Study
mode=ordered
include = #Core Question 2: What is the role of landscape architecture in this project?
</DPL>

== Comparative Analysis ==
*Which major similarities and differences could you identify in those two case studies?

*Clemson- Natural processes and functions played an important concept of the Lanxmeer project. It valued sustainable initiatives en masse along with the design parameters while the Buffalo Bayou project sought to reclaim land for public use as the leading design characteristic. The synthesis of the Lanxmeer project sought to keep natural systems along the water radiating out in concentric layers of design and program that extending into the residential units. The entire planned area was to function as one sustainable operating unit, with sustainable features such as water reclamation, solar power and citizen input as a way to be included in this cutting edge sustainable development. The Buffalo Bayou in Houston was part of a drainage system that had been neglected for years and sought a more pragmatic approach for providing citizens with open space, with sustainable elements added during the design. Thus, the design of the Buffalo Bayou stops at its borders and does not incorporate a sustainable radius that citizens living in its vicinity feel they have to continue the sustainable trend. With this in mind, both projects stem outward from a water feature, which is suggestive of human nature being gravitated towards water. Awareness about the environment seems to stem from Buffalo Bayou by citizens witnessing it afterwards, while the Lanxmeer project had sustainable awareness going into its design parameters.

*Wageningen- The historical river and the high way infrastructure are the important base for the Buffalo Bayou Park. The recreation is the main function of the project which is in the dense urban area. People like there because the river side landscape and green area afford them the space for outdoor activities. However we get the opinion that place doesn't have the function of ecology. Because we have not seen any biodiversity of species of plants or animals there according to the pictures. And a lot of hard edges along the river are obviously unecological.In our opinion of future landscape the real ecology and sustinability are the main values. So the balance between nature and human should be respected. While in big city there is problem about in how far we can balance them.The restricted space and pressure under development are the key obstacles in creating ecological spaces. This project is good for recreation but not so ecological and sustainable.
*In comparison with EVA Lanxmeer project, the Buffalo Bayou park is more urban. They have different location, context and functions. Buffalo Bayou focuses much more on the recreation for citizens. While EVA Lanxmeer puts more attention on creating an environmental friendly community.

''Please write your thoughts here''

== Synthesis and Outlook ==

*Clemson- One of the items that jumped at our group immediately was the phrase genius loci, highlighting the importance of the analysis that this group had taken into account. It is amazing to see all of the history in a site in the Netherlands when compared to that of the United States, with European settlement of our country spanning only a few short centuries when compared to millennia of documented history. The term in itself, genius loci refers that an extended amount of time has been allocated towards studying and taking into account all of the site’s context. It sounds much more studious than the term we usually use, which is site analysis. The forceful language of the history and dynamics asserts that the designer has designated both history and urban design by laying out key design elements of how the area was settled. Although the group highlighted in their case study the importance of public participation, it was interesting to see how an arbiter can be brought in to make executive decisions within this framework. The group highlighted in their second part how the public was brought in and consulted versus the second of these two public participation models. This was interesting to note as how we here in the United States only have a regulated charrette process which gauges public output but is formulated to keep the design process moving forward in an expeditious manner.

*Wageningen-The public participation in the EVA Lanxmeer is based on the a specific foundation with a lot of scientists and professional persons. The process of design includes a long term discussion and debating. Therefore every part of the design comes from deliberate thinking and supported by most future residents. Further, the people living there should sign a contact about the principle for the future eco living activities before they move there. So it is not only a design but a process from the creation of the concepts to the implementation of project and rules.

*We find the meanings of ecology and nature in the projects are quite different from those in EVA　Lanxmeer. We really like to know what is the idea of ecology and nature in your future landscape would be. In our views ecology is not only use the nature elements but make a place for an eco-system which can develope itself and find its own balance.

''please write your thoughts here, you may add concept maps and sketches.''

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

[[Category:Assignment Future Landscapes]]

Future Landscapes Group 1

2010-11-26T16:15:28Z

Avacoco: /* Synthesis and Outlook */

--> Back to [[Assignment_3:_Future_landscapes|overview of assignment 3]]

== Case Studies ==
=== [[Case Study Clemson 1]] ===
=== [[Case Study Wageningen]] ===

== Core Questions ==
''Attention: this is a dynamic page list, the answers written in your case studies will appear automatically here. Do not edit this second paragraph.''

=== In how far does this project reveal your concept of future landscapes? ===

<DPL>
category=Future Landscapes Group 1 Case Study
mode=ordered
include = #Core Question 1: In how far does this project reveal your concept of future landscapes?
</DPL>

=== What is the role of landscape architecture in this project? ===

<DPL>
category=Future Landscapes Group 1 Case Study
mode=ordered
include = #Core Question 2: What is the role of landscape architecture in this project?
</DPL>

== Comparative Analysis ==
*Which major similarities and differences could you identify in those two case studies?

*Clemson- Natural processes and functions played an important concept of the Lanxmeer project. It valued sustainable initiatives en masse along with the design parameters while the Buffalo Bayou project sought to reclaim land for public use as the leading design characteristic. The synthesis of the Lanxmeer project sought to keep natural systems along the water radiating out in concentric layers of design and program that extending into the residential units. The entire planned area was to function as one sustainable operating unit, with sustainable features such as water reclamation, solar power and citizen input as a way to be included in this cutting edge sustainable development. The Buffalo Bayou in Houston was part of a drainage system that had been neglected for years and sought a more pragmatic approach for providing citizens with open space, with sustainable elements added during the design. Thus, the design of the Buffalo Bayou stops at its borders and does not incorporate a sustainable radius that citizens living in its vicinity feel they have to continue the sustainable trend. With this in mind, both projects stem outward from a water feature, which is suggestive of human nature being gravitated towards water. Awareness about the environment seems to stem from Buffalo Bayou by citizens witnessing it afterwards, while the Lanxmeer project had sustainable awareness going into its design parameters.

*Wageningen- The historical river and the high way infrastructure are the important base for the Buffalo Bayou Park. The recreation is the main function of the project which is in the dense urban area. People like there because the river side landscape and green area afford them the space for outdoor activities. However we get the opinion that place doesn't have the function of ecology. Because we have not seen any biodiversity of species of plants or animals there according to the pictures. And a lot of hard edges along the river are obviously unecological.In our opinion of future landscape the real ecology and sustinability are the main values. So the balance between nature and human should be respected. While in big city there is problem about in how far we can balance them.The restricted space and pressure under development are the key obstacles in creating ecological spaces. This project is good for recreation but not so ecological and sustainable.
*In comparison with EVA Lanxmeer project, the Buffalo Bayou park is more urban. They have different location, context and functions. Buffalo Bayou focuses much more on the recreation for citizens. While EVA Lanxmeer puts more attention on creating an environmental friendly community.

''Please write your thoughts here''

== Synthesis and Outlook ==

*Clemson- One of the items that jumped at our group immediately was the phrase genius loci, highlighting the importance of the analysis that this group had taken into account. It is amazing to see all of the history in a site in the Netherlands when compared to that of the United States, with European settlement of our country spanning only a few short centuries when compared to millennia of documented history. The term in itself, genius loci refers that an extended amount of time has been allocated towards studying and taking into account all of the site’s context. It sounds much more studious than the term we usually use, which is site analysis. The forceful language of the history and dynamics asserts that the designer has designated both history and urban design by laying out key design elements of how the area was settled. Although the group highlighted in their case study the importance of public participation, it was interesting to see how an arbiter can be brought in to make executive decisions within this framework. The group highlighted in their second part how the public was brought in and consulted versus the second of these two public participation models. This was interesting to note as how we here in the United States only have a regulated charrette process which gauges public output but is formulated to keep the design process moving forward in an expeditious manner.

*Wageningen-We find the meanings of ecology and nature in the projects are quite different from those in EVA　Lanxmeer.

''please write your thoughts here, you may add concept maps and sketches.''

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

[[Category:Assignment Future Landscapes]]

Future Landscapes Group 1

2010-11-26T16:10:33Z

Avacoco: /* Comparative Analysis */

--> Back to [[Assignment_3:_Future_landscapes|overview of assignment 3]]

== Case Studies ==
=== [[Case Study Clemson 1]] ===
=== [[Case Study Wageningen]] ===

== Core Questions ==
''Attention: this is a dynamic page list, the answers written in your case studies will appear automatically here. Do not edit this second paragraph.''

=== In how far does this project reveal your concept of future landscapes? ===

<DPL>
category=Future Landscapes Group 1 Case Study
mode=ordered
include = #Core Question 1: In how far does this project reveal your concept of future landscapes?
</DPL>

=== What is the role of landscape architecture in this project? ===

<DPL>
category=Future Landscapes Group 1 Case Study
mode=ordered
include = #Core Question 2: What is the role of landscape architecture in this project?
</DPL>

== Comparative Analysis ==
*Which major similarities and differences could you identify in those two case studies?

*Clemson- Natural processes and functions played an important concept of the Lanxmeer project. It valued sustainable initiatives en masse along with the design parameters while the Buffalo Bayou project sought to reclaim land for public use as the leading design characteristic. The synthesis of the Lanxmeer project sought to keep natural systems along the water radiating out in concentric layers of design and program that extending into the residential units. The entire planned area was to function as one sustainable operating unit, with sustainable features such as water reclamation, solar power and citizen input as a way to be included in this cutting edge sustainable development. The Buffalo Bayou in Houston was part of a drainage system that had been neglected for years and sought a more pragmatic approach for providing citizens with open space, with sustainable elements added during the design. Thus, the design of the Buffalo Bayou stops at its borders and does not incorporate a sustainable radius that citizens living in its vicinity feel they have to continue the sustainable trend. With this in mind, both projects stem outward from a water feature, which is suggestive of human nature being gravitated towards water. Awareness about the environment seems to stem from Buffalo Bayou by citizens witnessing it afterwards, while the Lanxmeer project had sustainable awareness going into its design parameters.

*Wageningen- The historical river and the high way infrastructure are the important base for the Buffalo Bayou Park. The recreation is the main function of the project which is in the dense urban area. People like there because the river side landscape and green area afford them the space for outdoor activities. However we get the opinion that place doesn't have the function of ecology. Because we have not seen any biodiversity of species of plants or animals there according to the pictures. And a lot of hard edges along the river are obviously unecological.In our opinion of future landscape the real ecology and sustinability are the main values. So the balance between nature and human should be respected. While in big city there is problem about in how far we can balance them.The restricted space and pressure under development are the key obstacles in creating ecological spaces. This project is good for recreation but not so ecological and sustainable.
*In comparison with EVA Lanxmeer project, the Buffalo Bayou park is more urban. They have different location, context and functions. Buffalo Bayou focuses much more on the recreation for citizens. While EVA Lanxmeer puts more attention on creating an environmental friendly community.

''Please write your thoughts here''

== Synthesis and Outlook ==

*Clemson- One of the items that jumped at our group immediately was the phrase genius loci, highlighting the importance of the analysis that this group had taken into account. It is amazing to see all of the history in a site in the Netherlands when compared to that of the United States, with European settlement of our country spanning only a few short centuries when compared to millennia of documented history. The term in itself, genius loci refers that an extended amount of time has been allocated towards studying and taking into account all of the site’s context. It sounds much more studious than the term we usually use, which is site analysis. The forceful language of the history and dynamics asserts that the designer has designated both history and urban design by laying out key design elements of how the area was settled. Although the group highlighted in their case study the importance of public participation, it was interesting to see how an arbiter can be brought in to make executive decisions within this framework. The group highlighted in their second part how the public was brought in and consulted versus the second of these two public participation models. This was interesting to note as how we here in the United States only have a regulated charrette process which gauges public output but is formulated to keep the design process moving forward in an expeditious manner.

''please write your thoughts here, you may add concept maps and sketches.''

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

[[Category:Assignment Future Landscapes]]

Future Landscapes Group 1

2010-11-26T16:10:10Z

Avacoco: /* Comparative Analysis */

--> Back to [[Assignment_3:_Future_landscapes|overview of assignment 3]]

== Case Studies ==
=== [[Case Study Clemson 1]] ===
=== [[Case Study Wageningen]] ===

== Core Questions ==
''Attention: this is a dynamic page list, the answers written in your case studies will appear automatically here. Do not edit this second paragraph.''

=== In how far does this project reveal your concept of future landscapes? ===

<DPL>
category=Future Landscapes Group 1 Case Study
mode=ordered
include = #Core Question 1: In how far does this project reveal your concept of future landscapes?
</DPL>

=== What is the role of landscape architecture in this project? ===

<DPL>
category=Future Landscapes Group 1 Case Study
mode=ordered
include = #Core Question 2: What is the role of landscape architecture in this project?
</DPL>

== Comparative Analysis ==
*Which major similarities and differences could you identify in those two case studies?

*Clemson- Natural processes and functions played an important concept of the Lanxmeer project. It valued sustainable initiatives en masse along with the design parameters while the Buffalo Bayou project sought to reclaim land for public use as the leading design characteristic. The synthesis of the Lanxmeer project sought to keep natural systems along the water radiating out in concentric layers of design and program that extending into the residential units. The entire planned area was to function as one sustainable operating unit, with sustainable features such as water reclamation, solar power and citizen input as a way to be included in this cutting edge sustainable development. The Buffalo Bayou in Houston was part of a drainage system that had been neglected for years and sought a more pragmatic approach for providing citizens with open space, with sustainable elements added during the design. Thus, the design of the Buffalo Bayou stops at its borders and does not incorporate a sustainable radius that citizens living in its vicinity feel they have to continue the sustainable trend. With this in mind, both projects stem outward from a water feature, which is suggestive of human nature being gravitated towards water. Awareness about the environment seems to stem from Buffalo Bayou by citizens witnessing it afterwards, while the Lanxmeer project had sustainable awareness going into its design parameters.

*Wageningen- The historical river and the high way infrastructure are the important base for the Buffalo Bayou Park. The recreation is the main function of the project which is in the dense urban area. People like there because the river side landscape and green area afford them the space for outdoor activities. However we get the opinion that place doesn't have the function of ecology. Because we have not seen any biodiversity of species of plants or animals there according to the pictures. And a lot of hard edges along the river are obviously unecological.In our opinion of future landscape the real ecology and sustinability are the main values. So the balance between nature and human should be respected. While in big city there is problem about in how far we can balance them.The restricted space and pressure under development are the key obstacles in creating ecological spaces. This project is good for recreation but not so ecological and sustainable.
In comparison with EVA Lanxmeer project, the Buffalo Bayou park is more urban. They have different location, context and functions. Buffalo Bayou focuses much more on the recreation for citizens. While EVA Lanxmeer puts more attention on creating an environmental friendly community.

''Please write your thoughts here''

== Synthesis and Outlook ==

*Clemson- One of the items that jumped at our group immediately was the phrase genius loci, highlighting the importance of the analysis that this group had taken into account. It is amazing to see all of the history in a site in the Netherlands when compared to that of the United States, with European settlement of our country spanning only a few short centuries when compared to millennia of documented history. The term in itself, genius loci refers that an extended amount of time has been allocated towards studying and taking into account all of the site’s context. It sounds much more studious than the term we usually use, which is site analysis. The forceful language of the history and dynamics asserts that the designer has designated both history and urban design by laying out key design elements of how the area was settled. Although the group highlighted in their case study the importance of public participation, it was interesting to see how an arbiter can be brought in to make executive decisions within this framework. The group highlighted in their second part how the public was brought in and consulted versus the second of these two public participation models. This was interesting to note as how we here in the United States only have a regulated charrette process which gauges public output but is formulated to keep the design process moving forward in an expeditious manner.

''please write your thoughts here, you may add concept maps and sketches.''

[[#toc|'''Back to top''']]

[[Category:Assignment Future Landscapes]]

Talk:Case Study Clemson 1

2010-11-23T19:47:52Z

Avacoco:

According to your information about the project, we think it is a nice recreational place for citizens to enjoy. And it is cherished
place to maintain. But we would like to know how it connect with the context and how does it control the possible flooding situation?

In order to create urban recreation area, landscape architecture should function not only in transportation field but also in the ecological ways. Further, they also need to afford local people place to have their recreational activities. In this project , we can see it meets the citizen's requirements and integrates the ecology in urban places.

Talk:Case Study Clemson 1

2010-11-23T19:33:44Z

Avacoco: New page: According to your information about the project, we think it is a nice recreational place for citizens to enjoy. And it is charish place to maintain. But we would like to know how it conne...

According to your information about the project, we think it is a nice recreational place for citizens to enjoy. And it is charish place to maintain. But we would like to know how it connect with the context and how does it control the possible flooding situation?

Case Study Wageningen

2010-11-21T18:49:14Z

Avacoco: /* Image Gallery */

---> back to overview of [[Future Landscapes Group 1]]

'''add your case study title''' by ''add authors''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''EVA Lanxmeer''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Culemborg''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Netherlands''
|-
| '''Office''' || style="background:Lavender"|''A dynamic interdisciplinary process ''
|-
| '''Client''' || style="background:Lavender"|''E.V.A. foundation''
|-
| '''Completion''' || style="background:Lavender"|''2000 start building, 2005 end building''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Fig.1_Map.jpg‎|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| <googlemap version="0.9" lat="52.09" lon="5.349" type="satellite" zoom="9" width="300" height="250">
</googlemap>
|}

=== Core Question 1: In how far does this project reveal your concept of future landscapes? ===

In our opinion, future landscape should be eco friendly and sustainable mingled with profund public participation. While it also should have aesthetic values and various kinds of spaces to afford users' recreational demands.
EVA Lanxmeer just has all the characters as we mention above. So we choose this built project as the future landscape.

=== Landscape and/or urban context===
'''''Biogeography:'''''
*Located in the town of Culemborg in Netherlands
*Culemborg is in the center of the Netherlands and situated in the south of Lek River (the map is shown in Fig.1_Map.jpg‎)

'''''Overall character:'''''
*'''Environmentally-friendly-housing development'''
*'''Ecotown'''
*'''Sustainability:''' Sustainability plays an important role in this project. The organizations of EVA Lanxmeer use many methods to achieve the principle, like using sustainable materials, building many recreation facilities. Among these recreation facilities, water system is one of the most important part.
*'''Genius Loci:''' The structure of the urban plan is mainly based on the record of the existing landscape. The polder Lanxmeer covers various historic items. Firstly, an ancient river bed crosses the area. Also, it covers archaeological findings from the Roman era. Not only to preserve this landscape, but also to use the natural conditions for (short periods, seasonal) water storage special attention was paid for the implementation of the landscape elements in the project.
*'''Community participation'''
*'''Creative design process:''' bottom-up. The Lanxmeer project was initiated by the E.V.A. Foundation in 1994. The Lanxmeer concept was developed by a group of scientists having diverse backgrounds. Some of them were already keen to settle in Lanxmeer. The network grew quickly and a group of future inhabitants was created and regularly met to co-create the foundations of the project. In 1996, 80 families had already subscribed, having a positive impact on the elected representatives of Culemborg municipality. The future inhabitants participated in several workshops; additionally an Urban Development Plan was drafted in dialogue with (future) residents and users.
Following a ‘sustainable development’ training course and being aware of the wide interest of possible future residents, Culemborg municipality took interest in the project. Today, Lanxmeer is a co-production of Culemborg municipality and E.V.A. Foundation.

'''''History and dynamics:'''''
*Culemborg was received city rights in 1315.
*In Joannes Blaeu's map of 1649, Culemborg remains entirely enclosed by walls behind its city moat-like encircling canals. The moated castle stands outside the city walls. Houses present a united front along streets and the two canals that cut the city in three sections, but they all face gardens behind, and market gardens are plentiful within the city walls.
*In 1995, Culemborg was one of the cities which were temporarily evacuated because of the risk of flooding. (the map is shown in Fig.2_Old_map_of_Culemborg_in_1649.jpg)

=== Cultural/social/political context===
*Brief explanation of culture, political economy, legal framework

'''''Culture and politics'''''

* Nowadays people in Netherlands are fighting for spaces. What to do with it? Should we build houses, make nature or place companies? The Netherland is quite small, so we try to think about the choices before changing the landscape and it’s functions. At the moment are people getting more aware of nature and environment. People want space for recreation in a beautiful landscape that is formed by culture and nature. They would like to be more sustainable, but don’t know how to change their habits. The government is trying to influence these habits by stimulating several kinds of projects. Like separation of waste and recycling, or green energy projects.

* The Eva lanxmeer project was stimulated to develope in certain ways. They got money from the German Ministry for Education, Science, Technology and Research because they chose Eva Lanxmeer as an European demonstration project. The Dutch Ministry for Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment provided subsidies and the project also got some stimulation funds for Architecture.

* It is also because people are getting more aware of nature, food production, energy systems and water problems, that there is a mark for this kind of sustainable housing projects. It is a good example to inspiration on the citizen’s initiatives.

* In Netherlands there are generally spoken 2 models of decision making:
'''referee model''', in which one person or group decides a matter when there is a conflict, this model places the problem at the opposing individuals and interest groups.
'''interaction model''', in which all “partners” in the process have to agree with the decision, in this model the decision makers are the cause the problems.
With the Eva lanxmeer project the second model for decision making was used. All partners had to declare their willingness at certain points. This participation model is growing in Netherlands, A thing of which we think that should be developed and improved in the future.

=== Spatial analysis of area/project/plan===
*'''''What are the main structural features?'''''

Lanxmeer consists of 250 dwellings, 40.000 m2 of offices and business units, an urban ecological farm, an information centre, wellness centre, congress centre, bars, restaurants and a hotel.(1) (The layout is shown as picture Eva-1)

*'''''How has it been shaped?'''''

It incorporates many of the principles of high environmental quality and ecotown but its principal originality is the promotion of the constant participation of the inhabitants. Indeed, this area was designed and conducted with representatives of future residents in a creative bottom-up process . It is often regarded as a model for several of its aspects. (2)

*'''''Were there any critical decisions?'''''

The Lanxmeer ecological project is meant to promote sustainable development by being an example of integrated approach towards sustainable planning.
The chosen approach is to integrate technology/innovation ('hardware') and the environment and behavior ('software') to achieve preservation of natural resources in everyday life.
The final Lanxmeer project programme contains six areas which form the Lanxmeer coherent and integrated Eco framework:
energy, water, landscape, mobility, chain management and communication and education.
Moreover the municipality set ‘integration of functions’ as a one of the crucial criteria for the district.(3)

=== Analysis of program/function ===
* '''''What are the main functional characteristics?'''''

Lanxmeer integrates different urban functions, providing good equilibrium between social, economic, cultural, educational, recreational and sustainable interests.
*'''Energy:''' sustainable energy systems - striving towards zero-energy balance: energy production + minimised consumption of fossil energy sources; energy production from waste and sewage, energy-independent dwelling, not being connected to the grid
*'''Water:''' integrated water management system and local biological water treatment; rainwater for toilets and washing machine; the sewage is used for biogas production. Water system is shown as Eva-2.
*'''Materials:''' sustainable building programme; the chain management objective is to close down material cycle in terms of origin, transport, production, use, reuse and recycling.
*'''Land use:''' sustainable city planning - good balance between urban land use and green spaces, public and private gardens
*'''Transport:''' support public transport and limit car use
*'''Food:''' ecological agriculture, biological food, contact with nature
*'''Social:''' co-production and inhabitants involvement in the building process; variety of dwellings according to architecture, size and price leading to social diversity
*'''Integration of different functions:''' living, working, recreation, education, social etc.(4)

* '''''How have they been expressed or incorporated?'''''

*'''Energy:''' annual energy use of 50 GJ / household (approx. 1250 m3 gas and 2500 kWh electricity) / year; mainly RES: small Canadian wind turbines installed; biomass station for power and heat generation; most houses dispose of solar panels for electricity and solar collectors for hot water(as shown in Eva-3); excellent insulation. Where entire roofs are covered by solar panels, electricity is fed in the public grid during summer and partly in spring and autumn. In order to keep track of electricity use most residents take part in a monitoring program.
*'''Water & sewage:''' separate water delivery system: rainwater running off roofs (as shown in Eva-4) is led to retention pools (as shown in Eva-5) by a drainage system; rainwater running off road surfaces is collected in a sewer system flowing into ditches; waste water from kitchen sinks and washing machines is collected in another sewer system, treated and lead into ditches; waste water from toilets is collected separately, fluids are filtered and the solid component is used for biogas production.
*'''Transport:''' fast and attractive scheme of bicycle routes and foot paths; walking distance to Culemborg central train and bus station; limited car use; approx. 55 households share a fleet of seven cars: 0.7 cars/household; car free district: parking places situated at the edges of the housing area; cars allowed for delivery only.
*'''Social:''' The bottom up approach of involving the intending residents in all aspects of the project’s conception, planning, design and construction is showing positive results in terms of awareness and sustainable behavior. Inhabitants are organized in a residents' association which takes care of the maintenance of the area. In the neighborhood, there are many forms of cooperation, focused on subjects such as the maintenance of nature, energy, education and the urban ecological farm. While it may have taken more time than a developer led project, EVA Lanxmeer is paying clear dividends in providing aesthetically pleasing houses for living and creating a community that will work socially and ecologically with employment on site.
*'''Land use:''' built according to the "pergola" plan meaning smooth transitions between private and common (no walls nor fences), cultivating food in the area for the residents, limit of transport and trade beside participation of the people on the farm; live-work-recreate close to each other; 4 inter-connected main green areas communicating with private gardens, municipal land and the urban farm; integrated functions: the need for work places, manufacturing, food production, community areas, and private and government houses.
*'''Materials:''' dwellings are built using sustainable construction materials.

=== Analysis of design/planning process ===
* '''''How was the area/project/plan formulated and implemented?'''''

'''Formulation of the plan'''

* In the beginning Eva lanxmeer was just a concept made by scientists. In 1994 they started the Eva Foundation as an ecological center for Education, Information and Advice. The people in this foundation where from a lot of different disciplines, like architecture, landscape architecture, agriculture, healthcare, energy and art. They wanted sustainable planning by combining technology and innovation with environment and behavior. They wanted to realize an example project for an ecological and sustainable way of urbanization.

'''Implementation of the plan'''

* Not long after the Eva foundation existed more and more future inhabitants got into this network. They started as a group of people who had no power, but got the project into realization by working their way up toward realization. You could call it Bottom-up approach. That means that the project has not implemented from the top (government). After some while when they saw the importance of sustainability, the Culemborg municipality got involved with the project. The urbanization plan was made by organizing workshops, ateliers en master classes. In this process interdisciplinary people, future inhabitants and the municipality where active.

* '''''Were there any important consultations/collaborations?''' ''

* The most important in this process are public consultations, by which the public could have input on the project. By publishing what was going to happen they give people information, also the people of the rest of the city. They also consulted the interest groups on their opinion and used participation to involve the these groups in the making of the plans. This improved the public involvement, transparency of the project, understanding and also the efficiency of the project. That is what we would like to see more in the future.

=== Analysis of use/users ===
* ''''' How is the area/project/plan used and by whom?'''''

The project is was used by EVA foundation members and some local people including some scientists and engineers in Culemborg.

* ''''' Is the use changing? Are there any issues?'''''

The use hasn't been changed yet.

=== Core Question 2: What is the role of landscape architecture in this project? ===

Landscape architecture is the carrier of the environment. It offer the local people comfortable recreational place and the energy resource. Besides it also give chances for local people to speak out their ideas of their own ideal landscape and realize it.

=== You may add 1-2 more core questions as discussed in your group ===

=== Image Gallery ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Fig.1_Map.jpg‎|Fig.1_Map.jpg‎
Image:Fig.2_Old_map_of_Culemborg_in_1649.jpg|Fig.2_Old_map_of_Culemborg_in_1649.jpg
Image:Eva-1.jpg|Eva-1.jpg
Image:Eva-2.jpg|Eva-2.jpg
Image:Eva-3.jpg|Eva-3.jpg
Image:Eva-4.jpg|Eva-4.jpg
Image:Eva-5.jpg|Eva-5.jpg
Image:dutchintro-urban-history-NL1.jpg|Climate analysis
Image:dutchintro-urban-history-NL.jpg|Function placement

</gallery>

=== References ===
Please add literature, documentations and weblinks

*(1), (2), (3), (4) from: www.eva-lanxmeer.nl
*Fig.1 from Google Map
*Fig.2 from http://sites.google.com/site/chinhdangvu/google-earth/netherlands-on-google-earth/culemborg-on-google-earth
*Eva-1、Eva-1、Eva-3、EVA-5 from http://www.water-in-zicht.nl/projecten/eva-lanxmeer-culemborg
*Eva-4 from http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/EVA-_Lanxmeer_Green_roof2_2009.jpg
*http://www.virtualtourist.com/travel/Europe/Netherlands/Provincie_Gelderland/Culemborg-462481/TravelGuide-Culemborg.html
*http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/archi/programmes/cost8/case/watersewerage/netherlands-sustainablehousing.html
*http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/archi/programmes/cost8/case/watersewerage/netherlands-sustainablehousing.html
*www.bel-lanxmeer.nl
*www.kwarteel.nl/volgende/container.html
*Dr.ir. A. van Timmeren Sustainable Urban Decentralization: Case EVA Lanxmeer, Culemborg, The Netherlands

----
[[Category:Case Study]]
[[Category:Future Landscapes Group 1 Case Study]]
About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

File:Dutchintro-urban-history-NL.jpg

2010-11-21T18:46:16Z

Avacoco:

File:Dutchintro-urban-history-NL1.jpg

2010-11-21T18:45:58Z

Avacoco:

Case Study Wageningen

2010-11-21T15:03:59Z

Avacoco: /* Cultural/social/political context */

---> back to overview of [[Future Landscapes Group 1]]

'''add your case study title''' by ''add authors''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''EVA Lanxmeer''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Culemborg''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Netherlands''
|-
| '''Office''' || style="background:Lavender"|''A dynamic interdisciplinary process ''
|-
| '''Client''' || style="background:Lavender"|''E.V.A. foundation''
|-
| '''Completion''' || style="background:Lavender"|''2000 start building, 2005 end building''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Fig.1_Map.jpg‎|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| <googlemap version="0.9" lat="52.09" lon="5.349" type="satellite" zoom="9" width="300" height="250">
</googlemap>
|}

=== Core Question 1: In how far does this project reveal your concept of future landscapes? ===

In our opinion, future landscape should be eco friendly and sustainable mingled with profund public participation. While it also should have aesthetic values and various kinds of spaces to afford users' recreational demands.
EVA Lanxmeer just has all the characters as we mention above. So we choose this built project as the future landscape.

=== Landscape and/or urban context===
'''''Biogeography:'''''
*Located in the town of Culemborg in Netherlands
*Culemborg is in the center of the Netherlands and situated in the south of Lek River (the map is shown in Fig.1_Map.jpg‎)

'''''Overall character:'''''
*'''Environmentally-friendly-housing development'''
*'''Ecotown'''
*'''Sustainability:''' Sustainability plays an important role in this project. The organizations of EVA Lanxmeer use many methods to achieve the principle, like using sustainable materials, building many recreation facilities. Among these recreation facilities, water system is one of the most important part.
*'''Genius Loci:''' The structure of the urban plan is mainly based on the record of the existing landscape. The polder Lanxmeer covers various historic items. Firstly, an ancient river bed crosses the area. Also, it covers archaeological findings from the Roman era. Not only to preserve this landscape, but also to use the natural conditions for (short periods, seasonal) water storage special attention was paid for the implementation of the landscape elements in the project.
*'''Community participation'''
*'''Creative design process:''' bottom-up. The Lanxmeer project was initiated by the E.V.A. Foundation in 1994. The Lanxmeer concept was developed by a group of scientists having diverse backgrounds. Some of them were already keen to settle in Lanxmeer. The network grew quickly and a group of future inhabitants was created and regularly met to co-create the foundations of the project. In 1996, 80 families had already subscribed, having a positive impact on the elected representatives of Culemborg municipality. The future inhabitants participated in several workshops; additionally an Urban Development Plan was drafted in dialogue with (future) residents and users.
Following a ‘sustainable development’ training course and being aware of the wide interest of possible future residents, Culemborg municipality took interest in the project. Today, Lanxmeer is a co-production of Culemborg municipality and E.V.A. Foundation.

'''''History and dynamics:'''''
*Culemborg was received city rights in 1315.
*In Joannes Blaeu's map of 1649, Culemborg remains entirely enclosed by walls behind its city moat-like encircling canals. The moated castle stands outside the city walls. Houses present a united front along streets and the two canals that cut the city in three sections, but they all face gardens behind, and market gardens are plentiful within the city walls.
*In 1995, Culemborg was one of the cities which were temporarily evacuated because of the risk of flooding. (the map is shown in Fig.2_Old_map_of_Culemborg_in_1649.jpg)

=== Cultural/social/political context===
*Brief explanation of culture, political economy, legal framework

'''''Culture and politics'''''

* Nowadays people in Netherlands are fighting for spaces. What to do with it? Should we build houses, make nature or place companies? The Netherland is quite small, so we try to think about the choices before changing the landscape and it’s functions. At the moment are people getting more aware of nature and environment. People want space for recreation in a beautiful landscape that is formed by culture and nature. They would like to be more sustainable, but don’t know how to change their habits. The government is trying to influence these habits by stimulating several kinds of projects. Like separation of waste and recycling, or green energy projects.

* The Eva lanxmeer project was stimulated to develope in certain ways. They got money from the German Ministry for Education, Science, Technology and Research because they chose Eva Lanxmeer as an European demonstration project. The Dutch Ministry for Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment provided subsidies and the project also got some stimulation funds for Architecture.

* It is also because people are getting more aware of nature, food production, energy systems and water problems, that there is a mark for this kind of sustainable housing projects. It is a good example to inspiration on the citizen’s initiatives.

* In Netherlands there are generally spoken 2 models of decision making:
'''referee model''', in which one person or group decides a matter when there is a conflict, this model places the problem at the opposing individuals and interest groups.
'''interaction model''', in which all “partners” in the process have to agree with the decision, in this model the decision makers are the cause the problems.
With the Eva lanxmeer project the second model for decision making was used. All partners had to declare their willingness at certain points. This participation model is growing in Netherlands, A thing of which we think that should be developed and improved in the future.

=== Spatial analysis of area/project/plan===
*'''''What are the main structural features?'''''

Lanxmeer consists of 250 dwellings, 40.000 m2 of offices and business units, an urban ecological farm, an information centre, wellness centre, congress centre, bars, restaurants and a hotel.(1) (The layout is shown as picture Eva-1)

*'''''How has it been shaped?'''''

It incorporates many of the principles of high environmental quality and ecotown but its principal originality is the promotion of the constant participation of the inhabitants. Indeed, this area was designed and conducted with representatives of future residents in a creative bottom-up process . It is often regarded as a model for several of its aspects. (2)

*'''''Were there any critical decisions?'''''

The Lanxmeer ecological project is meant to promote sustainable development by being an example of integrated approach towards sustainable planning.
The chosen approach is to integrate technology/innovation ('hardware') and the environment and behavior ('software') to achieve preservation of natural resources in everyday life.
The final Lanxmeer project programme contains six areas which form the Lanxmeer coherent and integrated Eco framework:
energy, water, landscape, mobility, chain management and communication and education.
Moreover the municipality set ‘integration of functions’ as a one of the crucial criteria for the district.(3)

=== Analysis of program/function ===
* '''''What are the main functional characteristics?'''''

Lanxmeer integrates different urban functions, providing good equilibrium between social, economic, cultural, educational, recreational and sustainable interests.
*'''Energy:''' sustainable energy systems - striving towards zero-energy balance: energy production + minimised consumption of fossil energy sources; energy production from waste and sewage, energy-independent dwelling, not being connected to the grid
*'''Water:''' integrated water management system and local biological water treatment; rainwater for toilets and washing machine; the sewage is used for biogas production. Water system is shown as Eva-2.
*'''Materials:''' sustainable building programme; the chain management objective is to close down material cycle in terms of origin, transport, production, use, reuse and recycling.
*'''Land use:''' sustainable city planning - good balance between urban land use and green spaces, public and private gardens
*'''Transport:''' support public transport and limit car use
*'''Food:''' ecological agriculture, biological food, contact with nature
*'''Social:''' co-production and inhabitants involvement in the building process; variety of dwellings according to architecture, size and price leading to social diversity
*'''Integration of different functions:''' living, working, recreation, education, social etc.(4)

* '''''How have they been expressed or incorporated?'''''

*'''Energy:''' annual energy use of 50 GJ / household (approx. 1250 m3 gas and 2500 kWh electricity) / year; mainly RES: small Canadian wind turbines installed; biomass station for power and heat generation; most houses dispose of solar panels for electricity and solar collectors for hot water(as shown in Eva-3); excellent insulation. Where entire roofs are covered by solar panels, electricity is fed in the public grid during summer and partly in spring and autumn. In order to keep track of electricity use most residents take part in a monitoring program.
*'''Water & sewage:''' separate water delivery system: rainwater running off roofs (as shown in Eva-4) is led to retention pools (as shown in Eva-5) by a drainage system; rainwater running off road surfaces is collected in a sewer system flowing into ditches; waste water from kitchen sinks and washing machines is collected in another sewer system, treated and lead into ditches; waste water from toilets is collected separately, fluids are filtered and the solid component is used for biogas production.
*'''Transport:''' fast and attractive scheme of bicycle routes and foot paths; walking distance to Culemborg central train and bus station; limited car use; approx. 55 households share a fleet of seven cars: 0.7 cars/household; car free district: parking places situated at the edges of the housing area; cars allowed for delivery only.
*'''Social:''' The bottom up approach of involving the intending residents in all aspects of the project’s conception, planning, design and construction is showing positive results in terms of awareness and sustainable behavior. Inhabitants are organized in a residents' association which takes care of the maintenance of the area. In the neighborhood, there are many forms of cooperation, focused on subjects such as the maintenance of nature, energy, education and the urban ecological farm. While it may have taken more time than a developer led project, EVA Lanxmeer is paying clear dividends in providing aesthetically pleasing houses for living and creating a community that will work socially and ecologically with employment on site.
*'''Land use:''' built according to the "pergola" plan meaning smooth transitions between private and common (no walls nor fences), cultivating food in the area for the residents, limit of transport and trade beside participation of the people on the farm; live-work-recreate close to each other; 4 inter-connected main green areas communicating with private gardens, municipal land and the urban farm; integrated functions: the need for work places, manufacturing, food production, community areas, and private and government houses.
*'''Materials:''' dwellings are built using sustainable construction materials.

=== Analysis of design/planning process ===
* '''''How was the area/project/plan formulated and implemented?'''''

'''Formulation of the plan'''

* In the beginning Eva lanxmeer was just a concept made by scientists. In 1994 they started the Eva Foundation as an ecological center for Education, Information and Advice. The people in this foundation where from a lot of different disciplines, like architecture, landscape architecture, agriculture, healthcare, energy and art. They wanted sustainable planning by combining technology and innovation with environment and behavior. They wanted to realize an example project for an ecological and sustainable way of urbanization.

'''Implementation of the plan'''

* Not long after the Eva foundation existed more and more future inhabitants got into this network. They started as a group of people who had no power, but got the project into realization by working their way up toward realization. You could call it Bottom-up approach. That means that the project has not implemented from the top (government). After some while when they saw the importance of sustainability, the Culemborg municipality got involved with the project. The urbanization plan was made by organizing workshops, ateliers en master classes. In this process interdisciplinary people, future inhabitants and the municipality where active.

* '''''Were there any important consultations/collaborations?''' ''

* The most important in this process are public consultations, by which the public could have input on the project. By publishing what was going to happen they give people information, also the people of the rest of the city. They also consulted the interest groups on their opinion and used participation to involve the these groups in the making of the plans. This improved the public involvement, transparency of the project, understanding and also the efficiency of the project. That is what we would like to see more in the future.

=== Analysis of use/users ===
* ''''' How is the area/project/plan used and by whom?'''''

The project is was used by EVA foundation members and some local people including some scientists and engineers in Culemborg.

* ''''' Is the use changing? Are there any issues?'''''

The use hasn't been changed yet.

=== Core Question 2: What is the role of landscape architecture in this project? ===

Landscape architecture is the carrier of the environment. It offer the local people comfortable recreational place and the energy resource. Besides it also give chances for local people to speak out their ideas of their own ideal landscape and realize it.

=== You may add 1-2 more core questions as discussed in your group ===

=== Image Gallery ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Fig.1_Map.jpg‎|Fig.1_Map.jpg‎
Image:Fig.2_Old_map_of_Culemborg_in_1649.jpg|Fig.2_Old_map_of_Culemborg_in_1649.jpg
Image:Eva-1.jpg|Eva-1.jpg
Image:Eva-2.jpg|Eva-2.jpg
Image:Eva-3.jpg|Eva-3.jpg
Image:Eva-4.jpg|Eva-4.jpg
Image:Eva-5.jpg|Eva-5.jpg
</gallery>

=== References ===
Please add literature, documentations and weblinks

*(1), (2), (3), (4) from: www.eva-lanxmeer.nl
*Fig.1 from Google Map
*Fig.2 from http://sites.google.com/site/chinhdangvu/google-earth/netherlands-on-google-earth/culemborg-on-google-earth
*Eva-1、Eva-1、Eva-3、EVA-5 from http://www.water-in-zicht.nl/projecten/eva-lanxmeer-culemborg
*Eva-4 from http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/EVA-_Lanxmeer_Green_roof2_2009.jpg
*http://www.virtualtourist.com/travel/Europe/Netherlands/Provincie_Gelderland/Culemborg-462481/TravelGuide-Culemborg.html
*http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/archi/programmes/cost8/case/watersewerage/netherlands-sustainablehousing.html
*http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/archi/programmes/cost8/case/watersewerage/netherlands-sustainablehousing.html
*www.bel-lanxmeer.nl
*www.kwarteel.nl/volgende/container.html
*Dr.ir. A. van Timmeren Sustainable Urban Decentralization: Case EVA Lanxmeer, Culemborg, The Netherlands

----
[[Category:Case Study]]
[[Category:Future Landscapes Group 1 Case Study]]
About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Case Study Wageningen

2010-11-21T15:03:30Z

Avacoco: /* Cultural/social/political context */

---> back to overview of [[Future Landscapes Group 1]]

'''add your case study title''' by ''add authors''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''EVA Lanxmeer''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Culemborg''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Netherlands''
|-
| '''Office''' || style="background:Lavender"|''A dynamic interdisciplinary process ''
|-
| '''Client''' || style="background:Lavender"|''E.V.A. foundation''
|-
| '''Completion''' || style="background:Lavender"|''2000 start building, 2005 end building''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Fig.1_Map.jpg‎|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| <googlemap version="0.9" lat="52.09" lon="5.349" type="satellite" zoom="9" width="300" height="250">
</googlemap>
|}

=== Core Question 1: In how far does this project reveal your concept of future landscapes? ===

In our opinion, future landscape should be eco friendly and sustainable mingled with profund public participation. While it also should have aesthetic values and various kinds of spaces to afford users' recreational demands.
EVA Lanxmeer just has all the characters as we mention above. So we choose this built project as the future landscape.

=== Landscape and/or urban context===
'''''Biogeography:'''''
*Located in the town of Culemborg in Netherlands
*Culemborg is in the center of the Netherlands and situated in the south of Lek River (the map is shown in Fig.1_Map.jpg‎)

'''''Overall character:'''''
*'''Environmentally-friendly-housing development'''
*'''Ecotown'''
*'''Sustainability:''' Sustainability plays an important role in this project. The organizations of EVA Lanxmeer use many methods to achieve the principle, like using sustainable materials, building many recreation facilities. Among these recreation facilities, water system is one of the most important part.
*'''Genius Loci:''' The structure of the urban plan is mainly based on the record of the existing landscape. The polder Lanxmeer covers various historic items. Firstly, an ancient river bed crosses the area. Also, it covers archaeological findings from the Roman era. Not only to preserve this landscape, but also to use the natural conditions for (short periods, seasonal) water storage special attention was paid for the implementation of the landscape elements in the project.
*'''Community participation'''
*'''Creative design process:''' bottom-up. The Lanxmeer project was initiated by the E.V.A. Foundation in 1994. The Lanxmeer concept was developed by a group of scientists having diverse backgrounds. Some of them were already keen to settle in Lanxmeer. The network grew quickly and a group of future inhabitants was created and regularly met to co-create the foundations of the project. In 1996, 80 families had already subscribed, having a positive impact on the elected representatives of Culemborg municipality. The future inhabitants participated in several workshops; additionally an Urban Development Plan was drafted in dialogue with (future) residents and users.
Following a ‘sustainable development’ training course and being aware of the wide interest of possible future residents, Culemborg municipality took interest in the project. Today, Lanxmeer is a co-production of Culemborg municipality and E.V.A. Foundation.

'''''History and dynamics:'''''
*Culemborg was received city rights in 1315.
*In Joannes Blaeu's map of 1649, Culemborg remains entirely enclosed by walls behind its city moat-like encircling canals. The moated castle stands outside the city walls. Houses present a united front along streets and the two canals that cut the city in three sections, but they all face gardens behind, and market gardens are plentiful within the city walls.
*In 1995, Culemborg was one of the cities which were temporarily evacuated because of the risk of flooding. (the map is shown in Fig.2_Old_map_of_Culemborg_in_1649.jpg)

=== Cultural/social/political context===
*Brief explanation of culture, political economy, legal framework

'''''Culture and politics'''''

* Nowadays people in Netherlands are fighting for spaces. What to do with it? Should we build houses, make nature or place companies? The Netherland is quite small, so we try to think about the choices before changing the landscape and it’s functions. At the moment are people getting more aware of nature and environment. People want space for recreation in a beautiful landscape that is formed by culture and nature. They would like to be more sustainable, but don’t know how to change their habits. The government is trying to influence these habits by stimulating several kinds of projects. Like separation of waste and recycling, or green energy projects.

* The Eva lanxmeer project was stimulated to develope in certain ways. They got money from the German Ministry for Education, Science, Technology and Research because they chose Eva Lanxmeer as an European demonstration project. The Dutch Ministry for Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment provided subsidies and the project also got some stimulation funds for Architecture.

* It is also because people are getting more aware of nature, food production, energy systems and water problems, that there is a mark for this kind of sustainable housing projects. It is a good example to inspiration on the citizen’s initiatives.

* In Netherlands there are generally spoken 2 models of decision making:
'''referee model''', in which one person or group decides a matter when there is a conflict, this model places the problem at the opposing individuals and interest groups.
'''interaction model''', in which all “partners” in the process have to agree with the decision, in this model the decision makers are the cause the problems.
With the Eva lanxmeer project the second model for decision making was used. All partners had to declare their willingness at certain points. This participation model is growing in Netherlands, A thing of which we think that should be developed and improved in the future.

=== Spatial analysis of area/project/plan===
*'''''What are the main structural features?'''''

Lanxmeer consists of 250 dwellings, 40.000 m2 of offices and business units, an urban ecological farm, an information centre, wellness centre, congress centre, bars, restaurants and a hotel.(1) (The layout is shown as picture Eva-1)

*'''''How has it been shaped?'''''

It incorporates many of the principles of high environmental quality and ecotown but its principal originality is the promotion of the constant participation of the inhabitants. Indeed, this area was designed and conducted with representatives of future residents in a creative bottom-up process . It is often regarded as a model for several of its aspects. (2)

*'''''Were there any critical decisions?'''''

The Lanxmeer ecological project is meant to promote sustainable development by being an example of integrated approach towards sustainable planning.
The chosen approach is to integrate technology/innovation ('hardware') and the environment and behavior ('software') to achieve preservation of natural resources in everyday life.
The final Lanxmeer project programme contains six areas which form the Lanxmeer coherent and integrated Eco framework:
energy, water, landscape, mobility, chain management and communication and education.
Moreover the municipality set ‘integration of functions’ as a one of the crucial criteria for the district.(3)

=== Analysis of program/function ===
* '''''What are the main functional characteristics?'''''

Lanxmeer integrates different urban functions, providing good equilibrium between social, economic, cultural, educational, recreational and sustainable interests.
*'''Energy:''' sustainable energy systems - striving towards zero-energy balance: energy production + minimised consumption of fossil energy sources; energy production from waste and sewage, energy-independent dwelling, not being connected to the grid
*'''Water:''' integrated water management system and local biological water treatment; rainwater for toilets and washing machine; the sewage is used for biogas production. Water system is shown as Eva-2.
*'''Materials:''' sustainable building programme; the chain management objective is to close down material cycle in terms of origin, transport, production, use, reuse and recycling.
*'''Land use:''' sustainable city planning - good balance between urban land use and green spaces, public and private gardens
*'''Transport:''' support public transport and limit car use
*'''Food:''' ecological agriculture, biological food, contact with nature
*'''Social:''' co-production and inhabitants involvement in the building process; variety of dwellings according to architecture, size and price leading to social diversity
*'''Integration of different functions:''' living, working, recreation, education, social etc.(4)

* '''''How have they been expressed or incorporated?'''''

*'''Energy:''' annual energy use of 50 GJ / household (approx. 1250 m3 gas and 2500 kWh electricity) / year; mainly RES: small Canadian wind turbines installed; biomass station for power and heat generation; most houses dispose of solar panels for electricity and solar collectors for hot water(as shown in Eva-3); excellent insulation. Where entire roofs are covered by solar panels, electricity is fed in the public grid during summer and partly in spring and autumn. In order to keep track of electricity use most residents take part in a monitoring program.
*'''Water & sewage:''' separate water delivery system: rainwater running off roofs (as shown in Eva-4) is led to retention pools (as shown in Eva-5) by a drainage system; rainwater running off road surfaces is collected in a sewer system flowing into ditches; waste water from kitchen sinks and washing machines is collected in another sewer system, treated and lead into ditches; waste water from toilets is collected separately, fluids are filtered and the solid component is used for biogas production.
*'''Transport:''' fast and attractive scheme of bicycle routes and foot paths; walking distance to Culemborg central train and bus station; limited car use; approx. 55 households share a fleet of seven cars: 0.7 cars/household; car free district: parking places situated at the edges of the housing area; cars allowed for delivery only.
*'''Social:''' The bottom up approach of involving the intending residents in all aspects of the project’s conception, planning, design and construction is showing positive results in terms of awareness and sustainable behavior. Inhabitants are organized in a residents' association which takes care of the maintenance of the area. In the neighborhood, there are many forms of cooperation, focused on subjects such as the maintenance of nature, energy, education and the urban ecological farm. While it may have taken more time than a developer led project, EVA Lanxmeer is paying clear dividends in providing aesthetically pleasing houses for living and creating a community that will work socially and ecologically with employment on site.
*'''Land use:''' built according to the "pergola" plan meaning smooth transitions between private and common (no walls nor fences), cultivating food in the area for the residents, limit of transport and trade beside participation of the people on the farm; live-work-recreate close to each other; 4 inter-connected main green areas communicating with private gardens, municipal land and the urban farm; integrated functions: the need for work places, manufacturing, food production, community areas, and private and government houses.
*'''Materials:''' dwellings are built using sustainable construction materials.

=== Analysis of design/planning process ===
* '''''How was the area/project/plan formulated and implemented?'''''

'''Formulation of the plan'''

* In the beginning Eva lanxmeer was just a concept made by scientists. In 1994 they started the Eva Foundation as an ecological center for Education, Information and Advice. The people in this foundation where from a lot of different disciplines, like architecture, landscape architecture, agriculture, healthcare, energy and art. They wanted sustainable planning by combining technology and innovation with environment and behavior. They wanted to realize an example project for an ecological and sustainable way of urbanization.

'''Implementation of the plan'''

* Not long after the Eva foundation existed more and more future inhabitants got into this network. They started as a group of people who had no power, but got the project into realization by working their way up toward realization. You could call it Bottom-up approach. That means that the project has not implemented from the top (government). After some while when they saw the importance of sustainability, the Culemborg municipality got involved with the project. The urbanization plan was made by organizing workshops, ateliers en master classes. In this process interdisciplinary people, future inhabitants and the municipality where active.

* '''''Were there any important consultations/collaborations?''' ''

* The most important in this process are public consultations, by which the public could have input on the project. By publishing what was going to happen they give people information, also the people of the rest of the city. They also consulted the interest groups on their opinion and used participation to involve the these groups in the making of the plans. This improved the public involvement, transparency of the project, understanding and also the efficiency of the project. That is what we would like to see more in the future.

=== Analysis of use/users ===
* ''''' How is the area/project/plan used and by whom?'''''

The project is was used by EVA foundation members and some local people including some scientists and engineers in Culemborg.

* ''''' Is the use changing? Are there any issues?'''''

The use hasn't been changed yet.

=== Core Question 2: What is the role of landscape architecture in this project? ===

Landscape architecture is the carrier of the environment. It offer the local people comfortable recreational place and the energy resource. Besides it also give chances for local people to speak out their ideas of their own ideal landscape and realize it.

=== You may add 1-2 more core questions as discussed in your group ===

=== Image Gallery ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Fig.1_Map.jpg‎|Fig.1_Map.jpg‎
Image:Fig.2_Old_map_of_Culemborg_in_1649.jpg|Fig.2_Old_map_of_Culemborg_in_1649.jpg
Image:Eva-1.jpg|Eva-1.jpg
Image:Eva-2.jpg|Eva-2.jpg
Image:Eva-3.jpg|Eva-3.jpg
Image:Eva-4.jpg|Eva-4.jpg
Image:Eva-5.jpg|Eva-5.jpg
</gallery>

=== References ===
Please add literature, documentations and weblinks

*(1), (2), (3), (4) from: www.eva-lanxmeer.nl
*Fig.1 from Google Map
*Fig.2 from http://sites.google.com/site/chinhdangvu/google-earth/netherlands-on-google-earth/culemborg-on-google-earth
*Eva-1、Eva-1、Eva-3、EVA-5 from http://www.water-in-zicht.nl/projecten/eva-lanxmeer-culemborg
*Eva-4 from http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/EVA-_Lanxmeer_Green_roof2_2009.jpg
*http://www.virtualtourist.com/travel/Europe/Netherlands/Provincie_Gelderland/Culemborg-462481/TravelGuide-Culemborg.html
*http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/archi/programmes/cost8/case/watersewerage/netherlands-sustainablehousing.html
*http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/archi/programmes/cost8/case/watersewerage/netherlands-sustainablehousing.html
*www.bel-lanxmeer.nl
*www.kwarteel.nl/volgende/container.html
*Dr.ir. A. van Timmeren Sustainable Urban Decentralization: Case EVA Lanxmeer, Culemborg, The Netherlands

----
[[Category:Case Study]]
[[Category:Future Landscapes Group 1 Case Study]]
About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Case Study Wageningen

2010-11-21T15:02:41Z

Avacoco:

---> back to overview of [[Future Landscapes Group 1]]

'''add your case study title''' by ''add authors''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''EVA Lanxmeer''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Culemborg''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Netherlands''
|-
| '''Office''' || style="background:Lavender"|''A dynamic interdisciplinary process ''
|-
| '''Client''' || style="background:Lavender"|''E.V.A. foundation''
|-
| '''Completion''' || style="background:Lavender"|''2000 start building, 2005 end building''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:Fig.1_Map.jpg‎|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| <googlemap version="0.9" lat="52.09" lon="5.349" type="satellite" zoom="9" width="300" height="250">
</googlemap>
|}

=== Core Question 1: In how far does this project reveal your concept of future landscapes? ===

In our opinion, future landscape should be eco friendly and sustainable mingled with profund public participation. While it also should have aesthetic values and various kinds of spaces to afford users' recreational demands.
EVA Lanxmeer just has all the characters as we mention above. So we choose this built project as the future landscape.

=== Landscape and/or urban context===
'''''Biogeography:'''''
*Located in the town of Culemborg in Netherlands
*Culemborg is in the center of the Netherlands and situated in the south of Lek River (the map is shown in Fig.1_Map.jpg‎)

'''''Overall character:'''''
*'''Environmentally-friendly-housing development'''
*'''Ecotown'''
*'''Sustainability:''' Sustainability plays an important role in this project. The organizations of EVA Lanxmeer use many methods to achieve the principle, like using sustainable materials, building many recreation facilities. Among these recreation facilities, water system is one of the most important part.
*'''Genius Loci:''' The structure of the urban plan is mainly based on the record of the existing landscape. The polder Lanxmeer covers various historic items. Firstly, an ancient river bed crosses the area. Also, it covers archaeological findings from the Roman era. Not only to preserve this landscape, but also to use the natural conditions for (short periods, seasonal) water storage special attention was paid for the implementation of the landscape elements in the project.
*'''Community participation'''
*'''Creative design process:''' bottom-up. The Lanxmeer project was initiated by the E.V.A. Foundation in 1994. The Lanxmeer concept was developed by a group of scientists having diverse backgrounds. Some of them were already keen to settle in Lanxmeer. The network grew quickly and a group of future inhabitants was created and regularly met to co-create the foundations of the project. In 1996, 80 families had already subscribed, having a positive impact on the elected representatives of Culemborg municipality. The future inhabitants participated in several workshops; additionally an Urban Development Plan was drafted in dialogue with (future) residents and users.
Following a ‘sustainable development’ training course and being aware of the wide interest of possible future residents, Culemborg municipality took interest in the project. Today, Lanxmeer is a co-production of Culemborg municipality and E.V.A. Foundation.

'''''History and dynamics:'''''
*Culemborg was received city rights in 1315.
*In Joannes Blaeu's map of 1649, Culemborg remains entirely enclosed by walls behind its city moat-like encircling canals. The moated castle stands outside the city walls. Houses present a united front along streets and the two canals that cut the city in three sections, but they all face gardens behind, and market gardens are plentiful within the city walls.
*In 1995, Culemborg was one of the cities which were temporarily evacuated because of the risk of flooding. (the map is shown in Fig.2_Old_map_of_Culemborg_in_1649.jpg)

=== Cultural/social/political context===
*Brief explanation of culture, political economy, legal framework

'''''Culture and politics'''''

* Nowadays people in Netherlands are fighting for spaces. What to do with it? Should we build houses, make nature or place companies? The Netherland is quite small, so we try to think about the choices before changing the landscape and it’s functions. At the moment are people getting more aware of nature and environment. People want space for recreation in a beautiful landscape that is formed by culture and nature. They would like to be more sustainable, but don’t know how to change their habits. The government is trying to influence these habits by stimulating several kinds of projects. Like separation of waste and recycling, or green energy projects.

* The Eva lanxmeer project was stimulated to develope in certain ways. They got money from the German Ministry for Education, Science, Technology and Research because they chose Eva Lanxmeer as an European demonstration project. The Dutch Ministry for Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment provided subsidies and the project also got some stimulation funds for Architecture.

* It is also because people are getting more aware of nature, food production, energy systems and water problems, that there is a mark for this kind of sustainable housing projects. It is a good example to inspiration on the citizen’s initiatives.

* In Netherlands there are generally spoken 2 models of decision making:
• '''referee model''', in which one person or group decides a matter when there is a conflict, this model places the problem at the opposing individuals and interest groups.
• '''interaction model''', in which all “partners” in the process have to agree with the decision, in this model the decision makers are the cause the problems.
With the Eva lanxmeer project the second model for decision making was used. All partners had to declare their willingness at certain points. This participation model is growing in Netherlands, A thing of which we think that should be developed and improved in the future.

=== Spatial analysis of area/project/plan===
*'''''What are the main structural features?'''''

Lanxmeer consists of 250 dwellings, 40.000 m2 of offices and business units, an urban ecological farm, an information centre, wellness centre, congress centre, bars, restaurants and a hotel.(1) (The layout is shown as picture Eva-1)

*'''''How has it been shaped?'''''

It incorporates many of the principles of high environmental quality and ecotown but its principal originality is the promotion of the constant participation of the inhabitants. Indeed, this area was designed and conducted with representatives of future residents in a creative bottom-up process . It is often regarded as a model for several of its aspects. (2)

*'''''Were there any critical decisions?'''''

The Lanxmeer ecological project is meant to promote sustainable development by being an example of integrated approach towards sustainable planning.
The chosen approach is to integrate technology/innovation ('hardware') and the environment and behavior ('software') to achieve preservation of natural resources in everyday life.
The final Lanxmeer project programme contains six areas which form the Lanxmeer coherent and integrated Eco framework:
energy, water, landscape, mobility, chain management and communication and education.
Moreover the municipality set ‘integration of functions’ as a one of the crucial criteria for the district.(3)

=== Analysis of program/function ===
* '''''What are the main functional characteristics?'''''

Lanxmeer integrates different urban functions, providing good equilibrium between social, economic, cultural, educational, recreational and sustainable interests.
*'''Energy:''' sustainable energy systems - striving towards zero-energy balance: energy production + minimised consumption of fossil energy sources; energy production from waste and sewage, energy-independent dwelling, not being connected to the grid
*'''Water:''' integrated water management system and local biological water treatment; rainwater for toilets and washing machine; the sewage is used for biogas production. Water system is shown as Eva-2.
*'''Materials:''' sustainable building programme; the chain management objective is to close down material cycle in terms of origin, transport, production, use, reuse and recycling.
*'''Land use:''' sustainable city planning - good balance between urban land use and green spaces, public and private gardens
*'''Transport:''' support public transport and limit car use
*'''Food:''' ecological agriculture, biological food, contact with nature
*'''Social:''' co-production and inhabitants involvement in the building process; variety of dwellings according to architecture, size and price leading to social diversity
*'''Integration of different functions:''' living, working, recreation, education, social etc.(4)

* '''''How have they been expressed or incorporated?'''''

*'''Energy:''' annual energy use of 50 GJ / household (approx. 1250 m3 gas and 2500 kWh electricity) / year; mainly RES: small Canadian wind turbines installed; biomass station for power and heat generation; most houses dispose of solar panels for electricity and solar collectors for hot water(as shown in Eva-3); excellent insulation. Where entire roofs are covered by solar panels, electricity is fed in the public grid during summer and partly in spring and autumn. In order to keep track of electricity use most residents take part in a monitoring program.
*'''Water & sewage:''' separate water delivery system: rainwater running off roofs (as shown in Eva-4) is led to retention pools (as shown in Eva-5) by a drainage system; rainwater running off road surfaces is collected in a sewer system flowing into ditches; waste water from kitchen sinks and washing machines is collected in another sewer system, treated and lead into ditches; waste water from toilets is collected separately, fluids are filtered and the solid component is used for biogas production.
*'''Transport:''' fast and attractive scheme of bicycle routes and foot paths; walking distance to Culemborg central train and bus station; limited car use; approx. 55 households share a fleet of seven cars: 0.7 cars/household; car free district: parking places situated at the edges of the housing area; cars allowed for delivery only.
*'''Social:''' The bottom up approach of involving the intending residents in all aspects of the project’s conception, planning, design and construction is showing positive results in terms of awareness and sustainable behavior. Inhabitants are organized in a residents' association which takes care of the maintenance of the area. In the neighborhood, there are many forms of cooperation, focused on subjects such as the maintenance of nature, energy, education and the urban ecological farm. While it may have taken more time than a developer led project, EVA Lanxmeer is paying clear dividends in providing aesthetically pleasing houses for living and creating a community that will work socially and ecologically with employment on site.
*'''Land use:''' built according to the "pergola" plan meaning smooth transitions between private and common (no walls nor fences), cultivating food in the area for the residents, limit of transport and trade beside participation of the people on the farm; live-work-recreate close to each other; 4 inter-connected main green areas communicating with private gardens, municipal land and the urban farm; integrated functions: the need for work places, manufacturing, food production, community areas, and private and government houses.
*'''Materials:''' dwellings are built using sustainable construction materials.

=== Analysis of design/planning process ===
* '''''How was the area/project/plan formulated and implemented?'''''

'''Formulation of the plan'''

* In the beginning Eva lanxmeer was just a concept made by scientists. In 1994 they started the Eva Foundation as an ecological center for Education, Information and Advice. The people in this foundation where from a lot of different disciplines, like architecture, landscape architecture, agriculture, healthcare, energy and art. They wanted sustainable planning by combining technology and innovation with environment and behavior. They wanted to realize an example project for an ecological and sustainable way of urbanization.

'''Implementation of the plan'''

* Not long after the Eva foundation existed more and more future inhabitants got into this network. They started as a group of people who had no power, but got the project into realization by working their way up toward realization. You could call it Bottom-up approach. That means that the project has not implemented from the top (government). After some while when they saw the importance of sustainability, the Culemborg municipality got involved with the project. The urbanization plan was made by organizing workshops, ateliers en master classes. In this process interdisciplinary people, future inhabitants and the municipality where active.

* '''''Were there any important consultations/collaborations?''' ''

* The most important in this process are public consultations, by which the public could have input on the project. By publishing what was going to happen they give people information, also the people of the rest of the city. They also consulted the interest groups on their opinion and used participation to involve the these groups in the making of the plans. This improved the public involvement, transparency of the project, understanding and also the efficiency of the project. That is what we would like to see more in the future.

=== Analysis of use/users ===
* ''''' How is the area/project/plan used and by whom?'''''

The project is was used by EVA foundation members and some local people including some scientists and engineers in Culemborg.

* ''''' Is the use changing? Are there any issues?'''''

The use hasn't been changed yet.

=== Core Question 2: What is the role of landscape architecture in this project? ===

Landscape architecture is the carrier of the environment. It offer the local people comfortable recreational place and the energy resource. Besides it also give chances for local people to speak out their ideas of their own ideal landscape and realize it.

=== You may add 1-2 more core questions as discussed in your group ===

=== Image Gallery ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Fig.1_Map.jpg‎|Fig.1_Map.jpg‎
Image:Fig.2_Old_map_of_Culemborg_in_1649.jpg|Fig.2_Old_map_of_Culemborg_in_1649.jpg
Image:Eva-1.jpg|Eva-1.jpg
Image:Eva-2.jpg|Eva-2.jpg
Image:Eva-3.jpg|Eva-3.jpg
Image:Eva-4.jpg|Eva-4.jpg
Image:Eva-5.jpg|Eva-5.jpg
</gallery>

=== References ===
Please add literature, documentations and weblinks

*(1), (2), (3), (4) from: www.eva-lanxmeer.nl
*Fig.1 from Google Map
*Fig.2 from http://sites.google.com/site/chinhdangvu/google-earth/netherlands-on-google-earth/culemborg-on-google-earth
*Eva-1、Eva-1、Eva-3、EVA-5 from http://www.water-in-zicht.nl/projecten/eva-lanxmeer-culemborg
*Eva-4 from http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/EVA-_Lanxmeer_Green_roof2_2009.jpg
*http://www.virtualtourist.com/travel/Europe/Netherlands/Provincie_Gelderland/Culemborg-462481/TravelGuide-Culemborg.html
*http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/archi/programmes/cost8/case/watersewerage/netherlands-sustainablehousing.html
*http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/archi/programmes/cost8/case/watersewerage/netherlands-sustainablehousing.html
*www.bel-lanxmeer.nl
*www.kwarteel.nl/volgende/container.html
*Dr.ir. A. van Timmeren Sustainable Urban Decentralization: Case EVA Lanxmeer, Culemborg, The Netherlands

----
[[Category:Case Study]]
[[Category:Future Landscapes Group 1 Case Study]]
About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Case Study Wageningen

2010-11-21T14:57:50Z

Avacoco:

---> back to overview of [[Future Landscapes Group 1]]

'''add your case study title''' by ''add authors''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''EVA Lanxmeer''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Culemborg''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Netherlands''
|-
| '''Office''' || style="background:Lavender"|''A dynamic interdisciplinary process ''
|-
| '''Client''' || style="background:Lavender"|''E.V.A. foundation''
|-
| '''Completion''' || style="background:Lavender"|''2000 start building, 2005 end building''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:projectimage.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| <googlemap version="0.9" lat="52.09" lon="5.349" type="satellite" zoom="9" width="300" height="250">
</googlemap>
|}

=== Core Question 1: In how far does this project reveal your concept of future landscapes? ===

In our opinion, future landscape should be eco friendly and sustainable mingled with profund public participation. While it also should have aesthetic values and various kinds of spaces to afford users' recreational demands.
EVA Lanxmeer just has all the characters as we mention above. So we choose this built project as the future landscape.

=== Landscape and/or urban context===
'''''Biogeography:'''''
*Located in the town of Culemborg in Netherlands
*Culemborg is in the center of the Netherlands and situated in the south of Lek River (the map is shown in Fig.1_Map.jpg‎)

'''''Overall character:'''''
*'''Environmentally-friendly-housing development'''
*'''Ecotown'''
*'''Sustainability:''' Sustainability plays an important role in this project. The organizations of EVA Lanxmeer use many methods to achieve the principle, like using sustainable materials, building many recreation facilities. Among these recreation facilities, water system is one of the most important part.
*'''Genius Loci:''' The structure of the urban plan is mainly based on the record of the existing landscape. The polder Lanxmeer covers various historic items. Firstly, an ancient river bed crosses the area. Also, it covers archaeological findings from the Roman era. Not only to preserve this landscape, but also to use the natural conditions for (short periods, seasonal) water storage special attention was paid for the implementation of the landscape elements in the project.
*'''Community participation'''
*'''Creative design process:''' bottom-up. The Lanxmeer project was initiated by the E.V.A. Foundation in 1994. The Lanxmeer concept was developed by a group of scientists having diverse backgrounds. Some of them were already keen to settle in Lanxmeer. The network grew quickly and a group of future inhabitants was created and regularly met to co-create the foundations of the project. In 1996, 80 families had already subscribed, having a positive impact on the elected representatives of Culemborg municipality. The future inhabitants participated in several workshops; additionally an Urban Development Plan was drafted in dialogue with (future) residents and users.
Following a ‘sustainable development’ training course and being aware of the wide interest of possible future residents, Culemborg municipality took interest in the project. Today, Lanxmeer is a co-production of Culemborg municipality and E.V.A. Foundation.

'''''History and dynamics:'''''
*Culemborg was received city rights in 1315.
*In Joannes Blaeu's map of 1649, Culemborg remains entirely enclosed by walls behind its city moat-like encircling canals. The moated castle stands outside the city walls. Houses present a united front along streets and the two canals that cut the city in three sections, but they all face gardens behind, and market gardens are plentiful within the city walls.
*In 1995, Culemborg was one of the cities which were temporarily evacuated because of the risk of flooding. (the map is shown in Fig.2_Old_map_of_Culemborg_in_1649.jpg)

=== Cultural/social/political context===
*Brief explanation of culture, political economy, legal framework

'''''Culture and politics'''''

* Nowadays people in Netherlands are fighting for spaces. What to do with it? Should we build houses, make nature or place companies? The Netherland is quite small, so we try to think about the choices before changing the landscape and it’s functions. At the moment are people getting more aware of nature and environment. People want space for recreation in a beautiful landscape that is formed by culture and nature. They would like to be more sustainable, but don’t know how to change their habits. The government is trying to influence these habits by stimulating several kinds of projects. Like separation of waste and recycling, or green energy projects.

* The Eva lanxmeer project was stimulated to develope in certain ways. They got money from the German Ministry for Education, Science, Technology and Research because they chose Eva Lanxmeer as an European demonstration project. The Dutch Ministry for Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment provided subsidies and the project also got some stimulation funds for Architecture.

* It is also because people are getting more aware of nature, food production, energy systems and water problems, that there is a mark for this kind of sustainable housing projects. It is a good example to inspiration on the citizen’s initiatives.

* In Netherlands there are generally spoken 2 models of decision making:
• '''referee model''', in which one person or group decides a matter when there is a conflict, this model places the problem at the opposing individuals and interest groups.
• '''interaction model''', in which all “partners” in the process have to agree with the decision, in this model the decision makers are the cause the problems.
With the Eva lanxmeer project the second model for decision making was used. All partners had to declare their willingness at certain points. This participation model is growing in Netherlands, A thing of which we think that should be developed and improved in the future.

=== Spatial analysis of area/project/plan===
*'''''What are the main structural features?'''''

Lanxmeer consists of 250 dwellings, 40.000 m2 of offices and business units, an urban ecological farm, an information centre, wellness centre, congress centre, bars, restaurants and a hotel.(1) (The layout is shown as picture Eva-1)

*'''''How has it been shaped?'''''

It incorporates many of the principles of high environmental quality and ecotown but its principal originality is the promotion of the constant participation of the inhabitants. Indeed, this area was designed and conducted with representatives of future residents in a creative bottom-up process . It is often regarded as a model for several of its aspects. (2)

*'''''Were there any critical decisions?'''''

The Lanxmeer ecological project is meant to promote sustainable development by being an example of integrated approach towards sustainable planning.
The chosen approach is to integrate technology/innovation ('hardware') and the environment and behavior ('software') to achieve preservation of natural resources in everyday life.
The final Lanxmeer project programme contains six areas which form the Lanxmeer coherent and integrated Eco framework:
energy, water, landscape, mobility, chain management and communication and education.
Moreover the municipality set ‘integration of functions’ as a one of the crucial criteria for the district.(3)

=== Analysis of program/function ===
* '''''What are the main functional characteristics?'''''

Lanxmeer integrates different urban functions, providing good equilibrium between social, economic, cultural, educational, recreational and sustainable interests.
*'''Energy:''' sustainable energy systems - striving towards zero-energy balance: energy production + minimised consumption of fossil energy sources; energy production from waste and sewage, energy-independent dwelling, not being connected to the grid
*'''Water:''' integrated water management system and local biological water treatment; rainwater for toilets and washing machine; the sewage is used for biogas production. Water system is shown as Eva-2.
*'''Materials:''' sustainable building programme; the chain management objective is to close down material cycle in terms of origin, transport, production, use, reuse and recycling.
*'''Land use:''' sustainable city planning - good balance between urban land use and green spaces, public and private gardens
*'''Transport:''' support public transport and limit car use
*'''Food:''' ecological agriculture, biological food, contact with nature
*'''Social:''' co-production and inhabitants involvement in the building process; variety of dwellings according to architecture, size and price leading to social diversity
*'''Integration of different functions:''' living, working, recreation, education, social etc.(4)

* '''''How have they been expressed or incorporated?'''''

*'''Energy:''' annual energy use of 50 GJ / household (approx. 1250 m3 gas and 2500 kWh electricity) / year; mainly RES: small Canadian wind turbines installed; biomass station for power and heat generation; most houses dispose of solar panels for electricity and solar collectors for hot water(as shown in Eva-3); excellent insulation. Where entire roofs are covered by solar panels, electricity is fed in the public grid during summer and partly in spring and autumn. In order to keep track of electricity use most residents take part in a monitoring program.
*'''Water & sewage:''' separate water delivery system: rainwater running off roofs (as shown in Eva-4) is led to retention pools (as shown in Eva-5) by a drainage system; rainwater running off road surfaces is collected in a sewer system flowing into ditches; waste water from kitchen sinks and washing machines is collected in another sewer system, treated and lead into ditches; waste water from toilets is collected separately, fluids are filtered and the solid component is used for biogas production.
*'''Transport:''' fast and attractive scheme of bicycle routes and foot paths; walking distance to Culemborg central train and bus station; limited car use; approx. 55 households share a fleet of seven cars: 0.7 cars/household; car free district: parking places situated at the edges of the housing area; cars allowed for delivery only.
*'''Social:''' The bottom up approach of involving the intending residents in all aspects of the project’s conception, planning, design and construction is showing positive results in terms of awareness and sustainable behavior. Inhabitants are organized in a residents' association which takes care of the maintenance of the area. In the neighborhood, there are many forms of cooperation, focused on subjects such as the maintenance of nature, energy, education and the urban ecological farm. While it may have taken more time than a developer led project, EVA Lanxmeer is paying clear dividends in providing aesthetically pleasing houses for living and creating a community that will work socially and ecologically with employment on site.
*'''Land use:''' built according to the "pergola" plan meaning smooth transitions between private and common (no walls nor fences), cultivating food in the area for the residents, limit of transport and trade beside participation of the people on the farm; live-work-recreate close to each other; 4 inter-connected main green areas communicating with private gardens, municipal land and the urban farm; integrated functions: the need for work places, manufacturing, food production, community areas, and private and government houses.
*'''Materials:''' dwellings are built using sustainable construction materials.

=== Analysis of design/planning process ===
* '''''How was the area/project/plan formulated and implemented?'''''

'''Formulation of the plan'''

* In the beginning Eva lanxmeer was just a concept made by scientists. In 1994 they started the Eva Foundation as an ecological center for Education, Information and Advice. The people in this foundation where from a lot of different disciplines, like architecture, landscape architecture, agriculture, healthcare, energy and art. They wanted sustainable planning by combining technology and innovation with environment and behavior. They wanted to realize an example project for an ecological and sustainable way of urbanization.

'''Implementation of the plan'''

* Not long after the Eva foundation existed more and more future inhabitants got into this network. They started as a group of people who had no power, but got the project into realization by working their way up toward realization. You could call it Bottom-up approach. That means that the project has not implemented from the top (government). After some while when they saw the importance of sustainability, the Culemborg municipality got involved with the project. The urbanization plan was made by organizing workshops, ateliers en master classes. In this process interdisciplinary people, future inhabitants and the municipality where active.

* '''''Were there any important consultations/collaborations?''' ''

* The most important in this process are public consultations, by which the public could have input on the project. By publishing what was going to happen they give people information, also the people of the rest of the city. They also consulted the interest groups on their opinion and used participation to involve the these groups in the making of the plans. This improved the public involvement, transparency of the project, understanding and also the efficiency of the project. That is what we would like to see more in the future.

=== Analysis of use/users ===
* ''''' How is the area/project/plan used and by whom?'''''

The project is was used by EVA foundation members and some local people including some scientists and engineers in Culemborg.

* ''''' Is the use changing? Are there any issues?'''''

The use hasn't been changed yet.

=== Core Question 2: What is the role of landscape architecture in this project? ===

Landscape architecture is the carrier of the environment. It offer the local people comfortable recreational place and the energy resource. Besides it also give chances for local people to speak out their ideas of their own ideal landscape and realize it.

=== You may add 1-2 more core questions as discussed in your group ===

=== Image Gallery ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Fig.1_Map.jpg‎|Fig.1_Map.jpg‎
Image:Fig.2_Old_map_of_Culemborg_in_1649.jpg|Fig.2_Old_map_of_Culemborg_in_1649.jpg
Image:Eva-1.jpg|Eva-1.jpg
Image:Eva-2.jpg|Eva-2.jpg
Image:Eva-3.jpg|Eva-3.jpg
Image:Eva-4.jpg|Eva-4.jpg
Image:Eva-5.jpg|Eva-5.jpg
</gallery>

=== References ===
Please add literature, documentations and weblinks

*(1), (2), (3), (4) from: www.eva-lanxmeer.nl
*Fig.1 from Google Map
*Fig.2 from http://sites.google.com/site/chinhdangvu/google-earth/netherlands-on-google-earth/culemborg-on-google-earth
*Eva-1、Eva-1、Eva-3、EVA-5 from http://www.water-in-zicht.nl/projecten/eva-lanxmeer-culemborg
*Eva-4 from http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/EVA-_Lanxmeer_Green_roof2_2009.jpg
*http://www.virtualtourist.com/travel/Europe/Netherlands/Provincie_Gelderland/Culemborg-462481/TravelGuide-Culemborg.html
*http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/archi/programmes/cost8/case/watersewerage/netherlands-sustainablehousing.html
*http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/archi/programmes/cost8/case/watersewerage/netherlands-sustainablehousing.html
*www.bel-lanxmeer.nl
*www.kwarteel.nl/volgende/container.html
*Dr.ir. A. van Timmeren Sustainable Urban Decentralization: Case EVA Lanxmeer, Culemborg, The Netherlands

----
[[Category:Case Study]]
[[Category:Future Landscapes Group 1 Case Study]]
About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Case Study Wageningen

2010-11-21T14:39:58Z

Avacoco: /* Analysis of design/planning process */

---> back to overview of [[Future Landscapes Group 1]]

'''add your case study title''' by ''add authors''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''name of project''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''location''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''country''
|-
| '''Office''' || style="background:Lavender"|''office or planner/designer''
|-
| '''Client''' || style="background:Lavender"|''please enter the client here''
|-
| '''Completion''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Please enter the date of completion''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:projectimage.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| <googlemap version="0.9" lat="-23.581609" lon="-46.590271" type="satellite" zoom="9" width="300" height="250">
</googlemap>
|}

=== Core Question 1: In how far does this project reveal your concept of future landscapes? ===

In our opinion, future landscape should be eco friendly and sustainable mingled with profund public participation. While it also should have aesthetic values and various kinds of spaces to afford users' recreational demands.
EVA Lanxmeer just has all the characters as we mention above. So we choose this built project as the future landscape.

=== Landscape and/or urban context===
'''''Biogeography:'''''
*Located in the town of Culemborg in Netherlands
*Culemborg is in the center of the Netherlands and situated in the south of Lek River (the map is shown in Fig.1_Map.jpg‎)

'''''Overall character:'''''
*'''Environmentally-friendly-housing development'''
*'''Ecotown'''
*'''Sustainability:''' Sustainability plays an important role in this project. The organizations of EVA Lanxmeer use many methods to achieve the principle, like using sustainable materials, building many recreation facilities. Among these recreation facilities, water system is one of the most important part.
*'''Genius Loci:''' The structure of the urban plan is mainly based on the record of the existing landscape. The polder Lanxmeer covers various historic items. Firstly, an ancient river bed crosses the area. Also, it covers archaeological findings from the Roman era. Not only to preserve this landscape, but also to use the natural conditions for (short periods, seasonal) water storage special attention was paid for the implementation of the landscape elements in the project.
*'''Community participation'''
*'''Creative design process:''' bottom-up. The Lanxmeer project was initiated by the E.V.A. Foundation in 1994. The Lanxmeer concept was developed by a group of scientists having diverse backgrounds. Some of them were already keen to settle in Lanxmeer. The network grew quickly and a group of future inhabitants was created and regularly met to co-create the foundations of the project. In 1996, 80 families had already subscribed, having a positive impact on the elected representatives of Culemborg municipality. The future inhabitants participated in several workshops; additionally an Urban Development Plan was drafted in dialogue with (future) residents and users.
Following a ‘sustainable development’ training course and being aware of the wide interest of possible future residents, Culemborg municipality took interest in the project. Today, Lanxmeer is a co-production of Culemborg municipality and E.V.A. Foundation.

'''''History and dynamics:'''''
*Culemborg was received city rights in 1315.
*In Joannes Blaeu's map of 1649, Culemborg remains entirely enclosed by walls behind its city moat-like encircling canals. The moated castle stands outside the city walls. Houses present a united front along streets and the two canals that cut the city in three sections, but they all face gardens behind, and market gardens are plentiful within the city walls.
*In 1995, Culemborg was one of the cities which were temporarily evacuated because of the risk of flooding. (the map is shown in Fig.2_Old_map_of_Culemborg_in_1649.jpg)

=== Cultural/social/political context===
*Brief explanation of culture, political economy, legal framework

'''''Culture and politics'''''

* Nowadays people in Netherlands are fighting for spaces. What to do with it? Should we build houses, make nature or place companies? The Netherland is quite small, so we try to think about the choices before changing the landscape and it’s functions. At the moment are people getting more aware of nature and environment. People want space for recreation in a beautiful landscape that is formed by culture and nature. They would like to be more sustainable, but don’t know how to change their habits. The government is trying to influence these habits by stimulating several kinds of projects. Like separation of waste and recycling, or green energy projects.

* The Eva lanxmeer project was stimulated to develope in certain ways. They got money from the German Ministry for Education, Science, Technology and Research because they chose Eva Lanxmeer as an European demonstration project. The Dutch Ministry for Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment provided subsidies and the project also got some stimulation funds for Architecture.

* It is also because people are getting more aware of nature, food production, energy systems and water problems, that there is a mark for this kind of sustainable housing projects. It is a good example to inspiration on the citizen’s initiatives.

* In Netherlands there are generally spoken 2 models of decision making:
• '''referee model''', in which one person or group decides a matter when there is a conflict, this model places the problem at the opposing individuals and interest groups.
• '''interaction model''', in which all “partners” in the process have to agree with the decision, in this model the decision makers are the cause the problems.
With the Eva lanxmeer project the second model for decision making was used. All partners had to declare their willingness at certain points. This participation model is growing in Netherlands, A thing of which we think that should be developed and improved in the future.

=== Spatial analysis of area/project/plan===
*'''''What are the main structural features?'''''

Lanxmeer consists of 250 dwellings, 40.000 m2 of offices and business units, an urban ecological farm, an information centre, wellness centre, congress centre, bars, restaurants and a hotel.(1) (The layout is shown as picture Eva-1)

*'''''How has it been shaped?'''''

It incorporates many of the principles of high environmental quality and ecotown but its principal originality is the promotion of the constant participation of the inhabitants. Indeed, this area was designed and conducted with representatives of future residents in a creative bottom-up process . It is often regarded as a model for several of its aspects. (2)

*'''''Were there any critical decisions?'''''

The Lanxmeer ecological project is meant to promote sustainable development by being an example of integrated approach towards sustainable planning.
The chosen approach is to integrate technology/innovation ('hardware') and the environment and behavior ('software') to achieve preservation of natural resources in everyday life.
The final Lanxmeer project programme contains six areas which form the Lanxmeer coherent and integrated Eco framework:
energy, water, landscape, mobility, chain management and communication and education.
Moreover the municipality set ‘integration of functions’ as a one of the crucial criteria for the district.(3)

=== Analysis of program/function ===
* '''''What are the main functional characteristics?'''''

Lanxmeer integrates different urban functions, providing good equilibrium between social, economic, cultural, educational, recreational and sustainable interests.
*'''Energy:''' sustainable energy systems - striving towards zero-energy balance: energy production + minimised consumption of fossil energy sources; energy production from waste and sewage, energy-independent dwelling, not being connected to the grid
*'''Water:''' integrated water management system and local biological water treatment; rainwater for toilets and washing machine; the sewage is used for biogas production. Water system is shown as Eva-2.
*'''Materials:''' sustainable building programme; the chain management objective is to close down material cycle in terms of origin, transport, production, use, reuse and recycling.
*'''Land use:''' sustainable city planning - good balance between urban land use and green spaces, public and private gardens
*'''Transport:''' support public transport and limit car use
*'''Food:''' ecological agriculture, biological food, contact with nature
*'''Social:''' co-production and inhabitants involvement in the building process; variety of dwellings according to architecture, size and price leading to social diversity
*'''Integration of different functions:''' living, working, recreation, education, social etc.(4)

* '''''How have they been expressed or incorporated?'''''

*'''Energy:''' annual energy use of 50 GJ / household (approx. 1250 m3 gas and 2500 kWh electricity) / year; mainly RES: small Canadian wind turbines installed; biomass station for power and heat generation; most houses dispose of solar panels for electricity and solar collectors for hot water(as shown in Eva-3); excellent insulation. Where entire roofs are covered by solar panels, electricity is fed in the public grid during summer and partly in spring and autumn. In order to keep track of electricity use most residents take part in a monitoring program.
*'''Water & sewage:''' separate water delivery system: rainwater running off roofs (as shown in Eva-4) is led to retention pools (as shown in Eva-5) by a drainage system; rainwater running off road surfaces is collected in a sewer system flowing into ditches; waste water from kitchen sinks and washing machines is collected in another sewer system, treated and lead into ditches; waste water from toilets is collected separately, fluids are filtered and the solid component is used for biogas production.
*'''Transport:''' fast and attractive scheme of bicycle routes and foot paths; walking distance to Culemborg central train and bus station; limited car use; approx. 55 households share a fleet of seven cars: 0.7 cars/household; car free district: parking places situated at the edges of the housing area; cars allowed for delivery only.
*'''Social:''' The bottom up approach of involving the intending residents in all aspects of the project’s conception, planning, design and construction is showing positive results in terms of awareness and sustainable behavior. Inhabitants are organized in a residents' association which takes care of the maintenance of the area. In the neighborhood, there are many forms of cooperation, focused on subjects such as the maintenance of nature, energy, education and the urban ecological farm. While it may have taken more time than a developer led project, EVA Lanxmeer is paying clear dividends in providing aesthetically pleasing houses for living and creating a community that will work socially and ecologically with employment on site.
*'''Land use:''' built according to the "pergola" plan meaning smooth transitions between private and common (no walls nor fences), cultivating food in the area for the residents, limit of transport and trade beside participation of the people on the farm; live-work-recreate close to each other; 4 inter-connected main green areas communicating with private gardens, municipal land and the urban farm; integrated functions: the need for work places, manufacturing, food production, community areas, and private and government houses.
*'''Materials:''' dwellings are built using sustainable construction materials.

=== Analysis of design/planning process ===
* '''''How was the area/project/plan formulated and implemented?'''''

'''Formulation of the plan'''

* In the beginning Eva lanxmeer was just a concept made by scientists. In 1994 they started the Eva Foundation as an ecological center for Education, Information and Advice. The people in this foundation where from a lot of different disciplines, like architecture, landscape architecture, agriculture, healthcare, energy and art. They wanted sustainable planning by combining technology and innovation with environment and behavior. They wanted to realize an example project for an ecological and sustainable way of urbanization.

'''Implementation of the plan'''

* Not long after the Eva foundation existed more and more future inhabitants got into this network. They started as a group of people who had no power, but got the project into realization by working their way up toward realization. You could call it Bottom-up approach. That means that the project has not implemented from the top (government). After some while when they saw the importance of sustainability, the Culemborg municipality got involved with the project. The urbanization plan was made by organizing workshops, ateliers en master classes. In this process interdisciplinary people, future inhabitants and the municipality where active.

* '''''Were there any important consultations/collaborations?''' ''

* The most important in this process are public consultations, by which the public could have input on the project. By publishing what was going to happen they give people information, also the people of the rest of the city. They also consulted the interest groups on their opinion and used participation to involve the these groups in the making of the plans. This improved the public involvement, transparency of the project, understanding and also the efficiency of the project. That is what we would like to see more in the future.

=== Analysis of use/users ===
* ''''' How is the area/project/plan used and by whom?'''''

The project is was used by EVA foundation members and some local people including some scientists and engineers in Culemborg.

* ''''' Is the use changing? Are there any issues?'''''

The use hasn't been changed yet.

=== Core Question 2: What is the role of landscape architecture in this project? ===

Landscape architecture is the carrier of the environment. It offer the local people comfortable recreational place and the energy resource. Besides it also give chances for local people to speak out their ideas of their own ideal landscape and realize it.

=== You may add 1-2 more core questions as discussed in your group ===

=== Image Gallery ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Fig.1_Map.jpg‎|Fig.1_Map.jpg‎
Image:Fig.2_Old_map_of_Culemborg_in_1649.jpg|Fig.2_Old_map_of_Culemborg_in_1649.jpg
Image:Eva-1.jpg|Eva-1.jpg
Image:Eva-2.jpg|Eva-2.jpg
Image:Eva-3.jpg|Eva-3.jpg
Image:Eva-4.jpg|Eva-4.jpg
Image:Eva-5.jpg|Eva-5.jpg
</gallery>

=== References ===
Please add literature, documentations and weblinks

*(1), (2), (3), (4) from: www.eva-lanxmeer.nl
*Fig.1 from Google Map
*Fig.2 from http://sites.google.com/site/chinhdangvu/google-earth/netherlands-on-google-earth/culemborg-on-google-earth
*Eva-1、Eva-1、Eva-3、EVA-5 from http://www.water-in-zicht.nl/projecten/eva-lanxmeer-culemborg
*Eva-4 from http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/EVA-_Lanxmeer_Green_roof2_2009.jpg
*http://www.virtualtourist.com/travel/Europe/Netherlands/Provincie_Gelderland/Culemborg-462481/TravelGuide-Culemborg.html
*http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/archi/programmes/cost8/case/watersewerage/netherlands-sustainablehousing.html
*http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/archi/programmes/cost8/case/watersewerage/netherlands-sustainablehousing.html
*www.bel-lanxmeer.nl
*www.kwarteel.nl/volgende/container.html
*Dr.ir. A. van Timmeren Sustainable Urban Decentralization: Case EVA Lanxmeer, Culemborg, The Netherlands

----
[[Category:Case Study]]
[[Category:Future Landscapes Group 1 Case Study]]
About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Case Study Wageningen

2010-11-21T14:39:33Z

Avacoco: /* Analysis of design/planning process */

---> back to overview of [[Future Landscapes Group 1]]

'''add your case study title''' by ''add authors''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''name of project''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''location''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''country''
|-
| '''Office''' || style="background:Lavender"|''office or planner/designer''
|-
| '''Client''' || style="background:Lavender"|''please enter the client here''
|-
| '''Completion''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Please enter the date of completion''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:projectimage.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| <googlemap version="0.9" lat="-23.581609" lon="-46.590271" type="satellite" zoom="9" width="300" height="250">
</googlemap>
|}

=== Core Question 1: In how far does this project reveal your concept of future landscapes? ===

In our opinion, future landscape should be eco friendly and sustainable mingled with profund public participation. While it also should have aesthetic values and various kinds of spaces to afford users' recreational demands.
EVA Lanxmeer just has all the characters as we mention above. So we choose this built project as the future landscape.

=== Landscape and/or urban context===
'''''Biogeography:'''''
*Located in the town of Culemborg in Netherlands
*Culemborg is in the center of the Netherlands and situated in the south of Lek River (the map is shown in Fig.1_Map.jpg‎)

'''''Overall character:'''''
*'''Environmentally-friendly-housing development'''
*'''Ecotown'''
*'''Sustainability:''' Sustainability plays an important role in this project. The organizations of EVA Lanxmeer use many methods to achieve the principle, like using sustainable materials, building many recreation facilities. Among these recreation facilities, water system is one of the most important part.
*'''Genius Loci:''' The structure of the urban plan is mainly based on the record of the existing landscape. The polder Lanxmeer covers various historic items. Firstly, an ancient river bed crosses the area. Also, it covers archaeological findings from the Roman era. Not only to preserve this landscape, but also to use the natural conditions for (short periods, seasonal) water storage special attention was paid for the implementation of the landscape elements in the project.
*'''Community participation'''
*'''Creative design process:''' bottom-up. The Lanxmeer project was initiated by the E.V.A. Foundation in 1994. The Lanxmeer concept was developed by a group of scientists having diverse backgrounds. Some of them were already keen to settle in Lanxmeer. The network grew quickly and a group of future inhabitants was created and regularly met to co-create the foundations of the project. In 1996, 80 families had already subscribed, having a positive impact on the elected representatives of Culemborg municipality. The future inhabitants participated in several workshops; additionally an Urban Development Plan was drafted in dialogue with (future) residents and users.
Following a ‘sustainable development’ training course and being aware of the wide interest of possible future residents, Culemborg municipality took interest in the project. Today, Lanxmeer is a co-production of Culemborg municipality and E.V.A. Foundation.

'''''History and dynamics:'''''
*Culemborg was received city rights in 1315.
*In Joannes Blaeu's map of 1649, Culemborg remains entirely enclosed by walls behind its city moat-like encircling canals. The moated castle stands outside the city walls. Houses present a united front along streets and the two canals that cut the city in three sections, but they all face gardens behind, and market gardens are plentiful within the city walls.
*In 1995, Culemborg was one of the cities which were temporarily evacuated because of the risk of flooding. (the map is shown in Fig.2_Old_map_of_Culemborg_in_1649.jpg)

=== Cultural/social/political context===
*Brief explanation of culture, political economy, legal framework

'''''Culture and politics'''''

* Nowadays people in Netherlands are fighting for spaces. What to do with it? Should we build houses, make nature or place companies? The Netherland is quite small, so we try to think about the choices before changing the landscape and it’s functions. At the moment are people getting more aware of nature and environment. People want space for recreation in a beautiful landscape that is formed by culture and nature. They would like to be more sustainable, but don’t know how to change their habits. The government is trying to influence these habits by stimulating several kinds of projects. Like separation of waste and recycling, or green energy projects.

* The Eva lanxmeer project was stimulated to develope in certain ways. They got money from the German Ministry for Education, Science, Technology and Research because they chose Eva Lanxmeer as an European demonstration project. The Dutch Ministry for Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment provided subsidies and the project also got some stimulation funds for Architecture.

* It is also because people are getting more aware of nature, food production, energy systems and water problems, that there is a mark for this kind of sustainable housing projects. It is a good example to inspiration on the citizen’s initiatives.

* In Netherlands there are generally spoken 2 models of decision making:
• '''referee model''', in which one person or group decides a matter when there is a conflict, this model places the problem at the opposing individuals and interest groups.
• '''interaction model''', in which all “partners” in the process have to agree with the decision, in this model the decision makers are the cause the problems.
With the Eva lanxmeer project the second model for decision making was used. All partners had to declare their willingness at certain points. This participation model is growing in Netherlands, A thing of which we think that should be developed and improved in the future.

=== Spatial analysis of area/project/plan===
*'''''What are the main structural features?'''''

Lanxmeer consists of 250 dwellings, 40.000 m2 of offices and business units, an urban ecological farm, an information centre, wellness centre, congress centre, bars, restaurants and a hotel.(1) (The layout is shown as picture Eva-1)

*'''''How has it been shaped?'''''

It incorporates many of the principles of high environmental quality and ecotown but its principal originality is the promotion of the constant participation of the inhabitants. Indeed, this area was designed and conducted with representatives of future residents in a creative bottom-up process . It is often regarded as a model for several of its aspects. (2)

*'''''Were there any critical decisions?'''''

The Lanxmeer ecological project is meant to promote sustainable development by being an example of integrated approach towards sustainable planning.
The chosen approach is to integrate technology/innovation ('hardware') and the environment and behavior ('software') to achieve preservation of natural resources in everyday life.
The final Lanxmeer project programme contains six areas which form the Lanxmeer coherent and integrated Eco framework:
energy, water, landscape, mobility, chain management and communication and education.
Moreover the municipality set ‘integration of functions’ as a one of the crucial criteria for the district.(3)

=== Analysis of program/function ===
* '''''What are the main functional characteristics?'''''

Lanxmeer integrates different urban functions, providing good equilibrium between social, economic, cultural, educational, recreational and sustainable interests.
*'''Energy:''' sustainable energy systems - striving towards zero-energy balance: energy production + minimised consumption of fossil energy sources; energy production from waste and sewage, energy-independent dwelling, not being connected to the grid
*'''Water:''' integrated water management system and local biological water treatment; rainwater for toilets and washing machine; the sewage is used for biogas production. Water system is shown as Eva-2.
*'''Materials:''' sustainable building programme; the chain management objective is to close down material cycle in terms of origin, transport, production, use, reuse and recycling.
*'''Land use:''' sustainable city planning - good balance between urban land use and green spaces, public and private gardens
*'''Transport:''' support public transport and limit car use
*'''Food:''' ecological agriculture, biological food, contact with nature
*'''Social:''' co-production and inhabitants involvement in the building process; variety of dwellings according to architecture, size and price leading to social diversity
*'''Integration of different functions:''' living, working, recreation, education, social etc.(4)

* '''''How have they been expressed or incorporated?'''''

*'''Energy:''' annual energy use of 50 GJ / household (approx. 1250 m3 gas and 2500 kWh electricity) / year; mainly RES: small Canadian wind turbines installed; biomass station for power and heat generation; most houses dispose of solar panels for electricity and solar collectors for hot water(as shown in Eva-3); excellent insulation. Where entire roofs are covered by solar panels, electricity is fed in the public grid during summer and partly in spring and autumn. In order to keep track of electricity use most residents take part in a monitoring program.
*'''Water & sewage:''' separate water delivery system: rainwater running off roofs (as shown in Eva-4) is led to retention pools (as shown in Eva-5) by a drainage system; rainwater running off road surfaces is collected in a sewer system flowing into ditches; waste water from kitchen sinks and washing machines is collected in another sewer system, treated and lead into ditches; waste water from toilets is collected separately, fluids are filtered and the solid component is used for biogas production.
*'''Transport:''' fast and attractive scheme of bicycle routes and foot paths; walking distance to Culemborg central train and bus station; limited car use; approx. 55 households share a fleet of seven cars: 0.7 cars/household; car free district: parking places situated at the edges of the housing area; cars allowed for delivery only.
*'''Social:''' The bottom up approach of involving the intending residents in all aspects of the project’s conception, planning, design and construction is showing positive results in terms of awareness and sustainable behavior. Inhabitants are organized in a residents' association which takes care of the maintenance of the area. In the neighborhood, there are many forms of cooperation, focused on subjects such as the maintenance of nature, energy, education and the urban ecological farm. While it may have taken more time than a developer led project, EVA Lanxmeer is paying clear dividends in providing aesthetically pleasing houses for living and creating a community that will work socially and ecologically with employment on site.
*'''Land use:''' built according to the "pergola" plan meaning smooth transitions between private and common (no walls nor fences), cultivating food in the area for the residents, limit of transport and trade beside participation of the people on the farm; live-work-recreate close to each other; 4 inter-connected main green areas communicating with private gardens, municipal land and the urban farm; integrated functions: the need for work places, manufacturing, food production, community areas, and private and government houses.
*'''Materials:''' dwellings are built using sustainable construction materials.

=== Analysis of design/planning process ===
* '''''How was the area/project/plan formulated and implemented?'''''

'''Formulation of the plan'''

* In the beginning Eva lanxmeer was just a concept made by scientists. In 1994 they started the Eva Foundation as an ecological center for Education, Information and Advice. The people in this foundation where from a lot of different disciplines, like architecture, landscape architecture, agriculture, healthcare, energy and art. They wanted sustainable planning by combining technology and innovation with environment and behavior. They wanted to realize an example project for an ecological and sustainable way of urbanization.

'''Implementation of the plan'''

* Not long after the Eva foundation existed more and more future inhabitants got into this network. They started as a group of people who had no power, but got the project into realization by working their way up toward realization. You could call it Bottom-up approach. That means that the project has not implemented from the top (government). After some while when they saw the importance of sustainability, the Culemborg municipality got involved with the project. The urbanization plan was made by organizing workshops, ateliers en master classes. In this process interdisciplinary people, future inhabitants and the municipality where active.

* '''''Were there any important consultations/collaborations?''' ''

=== Analysis of use/users ===
* ''''' How is the area/project/plan used and by whom?'''''

The project is was used by EVA foundation members and some local people including some scientists and engineers in Culemborg.

* ''''' Is the use changing? Are there any issues?'''''

The use hasn't been changed yet.

=== Core Question 2: What is the role of landscape architecture in this project? ===

Landscape architecture is the carrier of the environment. It offer the local people comfortable recreational place and the energy resource. Besides it also give chances for local people to speak out their ideas of their own ideal landscape and realize it.

=== You may add 1-2 more core questions as discussed in your group ===

=== Image Gallery ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Fig.1_Map.jpg‎|Fig.1_Map.jpg‎
Image:Fig.2_Old_map_of_Culemborg_in_1649.jpg|Fig.2_Old_map_of_Culemborg_in_1649.jpg
Image:Eva-1.jpg|Eva-1.jpg
Image:Eva-2.jpg|Eva-2.jpg
Image:Eva-3.jpg|Eva-3.jpg
Image:Eva-4.jpg|Eva-4.jpg
Image:Eva-5.jpg|Eva-5.jpg
</gallery>

=== References ===
Please add literature, documentations and weblinks

*(1), (2), (3), (4) from: www.eva-lanxmeer.nl
*Fig.1 from Google Map
*Fig.2 from http://sites.google.com/site/chinhdangvu/google-earth/netherlands-on-google-earth/culemborg-on-google-earth
*Eva-1、Eva-1、Eva-3、EVA-5 from http://www.water-in-zicht.nl/projecten/eva-lanxmeer-culemborg
*Eva-4 from http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/EVA-_Lanxmeer_Green_roof2_2009.jpg
*http://www.virtualtourist.com/travel/Europe/Netherlands/Provincie_Gelderland/Culemborg-462481/TravelGuide-Culemborg.html
*http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/archi/programmes/cost8/case/watersewerage/netherlands-sustainablehousing.html
*http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/archi/programmes/cost8/case/watersewerage/netherlands-sustainablehousing.html
*www.bel-lanxmeer.nl
*www.kwarteel.nl/volgende/container.html
*Dr.ir. A. van Timmeren Sustainable Urban Decentralization: Case EVA Lanxmeer, Culemborg, The Netherlands

----
[[Category:Case Study]]
[[Category:Future Landscapes Group 1 Case Study]]
About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Case Study Wageningen

2010-11-21T14:38:02Z

Avacoco: /* Cultural/social/political context */

---> back to overview of [[Future Landscapes Group 1]]

'''add your case study title''' by ''add authors''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''name of project''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''location''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''country''
|-
| '''Office''' || style="background:Lavender"|''office or planner/designer''
|-
| '''Client''' || style="background:Lavender"|''please enter the client here''
|-
| '''Completion''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Please enter the date of completion''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:projectimage.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| <googlemap version="0.9" lat="-23.581609" lon="-46.590271" type="satellite" zoom="9" width="300" height="250">
</googlemap>
|}

=== Core Question 1: In how far does this project reveal your concept of future landscapes? ===

In our opinion, future landscape should be eco friendly and sustainable mingled with profund public participation. While it also should have aesthetic values and various kinds of spaces to afford users' recreational demands.
EVA Lanxmeer just has all the characters as we mention above. So we choose this built project as the future landscape.

=== Landscape and/or urban context===
'''''Biogeography:'''''
*Located in the town of Culemborg in Netherlands
*Culemborg is in the center of the Netherlands and situated in the south of Lek River (the map is shown in Fig.1_Map.jpg‎)

'''''Overall character:'''''
*'''Environmentally-friendly-housing development'''
*'''Ecotown'''
*'''Sustainability:''' Sustainability plays an important role in this project. The organizations of EVA Lanxmeer use many methods to achieve the principle, like using sustainable materials, building many recreation facilities. Among these recreation facilities, water system is one of the most important part.
*'''Genius Loci:''' The structure of the urban plan is mainly based on the record of the existing landscape. The polder Lanxmeer covers various historic items. Firstly, an ancient river bed crosses the area. Also, it covers archaeological findings from the Roman era. Not only to preserve this landscape, but also to use the natural conditions for (short periods, seasonal) water storage special attention was paid for the implementation of the landscape elements in the project.
*'''Community participation'''
*'''Creative design process:''' bottom-up. The Lanxmeer project was initiated by the E.V.A. Foundation in 1994. The Lanxmeer concept was developed by a group of scientists having diverse backgrounds. Some of them were already keen to settle in Lanxmeer. The network grew quickly and a group of future inhabitants was created and regularly met to co-create the foundations of the project. In 1996, 80 families had already subscribed, having a positive impact on the elected representatives of Culemborg municipality. The future inhabitants participated in several workshops; additionally an Urban Development Plan was drafted in dialogue with (future) residents and users.
Following a ‘sustainable development’ training course and being aware of the wide interest of possible future residents, Culemborg municipality took interest in the project. Today, Lanxmeer is a co-production of Culemborg municipality and E.V.A. Foundation.

'''''History and dynamics:'''''
*Culemborg was received city rights in 1315.
*In Joannes Blaeu's map of 1649, Culemborg remains entirely enclosed by walls behind its city moat-like encircling canals. The moated castle stands outside the city walls. Houses present a united front along streets and the two canals that cut the city in three sections, but they all face gardens behind, and market gardens are plentiful within the city walls.
*In 1995, Culemborg was one of the cities which were temporarily evacuated because of the risk of flooding. (the map is shown in Fig.2_Old_map_of_Culemborg_in_1649.jpg)

=== Cultural/social/political context===
*Brief explanation of culture, political economy, legal framework

'''''Culture and politics'''''

* Nowadays people in Netherlands are fighting for spaces. What to do with it? Should we build houses, make nature or place companies? The Netherland is quite small, so we try to think about the choices before changing the landscape and it’s functions. At the moment are people getting more aware of nature and environment. People want space for recreation in a beautiful landscape that is formed by culture and nature. They would like to be more sustainable, but don’t know how to change their habits. The government is trying to influence these habits by stimulating several kinds of projects. Like separation of waste and recycling, or green energy projects.

* The Eva lanxmeer project was stimulated to develope in certain ways. They got money from the German Ministry for Education, Science, Technology and Research because they chose Eva Lanxmeer as an European demonstration project. The Dutch Ministry for Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment provided subsidies and the project also got some stimulation funds for Architecture.

* It is also because people are getting more aware of nature, food production, energy systems and water problems, that there is a mark for this kind of sustainable housing projects. It is a good example to inspiration on the citizen’s initiatives.

* In Netherlands there are generally spoken 2 models of decision making:
• '''referee model''', in which one person or group decides a matter when there is a conflict, this model places the problem at the opposing individuals and interest groups.
• '''interaction model''', in which all “partners” in the process have to agree with the decision, in this model the decision makers are the cause the problems.
With the Eva lanxmeer project the second model for decision making was used. All partners had to declare their willingness at certain points. This participation model is growing in Netherlands, A thing of which we think that should be developed and improved in the future.

=== Spatial analysis of area/project/plan===
*'''''What are the main structural features?'''''

Lanxmeer consists of 250 dwellings, 40.000 m2 of offices and business units, an urban ecological farm, an information centre, wellness centre, congress centre, bars, restaurants and a hotel.(1) (The layout is shown as picture Eva-1)

*'''''How has it been shaped?'''''

It incorporates many of the principles of high environmental quality and ecotown but its principal originality is the promotion of the constant participation of the inhabitants. Indeed, this area was designed and conducted with representatives of future residents in a creative bottom-up process . It is often regarded as a model for several of its aspects. (2)

*'''''Were there any critical decisions?'''''

The Lanxmeer ecological project is meant to promote sustainable development by being an example of integrated approach towards sustainable planning.
The chosen approach is to integrate technology/innovation ('hardware') and the environment and behavior ('software') to achieve preservation of natural resources in everyday life.
The final Lanxmeer project programme contains six areas which form the Lanxmeer coherent and integrated Eco framework:
energy, water, landscape, mobility, chain management and communication and education.
Moreover the municipality set ‘integration of functions’ as a one of the crucial criteria for the district.(3)

=== Analysis of program/function ===
* '''''What are the main functional characteristics?'''''

Lanxmeer integrates different urban functions, providing good equilibrium between social, economic, cultural, educational, recreational and sustainable interests.
*'''Energy:''' sustainable energy systems - striving towards zero-energy balance: energy production + minimised consumption of fossil energy sources; energy production from waste and sewage, energy-independent dwelling, not being connected to the grid
*'''Water:''' integrated water management system and local biological water treatment; rainwater for toilets and washing machine; the sewage is used for biogas production. Water system is shown as Eva-2.
*'''Materials:''' sustainable building programme; the chain management objective is to close down material cycle in terms of origin, transport, production, use, reuse and recycling.
*'''Land use:''' sustainable city planning - good balance between urban land use and green spaces, public and private gardens
*'''Transport:''' support public transport and limit car use
*'''Food:''' ecological agriculture, biological food, contact with nature
*'''Social:''' co-production and inhabitants involvement in the building process; variety of dwellings according to architecture, size and price leading to social diversity
*'''Integration of different functions:''' living, working, recreation, education, social etc.(4)

* '''''How have they been expressed or incorporated?'''''

*'''Energy:''' annual energy use of 50 GJ / household (approx. 1250 m3 gas and 2500 kWh electricity) / year; mainly RES: small Canadian wind turbines installed; biomass station for power and heat generation; most houses dispose of solar panels for electricity and solar collectors for hot water(as shown in Eva-3); excellent insulation. Where entire roofs are covered by solar panels, electricity is fed in the public grid during summer and partly in spring and autumn. In order to keep track of electricity use most residents take part in a monitoring program.
*'''Water & sewage:''' separate water delivery system: rainwater running off roofs (as shown in Eva-4) is led to retention pools (as shown in Eva-5) by a drainage system; rainwater running off road surfaces is collected in a sewer system flowing into ditches; waste water from kitchen sinks and washing machines is collected in another sewer system, treated and lead into ditches; waste water from toilets is collected separately, fluids are filtered and the solid component is used for biogas production.
*'''Transport:''' fast and attractive scheme of bicycle routes and foot paths; walking distance to Culemborg central train and bus station; limited car use; approx. 55 households share a fleet of seven cars: 0.7 cars/household; car free district: parking places situated at the edges of the housing area; cars allowed for delivery only.
*'''Social:''' The bottom up approach of involving the intending residents in all aspects of the project’s conception, planning, design and construction is showing positive results in terms of awareness and sustainable behavior. Inhabitants are organized in a residents' association which takes care of the maintenance of the area. In the neighborhood, there are many forms of cooperation, focused on subjects such as the maintenance of nature, energy, education and the urban ecological farm. While it may have taken more time than a developer led project, EVA Lanxmeer is paying clear dividends in providing aesthetically pleasing houses for living and creating a community that will work socially and ecologically with employment on site.
*'''Land use:''' built according to the "pergola" plan meaning smooth transitions between private and common (no walls nor fences), cultivating food in the area for the residents, limit of transport and trade beside participation of the people on the farm; live-work-recreate close to each other; 4 inter-connected main green areas communicating with private gardens, municipal land and the urban farm; integrated functions: the need for work places, manufacturing, food production, community areas, and private and government houses.
*'''Materials:''' dwellings are built using sustainable construction materials.

=== Analysis of design/planning process ===
* '''''How was the area/project/plan formulated and implemented?'''''

* '''''Were there any important consultations/collaborations?''' ''

=== Analysis of use/users ===
* ''''' How is the area/project/plan used and by whom?'''''

The project is was used by EVA foundation members and some local people including some scientists and engineers in Culemborg.

* ''''' Is the use changing? Are there any issues?'''''

The use hasn't been changed yet.

=== Core Question 2: What is the role of landscape architecture in this project? ===

Landscape architecture is the carrier of the environment. It offer the local people comfortable recreational place and the energy resource. Besides it also give chances for local people to speak out their ideas of their own ideal landscape and realize it.

=== You may add 1-2 more core questions as discussed in your group ===

=== Image Gallery ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Fig.1_Map.jpg‎|Fig.1_Map.jpg‎
Image:Fig.2_Old_map_of_Culemborg_in_1649.jpg|Fig.2_Old_map_of_Culemborg_in_1649.jpg
Image:Eva-1.jpg|Eva-1.jpg
Image:Eva-2.jpg|Eva-2.jpg
Image:Eva-3.jpg|Eva-3.jpg
Image:Eva-4.jpg|Eva-4.jpg
Image:Eva-5.jpg|Eva-5.jpg
</gallery>

=== References ===
Please add literature, documentations and weblinks

*(1), (2), (3), (4) from: www.eva-lanxmeer.nl
*Fig.1 from Google Map
*Fig.2 from http://sites.google.com/site/chinhdangvu/google-earth/netherlands-on-google-earth/culemborg-on-google-earth
*Eva-1、Eva-1、Eva-3、EVA-5 from http://www.water-in-zicht.nl/projecten/eva-lanxmeer-culemborg
*Eva-4 from http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/EVA-_Lanxmeer_Green_roof2_2009.jpg
*http://www.virtualtourist.com/travel/Europe/Netherlands/Provincie_Gelderland/Culemborg-462481/TravelGuide-Culemborg.html
*http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/archi/programmes/cost8/case/watersewerage/netherlands-sustainablehousing.html
*http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/archi/programmes/cost8/case/watersewerage/netherlands-sustainablehousing.html
*www.bel-lanxmeer.nl
*www.kwarteel.nl/volgende/container.html
*Dr.ir. A. van Timmeren Sustainable Urban Decentralization: Case EVA Lanxmeer, Culemborg, The Netherlands

----
[[Category:Case Study]]
[[Category:Future Landscapes Group 1 Case Study]]
About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Case Study Wageningen

2010-11-21T14:37:14Z

Avacoco: /* Cultural/social/political context */

---> back to overview of [[Future Landscapes Group 1]]

'''add your case study title''' by ''add authors''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''name of project''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''location''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''country''
|-
| '''Office''' || style="background:Lavender"|''office or planner/designer''
|-
| '''Client''' || style="background:Lavender"|''please enter the client here''
|-
| '''Completion''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Please enter the date of completion''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:projectimage.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| <googlemap version="0.9" lat="-23.581609" lon="-46.590271" type="satellite" zoom="9" width="300" height="250">
</googlemap>
|}

=== Core Question 1: In how far does this project reveal your concept of future landscapes? ===

In our opinion, future landscape should be eco friendly and sustainable mingled with profund public participation. While it also should have aesthetic values and various kinds of spaces to afford users' recreational demands.
EVA Lanxmeer just has all the characters as we mention above. So we choose this built project as the future landscape.

=== Landscape and/or urban context===
'''''Biogeography:'''''
*Located in the town of Culemborg in Netherlands
*Culemborg is in the center of the Netherlands and situated in the south of Lek River (the map is shown in Fig.1_Map.jpg‎)

'''''Overall character:'''''
*'''Environmentally-friendly-housing development'''
*'''Ecotown'''
*'''Sustainability:''' Sustainability plays an important role in this project. The organizations of EVA Lanxmeer use many methods to achieve the principle, like using sustainable materials, building many recreation facilities. Among these recreation facilities, water system is one of the most important part.
*'''Genius Loci:''' The structure of the urban plan is mainly based on the record of the existing landscape. The polder Lanxmeer covers various historic items. Firstly, an ancient river bed crosses the area. Also, it covers archaeological findings from the Roman era. Not only to preserve this landscape, but also to use the natural conditions for (short periods, seasonal) water storage special attention was paid for the implementation of the landscape elements in the project.
*'''Community participation'''
*'''Creative design process:''' bottom-up. The Lanxmeer project was initiated by the E.V.A. Foundation in 1994. The Lanxmeer concept was developed by a group of scientists having diverse backgrounds. Some of them were already keen to settle in Lanxmeer. The network grew quickly and a group of future inhabitants was created and regularly met to co-create the foundations of the project. In 1996, 80 families had already subscribed, having a positive impact on the elected representatives of Culemborg municipality. The future inhabitants participated in several workshops; additionally an Urban Development Plan was drafted in dialogue with (future) residents and users.
Following a ‘sustainable development’ training course and being aware of the wide interest of possible future residents, Culemborg municipality took interest in the project. Today, Lanxmeer is a co-production of Culemborg municipality and E.V.A. Foundation.

'''''History and dynamics:'''''
*Culemborg was received city rights in 1315.
*In Joannes Blaeu's map of 1649, Culemborg remains entirely enclosed by walls behind its city moat-like encircling canals. The moated castle stands outside the city walls. Houses present a united front along streets and the two canals that cut the city in three sections, but they all face gardens behind, and market gardens are plentiful within the city walls.
*In 1995, Culemborg was one of the cities which were temporarily evacuated because of the risk of flooding. (the map is shown in Fig.2_Old_map_of_Culemborg_in_1649.jpg)

=== Cultural/social/political context===
*Brief explanation of culture, political economy, legal framework

'''''Culture and politics'''''

* Nowadays people in Netherlands are fighting for spaces. What to do with it? Should we build houses, make nature or place companies? The Netherland is quite small, so we try to think about the choices before changing the landscape and it’s functions. At the moment are people getting more aware of nature and environment. People want space for recreation in a beautiful landscape that is formed by culture and nature. They would like to be more sustainable, but don’t know how to change their habits. The government is trying to influence these habits by stimulating several kinds of projects. Like separation of waste and recycling, or green energy projects.

* The Eva lanxmeer project was stimulated to develope in certain ways. They got money from the German Ministry for Education, Science, Technology and Research because they chose Eva Lanxmeer as an European demonstration project. The Dutch Ministry for Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment provided subsidies and the project also got some stimulation funds for Architecture.

* It is also because people are getting more aware of nature, food production, energy systems and water problems, that there is a mark for this kind of sustainable housing projects. It is a good example to inspiration on the citizen’s initiatives.

* In Netherlands there are generally spoken 2 models of decision making:
• referee model, in which one person or group decides a matter when there is a conflict, this model places the problem at the opposing individuals and interest groups.
• interaction model, in which all “partners” in the process have to agree with the decision, in this model the decision makers are the cause the problems.
With the Eva lanxmeer project the second model for decision making was used. All partners had to declare their willingness at certain points. This participation model is growing in Netherlands, A thing of which we think that should be developed and improved in the future.

=== Spatial analysis of area/project/plan===
*'''''What are the main structural features?'''''

Lanxmeer consists of 250 dwellings, 40.000 m2 of offices and business units, an urban ecological farm, an information centre, wellness centre, congress centre, bars, restaurants and a hotel.(1) (The layout is shown as picture Eva-1)

*'''''How has it been shaped?'''''

It incorporates many of the principles of high environmental quality and ecotown but its principal originality is the promotion of the constant participation of the inhabitants. Indeed, this area was designed and conducted with representatives of future residents in a creative bottom-up process . It is often regarded as a model for several of its aspects. (2)

*'''''Were there any critical decisions?'''''

The Lanxmeer ecological project is meant to promote sustainable development by being an example of integrated approach towards sustainable planning.
The chosen approach is to integrate technology/innovation ('hardware') and the environment and behavior ('software') to achieve preservation of natural resources in everyday life.
The final Lanxmeer project programme contains six areas which form the Lanxmeer coherent and integrated Eco framework:
energy, water, landscape, mobility, chain management and communication and education.
Moreover the municipality set ‘integration of functions’ as a one of the crucial criteria for the district.(3)

=== Analysis of program/function ===
* '''''What are the main functional characteristics?'''''

Lanxmeer integrates different urban functions, providing good equilibrium between social, economic, cultural, educational, recreational and sustainable interests.
*'''Energy:''' sustainable energy systems - striving towards zero-energy balance: energy production + minimised consumption of fossil energy sources; energy production from waste and sewage, energy-independent dwelling, not being connected to the grid
*'''Water:''' integrated water management system and local biological water treatment; rainwater for toilets and washing machine; the sewage is used for biogas production. Water system is shown as Eva-2.
*'''Materials:''' sustainable building programme; the chain management objective is to close down material cycle in terms of origin, transport, production, use, reuse and recycling.
*'''Land use:''' sustainable city planning - good balance between urban land use and green spaces, public and private gardens
*'''Transport:''' support public transport and limit car use
*'''Food:''' ecological agriculture, biological food, contact with nature
*'''Social:''' co-production and inhabitants involvement in the building process; variety of dwellings according to architecture, size and price leading to social diversity
*'''Integration of different functions:''' living, working, recreation, education, social etc.(4)

* '''''How have they been expressed or incorporated?'''''

*'''Energy:''' annual energy use of 50 GJ / household (approx. 1250 m3 gas and 2500 kWh electricity) / year; mainly RES: small Canadian wind turbines installed; biomass station for power and heat generation; most houses dispose of solar panels for electricity and solar collectors for hot water(as shown in Eva-3); excellent insulation. Where entire roofs are covered by solar panels, electricity is fed in the public grid during summer and partly in spring and autumn. In order to keep track of electricity use most residents take part in a monitoring program.
*'''Water & sewage:''' separate water delivery system: rainwater running off roofs (as shown in Eva-4) is led to retention pools (as shown in Eva-5) by a drainage system; rainwater running off road surfaces is collected in a sewer system flowing into ditches; waste water from kitchen sinks and washing machines is collected in another sewer system, treated and lead into ditches; waste water from toilets is collected separately, fluids are filtered and the solid component is used for biogas production.
*'''Transport:''' fast and attractive scheme of bicycle routes and foot paths; walking distance to Culemborg central train and bus station; limited car use; approx. 55 households share a fleet of seven cars: 0.7 cars/household; car free district: parking places situated at the edges of the housing area; cars allowed for delivery only.
*'''Social:''' The bottom up approach of involving the intending residents in all aspects of the project’s conception, planning, design and construction is showing positive results in terms of awareness and sustainable behavior. Inhabitants are organized in a residents' association which takes care of the maintenance of the area. In the neighborhood, there are many forms of cooperation, focused on subjects such as the maintenance of nature, energy, education and the urban ecological farm. While it may have taken more time than a developer led project, EVA Lanxmeer is paying clear dividends in providing aesthetically pleasing houses for living and creating a community that will work socially and ecologically with employment on site.
*'''Land use:''' built according to the "pergola" plan meaning smooth transitions between private and common (no walls nor fences), cultivating food in the area for the residents, limit of transport and trade beside participation of the people on the farm; live-work-recreate close to each other; 4 inter-connected main green areas communicating with private gardens, municipal land and the urban farm; integrated functions: the need for work places, manufacturing, food production, community areas, and private and government houses.
*'''Materials:''' dwellings are built using sustainable construction materials.

=== Analysis of design/planning process ===
* '''''How was the area/project/plan formulated and implemented?'''''

* '''''Were there any important consultations/collaborations?''' ''

=== Analysis of use/users ===
* ''''' How is the area/project/plan used and by whom?'''''

The project is was used by EVA foundation members and some local people including some scientists and engineers in Culemborg.

* ''''' Is the use changing? Are there any issues?'''''

The use hasn't been changed yet.

=== Core Question 2: What is the role of landscape architecture in this project? ===

Landscape architecture is the carrier of the environment. It offer the local people comfortable recreational place and the energy resource. Besides it also give chances for local people to speak out their ideas of their own ideal landscape and realize it.

=== You may add 1-2 more core questions as discussed in your group ===

=== Image Gallery ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Fig.1_Map.jpg‎|Fig.1_Map.jpg‎
Image:Fig.2_Old_map_of_Culemborg_in_1649.jpg|Fig.2_Old_map_of_Culemborg_in_1649.jpg
Image:Eva-1.jpg|Eva-1.jpg
Image:Eva-2.jpg|Eva-2.jpg
Image:Eva-3.jpg|Eva-3.jpg
Image:Eva-4.jpg|Eva-4.jpg
Image:Eva-5.jpg|Eva-5.jpg
</gallery>

=== References ===
Please add literature, documentations and weblinks

*(1), (2), (3), (4) from: www.eva-lanxmeer.nl
*Fig.1 from Google Map
*Fig.2 from http://sites.google.com/site/chinhdangvu/google-earth/netherlands-on-google-earth/culemborg-on-google-earth
*Eva-1、Eva-1、Eva-3、EVA-5 from http://www.water-in-zicht.nl/projecten/eva-lanxmeer-culemborg
*Eva-4 from http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/EVA-_Lanxmeer_Green_roof2_2009.jpg
*http://www.virtualtourist.com/travel/Europe/Netherlands/Provincie_Gelderland/Culemborg-462481/TravelGuide-Culemborg.html
*http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/archi/programmes/cost8/case/watersewerage/netherlands-sustainablehousing.html
*http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/archi/programmes/cost8/case/watersewerage/netherlands-sustainablehousing.html
*www.bel-lanxmeer.nl
*www.kwarteel.nl/volgende/container.html
*Dr.ir. A. van Timmeren Sustainable Urban Decentralization: Case EVA Lanxmeer, Culemborg, The Netherlands

----
[[Category:Case Study]]
[[Category:Future Landscapes Group 1 Case Study]]
About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Case Study Wageningen

2010-11-21T14:36:06Z

Avacoco: /* Cultural/social/political context */

---> back to overview of [[Future Landscapes Group 1]]

'''add your case study title''' by ''add authors''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''name of project''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''location''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''country''
|-
| '''Office''' || style="background:Lavender"|''office or planner/designer''
|-
| '''Client''' || style="background:Lavender"|''please enter the client here''
|-
| '''Completion''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Please enter the date of completion''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:projectimage.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| <googlemap version="0.9" lat="-23.581609" lon="-46.590271" type="satellite" zoom="9" width="300" height="250">
</googlemap>
|}

=== Core Question 1: In how far does this project reveal your concept of future landscapes? ===

In our opinion, future landscape should be eco friendly and sustainable mingled with profund public participation. While it also should have aesthetic values and various kinds of spaces to afford users' recreational demands.
EVA Lanxmeer just has all the characters as we mention above. So we choose this built project as the future landscape.

=== Landscape and/or urban context===
'''''Biogeography:'''''
*Located in the town of Culemborg in Netherlands
*Culemborg is in the center of the Netherlands and situated in the south of Lek River (the map is shown in Fig.1_Map.jpg‎)

'''''Overall character:'''''
*'''Environmentally-friendly-housing development'''
*'''Ecotown'''
*'''Sustainability:''' Sustainability plays an important role in this project. The organizations of EVA Lanxmeer use many methods to achieve the principle, like using sustainable materials, building many recreation facilities. Among these recreation facilities, water system is one of the most important part.
*'''Genius Loci:''' The structure of the urban plan is mainly based on the record of the existing landscape. The polder Lanxmeer covers various historic items. Firstly, an ancient river bed crosses the area. Also, it covers archaeological findings from the Roman era. Not only to preserve this landscape, but also to use the natural conditions for (short periods, seasonal) water storage special attention was paid for the implementation of the landscape elements in the project.
*'''Community participation'''
*'''Creative design process:''' bottom-up. The Lanxmeer project was initiated by the E.V.A. Foundation in 1994. The Lanxmeer concept was developed by a group of scientists having diverse backgrounds. Some of them were already keen to settle in Lanxmeer. The network grew quickly and a group of future inhabitants was created and regularly met to co-create the foundations of the project. In 1996, 80 families had already subscribed, having a positive impact on the elected representatives of Culemborg municipality. The future inhabitants participated in several workshops; additionally an Urban Development Plan was drafted in dialogue with (future) residents and users.
Following a ‘sustainable development’ training course and being aware of the wide interest of possible future residents, Culemborg municipality took interest in the project. Today, Lanxmeer is a co-production of Culemborg municipality and E.V.A. Foundation.

'''''History and dynamics:'''''
*Culemborg was received city rights in 1315.
*In Joannes Blaeu's map of 1649, Culemborg remains entirely enclosed by walls behind its city moat-like encircling canals. The moated castle stands outside the city walls. Houses present a united front along streets and the two canals that cut the city in three sections, but they all face gardens behind, and market gardens are plentiful within the city walls.
*In 1995, Culemborg was one of the cities which were temporarily evacuated because of the risk of flooding. (the map is shown in Fig.2_Old_map_of_Culemborg_in_1649.jpg)

=== Cultural/social/political context===
*Brief explanation of culture, political economy, legal framework

'''Culture and politics'''

Nowadays people in Netherlands are fighting for spaces. What to do with it? Should we build houses, make nature or place companies? The Netherland is quite small, so we try to think about the choices before changing the landscape and it’s functions. At the moment are people getting more aware of nature and environment. People want space for recreation in a beautiful landscape that is formed by culture and nature. They would like to be more sustainable, but don’t know how to change their habits. The government is trying to influence these habits by stimulating several kinds of projects. Like separation of waste and recycling, or green energy projects.

The Eva lanxmeer project was stimulated to develope in certain ways. They got money from the German Ministry for Education, Science, Technology and Research because they chose Eva Lanxmeer as an European demonstration project. The Dutch Ministry for Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment provided subsidies and the project also got some stimulation funds for Architecture.

It is also because people are getting more aware of nature, food production, energy systems and water problems, that there is a mark for this kind of sustainable housing projects. It is a good example to inspiration on the citizen’s initiatives.

In Netherlands there are generally spoken 2 models of decision making:
• referee model, in which one person or group decides a matter when there is a conflict, this model places the problem at the opposing individuals and interest groups.
• interaction model, in which all “partners” in the process have to agree with the decision, in this model the decision makers are the cause the problems.
With the Eva lanxmeer project the second model for decision making was used. All partners had to declare their willingness at certain points. This participation model is growing in Netherlands, A thing of which we think that should be developed and improved in the future.

=== Spatial analysis of area/project/plan===
*'''''What are the main structural features?'''''

Lanxmeer consists of 250 dwellings, 40.000 m2 of offices and business units, an urban ecological farm, an information centre, wellness centre, congress centre, bars, restaurants and a hotel.(1) (The layout is shown as picture Eva-1)

*'''''How has it been shaped?'''''

It incorporates many of the principles of high environmental quality and ecotown but its principal originality is the promotion of the constant participation of the inhabitants. Indeed, this area was designed and conducted with representatives of future residents in a creative bottom-up process . It is often regarded as a model for several of its aspects. (2)

*'''''Were there any critical decisions?'''''

The Lanxmeer ecological project is meant to promote sustainable development by being an example of integrated approach towards sustainable planning.
The chosen approach is to integrate technology/innovation ('hardware') and the environment and behavior ('software') to achieve preservation of natural resources in everyday life.
The final Lanxmeer project programme contains six areas which form the Lanxmeer coherent and integrated Eco framework:
energy, water, landscape, mobility, chain management and communication and education.
Moreover the municipality set ‘integration of functions’ as a one of the crucial criteria for the district.(3)

=== Analysis of program/function ===
* '''''What are the main functional characteristics?'''''

Lanxmeer integrates different urban functions, providing good equilibrium between social, economic, cultural, educational, recreational and sustainable interests.
*'''Energy:''' sustainable energy systems - striving towards zero-energy balance: energy production + minimised consumption of fossil energy sources; energy production from waste and sewage, energy-independent dwelling, not being connected to the grid
*'''Water:''' integrated water management system and local biological water treatment; rainwater for toilets and washing machine; the sewage is used for biogas production. Water system is shown as Eva-2.
*'''Materials:''' sustainable building programme; the chain management objective is to close down material cycle in terms of origin, transport, production, use, reuse and recycling.
*'''Land use:''' sustainable city planning - good balance between urban land use and green spaces, public and private gardens
*'''Transport:''' support public transport and limit car use
*'''Food:''' ecological agriculture, biological food, contact with nature
*'''Social:''' co-production and inhabitants involvement in the building process; variety of dwellings according to architecture, size and price leading to social diversity
*'''Integration of different functions:''' living, working, recreation, education, social etc.(4)

* '''''How have they been expressed or incorporated?'''''

*'''Energy:''' annual energy use of 50 GJ / household (approx. 1250 m3 gas and 2500 kWh electricity) / year; mainly RES: small Canadian wind turbines installed; biomass station for power and heat generation; most houses dispose of solar panels for electricity and solar collectors for hot water(as shown in Eva-3); excellent insulation. Where entire roofs are covered by solar panels, electricity is fed in the public grid during summer and partly in spring and autumn. In order to keep track of electricity use most residents take part in a monitoring program.
*'''Water & sewage:''' separate water delivery system: rainwater running off roofs (as shown in Eva-4) is led to retention pools (as shown in Eva-5) by a drainage system; rainwater running off road surfaces is collected in a sewer system flowing into ditches; waste water from kitchen sinks and washing machines is collected in another sewer system, treated and lead into ditches; waste water from toilets is collected separately, fluids are filtered and the solid component is used for biogas production.
*'''Transport:''' fast and attractive scheme of bicycle routes and foot paths; walking distance to Culemborg central train and bus station; limited car use; approx. 55 households share a fleet of seven cars: 0.7 cars/household; car free district: parking places situated at the edges of the housing area; cars allowed for delivery only.
*'''Social:''' The bottom up approach of involving the intending residents in all aspects of the project’s conception, planning, design and construction is showing positive results in terms of awareness and sustainable behavior. Inhabitants are organized in a residents' association which takes care of the maintenance of the area. In the neighborhood, there are many forms of cooperation, focused on subjects such as the maintenance of nature, energy, education and the urban ecological farm. While it may have taken more time than a developer led project, EVA Lanxmeer is paying clear dividends in providing aesthetically pleasing houses for living and creating a community that will work socially and ecologically with employment on site.
*'''Land use:''' built according to the "pergola" plan meaning smooth transitions between private and common (no walls nor fences), cultivating food in the area for the residents, limit of transport and trade beside participation of the people on the farm; live-work-recreate close to each other; 4 inter-connected main green areas communicating with private gardens, municipal land and the urban farm; integrated functions: the need for work places, manufacturing, food production, community areas, and private and government houses.
*'''Materials:''' dwellings are built using sustainable construction materials.

=== Analysis of design/planning process ===
* '''''How was the area/project/plan formulated and implemented?'''''

* '''''Were there any important consultations/collaborations?''' ''

=== Analysis of use/users ===
* ''''' How is the area/project/plan used and by whom?'''''

The project is was used by EVA foundation members and some local people including some scientists and engineers in Culemborg.

* ''''' Is the use changing? Are there any issues?'''''

The use hasn't been changed yet.

=== Core Question 2: What is the role of landscape architecture in this project? ===

Landscape architecture is the carrier of the environment. It offer the local people comfortable recreational place and the energy resource. Besides it also give chances for local people to speak out their ideas of their own ideal landscape and realize it.

=== You may add 1-2 more core questions as discussed in your group ===

=== Image Gallery ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Fig.1_Map.jpg‎|Fig.1_Map.jpg‎
Image:Fig.2_Old_map_of_Culemborg_in_1649.jpg|Fig.2_Old_map_of_Culemborg_in_1649.jpg
Image:Eva-1.jpg|Eva-1.jpg
Image:Eva-2.jpg|Eva-2.jpg
Image:Eva-3.jpg|Eva-3.jpg
Image:Eva-4.jpg|Eva-4.jpg
Image:Eva-5.jpg|Eva-5.jpg
</gallery>

=== References ===
Please add literature, documentations and weblinks

*(1), (2), (3), (4) from: www.eva-lanxmeer.nl
*Fig.1 from Google Map
*Fig.2 from http://sites.google.com/site/chinhdangvu/google-earth/netherlands-on-google-earth/culemborg-on-google-earth
*Eva-1、Eva-1、Eva-3、EVA-5 from http://www.water-in-zicht.nl/projecten/eva-lanxmeer-culemborg
*Eva-4 from http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/EVA-_Lanxmeer_Green_roof2_2009.jpg
*http://www.virtualtourist.com/travel/Europe/Netherlands/Provincie_Gelderland/Culemborg-462481/TravelGuide-Culemborg.html
*http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/archi/programmes/cost8/case/watersewerage/netherlands-sustainablehousing.html
*http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/archi/programmes/cost8/case/watersewerage/netherlands-sustainablehousing.html
*www.bel-lanxmeer.nl
*www.kwarteel.nl/volgende/container.html
*Dr.ir. A. van Timmeren Sustainable Urban Decentralization: Case EVA Lanxmeer, Culemborg, The Netherlands

----
[[Category:Case Study]]
[[Category:Future Landscapes Group 1 Case Study]]
About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Case Study Wageningen

2010-11-21T13:03:05Z

Avacoco: /* Analysis of design/planning process */

---> back to overview of [[Future Landscapes Group 1]]

'''add your case study title''' by ''add authors''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''name of project''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''location''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''country''
|-
| '''Office''' || style="background:Lavender"|''office or planner/designer''
|-
| '''Client''' || style="background:Lavender"|''please enter the client here''
|-
| '''Completion''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Please enter the date of completion''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:projectimage.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| <googlemap version="0.9" lat="-23.581609" lon="-46.590271" type="satellite" zoom="9" width="300" height="250">
</googlemap>
|}

=== Core Question 1: In how far does this project reveal your concept of future landscapes? ===

In our opinion, future landscape should be eco friendly and sustainable mingled with profund public participation. While it also should have aesthetic values and various kinds of spaces to afford users' recreational demands.
EVA Lanxmeer just has all the characters as we mention above. So we choose this built project as the future landscape.

=== Landscape and/or urban context===
'''''Biogeography:'''''
*Located in the town of Culemborg in Netherlands
*Culemborg is in the center of the Netherlands and situated in the south of Lek River (the map is shown in Fig.1_Map.jpg‎)

'''''Overall character:'''''
*'''Environmentally-friendly-housing development'''
*'''Ecotown'''
*'''Sustainability:''' Sustainability plays an important role in this project. The organizations of EVA Lanxmeer use many methods to achieve the principle, like using sustainable materials, building many recreation facilities. Among these recreation facilities, water system is one of the most important part.
*'''Genius Loci:''' The structure of the urban plan is mainly based on the record of the existing landscape. The polder Lanxmeer covers various historic items. Firstly, an ancient river bed crosses the area. Also, it covers archaeological findings from the Roman era. Not only to preserve this landscape, but also to use the natural conditions for (short periods, seasonal) water storage special attention was paid for the implementation of the landscape elements in the project.
*'''Community participation'''
*'''Creative design process:''' bottom-up. The Lanxmeer project was initiated by the E.V.A. Foundation in 1994. The Lanxmeer concept was developed by a group of scientists having diverse backgrounds. Some of them were already keen to settle in Lanxmeer. The network grew quickly and a group of future inhabitants was created and regularly met to co-create the foundations of the project. In 1996, 80 families had already subscribed, having a positive impact on the elected representatives of Culemborg municipality. The future inhabitants participated in several workshops; additionally an Urban Development Plan was drafted in dialogue with (future) residents and users.
Following a ‘sustainable development’ training course and being aware of the wide interest of possible future residents, Culemborg municipality took interest in the project. Today, Lanxmeer is a co-production of Culemborg municipality and E.V.A. Foundation.

'''''History and dynamics:'''''
*Culemborg was received city rights in 1315.
*In Joannes Blaeu's map of 1649, Culemborg remains entirely enclosed by walls behind its city moat-like encircling canals. The moated castle stands outside the city walls. Houses present a united front along streets and the two canals that cut the city in three sections, but they all face gardens behind, and market gardens are plentiful within the city walls.
*In 1995, Culemborg was one of the cities which were temporarily evacuated because of the risk of flooding. (the map is shown in Fig.2_Old_map_of_Culemborg_in_1649.jpg)

=== Cultural/social/political context===
*Brief explanation of culture, political economy, legal framework

Illustration:
Bullet points, image, background notes

=== Spatial analysis of area/project/plan===
*'''''What are the main structural features?'''''

Lanxmeer consists of 250 dwellings, 40.000 m2 of offices and business units, an urban ecological farm, an information centre, wellness centre, congress centre, bars, restaurants and a hotel.(1) (The layout is shown as picture Eva-1)

*'''''How has it been shaped?'''''

It incorporates many of the principles of high environmental quality and ecotown but its principal originality is the promotion of the constant participation of the inhabitants. Indeed, this area was designed and conducted with representatives of future residents in a creative bottom-up process . It is often regarded as a model for several of its aspects. (2)

*'''''Were there any critical decisions?'''''

The Lanxmeer ecological project is meant to promote sustainable development by being an example of integrated approach towards sustainable planning.
The chosen approach is to integrate technology/innovation ('hardware') and the environment and behavior ('software') to achieve preservation of natural resources in everyday life.
The final Lanxmeer project programme contains six areas which form the Lanxmeer coherent and integrated Eco framework:
energy, water, landscape, mobility, chain management and communication and education.
Moreover the municipality set ‘integration of functions’ as a one of the crucial criteria for the district.(3)

=== Analysis of program/function ===
* '''''What are the main functional characteristics?'''''

Lanxmeer integrates different urban functions, providing good equilibrium between social, economic, cultural, educational, recreational and sustainable interests.
*'''Energy:''' sustainable energy systems - striving towards zero-energy balance: energy production + minimised consumption of fossil energy sources; energy production from waste and sewage, energy-independent dwelling, not being connected to the grid
*'''Water:''' integrated water management system and local biological water treatment; rainwater for toilets and washing machine; the sewage is used for biogas production. Water system is shown as Eva-2.
*'''Materials:''' sustainable building programme; the chain management objective is to close down material cycle in terms of origin, transport, production, use, reuse and recycling.
*'''Land use:''' sustainable city planning - good balance between urban land use and green spaces, public and private gardens
*'''Transport:''' support public transport and limit car use
*'''Food:''' ecological agriculture, biological food, contact with nature
*'''Social:''' co-production and inhabitants involvement in the building process; variety of dwellings according to architecture, size and price leading to social diversity
*'''Integration of different functions:''' living, working, recreation, education, social etc.(4)

* '''''How have they been expressed or incorporated?'''''

*'''Energy:''' annual energy use of 50 GJ / household (approx. 1250 m3 gas and 2500 kWh electricity) / year; mainly RES: small Canadian wind turbines installed; biomass station for power and heat generation; most houses dispose of solar panels for electricity and solar collectors for hot water(as shown in Eva-3); excellent insulation. Where entire roofs are covered by solar panels, electricity is fed in the public grid during summer and partly in spring and autumn. In order to keep track of electricity use most residents take part in a monitoring program.
*'''Water & sewage:''' separate water delivery system: rainwater running off roofs (as shown in Eva-4) is led to retention pools (as shown in Eva-5) by a drainage system; rainwater running off road surfaces is collected in a sewer system flowing into ditches; waste water from kitchen sinks and washing machines is collected in another sewer system, treated and lead into ditches; waste water from toilets is collected separately, fluids are filtered and the solid component is used for biogas production.
*'''Transport:''' fast and attractive scheme of bicycle routes and foot paths; walking distance to Culemborg central train and bus station; limited car use; approx. 55 households share a fleet of seven cars: 0.7 cars/household; car free district: parking places situated at the edges of the housing area; cars allowed for delivery only.
*'''Social:''' The bottom up approach of involving the intending residents in all aspects of the project’s conception, planning, design and construction is showing positive results in terms of awareness and sustainable behavior. Inhabitants are organized in a residents' association which takes care of the maintenance of the area. In the neighborhood, there are many forms of cooperation, focused on subjects such as the maintenance of nature, energy, education and the urban ecological farm. While it may have taken more time than a developer led project, EVA Lanxmeer is paying clear dividends in providing aesthetically pleasing houses for living and creating a community that will work socially and ecologically with employment on site.
*'''Land use:''' built according to the "pergola" plan meaning smooth transitions between private and common (no walls nor fences), cultivating food in the area for the residents, limit of transport and trade beside participation of the people on the farm; live-work-recreate close to each other; 4 inter-connected main green areas communicating with private gardens, municipal land and the urban farm; integrated functions: the need for work places, manufacturing, food production, community areas, and private and government houses.
*'''Materials:''' dwellings are built using sustainable construction materials.

=== Analysis of design/planning process ===
* '''''How was the area/project/plan formulated and implemented?'''''

* '''''Were there any important consultations/collaborations?''' ''

=== Analysis of use/users ===
* ''''' How is the area/project/plan used and by whom?'''''

The project is was used by EVA foundation members and some local people including some scientists and engineers in Culemborg.

* ''''' Is the use changing? Are there any issues?'''''

The use hasn't been changed yet.

=== Core Question 2: What is the role of landscape architecture in this project? ===

Landscape architecture is the carrier of the environment. It offer the local people comfortable recreational place and the energy resource. Besides it also give chances for local people to speak out their ideas of their own ideal landscape and realize it.

=== You may add 1-2 more core questions as discussed in your group ===

=== Image Gallery ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Fig.1_Map.jpg‎|Fig.1_Map.jpg‎
Image:Fig.2_Old_map_of_Culemborg_in_1649.jpg|Fig.2_Old_map_of_Culemborg_in_1649.jpg
Image:Eva-1.jpg|Eva-1.jpg
Image:Eva-2.jpg|Eva-2.jpg
Image:Eva-3.jpg|Eva-3.jpg
Image:Eva-4.jpg|Eva-4.jpg
Image:Eva-5.jpg|Eva-5.jpg
</gallery>

=== References ===
Please add literature, documentations and weblinks

*(1), (2), (3), (4) from: www.eva-lanxmeer.nl
*Fig.1 from Google Map
*Fig.2 from http://sites.google.com/site/chinhdangvu/google-earth/netherlands-on-google-earth/culemborg-on-google-earth
*Eva-1、Eva-1、Eva-3、EVA-5 from http://www.water-in-zicht.nl/projecten/eva-lanxmeer-culemborg
*Eva-4 from http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/EVA-_Lanxmeer_Green_roof2_2009.jpg
*http://www.virtualtourist.com/travel/Europe/Netherlands/Provincie_Gelderland/Culemborg-462481/TravelGuide-Culemborg.html
*http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/archi/programmes/cost8/case/watersewerage/netherlands-sustainablehousing.html
*http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/archi/programmes/cost8/case/watersewerage/netherlands-sustainablehousing.html
*www.bel-lanxmeer.nl
*www.kwarteel.nl/volgende/container.html
*Dr.ir. A. van Timmeren Sustainable Urban Decentralization: Case EVA Lanxmeer, Culemborg, The Netherlands

----
[[Category:Case Study]]
[[Category:Future Landscapes Group 1 Case Study]]
About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Case Study Wageningen

2010-11-21T13:02:11Z

Avacoco: /* Analysis of use/users */

---> back to overview of [[Future Landscapes Group 1]]

'''add your case study title''' by ''add authors''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''name of project''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''location''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''country''
|-
| '''Office''' || style="background:Lavender"|''office or planner/designer''
|-
| '''Client''' || style="background:Lavender"|''please enter the client here''
|-
| '''Completion''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Please enter the date of completion''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:projectimage.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| <googlemap version="0.9" lat="-23.581609" lon="-46.590271" type="satellite" zoom="9" width="300" height="250">
</googlemap>
|}

=== Core Question 1: In how far does this project reveal your concept of future landscapes? ===

In our opinion, future landscape should be eco friendly and sustainable mingled with profund public participation. While it also should have aesthetic values and various kinds of spaces to afford users' recreational demands.
EVA Lanxmeer just has all the characters as we mention above. So we choose this built project as the future landscape.

=== Landscape and/or urban context===
'''''Biogeography:'''''
*Located in the town of Culemborg in Netherlands
*Culemborg is in the center of the Netherlands and situated in the south of Lek River (the map is shown in Fig.1_Map.jpg‎)

'''''Overall character:'''''
*'''Environmentally-friendly-housing development'''
*'''Ecotown'''
*'''Sustainability:''' Sustainability plays an important role in this project. The organizations of EVA Lanxmeer use many methods to achieve the principle, like using sustainable materials, building many recreation facilities. Among these recreation facilities, water system is one of the most important part.
*'''Genius Loci:''' The structure of the urban plan is mainly based on the record of the existing landscape. The polder Lanxmeer covers various historic items. Firstly, an ancient river bed crosses the area. Also, it covers archaeological findings from the Roman era. Not only to preserve this landscape, but also to use the natural conditions for (short periods, seasonal) water storage special attention was paid for the implementation of the landscape elements in the project.
*'''Community participation'''
*'''Creative design process:''' bottom-up. The Lanxmeer project was initiated by the E.V.A. Foundation in 1994. The Lanxmeer concept was developed by a group of scientists having diverse backgrounds. Some of them were already keen to settle in Lanxmeer. The network grew quickly and a group of future inhabitants was created and regularly met to co-create the foundations of the project. In 1996, 80 families had already subscribed, having a positive impact on the elected representatives of Culemborg municipality. The future inhabitants participated in several workshops; additionally an Urban Development Plan was drafted in dialogue with (future) residents and users.
Following a ‘sustainable development’ training course and being aware of the wide interest of possible future residents, Culemborg municipality took interest in the project. Today, Lanxmeer is a co-production of Culemborg municipality and E.V.A. Foundation.

'''''History and dynamics:'''''
*Culemborg was received city rights in 1315.
*In Joannes Blaeu's map of 1649, Culemborg remains entirely enclosed by walls behind its city moat-like encircling canals. The moated castle stands outside the city walls. Houses present a united front along streets and the two canals that cut the city in three sections, but they all face gardens behind, and market gardens are plentiful within the city walls.
*In 1995, Culemborg was one of the cities which were temporarily evacuated because of the risk of flooding. (the map is shown in Fig.2_Old_map_of_Culemborg_in_1649.jpg)

=== Cultural/social/political context===
*Brief explanation of culture, political economy, legal framework

Illustration:
Bullet points, image, background notes

=== Spatial analysis of area/project/plan===
*'''''What are the main structural features?'''''

Lanxmeer consists of 250 dwellings, 40.000 m2 of offices and business units, an urban ecological farm, an information centre, wellness centre, congress centre, bars, restaurants and a hotel.(1) (The layout is shown as picture Eva-1)

*'''''How has it been shaped?'''''

It incorporates many of the principles of high environmental quality and ecotown but its principal originality is the promotion of the constant participation of the inhabitants. Indeed, this area was designed and conducted with representatives of future residents in a creative bottom-up process . It is often regarded as a model for several of its aspects. (2)

*'''''Were there any critical decisions?'''''

The Lanxmeer ecological project is meant to promote sustainable development by being an example of integrated approach towards sustainable planning.
The chosen approach is to integrate technology/innovation ('hardware') and the environment and behavior ('software') to achieve preservation of natural resources in everyday life.
The final Lanxmeer project programme contains six areas which form the Lanxmeer coherent and integrated Eco framework:
energy, water, landscape, mobility, chain management and communication and education.
Moreover the municipality set ‘integration of functions’ as a one of the crucial criteria for the district.(3)

=== Analysis of program/function ===
* '''''What are the main functional characteristics?'''''

Lanxmeer integrates different urban functions, providing good equilibrium between social, economic, cultural, educational, recreational and sustainable interests.
*'''Energy:''' sustainable energy systems - striving towards zero-energy balance: energy production + minimised consumption of fossil energy sources; energy production from waste and sewage, energy-independent dwelling, not being connected to the grid
*'''Water:''' integrated water management system and local biological water treatment; rainwater for toilets and washing machine; the sewage is used for biogas production. Water system is shown as Eva-2.
*'''Materials:''' sustainable building programme; the chain management objective is to close down material cycle in terms of origin, transport, production, use, reuse and recycling.
*'''Land use:''' sustainable city planning - good balance between urban land use and green spaces, public and private gardens
*'''Transport:''' support public transport and limit car use
*'''Food:''' ecological agriculture, biological food, contact with nature
*'''Social:''' co-production and inhabitants involvement in the building process; variety of dwellings according to architecture, size and price leading to social diversity
*'''Integration of different functions:''' living, working, recreation, education, social etc.(4)

* '''''How have they been expressed or incorporated?'''''

*'''Energy:''' annual energy use of 50 GJ / household (approx. 1250 m3 gas and 2500 kWh electricity) / year; mainly RES: small Canadian wind turbines installed; biomass station for power and heat generation; most houses dispose of solar panels for electricity and solar collectors for hot water(as shown in Eva-3); excellent insulation. Where entire roofs are covered by solar panels, electricity is fed in the public grid during summer and partly in spring and autumn. In order to keep track of electricity use most residents take part in a monitoring program.
*'''Water & sewage:''' separate water delivery system: rainwater running off roofs (as shown in Eva-4) is led to retention pools (as shown in Eva-5) by a drainage system; rainwater running off road surfaces is collected in a sewer system flowing into ditches; waste water from kitchen sinks and washing machines is collected in another sewer system, treated and lead into ditches; waste water from toilets is collected separately, fluids are filtered and the solid component is used for biogas production.
*'''Transport:''' fast and attractive scheme of bicycle routes and foot paths; walking distance to Culemborg central train and bus station; limited car use; approx. 55 households share a fleet of seven cars: 0.7 cars/household; car free district: parking places situated at the edges of the housing area; cars allowed for delivery only.
*'''Social:''' The bottom up approach of involving the intending residents in all aspects of the project’s conception, planning, design and construction is showing positive results in terms of awareness and sustainable behavior. Inhabitants are organized in a residents' association which takes care of the maintenance of the area. In the neighborhood, there are many forms of cooperation, focused on subjects such as the maintenance of nature, energy, education and the urban ecological farm. While it may have taken more time than a developer led project, EVA Lanxmeer is paying clear dividends in providing aesthetically pleasing houses for living and creating a community that will work socially and ecologically with employment on site.
*'''Land use:''' built according to the "pergola" plan meaning smooth transitions between private and common (no walls nor fences), cultivating food in the area for the residents, limit of transport and trade beside participation of the people on the farm; live-work-recreate close to each other; 4 inter-connected main green areas communicating with private gardens, municipal land and the urban farm; integrated functions: the need for work places, manufacturing, food production, community areas, and private and government houses.
*'''Materials:''' dwellings are built using sustainable construction materials.

=== Analysis of design/planning process ===
* How was the area/project/plan formulated and implemented?
*Were there any important consultations/collaborations?
Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

=== Analysis of use/users ===
* ''''' How is the area/project/plan used and by whom?'''''

The project is was used by EVA foundation members and some local people including some scientists and engineers in Culemborg.

* ''''' Is the use changing? Are there any issues?'''''

The use hasn't been changed yet.

=== Core Question 2: What is the role of landscape architecture in this project? ===

Landscape architecture is the carrier of the environment. It offer the local people comfortable recreational place and the energy resource. Besides it also give chances for local people to speak out their ideas of their own ideal landscape and realize it.

=== You may add 1-2 more core questions as discussed in your group ===

=== Image Gallery ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Fig.1_Map.jpg‎|Fig.1_Map.jpg‎
Image:Fig.2_Old_map_of_Culemborg_in_1649.jpg|Fig.2_Old_map_of_Culemborg_in_1649.jpg
Image:Eva-1.jpg|Eva-1.jpg
Image:Eva-2.jpg|Eva-2.jpg
Image:Eva-3.jpg|Eva-3.jpg
Image:Eva-4.jpg|Eva-4.jpg
Image:Eva-5.jpg|Eva-5.jpg
</gallery>

=== References ===
Please add literature, documentations and weblinks

*(1), (2), (3), (4) from: www.eva-lanxmeer.nl
*Fig.1 from Google Map
*Fig.2 from http://sites.google.com/site/chinhdangvu/google-earth/netherlands-on-google-earth/culemborg-on-google-earth
*Eva-1、Eva-1、Eva-3、EVA-5 from http://www.water-in-zicht.nl/projecten/eva-lanxmeer-culemborg
*Eva-4 from http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/EVA-_Lanxmeer_Green_roof2_2009.jpg
*http://www.virtualtourist.com/travel/Europe/Netherlands/Provincie_Gelderland/Culemborg-462481/TravelGuide-Culemborg.html
*http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/archi/programmes/cost8/case/watersewerage/netherlands-sustainablehousing.html
*http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/archi/programmes/cost8/case/watersewerage/netherlands-sustainablehousing.html
*www.bel-lanxmeer.nl
*www.kwarteel.nl/volgende/container.html
*Dr.ir. A. van Timmeren Sustainable Urban Decentralization: Case EVA Lanxmeer, Culemborg, The Netherlands

----
[[Category:Case Study]]
[[Category:Future Landscapes Group 1 Case Study]]
About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Case Study Wageningen

2010-11-21T13:01:25Z

Avacoco: /* Analysis of use/users */

---> back to overview of [[Future Landscapes Group 1]]

'''add your case study title''' by ''add authors''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''name of project''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''location''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''country''
|-
| '''Office''' || style="background:Lavender"|''office or planner/designer''
|-
| '''Client''' || style="background:Lavender"|''please enter the client here''
|-
| '''Completion''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Please enter the date of completion''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:projectimage.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| <googlemap version="0.9" lat="-23.581609" lon="-46.590271" type="satellite" zoom="9" width="300" height="250">
</googlemap>
|}

=== Core Question 1: In how far does this project reveal your concept of future landscapes? ===

In our opinion, future landscape should be eco friendly and sustainable mingled with profund public participation. While it also should have aesthetic values and various kinds of spaces to afford users' recreational demands.
EVA Lanxmeer just has all the characters as we mention above. So we choose this built project as the future landscape.

=== Landscape and/or urban context===
'''''Biogeography:'''''
*Located in the town of Culemborg in Netherlands
*Culemborg is in the center of the Netherlands and situated in the south of Lek River (the map is shown in Fig.1_Map.jpg‎)

'''''Overall character:'''''
*'''Environmentally-friendly-housing development'''
*'''Ecotown'''
*'''Sustainability:''' Sustainability plays an important role in this project. The organizations of EVA Lanxmeer use many methods to achieve the principle, like using sustainable materials, building many recreation facilities. Among these recreation facilities, water system is one of the most important part.
*'''Genius Loci:''' The structure of the urban plan is mainly based on the record of the existing landscape. The polder Lanxmeer covers various historic items. Firstly, an ancient river bed crosses the area. Also, it covers archaeological findings from the Roman era. Not only to preserve this landscape, but also to use the natural conditions for (short periods, seasonal) water storage special attention was paid for the implementation of the landscape elements in the project.
*'''Community participation'''
*'''Creative design process:''' bottom-up. The Lanxmeer project was initiated by the E.V.A. Foundation in 1994. The Lanxmeer concept was developed by a group of scientists having diverse backgrounds. Some of them were already keen to settle in Lanxmeer. The network grew quickly and a group of future inhabitants was created and regularly met to co-create the foundations of the project. In 1996, 80 families had already subscribed, having a positive impact on the elected representatives of Culemborg municipality. The future inhabitants participated in several workshops; additionally an Urban Development Plan was drafted in dialogue with (future) residents and users.
Following a ‘sustainable development’ training course and being aware of the wide interest of possible future residents, Culemborg municipality took interest in the project. Today, Lanxmeer is a co-production of Culemborg municipality and E.V.A. Foundation.

'''''History and dynamics:'''''
*Culemborg was received city rights in 1315.
*In Joannes Blaeu's map of 1649, Culemborg remains entirely enclosed by walls behind its city moat-like encircling canals. The moated castle stands outside the city walls. Houses present a united front along streets and the two canals that cut the city in three sections, but they all face gardens behind, and market gardens are plentiful within the city walls.
*In 1995, Culemborg was one of the cities which were temporarily evacuated because of the risk of flooding. (the map is shown in Fig.2_Old_map_of_Culemborg_in_1649.jpg)

=== Cultural/social/political context===
*Brief explanation of culture, political economy, legal framework

Illustration:
Bullet points, image, background notes

=== Spatial analysis of area/project/plan===
*'''''What are the main structural features?'''''

Lanxmeer consists of 250 dwellings, 40.000 m2 of offices and business units, an urban ecological farm, an information centre, wellness centre, congress centre, bars, restaurants and a hotel.(1) (The layout is shown as picture Eva-1)

*'''''How has it been shaped?'''''

It incorporates many of the principles of high environmental quality and ecotown but its principal originality is the promotion of the constant participation of the inhabitants. Indeed, this area was designed and conducted with representatives of future residents in a creative bottom-up process . It is often regarded as a model for several of its aspects. (2)

*'''''Were there any critical decisions?'''''

The Lanxmeer ecological project is meant to promote sustainable development by being an example of integrated approach towards sustainable planning.
The chosen approach is to integrate technology/innovation ('hardware') and the environment and behavior ('software') to achieve preservation of natural resources in everyday life.
The final Lanxmeer project programme contains six areas which form the Lanxmeer coherent and integrated Eco framework:
energy, water, landscape, mobility, chain management and communication and education.
Moreover the municipality set ‘integration of functions’ as a one of the crucial criteria for the district.(3)

=== Analysis of program/function ===
* '''''What are the main functional characteristics?'''''

Lanxmeer integrates different urban functions, providing good equilibrium between social, economic, cultural, educational, recreational and sustainable interests.
*'''Energy:''' sustainable energy systems - striving towards zero-energy balance: energy production + minimised consumption of fossil energy sources; energy production from waste and sewage, energy-independent dwelling, not being connected to the grid
*'''Water:''' integrated water management system and local biological water treatment; rainwater for toilets and washing machine; the sewage is used for biogas production. Water system is shown as Eva-2.
*'''Materials:''' sustainable building programme; the chain management objective is to close down material cycle in terms of origin, transport, production, use, reuse and recycling.
*'''Land use:''' sustainable city planning - good balance between urban land use and green spaces, public and private gardens
*'''Transport:''' support public transport and limit car use
*'''Food:''' ecological agriculture, biological food, contact with nature
*'''Social:''' co-production and inhabitants involvement in the building process; variety of dwellings according to architecture, size and price leading to social diversity
*'''Integration of different functions:''' living, working, recreation, education, social etc.(4)

* '''''How have they been expressed or incorporated?'''''

*'''Energy:''' annual energy use of 50 GJ / household (approx. 1250 m3 gas and 2500 kWh electricity) / year; mainly RES: small Canadian wind turbines installed; biomass station for power and heat generation; most houses dispose of solar panels for electricity and solar collectors for hot water(as shown in Eva-3); excellent insulation. Where entire roofs are covered by solar panels, electricity is fed in the public grid during summer and partly in spring and autumn. In order to keep track of electricity use most residents take part in a monitoring program.
*'''Water & sewage:''' separate water delivery system: rainwater running off roofs (as shown in Eva-4) is led to retention pools (as shown in Eva-5) by a drainage system; rainwater running off road surfaces is collected in a sewer system flowing into ditches; waste water from kitchen sinks and washing machines is collected in another sewer system, treated and lead into ditches; waste water from toilets is collected separately, fluids are filtered and the solid component is used for biogas production.
*'''Transport:''' fast and attractive scheme of bicycle routes and foot paths; walking distance to Culemborg central train and bus station; limited car use; approx. 55 households share a fleet of seven cars: 0.7 cars/household; car free district: parking places situated at the edges of the housing area; cars allowed for delivery only.
*'''Social:''' The bottom up approach of involving the intending residents in all aspects of the project’s conception, planning, design and construction is showing positive results in terms of awareness and sustainable behavior. Inhabitants are organized in a residents' association which takes care of the maintenance of the area. In the neighborhood, there are many forms of cooperation, focused on subjects such as the maintenance of nature, energy, education and the urban ecological farm. While it may have taken more time than a developer led project, EVA Lanxmeer is paying clear dividends in providing aesthetically pleasing houses for living and creating a community that will work socially and ecologically with employment on site.
*'''Land use:''' built according to the "pergola" plan meaning smooth transitions between private and common (no walls nor fences), cultivating food in the area for the residents, limit of transport and trade beside participation of the people on the farm; live-work-recreate close to each other; 4 inter-connected main green areas communicating with private gardens, municipal land and the urban farm; integrated functions: the need for work places, manufacturing, food production, community areas, and private and government houses.
*'''Materials:''' dwellings are built using sustainable construction materials.

=== Analysis of design/planning process ===
* How was the area/project/plan formulated and implemented?
*Were there any important consultations/collaborations?
Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

=== Analysis of use/users ===
'''''* How is the area/project/plan used and by whom?'''''

The project is was used by EVA foundation members and some local people including some scientists and engineers in Culemborg.

'''''* Is the use changing? Are there any issues?'''''

The use hasn't been changed yet.

=== Core Question 2: What is the role of landscape architecture in this project? ===

Landscape architecture is the carrier of the environment. It offer the local people comfortable recreational place and the energy resource. Besides it also give chances for local people to speak out their ideas of their own ideal landscape and realize it.

=== You may add 1-2 more core questions as discussed in your group ===

=== Image Gallery ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Fig.1_Map.jpg‎|Fig.1_Map.jpg‎
Image:Fig.2_Old_map_of_Culemborg_in_1649.jpg|Fig.2_Old_map_of_Culemborg_in_1649.jpg
Image:Eva-1.jpg|Eva-1.jpg
Image:Eva-2.jpg|Eva-2.jpg
Image:Eva-3.jpg|Eva-3.jpg
Image:Eva-4.jpg|Eva-4.jpg
Image:Eva-5.jpg|Eva-5.jpg
</gallery>

=== References ===
Please add literature, documentations and weblinks

*(1), (2), (3), (4) from: www.eva-lanxmeer.nl
*Fig.1 from Google Map
*Fig.2 from http://sites.google.com/site/chinhdangvu/google-earth/netherlands-on-google-earth/culemborg-on-google-earth
*Eva-1、Eva-1、Eva-3、EVA-5 from http://www.water-in-zicht.nl/projecten/eva-lanxmeer-culemborg
*Eva-4 from http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/EVA-_Lanxmeer_Green_roof2_2009.jpg
*http://www.virtualtourist.com/travel/Europe/Netherlands/Provincie_Gelderland/Culemborg-462481/TravelGuide-Culemborg.html
*http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/archi/programmes/cost8/case/watersewerage/netherlands-sustainablehousing.html
*http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/archi/programmes/cost8/case/watersewerage/netherlands-sustainablehousing.html
*www.bel-lanxmeer.nl
*www.kwarteel.nl/volgende/container.html
*Dr.ir. A. van Timmeren Sustainable Urban Decentralization: Case EVA Lanxmeer, Culemborg, The Netherlands

----
[[Category:Case Study]]
[[Category:Future Landscapes Group 1 Case Study]]
About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Case Study Wageningen

2010-11-21T13:00:51Z

Avacoco: /* Analysis of use/users */

---> back to overview of [[Future Landscapes Group 1]]

'''add your case study title''' by ''add authors''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''name of project''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''location''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''country''
|-
| '''Office''' || style="background:Lavender"|''office or planner/designer''
|-
| '''Client''' || style="background:Lavender"|''please enter the client here''
|-
| '''Completion''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Please enter the date of completion''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:projectimage.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| <googlemap version="0.9" lat="-23.581609" lon="-46.590271" type="satellite" zoom="9" width="300" height="250">
</googlemap>
|}

=== Core Question 1: In how far does this project reveal your concept of future landscapes? ===

In our opinion, future landscape should be eco friendly and sustainable mingled with profund public participation. While it also should have aesthetic values and various kinds of spaces to afford users' recreational demands.
EVA Lanxmeer just has all the characters as we mention above. So we choose this built project as the future landscape.

=== Landscape and/or urban context===
'''''Biogeography:'''''
*Located in the town of Culemborg in Netherlands
*Culemborg is in the center of the Netherlands and situated in the south of Lek River (the map is shown in Fig.1_Map.jpg‎)

'''''Overall character:'''''
*'''Environmentally-friendly-housing development'''
*'''Ecotown'''
*'''Sustainability:''' Sustainability plays an important role in this project. The organizations of EVA Lanxmeer use many methods to achieve the principle, like using sustainable materials, building many recreation facilities. Among these recreation facilities, water system is one of the most important part.
*'''Genius Loci:''' The structure of the urban plan is mainly based on the record of the existing landscape. The polder Lanxmeer covers various historic items. Firstly, an ancient river bed crosses the area. Also, it covers archaeological findings from the Roman era. Not only to preserve this landscape, but also to use the natural conditions for (short periods, seasonal) water storage special attention was paid for the implementation of the landscape elements in the project.
*'''Community participation'''
*'''Creative design process:''' bottom-up. The Lanxmeer project was initiated by the E.V.A. Foundation in 1994. The Lanxmeer concept was developed by a group of scientists having diverse backgrounds. Some of them were already keen to settle in Lanxmeer. The network grew quickly and a group of future inhabitants was created and regularly met to co-create the foundations of the project. In 1996, 80 families had already subscribed, having a positive impact on the elected representatives of Culemborg municipality. The future inhabitants participated in several workshops; additionally an Urban Development Plan was drafted in dialogue with (future) residents and users.
Following a ‘sustainable development’ training course and being aware of the wide interest of possible future residents, Culemborg municipality took interest in the project. Today, Lanxmeer is a co-production of Culemborg municipality and E.V.A. Foundation.

'''''History and dynamics:'''''
*Culemborg was received city rights in 1315.
*In Joannes Blaeu's map of 1649, Culemborg remains entirely enclosed by walls behind its city moat-like encircling canals. The moated castle stands outside the city walls. Houses present a united front along streets and the two canals that cut the city in three sections, but they all face gardens behind, and market gardens are plentiful within the city walls.
*In 1995, Culemborg was one of the cities which were temporarily evacuated because of the risk of flooding. (the map is shown in Fig.2_Old_map_of_Culemborg_in_1649.jpg)

=== Cultural/social/political context===
*Brief explanation of culture, political economy, legal framework

Illustration:
Bullet points, image, background notes

=== Spatial analysis of area/project/plan===
*'''''What are the main structural features?'''''

Lanxmeer consists of 250 dwellings, 40.000 m2 of offices and business units, an urban ecological farm, an information centre, wellness centre, congress centre, bars, restaurants and a hotel.(1) (The layout is shown as picture Eva-1)

*'''''How has it been shaped?'''''

It incorporates many of the principles of high environmental quality and ecotown but its principal originality is the promotion of the constant participation of the inhabitants. Indeed, this area was designed and conducted with representatives of future residents in a creative bottom-up process . It is often regarded as a model for several of its aspects. (2)

*'''''Were there any critical decisions?'''''

The Lanxmeer ecological project is meant to promote sustainable development by being an example of integrated approach towards sustainable planning.
The chosen approach is to integrate technology/innovation ('hardware') and the environment and behavior ('software') to achieve preservation of natural resources in everyday life.
The final Lanxmeer project programme contains six areas which form the Lanxmeer coherent and integrated Eco framework:
energy, water, landscape, mobility, chain management and communication and education.
Moreover the municipality set ‘integration of functions’ as a one of the crucial criteria for the district.(3)

=== Analysis of program/function ===
* '''''What are the main functional characteristics?'''''

Lanxmeer integrates different urban functions, providing good equilibrium between social, economic, cultural, educational, recreational and sustainable interests.
*'''Energy:''' sustainable energy systems - striving towards zero-energy balance: energy production + minimised consumption of fossil energy sources; energy production from waste and sewage, energy-independent dwelling, not being connected to the grid
*'''Water:''' integrated water management system and local biological water treatment; rainwater for toilets and washing machine; the sewage is used for biogas production. Water system is shown as Eva-2.
*'''Materials:''' sustainable building programme; the chain management objective is to close down material cycle in terms of origin, transport, production, use, reuse and recycling.
*'''Land use:''' sustainable city planning - good balance between urban land use and green spaces, public and private gardens
*'''Transport:''' support public transport and limit car use
*'''Food:''' ecological agriculture, biological food, contact with nature
*'''Social:''' co-production and inhabitants involvement in the building process; variety of dwellings according to architecture, size and price leading to social diversity
*'''Integration of different functions:''' living, working, recreation, education, social etc.(4)

* '''''How have they been expressed or incorporated?'''''

*'''Energy:''' annual energy use of 50 GJ / household (approx. 1250 m3 gas and 2500 kWh electricity) / year; mainly RES: small Canadian wind turbines installed; biomass station for power and heat generation; most houses dispose of solar panels for electricity and solar collectors for hot water(as shown in Eva-3); excellent insulation. Where entire roofs are covered by solar panels, electricity is fed in the public grid during summer and partly in spring and autumn. In order to keep track of electricity use most residents take part in a monitoring program.
*'''Water & sewage:''' separate water delivery system: rainwater running off roofs (as shown in Eva-4) is led to retention pools (as shown in Eva-5) by a drainage system; rainwater running off road surfaces is collected in a sewer system flowing into ditches; waste water from kitchen sinks and washing machines is collected in another sewer system, treated and lead into ditches; waste water from toilets is collected separately, fluids are filtered and the solid component is used for biogas production.
*'''Transport:''' fast and attractive scheme of bicycle routes and foot paths; walking distance to Culemborg central train and bus station; limited car use; approx. 55 households share a fleet of seven cars: 0.7 cars/household; car free district: parking places situated at the edges of the housing area; cars allowed for delivery only.
*'''Social:''' The bottom up approach of involving the intending residents in all aspects of the project’s conception, planning, design and construction is showing positive results in terms of awareness and sustainable behavior. Inhabitants are organized in a residents' association which takes care of the maintenance of the area. In the neighborhood, there are many forms of cooperation, focused on subjects such as the maintenance of nature, energy, education and the urban ecological farm. While it may have taken more time than a developer led project, EVA Lanxmeer is paying clear dividends in providing aesthetically pleasing houses for living and creating a community that will work socially and ecologically with employment on site.
*'''Land use:''' built according to the "pergola" plan meaning smooth transitions between private and common (no walls nor fences), cultivating food in the area for the residents, limit of transport and trade beside participation of the people on the farm; live-work-recreate close to each other; 4 inter-connected main green areas communicating with private gardens, municipal land and the urban farm; integrated functions: the need for work places, manufacturing, food production, community areas, and private and government houses.
*'''Materials:''' dwellings are built using sustainable construction materials.

=== Analysis of design/planning process ===
* How was the area/project/plan formulated and implemented?
*Were there any important consultations/collaborations?
Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

=== Analysis of use/users ===
''* How is the area/project/plan used and by whom?''
The project is was used by EVA foundation members and some local people including some scientists and engineers in Culemborg.

''* Is the use changing? Are there any issues?''
The use hasn't been changed yet.

=== Core Question 2: What is the role of landscape architecture in this project? ===

Landscape architecture is the carrier of the environment. It offer the local people comfortable recreational place and the energy resource. Besides it also give chances for local people to speak out their ideas of their own ideal landscape and realize it.

=== You may add 1-2 more core questions as discussed in your group ===

=== Image Gallery ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Fig.1_Map.jpg‎|Fig.1_Map.jpg‎
Image:Fig.2_Old_map_of_Culemborg_in_1649.jpg|Fig.2_Old_map_of_Culemborg_in_1649.jpg
Image:Eva-1.jpg|Eva-1.jpg
Image:Eva-2.jpg|Eva-2.jpg
Image:Eva-3.jpg|Eva-3.jpg
Image:Eva-4.jpg|Eva-4.jpg
Image:Eva-5.jpg|Eva-5.jpg
</gallery>

=== References ===
Please add literature, documentations and weblinks

*(1), (2), (3), (4) from: www.eva-lanxmeer.nl
*Fig.1 from Google Map
*Fig.2 from http://sites.google.com/site/chinhdangvu/google-earth/netherlands-on-google-earth/culemborg-on-google-earth
*Eva-1、Eva-1、Eva-3、EVA-5 from http://www.water-in-zicht.nl/projecten/eva-lanxmeer-culemborg
*Eva-4 from http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/EVA-_Lanxmeer_Green_roof2_2009.jpg
*http://www.virtualtourist.com/travel/Europe/Netherlands/Provincie_Gelderland/Culemborg-462481/TravelGuide-Culemborg.html
*http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/archi/programmes/cost8/case/watersewerage/netherlands-sustainablehousing.html
*http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/archi/programmes/cost8/case/watersewerage/netherlands-sustainablehousing.html
*www.bel-lanxmeer.nl
*www.kwarteel.nl/volgende/container.html
*Dr.ir. A. van Timmeren Sustainable Urban Decentralization: Case EVA Lanxmeer, Culemborg, The Netherlands

----
[[Category:Case Study]]
[[Category:Future Landscapes Group 1 Case Study]]
About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Case Study Wageningen

2010-11-21T10:10:35Z

Avacoco: /* Image Gallery */

---> back to overview of [[Future Landscapes Group 1]]

'''add your case study title''' by ''add authors''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''name of project''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''location''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''country''
|-
| '''Office''' || style="background:Lavender"|''office or planner/designer''
|-
| '''Client''' || style="background:Lavender"|''please enter the client here''
|-
| '''Completion''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Please enter the date of completion''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:projectimage.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| <googlemap version="0.9" lat="-23.581609" lon="-46.590271" type="satellite" zoom="9" width="300" height="250">
</googlemap>
|}

=== Core Question 1: In how far does this project reveal your concept of future landscapes? ===
In our opinion, future landscape should be eco friendly and sustainable mingled with profund public participation. While it also should have aesthetic values and various kinds of spaces to afford users' recreational demands.
EVA Lanxmeer just has all the characters as we mention above. So we choose this built project as the future landscape.

=== Landscape and/or urban context===
Biogeography:
-Located in the town of Culemborg in Netherlands
-Culemborg is in the center of the Netherlands and situated in the south of Lek River
(the map is shown in Fig.1_Map.jpg‎)

Overall character:
-Environmentally-friendly-housing development
-Ecotown
-Sustainability
The sustainability plays an important role in this project. The organizations of EVA Lanxmeer use many methods to achieve the principle, like using sustainable materials, building many recreation facilities. Among these recreation facilities, water system is one of the most important part.
-Genius Loci
The structure of the urban plan is mainly based on the record of the existing landscape.
The polder Lanxmeer covers various historic items. Firstly, an ancient river bed crosses the area. Also, it covers archaeological findings from the Roman era. Not only to preserve this landscape, but also to use the natural conditions for (short periods, seasonal) water storage special attention was paid for the implementation of the landscape elements in the project.
-Community participation
-Creative design process: bottom-up
The Lanxmeer project was initiated by the E.V.A. Foundation in 1994. The Lanxmeer concept was developed by a group of scientists having diverse backgrounds. Some of them were already keen to settle in Lanxmeer. The network grew quickly and a group of future inhabitants was created and regularly met to co-create the foundations of the project. In 1996, 80 families had already subscribed, having a positive impact on the elected representatives of Culemborg municipality. The future inhabitants participated in several workshops; additionally an Urban Development Plan was drafted in dialogue with (future) residents and users.
Following a ‘sustainable development’ training course and being aware of the wide interest of possible future residents, Culemborg municipality took interest in the project. Today, Lanxmeer is a co-production of Culemborg municipality and E.V.A. Foundation.

History and dynamics:
Culemborg was received city rights in 1315.
In Joannes Blaeu's map of 1649, Culemborg remains entirely enclosed by walls behind its city moat-like encircling canals. The moated castle stands outside the city walls. Houses present a united front along streets and the two canals that cut the city in three sections, but they all face gardens behind, and market gardens are plentiful within the city walls.
In 1995, Culemborg was one of the cities which were temporarily evacuated because of the risk of flooding.
(the map is shown in Fig.2_Old_map_of_Culemborg_in_1649.jpg)

=== Cultural/social/political context===
*Brief explanation of culture, political economy, legal framework

Illustration:
Bullet points, image, background notes

=== Spatial analysis of area/project/plan===
*What are the main structural features?

Lanxmeer consists of 250 dwellings, 40.000 m2 of offices and business units, an urban ecological farm, an information centre, wellness centre, congress centre, bars, restaurants and a hotel.(1) (The layout is shown as picture Eva-1)

*How has it been shaped?

It incorporates many of the principles of high environmental quality and ecotown but its principal originality is the promotion of the constant participation of the inhabitants. Indeed, this area was designed and conducted with representatives of future residents in a creative bottom-up process . It is often regarded as a model for several of its aspects. (2)

*Were there any critical decisions?

The Lanxmeer ecological project is meant to promote sustainable development by being an example of integrated approach towards sustainable planning.
The chosen approach is to integrate technology/innovation ('hardware') and the environment and behavior ('software') to achieve preservation of natural resources in everyday life.
The final Lanxmeer project programme contains six areas which form the Lanxmeer coherent and integrated Eco framework:
energy, water, landscape, mobility, chain management and communication and education.
Moreover the municipality set ‘integration of functions’ as a one of the crucial criteria for the district.(3)

=== Analysis of program/function ===
* What are the main functional characteristics?

Lanxmeer integrates different urban functions, providing good equilibrium between social, economic, cultural, educational, recreational and sustainable interests.
Energy: sustainable energy systems - striving towards zero-energy balance: energy production + minimised consumption of fossil energy sources; energy production from waste and sewage, energy-independent dwelling, not being connected to the grid
Water: integrated water management system and local biological water treatment; rainwater for toilets and washing machine; the sewage is used for biogas production. Water system is shown as Eva-2.
Materials: sustainable building programme; the chain management objective is to close down material cycle in terms of origin, transport, production, use, reuse and recycling.
Land use: sustainable city planning - good balance between urban land use and green spaces, public and private gardens
Transport: support public transport and limit car use
Food: ecological agriculture, biological food, contact with nature
Social: co-production and inhabitants involvement in the building process; variety of dwellings according to architecture, size and price leading to social diversity
Integration of different functions: living, working, recreation, education, social etc.(4)

* How have they been expressed or incorporated?

Energy: annual energy use of 50 GJ / household (approx. 1250 m3 gas and 2500 kWh electricity) / year; mainly RES: small Canadian wind turbines installed; biomass station for power and heat generation; most houses dispose of solar panels for electricity and solar collectors for hot water(as shown in Eva-3); excellent insulation. Where entire roofs are covered by solar panels, electricity is fed in the public grid during summer and partly in spring and autumn. In order to keep track of electricity use most residents take part in a monitoring program.
Water & sewage: separate water delivery system: rainwater running off roofs (as shown in Eva-4) is led to retention pools (as shown in Eva-5) by a drainage system; rainwater running off road surfaces is collected in a sewer system flowing into ditches; waste water from kitchen sinks and washing machines is collected in another sewer system, treated and lead into ditches; waste water from toilets is collected separately, fluids are filtered and the solid component is used for biogas production.
Transport: fast and attractive scheme of bicycle routes and foot paths; walking distance to Culemborg central train and bus station; limited car use; approx. 55 households share a fleet of seven cars: 0.7 cars/household; car free district: parking places situated at the edges of the housing area; cars allowed for delivery only.
Social: The bottom up approach of involving the intending residents in all aspects of the project’s conception, planning, design and construction is showing positive results in terms of awareness and sustainable behavior. Inhabitants are organized in a residents' association which takes care of the maintenance of the area. In the neighborhood, there are many forms of cooperation, focused on subjects such as the maintenance of nature, energy, education and the urban ecological farm. While it may have taken more time than a developer led project, EVA Lanxmeer is paying clear dividends in providing aesthetically pleasing houses for living and creating a community that will work socially and ecologically with employment on site.
Land use: built according to the "pergola" plan meaning smooth transitions between private and common (no walls nor fences), cultivating food in the area for the residents, limit of transport and trade beside participation of the people on the farm; live-work-recreate close to each other; 4 inter-connected main green areas communicating with private gardens, municipal land and the urban farm; integrated functions: the need for work places, manufacturing, food production, community areas, and private and government houses.
Materials: dwellings are built using sustainable construction materials.

=== Analysis of design/planning process ===
* How was the area/project/plan formulated and implemented?
*Were there any important consultations/collaborations?
Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

=== Analysis of use/users ===
* How is the area/project/plan used and by whom?

The project is was used by EVA foundation members and some local people including some scientists and engineers in Culemborg.

* Is the use changing? Are there any issues?

The use hasn't been changed yet.

=== Core Question 2: What is the role of landscape architecture in this project? ===

Landscape architecture is the carrier of the environment. It offer the local people comfortable recreational place and the energy resource. Besides it also give chances for local people to speak out their ideas of their own ideal landscape and realize it.

=== You may add 1-2 more core questions as discussed in your group ===

=== Image Gallery ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Fig.1_Map.jpg‎|Fig.1_Map.jpg‎
Image:Fig.2_Old_map_of_Culemborg_in_1649.jpg|Fig.2_Old_map_of_Culemborg_in_1649.jpg
Image:Eva-1.jpg|Eva-1.jpg
Image:Eva-2.jpg|Eva-2.jpg
Image:Eva-3.jpg|Eva-3.jpg
Image:Eva-4.jpg|Eva-4.jpg
Image:Eva-5.jpg|Eva-5.jpg

</gallery>

=== References ===
Please add literature, documentations and weblinks

(1) (2) (3) (4)from: www.eva-lanxmeer.nl
Fig.1 from Google Map
Fig.2 from
http://sites.google.com/site/chinhdangvu/google-earth/netherlands-on-google-earth/culemborg-on-google-earth
Eva-1、Eva-1、Eva-3、EVA-5 from
http://www.water-in-zicht.nl/projecten/eva-lanxmeer-culemborg
Eva-4 from
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/EVA-_Lanxmeer_Green_roof2_2009.jpg
http://www.virtualtourist.com/travel/Europe/Netherlands/Provincie_Gelderland/Culemborg-462481/TravelGuide-Culemborg.html
http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/archi/programmes/cost8/case/watersewerage/netherlands-sustainablehousing.html
http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/archi/programmes/cost8/case/watersewerage/netherlands-sustainablehousing.html
www.bel-lanxmeer.nl
www.kwarteel.nl/volgende/container.html
Dr.ir. A. van Timmeren Sustainable Urban Decentralization: Case EVA Lanxmeer, Culemborg, The Netherlands

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[[Category:Case Study]]
[[Category:Future Landscapes Group 1 Case Study]]
About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Case Study Wageningen

2010-11-21T10:08:04Z

Avacoco: /* References */

---> back to overview of [[Future Landscapes Group 1]]

'''add your case study title''' by ''add authors''

{| align="right" width="300pt" style="background:Gainsboro; color:black"
|-
| '''Name''' ||style="background:Lavender"| ''name of project''
|-
| '''Location''' || style="background:Lavender"|''location''
|-
| '''Country''' || style="background:Lavender"|''country''
|-
| '''Office''' || style="background:Lavender"|''office or planner/designer''
|-
| '''Client''' || style="background:Lavender"|''please enter the client here''
|-
| '''Completion''' || style="background:Lavender"|''Please enter the date of completion''
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| [[Image:projectimage.jpg|300px]]
|-
| ||style="background:Lavender"|
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" style="background:silver"| <googlemap version="0.9" lat="-23.581609" lon="-46.590271" type="satellite" zoom="9" width="300" height="250">
</googlemap>
|}

=== Core Question 1: In how far does this project reveal your concept of future landscapes? ===
In our opinion, future landscape should be eco friendly and sustainable mingled with profund public participation. While it also should have aesthetic values and various kinds of spaces to afford users' recreational demands.
EVA Lanxmeer just has all the characters as we mention above. So we choose this built project as the future landscape.

=== Landscape and/or urban context===
Biogeography:
-Located in the town of Culemborg in Netherlands
-Culemborg is in the center of the Netherlands and situated in the south of Lek River
(the map is shown in Fig.1_Map.jpg‎)

Overall character:
-Environmentally-friendly-housing development
-Ecotown
-Sustainability
The sustainability plays an important role in this project. The organizations of EVA Lanxmeer use many methods to achieve the principle, like using sustainable materials, building many recreation facilities. Among these recreation facilities, water system is one of the most important part.
-Genius Loci
The structure of the urban plan is mainly based on the record of the existing landscape.
The polder Lanxmeer covers various historic items. Firstly, an ancient river bed crosses the area. Also, it covers archaeological findings from the Roman era. Not only to preserve this landscape, but also to use the natural conditions for (short periods, seasonal) water storage special attention was paid for the implementation of the landscape elements in the project.
-Community participation
-Creative design process: bottom-up
The Lanxmeer project was initiated by the E.V.A. Foundation in 1994. The Lanxmeer concept was developed by a group of scientists having diverse backgrounds. Some of them were already keen to settle in Lanxmeer. The network grew quickly and a group of future inhabitants was created and regularly met to co-create the foundations of the project. In 1996, 80 families had already subscribed, having a positive impact on the elected representatives of Culemborg municipality. The future inhabitants participated in several workshops; additionally an Urban Development Plan was drafted in dialogue with (future) residents and users.
Following a ‘sustainable development’ training course and being aware of the wide interest of possible future residents, Culemborg municipality took interest in the project. Today, Lanxmeer is a co-production of Culemborg municipality and E.V.A. Foundation.

History and dynamics:
Culemborg was received city rights in 1315.
In Joannes Blaeu's map of 1649, Culemborg remains entirely enclosed by walls behind its city moat-like encircling canals. The moated castle stands outside the city walls. Houses present a united front along streets and the two canals that cut the city in three sections, but they all face gardens behind, and market gardens are plentiful within the city walls.
In 1995, Culemborg was one of the cities which were temporarily evacuated because of the risk of flooding.
(the map is shown in Fig.2_Old_map_of_Culemborg_in_1649.jpg)

=== Cultural/social/political context===
*Brief explanation of culture, political economy, legal framework

Illustration:
Bullet points, image, background notes

=== Spatial analysis of area/project/plan===
*What are the main structural features?

Lanxmeer consists of 250 dwellings, 40.000 m2 of offices and business units, an urban ecological farm, an information centre, wellness centre, congress centre, bars, restaurants and a hotel.(1) (The layout is shown as picture Eva-1)

*How has it been shaped?

It incorporates many of the principles of high environmental quality and ecotown but its principal originality is the promotion of the constant participation of the inhabitants. Indeed, this area was designed and conducted with representatives of future residents in a creative bottom-up process . It is often regarded as a model for several of its aspects. (2)

*Were there any critical decisions?

The Lanxmeer ecological project is meant to promote sustainable development by being an example of integrated approach towards sustainable planning.
The chosen approach is to integrate technology/innovation ('hardware') and the environment and behavior ('software') to achieve preservation of natural resources in everyday life.
The final Lanxmeer project programme contains six areas which form the Lanxmeer coherent and integrated Eco framework:
energy, water, landscape, mobility, chain management and communication and education.
Moreover the municipality set ‘integration of functions’ as a one of the crucial criteria for the district.(3)

=== Analysis of program/function ===
* What are the main functional characteristics?

Lanxmeer integrates different urban functions, providing good equilibrium between social, economic, cultural, educational, recreational and sustainable interests.
Energy: sustainable energy systems - striving towards zero-energy balance: energy production + minimised consumption of fossil energy sources; energy production from waste and sewage, energy-independent dwelling, not being connected to the grid
Water: integrated water management system and local biological water treatment; rainwater for toilets and washing machine; the sewage is used for biogas production. Water system is shown as Eva-2.
Materials: sustainable building programme; the chain management objective is to close down material cycle in terms of origin, transport, production, use, reuse and recycling.
Land use: sustainable city planning - good balance between urban land use and green spaces, public and private gardens
Transport: support public transport and limit car use
Food: ecological agriculture, biological food, contact with nature
Social: co-production and inhabitants involvement in the building process; variety of dwellings according to architecture, size and price leading to social diversity
Integration of different functions: living, working, recreation, education, social etc.(4)

* How have they been expressed or incorporated?

Energy: annual energy use of 50 GJ / household (approx. 1250 m3 gas and 2500 kWh electricity) / year; mainly RES: small Canadian wind turbines installed; biomass station for power and heat generation; most houses dispose of solar panels for electricity and solar collectors for hot water(as shown in Eva-3); excellent insulation. Where entire roofs are covered by solar panels, electricity is fed in the public grid during summer and partly in spring and autumn. In order to keep track of electricity use most residents take part in a monitoring program.
Water & sewage: separate water delivery system: rainwater running off roofs (as shown in Eva-4) is led to retention pools (as shown in Eva-5) by a drainage system; rainwater running off road surfaces is collected in a sewer system flowing into ditches; waste water from kitchen sinks and washing machines is collected in another sewer system, treated and lead into ditches; waste water from toilets is collected separately, fluids are filtered and the solid component is used for biogas production.
Transport: fast and attractive scheme of bicycle routes and foot paths; walking distance to Culemborg central train and bus station; limited car use; approx. 55 households share a fleet of seven cars: 0.7 cars/household; car free district: parking places situated at the edges of the housing area; cars allowed for delivery only.
Social: The bottom up approach of involving the intending residents in all aspects of the project’s conception, planning, design and construction is showing positive results in terms of awareness and sustainable behavior. Inhabitants are organized in a residents' association which takes care of the maintenance of the area. In the neighborhood, there are many forms of cooperation, focused on subjects such as the maintenance of nature, energy, education and the urban ecological farm. While it may have taken more time than a developer led project, EVA Lanxmeer is paying clear dividends in providing aesthetically pleasing houses for living and creating a community that will work socially and ecologically with employment on site.
Land use: built according to the "pergola" plan meaning smooth transitions between private and common (no walls nor fences), cultivating food in the area for the residents, limit of transport and trade beside participation of the people on the farm; live-work-recreate close to each other; 4 inter-connected main green areas communicating with private gardens, municipal land and the urban farm; integrated functions: the need for work places, manufacturing, food production, community areas, and private and government houses.
Materials: dwellings are built using sustainable construction materials.

=== Analysis of design/planning process ===
* How was the area/project/plan formulated and implemented?
*Were there any important consultations/collaborations?
Illustration: Map/diagram/sketches photos and background notes

=== Analysis of use/users ===
* How is the area/project/plan used and by whom?

The project is was used by EVA foundation members and some local people including some scientists and engineers in Culemborg.

* Is the use changing? Are there any issues?

The use hasn't been changed yet.

=== Core Question 2: What is the role of landscape architecture in this project? ===

Landscape architecture is the carrier of the environment. It offer the local people comfortable recreational place and the energy resource. Besides it also give chances for local people to speak out their ideas of their own ideal landscape and realize it.

=== You may add 1-2 more core questions as discussed in your group ===

=== Image Gallery ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
Image:yourimage.jpg|your image text
</gallery>

=== References ===
Please add literature, documentations and weblinks

(1) (2) (3) (4)from: www.eva-lanxmeer.nl
Fig.1 from Google Map
Fig.2 from
http://sites.google.com/site/chinhdangvu/google-earth/netherlands-on-google-earth/culemborg-on-google-earth
Eva-1、Eva-1、Eva-3、EVA-5 from
http://www.water-in-zicht.nl/projecten/eva-lanxmeer-culemborg
Eva-4 from
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/EVA-_Lanxmeer_Green_roof2_2009.jpg
http://www.virtualtourist.com/travel/Europe/Netherlands/Provincie_Gelderland/Culemborg-462481/TravelGuide-Culemborg.html
http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/archi/programmes/cost8/case/watersewerage/netherlands-sustainablehousing.html
http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/archi/programmes/cost8/case/watersewerage/netherlands-sustainablehousing.html
www.bel-lanxmeer.nl
www.kwarteel.nl/volgende/container.html
Dr.ir. A. van Timmeren Sustainable Urban Decentralization: Case EVA Lanxmeer, Culemborg, The Netherlands

----
[[Category:Case Study]]
[[Category:Future Landscapes Group 1 Case Study]]
About categories: You can add more categories with this tag: "[[Category:Category Name]]", add your categories

Case Study Wageningen

2010-11-21T10:05:58Z

Avacoco: /* Core Question 2: What is the role of landscape architecture in this project? */

Case Study Wageningen

2010-11-21T10:01:08Z

Avacoco: /* Analysis of use/users */

Case Study Wageningen

2010-11-21T09:55:17Z

Avacoco: /* Analysis of program/function */

Case Study Wageningen

2010-11-21T09:50:54Z

Avacoco: /* Spatial analysis of area/project/plan */

Case Study Wageningen

2010-11-21T09:47:23Z

Avacoco: /* Landscape and/or urban context */

Case Study Wageningen

2010-11-21T09:36:00Z

Avacoco: /* Landscape and/or urban context */

File:Eva-5.jpg

2010-11-21T09:31:55Z

Avacoco:

File:Eva-4.jpg

2010-11-21T09:31:09Z

Avacoco: